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343,500 | 16,802,897 | 3,732 | A computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template. The column-to-visualization mappings are extracted from a dashboard of a created or modified dashboard (or a created or modified dashboard template). Furthermore, the concept combinations from each visualization of the dashboard are extracted. Additionally, topics from the dashboard are extracted. The concept combinations, topics and column-to-visualization mappings are aggregated into a dashboard template descriptor. The dashboard template descriptor is then stored. In this manner, the dashboard template descriptor captures how concept combinations are used in the visualizations of the dashboard as well as how high-level concepts (topics) are incorporated in the dashboard. Furthermore, the dashboard template descriptor captures how the concepts of the columns of a dataset are mapped to the visualizations of the dashboard. As a result, the most appropriate dashboard/dashboard template may be selected to visualize the user's dataset. | 1. A computer-implemented method for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template, the method comprising:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from a dashboard; extracting concept combinations from each visualization of said dashboard; extracting a list of topics from said dashboard; aggregating said concept combinations, said list of topics and said column-to-visualization mappings into a dashboard template descriptor; and storing said dashboard template descriptor in a database. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard; and
collecting statistical attributes of said columns of said dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard. 3. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
resolving columns used in each visualization of said dashboard to ontological concepts; and
grouping said ontological concepts into combinations based on their usage in visualizations of said dashboard. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard to form a list of concepts; and
converting said list of concepts to a distinct set of concepts. 5. The method as recited in claim 4 further comprising:
performing a lexical analysis on text in said dashboard to extract a second list of concepts and concept combinations. 6. The method as recited in claim 5 further comprising:
scoring concepts listed in said second list of concepts and in said distinct set of concepts based on one or more of the following: occurrence frequency of a concept in visualizations of said dashboard, usage of a concept in a visualization of said dashboard, results of said lexical analysis, context-based weighting and relationships between concepts across multiple visualizations. 7. The method as recited in claim 6 further comprising:
returning concepts with a score above a threshold value as corresponding to said list of topics extracted from said dashboard. 8. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
storing said dashboard template descriptor alongside layout and visual metadata. 9. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from said dashboard in response to receiving an indication of creating or modifying said dashboard or said dashboard template. 10. A computer program product for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage mediums having program code embodied therewith, the program code comprising the programming instructions for:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from a dashboard; extracting concept combinations from each visualization of said dashboard; extracting a list of topics from said dashboard; aggregating said concept combinations, said list of topics and said column-to-visualization mappings into a dashboard template descriptor; and storing said dashboard template descriptor in a database. 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard; and collecting statistical attributes of said columns of said dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
resolving columns used in each visualization of said dashboard to ontological concepts; and grouping said ontological concepts into combinations based on their usage in visualizations of said dashboard. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard to form a list of concepts; and converting said list of concepts to a distinct set of concepts. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 13, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
performing a lexical analysis on text in said dashboard to extract a second list of concepts and concept combinations. 15. The computer program product as recited in claim 14, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
scoring concepts listed in said second list of concepts and in said distinct set of concepts based on one or more of the following: occurrence frequency of a concept in visualizations of said dashboard, usage of a concept in a visualization of said dashboard, results of said lexical analysis, context-based weighting and relationships between concepts across multiple visualizations. 16. The computer program product as recited in claim 15, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
returning concepts with a score above a threshold value as corresponding to said list of topics extracted from said dashboard. 17. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
storing said dashboard template descriptor alongside layout and visual metadata. 18. A system, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template; and a processor connected to said memory, wherein said processor is configured to execute the program instructions of the computer program comprising:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from a dashboard;
extracting concept combinations from each visualization of said dashboard;
extracting a list of topics from said dashboard;
aggregating said concept combinations, said list of topics and said column-to-visualization mappings into a dashboard template descriptor; and
storing said dashboard template descriptor in a database. 19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard; and collecting statistical attributes of said columns of said dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard. 20. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
resolving columns used in each visualization of said dashboard to ontological concepts; and grouping said ontological concepts into combinations based on their usage in visualizations of said dashboard. 21. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard to form a list of concepts; and converting said list of concepts to a distinct set of concepts. 22. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
performing a lexical analysis on text in said dashboard to extract a second list of concepts and concept combinations. 23. The system as recited in claim 22, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
scoring concepts listed in said second list of concepts and in said distinct set of concepts based on one or more of the following: occurrence frequency of a concept in visualizations of said dashboard, usage of a concept in a visualization of said dashboard, results of said lexical analysis, context-based weighting and relationships between concepts across multiple visualizations. 24. The system as recited in claim 23, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
returning concepts with a score above a threshold value as corresponding to said list of topics extracted from said dashboard. 25. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
storing said dashboard template descriptor alongside layout and visual metadata. | A computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template. The column-to-visualization mappings are extracted from a dashboard of a created or modified dashboard (or a created or modified dashboard template). Furthermore, the concept combinations from each visualization of the dashboard are extracted. Additionally, topics from the dashboard are extracted. The concept combinations, topics and column-to-visualization mappings are aggregated into a dashboard template descriptor. The dashboard template descriptor is then stored. In this manner, the dashboard template descriptor captures how concept combinations are used in the visualizations of the dashboard as well as how high-level concepts (topics) are incorporated in the dashboard. Furthermore, the dashboard template descriptor captures how the concepts of the columns of a dataset are mapped to the visualizations of the dashboard. As a result, the most appropriate dashboard/dashboard template may be selected to visualize the user's dataset.1. A computer-implemented method for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template, the method comprising:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from a dashboard; extracting concept combinations from each visualization of said dashboard; extracting a list of topics from said dashboard; aggregating said concept combinations, said list of topics and said column-to-visualization mappings into a dashboard template descriptor; and storing said dashboard template descriptor in a database. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard; and
collecting statistical attributes of said columns of said dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard. 3. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
resolving columns used in each visualization of said dashboard to ontological concepts; and
grouping said ontological concepts into combinations based on their usage in visualizations of said dashboard. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard to form a list of concepts; and
converting said list of concepts to a distinct set of concepts. 5. The method as recited in claim 4 further comprising:
performing a lexical analysis on text in said dashboard to extract a second list of concepts and concept combinations. 6. The method as recited in claim 5 further comprising:
scoring concepts listed in said second list of concepts and in said distinct set of concepts based on one or more of the following: occurrence frequency of a concept in visualizations of said dashboard, usage of a concept in a visualization of said dashboard, results of said lexical analysis, context-based weighting and relationships between concepts across multiple visualizations. 7. The method as recited in claim 6 further comprising:
returning concepts with a score above a threshold value as corresponding to said list of topics extracted from said dashboard. 8. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
storing said dashboard template descriptor alongside layout and visual metadata. 9. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from said dashboard in response to receiving an indication of creating or modifying said dashboard or said dashboard template. 10. A computer program product for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage mediums having program code embodied therewith, the program code comprising the programming instructions for:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from a dashboard; extracting concept combinations from each visualization of said dashboard; extracting a list of topics from said dashboard; aggregating said concept combinations, said list of topics and said column-to-visualization mappings into a dashboard template descriptor; and storing said dashboard template descriptor in a database. 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard; and collecting statistical attributes of said columns of said dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
resolving columns used in each visualization of said dashboard to ontological concepts; and grouping said ontological concepts into combinations based on their usage in visualizations of said dashboard. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard to form a list of concepts; and converting said list of concepts to a distinct set of concepts. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 13, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
performing a lexical analysis on text in said dashboard to extract a second list of concepts and concept combinations. 15. The computer program product as recited in claim 14, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
scoring concepts listed in said second list of concepts and in said distinct set of concepts based on one or more of the following: occurrence frequency of a concept in visualizations of said dashboard, usage of a concept in a visualization of said dashboard, results of said lexical analysis, context-based weighting and relationships between concepts across multiple visualizations. 16. The computer program product as recited in claim 15, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
returning concepts with a score above a threshold value as corresponding to said list of topics extracted from said dashboard. 17. The computer program product as recited in claim 10, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
storing said dashboard template descriptor alongside layout and visual metadata. 18. A system, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template; and a processor connected to said memory, wherein said processor is configured to execute the program instructions of the computer program comprising:
extracting column-to-visualization mappings from a dashboard;
extracting concept combinations from each visualization of said dashboard;
extracting a list of topics from said dashboard;
aggregating said concept combinations, said list of topics and said column-to-visualization mappings into a dashboard template descriptor; and
storing said dashboard template descriptor in a database. 19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard; and collecting statistical attributes of said columns of said dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard. 20. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
resolving columns used in each visualization of said dashboard to ontological concepts; and grouping said ontological concepts into combinations based on their usage in visualizations of said dashboard. 21. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
identifying concepts in columns of a dataset used in each visualization of said dashboard to form a list of concepts; and converting said list of concepts to a distinct set of concepts. 22. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
performing a lexical analysis on text in said dashboard to extract a second list of concepts and concept combinations. 23. The system as recited in claim 22, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
scoring concepts listed in said second list of concepts and in said distinct set of concepts based on one or more of the following: occurrence frequency of a concept in visualizations of said dashboard, usage of a concept in a visualization of said dashboard, results of said lexical analysis, context-based weighting and relationships between concepts across multiple visualizations. 24. The system as recited in claim 23, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
returning concepts with a score above a threshold value as corresponding to said list of topics extracted from said dashboard. 25. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
storing said dashboard template descriptor alongside layout and visual metadata. | 3,700 |
343,501 | 16,802,913 | 3,732 | A display device includes a plurality of node electrodes, a conductive layer above the plurality of node electrodes and including first extensions extending in a first direction and second extensions extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a plurality of pixel electrodes above the conductive layer, and an insulating layer covering an edge of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, where a plurality of openings respectively corresponding to a portion of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defined in the insulating layer, a center of each of the plurality of openings overlaps one of intersections between the first and second extensions and the conductive layer overlaps the plurality of node electrodes. | 1. A display device comprising:
a plurality of node electrodes; a conductive layer above the plurality of node electrodes and comprising first extensions extending in a first direction and second extensions extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of pixel electrodes above the conductive layer; and an insulating layer covering an edge of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein a plurality of openings respectively corresponding to a portion of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defined in the insulating layer, a center of each of the plurality of openings overlaps one of intersections between the first and second extensions, and the conductive layer overlaps the plurality of node electrodes. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first extensions comprise first sub conductive lines and second sub conductive lines alternately arranged with the first sub conductive lines, and the second extensions comprise third sub conductive lines and fourth sub conductive lines alternately arranged with the third sub conductive lines. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the third sub conductive lines overlap the plurality of node electrodes. 4. The display device of claim 2,
a width of the third sub conductive lines is greater than a width of the fourth sub conductive lines. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the plurality of pixel electrodes comprises a first pixel electrode of a first pixel emitting a first color, a second pixel electrode of a second pixel emitting a second color, and a third pixel electrode of a third pixel emitting a third color, wherein the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode are alternately arranged in the first direction and the second direction, and the second pixel electrode is repeatedly arranged in the first direction and the second direction and separated in a diagonal direction away from the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode respectively overlap node electrodes at opposite sides of intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the third sub conductive lines. 7. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the plurality of openings of the insulating layer comprises a first opening corresponding to a portion of the first pixel electrode, a second opening corresponding to a portion of the second pixel electrode, and a third opening corresponding to a portion of the third pixel electrode. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
each of a center of the first opening and a center of the third opening overlaps one of first intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the third sub conductive lines, and a center of the second opening overlaps one of second intersections between the second sub conductive lines and the fourth sub conductive lines. 9. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of conductive lines extending in the first direction in a same layer as the plurality of node electrodes, and electrically connected to the conductive layer. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the plurality of node electrodes are between the plurality of conductive lines in the second direction. 11. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the plurality of conductive lines transmit a power supply voltage to pixels. 12. A display device comprising:
a plurality of node electrodes; a conductive layer above the plurality of node electrodes and comprising first extensions extending in a first direction and second extensions extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of pixel electrodes above the conductive layer; and an insulating layer covering an edge of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein a plurality of openings respectively corresponding to a portion of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defined in the insulating layer, a center of each of first openings of the plurality of openings overlaps one of intersections between the first and second extensions, a center of each of second openings of the plurality of openings does not overlap the intersections, and the conductive layer overlaps the plurality of node electrodes. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein
the second extensions overlap the plurality of node electrodes. 14. The display device of claim 12, wherein
the first extensions comprise first sub conductive lines and second sub conductive lines alternately arranged with the first sub conductive lines. 15. The display device of claim 14, wherein
the plurality of pixel electrodes comprise a first pixel electrode of a first pixel emitting a first color, a second pixel electrode of a second pixel emitting a second color, and a third pixel electrode of a third pixel emitting a third color, wherein the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode are alternately arranged in the first direction and the second direction, and the second pixel electrode is repeatedly arranged in the first direction and the second direction and separated in a diagonal direction away from the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein
the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode respectively overlap node electrodes at opposite sides of intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the second extensions. 17. The display device of claim 15, wherein
the first openings comprise an opening corresponding to a portion of the first pixel electrode and an opening corresponding to a portion of the third pixel electrode, and the second openings comprise an opening corresponding to a portion of the second pixel electrode. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein
a center of each of the first openings overlaps one of intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the second extensions. 19. The display device of claim 12,
further comprising: a plurality of conductive lines extending in the first direction in a same layer as the plurality of node electrodes, and electrically connected to the conductive layer. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein
the plurality of node electrodes are between the plurality of conductive lines in the second direction. | A display device includes a plurality of node electrodes, a conductive layer above the plurality of node electrodes and including first extensions extending in a first direction and second extensions extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a plurality of pixel electrodes above the conductive layer, and an insulating layer covering an edge of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, where a plurality of openings respectively corresponding to a portion of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defined in the insulating layer, a center of each of the plurality of openings overlaps one of intersections between the first and second extensions and the conductive layer overlaps the plurality of node electrodes.1. A display device comprising:
a plurality of node electrodes; a conductive layer above the plurality of node electrodes and comprising first extensions extending in a first direction and second extensions extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of pixel electrodes above the conductive layer; and an insulating layer covering an edge of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein a plurality of openings respectively corresponding to a portion of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defined in the insulating layer, a center of each of the plurality of openings overlaps one of intersections between the first and second extensions, and the conductive layer overlaps the plurality of node electrodes. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first extensions comprise first sub conductive lines and second sub conductive lines alternately arranged with the first sub conductive lines, and the second extensions comprise third sub conductive lines and fourth sub conductive lines alternately arranged with the third sub conductive lines. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the third sub conductive lines overlap the plurality of node electrodes. 4. The display device of claim 2,
a width of the third sub conductive lines is greater than a width of the fourth sub conductive lines. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the plurality of pixel electrodes comprises a first pixel electrode of a first pixel emitting a first color, a second pixel electrode of a second pixel emitting a second color, and a third pixel electrode of a third pixel emitting a third color, wherein the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode are alternately arranged in the first direction and the second direction, and the second pixel electrode is repeatedly arranged in the first direction and the second direction and separated in a diagonal direction away from the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode respectively overlap node electrodes at opposite sides of intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the third sub conductive lines. 7. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the plurality of openings of the insulating layer comprises a first opening corresponding to a portion of the first pixel electrode, a second opening corresponding to a portion of the second pixel electrode, and a third opening corresponding to a portion of the third pixel electrode. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
each of a center of the first opening and a center of the third opening overlaps one of first intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the third sub conductive lines, and a center of the second opening overlaps one of second intersections between the second sub conductive lines and the fourth sub conductive lines. 9. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of conductive lines extending in the first direction in a same layer as the plurality of node electrodes, and electrically connected to the conductive layer. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the plurality of node electrodes are between the plurality of conductive lines in the second direction. 11. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the plurality of conductive lines transmit a power supply voltage to pixels. 12. A display device comprising:
a plurality of node electrodes; a conductive layer above the plurality of node electrodes and comprising first extensions extending in a first direction and second extensions extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of pixel electrodes above the conductive layer; and an insulating layer covering an edge of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein a plurality of openings respectively corresponding to a portion of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defined in the insulating layer, a center of each of first openings of the plurality of openings overlaps one of intersections between the first and second extensions, a center of each of second openings of the plurality of openings does not overlap the intersections, and the conductive layer overlaps the plurality of node electrodes. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein
the second extensions overlap the plurality of node electrodes. 14. The display device of claim 12, wherein
the first extensions comprise first sub conductive lines and second sub conductive lines alternately arranged with the first sub conductive lines. 15. The display device of claim 14, wherein
the plurality of pixel electrodes comprise a first pixel electrode of a first pixel emitting a first color, a second pixel electrode of a second pixel emitting a second color, and a third pixel electrode of a third pixel emitting a third color, wherein the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode are alternately arranged in the first direction and the second direction, and the second pixel electrode is repeatedly arranged in the first direction and the second direction and separated in a diagonal direction away from the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein
the first pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode respectively overlap node electrodes at opposite sides of intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the second extensions. 17. The display device of claim 15, wherein
the first openings comprise an opening corresponding to a portion of the first pixel electrode and an opening corresponding to a portion of the third pixel electrode, and the second openings comprise an opening corresponding to a portion of the second pixel electrode. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein
a center of each of the first openings overlaps one of intersections between the first sub conductive lines and the second extensions. 19. The display device of claim 12,
further comprising: a plurality of conductive lines extending in the first direction in a same layer as the plurality of node electrodes, and electrically connected to the conductive layer. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein
the plurality of node electrodes are between the plurality of conductive lines in the second direction. | 3,700 |
343,502 | 16,802,917 | 3,732 | A sole structure 1 includes: a first sole portion including a first sole body and a first connecting portion provided behind the first sole body; a second sole portion disposed behind the first sole portion and including a second sole body and a second connecting portion provided in front of the second sole body; and a connecting shaft provided along a vertical direction to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion together. Either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion is turnable around the connecting shaft relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in a foot width direction. | 1. A sole structure for a shoe, the sole structure comprising:
a first sole portion including a first sole body and a first connecting portion provided behind the first sole body; a second sole portion disposed behind the first sole portion and including a second sole body and a second connecting portion provided in front of the second sole body; and a connecting shaft provided along a direction perpendicular to a surface of the first connecting portion so as to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion together, either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion being turnable around the connecting shaft relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in a foot width direction. 2. The sole structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a stopper mechanism configured to limit a turnable range around the connecting shaft by the first sole portion and the second sole portion coming into contact with each other. 3. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a first elongate hole extending in a foot length direction, and the connecting shaft is slidably connected to the first elongate hole. 4. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a second elongate hole extending in the foot width direction, and the connecting shaft is slidably connected to the second elongate hole. 5. The sole structure of claim 2, wherein
either one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a protrusion spaced apart from the connecting shaft in the foot width direction as viewed from above, the protrusion protruding vertically, the other one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a guide configured to guide the protrusion through turning of the first sole portion or the second sole portion, and the turnable range of the first sole portion or the second sole portion is limited by the protrusion coming into contact with one of both end portions of the guide. 6. The sole structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a first arm provided for the first connecting portion; and a second arm provided for the second connecting portion, wherein the connecting shaft includes a first connecting shaft, a second connecting shaft, and a third connecting shaft, one end portion of the first arm is connected to the first connecting portion to be turnable around the first connecting shaft, one end portion of the second arm is connected to the second connecting portion to be turnable around the second connecting shaft, the other end portion of the first arm and the other end portion of the second arm are connected together to be turnable around the third connecting shaft, and either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion is turnable around the connecting shafts relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in the foot width direction, and is movable relative to the other one in the foot length direction. 7. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein
the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are connected together while overlapping each other in the vertical direction, and either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion turns relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in the foot width direction while the first connecting portion and second connecting portion keep overlapping each other in the vertical direction. 8. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 1. 9. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 2. 10. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 3. 11. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 4. 12. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 5. 13. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 6. 14. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 7. | A sole structure 1 includes: a first sole portion including a first sole body and a first connecting portion provided behind the first sole body; a second sole portion disposed behind the first sole portion and including a second sole body and a second connecting portion provided in front of the second sole body; and a connecting shaft provided along a vertical direction to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion together. Either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion is turnable around the connecting shaft relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in a foot width direction.1. A sole structure for a shoe, the sole structure comprising:
a first sole portion including a first sole body and a first connecting portion provided behind the first sole body; a second sole portion disposed behind the first sole portion and including a second sole body and a second connecting portion provided in front of the second sole body; and a connecting shaft provided along a direction perpendicular to a surface of the first connecting portion so as to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion together, either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion being turnable around the connecting shaft relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in a foot width direction. 2. The sole structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a stopper mechanism configured to limit a turnable range around the connecting shaft by the first sole portion and the second sole portion coming into contact with each other. 3. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a first elongate hole extending in a foot length direction, and the connecting shaft is slidably connected to the first elongate hole. 4. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a second elongate hole extending in the foot width direction, and the connecting shaft is slidably connected to the second elongate hole. 5. The sole structure of claim 2, wherein
either one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a protrusion spaced apart from the connecting shaft in the foot width direction as viewed from above, the protrusion protruding vertically, the other one of the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion has a guide configured to guide the protrusion through turning of the first sole portion or the second sole portion, and the turnable range of the first sole portion or the second sole portion is limited by the protrusion coming into contact with one of both end portions of the guide. 6. The sole structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a first arm provided for the first connecting portion; and a second arm provided for the second connecting portion, wherein the connecting shaft includes a first connecting shaft, a second connecting shaft, and a third connecting shaft, one end portion of the first arm is connected to the first connecting portion to be turnable around the first connecting shaft, one end portion of the second arm is connected to the second connecting portion to be turnable around the second connecting shaft, the other end portion of the first arm and the other end portion of the second arm are connected together to be turnable around the third connecting shaft, and either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion is turnable around the connecting shafts relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in the foot width direction, and is movable relative to the other one in the foot length direction. 7. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein
the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are connected together while overlapping each other in the vertical direction, and either one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion turns relative to the other one of the first sole portion or the second sole portion in the foot width direction while the first connecting portion and second connecting portion keep overlapping each other in the vertical direction. 8. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 1. 9. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 2. 10. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 3. 11. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 4. 12. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 5. 13. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 6. 14. A shoe comprising the sole structure of claim 7. | 3,700 |
343,503 | 16,802,925 | 3,732 | A pair of glasses with functions of positioning and reminding is revealed. The glasses include a frame, a first temple and a second temple pivotally connected to two sides of the frame. The first and the second temples include inner surfaces facing each other and outer surfaces opposite to the inner surfaces. A magnetic member is mounted on the outer surface while a striking-and-reminding gel-like member is integrally wrapped on the inner surface by injection. An upper edge and a lower edge of the striking-and-reminding gel-like member are respectively extending to form an upper segment and a lower segment which are respectively wrapped on the top surface and the bottom surface. Thereby the glasses can be attached to equipment made of iron at a workplace by the magnetic member and users can find them easily and quickly due to the striking-and-reminding gel-like member. | 1. A pair of glasses with functions of positioning and reminding comprising:
a frame, a first temple which is pivotally connected to one of the two sides of the frame and having: a first inner surface, a first outer surface opposite to the first inner surface, a first top surface which is connected to a top edge of the first inner surface and a top edge of the first outer surface; a first bottom surface which is disposed corresponding to the first top surface and is connected to a bottom edge of the first inner surface and a bottom edge of the first outer surface; a first magnetic member mounted on the first outer surface; and a first striking-and-reminding gel-like member which is integrally wrapped on the first inner surface by injection and having an upper edge and a lower edge respectively extending to form a first upper segment and a first lower segment which are respectively wrapped on the first top surface and the first bottom surface; and a second temple which is pivotally connected to the other side of the frame and having: a second inner surface,
a second outer surface opposite to the second inner surface;
a second top surface which is connected to a top edge of the second inner surface and a top edge of the second outer surface;
a second bottom surface which is arranged corresponding to the second top surface and is connected to a bottom edge of the second inner surface and a bottom edge of the second outer surface;
a second magnetic member mounted on the second outer surface; and
a second striking-and-reminding gel-like member which is integrally wrapped on the second inner surface by injection and having an upper edge and a lower edge respectively extending to form a second upper segment and a second lower segment which are respectively wrapped on the second top surface and the second bottom surface. 2. The glasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first inner surface of the first temple and the second inner surface of the second temple are respectively provided with a first inner groove and a second inner groove; the first inner groove and the second inner groove are respectively used for mounting the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member. 3. The glasses as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first upper groove and a second upper groove are respectively disposed on the first top surface of the first temple and the second top surface of the second temple while a first lower groove and a second lower groove are respectively arranged at the first bottom surface of the first temple and the second bottom surface of the second temple; the first inner groove is communicating with the first upper groove and the first lower groove while the second inner groove is communicating with the second upper groove and the second lower groove of the second temple; the first upper groove and the first lower groove of the first temple are respectively used for mounting the first upper segment and the first lower segment of the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member while the second upper groove and the second lower groove of the second temple are respectively used for mounting the second upper segment and the second lower segment of the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member. 4. The glasses as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member are made of soft plastic materials. 5. The glasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member are made of soft plastic materials. 6. The glasses as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member are made of soft plastic materials. | A pair of glasses with functions of positioning and reminding is revealed. The glasses include a frame, a first temple and a second temple pivotally connected to two sides of the frame. The first and the second temples include inner surfaces facing each other and outer surfaces opposite to the inner surfaces. A magnetic member is mounted on the outer surface while a striking-and-reminding gel-like member is integrally wrapped on the inner surface by injection. An upper edge and a lower edge of the striking-and-reminding gel-like member are respectively extending to form an upper segment and a lower segment which are respectively wrapped on the top surface and the bottom surface. Thereby the glasses can be attached to equipment made of iron at a workplace by the magnetic member and users can find them easily and quickly due to the striking-and-reminding gel-like member.1. A pair of glasses with functions of positioning and reminding comprising:
a frame, a first temple which is pivotally connected to one of the two sides of the frame and having: a first inner surface, a first outer surface opposite to the first inner surface, a first top surface which is connected to a top edge of the first inner surface and a top edge of the first outer surface; a first bottom surface which is disposed corresponding to the first top surface and is connected to a bottom edge of the first inner surface and a bottom edge of the first outer surface; a first magnetic member mounted on the first outer surface; and a first striking-and-reminding gel-like member which is integrally wrapped on the first inner surface by injection and having an upper edge and a lower edge respectively extending to form a first upper segment and a first lower segment which are respectively wrapped on the first top surface and the first bottom surface; and a second temple which is pivotally connected to the other side of the frame and having: a second inner surface,
a second outer surface opposite to the second inner surface;
a second top surface which is connected to a top edge of the second inner surface and a top edge of the second outer surface;
a second bottom surface which is arranged corresponding to the second top surface and is connected to a bottom edge of the second inner surface and a bottom edge of the second outer surface;
a second magnetic member mounted on the second outer surface; and
a second striking-and-reminding gel-like member which is integrally wrapped on the second inner surface by injection and having an upper edge and a lower edge respectively extending to form a second upper segment and a second lower segment which are respectively wrapped on the second top surface and the second bottom surface. 2. The glasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first inner surface of the first temple and the second inner surface of the second temple are respectively provided with a first inner groove and a second inner groove; the first inner groove and the second inner groove are respectively used for mounting the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member. 3. The glasses as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first upper groove and a second upper groove are respectively disposed on the first top surface of the first temple and the second top surface of the second temple while a first lower groove and a second lower groove are respectively arranged at the first bottom surface of the first temple and the second bottom surface of the second temple; the first inner groove is communicating with the first upper groove and the first lower groove while the second inner groove is communicating with the second upper groove and the second lower groove of the second temple; the first upper groove and the first lower groove of the first temple are respectively used for mounting the first upper segment and the first lower segment of the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member while the second upper groove and the second lower groove of the second temple are respectively used for mounting the second upper segment and the second lower segment of the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member. 4. The glasses as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member are made of soft plastic materials. 5. The glasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member are made of soft plastic materials. 6. The glasses as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first striking-and-reminding gel-like member and the second striking-and-reminding gel-like member are made of soft plastic materials. | 3,700 |
343,504 | 16,802,859 | 3,732 | The present invention relates to compositions comprising improved flagellin derived constructs and methods of using the same in the treatment of various diseases. | 1-60. (canceled) 61. A composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 62. The composition of claim 61, the composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 98% sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 63. The composition of claim 61, the composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 99% sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 64. The composition of claim 61, the composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 65. A pharmaceutical composition, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 66. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition has reduced antigenicity and immunogenicity as compared to the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. 67. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition demonstrates improved pharmacokinetics as compared to the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. 68. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition activates TLR5 signaling at a level the same as, or similar to, that of the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. 69. The composition of claim 61, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a N-terminal tag. 70. The composition of claim 61, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a C-terminal tag. 71. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition induces NF-κB mediated expression of one or more of the cytokines selected from IL-6, IL-12, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), IL-10, G-CSF, MCP-1, TNF-α, MIG, and MIP-2. 72. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of claim 61 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 73. A method of stimulating TLR5 signaling comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 95% sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the subject suffers from radiation-induced cellular damage. 75. The method of claim 73, wherein the subject has been subjected to a lethal dose of radiation. 76. The method of claim 73, wherein the subject is undergoing radiation treatment. 77. The method of claim 73, wherein the composition has reduced antigenicity and immunogenicity as compared to the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. | The present invention relates to compositions comprising improved flagellin derived constructs and methods of using the same in the treatment of various diseases.1-60. (canceled) 61. A composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 62. The composition of claim 61, the composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 98% sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 63. The composition of claim 61, the composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 99% sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 64. The composition of claim 61, the composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 65. A pharmaceutical composition, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 66. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition has reduced antigenicity and immunogenicity as compared to the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. 67. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition demonstrates improved pharmacokinetics as compared to the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. 68. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition activates TLR5 signaling at a level the same as, or similar to, that of the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. 69. The composition of claim 61, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a N-terminal tag. 70. The composition of claim 61, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a C-terminal tag. 71. The composition of claim 61, wherein the composition induces NF-κB mediated expression of one or more of the cytokines selected from IL-6, IL-12, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), IL-10, G-CSF, MCP-1, TNF-α, MIG, and MIP-2. 72. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of claim 61 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 73. A method of stimulating TLR5 signaling comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is about 95% sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 137. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the subject suffers from radiation-induced cellular damage. 75. The method of claim 73, wherein the subject has been subjected to a lethal dose of radiation. 76. The method of claim 73, wherein the subject is undergoing radiation treatment. 77. The method of claim 73, wherein the composition has reduced antigenicity and immunogenicity as compared to the polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 2. | 3,700 |
343,505 | 16,802,919 | 2,859 | A piezoelectric energy harvester system for collecting kinetic energy is provided, wherein the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, and wherein at least a portion of the converted electrical energy is utilized to operate a load. The system comprises an energy input portion and an energy harvesting portion. The energy input portion includes an input member configured to be actionable by an outside force. The energy harvesting portion includes a capture member, a sprocket portion, and a piezoelectric energy harvester. The capture member is adapted for receiving mechanical input from the input member. The sprocket portion is disposed for movement with the capture member. The sprocket portion includes at least one radially disposed sprocket actuator configured for making contact with and exciting the piezoelectric energy harvester. The piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by the contact to produce the kinetic energy. | 1. A piezoelectric energy harvester system for collecting kinetic energy, wherein said kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, and wherein at least a portion of said converted electrical energy is utilized to operate a load, the system comprising:
an energy input portion including an input member configured to be rotated about a first axis by an outside force; and an energy harvesting portion including a capture member in contact with said input member and a piezoelectric energy harvester, wherein said capture member is movable by said input member, and wherein said piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by said movement of said capture member by said input member to produce said kinetic energy. 2. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said load is an electric door release mechanism. 3. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said capture member is rotatable by said input member, wherein said piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by said rotation of said capture member by said input member to produce said kinetic energy. 4. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said capture member is a gear in meshing contact with said input member. 5. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said input member is a gear in meshing contact with said capture member. 6. The system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said capture member is a gear. 7. The system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said input member is a linear gear in meshing contact with said capture member. 8. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said capture member is a wheel having a capture member contact surface, and wherein said capture member contact surface is in contact with said input member. 9. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said input member is a wheel including an input member contact surface, and wherein said input member contact surface is in contact with said capture member. 10. The system in accordance with claim 8 wherein said input member is a wheel including an input member contact surface, and wherein said input member contact surface is in contact with said capture member contact surface. 11. The system in accordance with claim 10 wherein at least one of said input member contact surface or said capture member contact surface is a resilient contact surface. | A piezoelectric energy harvester system for collecting kinetic energy is provided, wherein the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, and wherein at least a portion of the converted electrical energy is utilized to operate a load. The system comprises an energy input portion and an energy harvesting portion. The energy input portion includes an input member configured to be actionable by an outside force. The energy harvesting portion includes a capture member, a sprocket portion, and a piezoelectric energy harvester. The capture member is adapted for receiving mechanical input from the input member. The sprocket portion is disposed for movement with the capture member. The sprocket portion includes at least one radially disposed sprocket actuator configured for making contact with and exciting the piezoelectric energy harvester. The piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by the contact to produce the kinetic energy.1. A piezoelectric energy harvester system for collecting kinetic energy, wherein said kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, and wherein at least a portion of said converted electrical energy is utilized to operate a load, the system comprising:
an energy input portion including an input member configured to be rotated about a first axis by an outside force; and an energy harvesting portion including a capture member in contact with said input member and a piezoelectric energy harvester, wherein said capture member is movable by said input member, and wherein said piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by said movement of said capture member by said input member to produce said kinetic energy. 2. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said load is an electric door release mechanism. 3. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said capture member is rotatable by said input member, wherein said piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by said rotation of said capture member by said input member to produce said kinetic energy. 4. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said capture member is a gear in meshing contact with said input member. 5. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said input member is a gear in meshing contact with said capture member. 6. The system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said capture member is a gear. 7. The system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said input member is a linear gear in meshing contact with said capture member. 8. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said capture member is a wheel having a capture member contact surface, and wherein said capture member contact surface is in contact with said input member. 9. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said input member is a wheel including an input member contact surface, and wherein said input member contact surface is in contact with said capture member. 10. The system in accordance with claim 8 wherein said input member is a wheel including an input member contact surface, and wherein said input member contact surface is in contact with said capture member contact surface. 11. The system in accordance with claim 10 wherein at least one of said input member contact surface or said capture member contact surface is a resilient contact surface. | 2,800 |
343,506 | 16,802,947 | 2,859 | A method for extracting and realizing from a non-structured or semi-structured textual source a Knowledge Base for chatbot having the phases of applying a process to the textual source is provided. The process has at least the phase of automatically finding “question” nodes in the textual source, and the phase having the sub-phases of: generating a representative tree of text nodes present in the textual source, extracting, by way of heuristics and/or a predictive model, certain features in the text node as the more recurring features and selectively attributing to the text nodes that comprise the most recurring characteristics, the “question” node feature, regardless of the fact that the text nodes have a question mark “?” among the extracted features. The invention also refers to a system arranged to implement the method. | 1. A method arranged for extracting and building a Knowledge Base for chatbot starting from an unstructured or semi-structured textual source by using software packages implemented on one or more computers, said method comprising a computer implemented process comprising the steps of
applying to the textual source, encoded in a predetermined encoding language, heuristics and/or a predictive model provided for automatically finding “question” nodes comprised inside the textual source, said step comprising the sub-steps of generating a tree representative of textual nodes that are comprised inside the textual source, extracting certain features as more recurring features comprised inside the textual nodes by way of said heuristics and/or predictive model, selectively assigning to the textual nodes that comprise said certain more recurring features, the feature of “question” nodes, regardless of whether said textual nodes comprise a question mark “?”; automatically splitting the textual source into sections, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source; automatically extracting section titles, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source, and answers corresponding to the textual nodes comprising the feature of “question” nodes; displaying the result of the application of the heuristics and/or predictive model step on an operator terminal; interactively controlling by way of an operator, by using said operator terminal, the result displayed in the displaying step, and in case of negative result, manually modifying the displayed result by using operator terminal, or, alternatively, in case of positive result completing the extraction process, and storing the KB for chatbot in a database or in a repository. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
said step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections comprises the steps of identifying and grouping into sections one or more groups of “question” nodes on the basis of the “question” nodes found inside the textual source, and said step of automatically extracting section titles and answers comprises the steps of
numbering the found sections in ascending order,
numbering the “question” nodes in ascending number,
recognizing if some “question” nodes are to be considered as respective titles of the found sections; and
assigning to each “question” node, by using as delimiters the “question” nodes and the found sections, an answer wherein each answer is in a direct correspondence with a respective “question” node and assumes the same id. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
said step of automatically extracting section titles and answers comprises the further step of converting by way of an “automatic merging step” the tree representing the text nodes comprised inside the textual source so that the text nodes comprising the feature of “question” node are arranged to comprise a plurality of answers. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of manually modifying by way of the said operator by using said operator terminal the displayed result, comprises one or more of the following manual operations:
classifying one or more textual nodes by modifying the attributed feature to the textual node made in the step of finding the “question” nodes, classifying one or more textual nodes stating that said manual classification is a semi-automatic type classification and is applicable to further textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, collecting a plurality of answers, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, as answers to a single “question” node, splitting the textual nodes, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, into sub-sections of “question” nodes and answers, eliminating sub-sections erroneously recognized in the step of finding “question” nodes, correcting the encoding language in which the textual source has been encoded. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of manually modifying by way of the said operator by using said operator terminal the displayed result, comprises one or more of the following manual operations:
classifying one or more textual nodes by modifying the attributed feature to the textual node made in the step of finding the “question” nodes, classifying one or more textual nodes stating that said manual classification is a semi-automatic type classification and is applicable to further textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, collecting a plurality of answers, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, as answers to a single “question” node, splitting the textual nodes, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, into sub-sections of “question” nodes and answers, eliminating sub-sections erroneously recognized in the step of finding “question” nodes, correcting the encoding language in which the textual source has been encoded. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of manually modifying by way of the said operator by using said operator terminal the displayed result, comprises one or more of the following manual operations:
classifying one or more textual nodes by modifying the attributed feature to the textual node made in the step of finding the “question” nodes, classifying one or more textual nodes stating that said manual classification is a semi-automatic type classification and is applicable to further textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, collecting a plurality of answers, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, as answers to a single “question” node, splitting the textual nodes, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, into sub-sections of “question” nodes and answers, eliminating sub-sections erroneously recognized in the step of finding “question” nodes, correcting the encoding language in which the textual source has been encoded. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of manually modifying the displayed result is followed by the following steps
an automatic control step arranged for controlling the type of modifications made in the manual modification step, and if the modifications comprise semi-automatic modifications proceeding with an automatic step wherein the manual modifications made in the manual modification step are applied to textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, and if the modifications comprise explicit modifications recycling the process starting from the step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of manually modifying the displayed result is followed by the following steps
an automatic control step arranged for controlling the type of modifications made in the manual modification step, and if the modifications comprise semi-automatic modifications proceeding with an automatic step wherein the manual modifications made in the manual modification step are applied to textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, and if the modifications comprise explicit modifications recycling the process starting from the step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of manually modifying the displayed result is followed by the following steps
an automatic control step arranged for controlling the type of modifications made in the manual modification step, and if the modifications comprise semi-automatic modifications proceeding with an automatic step wherein the manual modifications made in the manual modification step are applied to textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, and if the modifications comprise explicit modifications recycling the process starting from the step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections (220), if said sections are comprised inside the textual source. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises an encoding step arranged for encoding unstructured or semi-structured textual sources into HTML encoding language. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the process comprises an encoding step arranged for encoding unstructured or semi-structured textual sources into HTML encoding language. 12. The method according to claim 3, wherein the process comprises an encoding step arranged for encoding unstructured or semi-structured textual sources into HTML encoding language. 13. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 1, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 14. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 2, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 15. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 3, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 16. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 4, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 17. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 7, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 18. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 10, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. | A method for extracting and realizing from a non-structured or semi-structured textual source a Knowledge Base for chatbot having the phases of applying a process to the textual source is provided. The process has at least the phase of automatically finding “question” nodes in the textual source, and the phase having the sub-phases of: generating a representative tree of text nodes present in the textual source, extracting, by way of heuristics and/or a predictive model, certain features in the text node as the more recurring features and selectively attributing to the text nodes that comprise the most recurring characteristics, the “question” node feature, regardless of the fact that the text nodes have a question mark “?” among the extracted features. The invention also refers to a system arranged to implement the method.1. A method arranged for extracting and building a Knowledge Base for chatbot starting from an unstructured or semi-structured textual source by using software packages implemented on one or more computers, said method comprising a computer implemented process comprising the steps of
applying to the textual source, encoded in a predetermined encoding language, heuristics and/or a predictive model provided for automatically finding “question” nodes comprised inside the textual source, said step comprising the sub-steps of generating a tree representative of textual nodes that are comprised inside the textual source, extracting certain features as more recurring features comprised inside the textual nodes by way of said heuristics and/or predictive model, selectively assigning to the textual nodes that comprise said certain more recurring features, the feature of “question” nodes, regardless of whether said textual nodes comprise a question mark “?”; automatically splitting the textual source into sections, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source; automatically extracting section titles, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source, and answers corresponding to the textual nodes comprising the feature of “question” nodes; displaying the result of the application of the heuristics and/or predictive model step on an operator terminal; interactively controlling by way of an operator, by using said operator terminal, the result displayed in the displaying step, and in case of negative result, manually modifying the displayed result by using operator terminal, or, alternatively, in case of positive result completing the extraction process, and storing the KB for chatbot in a database or in a repository. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
said step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections comprises the steps of identifying and grouping into sections one or more groups of “question” nodes on the basis of the “question” nodes found inside the textual source, and said step of automatically extracting section titles and answers comprises the steps of
numbering the found sections in ascending order,
numbering the “question” nodes in ascending number,
recognizing if some “question” nodes are to be considered as respective titles of the found sections; and
assigning to each “question” node, by using as delimiters the “question” nodes and the found sections, an answer wherein each answer is in a direct correspondence with a respective “question” node and assumes the same id. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
said step of automatically extracting section titles and answers comprises the further step of converting by way of an “automatic merging step” the tree representing the text nodes comprised inside the textual source so that the text nodes comprising the feature of “question” node are arranged to comprise a plurality of answers. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of manually modifying by way of the said operator by using said operator terminal the displayed result, comprises one or more of the following manual operations:
classifying one or more textual nodes by modifying the attributed feature to the textual node made in the step of finding the “question” nodes, classifying one or more textual nodes stating that said manual classification is a semi-automatic type classification and is applicable to further textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, collecting a plurality of answers, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, as answers to a single “question” node, splitting the textual nodes, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, into sub-sections of “question” nodes and answers, eliminating sub-sections erroneously recognized in the step of finding “question” nodes, correcting the encoding language in which the textual source has been encoded. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of manually modifying by way of the said operator by using said operator terminal the displayed result, comprises one or more of the following manual operations:
classifying one or more textual nodes by modifying the attributed feature to the textual node made in the step of finding the “question” nodes, classifying one or more textual nodes stating that said manual classification is a semi-automatic type classification and is applicable to further textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, collecting a plurality of answers, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, as answers to a single “question” node, splitting the textual nodes, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, into sub-sections of “question” nodes and answers, eliminating sub-sections erroneously recognized in the step of finding “question” nodes, correcting the encoding language in which the textual source has been encoded. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of manually modifying by way of the said operator by using said operator terminal the displayed result, comprises one or more of the following manual operations:
classifying one or more textual nodes by modifying the attributed feature to the textual node made in the step of finding the “question” nodes, classifying one or more textual nodes stating that said manual classification is a semi-automatic type classification and is applicable to further textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, collecting a plurality of answers, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, as answers to a single “question” node, splitting the textual nodes, unrecognized in the step of automatically finding the “question” nodes, into sub-sections of “question” nodes and answers, eliminating sub-sections erroneously recognized in the step of finding “question” nodes, correcting the encoding language in which the textual source has been encoded. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of manually modifying the displayed result is followed by the following steps
an automatic control step arranged for controlling the type of modifications made in the manual modification step, and if the modifications comprise semi-automatic modifications proceeding with an automatic step wherein the manual modifications made in the manual modification step are applied to textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, and if the modifications comprise explicit modifications recycling the process starting from the step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of manually modifying the displayed result is followed by the following steps
an automatic control step arranged for controlling the type of modifications made in the manual modification step, and if the modifications comprise semi-automatic modifications proceeding with an automatic step wherein the manual modifications made in the manual modification step are applied to textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, and if the modifications comprise explicit modifications recycling the process starting from the step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections, if said sections are comprised inside the textual source. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of manually modifying the displayed result is followed by the following steps
an automatic control step arranged for controlling the type of modifications made in the manual modification step, and if the modifications comprise semi-automatic modifications proceeding with an automatic step wherein the manual modifications made in the manual modification step are applied to textual nodes comprising features similar or identical to those of the manual classified textual nodes, and if the modifications comprise explicit modifications recycling the process starting from the step of automatically splitting the textual source into sections (220), if said sections are comprised inside the textual source. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises an encoding step arranged for encoding unstructured or semi-structured textual sources into HTML encoding language. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the process comprises an encoding step arranged for encoding unstructured or semi-structured textual sources into HTML encoding language. 12. The method according to claim 3, wherein the process comprises an encoding step arranged for encoding unstructured or semi-structured textual sources into HTML encoding language. 13. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 1, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 14. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 2, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 15. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 3, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 16. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 4, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 17. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 7, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. 18. A system configured to implement the method claimed in claim 10, comprising
at least one server comprising one or more software packages configured to extract and create respective Knowledge Base for chatbot from one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, a database or repository connected to the at least one server, said database being arranged to store one or more KB for chatbot, and to one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, by way of a geographical network, a plurality of operator terminals, connected, by way of the geographic network, to said at least one server and to said one or more unstructured or semi-structured textual sources, configured to enable one or more operators to interact with the one or more software packages comprised in the at least one server. | 2,800 |
343,507 | 16,802,898 | 2,859 | Composite reference electrode substrates and relating methods are provided. The composite reference electrode substrate includes a separator portion and a current collector portion adjacent to the separator portion. A method for forming the reference electrode substrate includes anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to form a porous separator portion disposed adjacent to a porous current collector portion. The porous separator portion includes aluminum oxide, and the current collector portion includes the aluminum foil. The separator portion and the current collector portion each have a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %. | 1. A composite reference electrode substrate comprising:
a separator portion comprising aluminum oxide and having a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %; and a current collector portion integral with and adjacent to the separator portion, wherein the current collector portion comprises aluminum and has a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %, and wherein pores of the separator portion are continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion together define a plurality of channels through the composite reference electrode substrate. 2. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of greater than or equal to about 3 μm to less than or equal to about 300 μm and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of greater than or equal to about 5 μm to less than or equal to about 300 μm. 3. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of about 15 μm and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of about 10 μm, the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 30 vol. % to less than or equal to about 60 vol. %, and the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 30 vol. % to less than or equal to about 60 vol. %. 4. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the separator portion and the current collector portion integral therewith are formed from a single aluminum foil precursor. 5. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 4, wherein the separator portion and the current collector portion are formed by anodizing one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil precursor. 6. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 4, wherein the separator portion and the current collector portion are formed by etching one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil precursor. 7. A method for forming a reference electrode substrate comprising a separator portion and a current collector portion, the method comprising:
anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to integrally form the separator portion and the current collector portion, wherein the separator portion is disposed adjacent to the current collector portion, each of the separator portion and the current collector portion are porous, and pores of the separator portion are continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion together define a plurality of channels through the reference electrode substrate, and wherein the separator portion comprises aluminum oxide and the current collector portion comprises the aluminum foil. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises one or more etching steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises etching the separator portion so as to increase porosity of the separator portion, wherein after the etching the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %; and etching the current collector portion to increase porosity of the current collector portion and the after the etching the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises etching the aluminum foil prior to anodizing. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises, prior to anodizing, disposing one or more masks on or near one or more portions of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil, wherein the one or more masks define at least one covered region and at least one exposed region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil, wherein the at least one exposed region is disposed outside the at least one covered region. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises removing the one or more masks so as to expose the at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil so as to define a current collector tab. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises shaping the current collector tab. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 50 μm and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 200 μm. 15. A method for forming a reference electrode substrate comprising a separator portion and a current collector portion, the method comprising:
disposing a mask on or near at least one portion of one or more surfaces of an aluminum foil, wherein the mask defines at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil; anodizing at least one exposed region disposed outside the at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of an aluminum foil so as to form the separator portion in the at least one exposed region that is disposed adjacent to the current collector portion, wherein the separator portion comprises aluminum oxide and the current collector portion comprises the aluminum foil; and removing the mask so as to expose the at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil so as to define a current collector tab. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises at least one of etching the separator portion to increase a porosity of the separator portion and etching the current collector portion to increase a porosity of the current collector portion. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %, and the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises shaping the current collector tab. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the separator portion has an average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 50 μm and the current collector portion has an average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 200 μm. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein pores of the separator portion are continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion define a plurality of channels through the reference electrode substrate. | Composite reference electrode substrates and relating methods are provided. The composite reference electrode substrate includes a separator portion and a current collector portion adjacent to the separator portion. A method for forming the reference electrode substrate includes anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to form a porous separator portion disposed adjacent to a porous current collector portion. The porous separator portion includes aluminum oxide, and the current collector portion includes the aluminum foil. The separator portion and the current collector portion each have a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %.1. A composite reference electrode substrate comprising:
a separator portion comprising aluminum oxide and having a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %; and a current collector portion integral with and adjacent to the separator portion, wherein the current collector portion comprises aluminum and has a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %, and wherein pores of the separator portion are continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion together define a plurality of channels through the composite reference electrode substrate. 2. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of greater than or equal to about 3 μm to less than or equal to about 300 μm and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of greater than or equal to about 5 μm to less than or equal to about 300 μm. 3. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of about 15 μm and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of about 10 μm, the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 30 vol. % to less than or equal to about 60 vol. %, and the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 30 vol. % to less than or equal to about 60 vol. %. 4. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the separator portion and the current collector portion integral therewith are formed from a single aluminum foil precursor. 5. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 4, wherein the separator portion and the current collector portion are formed by anodizing one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil precursor. 6. The composite reference electrode substrate of claim 4, wherein the separator portion and the current collector portion are formed by etching one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil precursor. 7. A method for forming a reference electrode substrate comprising a separator portion and a current collector portion, the method comprising:
anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to integrally form the separator portion and the current collector portion, wherein the separator portion is disposed adjacent to the current collector portion, each of the separator portion and the current collector portion are porous, and pores of the separator portion are continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion together define a plurality of channels through the reference electrode substrate, and wherein the separator portion comprises aluminum oxide and the current collector portion comprises the aluminum foil. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises one or more etching steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises etching the separator portion so as to increase porosity of the separator portion, wherein after the etching the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %; and etching the current collector portion to increase porosity of the current collector portion and the after the etching the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises etching the aluminum foil prior to anodizing. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises, prior to anodizing, disposing one or more masks on or near one or more portions of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil, wherein the one or more masks define at least one covered region and at least one exposed region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil, wherein the at least one exposed region is disposed outside the at least one covered region. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises removing the one or more masks so as to expose the at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil so as to define a current collector tab. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises shaping the current collector tab. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 50 μm and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 200 μm. 15. A method for forming a reference electrode substrate comprising a separator portion and a current collector portion, the method comprising:
disposing a mask on or near at least one portion of one or more surfaces of an aluminum foil, wherein the mask defines at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil; anodizing at least one exposed region disposed outside the at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of an aluminum foil so as to form the separator portion in the at least one exposed region that is disposed adjacent to the current collector portion, wherein the separator portion comprises aluminum oxide and the current collector portion comprises the aluminum foil; and removing the mask so as to expose the at least one covered region of the one or more surfaces of the aluminum foil so as to define a current collector tab. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises at least one of etching the separator portion to increase a porosity of the separator portion and etching the current collector portion to increase a porosity of the current collector portion. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %, and the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises shaping the current collector tab. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the separator portion has an average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 50 μm and the current collector portion has an average thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 μm to less than or equal to about 200 μm. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein pores of the separator portion are continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion define a plurality of channels through the reference electrode substrate. | 2,800 |
343,508 | 16,802,899 | 2,859 | Vias may be established in printed circuit boards or similar structures and filled with a monolithic metal body to promote heat transfer. Metal nanoparticle paste compositions may provide a ready avenue for filling the vias and consolidating the metal nanoparticles under mild conditions to form each monolithic metal body. The monolithic metal body within each via can be placed in thermal contact with one or more heat sinks to promote heat transfer. | 1. A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising:
a substrate having one or more vias extending therethrough between a first face and a second face; a monolithic metal body filling each of the one or more vias and having a uniform nanoporosity ranging from about 2% to about 30%, the monolithic metal body being formed from consolidation of a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising metal nanoparticles coated with one or more surfactants, one or more organic solvents, and about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % micron-size particles; and a heat sink upon at least one of the first face or the second face, the heat sink contacting each monolithic metal body. 2. The PCB of claim 1, wherein a first heat sink is located upon the first face and a second heat sink is located upon the second face. 3. The PCB of claim 1, wherein a first heat sink is located upon the first face and contacts each monolithic metal body, and an electronic component is bonded to at least one monolithic metal body via a bonding layer upon the second face, a second heat sink contacting the electronic component. 4. The PCB of claim 3, wherein the bonding layer comprises a fused metal nanoparticle layer. 5. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the monolithic metal body comprises copper and the metal nanoparticle paste composition comprises copper nanoparticles. 6. The PCB of claim 5, wherein the monolithic metal body further comprises a plurality of diamond particles. 7. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the monolithic metal body further comprises a plurality of diamond particles. 8. The PCB of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the one or more vias contain a reinforcement material. 9. The PCB of claim 8, wherein the reinforcement material extends through at least a portion of the monolithic metal body after consolidation of the metal nanoparticle paste composition. 10. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is metallurgically bonded to the monolithic metal body. 11. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the one or more vias are about 1 mm or larger in diameter. 12. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the metal nanoparticle paste composition further comprises carbon fibers. 13. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the PCB is multi-layer. 14. A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising:
a substrate having one or more vias extending therethrough between a first face and a second face; a monolithic metal body filling each of the one or more vias, the monolithic metal body being formed from metal nanoparticles that have undergone consolidation and has a uniform nanoporosity ranging from about 2% to about 30%; a first heat sink located upon the first face and contacting each monolithic metal body; and an electronic component bonded to at least one monolithic metal body via a bonding layer upon the second face, a second heat sink contacting the electronic component. 15. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the bonding layer comprises a fused metal nanoparticle layer. 16. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the monolithic metal body is formed from consolidation of a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising metal nanoparticles coated with one or more surfactants, one or more organic solvents, and about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % micron-size particles. 17. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the monolithic metal body comprises copper and is formed from a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising copper nanoparticles. 18. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the PCB is multi-layer. 19. A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising:
a substrate having one or more vias extending therethrough between a first face and a second face, at least a portion of the one of more vias being about 1 mm or larger in diameter; a monolithic metal body filling each of the one or more vias and having a uniform nanoporosity ranging from about 2% to about 30%, the monolithic metal body being formed from consolidation of a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising metal nanoparticles coated with one or more surfactants, one or more organic solvents, and about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % micron-size particles;
wherein at least a portion of the one or more vias contain a reinforcement material that extends through at least a portion of the monolithic metal body; and
a heat sink upon at least one of the first face or the second face, the heat sink contacting each monolithic metal body. 20. The PCB of claim 19, wherein the monolithic metal body comprises copper and the metal nanoparticle paste composition comprises copper nanoparticles. | Vias may be established in printed circuit boards or similar structures and filled with a monolithic metal body to promote heat transfer. Metal nanoparticle paste compositions may provide a ready avenue for filling the vias and consolidating the metal nanoparticles under mild conditions to form each monolithic metal body. The monolithic metal body within each via can be placed in thermal contact with one or more heat sinks to promote heat transfer.1. A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising:
a substrate having one or more vias extending therethrough between a first face and a second face; a monolithic metal body filling each of the one or more vias and having a uniform nanoporosity ranging from about 2% to about 30%, the monolithic metal body being formed from consolidation of a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising metal nanoparticles coated with one or more surfactants, one or more organic solvents, and about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % micron-size particles; and a heat sink upon at least one of the first face or the second face, the heat sink contacting each monolithic metal body. 2. The PCB of claim 1, wherein a first heat sink is located upon the first face and a second heat sink is located upon the second face. 3. The PCB of claim 1, wherein a first heat sink is located upon the first face and contacts each monolithic metal body, and an electronic component is bonded to at least one monolithic metal body via a bonding layer upon the second face, a second heat sink contacting the electronic component. 4. The PCB of claim 3, wherein the bonding layer comprises a fused metal nanoparticle layer. 5. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the monolithic metal body comprises copper and the metal nanoparticle paste composition comprises copper nanoparticles. 6. The PCB of claim 5, wherein the monolithic metal body further comprises a plurality of diamond particles. 7. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the monolithic metal body further comprises a plurality of diamond particles. 8. The PCB of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the one or more vias contain a reinforcement material. 9. The PCB of claim 8, wherein the reinforcement material extends through at least a portion of the monolithic metal body after consolidation of the metal nanoparticle paste composition. 10. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is metallurgically bonded to the monolithic metal body. 11. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the one or more vias are about 1 mm or larger in diameter. 12. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the metal nanoparticle paste composition further comprises carbon fibers. 13. The PCB of claim 1, wherein the PCB is multi-layer. 14. A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising:
a substrate having one or more vias extending therethrough between a first face and a second face; a monolithic metal body filling each of the one or more vias, the monolithic metal body being formed from metal nanoparticles that have undergone consolidation and has a uniform nanoporosity ranging from about 2% to about 30%; a first heat sink located upon the first face and contacting each monolithic metal body; and an electronic component bonded to at least one monolithic metal body via a bonding layer upon the second face, a second heat sink contacting the electronic component. 15. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the bonding layer comprises a fused metal nanoparticle layer. 16. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the monolithic metal body is formed from consolidation of a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising metal nanoparticles coated with one or more surfactants, one or more organic solvents, and about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % micron-size particles. 17. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the monolithic metal body comprises copper and is formed from a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising copper nanoparticles. 18. The PCB of claim 14, wherein the PCB is multi-layer. 19. A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising:
a substrate having one or more vias extending therethrough between a first face and a second face, at least a portion of the one of more vias being about 1 mm or larger in diameter; a monolithic metal body filling each of the one or more vias and having a uniform nanoporosity ranging from about 2% to about 30%, the monolithic metal body being formed from consolidation of a metal nanoparticle paste composition comprising metal nanoparticles coated with one or more surfactants, one or more organic solvents, and about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % micron-size particles;
wherein at least a portion of the one or more vias contain a reinforcement material that extends through at least a portion of the monolithic metal body; and
a heat sink upon at least one of the first face or the second face, the heat sink contacting each monolithic metal body. 20. The PCB of claim 19, wherein the monolithic metal body comprises copper and the metal nanoparticle paste composition comprises copper nanoparticles. | 2,800 |
343,509 | 16,802,938 | 2,859 | A method for authenticating to a network comprising a plurality of Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices is provided. The method may include using a mobile telephone apparatus, a wrist-worn apparatus and a head-worn apparatus to monitor the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator. One of the aforementioned apparatus may operate as a hub apparatus. The method may further include using the hub apparatus to assign a federated biometric marker based at least in part on the first, second and third biometric markers. The method may also include using artificial intelligence to monitor for one or more outliers with respect to historical monitoring. Each of the one or more outliers may include a magnitude that exceeds a security threshold difference between the current magnitude and the historically monitored magnitude. When the difference in magnitude exceeds a security threshold difference between the current magnitude and the historically monitored magnitude the method may quarantine apparatus associated with the outlier. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for authenticating to a network comprising a plurality of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the method comprising:
using a mobile telephone apparatus to monitor a first biometric marker, said first biometric marker indicating a level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; using an electronic wrist-worn apparatus to monitor a second biometric marker, said second biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; using an electronic head-worn apparatus to monitor a third biometric marker, said third biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator, using one of the mobile telephone apparatus, the electronic wrist-worn apparatus, and the electronic head-worn apparatus to operate as a hub apparatus, wherein: the mobile telephone apparatus is configured to transmit the first biometric marker to the hub apparatus; the electronic wrist-worn apparatus is configured to transmit the second biometric marker to the hub apparatus; and the electronic head-worn apparatus is configured to transmit the third biometric marker to the hub apparatus; 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first biometric marker consists of voice. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the second biometric marker consists wearer's pulse. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the third biometric marker consists of user's body temperature. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein when any one of the first biometric marker, the second biometric marker and the third biometric marker indicates a voice signature of a user, the voice signature is obtained using natural language processing. 29. The method of claim 24, further comprising, when a magnitude of a value assigned to the failure to match exceeds a security threshold, comparing each of measured levels of the non-matched item of the mobile telephone apparatus and the wrist-worn apparatus to a measured level of the non-matched item as measured by the electronic head-worn apparatus, and, when one of the measured levels of the non-matched item is matched by the electronic head-worn apparatus then the method may include quarantining the one of the mobile telephone apparatus and the electronic wrist-worn apparatus associated with the measured level of the non-matched item. 30. The method of claim 24 wherein the quarantining further comprises determining whether ramifications associated with the non-matched item relate to a life-threatening scenario and, if the ramifications associated with the non-matched item do not relate to a life-threatening scenario, then shutting down a non-critical aspect of the one of the mobile telephone apparatus and the electronic wrist-worn apparatus that measured the non-matched item. 31. The method of claim 30 further comprising a renewing monitoring of the first, second and third biometric markers following the shutting down the non-critical aspect, and, based on the renewing monitoring, for the one or more outliers, determining whether a pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred. 32. The method of claim 31 further comprising, when the pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred shutting down the apparatus associated with the value associated with the one or more outliers. 33. A method for authenticating to a network comprising a plurality of Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, the method comprising:
using a mobile telephone apparatus to monitor a first biometric marker, said first biometric marker indicating a level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
using an electronic wrist-worn apparatus to monitor a second biometric marker, said second biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
using an electronic head-worn apparatus to monitor a third biometric marker, said third biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising using the hub apparatus to assign a federated biometric marker based at least in part on the first, second and third biometric markers, said federated biometric marker presenting a multifactor authorization signal. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the first biometric marker consists of the voice. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the second biometric marker consists of a wearer's pulse. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein the third biometric marker consists of a user's body temperature. 38. The method of claim 33, wherein when any one of the first biometric marker, the second biometric marker and the third biometric marker indicates a voice signature of a user, the voice signature is obtained using natural language processing. 39. A multi-biometric-factor, internet of things (“IoT”), secured network system, the secured network system comprising a plurality of IoT devices, the secured network system comprising:
a first electronic, body-worn apparatus for monitoring a first biometric marker, said first biometric marker indicating a level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
a second electronic, body-worn, apparatus to monitor a second biometric marker, said second biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
a third electronic body-worn apparatus to monitor a third biometric marker, said third biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; 40. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein the first biometric marker consists of the voice. 41. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein the second biometric marker consists of a wearer's pulse. 42. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein the third biometric marker consists of a user's body temperature. 43. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein when any one of the first biometric marker, the second biometric marker and the third biometric marker indicates a voice signature of a user, the voice signature is obtained using natural language processing. 44. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein, when the failure to match exceeds a security threshold, then the hub apparatus compares the measured level of the non-matched item of the first electronic body-worn apparatus and the second electronic body-worn apparatus to a level as measured by the third electronic body-worn apparatus, and, wherein, when one of the measured levels of the non-matched item of the first electronic body-worn apparatus and the second electronic body-worn apparatus is matched by the third electronic body-worn apparatus, the system is configured to quarantine a non-matching one of the first electronic body-worn apparatus and the second electronic body-worn apparatus. 45. The secured network system of claim 39 wherein the quarantining further comprises determining whether ramifications associated with the non-matched item relate to a life-threatening scenario and, if the ramifications associated with the non-matched item do not relate to a life-threatening scenario, then shutting down a non-critical aspect of the one of the first body-worn apparatus and the second body-worn apparatus that measured the non-matched item. 46. The secured network system of claim 45 further comprising renewing monitoring of the first, second and third biometric markers following the shutting down the non-critical aspect of the one of the first body-worn apparatus and the second body-worn apparatus that measured the non-matched item, and, based on the renewing monitoring, for the one or more outliers, determining whether a pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred. 47. The secured network system of claim 46 further comprising, when the pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred shutting down the apparatus associated with the value associated with the one or more outliers. | A method for authenticating to a network comprising a plurality of Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices is provided. The method may include using a mobile telephone apparatus, a wrist-worn apparatus and a head-worn apparatus to monitor the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator. One of the aforementioned apparatus may operate as a hub apparatus. The method may further include using the hub apparatus to assign a federated biometric marker based at least in part on the first, second and third biometric markers. The method may also include using artificial intelligence to monitor for one or more outliers with respect to historical monitoring. Each of the one or more outliers may include a magnitude that exceeds a security threshold difference between the current magnitude and the historically monitored magnitude. When the difference in magnitude exceeds a security threshold difference between the current magnitude and the historically monitored magnitude the method may quarantine apparatus associated with the outlier.1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for authenticating to a network comprising a plurality of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the method comprising:
using a mobile telephone apparatus to monitor a first biometric marker, said first biometric marker indicating a level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; using an electronic wrist-worn apparatus to monitor a second biometric marker, said second biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; using an electronic head-worn apparatus to monitor a third biometric marker, said third biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator, using one of the mobile telephone apparatus, the electronic wrist-worn apparatus, and the electronic head-worn apparatus to operate as a hub apparatus, wherein: the mobile telephone apparatus is configured to transmit the first biometric marker to the hub apparatus; the electronic wrist-worn apparatus is configured to transmit the second biometric marker to the hub apparatus; and the electronic head-worn apparatus is configured to transmit the third biometric marker to the hub apparatus; 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first biometric marker consists of voice. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the second biometric marker consists wearer's pulse. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the third biometric marker consists of user's body temperature. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein when any one of the first biometric marker, the second biometric marker and the third biometric marker indicates a voice signature of a user, the voice signature is obtained using natural language processing. 29. The method of claim 24, further comprising, when a magnitude of a value assigned to the failure to match exceeds a security threshold, comparing each of measured levels of the non-matched item of the mobile telephone apparatus and the wrist-worn apparatus to a measured level of the non-matched item as measured by the electronic head-worn apparatus, and, when one of the measured levels of the non-matched item is matched by the electronic head-worn apparatus then the method may include quarantining the one of the mobile telephone apparatus and the electronic wrist-worn apparatus associated with the measured level of the non-matched item. 30. The method of claim 24 wherein the quarantining further comprises determining whether ramifications associated with the non-matched item relate to a life-threatening scenario and, if the ramifications associated with the non-matched item do not relate to a life-threatening scenario, then shutting down a non-critical aspect of the one of the mobile telephone apparatus and the electronic wrist-worn apparatus that measured the non-matched item. 31. The method of claim 30 further comprising a renewing monitoring of the first, second and third biometric markers following the shutting down the non-critical aspect, and, based on the renewing monitoring, for the one or more outliers, determining whether a pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred. 32. The method of claim 31 further comprising, when the pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred shutting down the apparatus associated with the value associated with the one or more outliers. 33. A method for authenticating to a network comprising a plurality of Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, the method comprising:
using a mobile telephone apparatus to monitor a first biometric marker, said first biometric marker indicating a level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
using an electronic wrist-worn apparatus to monitor a second biometric marker, said second biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
using an electronic head-worn apparatus to monitor a third biometric marker, said third biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising using the hub apparatus to assign a federated biometric marker based at least in part on the first, second and third biometric markers, said federated biometric marker presenting a multifactor authorization signal. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the first biometric marker consists of the voice. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the second biometric marker consists of a wearer's pulse. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein the third biometric marker consists of a user's body temperature. 38. The method of claim 33, wherein when any one of the first biometric marker, the second biometric marker and the third biometric marker indicates a voice signature of a user, the voice signature is obtained using natural language processing. 39. A multi-biometric-factor, internet of things (“IoT”), secured network system, the secured network system comprising a plurality of IoT devices, the secured network system comprising:
a first electronic, body-worn apparatus for monitoring a first biometric marker, said first biometric marker indicating a level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
a second electronic, body-worn, apparatus to monitor a second biometric marker, said second biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator;
a third electronic body-worn apparatus to monitor a third biometric marker, said third biometric marker indicating the level of at least one of a wearer's pulse, body temperature, voice, gait and/or other biorhythmic indicator; 40. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein the first biometric marker consists of the voice. 41. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein the second biometric marker consists of a wearer's pulse. 42. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein the third biometric marker consists of a user's body temperature. 43. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein when any one of the first biometric marker, the second biometric marker and the third biometric marker indicates a voice signature of a user, the voice signature is obtained using natural language processing. 44. The secured network system of claim 39, wherein, when the failure to match exceeds a security threshold, then the hub apparatus compares the measured level of the non-matched item of the first electronic body-worn apparatus and the second electronic body-worn apparatus to a level as measured by the third electronic body-worn apparatus, and, wherein, when one of the measured levels of the non-matched item of the first electronic body-worn apparatus and the second electronic body-worn apparatus is matched by the third electronic body-worn apparatus, the system is configured to quarantine a non-matching one of the first electronic body-worn apparatus and the second electronic body-worn apparatus. 45. The secured network system of claim 39 wherein the quarantining further comprises determining whether ramifications associated with the non-matched item relate to a life-threatening scenario and, if the ramifications associated with the non-matched item do not relate to a life-threatening scenario, then shutting down a non-critical aspect of the one of the first body-worn apparatus and the second body-worn apparatus that measured the non-matched item. 46. The secured network system of claim 45 further comprising renewing monitoring of the first, second and third biometric markers following the shutting down the non-critical aspect of the one of the first body-worn apparatus and the second body-worn apparatus that measured the non-matched item, and, based on the renewing monitoring, for the one or more outliers, determining whether a pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred. 47. The secured network system of claim 46 further comprising, when the pre-determined change in a value associated with the one or more outliers from prior to the shutting down occurred shutting down the apparatus associated with the value associated with the one or more outliers. | 2,800 |
343,510 | 16,802,951 | 2,859 | A gas storage canister exchange system at least includes at least one full-filled gas storage canister and at least one exchange cabinet. The full-filled gas storage canister is used to supply gas. The exchange cabinet has a storage space and an exchange interface. When a user wants to perform a gas storage canister exchange, an empty gas storage canister is placed on the exchange interface, then the empty gas storage canister is recycled by the exchange cabinet, then the full-filled gas storage canister is sent to the exchange interface and system information is updated simultaneously, and finally the full-filled gas storage canister is acquired by the user, thereby completing the gas storage canister exchange. The storage space is used to store the full-filled gas storage canister and/or the empty gas storage canister. The object of exchanging and managing gas storage canisters is achieved. | 1. A gas storage canister exchange system, at least comprising:
at least one full-filled gas storage canister used to supply gas; and at least one exchange cabinet having a storage space and an exchange interface, wherein when a user performs a gas storage canister exchange, at least one empty gas storage canister is first placed on the exchange interface, then the empty gas storage canister is recycled by the exchange cabinet, then the full-filled gas storage canister is sent to the exchange interface and a system information is updated simultaneously, and finally the full-filled gas storage canister is acquired by the user, thereby completing the gas storage canister exchange, and wherein the storage space is used to store the at least one full-filled gas storage canister and/or the at least one empty gas storage canister. 2. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 1, further comprising at least one user interface disposed on the exchange cabinet, wherein an identification label is disposed on the full-filled gas storage canister for accessing product-related information or storage data, and the identification label is a pattern, an image, an electronic label, a linear barcode, a two-dimensional barcode or a quick response code, wherein the exchange interface is used to provide an exchange, an acquirement and/or a recycle of a gas storage canister. 3. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 2, wherein each the exchange cabinet has a sensing component, the sensing component is used to read and write information of the identification label or provide a recognition of the gas storage canister and an identity of the user, and the sensing component is one of a barcode scanner, an electronic label reader and writer, a RFID reader and writer, a NFC interface, an electronic device having a reading function, an electronic device having a writing function, and an electronic device having reading and writing functions. 4. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein the sensing component determines whether the empty gas storage canister is certified, when the empty gas storage canister is certified, the empty gas storage canister is recycled by the exchange cabinet, and the full-filled gas storage canister is sent to the exchange interface and the system information is updated, so that the full-filled gas storage canister is acquired by the user, and when the empty gas storage canister is not certified, an error message is sent to ask the user to get the empty gas storage canister back or exchange another empty gas storage canister. 5. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a used amount of gas or fuel of the exchanged gas storage canister is calculated according to data read by the sensing component so as to charge the user or link to a cash flow system for requesting a payment or a debit, wherein the used amount of gas or fuel is calculated based on gas capacity, weight or flow of the gas storage canister. 6. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a related certification is provided by the user or certification data is entered by the user through the sensing component or the user interface so as to determine whether the user is certified. 7. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a related certification is provided by the user or certification data is entered by the user through the sensing component and/or the user interface so as to obtain an approval from a remote server or a cloud management system for acquiring the full-filled gas storage canister nearby without having a gas storage canister to be exchanged or directly having the empty gas storage canister recycled. 8. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 2, wherein the user interface is a transmission and display interface which is provided to the user for input and operation, and the user interface is connected with a remote server or a cloud management system through a transmission network so as to display a status and a related information between the gas storage canister, the gas storage canister exchange system, and the remote server or the cloud management system for uploading data and updating the system information. 9. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 1, wherein a gas storage canister storage information including a location of the gas storage canister exchange system and a number of exchangeable gas storage canisters are provided by connecting with a remote server or a cloud management system through a mobile application or a network. 10. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 1, further comprising a cloud management system, wherein the cloud management system includes at least one server used for receiving and sending messages, storage, computation, calculation, publishing or notification. 11. A logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle, comprising:
at least one gas storage canister exchange system, at least comprising at least one full-filled gas storage canister and at least one exchange cabinet, wherein the full-filled gas storage canister is used to supply gas, wherein the exchange cabinet has a storage space used to store the at least one full-filled gas storage canister and/or at least one empty gas storage canister, and wherein the exchange cabinet has an exchange interface used to provide a gas storage canister exchange, wherein when a storage amount of the full-filled gas storage canister of each the gas storage canister exchange system is less than a safe storage amount, a canister replenishment message is sent to the logistics management system and further sent to a logistics center after organization so as to perform a canister replenishment and recycle operation. 12. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 11, wherein the gas storage canister exchange system is combined with a local gas-filling station to directly perform a gas-filling operation or a canister exchange and replenishment operation, wherein the gas storage canister exchange system comprises at least one user interface, and the user interface is disposed on the exchange cabinet. 13. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 12, wherein the user interface is a transmission and display interface, and the user interface is connected with at least one remote server or at least one cloud management system through a transmission network so as to display a status and a related information between the gas storage canister, the gas storage canister exchange system, and the remote server or the cloud management system. 14. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 11, further comprising a cloud management system, wherein the cloud management system comprises at least one server used to receive and send messages. 15. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 11, wherein after the logistics center receives the canister replenishment message, the full-filled gas storage canister is delivered to designated gas storage canister exchange system to perform a canister replenishment operation through a replenishment operator with a logistics vehicle, and simultaneously the exchanged empty gas storage canister is delivered to a central gas-filling factory or station to be recycled, refilled and reused. 16. A cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange, at least comprising:
at least one gas storage canister exchange system used to perform a replenishment, an acquirement, an exchange and a recycle of gas storage canisters, wherein the gas storage canister exchange system at least comprises at least one full-filled gas storage canister and at least one exchange cabinet, wherein the full-filled gas storage canister is used to supply gas, wherein the exchange cabinet has a storage space used to store the at least one full-filled gas storage canister and/or at least one empty gas storage canister, wherein the exchange cabinet has an exchange interface used to provide a gas storage canister exchange, a cloud management device comprising at least one server used for receiving and sending messages, storage, computation, calculation, publishing or notification. 17. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 16, wherein when a storage amount of the full-filled gas storage canister of each the gas storage canister exchange system is less than a safe storage amount, a canister replenishment message is sent to the cloud management system, wherein after an organization by the cloud management system, the canister replenishment message is sent to a logistics management system to make a logistics center perform a canister replenishment and recycle operation, and wherein the gas storage canister exchange system further comprises at least one user interface, and the user interface is disposed on the exchange cabinet. 18. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 17, wherein a related certification is provided by the user or certification data is entered by the user through the sensing component or the user interface so as to obtain an approval from the cloud management system for acquiring the full-filled gas storage canister nearby without having a gas storage canister to be exchanged or directly having the empty gas storage canister recycled. 19. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 16, wherein a location and information of an exchangeable gas storage canister is provided through a mobile application or a login of a network connected with the cloud management system, so that a user is able to quickly arrive at the location to perform the gas storage canister exchange and obtain a related information. 20. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 16, wherein a gas storage canister exchange information is controlled and managed by the cloud management system, and simulations and analyses of usage mode, exchange frequency, ambient temperature, humidity, vehicle or non-vehicle information, driving mileage, historical record, and carbon reduction are performed based on the data received to implement control, management, and data analysis of the gas storage canister exchange information. | A gas storage canister exchange system at least includes at least one full-filled gas storage canister and at least one exchange cabinet. The full-filled gas storage canister is used to supply gas. The exchange cabinet has a storage space and an exchange interface. When a user wants to perform a gas storage canister exchange, an empty gas storage canister is placed on the exchange interface, then the empty gas storage canister is recycled by the exchange cabinet, then the full-filled gas storage canister is sent to the exchange interface and system information is updated simultaneously, and finally the full-filled gas storage canister is acquired by the user, thereby completing the gas storage canister exchange. The storage space is used to store the full-filled gas storage canister and/or the empty gas storage canister. The object of exchanging and managing gas storage canisters is achieved.1. A gas storage canister exchange system, at least comprising:
at least one full-filled gas storage canister used to supply gas; and at least one exchange cabinet having a storage space and an exchange interface, wherein when a user performs a gas storage canister exchange, at least one empty gas storage canister is first placed on the exchange interface, then the empty gas storage canister is recycled by the exchange cabinet, then the full-filled gas storage canister is sent to the exchange interface and a system information is updated simultaneously, and finally the full-filled gas storage canister is acquired by the user, thereby completing the gas storage canister exchange, and wherein the storage space is used to store the at least one full-filled gas storage canister and/or the at least one empty gas storage canister. 2. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 1, further comprising at least one user interface disposed on the exchange cabinet, wherein an identification label is disposed on the full-filled gas storage canister for accessing product-related information or storage data, and the identification label is a pattern, an image, an electronic label, a linear barcode, a two-dimensional barcode or a quick response code, wherein the exchange interface is used to provide an exchange, an acquirement and/or a recycle of a gas storage canister. 3. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 2, wherein each the exchange cabinet has a sensing component, the sensing component is used to read and write information of the identification label or provide a recognition of the gas storage canister and an identity of the user, and the sensing component is one of a barcode scanner, an electronic label reader and writer, a RFID reader and writer, a NFC interface, an electronic device having a reading function, an electronic device having a writing function, and an electronic device having reading and writing functions. 4. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein the sensing component determines whether the empty gas storage canister is certified, when the empty gas storage canister is certified, the empty gas storage canister is recycled by the exchange cabinet, and the full-filled gas storage canister is sent to the exchange interface and the system information is updated, so that the full-filled gas storage canister is acquired by the user, and when the empty gas storage canister is not certified, an error message is sent to ask the user to get the empty gas storage canister back or exchange another empty gas storage canister. 5. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a used amount of gas or fuel of the exchanged gas storage canister is calculated according to data read by the sensing component so as to charge the user or link to a cash flow system for requesting a payment or a debit, wherein the used amount of gas or fuel is calculated based on gas capacity, weight or flow of the gas storage canister. 6. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a related certification is provided by the user or certification data is entered by the user through the sensing component or the user interface so as to determine whether the user is certified. 7. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a related certification is provided by the user or certification data is entered by the user through the sensing component and/or the user interface so as to obtain an approval from a remote server or a cloud management system for acquiring the full-filled gas storage canister nearby without having a gas storage canister to be exchanged or directly having the empty gas storage canister recycled. 8. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 2, wherein the user interface is a transmission and display interface which is provided to the user for input and operation, and the user interface is connected with a remote server or a cloud management system through a transmission network so as to display a status and a related information between the gas storage canister, the gas storage canister exchange system, and the remote server or the cloud management system for uploading data and updating the system information. 9. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 1, wherein a gas storage canister storage information including a location of the gas storage canister exchange system and a number of exchangeable gas storage canisters are provided by connecting with a remote server or a cloud management system through a mobile application or a network. 10. The gas storage canister exchange system according to claim 1, further comprising a cloud management system, wherein the cloud management system includes at least one server used for receiving and sending messages, storage, computation, calculation, publishing or notification. 11. A logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle, comprising:
at least one gas storage canister exchange system, at least comprising at least one full-filled gas storage canister and at least one exchange cabinet, wherein the full-filled gas storage canister is used to supply gas, wherein the exchange cabinet has a storage space used to store the at least one full-filled gas storage canister and/or at least one empty gas storage canister, and wherein the exchange cabinet has an exchange interface used to provide a gas storage canister exchange, wherein when a storage amount of the full-filled gas storage canister of each the gas storage canister exchange system is less than a safe storage amount, a canister replenishment message is sent to the logistics management system and further sent to a logistics center after organization so as to perform a canister replenishment and recycle operation. 12. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 11, wherein the gas storage canister exchange system is combined with a local gas-filling station to directly perform a gas-filling operation or a canister exchange and replenishment operation, wherein the gas storage canister exchange system comprises at least one user interface, and the user interface is disposed on the exchange cabinet. 13. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 12, wherein the user interface is a transmission and display interface, and the user interface is connected with at least one remote server or at least one cloud management system through a transmission network so as to display a status and a related information between the gas storage canister, the gas storage canister exchange system, and the remote server or the cloud management system. 14. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 11, further comprising a cloud management system, wherein the cloud management system comprises at least one server used to receive and send messages. 15. The logistics management system of gas storage canister exchange, replenishment and recycle according to claim 11, wherein after the logistics center receives the canister replenishment message, the full-filled gas storage canister is delivered to designated gas storage canister exchange system to perform a canister replenishment operation through a replenishment operator with a logistics vehicle, and simultaneously the exchanged empty gas storage canister is delivered to a central gas-filling factory or station to be recycled, refilled and reused. 16. A cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange, at least comprising:
at least one gas storage canister exchange system used to perform a replenishment, an acquirement, an exchange and a recycle of gas storage canisters, wherein the gas storage canister exchange system at least comprises at least one full-filled gas storage canister and at least one exchange cabinet, wherein the full-filled gas storage canister is used to supply gas, wherein the exchange cabinet has a storage space used to store the at least one full-filled gas storage canister and/or at least one empty gas storage canister, wherein the exchange cabinet has an exchange interface used to provide a gas storage canister exchange, a cloud management device comprising at least one server used for receiving and sending messages, storage, computation, calculation, publishing or notification. 17. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 16, wherein when a storage amount of the full-filled gas storage canister of each the gas storage canister exchange system is less than a safe storage amount, a canister replenishment message is sent to the cloud management system, wherein after an organization by the cloud management system, the canister replenishment message is sent to a logistics management system to make a logistics center perform a canister replenishment and recycle operation, and wherein the gas storage canister exchange system further comprises at least one user interface, and the user interface is disposed on the exchange cabinet. 18. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 17, wherein a related certification is provided by the user or certification data is entered by the user through the sensing component or the user interface so as to obtain an approval from the cloud management system for acquiring the full-filled gas storage canister nearby without having a gas storage canister to be exchanged or directly having the empty gas storage canister recycled. 19. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 16, wherein a location and information of an exchangeable gas storage canister is provided through a mobile application or a login of a network connected with the cloud management system, so that a user is able to quickly arrive at the location to perform the gas storage canister exchange and obtain a related information. 20. The cloud management system of gas storage canister exchange according to claim 16, wherein a gas storage canister exchange information is controlled and managed by the cloud management system, and simulations and analyses of usage mode, exchange frequency, ambient temperature, humidity, vehicle or non-vehicle information, driving mileage, historical record, and carbon reduction are performed based on the data received to implement control, management, and data analysis of the gas storage canister exchange information. | 2,800 |
343,511 | 16,802,930 | 2,661 | A motion detecting section 30 detects the attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on the head of a user. A visual line direction determining section 32 determines a visual line direction in accordance with the detected attitude of the head-mounted display device. An image generating section 34 generates an image based on the determined visual line direction. An image providing section 36 provides the head-mounted display device with the generated image. An instruction acquiring section 24 acquires from an input device 6 an instruction to switch the visual line direction. When the instruction acquiring section 24 acquires the switching instruction, the visual line direction determining section 32 changes the visual line direction by a predetermined angle. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a detecting section configured to detect an attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on a head of a user; a visual line direction determining section configured to determine a visual line direction in accordance with the attitude of the head-mounted display device detected by the detecting section; an image generating section configured to generate an image based on the determined visual line direction; and an image providing section configured to provide the head-mounted display device with the generated image, wherein the visual line direction determining section determines the visual line direction in such a manner that a rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal reference direction is inverted. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the visual line direction determining section determines the visual line direction in such a manner that the rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to the horizontal reference direction is rotated by 180 degrees. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the detecting section detects the rotation angle of the head-mounted display device relative to the horizontal reference direction and an inclination angle of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal plane, and the visual line direction determining section matches the inclination angle of the visual line direction to the detected inclination angle. 4. An image generating method comprising:
detecting an attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on a head of a user; determining a visual line direction in accordance with the detected attitude of the head-mounted display device; and generating an image based on the determined visual line direction, wherein the determining the visual line direction determines the visual line direction in such a manner that a rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal reference direction is inverted. 5. A program for a computer, comprising:
detecting, by a detecting section, an attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on a head of a user; determining, by a visual line direction determining section, a visual line direction in accordance with the detected attitude of the head-mounted display device; and generating, by an image generating section, an image based on the determined visual line direction, wherein the determining the visual line direction determines the visual line direction in such a manner that a rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal reference direction is inverted. | A motion detecting section 30 detects the attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on the head of a user. A visual line direction determining section 32 determines a visual line direction in accordance with the detected attitude of the head-mounted display device. An image generating section 34 generates an image based on the determined visual line direction. An image providing section 36 provides the head-mounted display device with the generated image. An instruction acquiring section 24 acquires from an input device 6 an instruction to switch the visual line direction. When the instruction acquiring section 24 acquires the switching instruction, the visual line direction determining section 32 changes the visual line direction by a predetermined angle.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a detecting section configured to detect an attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on a head of a user; a visual line direction determining section configured to determine a visual line direction in accordance with the attitude of the head-mounted display device detected by the detecting section; an image generating section configured to generate an image based on the determined visual line direction; and an image providing section configured to provide the head-mounted display device with the generated image, wherein the visual line direction determining section determines the visual line direction in such a manner that a rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal reference direction is inverted. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the visual line direction determining section determines the visual line direction in such a manner that the rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to the horizontal reference direction is rotated by 180 degrees. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the detecting section detects the rotation angle of the head-mounted display device relative to the horizontal reference direction and an inclination angle of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal plane, and the visual line direction determining section matches the inclination angle of the visual line direction to the detected inclination angle. 4. An image generating method comprising:
detecting an attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on a head of a user; determining a visual line direction in accordance with the detected attitude of the head-mounted display device; and generating an image based on the determined visual line direction, wherein the determining the visual line direction determines the visual line direction in such a manner that a rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal reference direction is inverted. 5. A program for a computer, comprising:
detecting, by a detecting section, an attitude of a head-mounted display device worn on a head of a user; determining, by a visual line direction determining section, a visual line direction in accordance with the detected attitude of the head-mounted display device; and generating, by an image generating section, an image based on the determined visual line direction, wherein the determining the visual line direction determines the visual line direction in such a manner that a rotation angle detected of the head-mounted display device relative to a horizontal reference direction is inverted. | 2,600 |
343,512 | 16,802,924 | 2,661 | A method for operating a packaging machine comprising a work station with an exchangeable tool. A control device may be integrated into the tool. When the tool is in a state of the tool installed into the work station, the control device may regulate a temperature of the tool based on an operating temperature target specification by suitably supplying a heating device integrated into the tool with electrical power. Further, when the tool is in a state removed from the work station, the tool may be connected to an external power supply, and the control device may regulate the temperature of the tool based on a preheating temperature target specification by suitably supplying the heating device with electrical power provided by the external power supply. | 1. A method for operating a packaging machine comprising a work station with an exchangeable tool comprising the steps of:
providing a control device integrated into said exchangeable tool, wherein said exchangeable tool is moveable between a state installed into said work station and a state removed from said work station; wherein:
when said exchangeable tool is in the state installed into said work station, regulating a temperature of said exchangeable tool based on an operating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying a heating device integrated into said exchangeable tool with electrical power; and
when said exchangeable tool is in the state removed from said work station, connecting said exchangeable tool to an external power supply and regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on a preheating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying said heating device with electrical power provided by said external power supply. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said external power supply provides said exchangeable tool with electrical heating power, and wherein said external power supply does not provide control or regulating signals. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said preheating temperature target specification of said control device is specified by a machine control device of said packaging machine prior to positioning the exchangeable tool in the state removed from said work station. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said preheating temperature target specification of said control device is available as a preset specification. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control device comprises a memory and said preheating temperature target specification is stored in said memory. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control device is put in a preheating mode by a machine control device of said packaging machine prior to moving said exchangeable tool from said work station into the state removed from the work station and wherein after connecting to said external power supply, said control device detects that it is in the preheating mode and starts regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on said preheating temperature target specification. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein after connecting to said external power supply, said control device detects that there is no communication connection to a machine control device of said packaging machine, and then starts regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on said preheating temperature target specification. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said operating temperature target specification of said control device is specified by a machine control device of said packaging machine. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control device in said state of said exchangeable tool installed into said work station is in electronic communication with a machine control device of said packaging machine using a communication bus system. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said work station is a sealing station and said exchangeable tool is a heatable sealing tool for sealing a filled packaging by sealing on a top film. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said work station is a forming station and said exchangeable tool is a heatable forming tool for forming packaging trays into a lower film web by thermoforming. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said packaging machine is one of a thermoforming packaging machine or a tray sealer. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor is additionally integrated into said exchangeable tool, and said control device uses a measured value of a temperature provided by said temperature sensor for regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said temperature sensor and said control device are integrated into said exchangeable tool as a joint module. 15. A method for operating a packaging machine comprising a work station with an exchangeable tool comprising the steps of:
providing a control device integrated into said exchangeable tool; positioning said exchangeable tool in a state installed into said work station; regulating a temperature of said exchangeable tool based on an operating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying a heating device integrated into said exchangeable tool with electrical power when said exchangeable tool is in a state installed into said work station; moving said exchangeable tool from said work station in to a state removed from said work station; connecting said exchangeable tool to an external power supply when said exchangeable tool is in the state removed from said work station; and regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on a preheating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying said heating device with electrical power provided by said external power supply when said exchangeable tool is in a state removed from said work station. | A method for operating a packaging machine comprising a work station with an exchangeable tool. A control device may be integrated into the tool. When the tool is in a state of the tool installed into the work station, the control device may regulate a temperature of the tool based on an operating temperature target specification by suitably supplying a heating device integrated into the tool with electrical power. Further, when the tool is in a state removed from the work station, the tool may be connected to an external power supply, and the control device may regulate the temperature of the tool based on a preheating temperature target specification by suitably supplying the heating device with electrical power provided by the external power supply.1. A method for operating a packaging machine comprising a work station with an exchangeable tool comprising the steps of:
providing a control device integrated into said exchangeable tool, wherein said exchangeable tool is moveable between a state installed into said work station and a state removed from said work station; wherein:
when said exchangeable tool is in the state installed into said work station, regulating a temperature of said exchangeable tool based on an operating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying a heating device integrated into said exchangeable tool with electrical power; and
when said exchangeable tool is in the state removed from said work station, connecting said exchangeable tool to an external power supply and regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on a preheating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying said heating device with electrical power provided by said external power supply. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said external power supply provides said exchangeable tool with electrical heating power, and wherein said external power supply does not provide control or regulating signals. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said preheating temperature target specification of said control device is specified by a machine control device of said packaging machine prior to positioning the exchangeable tool in the state removed from said work station. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said preheating temperature target specification of said control device is available as a preset specification. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control device comprises a memory and said preheating temperature target specification is stored in said memory. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control device is put in a preheating mode by a machine control device of said packaging machine prior to moving said exchangeable tool from said work station into the state removed from the work station and wherein after connecting to said external power supply, said control device detects that it is in the preheating mode and starts regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on said preheating temperature target specification. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein after connecting to said external power supply, said control device detects that there is no communication connection to a machine control device of said packaging machine, and then starts regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on said preheating temperature target specification. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said operating temperature target specification of said control device is specified by a machine control device of said packaging machine. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control device in said state of said exchangeable tool installed into said work station is in electronic communication with a machine control device of said packaging machine using a communication bus system. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said work station is a sealing station and said exchangeable tool is a heatable sealing tool for sealing a filled packaging by sealing on a top film. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said work station is a forming station and said exchangeable tool is a heatable forming tool for forming packaging trays into a lower film web by thermoforming. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said packaging machine is one of a thermoforming packaging machine or a tray sealer. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor is additionally integrated into said exchangeable tool, and said control device uses a measured value of a temperature provided by said temperature sensor for regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said temperature sensor and said control device are integrated into said exchangeable tool as a joint module. 15. A method for operating a packaging machine comprising a work station with an exchangeable tool comprising the steps of:
providing a control device integrated into said exchangeable tool; positioning said exchangeable tool in a state installed into said work station; regulating a temperature of said exchangeable tool based on an operating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying a heating device integrated into said exchangeable tool with electrical power when said exchangeable tool is in a state installed into said work station; moving said exchangeable tool from said work station in to a state removed from said work station; connecting said exchangeable tool to an external power supply when said exchangeable tool is in the state removed from said work station; and regulating said temperature of said exchangeable tool based on a preheating temperature target specification using said control device by suitably supplying said heating device with electrical power provided by said external power supply when said exchangeable tool is in a state removed from said work station. | 2,600 |
343,513 | 16,802,918 | 2,661 | Embodiments of the technology described herein are based upon the discoveries that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide a stimulus for thrombus formation and that NETs are present in stored blood products. Accordingly, some embodiments relate to methods of treating and preventing toxicity of NETs and thrombosis caused by NETs. Additional embodiments are directed towards methods of treating stored blood products to prevent transfusion-related injuries. | 1. A method of treating a condition associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) comprising administering to a patient an effective dose of at least one anti-NET compound; wherein the anti-NET compound is selected from the group consisting of:
DNase; RNAse; a histone-degrading enzyme; an inhibitor of chromatin decondensation; an antibody against a component of a NET; and a PAD4 inhibitor; wherein the condition associated with NETs is selected from the group consisting of: a cardiovascular condition; stroke; ischemic reperfusion; myocardial infarction; inflammation; thrombosis; deep vein thrombosis; sickle cell disease, TRALI and acute lung injury; and wherein the subject has cancer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the PAD4 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
Cl-amidine and F-amidine. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said effective dose of anti-NET compound is administered prophylactically. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said effective dose of anti-NET compound is given repeatedly. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is further administered an anti-thrombotic treatment. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the anti-thrombotic treatment is selected from the group consisting of:
heparin; tPA; anistreplase; streptokinase; urokinase; a coumadin; warfarin; idraparinux; fondaparinux; aspririn; a adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor; a glycoprotein IIB/IIA inhibitor; a adenosine reuptake inhibitor; and a thromboxane receptor antagonist. 7. A method of treating or decreasing the likelihood of occurrence of a condition associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) comprising administering to a patient an effective dose of a DNase; wherein the condition associated with NETs is selected from the group consisting of:
pulmonary embolism; deep vein thrombosis; and TRALI and wherein the subject has cancer. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said effective dose of DNase is administered prophylactically. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said effective dose of DNase is given repeatedly. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the subject is further administered an anti-thrombotic treatment. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the anti-thrombotic treatment is selected from the group consisting of:
heparin; tPA; anistreplase; streptokinase; urokinase; a coumadin; warfarin; idraparinux; fondaparinux; aspririn; a adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor; a glycoprotein IIB/IIA inhibitor; a adenosine reuptake inhibitor; and a thromboxane receptor antagonist. 12. A device which contains an effective amount of at least one anti-NET compound wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of: a blood collection device, a blood storage device, and a blood delivery device. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the anti-NET compound is selected from the group consisting of:
DNase; RNAse; a histone-degrading enzyme; an inhibitor of chromatin decondensation; an antibody against a component of a NET; an elastase inhibitor; and a PAD4 inhibitor. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the anti-NET compound is DNase. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the anti-NET compound is a PAD4 inhibitor. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the PAD4 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
Cl-amidine and F-amidine. 17. The device of claim 12, wherein the device is a blood bag having an interior volume of at least 75 mL and not greater than 2000 mL. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the device is a filter contained in a tube which provides a means to move blood to or from a blood bag. 19. The device of claim 12, further comprising a blood product. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the blood product is to be used for transfusion and is not frozen. 21. The device of claim 19, wherein the blood product is selected from the group consisting of: whole blood, red blood cells, blood plasma and platelets. | Embodiments of the technology described herein are based upon the discoveries that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide a stimulus for thrombus formation and that NETs are present in stored blood products. Accordingly, some embodiments relate to methods of treating and preventing toxicity of NETs and thrombosis caused by NETs. Additional embodiments are directed towards methods of treating stored blood products to prevent transfusion-related injuries.1. A method of treating a condition associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) comprising administering to a patient an effective dose of at least one anti-NET compound; wherein the anti-NET compound is selected from the group consisting of:
DNase; RNAse; a histone-degrading enzyme; an inhibitor of chromatin decondensation; an antibody against a component of a NET; and a PAD4 inhibitor; wherein the condition associated with NETs is selected from the group consisting of: a cardiovascular condition; stroke; ischemic reperfusion; myocardial infarction; inflammation; thrombosis; deep vein thrombosis; sickle cell disease, TRALI and acute lung injury; and wherein the subject has cancer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the PAD4 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
Cl-amidine and F-amidine. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said effective dose of anti-NET compound is administered prophylactically. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said effective dose of anti-NET compound is given repeatedly. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is further administered an anti-thrombotic treatment. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the anti-thrombotic treatment is selected from the group consisting of:
heparin; tPA; anistreplase; streptokinase; urokinase; a coumadin; warfarin; idraparinux; fondaparinux; aspririn; a adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor; a glycoprotein IIB/IIA inhibitor; a adenosine reuptake inhibitor; and a thromboxane receptor antagonist. 7. A method of treating or decreasing the likelihood of occurrence of a condition associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) comprising administering to a patient an effective dose of a DNase; wherein the condition associated with NETs is selected from the group consisting of:
pulmonary embolism; deep vein thrombosis; and TRALI and wherein the subject has cancer. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said effective dose of DNase is administered prophylactically. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said effective dose of DNase is given repeatedly. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the subject is further administered an anti-thrombotic treatment. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the anti-thrombotic treatment is selected from the group consisting of:
heparin; tPA; anistreplase; streptokinase; urokinase; a coumadin; warfarin; idraparinux; fondaparinux; aspririn; a adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor; a glycoprotein IIB/IIA inhibitor; a adenosine reuptake inhibitor; and a thromboxane receptor antagonist. 12. A device which contains an effective amount of at least one anti-NET compound wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of: a blood collection device, a blood storage device, and a blood delivery device. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the anti-NET compound is selected from the group consisting of:
DNase; RNAse; a histone-degrading enzyme; an inhibitor of chromatin decondensation; an antibody against a component of a NET; an elastase inhibitor; and a PAD4 inhibitor. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the anti-NET compound is DNase. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the anti-NET compound is a PAD4 inhibitor. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the PAD4 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
Cl-amidine and F-amidine. 17. The device of claim 12, wherein the device is a blood bag having an interior volume of at least 75 mL and not greater than 2000 mL. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the device is a filter contained in a tube which provides a means to move blood to or from a blood bag. 19. The device of claim 12, further comprising a blood product. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the blood product is to be used for transfusion and is not frozen. 21. The device of claim 19, wherein the blood product is selected from the group consisting of: whole blood, red blood cells, blood plasma and platelets. | 2,600 |
343,514 | 16,802,943 | 2,661 | Provided is a glass-type electronic device, including a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer and having a reflection region formed in a first area, and an optical driving assembly for emitting light corresponding to a content image to the reflection region of the binocular lens. The optical driving assembly includes an image source panel for generating light corresponding to the content image, an emitting lens group for transmitting the generated light to determine an emitting angle and a focal length of the light, and a reflective mirror for reflecting the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection region. The emitting lens group is provided in a transverse central area. The emitting lens group unit, the reflective mirror, the reflection region, and an eye of the wearer are sequentially positioned with respect to a transverse direction. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer and having a reflection region formed in a first area; and an optical driving assembly configured to emit light corresponding to a content image to the reflection region of the binocular lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to the content image;
an emitting lens group configured to adjust an emitting angle and a focal length of the generated light; and
a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection region,
wherein the emitting lens group is provided in a transverse central area, and wherein the emitting lens group, the reflective mirror, the reflection region, and one of the eyes of the wearer are sequentially positioned with respect to a transverse direction of the electronic device. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned at a same height as a reflection center of the reflective mirror. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, further comprising an electronic component case including the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror,
wherein the exit surface of the emitting lens group is provided within the electronic component case. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned lower than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned higher than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the center of the exit surface of the emitting lens group, the reflection center of the reflective mirror, and a reflection center of the reflection region are located on a straight line, as viewed from a front side of the electronic device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, with respect to a vertical plane passing through a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group and a center of the reflection region, a direction vector of the light emitted from the emitting lens group has a rearward component and a direction vector of the light reflected by the reflection mirror has a forward component. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein, as viewed from an upper surface of the electronic device, the center of the reflective mirror is located on a center axis of a plurality of lenses of the emitting lens group, and
wherein the plurality of lenses of the lens emitting group are stacked. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, as viewed from the upper surface of the electronic device, wherein a stacking direction of the plurality of lens of the emitting lens group is parallel to the transverse direction of the electronic device. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the binocular lens comprises an optically transparent material, and
wherein the binocular lens is coated at the reflection region with a reflective material that reflects at least a portion of light. 11. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein an angle of incidence of light incident on a reflection center of the reflection region is approximately 45 degrees or less. 12. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens frame including a front frame and side frames, the side frames being configured to be supported by a wearer's ears; a binocular lens assembly including a first lens and a second lens, each of the first lens and the second lens including a reflection region provided in a first area and an optically transparent region provided in a second area; and an optical driving assembly connected to the front frame between the first lens and the second lens, and configured to emit light corresponding to a content image to at least one of the reflection regions of the first lens and the second lens. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to the content image; an emitting lens group configured to adjust an emitting angle and a focal length of the generated light; and a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection regions of the first lens and the second lens, and wherein the light is reflected from the reflection regions of the first lens and the second lens to arrive at the eyes of the wearer. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein an angle of incidence on the first lens and the second lens is less than 45 degrees to minimize obstruction to a field of view of the wearer. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned at a same height as a reflection center of the reflective mirror. 16. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising an electronic component case including the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror,
wherein the exit surface of the emitting lens group is provided within the electronic component case. 17. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned lower than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 18. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned higher than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the emitting lens group includes a plurality of lenses stacked along an optical axis. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens frame including a front frame and side frames, the side frames being configured to be supported by a wearer's ears; a binocular lens assembly including a first lens and a second lens, the first lens includes a reflection region provided in a first area and an optically transparent region provided in a second area, and an entirety of the second lens is optically transparent; and an optical driving assembly connected to the front frame and configured to emit light corresponding to a content image to the reflection region of the first lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to the content image;
an emitting lens group configured to transmit the generated light to determine an emitting angle and a focal length of the light; and
a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection region of the first lens, and
wherein the light is reflected from the reflection region of the first lens to arrive at an eye of the wearer, and wherein the angle of incidence on the first lens is less than 45 degrees to minimize obstruction to a field of view of the wearer. | Provided is a glass-type electronic device, including a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer and having a reflection region formed in a first area, and an optical driving assembly for emitting light corresponding to a content image to the reflection region of the binocular lens. The optical driving assembly includes an image source panel for generating light corresponding to the content image, an emitting lens group for transmitting the generated light to determine an emitting angle and a focal length of the light, and a reflective mirror for reflecting the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection region. The emitting lens group is provided in a transverse central area. The emitting lens group unit, the reflective mirror, the reflection region, and an eye of the wearer are sequentially positioned with respect to a transverse direction.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer and having a reflection region formed in a first area; and an optical driving assembly configured to emit light corresponding to a content image to the reflection region of the binocular lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to the content image;
an emitting lens group configured to adjust an emitting angle and a focal length of the generated light; and
a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection region,
wherein the emitting lens group is provided in a transverse central area, and wherein the emitting lens group, the reflective mirror, the reflection region, and one of the eyes of the wearer are sequentially positioned with respect to a transverse direction of the electronic device. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned at a same height as a reflection center of the reflective mirror. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, further comprising an electronic component case including the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror,
wherein the exit surface of the emitting lens group is provided within the electronic component case. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned lower than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned higher than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the center of the exit surface of the emitting lens group, the reflection center of the reflective mirror, and a reflection center of the reflection region are located on a straight line, as viewed from a front side of the electronic device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, with respect to a vertical plane passing through a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group and a center of the reflection region, a direction vector of the light emitted from the emitting lens group has a rearward component and a direction vector of the light reflected by the reflection mirror has a forward component. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein, as viewed from an upper surface of the electronic device, the center of the reflective mirror is located on a center axis of a plurality of lenses of the emitting lens group, and
wherein the plurality of lenses of the lens emitting group are stacked. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, as viewed from the upper surface of the electronic device, wherein a stacking direction of the plurality of lens of the emitting lens group is parallel to the transverse direction of the electronic device. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the binocular lens comprises an optically transparent material, and
wherein the binocular lens is coated at the reflection region with a reflective material that reflects at least a portion of light. 11. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein an angle of incidence of light incident on a reflection center of the reflection region is approximately 45 degrees or less. 12. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens frame including a front frame and side frames, the side frames being configured to be supported by a wearer's ears; a binocular lens assembly including a first lens and a second lens, each of the first lens and the second lens including a reflection region provided in a first area and an optically transparent region provided in a second area; and an optical driving assembly connected to the front frame between the first lens and the second lens, and configured to emit light corresponding to a content image to at least one of the reflection regions of the first lens and the second lens. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to the content image; an emitting lens group configured to adjust an emitting angle and a focal length of the generated light; and a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection regions of the first lens and the second lens, and wherein the light is reflected from the reflection regions of the first lens and the second lens to arrive at the eyes of the wearer. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein an angle of incidence on the first lens and the second lens is less than 45 degrees to minimize obstruction to a field of view of the wearer. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned at a same height as a reflection center of the reflective mirror. 16. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising an electronic component case including the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror,
wherein the exit surface of the emitting lens group is provided within the electronic component case. 17. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned lower than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 18. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group is positioned higher than a reflection center of the reflective mirror, and
wherein the emitting lens group is a free-form lens. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the emitting lens group includes a plurality of lenses stacked along an optical axis. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens frame including a front frame and side frames, the side frames being configured to be supported by a wearer's ears; a binocular lens assembly including a first lens and a second lens, the first lens includes a reflection region provided in a first area and an optically transparent region provided in a second area, and an entirety of the second lens is optically transparent; and an optical driving assembly connected to the front frame and configured to emit light corresponding to a content image to the reflection region of the first lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to the content image;
an emitting lens group configured to transmit the generated light to determine an emitting angle and a focal length of the light; and
a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted through the emitting lens group, to the reflection region of the first lens, and
wherein the light is reflected from the reflection region of the first lens to arrive at an eye of the wearer, and wherein the angle of incidence on the first lens is less than 45 degrees to minimize obstruction to a field of view of the wearer. | 2,600 |
343,515 | 16,802,953 | 2,661 | A door lock includes a lock with a latch. An inside face plate and an outside face plate of the door lock are respectively mounted to an inside plate and an outside plate of the door lock. A washer plate is sandwiched between the inside face plate and the outside face plate. An inside cylinder and an outside cylinder are connected between the inside plate and the outside plate. An inside collar is connected between the inside face plate and the inside cylinder, and an outside collar is connected between the outside face plate and the outside cylinder. When the door lock is set in ready-to-open mold, the door can be opened by either rotating the shafts or the door handle by one hand. When the door lock is set in locked mold, the door cannot be opened by simply rotating the door handle. | 1. A door lock comprising:
a lock (1) having a base (11), a cover (12), a latch unit (13), an expansion spring (170), a link (14), a compression spring (171), a first drive member (15), a second drive member (16) and a torsion spring (172); the base (11) having a bottom plate (110) with two lateral plates (116), one front plate (117) and one rear plate (118) respectively extending from four sides of the bottom plate (110), the bottom plate (110) including a first bore (111) and a second bore (112) defined therethrough, multiple rods (113) extending from a top face of the bottom plate (110), each rod (113) having a threaded hole (114) defined in a distal end thereof, two first slots (115) respectively defined in two sides of the bottom plate (110); the cover (12) including a through hole (121) through which the rods (113) extend, the cover (12) having a third bore (122) and a fourth bore (123) respectively defined therethrough, the third bore (122) located corresponding to the first bore (111), the fourth bore (123) located corresponding to the second bore (112), the cover (12) including two second slots (124) respectively in two sides thereof, the two second slots (124) located corresponding to the first slots (115), the cover (12) being connected to the base (11) to form a room (A) therebetween, the latch unit (13), the link (14), the first drive member (15), the second drive member (16), the expansion spring (170), the compression spring (171) and the torsion spring (172) being accommodated within the room (A); the latch unit (13) including a latch (130) and an extension portion (131) that is connected to the latch (130), the extension portion (131) including a positioning portion (132) to which one end of the expansion spring (170) is hooked, a recess (133) defined in a distal end of the extension portion (131) and a notch (134) defined in one of two insides of the recess (133), a push ramp (135) formed adjacent to the notch (134), the extension portion (131) including a restriction slot (136) with which a protrusion (141) extending from the link (14) is engaged, the expansion portion (131) including a lug (137) which is located in the restriction slot (136) and separates the restriction slot (136) into two recessed areas which communicate with each other, when the latch unit (13) moves, the protrusion (141) moves from one recesses area to another one of the two recessed areas by guidance of the lug (137); the link (14) including a pivotal hole (140) through which one of the rods (113) extends, the protrusion (141) extending from the link (14) and engaged with the first and second slots (115, 124) and the restriction slot (136), the link (14) including a guide portion (143) to which the first drive member (15) pushes; the first drive member (15) including a restriction hole (150) and a top portion (151), the top portion (151) pushing the guide portion (143) to move the link (14), a bolt (90) extending through the restriction hole (150) of the first drive (15) and connected to the first and second cylinders (53, 53′) so that fist drive member (15) is co-rotated with the first and second cylinders (53, 53′); the second drive member (16) including a tube (160) which extends through the second bore (112) and the fourth bore (123), two push portions (161) formed on a first end of the second drive (16) so as to push the latch unit (13), a key part (162) formed on a second end of the second drive member (16) so as to shift the torsion spring (172), the tube (160) including a rectangular hole (163), a door handle (85) connected to the rectangular hole (163) so that the second drive member (16) is co-rotated with the door handle (85); the expansion spring (170) hooked between the rod (113) of the base (11) and the positioning portion (132) of the latch unit (130); the compression spring (171) biased between the restriction portion (142) of the link (14) and the lateral plate (116); the torsion spring (172) mounted to the tube (160) and having two legs which are crossly located two sides of the key part (162) of the second drive member (16) and two sides of the rear plate (118); an inside plate (2) including a first threaded hole (20) located corresponding to the third bore (122), a first hole (21) located corresponding to the fourth bore (123), a second hole (22) located corresponding to the through hole (121), a threaded aperture (23) through which a screw (91) threadedly extends, a first adjustment threaded hole (24) communicating with the first threaded hole (20), and a first restriction hole (25) in which a biasing spring (175) and an end piece (176) are received therein; an outside plate (2′) including a second threaded hole (20′) located corresponding to the first bore (111), a third hole (21′) located corresponding to the second bore (112), a fourth hole (22′) located corresponding to the threaded hole (114), a through hole (23′) located corresponding to the threaded aperture (23) of the inside plate (2), a second adjustment threaded hole (24′) communicating with the second threaded hole (20′), and a second restriction hole (25′) in which the biasing spring (175) and the end piece (176) are received therein; an inside face plate (3) including a first aperture (30) located corresponding to the first threaded hole (20), a second aperture (31) located corresponding to the first hole (21), a first cutout (34) located corresponding to the first adjustment threaded hole (24), and a first positioning hole (35) with which the end piece (176) is engaged; an outside face plate (3′) including a third aperture (30′) located corresponding to the second threaded hole (20′), a fourth aperture (31′) located corresponding to the third hole (21 ‘), a second cutout (34’) located corresponding to the second adjustment threaded hole (24′), and a second positioning hole (35′) with which the end piece (176) is engaged; a washer plate (4) clamped between the inside outside plate (2′) and the outside face plate (3′); an inside lock set (5) including a first threaded body (50) threadedly connected to the first threaded hole (20) of the inside plate (2), multiple first axial grooves (51) defined in the first threaded body (50), a first lip (52) extending outward from a top of the first threaded body (50), and a first cylinder (53) located in the first threaded body (50) so as to rotate the first threaded body (50); an outside lock set (5′) including a second threaded body (50′) threadedly connected to the second threaded hole (20′) of the outside plate (2′), multiple second axial grooves (51′) defined in the second threaded body (50′), a second lip (52′) extending outward from a top of the second threaded body (50′), and a second cylinder (53′) located in the second threaded body (50′) so as to rotate the second threaded body (50′); an inside collar (6) clamped between the inside face plate (3) and the inside lock set (5); an outside collar (6′) clamped between the outside face plate (3′) and the outside lock set (5′); wherein the first and second axial grooves (51, 51′) are located in front of the first and second adjustment threaded holes (24, 24′) so that two screw rods (92) respectively contact against an inside of the first and second axial grooves (51, 51′), the first drive member (15) controls movement of the latch unit (13) to adjust the latch (130) to be retracted and separated from door frame (80). 2. The door lock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the link (14) has a restriction portion (142) and one end of the compression spring (171) is positioned therein. 3. The door lock as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extension portion (131) and the latch (130) are formed as one piece. 4. The door lock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extension portion (131) is connected to one end of the latch (130) by bolts (90). 5. The door lock as claimed in claim 4, wherein the extension portion (131) is a single plate. 6. The door lock as claimed in claim 4, wherein the extension portion (131) includes two identical plates which are connected to a top and a bottom of one end of the latch (130) by bolts (90). | A door lock includes a lock with a latch. An inside face plate and an outside face plate of the door lock are respectively mounted to an inside plate and an outside plate of the door lock. A washer plate is sandwiched between the inside face plate and the outside face plate. An inside cylinder and an outside cylinder are connected between the inside plate and the outside plate. An inside collar is connected between the inside face plate and the inside cylinder, and an outside collar is connected between the outside face plate and the outside cylinder. When the door lock is set in ready-to-open mold, the door can be opened by either rotating the shafts or the door handle by one hand. When the door lock is set in locked mold, the door cannot be opened by simply rotating the door handle.1. A door lock comprising:
a lock (1) having a base (11), a cover (12), a latch unit (13), an expansion spring (170), a link (14), a compression spring (171), a first drive member (15), a second drive member (16) and a torsion spring (172); the base (11) having a bottom plate (110) with two lateral plates (116), one front plate (117) and one rear plate (118) respectively extending from four sides of the bottom plate (110), the bottom plate (110) including a first bore (111) and a second bore (112) defined therethrough, multiple rods (113) extending from a top face of the bottom plate (110), each rod (113) having a threaded hole (114) defined in a distal end thereof, two first slots (115) respectively defined in two sides of the bottom plate (110); the cover (12) including a through hole (121) through which the rods (113) extend, the cover (12) having a third bore (122) and a fourth bore (123) respectively defined therethrough, the third bore (122) located corresponding to the first bore (111), the fourth bore (123) located corresponding to the second bore (112), the cover (12) including two second slots (124) respectively in two sides thereof, the two second slots (124) located corresponding to the first slots (115), the cover (12) being connected to the base (11) to form a room (A) therebetween, the latch unit (13), the link (14), the first drive member (15), the second drive member (16), the expansion spring (170), the compression spring (171) and the torsion spring (172) being accommodated within the room (A); the latch unit (13) including a latch (130) and an extension portion (131) that is connected to the latch (130), the extension portion (131) including a positioning portion (132) to which one end of the expansion spring (170) is hooked, a recess (133) defined in a distal end of the extension portion (131) and a notch (134) defined in one of two insides of the recess (133), a push ramp (135) formed adjacent to the notch (134), the extension portion (131) including a restriction slot (136) with which a protrusion (141) extending from the link (14) is engaged, the expansion portion (131) including a lug (137) which is located in the restriction slot (136) and separates the restriction slot (136) into two recessed areas which communicate with each other, when the latch unit (13) moves, the protrusion (141) moves from one recesses area to another one of the two recessed areas by guidance of the lug (137); the link (14) including a pivotal hole (140) through which one of the rods (113) extends, the protrusion (141) extending from the link (14) and engaged with the first and second slots (115, 124) and the restriction slot (136), the link (14) including a guide portion (143) to which the first drive member (15) pushes; the first drive member (15) including a restriction hole (150) and a top portion (151), the top portion (151) pushing the guide portion (143) to move the link (14), a bolt (90) extending through the restriction hole (150) of the first drive (15) and connected to the first and second cylinders (53, 53′) so that fist drive member (15) is co-rotated with the first and second cylinders (53, 53′); the second drive member (16) including a tube (160) which extends through the second bore (112) and the fourth bore (123), two push portions (161) formed on a first end of the second drive (16) so as to push the latch unit (13), a key part (162) formed on a second end of the second drive member (16) so as to shift the torsion spring (172), the tube (160) including a rectangular hole (163), a door handle (85) connected to the rectangular hole (163) so that the second drive member (16) is co-rotated with the door handle (85); the expansion spring (170) hooked between the rod (113) of the base (11) and the positioning portion (132) of the latch unit (130); the compression spring (171) biased between the restriction portion (142) of the link (14) and the lateral plate (116); the torsion spring (172) mounted to the tube (160) and having two legs which are crossly located two sides of the key part (162) of the second drive member (16) and two sides of the rear plate (118); an inside plate (2) including a first threaded hole (20) located corresponding to the third bore (122), a first hole (21) located corresponding to the fourth bore (123), a second hole (22) located corresponding to the through hole (121), a threaded aperture (23) through which a screw (91) threadedly extends, a first adjustment threaded hole (24) communicating with the first threaded hole (20), and a first restriction hole (25) in which a biasing spring (175) and an end piece (176) are received therein; an outside plate (2′) including a second threaded hole (20′) located corresponding to the first bore (111), a third hole (21′) located corresponding to the second bore (112), a fourth hole (22′) located corresponding to the threaded hole (114), a through hole (23′) located corresponding to the threaded aperture (23) of the inside plate (2), a second adjustment threaded hole (24′) communicating with the second threaded hole (20′), and a second restriction hole (25′) in which the biasing spring (175) and the end piece (176) are received therein; an inside face plate (3) including a first aperture (30) located corresponding to the first threaded hole (20), a second aperture (31) located corresponding to the first hole (21), a first cutout (34) located corresponding to the first adjustment threaded hole (24), and a first positioning hole (35) with which the end piece (176) is engaged; an outside face plate (3′) including a third aperture (30′) located corresponding to the second threaded hole (20′), a fourth aperture (31′) located corresponding to the third hole (21 ‘), a second cutout (34’) located corresponding to the second adjustment threaded hole (24′), and a second positioning hole (35′) with which the end piece (176) is engaged; a washer plate (4) clamped between the inside outside plate (2′) and the outside face plate (3′); an inside lock set (5) including a first threaded body (50) threadedly connected to the first threaded hole (20) of the inside plate (2), multiple first axial grooves (51) defined in the first threaded body (50), a first lip (52) extending outward from a top of the first threaded body (50), and a first cylinder (53) located in the first threaded body (50) so as to rotate the first threaded body (50); an outside lock set (5′) including a second threaded body (50′) threadedly connected to the second threaded hole (20′) of the outside plate (2′), multiple second axial grooves (51′) defined in the second threaded body (50′), a second lip (52′) extending outward from a top of the second threaded body (50′), and a second cylinder (53′) located in the second threaded body (50′) so as to rotate the second threaded body (50′); an inside collar (6) clamped between the inside face plate (3) and the inside lock set (5); an outside collar (6′) clamped between the outside face plate (3′) and the outside lock set (5′); wherein the first and second axial grooves (51, 51′) are located in front of the first and second adjustment threaded holes (24, 24′) so that two screw rods (92) respectively contact against an inside of the first and second axial grooves (51, 51′), the first drive member (15) controls movement of the latch unit (13) to adjust the latch (130) to be retracted and separated from door frame (80). 2. The door lock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the link (14) has a restriction portion (142) and one end of the compression spring (171) is positioned therein. 3. The door lock as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extension portion (131) and the latch (130) are formed as one piece. 4. The door lock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extension portion (131) is connected to one end of the latch (130) by bolts (90). 5. The door lock as claimed in claim 4, wherein the extension portion (131) is a single plate. 6. The door lock as claimed in claim 4, wherein the extension portion (131) includes two identical plates which are connected to a top and a bottom of one end of the latch (130) by bolts (90). | 2,600 |
343,516 | 16,802,929 | 2,661 | A micro light-emitting diode (LED) includes an epitaxial layered structure including a support layer, a first-type semiconductor element, an active layer, and a second-type semiconductor element that are sequentially disposed on one another in such order. A method for manufacturing a micro LED device including at least one of the micro LED is also disclosed. | 1. A light-emitting diode, comprising:
an epitaxial layered structure including a support layer, a first-type semiconductor element, an active layer, and a second-type semiconductor element that are sequentially disposed on one another in such order; a first electrode that is disposed on a surface of said first-type semiconductor element opposite to said support layer and that is electrically connected to said first-type semiconductor element; and a second electrode that is disposed on a surface of said second-type semiconductor element, opposite, to said active layer and that is electrically connected to said second-type semiconductor element. 2. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, further comprising:
a carrier substrate that is spaced apart from said epitaxial layered structure; and a securing layer that is formed with at least one pillar and that is disposed on said carrier substrate to connect said epitaxial layered structure to said carrier substrate through said at least one pillar. 3. The light-emitting diode according to claim 2, further comprising:
an insulating protective layer that is formed on and covers said epitaxial layered structure such that said first and second electrodes are exposed from said insulating protective layer; a first extension electrode that is electrically connected to said first electrode and that extends away from said first electrode and toward said second-type semiconductor element along said insulating protective layer; and a second extension electrode that is electrically connected to said second electrode and that extends away from said second electrode along said insulating protective layer. 4. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said support layer has a thickness equal to or greater than 500 nm. 5. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said support layer has a roughened surface that is opposite to said first-type semiconductor element. 6. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said support layer is made of AlGaInP with the structural formula of AlxGa(1-x)InP, wherein x is greater than 0. 7. The light-emitting diode according to claim 6, wherein x is in a range of 0.15≤x≤1. 8. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said first-type semiconductor element includes a ohmic contact, layer that is disposed on said support layer. 9. The light-emitting diode according to claim 8, wherein said ohmic contact layer has a thickness equal to or less than 100 nm. 10. The light-emitting diode according to claim 9, wherein said thickness of said ohmic contact layer is not greater than 50 nm. 11. The light-emitting diode according to claim 10, wherein said thickness of said ohmic contact layer ranges from 5 nm to 20 nm. 12. The light-emitting diode according to claim 3, wherein said first-type semiconductor element further includes a window layer that is made of AlGaInP with the structural formula of (AlyGa(1-y))0.5In0.5P wherein y is not less than 0.5 and less than 1, and that is disposed on said ohmic contact layer oppositely of said support layer. 13. The light-emitting diode according to claim 12, wherein y ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 in the structural formula of (AlyGa(1-y))0.5In0.5P. 14. The light-emitting diode according to claim 13, wherein y is 0.6 in the structural formula of (AlyGa(1-y))0.5In0.5P. 15. A method for manufacturing a light-emitting diode device including at least one micro light-emitting diode (LED), the method comprising the steps of:
a) forming an epitaxial layered structure that includes a support layer, a first-type semiconductor element, an active layer, and a second-type semiconductor element which are sequentially disposed on one another in such order along a laminating direction; and b) forming a first electrode on the first-type semiconductor element opposite to said support layer and forming a second electrode on the second-type semiconductor element opposite to the active layer. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising after step b), step c) of providing a carrier substrate that is spaced apart from the epitaxial layered structure in the laminating direction, and forming a securing layer between the epitaxial layered structure and the carrier substrate, the securing layer having at least one pillar to connect said epitaxial layered structure to the carrier substrate. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, before step b), step d) of etching a portion of the second-type semiconductor element and a portion of the active layer to expose the first-type semiconductor element. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein in step
a), the epitaxial layered structure is formed on a growth substrate, the first-type semiconductor element of the epitaxial layered structure includes a ohmic contact layer disposed on the support layer and a first-type cladding layer, and the second-type semiconductor layer includes a second-type cladding layer; and the method further comprises after step b), a step of removing the growth substrate. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein in step a), the support layer of the epitaxial layered structure is made of AlGaInP with the structural formula of AlxGa(1-x)InP, wherein x is greater than 0. 20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, after step b) and before step c) , step e) of forming an insulating protective layer on the epitaxial layered structure to cover the epitaxial layered structure and to expose the first and second electrodes. 21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising, after step b) , step g) of forming a sacrificial layer on the epitaxial layered structure in an laminating direction, the sacrificial layer having at least one through-hole in the laminating direction to expose the epitaxial layered structure, and wherein in step (c), the securing layer is formed between the carrier substrate and the sacrificial layer and fills the at least one through-hole of the sacrificial layer to form the at least one pillar. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein:
the micro light-emitting diode device includes a plurality of the micro LEDs; in step a), a plurality of spaced apart micro LED regions that are arranged in an array and a cutting region that surrounds and separates the micro LED regions are defined on the epitaxial layered structure, such that the epitaxial layered structure is divided into a plurality of micro units that respectively correspond in position to the micro LED regions; in step d), on each of the micro LED regions, a portion of the second-type semiconductor element and a portion of the active layer are etched to expose the first-type semiconductor element; and in step b), on each of the micro LED regions, the first electrode is formed on the first-type semiconductor element and the second electrode is formed on the second-type semiconductor element, so as to obtain the plurality of the micro LEDs. 23. The method according to claim 22, further comprising, after step b), step h) of etching, in the cutting region, the second-type semiconductor element, the active layer, the first-type semiconductor element and the support layer until the growth substrate is exposed. 24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising after step h), step (i) of forming at least one test electrode on the exposed growth substrate corresponding in position to the cutting region and electrically connecting the first electrode of one of the micro LEDs and the second electrode of another one of the micro LEDs to the test electrode, and a step of removing the at least one test electrode. | A micro light-emitting diode (LED) includes an epitaxial layered structure including a support layer, a first-type semiconductor element, an active layer, and a second-type semiconductor element that are sequentially disposed on one another in such order. A method for manufacturing a micro LED device including at least one of the micro LED is also disclosed.1. A light-emitting diode, comprising:
an epitaxial layered structure including a support layer, a first-type semiconductor element, an active layer, and a second-type semiconductor element that are sequentially disposed on one another in such order; a first electrode that is disposed on a surface of said first-type semiconductor element opposite to said support layer and that is electrically connected to said first-type semiconductor element; and a second electrode that is disposed on a surface of said second-type semiconductor element, opposite, to said active layer and that is electrically connected to said second-type semiconductor element. 2. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, further comprising:
a carrier substrate that is spaced apart from said epitaxial layered structure; and a securing layer that is formed with at least one pillar and that is disposed on said carrier substrate to connect said epitaxial layered structure to said carrier substrate through said at least one pillar. 3. The light-emitting diode according to claim 2, further comprising:
an insulating protective layer that is formed on and covers said epitaxial layered structure such that said first and second electrodes are exposed from said insulating protective layer; a first extension electrode that is electrically connected to said first electrode and that extends away from said first electrode and toward said second-type semiconductor element along said insulating protective layer; and a second extension electrode that is electrically connected to said second electrode and that extends away from said second electrode along said insulating protective layer. 4. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said support layer has a thickness equal to or greater than 500 nm. 5. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said support layer has a roughened surface that is opposite to said first-type semiconductor element. 6. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said support layer is made of AlGaInP with the structural formula of AlxGa(1-x)InP, wherein x is greater than 0. 7. The light-emitting diode according to claim 6, wherein x is in a range of 0.15≤x≤1. 8. The light-emitting diode according to claim 1, wherein said first-type semiconductor element includes a ohmic contact, layer that is disposed on said support layer. 9. The light-emitting diode according to claim 8, wherein said ohmic contact layer has a thickness equal to or less than 100 nm. 10. The light-emitting diode according to claim 9, wherein said thickness of said ohmic contact layer is not greater than 50 nm. 11. The light-emitting diode according to claim 10, wherein said thickness of said ohmic contact layer ranges from 5 nm to 20 nm. 12. The light-emitting diode according to claim 3, wherein said first-type semiconductor element further includes a window layer that is made of AlGaInP with the structural formula of (AlyGa(1-y))0.5In0.5P wherein y is not less than 0.5 and less than 1, and that is disposed on said ohmic contact layer oppositely of said support layer. 13. The light-emitting diode according to claim 12, wherein y ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 in the structural formula of (AlyGa(1-y))0.5In0.5P. 14. The light-emitting diode according to claim 13, wherein y is 0.6 in the structural formula of (AlyGa(1-y))0.5In0.5P. 15. A method for manufacturing a light-emitting diode device including at least one micro light-emitting diode (LED), the method comprising the steps of:
a) forming an epitaxial layered structure that includes a support layer, a first-type semiconductor element, an active layer, and a second-type semiconductor element which are sequentially disposed on one another in such order along a laminating direction; and b) forming a first electrode on the first-type semiconductor element opposite to said support layer and forming a second electrode on the second-type semiconductor element opposite to the active layer. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising after step b), step c) of providing a carrier substrate that is spaced apart from the epitaxial layered structure in the laminating direction, and forming a securing layer between the epitaxial layered structure and the carrier substrate, the securing layer having at least one pillar to connect said epitaxial layered structure to the carrier substrate. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, before step b), step d) of etching a portion of the second-type semiconductor element and a portion of the active layer to expose the first-type semiconductor element. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein in step
a), the epitaxial layered structure is formed on a growth substrate, the first-type semiconductor element of the epitaxial layered structure includes a ohmic contact layer disposed on the support layer and a first-type cladding layer, and the second-type semiconductor layer includes a second-type cladding layer; and the method further comprises after step b), a step of removing the growth substrate. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein in step a), the support layer of the epitaxial layered structure is made of AlGaInP with the structural formula of AlxGa(1-x)InP, wherein x is greater than 0. 20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, after step b) and before step c) , step e) of forming an insulating protective layer on the epitaxial layered structure to cover the epitaxial layered structure and to expose the first and second electrodes. 21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising, after step b) , step g) of forming a sacrificial layer on the epitaxial layered structure in an laminating direction, the sacrificial layer having at least one through-hole in the laminating direction to expose the epitaxial layered structure, and wherein in step (c), the securing layer is formed between the carrier substrate and the sacrificial layer and fills the at least one through-hole of the sacrificial layer to form the at least one pillar. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein:
the micro light-emitting diode device includes a plurality of the micro LEDs; in step a), a plurality of spaced apart micro LED regions that are arranged in an array and a cutting region that surrounds and separates the micro LED regions are defined on the epitaxial layered structure, such that the epitaxial layered structure is divided into a plurality of micro units that respectively correspond in position to the micro LED regions; in step d), on each of the micro LED regions, a portion of the second-type semiconductor element and a portion of the active layer are etched to expose the first-type semiconductor element; and in step b), on each of the micro LED regions, the first electrode is formed on the first-type semiconductor element and the second electrode is formed on the second-type semiconductor element, so as to obtain the plurality of the micro LEDs. 23. The method according to claim 22, further comprising, after step b), step h) of etching, in the cutting region, the second-type semiconductor element, the active layer, the first-type semiconductor element and the support layer until the growth substrate is exposed. 24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising after step h), step (i) of forming at least one test electrode on the exposed growth substrate corresponding in position to the cutting region and electrically connecting the first electrode of one of the micro LEDs and the second electrode of another one of the micro LEDs to the test electrode, and a step of removing the at least one test electrode. | 2,600 |
343,517 | 16,802,893 | 2,661 | A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for tracking selected points in a series of images to determine motions made by a subject to perform an action to train a system, such as a machine or robot. A series of images are received depicting incremental steps of the subject performing the action. Selected points that are useful to track the subject performing the action are identified. Datasets of points used to train a model are mapped, and the model is trained using the mapped datasets of points. | 1. A method for tracking selected points in a series of images to determine motions made by a subject to perform an action to train a system to perform the action comprising:
receiving a series of images, wherein successive images depict incremental steps of the subject performing the action; identifying the selected points useful for tracking the subject performing the action; mapping datasets of points to be used to train a model; and training the model utilizing the mapped datasets of points. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the datasets of points comprise a first dataset of points as to the subject and a second data set of points of an object related to action. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising receiving relative position of points in the series of images using virtual sensors. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein the virtual sensors provide the datasets of points used to train the model. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the series of images are from video and the system that performs the action is a machine or robot. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising performing a live reinforcement training of the system to refine the action. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising implementing physical sensors to capture data not available in the images and related to performing the action. 8. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for determine motions made by a subject to perform an action to train a system to perform the action comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
receiving a series of images, wherein successive images depict incremental steps of the subject performing the action;
identifying the selected points useful for tracking the subject performing the action;
mapping datasets of points to be used to train a model; and
training the model utilizing the mapped datasets of points. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the datasets of points comprise a first dataset of points as to the subject and a second data set of points of an object related to action. 10. The system of claim 8 further comprising receiving relative position of points in the series of images using virtual sensors. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the virtual sensors provide the datasets of points used to train the model. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the series of images are from video and the system that performs the action is a machine or robot. 13. The system of claim 8 further comprising performing a live reinforcement training of the system to refine the action. 14. The system of claim 8 further comprising implementing physical sensors to capture data not available in the images and related to performing the action. 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a series of images, wherein successive images depict incremental steps of the subject performing the action; identifying the selected points useful for tracking the subject performing the action; mapping datasets of points to be used to train a model; and training the model utilizing the mapped datasets of points. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the datasets of points comprise a first dataset of points as to the subject and a second data set of points of an object related to action. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 further comprising receiving relative position of points in the series of images using virtual sensors. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of 17, wherein the. wherein the virtual sensors provide the datasets of points used to train the model. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of 15, wherein the series of images are from video and the system that performs the action is a machine or robot. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of 15 further comprising performing a live reinforcement training of the system to refine the action. | A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for tracking selected points in a series of images to determine motions made by a subject to perform an action to train a system, such as a machine or robot. A series of images are received depicting incremental steps of the subject performing the action. Selected points that are useful to track the subject performing the action are identified. Datasets of points used to train a model are mapped, and the model is trained using the mapped datasets of points.1. A method for tracking selected points in a series of images to determine motions made by a subject to perform an action to train a system to perform the action comprising:
receiving a series of images, wherein successive images depict incremental steps of the subject performing the action; identifying the selected points useful for tracking the subject performing the action; mapping datasets of points to be used to train a model; and training the model utilizing the mapped datasets of points. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the datasets of points comprise a first dataset of points as to the subject and a second data set of points of an object related to action. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising receiving relative position of points in the series of images using virtual sensors. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein the virtual sensors provide the datasets of points used to train the model. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the series of images are from video and the system that performs the action is a machine or robot. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising performing a live reinforcement training of the system to refine the action. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising implementing physical sensors to capture data not available in the images and related to performing the action. 8. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for determine motions made by a subject to perform an action to train a system to perform the action comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
receiving a series of images, wherein successive images depict incremental steps of the subject performing the action;
identifying the selected points useful for tracking the subject performing the action;
mapping datasets of points to be used to train a model; and
training the model utilizing the mapped datasets of points. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the datasets of points comprise a first dataset of points as to the subject and a second data set of points of an object related to action. 10. The system of claim 8 further comprising receiving relative position of points in the series of images using virtual sensors. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the virtual sensors provide the datasets of points used to train the model. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the series of images are from video and the system that performs the action is a machine or robot. 13. The system of claim 8 further comprising performing a live reinforcement training of the system to refine the action. 14. The system of claim 8 further comprising implementing physical sensors to capture data not available in the images and related to performing the action. 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a series of images, wherein successive images depict incremental steps of the subject performing the action; identifying the selected points useful for tracking the subject performing the action; mapping datasets of points to be used to train a model; and training the model utilizing the mapped datasets of points. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the datasets of points comprise a first dataset of points as to the subject and a second data set of points of an object related to action. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 further comprising receiving relative position of points in the series of images using virtual sensors. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of 17, wherein the. wherein the virtual sensors provide the datasets of points used to train the model. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of 15, wherein the series of images are from video and the system that performs the action is a machine or robot. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of 15 further comprising performing a live reinforcement training of the system to refine the action. | 2,600 |
343,518 | 16,802,942 | 1,712 | The present invention discloses a method for preparing inverse opal photonic crystal fibers. In this method, by means of vertical deposition of colloidal spheres (micron scale or nanoscale), of polystyrene shell-core structured spheres and silica particles, the inverse opal colloidal crystal fiber stripes having a length of about 3.5 cm as well as an adjustable width and thickness is obtained. The invention provides a convenient method and achieves inverse opal photonic crystal fiber stripes with a high yield and a controllable size, and there is no crack on the surface of the fibers or inside the fibers. Furthermore, the inverse opal photonic crystal stripes of the invention can be peeled off from the surface of a glass slide and used conveniently. | 1. A method for preparing non-crack inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers, comprising steps of:
(1) forming a layer of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) on the surface of polystyrene (St) microspheres by a microemulsion method, to obtain shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres with a polystyrene core; (2) uniformly mixing a 0.3%-1.0% w/v dispersion solution of the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres with silica nanoparticles by a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6 to form a colloidal solution, and obtaining colloidal crystal fiber stripes after vertical deposition of the colloidal solution and drying the colloidal solution in an oven under 50° C.; and (3) sintering the colloidal crystal fiber stripes in an oven under 500° C. for 2 hrs to remove the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres, to get the inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers, wherein the silica nanoparticles are irregular solid particles, and have a refractive index of 1.56; wherein the inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers have a length of about 3.5 cm and a width of 50 μm-200 μm; and wherein the inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers do not have crack on surface and in interior thereof. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), 2 ml methyl methacrylate, 2 ml acrylic acid, 38 ml polystyrene, 200 ml deionized water, 0-0.033 g sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 1 g sodium bicarbonate are added to a flask and stirred uniformly, then 2 ml of an ammonium persulfate solution is added after stirring under 70° C. for 0.5 h, subsequently the temperature is raised to 80° C. to continue the reaction under stirring for 10 hrs to generate the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the dispersion solution of the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres are prepared from the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the average size of the silica nanoparticles is 10-20 nm in the colloidal solution. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2), a 0.4%-0.6% w/v dispersion solution of the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres and the silica nanoparticles are mixed uniformly by a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6 to form the colloidal solution. | The present invention discloses a method for preparing inverse opal photonic crystal fibers. In this method, by means of vertical deposition of colloidal spheres (micron scale or nanoscale), of polystyrene shell-core structured spheres and silica particles, the inverse opal colloidal crystal fiber stripes having a length of about 3.5 cm as well as an adjustable width and thickness is obtained. The invention provides a convenient method and achieves inverse opal photonic crystal fiber stripes with a high yield and a controllable size, and there is no crack on the surface of the fibers or inside the fibers. Furthermore, the inverse opal photonic crystal stripes of the invention can be peeled off from the surface of a glass slide and used conveniently.1. A method for preparing non-crack inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers, comprising steps of:
(1) forming a layer of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) on the surface of polystyrene (St) microspheres by a microemulsion method, to obtain shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres with a polystyrene core; (2) uniformly mixing a 0.3%-1.0% w/v dispersion solution of the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres with silica nanoparticles by a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6 to form a colloidal solution, and obtaining colloidal crystal fiber stripes after vertical deposition of the colloidal solution and drying the colloidal solution in an oven under 50° C.; and (3) sintering the colloidal crystal fiber stripes in an oven under 500° C. for 2 hrs to remove the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres, to get the inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers, wherein the silica nanoparticles are irregular solid particles, and have a refractive index of 1.56; wherein the inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers have a length of about 3.5 cm and a width of 50 μm-200 μm; and wherein the inverse opal colloidal crystal fibers do not have crack on surface and in interior thereof. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), 2 ml methyl methacrylate, 2 ml acrylic acid, 38 ml polystyrene, 200 ml deionized water, 0-0.033 g sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 1 g sodium bicarbonate are added to a flask and stirred uniformly, then 2 ml of an ammonium persulfate solution is added after stirring under 70° C. for 0.5 h, subsequently the temperature is raised to 80° C. to continue the reaction under stirring for 10 hrs to generate the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the dispersion solution of the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres are prepared from the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the average size of the silica nanoparticles is 10-20 nm in the colloidal solution. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2), a 0.4%-0.6% w/v dispersion solution of the shell-core structured P-(St-MMA-AA) microspheres and the silica nanoparticles are mixed uniformly by a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6 to form the colloidal solution. | 1,700 |
343,519 | 16,802,932 | 1,712 | A novel electronic device including a flexible display is presented. The electronic device has a flexible display including an organic light emission diodes and a plurality of columnar bodies linked together. Users can transform the shape of the electronic device into a tablet, an eBook, or a hand-held gaming device. The electronic device is configured to resize its main display area in accordance with the selected mode. | 1. (canceled) 2. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible display; and a plurality of columnar bodies that support the flexible display, wherein the flexible display is placed without being fixed to any of the plurality of columnar bodies. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the flexible display is a foldable OLED display. 4. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the flexible display is designed to change its shape in accordance with a shape formed by the plurality of columnar bodies. 5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein a portion of the flexible display corresponding to the plurality of columnar bodies is designed to move in accordance with folding. 6. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible display; and a first body and a second body that support the flexible display, wherein the first body and the second body are linked so that a hole of a connection portion of the first body and a hole of a connection portion of the second body overlap with each other, wherein the first body and the second body are rotatable around an rotation axis formed in the hole of the connection portion of the first body and the hole of the connection portion of the second body, wherein a width of the first body is larger than a width of the second body in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, wherein the flexible display is placed without being fixed to any of the first body and the second body. 7. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein the flexible display is a foldable OLED display. 8. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein the flexible display is designed to change its shape in accordance with a shape formed by the first body and the second body. 9. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein each of the first body and the second body is a columnar body. 10. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible display; and a first body, a second body and a third body that support the flexible display, wherein the first body and the second body are linked so that a hole of a first connection portion of the first body and a hole of a connection portion of the second body overlap with each other, wherein the first body and the third body are linked so that a hole of a second connection portion of the first body and a hole of a connection portion of the third body overlap with each other, wherein the first body and the second body are rotatable around a first rotation axis formed in the hole of the first connection portion of the first body and the hole of the connection portion of the second body, wherein the first body and the third body are rotatable around a second rotation axis formed in the hole of the second connection portion of the first body and the hole of the connection portion of the third body, wherein the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis are substantially parallel to each other, wherein a width of the first body is larger than a width of the second body and larger than a width of the third body in a direction perpendicular to the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, wherein the flexible display is placed without being fixed to any of the first body, the second body and the third body. 11. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the flexible display is a foldable OLED display. 12. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the flexible display is designed to change its shape in accordance with a shape formed by the first body, the second body and the third body. 13. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein each of the first body, the second body and the third body is a columnar body. | A novel electronic device including a flexible display is presented. The electronic device has a flexible display including an organic light emission diodes and a plurality of columnar bodies linked together. Users can transform the shape of the electronic device into a tablet, an eBook, or a hand-held gaming device. The electronic device is configured to resize its main display area in accordance with the selected mode.1. (canceled) 2. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible display; and a plurality of columnar bodies that support the flexible display, wherein the flexible display is placed without being fixed to any of the plurality of columnar bodies. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the flexible display is a foldable OLED display. 4. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the flexible display is designed to change its shape in accordance with a shape formed by the plurality of columnar bodies. 5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein a portion of the flexible display corresponding to the plurality of columnar bodies is designed to move in accordance with folding. 6. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible display; and a first body and a second body that support the flexible display, wherein the first body and the second body are linked so that a hole of a connection portion of the first body and a hole of a connection portion of the second body overlap with each other, wherein the first body and the second body are rotatable around an rotation axis formed in the hole of the connection portion of the first body and the hole of the connection portion of the second body, wherein a width of the first body is larger than a width of the second body in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, wherein the flexible display is placed without being fixed to any of the first body and the second body. 7. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein the flexible display is a foldable OLED display. 8. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein the flexible display is designed to change its shape in accordance with a shape formed by the first body and the second body. 9. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein each of the first body and the second body is a columnar body. 10. An electronic device comprising:
a flexible display; and a first body, a second body and a third body that support the flexible display, wherein the first body and the second body are linked so that a hole of a first connection portion of the first body and a hole of a connection portion of the second body overlap with each other, wherein the first body and the third body are linked so that a hole of a second connection portion of the first body and a hole of a connection portion of the third body overlap with each other, wherein the first body and the second body are rotatable around a first rotation axis formed in the hole of the first connection portion of the first body and the hole of the connection portion of the second body, wherein the first body and the third body are rotatable around a second rotation axis formed in the hole of the second connection portion of the first body and the hole of the connection portion of the third body, wherein the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis are substantially parallel to each other, wherein a width of the first body is larger than a width of the second body and larger than a width of the third body in a direction perpendicular to the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, wherein the flexible display is placed without being fixed to any of the first body, the second body and the third body. 11. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the flexible display is a foldable OLED display. 12. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the flexible display is designed to change its shape in accordance with a shape formed by the first body, the second body and the third body. 13. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein each of the first body, the second body and the third body is a columnar body. | 1,700 |
343,520 | 16,802,906 | 1,712 | A magnetic patch system includes a sealing member configured for attachment to a pipeline proximate to a breach in a wall of the pipeline. A magnet is positioned at least partially within a housing arrangement. The magnet may be oriented to generate a force toward the wall of the pipeline to attach the housing arrangement to the wall of the pipeline and capture the sealing member between the housing arrangement and the wall of the pipeline. The system may be installed inside a pipeline using a remotely controlled robotic system. | 1. A magnetic patch system, comprising:
a housing arrangement including a first housing portion and a second housing portion disposed at least partially within the first housing portion and movable relative to the first housing portion between a disengaged position and an engaged position; a magnet arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement and configured to urge the housing arrangement toward a metal structure such that the second housing portion moves from the disengaged position to the engaged position; and a biasing arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement, and wherein at least a portion of the biasing arrangement is configured to urge the second housing portion toward the engaged position. 2. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets having a respective north pole in contact with a respective first metal cover and a respective south pole in contact with a respective second metal cover such that magnetic field generated by each of the magnets is concentrated through the respective first and second metal covers. 3. The magnetic patch system of claim 2, wherein each of the magnets includes a north face corresponding to the north pole of the respective magnet and a south face corresponding to the south pole of the respective magnet, and wherein the magnets are disposed in a circumferential arrangement with one of the north face or the south face of each of the magnets facing inward toward a center of the circumferential arrangement. 4. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein the magnet arrangement forms at least a part of the second housing portion. 5. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein movement of the second housing portion from the disengaged position to the engaged position defines a direction of engagement, and wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets having a first end and a second end opposite the first end defining a respective line parallel to the direction of engagement, and the magnet arrangement further includes a cap including a non-magnetic material disposed over one of the first end or the second end of each of the magnets. 6. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a drive system operable to move the second housing portion toward and away from the engaged position. 7. The magnetic patch system of claim 6, wherein the biasing arrangement further includes a spring member configured to resist movement of the second housing portion from the disengaged position to the engaged position. 8. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein movement of the second housing portion from the disengaged position to the engaged position defines a direction of engagement, and the biasing arrangement includes a spring member configured to apply a force to the housing arrangement in the direction of engagement. 9. A magnetic patch system, comprising:
a housing arrangement including a first housing portion and a second housing portion disposed at least partially within the first housing portion and movable relative to the first housing portion in a first direction between a first position and a second position; a magnet arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement and configured to urge the housing arrangement toward a metal structure in the first direction; and a biasing arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement and configured to apply a force to the housing arrangement in the first direction. 10. The magnetic patch system of claim 9, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a drive system operable to move the second housing portion between the first position and the second position. 11. The magnetic patch system of claim 10, wherein the biasing arrangement further includes a spring member configured to resist movement of the second housing portion from the first position to the second position. 12. The magnetic patch system of claim 9, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a spring member configured to apply a force to the housing arrangement in the first direction. 13. The magnetic patch system of claim 9, wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets disposed in a circumferential arrangement and each of the magnets is positioned to have one of a north pole or a south pole facing toward a center of the circumferential arrangement. 14. The magnetic patch system of claim 13, wherein the magnet arrangement further includes a first metal cover in contact with the magnets and positioned on an outside of the circumferential arrangement, and a second metal cover in contact with the magnets and positioned on an inside of the circumferential arrangement. 15. The magnetic patch system of claim 13, wherein each of the magnets includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end defining a respective line parallel to the first direction, and wherein the magnet arrangement further includes a cap including a non-magnetic material disposed over one of the first end or the second end of each of the magnets. 16. A magnetic patch system, comprising:
a first housing portion and a second housing portion movable relative to each other along a path; a magnet arrangement at least partially disposed in one of the first housing portion or the second housing portion and configured to attract a metal structure along the path in a first direction; and a biasing arrangement configured to urge one of the first housing portion or the second housing portion along the path. 17. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a drive system operable to move the second housing portion relative to the first housing portion in the first direction and along the path in a second direction opposite the first direction. 18. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the biasing arrangement further includes a spring member configured to oppose movement of the second housing portion in the first direction. 19. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a spring member configured to apply a force to a least one of the first housing portion or the second housing portion in the first direction. 20. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets having a first end and a second end opposite the first end defining a respective line parallel to the path, and the magnet arrangement further includes a cap including a non-magnetic material disposed over one of the first end or the second end of each of the magnets. | A magnetic patch system includes a sealing member configured for attachment to a pipeline proximate to a breach in a wall of the pipeline. A magnet is positioned at least partially within a housing arrangement. The magnet may be oriented to generate a force toward the wall of the pipeline to attach the housing arrangement to the wall of the pipeline and capture the sealing member between the housing arrangement and the wall of the pipeline. The system may be installed inside a pipeline using a remotely controlled robotic system.1. A magnetic patch system, comprising:
a housing arrangement including a first housing portion and a second housing portion disposed at least partially within the first housing portion and movable relative to the first housing portion between a disengaged position and an engaged position; a magnet arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement and configured to urge the housing arrangement toward a metal structure such that the second housing portion moves from the disengaged position to the engaged position; and a biasing arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement, and wherein at least a portion of the biasing arrangement is configured to urge the second housing portion toward the engaged position. 2. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets having a respective north pole in contact with a respective first metal cover and a respective south pole in contact with a respective second metal cover such that magnetic field generated by each of the magnets is concentrated through the respective first and second metal covers. 3. The magnetic patch system of claim 2, wherein each of the magnets includes a north face corresponding to the north pole of the respective magnet and a south face corresponding to the south pole of the respective magnet, and wherein the magnets are disposed in a circumferential arrangement with one of the north face or the south face of each of the magnets facing inward toward a center of the circumferential arrangement. 4. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein the magnet arrangement forms at least a part of the second housing portion. 5. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein movement of the second housing portion from the disengaged position to the engaged position defines a direction of engagement, and wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets having a first end and a second end opposite the first end defining a respective line parallel to the direction of engagement, and the magnet arrangement further includes a cap including a non-magnetic material disposed over one of the first end or the second end of each of the magnets. 6. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a drive system operable to move the second housing portion toward and away from the engaged position. 7. The magnetic patch system of claim 6, wherein the biasing arrangement further includes a spring member configured to resist movement of the second housing portion from the disengaged position to the engaged position. 8. The magnetic patch system of claim 1, wherein movement of the second housing portion from the disengaged position to the engaged position defines a direction of engagement, and the biasing arrangement includes a spring member configured to apply a force to the housing arrangement in the direction of engagement. 9. A magnetic patch system, comprising:
a housing arrangement including a first housing portion and a second housing portion disposed at least partially within the first housing portion and movable relative to the first housing portion in a first direction between a first position and a second position; a magnet arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement and configured to urge the housing arrangement toward a metal structure in the first direction; and a biasing arrangement at least partially disposed within the housing arrangement and configured to apply a force to the housing arrangement in the first direction. 10. The magnetic patch system of claim 9, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a drive system operable to move the second housing portion between the first position and the second position. 11. The magnetic patch system of claim 10, wherein the biasing arrangement further includes a spring member configured to resist movement of the second housing portion from the first position to the second position. 12. The magnetic patch system of claim 9, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a spring member configured to apply a force to the housing arrangement in the first direction. 13. The magnetic patch system of claim 9, wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets disposed in a circumferential arrangement and each of the magnets is positioned to have one of a north pole or a south pole facing toward a center of the circumferential arrangement. 14. The magnetic patch system of claim 13, wherein the magnet arrangement further includes a first metal cover in contact with the magnets and positioned on an outside of the circumferential arrangement, and a second metal cover in contact with the magnets and positioned on an inside of the circumferential arrangement. 15. The magnetic patch system of claim 13, wherein each of the magnets includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end defining a respective line parallel to the first direction, and wherein the magnet arrangement further includes a cap including a non-magnetic material disposed over one of the first end or the second end of each of the magnets. 16. A magnetic patch system, comprising:
a first housing portion and a second housing portion movable relative to each other along a path; a magnet arrangement at least partially disposed in one of the first housing portion or the second housing portion and configured to attract a metal structure along the path in a first direction; and a biasing arrangement configured to urge one of the first housing portion or the second housing portion along the path. 17. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a drive system operable to move the second housing portion relative to the first housing portion in the first direction and along the path in a second direction opposite the first direction. 18. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the biasing arrangement further includes a spring member configured to oppose movement of the second housing portion in the first direction. 19. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the biasing arrangement includes a spring member configured to apply a force to a least one of the first housing portion or the second housing portion in the first direction. 20. The magnetic patch system of claim 16, wherein the magnet arrangement includes a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets having a first end and a second end opposite the first end defining a respective line parallel to the path, and the magnet arrangement further includes a cap including a non-magnetic material disposed over one of the first end or the second end of each of the magnets. | 1,700 |
343,521 | 16,802,941 | 1,712 | A crank device provided with an upstream lever and with a downstream lever. The crank device includes a phase shifter system connected to the upstream lever and to the downstream lever so that movement in rotation of the upstream lever about an axis of rotation induces movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation, the phase shifter system comprising a linear actuator mechanism carried by the upstream lever, the linear actuator mechanism having an outlet rod, the outlet rod having only one degree of freedom of movement in translation relative to the upstream lever, the outlet rod being connected via an outlet helical connection to the downstream lever so that movement in translation of the outlet rod generates movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation. | 1. A crank device provided with an upstream lever and with a downstream lever,
wherein the crank device includes a phase shifter system connected to the upstream lever and to the downstream lever so that movement in rotation of the upstream lever about an axis of rotation induces movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation, the phase shifter system comprising a linear actuator mechanism carried by the upstream lever, the linear actuator mechanism having an outlet rod, the outlet rod having only one degree of freedom of movement in translation relative to the upstream lever, the outlet rod being connected via an outlet helical connection to the downstream lever so that movement in translation of the outlet rod generates movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation relative to the upstream lever. 2. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the Linear actuator mechanism comprises a linear actuator provided with the outlet rod. 3. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the linear actuator mechanism further comprises an intermediate rotary actuator, the intermediate rotary actuator including an intermediate rod that is mounted to move in rotation, the intermediate rod being connected to the outlet rod via a system for transforming movement in rotation into movement in translation. 4. The crank device according to claim 3,
wherein the system for transforming movement in rotation into movement in translation includes an inlet helical connection. 5. The crank device according to claim 4,
wherein the inlet helical connection includes an intermediate nut that meshes with the intermediate rod, the intermediate nut being constrained in rotation with the upstream lever and being mounted to move in translation relative to the upstream lever, the intermediate nut being secured to the outlet rod. 6. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein at least the outlet rod or an intermediate nut secured to the outlet rod is connected to the upstream lever via at least one connection that constrains the upstream lever and the outlet rod to rotate together about the axis of rotation. 7. The crank device according to claim 6,
wherein the at least one connection comprises a sliding connection including at least one spline channel, or a key. 8. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the outlet helical connection includes an outlet nut secured to the downstream lever, the outlet nut being provided with tapping that meshes with a complementary thread on the outlet rod. 9. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the outlet helical connection comprises an outlet helical groove and an outlet stud of complementary shape that is disposed at least in part in the outlet helical groove, the outlet helical groove being carried by the outlet rod and the outlet stud being carried by the downstream lever, or the outlet helical groove being carried by the downstream lever and the outlet stud being carried by the outlet rod. 10. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the crank device includes a general rotary actuator, the general rotary actuator comprising a general rotor that is secured to the upstream lever, the general rotary actuator further comprising a general body that is secured to a stationary support, the general rotor being mounted to move in rotation relative to the general body. 11. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the upstream lever includes an arm that extends radially from a hub, the hub being provided with a cavity, the linear actuator mechanism being arranged in the cavity at least in part. 12. The crank device according to claim 11,
wherein the crank device includes a general rotary actuator, the general rotary actuator comprising a general rotor that is secured to the upstream lever, the general rotary actuator further comprising a general body that is secured to a stationary support, the general rotor being mounted to move in rotation relative to the general body and wherein the general rotor is fastened to the hub, at least one rolling bearing system being interposed between the hub and the support. 13. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the upstream lever and the downstream lever each have a single degree of freedom, which single degree of freedom is a degree of freedom of movement in rotation about the axis of rotation. 14. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the crank device includes an autopilot computer configured to control the linear actuator mechanism directly or indirectly. 15. A control system provided with a control and with a mechanical member, the control being suitable for being operated by a pilot, and the mechanical member having a position controlled by the control, the control system comprising a linkage connecting the control to the mechanical member,
wherein the linkage includes at least one crank device according to claim 1. 16. An aircraft,
wherein the aircraft includes at least one crank device according to claim 1. | A crank device provided with an upstream lever and with a downstream lever. The crank device includes a phase shifter system connected to the upstream lever and to the downstream lever so that movement in rotation of the upstream lever about an axis of rotation induces movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation, the phase shifter system comprising a linear actuator mechanism carried by the upstream lever, the linear actuator mechanism having an outlet rod, the outlet rod having only one degree of freedom of movement in translation relative to the upstream lever, the outlet rod being connected via an outlet helical connection to the downstream lever so that movement in translation of the outlet rod generates movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation.1. A crank device provided with an upstream lever and with a downstream lever,
wherein the crank device includes a phase shifter system connected to the upstream lever and to the downstream lever so that movement in rotation of the upstream lever about an axis of rotation induces movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation, the phase shifter system comprising a linear actuator mechanism carried by the upstream lever, the linear actuator mechanism having an outlet rod, the outlet rod having only one degree of freedom of movement in translation relative to the upstream lever, the outlet rod being connected via an outlet helical connection to the downstream lever so that movement in translation of the outlet rod generates movement in rotation of the downstream lever about the axis of rotation relative to the upstream lever. 2. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the Linear actuator mechanism comprises a linear actuator provided with the outlet rod. 3. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the linear actuator mechanism further comprises an intermediate rotary actuator, the intermediate rotary actuator including an intermediate rod that is mounted to move in rotation, the intermediate rod being connected to the outlet rod via a system for transforming movement in rotation into movement in translation. 4. The crank device according to claim 3,
wherein the system for transforming movement in rotation into movement in translation includes an inlet helical connection. 5. The crank device according to claim 4,
wherein the inlet helical connection includes an intermediate nut that meshes with the intermediate rod, the intermediate nut being constrained in rotation with the upstream lever and being mounted to move in translation relative to the upstream lever, the intermediate nut being secured to the outlet rod. 6. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein at least the outlet rod or an intermediate nut secured to the outlet rod is connected to the upstream lever via at least one connection that constrains the upstream lever and the outlet rod to rotate together about the axis of rotation. 7. The crank device according to claim 6,
wherein the at least one connection comprises a sliding connection including at least one spline channel, or a key. 8. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the outlet helical connection includes an outlet nut secured to the downstream lever, the outlet nut being provided with tapping that meshes with a complementary thread on the outlet rod. 9. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the outlet helical connection comprises an outlet helical groove and an outlet stud of complementary shape that is disposed at least in part in the outlet helical groove, the outlet helical groove being carried by the outlet rod and the outlet stud being carried by the downstream lever, or the outlet helical groove being carried by the downstream lever and the outlet stud being carried by the outlet rod. 10. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the crank device includes a general rotary actuator, the general rotary actuator comprising a general rotor that is secured to the upstream lever, the general rotary actuator further comprising a general body that is secured to a stationary support, the general rotor being mounted to move in rotation relative to the general body. 11. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the upstream lever includes an arm that extends radially from a hub, the hub being provided with a cavity, the linear actuator mechanism being arranged in the cavity at least in part. 12. The crank device according to claim 11,
wherein the crank device includes a general rotary actuator, the general rotary actuator comprising a general rotor that is secured to the upstream lever, the general rotary actuator further comprising a general body that is secured to a stationary support, the general rotor being mounted to move in rotation relative to the general body and wherein the general rotor is fastened to the hub, at least one rolling bearing system being interposed between the hub and the support. 13. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the upstream lever and the downstream lever each have a single degree of freedom, which single degree of freedom is a degree of freedom of movement in rotation about the axis of rotation. 14. The crank device according to claim 1,
wherein the crank device includes an autopilot computer configured to control the linear actuator mechanism directly or indirectly. 15. A control system provided with a control and with a mechanical member, the control being suitable for being operated by a pilot, and the mechanical member having a position controlled by the control, the control system comprising a linkage connecting the control to the mechanical member,
wherein the linkage includes at least one crank device according to claim 1. 16. An aircraft,
wherein the aircraft includes at least one crank device according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
343,522 | 16,802,921 | 1,712 | A set of floor panels, which is suitable for forming a floor covering in herringbone pattern, wherein these floor panels are oblong rectangular; wherein the long as well as the short edges are provided with mechanical coupling means; and wherein the male coupling part on the short edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge in one and the same turning movement which is used to insert the male coupling part on the long edge into the female coupling part on the long or short edge. | 1. A set of floor panels, which is suitable for forming a floor covering in herringbone pattern,
wherein these floor panels are oblong rectangular and comprise a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges; wherein the long edges and the short edges are provided with mechanical coupling means, which allow coupling the floor panels to each other; wherein the one long edge is provided with a male coupling part and the other long edge is provided with a female coupling part; wherein the one short edge is provided with a male coupling part and the other short edge is provided with a female coupling part; wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge by means of a turning movement; wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can also be inserted into the female coupling part on the short edge by means of a turning movement; wherein the male coupling part on the short edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge in one and the same turning movement which is used to insert the male coupling part on the long edge into the female coupling part on the long or short edge; wherein the male coupling part on the short edge and the female coupling part on the long edge, in a coupled condition thereof, effect a locking in horizontal direction and a locking in vertical direction, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge comprises a first locking element, which, in a coupled condition of this male coupling part and the female coupling part on the long edge, cooperates with a first locking element of this female coupling part in order to effect said locking in vertical direction; wherein the first locking element is realized from the material of the floor panel and in one piece therewith. 2. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the first locking element of the male coupling part on the short edge is provided as a protrusion from the male coupling part on the short edge. 3. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein there, where the first locking element of the male coupling part on the short edge cooperates with the respective locking element of the female coupling part, a tangent line is defined, which runs upward in the direction away from the respective female locking part; and wherein this tangent line forms an angle with the horizontal which preferably is smaller than or equal to 45 degrees. 4. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge comprises a second locking element, which, in a coupled condition of this male coupling part and the female coupling part on the long edge, cooperates with a second locking element of this female coupling part in order to effect said locking in horizontal direction; and wherein this second locking element of the male coupling part is made from the material of the floor panel and in particular is made in one piece therewith. 5. The set of floor panels according to claim 4, wherein, there, where the second locking element of the male coupling part cooperates with the respective locking element of the female coupling part, a tangent line is defined, which runs upward in the direction away from the respective female coupling part; and wherein this tangent line forms an angle with the vertical, which preferably is smaller than 45 degrees and more preferably is smaller than or equal to 30 degrees. 6. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge comprises a protruding lip; and wherein the second locking element of the male coupling part is made in the form of a protrusion on the lower side of the protruding lip. 7. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the lower side of said lip, distally from this protrusion, shows a portion, which, in a coupled condition with the respective female coupling part, rests on this female coupling part; and wherein this portion, in the coupled condition, is situated proximally from a closing plane defined between the respective edges. 8. The set of floor panels according to claim 7, wherein on the lower side of the lip a space is present between this lip and the respective female coupling part; and wherein this space extends continuously between said support portion of the lip and there, where the second locking elements of the male and female coupling parts cooperate with each other. 9. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge by means of a horizontal or substantially horizontal snap movement . 10. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the coupling parts on the pair of long edges are made in the form of a tongue and a groove, respectively; wherein the groove is bordered by an upper and a lower lip; and wherein the tongue and groove are provided with locking elements which, in a coupled condition of the tongue and groove, counteract the moving apart thereof in horizontal direction. 11. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the lower lip protrudes beyond the upper lip; wherein the lower lip comprises a locking element, which is situated in that part of the lower lip that protrudes beyond the upper lip; and wherein this locking element in the coupled condition cooperates with a locking element on the lower side of the tongue. 12. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the locking elements on the tongue and groove, there, where they cooperate with each other, define a tangent line which runs upward in the direction away from the groove; and wherein this tangent line forms an angle with the vertical which preferably is smaller than 45 degrees and still more preferably is smaller than or equal to 30 degrees. 13. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the upper side of the tongue, in a coupled condition of the tongue and groove, cooperates with the lower side of the upper lip; and wherein there, where the upper side of the tongue and the lower side of the upper lip cooperate with each other, a tangent line is defined which is oriented horizontally or approximately horizontally. 14. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the tongue, in a coupled condition with the groove, extends underneath the upper lip over a distance of at least ⅙ times the overall thickness of the floor panels. 15. The set of floor panels according claim 10, wherein the lower side of the tongue shows a portion with which the tongue, in a coupled condition with the groove, rests on the upper side of the lower lip; and wherein this portion, in the coupled condition, is situated at least in part distally from a closing plane defined between the respective edges. 16. The set of floor panels according claim 1, wherein the coupling parts on the pair of long edges are realized from the material of the floor panel and in particular are made in one piece therewith. 17. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge by means of a horizontal or substantially horizontal snap movement. 18. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the coupling parts on the pair of long edges are configured such that they, in the coupled condition, provide a tensioning force pressing the coupled long edges at their upper sides towards each other. 19. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the short edge by means of a horizontal or substantially horizontal snap movement. 20. A set of floor panels, which is suitable for forming a floor covering, wherein the floor panels of the set are quadrangular and oblong and thus have a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges, wherein the pair of long edges as well as the pair of short edges is provided with mechanical coupling means, which allow coupling the floor panels to each other; wherein the floor panels of the set have the shape of an inclined parallelogram and the set consists of at least two types of floor panels, wherein the floor panels of the one type, regarding their shape, are mirrored in respect to the floor panels of the other type, and wherein the coupling parts show the following characteristics:
the coupling parts on the long sides allow coupling a long side of a floor panel to a long side of another floor panel of the same type, by means of a turning movement; and the coupling parts on the short sides allow coupling a short side of a floor panel to a short side of a floor panel of another type in one and the same turning movement which is used for coupling a long side of the first-mentioned floor panel to a long side of another floor panel of the same type as the first-mentioned floor panel, 21. The set of floor panels according to claim 20, wherein the coupling parts on the long sides of both types of floor panels are realized in the form of a tongue and a groove and wherein the tongue and groove are provided with locking elements which, in coupled condition, counteract the moving apart of the tongue and groove in horizontal direction. | A set of floor panels, which is suitable for forming a floor covering in herringbone pattern, wherein these floor panels are oblong rectangular; wherein the long as well as the short edges are provided with mechanical coupling means; and wherein the male coupling part on the short edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge in one and the same turning movement which is used to insert the male coupling part on the long edge into the female coupling part on the long or short edge.1. A set of floor panels, which is suitable for forming a floor covering in herringbone pattern,
wherein these floor panels are oblong rectangular and comprise a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges; wherein the long edges and the short edges are provided with mechanical coupling means, which allow coupling the floor panels to each other; wherein the one long edge is provided with a male coupling part and the other long edge is provided with a female coupling part; wherein the one short edge is provided with a male coupling part and the other short edge is provided with a female coupling part; wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge by means of a turning movement; wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can also be inserted into the female coupling part on the short edge by means of a turning movement; wherein the male coupling part on the short edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge in one and the same turning movement which is used to insert the male coupling part on the long edge into the female coupling part on the long or short edge; wherein the male coupling part on the short edge and the female coupling part on the long edge, in a coupled condition thereof, effect a locking in horizontal direction and a locking in vertical direction, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge comprises a first locking element, which, in a coupled condition of this male coupling part and the female coupling part on the long edge, cooperates with a first locking element of this female coupling part in order to effect said locking in vertical direction; wherein the first locking element is realized from the material of the floor panel and in one piece therewith. 2. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the first locking element of the male coupling part on the short edge is provided as a protrusion from the male coupling part on the short edge. 3. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein there, where the first locking element of the male coupling part on the short edge cooperates with the respective locking element of the female coupling part, a tangent line is defined, which runs upward in the direction away from the respective female locking part; and wherein this tangent line forms an angle with the horizontal which preferably is smaller than or equal to 45 degrees. 4. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge comprises a second locking element, which, in a coupled condition of this male coupling part and the female coupling part on the long edge, cooperates with a second locking element of this female coupling part in order to effect said locking in horizontal direction; and wherein this second locking element of the male coupling part is made from the material of the floor panel and in particular is made in one piece therewith. 5. The set of floor panels according to claim 4, wherein, there, where the second locking element of the male coupling part cooperates with the respective locking element of the female coupling part, a tangent line is defined, which runs upward in the direction away from the respective female coupling part; and wherein this tangent line forms an angle with the vertical, which preferably is smaller than 45 degrees and more preferably is smaller than or equal to 30 degrees. 6. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge comprises a protruding lip; and wherein the second locking element of the male coupling part is made in the form of a protrusion on the lower side of the protruding lip. 7. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the lower side of said lip, distally from this protrusion, shows a portion, which, in a coupled condition with the respective female coupling part, rests on this female coupling part; and wherein this portion, in the coupled condition, is situated proximally from a closing plane defined between the respective edges. 8. The set of floor panels according to claim 7, wherein on the lower side of the lip a space is present between this lip and the respective female coupling part; and wherein this space extends continuously between said support portion of the lip and there, where the second locking elements of the male and female coupling parts cooperate with each other. 9. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the short edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge by means of a horizontal or substantially horizontal snap movement . 10. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the coupling parts on the pair of long edges are made in the form of a tongue and a groove, respectively; wherein the groove is bordered by an upper and a lower lip; and wherein the tongue and groove are provided with locking elements which, in a coupled condition of the tongue and groove, counteract the moving apart thereof in horizontal direction. 11. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the lower lip protrudes beyond the upper lip; wherein the lower lip comprises a locking element, which is situated in that part of the lower lip that protrudes beyond the upper lip; and wherein this locking element in the coupled condition cooperates with a locking element on the lower side of the tongue. 12. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the locking elements on the tongue and groove, there, where they cooperate with each other, define a tangent line which runs upward in the direction away from the groove; and wherein this tangent line forms an angle with the vertical which preferably is smaller than 45 degrees and still more preferably is smaller than or equal to 30 degrees. 13. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the upper side of the tongue, in a coupled condition of the tongue and groove, cooperates with the lower side of the upper lip; and wherein there, where the upper side of the tongue and the lower side of the upper lip cooperate with each other, a tangent line is defined which is oriented horizontally or approximately horizontally. 14. The set of floor panels according to claim 10, wherein the tongue, in a coupled condition with the groove, extends underneath the upper lip over a distance of at least ⅙ times the overall thickness of the floor panels. 15. The set of floor panels according claim 10, wherein the lower side of the tongue shows a portion with which the tongue, in a coupled condition with the groove, rests on the upper side of the lower lip; and wherein this portion, in the coupled condition, is situated at least in part distally from a closing plane defined between the respective edges. 16. The set of floor panels according claim 1, wherein the coupling parts on the pair of long edges are realized from the material of the floor panel and in particular are made in one piece therewith. 17. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the long edge by means of a horizontal or substantially horizontal snap movement. 18. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the coupling parts on the pair of long edges are configured such that they, in the coupled condition, provide a tensioning force pressing the coupled long edges at their upper sides towards each other. 19. The set of floor panels according to claim 1, wherein the male coupling part on the long edge can be inserted into the female coupling part on the short edge by means of a horizontal or substantially horizontal snap movement. 20. A set of floor panels, which is suitable for forming a floor covering, wherein the floor panels of the set are quadrangular and oblong and thus have a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges, wherein the pair of long edges as well as the pair of short edges is provided with mechanical coupling means, which allow coupling the floor panels to each other; wherein the floor panels of the set have the shape of an inclined parallelogram and the set consists of at least two types of floor panels, wherein the floor panels of the one type, regarding their shape, are mirrored in respect to the floor panels of the other type, and wherein the coupling parts show the following characteristics:
the coupling parts on the long sides allow coupling a long side of a floor panel to a long side of another floor panel of the same type, by means of a turning movement; and the coupling parts on the short sides allow coupling a short side of a floor panel to a short side of a floor panel of another type in one and the same turning movement which is used for coupling a long side of the first-mentioned floor panel to a long side of another floor panel of the same type as the first-mentioned floor panel, 21. The set of floor panels according to claim 20, wherein the coupling parts on the long sides of both types of floor panels are realized in the form of a tongue and a groove and wherein the tongue and groove are provided with locking elements which, in coupled condition, counteract the moving apart of the tongue and groove in horizontal direction. | 1,700 |
343,523 | 16,802,903 | 1,712 | In various embodiments, an electronic device may include a display, a memory including a first space storing no data and a second space storing data, and a processor. The processor may be configured to control the electronic device to: receive an input for inputting a setting value for a fast data storage mode of the memory, to allocate a predetermined size of a free space of a file system of the electronic device as a temporary memory space for the fast data storage mode based on the setting value for the fast data storage mode, to control the memory to allocate a predetermined size of the first space as a borrowed space for the fast data storage mode corresponding to the size of the temporary memory space, to recognize occurrence of an event for starting data storage through the fast data storage mode, and to control the memory to perform the data storage using the borrowed space through the fast data storage mode in response to the occurrence of the event. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a display; a memory including a first space storing no data and a second space storing data; and a processor configured to control the electronic device to: receive an input for inputting a setting value for a fast data storage mode of the memory, allocate a predetermined size of a free space of a file system of the electronic device as a temporary memory space for the fast data storage mode based on the setting value for the fast data storage mode, control the memory to allocate a predetermined size of the first space as a borrowed space for the fast data storage mode corresponding to the size of the temporary memory space, recognize occurrence of an event for starting data storage through the fast data storage mode, and control the memory to perform the data storage using the borrowed space through the fast data storage mode in response to the occurrence of the event. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the setting value for the fast data storage mode includes information about a size of the borrowed space for the fast data storage mode and information about whether the fast data storage mode is used. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
display through the display a size of the free space of the file system as being reduced by the size of the temporary memory space in response to allocation of the temporary memory space having the predetermined size, or generate a file having the size of the temporary memory space to display the size of the free space of the file system as being reduced. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
identify at least one value of a number and amount of write input/output (I/O) requests generated to store data in the memory and to be delivered to the memory, and control the memory to start the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or greater than a first threshold. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
periodically identify the at least one value, and control the memory to terminate the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or less than a second threshold. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
control the memory to perform additional data storage within a space size limit other than the borrowed space in the first space of the memory in response to occurrence of a write input/output (I/O) request for storing additional data beyond the borrowed space while performing the data storage through the fast data storage mode. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
receive, from the memory, information about a space size currently used to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in the borrowed space, and adjust the size of the temporary memory space based on the received information. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
receive an input for releasing the setting for the fast data storage mode of the memory, control the memory to store again data, temporarily stored in the borrowed space of the memory, in a space other than the borrowed space of the first space of the memory and delete the data temporarily stored in the borrowed space, and return the temporary memory space of the file system to the free space. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a communication circuit, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to: start to control the memory to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from an external device through the communication circuit at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a connecting terminal, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to: detect connection of an external device through the connecting terminal, and start to control the memory to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from the external device at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. 11. A method for utilizing a memory space of an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving an input for a setting value for a fast data storage mode of a memory; allocating a predetermined size of a free space of a file system of the electronic device as a temporary memory space for the fast data storage mode based on the setting value for the fast data storage mode; allocating a predetermined size of a first space of the memory storing no data as a borrowed space for the fast data storage mode corresponding to the size of the temporary memory space; recognizing occurrence of an event for starting data storage through the fast data storage mode; and performing the data storage using the borrowed space through the fast data storage mode at the memory in response to the occurrence of the event. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the setting value for the fast data storage mode includes information about a size of the borrowed space used for performing the fast data storage mode and information about whether the fast data storage mode is used. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
displaying through a display a size of the free space of the file system as being reduced by the size of the temporary memory space, or generating a file having the size of the temporary memory space to display the size of the free space of the file system as being reduced in response to allocation of the temporary memory space. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing includes:
identifying at least one value of a number and amount of write input/output (I/O) requests generated to store data in the memory and to be delivered to the memory; and starting the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or greater than a first threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
periodically identifying the at least one value; and terminating the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or less than a second threshold. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
performing additional data storage within a space size limit other than the borrowed space in the first space of the memory in response to occurrence of a write input/output (I/O) request for storing additional data beyond the borrowed space while performing the data storage through the fast data storage mode. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, from the memory, information about a space size currently used to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in the borrowed space; and adjusting the size of the temporary memory space based on the received information. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving an input for releasing the setting for the fast data storage mode of the memory; enabling the memory to store again data, temporarily stored in the borrowed space of the memory, in a space other than the borrowed space of the first space of the memory and delete the data temporarily stored in the borrowed space; and returning the temporary memory space of the file system to the free space. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing includes:
starting data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from an external device through a communication circuit at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing includes:
detecting connection of an external device through a connecting terminal; and starting data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from the external device at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. | In various embodiments, an electronic device may include a display, a memory including a first space storing no data and a second space storing data, and a processor. The processor may be configured to control the electronic device to: receive an input for inputting a setting value for a fast data storage mode of the memory, to allocate a predetermined size of a free space of a file system of the electronic device as a temporary memory space for the fast data storage mode based on the setting value for the fast data storage mode, to control the memory to allocate a predetermined size of the first space as a borrowed space for the fast data storage mode corresponding to the size of the temporary memory space, to recognize occurrence of an event for starting data storage through the fast data storage mode, and to control the memory to perform the data storage using the borrowed space through the fast data storage mode in response to the occurrence of the event.1. An electronic device comprising:
a display; a memory including a first space storing no data and a second space storing data; and a processor configured to control the electronic device to: receive an input for inputting a setting value for a fast data storage mode of the memory, allocate a predetermined size of a free space of a file system of the electronic device as a temporary memory space for the fast data storage mode based on the setting value for the fast data storage mode, control the memory to allocate a predetermined size of the first space as a borrowed space for the fast data storage mode corresponding to the size of the temporary memory space, recognize occurrence of an event for starting data storage through the fast data storage mode, and control the memory to perform the data storage using the borrowed space through the fast data storage mode in response to the occurrence of the event. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the setting value for the fast data storage mode includes information about a size of the borrowed space for the fast data storage mode and information about whether the fast data storage mode is used. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
display through the display a size of the free space of the file system as being reduced by the size of the temporary memory space in response to allocation of the temporary memory space having the predetermined size, or generate a file having the size of the temporary memory space to display the size of the free space of the file system as being reduced. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
identify at least one value of a number and amount of write input/output (I/O) requests generated to store data in the memory and to be delivered to the memory, and control the memory to start the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or greater than a first threshold. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
periodically identify the at least one value, and control the memory to terminate the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or less than a second threshold. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
control the memory to perform additional data storage within a space size limit other than the borrowed space in the first space of the memory in response to occurrence of a write input/output (I/O) request for storing additional data beyond the borrowed space while performing the data storage through the fast data storage mode. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
receive, from the memory, information about a space size currently used to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in the borrowed space, and adjust the size of the temporary memory space based on the received information. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to:
receive an input for releasing the setting for the fast data storage mode of the memory, control the memory to store again data, temporarily stored in the borrowed space of the memory, in a space other than the borrowed space of the first space of the memory and delete the data temporarily stored in the borrowed space, and return the temporary memory space of the file system to the free space. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a communication circuit, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to: start to control the memory to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from an external device through the communication circuit at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a connecting terminal, wherein the processor is further configured to control the electronic device to: detect connection of an external device through the connecting terminal, and start to control the memory to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from the external device at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. 11. A method for utilizing a memory space of an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving an input for a setting value for a fast data storage mode of a memory; allocating a predetermined size of a free space of a file system of the electronic device as a temporary memory space for the fast data storage mode based on the setting value for the fast data storage mode; allocating a predetermined size of a first space of the memory storing no data as a borrowed space for the fast data storage mode corresponding to the size of the temporary memory space; recognizing occurrence of an event for starting data storage through the fast data storage mode; and performing the data storage using the borrowed space through the fast data storage mode at the memory in response to the occurrence of the event. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the setting value for the fast data storage mode includes information about a size of the borrowed space used for performing the fast data storage mode and information about whether the fast data storage mode is used. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
displaying through a display a size of the free space of the file system as being reduced by the size of the temporary memory space, or generating a file having the size of the temporary memory space to display the size of the free space of the file system as being reduced in response to allocation of the temporary memory space. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing includes:
identifying at least one value of a number and amount of write input/output (I/O) requests generated to store data in the memory and to be delivered to the memory; and starting the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or greater than a first threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
periodically identifying the at least one value; and terminating the data storage through the fast data storage mode based on the identified value being equal to or less than a second threshold. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
performing additional data storage within a space size limit other than the borrowed space in the first space of the memory in response to occurrence of a write input/output (I/O) request for storing additional data beyond the borrowed space while performing the data storage through the fast data storage mode. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, from the memory, information about a space size currently used to perform data storage through the fast data storage mode in the borrowed space; and adjusting the size of the temporary memory space based on the received information. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving an input for releasing the setting for the fast data storage mode of the memory; enabling the memory to store again data, temporarily stored in the borrowed space of the memory, in a space other than the borrowed space of the first space of the memory and delete the data temporarily stored in the borrowed space; and returning the temporary memory space of the file system to the free space. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing includes:
starting data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from an external device through a communication circuit at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing includes:
detecting connection of an external device through a connecting terminal; and starting data storage through the fast data storage mode in response to receiving data from the external device at a transfer rate higher than a predetermined value. | 1,700 |
343,524 | 16,802,949 | 1,712 | A hydraulic fracturing machine includes a pump failure detection system. The hydraulic fracturing machine includes a hydraulic fracturing pump with a power end and a fluid end. The power end includes a plurality of roller bearings, and the fluid end includes a flow of fluid. A particle sensor coupled to the power end is configured to transmit particle information regarding a quantity of particles in the fluid. A temperature sensor, also coupled to the power end, is configured to transmit temperature information regarding a temperature of the fluid. A vibration sensor coupled to the power end is configured to transmit vibration information regarding a vibration of each of the plurality of roller bearings. An electronic control module analyzes the particle information, the temperature information and the vibration information, and calculates a failure warning level based on the analysis. | 1. A hydraulic fracturing machine with pump failure detection system, the hydraulic fracturing machine comprising:
a hydraulic fracturing pump having a power end and a fluid end, the power end including a plurality of roller bearings, the fluid end having a flow of fluid; a particle sensor coupled to the power end and configured to transmit particle information regarding a quantity of particles in the fluid; a temperature sensor coupled to the power end and configured to transmit temperature information regarding a temperature of the fluid; a vibration sensor coupled to the power end and configured to transmit vibration information regarding a vibration of each of the plurality of roller bearings; and an electronic control module configured to analyze the particle information, the temperature information and the vibration information, and to calculate a failure warning level based on the analysis. 2. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the electronic control module is further configured to receive the particle information, the temperature information and the vibration information transmitted by the particle sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor. 3. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the electronic control module is further configured to provide the calculated failure warning level to an operator of the hydraulic fracturing machine. 4. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the power end includes an inlet valve for providing the fluid to the power end of the pump and an outlet valve for discharge of the fluid from the power end of the pump. 5. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 4, further including two temperature sensors, wherein one temperature sensor is positioned at the inlet valve and one temperature sensor is positioned at the outlet valve, each temperature sensor directly contacting the flow of fluid. 6. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the vibration sensor is coupled to a housing of the power end of the hydraulic pump proximate the plurality of roller bearings. 7. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, further including a plurality of vibration sensors positioned proximate the plurality of roller bearings. 8. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of vibration sensors is coupled to a housing of the power end of the hydraulic pump, and at least one of the plurality of vibration sensors are coupled to a gear cover of the power end of the hydraulic pump. 9. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the particle sensor is positioned downstream from a fluid filter. 10. A failure detection system for a hydraulic pump including a lubrication system the failure detection system comprising:
a particle sensor operatively disposed in the lubrication system, the particle sensor configured to monitor and transmit particle data including a quantity of particles in a lubricant flowing through the lubrication system; an inlet temperature sensor operatively disposed in an inlet valve of the lubrication system and an outlet temperature sensor operatively disposed in an outlet valve of the lubrication system, each of the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor configured to monitor and transmit temperature data including a temperature of the lubricant; a plurality of vibration sensors coupled to a power end of the hydraulic pump, the plurality of vibration sensors configured to monitor and transmit vibration data including an acceleration of each of a plurality of roller bearings; and an electronic control module in operative communication with the particle sensor, the temperature sensor, and the plurality of vibration sensors, the electronic control module coupled to the power end of the hydraulic pump and configured to:
receive the particle data transmitted by the particle sensor;
determine a quantity of particles in the lubricant based on the received particle data;
trigger a quality warning if the quantity of particles exceeds a predetermined threshold particle value;
receive the temperature data transmitted by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
calculate a difference value between the temperature data received from the inlet temperature sensor and the temperature data received from the outlet temperature sensor;
trigger a temperature warning if the difference value exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature value;
receive vibration data transmitted by the plurality of vibration sensors;
trigger a vibration warning if, after performing vibration based detection calculations on the vibration data, a threshold vibration value is exceeded;
calculate a failure warning level of the hydraulic pump based on the quality warning, the temperature warning and the vibration warning; and
transmit the failure warning level to an operator of the hydraulic pump. 11. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the threshold vibration value is determined by the electronic control module based on a current pump speed of the hydraulic pump and a discharge pressure of a fluid flowing through the hydraulic pump. 12. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the lubrication includes a lubricant filter, the particle sensor being positioned downstream from the lubricant filter. 13. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of vibration sensors are coupled to a housing of the power end of the hydraulic pump proximate the plurality of roller bearings. 14. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the calculated warning level is transmitted to the operator via an electronic display. 15. The failure detection system of claim 14, wherein the operator of the hydraulic pump is instructed, via the electronic display, to take actions specific to the calculated failure warning level. 16. A method of detecting a failure of a hydraulic pump, the method comprising:
monitoring discharge pressure signals of a fluid flowing through the hydraulic pump; monitoring pump speed signals of the hydraulic pump; monitoring temperature signals of the fluid; monitoring fluid quality signals of the fluid; monitoring vibration signals of a power end of the hydraulic pump; analyzing the temperature signals to determine a temperature value; analyzing the fluid quality signal to determine a fluid quality value; performing vibration based detection calculations on the vibration signals, the pump speed signals and the discharge pressure signals to determine a vibration value; triggering a temperature warning if the temperature value exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold; triggering a fluid quality warning if the fluid quality value exceeds a predetermined quality threshold; calculating a failure warning level based on the vibration value, the temperature warning and the fluid quality warning; displaying the failure warning level to an operator of the hydraulic pump. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the hydraulic pump includes a power end and a fluid end, the power end including a plurality of roller bearings. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the vibration signals are monitored using a plurality of vibration sensors positioned proximate each of the plurality of roller bearings. 19. The method of claim 18, further including analyzing the vibration signals to identify a location of failure corresponding to at least one of the plurality of roller bearings. 20. The method of claim 19, further including analyzing the vibration signals to identify a type of failure occurring at the location of failure. | A hydraulic fracturing machine includes a pump failure detection system. The hydraulic fracturing machine includes a hydraulic fracturing pump with a power end and a fluid end. The power end includes a plurality of roller bearings, and the fluid end includes a flow of fluid. A particle sensor coupled to the power end is configured to transmit particle information regarding a quantity of particles in the fluid. A temperature sensor, also coupled to the power end, is configured to transmit temperature information regarding a temperature of the fluid. A vibration sensor coupled to the power end is configured to transmit vibration information regarding a vibration of each of the plurality of roller bearings. An electronic control module analyzes the particle information, the temperature information and the vibration information, and calculates a failure warning level based on the analysis.1. A hydraulic fracturing machine with pump failure detection system, the hydraulic fracturing machine comprising:
a hydraulic fracturing pump having a power end and a fluid end, the power end including a plurality of roller bearings, the fluid end having a flow of fluid; a particle sensor coupled to the power end and configured to transmit particle information regarding a quantity of particles in the fluid; a temperature sensor coupled to the power end and configured to transmit temperature information regarding a temperature of the fluid; a vibration sensor coupled to the power end and configured to transmit vibration information regarding a vibration of each of the plurality of roller bearings; and an electronic control module configured to analyze the particle information, the temperature information and the vibration information, and to calculate a failure warning level based on the analysis. 2. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the electronic control module is further configured to receive the particle information, the temperature information and the vibration information transmitted by the particle sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor. 3. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the electronic control module is further configured to provide the calculated failure warning level to an operator of the hydraulic fracturing machine. 4. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the power end includes an inlet valve for providing the fluid to the power end of the pump and an outlet valve for discharge of the fluid from the power end of the pump. 5. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 4, further including two temperature sensors, wherein one temperature sensor is positioned at the inlet valve and one temperature sensor is positioned at the outlet valve, each temperature sensor directly contacting the flow of fluid. 6. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the vibration sensor is coupled to a housing of the power end of the hydraulic pump proximate the plurality of roller bearings. 7. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, further including a plurality of vibration sensors positioned proximate the plurality of roller bearings. 8. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of vibration sensors is coupled to a housing of the power end of the hydraulic pump, and at least one of the plurality of vibration sensors are coupled to a gear cover of the power end of the hydraulic pump. 9. The hydraulic fracturing machine of claim 1, wherein the particle sensor is positioned downstream from a fluid filter. 10. A failure detection system for a hydraulic pump including a lubrication system the failure detection system comprising:
a particle sensor operatively disposed in the lubrication system, the particle sensor configured to monitor and transmit particle data including a quantity of particles in a lubricant flowing through the lubrication system; an inlet temperature sensor operatively disposed in an inlet valve of the lubrication system and an outlet temperature sensor operatively disposed in an outlet valve of the lubrication system, each of the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor configured to monitor and transmit temperature data including a temperature of the lubricant; a plurality of vibration sensors coupled to a power end of the hydraulic pump, the plurality of vibration sensors configured to monitor and transmit vibration data including an acceleration of each of a plurality of roller bearings; and an electronic control module in operative communication with the particle sensor, the temperature sensor, and the plurality of vibration sensors, the electronic control module coupled to the power end of the hydraulic pump and configured to:
receive the particle data transmitted by the particle sensor;
determine a quantity of particles in the lubricant based on the received particle data;
trigger a quality warning if the quantity of particles exceeds a predetermined threshold particle value;
receive the temperature data transmitted by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
calculate a difference value between the temperature data received from the inlet temperature sensor and the temperature data received from the outlet temperature sensor;
trigger a temperature warning if the difference value exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature value;
receive vibration data transmitted by the plurality of vibration sensors;
trigger a vibration warning if, after performing vibration based detection calculations on the vibration data, a threshold vibration value is exceeded;
calculate a failure warning level of the hydraulic pump based on the quality warning, the temperature warning and the vibration warning; and
transmit the failure warning level to an operator of the hydraulic pump. 11. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the threshold vibration value is determined by the electronic control module based on a current pump speed of the hydraulic pump and a discharge pressure of a fluid flowing through the hydraulic pump. 12. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the lubrication includes a lubricant filter, the particle sensor being positioned downstream from the lubricant filter. 13. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of vibration sensors are coupled to a housing of the power end of the hydraulic pump proximate the plurality of roller bearings. 14. The failure detection system of claim 10, wherein the calculated warning level is transmitted to the operator via an electronic display. 15. The failure detection system of claim 14, wherein the operator of the hydraulic pump is instructed, via the electronic display, to take actions specific to the calculated failure warning level. 16. A method of detecting a failure of a hydraulic pump, the method comprising:
monitoring discharge pressure signals of a fluid flowing through the hydraulic pump; monitoring pump speed signals of the hydraulic pump; monitoring temperature signals of the fluid; monitoring fluid quality signals of the fluid; monitoring vibration signals of a power end of the hydraulic pump; analyzing the temperature signals to determine a temperature value; analyzing the fluid quality signal to determine a fluid quality value; performing vibration based detection calculations on the vibration signals, the pump speed signals and the discharge pressure signals to determine a vibration value; triggering a temperature warning if the temperature value exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold; triggering a fluid quality warning if the fluid quality value exceeds a predetermined quality threshold; calculating a failure warning level based on the vibration value, the temperature warning and the fluid quality warning; displaying the failure warning level to an operator of the hydraulic pump. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the hydraulic pump includes a power end and a fluid end, the power end including a plurality of roller bearings. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the vibration signals are monitored using a plurality of vibration sensors positioned proximate each of the plurality of roller bearings. 19. The method of claim 18, further including analyzing the vibration signals to identify a location of failure corresponding to at least one of the plurality of roller bearings. 20. The method of claim 19, further including analyzing the vibration signals to identify a type of failure occurring at the location of failure. | 1,700 |
343,525 | 16,802,937 | 1,712 | A particle coating method includes placing magnetic particles in a vessel, fixing the magnetic particles by a magnetic force caused by a magnetic field generated in the vessel, and forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method. Further, the method preferably includes forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method in a state where the magnetic particles are fixed by the magnetic force in a first direction, thereby obtaining coated magnetic particles, and forming a coating film on surfaces of the coated magnetic particles in a state where the coated magnetic particles are fixed by the magnetic force in a second direction different from the first direction. | 1. A particle coating method, comprising:
placing magnetic particles in a vessel; fixing the magnetic particles by a magnetic force caused by a magnetic field generated in the vessel; and forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method. 2. The particle coating method according to claim 1, comprising:
fixing the magnetic particles by the magnetic force in a first direction; forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method, thereby obtaining coated magnetic particles; fixing the coated magnetic particles by the magnetic force in a second direction different from the first direction; and forming a coating film on surfaces of the coated magnetic particles. 3. The particle coating method according to claim 1, comprising subjecting the magnetic particles to a pretreatment in a state where the magnetic particles are fixed by the magnetic force before forming the coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles. 4. The particle coating method according to claim 3, wherein the pretreatment includes a treatment for oxidizing surfaces of the magnetic particles and a treatment for drying the magnetic particles. 5. The particle coating method according to claim 1, comprising subjecting the magnetic particles having the coating film formed thereon to an aftertreatment in a state where the magnetic particles having the coating film formed thereon are fixed by the magnetic force after forming the coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles. 6. The particle coating method according to claim 5, wherein the aftertreatment includes a treatment for reducing an amount of electric charge generated by electrification of the magnetic particles having the coating film formed thereon. 7. A particle coating apparatus, comprising:
a film formation device that includes a vessel housing magnetic particles, an exhaust portion exhausting and depressurizing the inside of the vessel, and a gas introduction portion introducing a gas into the vessel, and that forms a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method; and a magnetic force generation portion generating a magnetic field in the vessel so as to fix the magnetic particles by a magnetic force caused by the magnetic field. 8. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is provided outside the vessel. 9. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is provided inside the vessel. 10. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is an electromagnet. 11. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is provided movably with respect to the vessel. | A particle coating method includes placing magnetic particles in a vessel, fixing the magnetic particles by a magnetic force caused by a magnetic field generated in the vessel, and forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method. Further, the method preferably includes forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method in a state where the magnetic particles are fixed by the magnetic force in a first direction, thereby obtaining coated magnetic particles, and forming a coating film on surfaces of the coated magnetic particles in a state where the coated magnetic particles are fixed by the magnetic force in a second direction different from the first direction.1. A particle coating method, comprising:
placing magnetic particles in a vessel; fixing the magnetic particles by a magnetic force caused by a magnetic field generated in the vessel; and forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method. 2. The particle coating method according to claim 1, comprising:
fixing the magnetic particles by the magnetic force in a first direction; forming a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method, thereby obtaining coated magnetic particles; fixing the coated magnetic particles by the magnetic force in a second direction different from the first direction; and forming a coating film on surfaces of the coated magnetic particles. 3. The particle coating method according to claim 1, comprising subjecting the magnetic particles to a pretreatment in a state where the magnetic particles are fixed by the magnetic force before forming the coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles. 4. The particle coating method according to claim 3, wherein the pretreatment includes a treatment for oxidizing surfaces of the magnetic particles and a treatment for drying the magnetic particles. 5. The particle coating method according to claim 1, comprising subjecting the magnetic particles having the coating film formed thereon to an aftertreatment in a state where the magnetic particles having the coating film formed thereon are fixed by the magnetic force after forming the coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles. 6. The particle coating method according to claim 5, wherein the aftertreatment includes a treatment for reducing an amount of electric charge generated by electrification of the magnetic particles having the coating film formed thereon. 7. A particle coating apparatus, comprising:
a film formation device that includes a vessel housing magnetic particles, an exhaust portion exhausting and depressurizing the inside of the vessel, and a gas introduction portion introducing a gas into the vessel, and that forms a coating film on surfaces of the magnetic particles by an atomic layer deposition method; and a magnetic force generation portion generating a magnetic field in the vessel so as to fix the magnetic particles by a magnetic force caused by the magnetic field. 8. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is provided outside the vessel. 9. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is provided inside the vessel. 10. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is an electromagnet. 11. The particle coating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force generation portion is provided movably with respect to the vessel. | 1,700 |
343,526 | 16,802,950 | 1,777 | Methods and systems for monitoring fluid levels and electrolyte levels used in a dialysis machine. A receptacle, configured to receive a container, comprises a plurality of curved side panels and a base to form a cylindrical shaped cavity for receiving a container. Each panel includes a conductive material on its inner surface and, optionally, a shielding on its outer surface. An electronics component housed within, or near, the receptacle drives the capacitive process and interprets generated data to determine fluid levels and compositions. An alternate receptacle includes one or two coils wrapped about the container and uses induction to determine fluid level. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A dialysis system configured to monitor a composition of electrolytes in a fluid located within a contained volume, the dialysis system comprising:
a first surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume, wherein the first surface comprises a conductive material; a second surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume; and a circuit in electrical contact with the conductive material, wherein the circuit comprises a processor and a memory storing programmatic instructions that, when executed:
generates a stimulation wave;
transmits the stimulation wave to the first surface;
receives a responsive signal generated by the second surface;
determines capacitance data from the responsive signal;
compares the capacitance data to predetermined capacitance data, wherein the predetermined capacitance data relates capacitance values to known electrolyte compositions; and
determines a composition of electrolytes in the fluid based on the capacitance data and the predetermined capacitance data. 22. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface is electrically isolated from the second surface. 23. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface and the second surface each have a convex shaped surface. 24. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the dialysis system is further configured to monitor a level of the fluid in the contained volume. 25. The dialysis system of claim 24, wherein the predetermined capacitance data relates capacitance values to fluid levels. 26. The dialysis system of claim 25, wherein the circuit is further configured to determines the level of the fluid based on the data derived from the responsive signal and the predetermined capacitance data. 27. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface is in a first panel, wherein the second surface is in a second panel, and wherein the first panel opposes the second panel. 28. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface and the second surface are attached to a common base. 29. The dialysis system of claim 28, wherein the circuit is positioned within the common base. 30. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface comprises a first conductive coil. 31. The dialysis system of claim 31, wherein the second surface comprises a second conductive coil. 32. The dialysis system of claim 21, further comprising a temperature sensor, wherein the circuit is in electrical contact with the temperature sensor. 33. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit is configured to receive data indicative of a temperature from the temperature sensor and determine the composition of the electrolytes in the fluid based, in part, on data indicative of the temperature. 34. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit further comprises an impedance bridge adapted to measure a dissipation factor related to the fluid in the contained volume. 35. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit is configured to distinguish between the fluid without the electrolytes and the fluid with the electrolytes based on the dissipation factor. 36. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit comprises an oscillator and wherein a frequency of the oscillator is a function of a level of the fluid in the contained volume. 37. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface is in a first panel, wherein the second surface is in a second panel, and wherein each of the first surface and the second surface is shaped to match a curvature of an external surface of the contained volume. 38. The dialysis system of claim 37, wherein each of the first panel and the second panel is removably attached to a slot positioned within common base 39. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the first surface or the second surface is defined by a curvature in a range of 2 to 5 degrees. 40. A dialysis system configured to monitor a composition of electrolytes in a fluid located within a contained volume, the dialysis system comprising:
a first surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume, wherein the first surface comprises a conductive material; a second surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume, wherein the first surface comprises the conductive material and wherein the first surface and the second surface are electrically isolated from each other; and a circuit in electrical contact with the conductive material, wherein the circuit comprises a processor and a memory storing programmatic instructions that, when executed:
generates a stimulation wave;
transmits the stimulation wave to the first surface;
receives a responsive signal generated by the second surface;
determines capacitance data from the responsive signal;
compares the capacitance data to predetermined capacitance data, wherein the predetermined capacitance data relates capacitance values to known electrolyte compositions; and
determines a composition of electrolytes in the fluid based on the capacitance data and the predetermined capacitance data. | Methods and systems for monitoring fluid levels and electrolyte levels used in a dialysis machine. A receptacle, configured to receive a container, comprises a plurality of curved side panels and a base to form a cylindrical shaped cavity for receiving a container. Each panel includes a conductive material on its inner surface and, optionally, a shielding on its outer surface. An electronics component housed within, or near, the receptacle drives the capacitive process and interprets generated data to determine fluid levels and compositions. An alternate receptacle includes one or two coils wrapped about the container and uses induction to determine fluid level.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A dialysis system configured to monitor a composition of electrolytes in a fluid located within a contained volume, the dialysis system comprising:
a first surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume, wherein the first surface comprises a conductive material; a second surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume; and a circuit in electrical contact with the conductive material, wherein the circuit comprises a processor and a memory storing programmatic instructions that, when executed:
generates a stimulation wave;
transmits the stimulation wave to the first surface;
receives a responsive signal generated by the second surface;
determines capacitance data from the responsive signal;
compares the capacitance data to predetermined capacitance data, wherein the predetermined capacitance data relates capacitance values to known electrolyte compositions; and
determines a composition of electrolytes in the fluid based on the capacitance data and the predetermined capacitance data. 22. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface is electrically isolated from the second surface. 23. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface and the second surface each have a convex shaped surface. 24. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the dialysis system is further configured to monitor a level of the fluid in the contained volume. 25. The dialysis system of claim 24, wherein the predetermined capacitance data relates capacitance values to fluid levels. 26. The dialysis system of claim 25, wherein the circuit is further configured to determines the level of the fluid based on the data derived from the responsive signal and the predetermined capacitance data. 27. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface is in a first panel, wherein the second surface is in a second panel, and wherein the first panel opposes the second panel. 28. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface and the second surface are attached to a common base. 29. The dialysis system of claim 28, wherein the circuit is positioned within the common base. 30. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface comprises a first conductive coil. 31. The dialysis system of claim 31, wherein the second surface comprises a second conductive coil. 32. The dialysis system of claim 21, further comprising a temperature sensor, wherein the circuit is in electrical contact with the temperature sensor. 33. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit is configured to receive data indicative of a temperature from the temperature sensor and determine the composition of the electrolytes in the fluid based, in part, on data indicative of the temperature. 34. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit further comprises an impedance bridge adapted to measure a dissipation factor related to the fluid in the contained volume. 35. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit is configured to distinguish between the fluid without the electrolytes and the fluid with the electrolytes based on the dissipation factor. 36. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the circuit comprises an oscillator and wherein a frequency of the oscillator is a function of a level of the fluid in the contained volume. 37. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein the first surface is in a first panel, wherein the second surface is in a second panel, and wherein each of the first surface and the second surface is shaped to match a curvature of an external surface of the contained volume. 38. The dialysis system of claim 37, wherein each of the first panel and the second panel is removably attached to a slot positioned within common base 39. The dialysis system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the first surface or the second surface is defined by a curvature in a range of 2 to 5 degrees. 40. A dialysis system configured to monitor a composition of electrolytes in a fluid located within a contained volume, the dialysis system comprising:
a first surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume, wherein the first surface comprises a conductive material; a second surface positioned external to, and proximate to, the contained volume, wherein the first surface comprises the conductive material and wherein the first surface and the second surface are electrically isolated from each other; and a circuit in electrical contact with the conductive material, wherein the circuit comprises a processor and a memory storing programmatic instructions that, when executed:
generates a stimulation wave;
transmits the stimulation wave to the first surface;
receives a responsive signal generated by the second surface;
determines capacitance data from the responsive signal;
compares the capacitance data to predetermined capacitance data, wherein the predetermined capacitance data relates capacitance values to known electrolyte compositions; and
determines a composition of electrolytes in the fluid based on the capacitance data and the predetermined capacitance data. | 1,700 |
343,527 | 16,802,952 | 1,777 | A surveillance camera is equipped with a capturing unit to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a tip portion of the visor. | 1. A surveillance camera comprising:
a capturing unit that is configured to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers, from above, a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a protrusion tip portion of the visor in such a manner that a tip inner circumferential surface of the visor recedes from a tip of an outer circumferential surface of the visor in direction opposite to projection of the visor. 2. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the water repelling portion has
a first tip surface that is connected to the tip outer circumferential surface,
a tip bottom surface that is connected to and bends inward from the first tip surface and
a second tip surface that is connected to the tip inner circumferential surface, and
the tip bottom surface and the second tip surface form an acute angle. 3. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor is formed in an inverted-U-shaped gutter that is open at the bottom. 4. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor has
a top protrusion tip portion and
a bottom protrusion tip portion that recedes from the top protrusion tip portion in the direction opposite to projection of the visor. 5. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
a glass plate which covers a lens of the capturing unit is disposed deep inside the visor so as to be inclined forward with respect to an imaginary line that is perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens. 6. The surveillance camera according to claim 5, wherein:
a capturing unit opening where a bottom plate portion is provided is formed in a main body front portion of the main body; and a bottom plate tip portion of the bottom plate portion is exposed as a result of forward inclination of the glass plate and retreat of a bottom portion of the glass plate, the bottom plate being formed with a cut right under an illuminance sensor provided under the glass plate. | A surveillance camera is equipped with a capturing unit to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a tip portion of the visor.1. A surveillance camera comprising:
a capturing unit that is configured to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers, from above, a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a protrusion tip portion of the visor in such a manner that a tip inner circumferential surface of the visor recedes from a tip of an outer circumferential surface of the visor in direction opposite to projection of the visor. 2. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the water repelling portion has
a first tip surface that is connected to the tip outer circumferential surface,
a tip bottom surface that is connected to and bends inward from the first tip surface and
a second tip surface that is connected to the tip inner circumferential surface, and
the tip bottom surface and the second tip surface form an acute angle. 3. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor is formed in an inverted-U-shaped gutter that is open at the bottom. 4. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor has
a top protrusion tip portion and
a bottom protrusion tip portion that recedes from the top protrusion tip portion in the direction opposite to projection of the visor. 5. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
a glass plate which covers a lens of the capturing unit is disposed deep inside the visor so as to be inclined forward with respect to an imaginary line that is perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens. 6. The surveillance camera according to claim 5, wherein:
a capturing unit opening where a bottom plate portion is provided is formed in a main body front portion of the main body; and a bottom plate tip portion of the bottom plate portion is exposed as a result of forward inclination of the glass plate and retreat of a bottom portion of the glass plate, the bottom plate being formed with a cut right under an illuminance sensor provided under the glass plate. | 1,700 |
343,528 | 16,802,948 | 1,777 | A surveillance camera is equipped with a capturing unit to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a tip portion of the visor. | 1. A surveillance camera comprising:
a capturing unit that is configured to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers, from above, a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a protrusion tip portion of the visor in such a manner that a tip inner circumferential surface of the visor recedes from a tip of an outer circumferential surface of the visor in direction opposite to projection of the visor. 2. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the water repelling portion has
a first tip surface that is connected to the tip outer circumferential surface,
a tip bottom surface that is connected to and bends inward from the first tip surface and
a second tip surface that is connected to the tip inner circumferential surface, and
the tip bottom surface and the second tip surface form an acute angle. 3. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor is formed in an inverted-U-shaped gutter that is open at the bottom. 4. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor has
a top protrusion tip portion and
a bottom protrusion tip portion that recedes from the top protrusion tip portion in the direction opposite to projection of the visor. 5. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
a glass plate which covers a lens of the capturing unit is disposed deep inside the visor so as to be inclined forward with respect to an imaginary line that is perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens. 6. The surveillance camera according to claim 5, wherein:
a capturing unit opening where a bottom plate portion is provided is formed in a main body front portion of the main body; and a bottom plate tip portion of the bottom plate portion is exposed as a result of forward inclination of the glass plate and retreat of a bottom portion of the glass plate, the bottom plate being formed with a cut right under an illuminance sensor provided under the glass plate. | A surveillance camera is equipped with a capturing unit to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a tip portion of the visor.1. A surveillance camera comprising:
a capturing unit that is configured to capture a subject; an illumination unit that applies illumination light to the subject; a main body that is approximately formed in a cuboid that is long in a top-bottom direction and has an internal housing space that is partitioned by a partition plate into a lower space that houses the capturing unit and an upper space that houses the illumination unit; a visor that projects from a front surface of the main body so as to be inclined forward and covers, from above, a light-receiving space formed in front of the capturing unit; and a water repelling portion that is formed in step form in a protrusion tip portion of the visor in such a manner that a tip inner circumferential surface of the visor recedes from a tip of an outer circumferential surface of the visor in direction opposite to projection of the visor. 2. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the water repelling portion has
a first tip surface that is connected to the tip outer circumferential surface,
a tip bottom surface that is connected to and bends inward from the first tip surface and
a second tip surface that is connected to the tip inner circumferential surface, and
the tip bottom surface and the second tip surface form an acute angle. 3. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor is formed in an inverted-U-shaped gutter that is open at the bottom. 4. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the visor has
a top protrusion tip portion and
a bottom protrusion tip portion that recedes from the top protrusion tip portion in the direction opposite to projection of the visor. 5. The surveillance camera according to claim 1, wherein:
a glass plate which covers a lens of the capturing unit is disposed deep inside the visor so as to be inclined forward with respect to an imaginary line that is perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens. 6. The surveillance camera according to claim 5, wherein:
a capturing unit opening where a bottom plate portion is provided is formed in a main body front portion of the main body; and a bottom plate tip portion of the bottom plate portion is exposed as a result of forward inclination of the glass plate and retreat of a bottom portion of the glass plate, the bottom plate being formed with a cut right under an illuminance sensor provided under the glass plate. | 1,700 |
343,529 | 16,802,916 | 1,777 | Methods and kits for treating oral mucositis are disclosed. The treatment comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a Reactive Oxygen Species scavenger in a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. | 1. A method of treating an oral mucositis in a subject, the method comprising administering a superoxide dismutase mimetic to a subject in need thereof. 2. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the administering lessens the severity of the oral mucositis in a subject. 3. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 4. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, Fe6+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu1+, Cu2+, V2+, V3+, V4+, or V5+. 5. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, and Fe6+. 6. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein M is Mn2+. 7. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula. 8. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, Fe6+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu1+, Cu2+, V2+, V3+, V4+, and V5+. 9. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, and Fe6+. 10. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein M is Mn2+. 11. A method in accordance with claim 7, where W is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridino moiety. 12. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 13. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, Fe6+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu1+, Cu2+, V2+, V3+, V4+, and V5+. 14. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, and Fe6+. 15. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein M is Mn2+. 16. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are saturated cycloalkyl heterocycles having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. 17. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are saturated cycloalkyl heterocycles having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. 18. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are trans-cyclohexanyl fused rings. 19. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein W is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridino moiety. 20. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are trans-cyclohexanyl fused rings and W is a substituted pyridino moiety. 21. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 22. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal 23. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 22, wherein the mammal is a human patient in need thereof. 24. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the subject is receiving a cancer treatment. 25. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the cancer treatment comprises chemotherapy. 26. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the cancer treatment comprises radiation therapy. 27. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the administering occurs prior to the subject receiving the cancer treatment. 28. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the administering occurs subsequent to the subject receiving the cancer treatment. 29. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the administering occurs simultaneous with the subject receiving the cancer treatment. 30. A method of treating a cancer, the method comprising:
a) administering to a subject in need of cancer treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a superoxide dismutase mimetic; and b) administering to the subject an effective amount of a cancer treatment, whereby the superoxide dismutase mimetic prevents or reduces oral mucositis in the subject. 31. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the cancer treatment comprises radiation therapy. 32. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the cancer treatment comprises chemotherapy. 33. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a reactive oxygen species scavenger; and wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one additional reactive oxygen species scavenger. 34. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 33, wherein the at least one additional reactive oxygen species scavenger is selected from the group consisting of amifostine and N-acetylcysteine. 35. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the method further comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition which upregulates expression of at least one transcription factor which increases expression of one or more genes controlling at least one naturally occurring antioxidant pathway. 36. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 35, wherein the at least one transcription factor is Nrf-2 37. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 35, wherein the composition which upregulates expression of at least one transcription factor is palifermin 38. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the subject is a mammal 39. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the mammal is a human patient in need thereof. 40. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 41. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 42. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 43. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 44. A kit comprising a superoxide dismutase mimetic and at least one additional pharmaceutical compound selected from the group consisting of a chemotherapeutic agent and a non-superoxide dismustase mimetic radical scavenger. 45. A kit in accordance with claim 44, further comprising instructions for administering the superoxide dismutase mimetic to a subject in need of amelioration of oral mucositis resulting from a cancer therapy. 46. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from a group consisting of all-trans retinoic acid, azacitidine, azathioprine, bleomycin, carboplatin, capecitabine, cisplatin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, daunorubicin, docetaxel, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, epothilone, etoposide, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, idarubicin, imatinib, mechlorethamine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, teniposide, tiguanine, valrubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine. 47. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the non-superoxide dismutase mimetic radical scavenger is selected from the group consisting of amifostine and N-acetylcysteine. 48. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 49. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: | Methods and kits for treating oral mucositis are disclosed. The treatment comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a Reactive Oxygen Species scavenger in a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation.1. A method of treating an oral mucositis in a subject, the method comprising administering a superoxide dismutase mimetic to a subject in need thereof. 2. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the administering lessens the severity of the oral mucositis in a subject. 3. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 4. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, Fe6+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu1+, Cu2+, V2+, V3+, V4+, or V5+. 5. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, and Fe6+. 6. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein M is Mn2+. 7. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula. 8. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, Fe6+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu1+, Cu2+, V2+, V3+, V4+, and V5+. 9. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, and Fe6+. 10. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein M is Mn2+. 11. A method in accordance with claim 7, where W is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridino moiety. 12. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 13. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, Fe6+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Cu1+, Cu2+, V2+, V3+, V4+, and V5+. 14. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, Mn7+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe4+, and Fe6+. 15. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein M is Mn2+. 16. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are saturated cycloalkyl heterocycles having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. 17. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are saturated cycloalkyl heterocycles having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. 18. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are trans-cyclohexanyl fused rings. 19. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein W is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridino moiety. 20. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein U and V are trans-cyclohexanyl fused rings and W is a substituted pyridino moiety. 21. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 22. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal 23. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 22, wherein the mammal is a human patient in need thereof. 24. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 1, wherein the subject is receiving a cancer treatment. 25. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the cancer treatment comprises chemotherapy. 26. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the cancer treatment comprises radiation therapy. 27. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the administering occurs prior to the subject receiving the cancer treatment. 28. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the administering occurs subsequent to the subject receiving the cancer treatment. 29. A method of treating an oral mucositis in accordance with claim 24, wherein the administering occurs simultaneous with the subject receiving the cancer treatment. 30. A method of treating a cancer, the method comprising:
a) administering to a subject in need of cancer treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a superoxide dismutase mimetic; and b) administering to the subject an effective amount of a cancer treatment, whereby the superoxide dismutase mimetic prevents or reduces oral mucositis in the subject. 31. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the cancer treatment comprises radiation therapy. 32. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the cancer treatment comprises chemotherapy. 33. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a reactive oxygen species scavenger; and wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one additional reactive oxygen species scavenger. 34. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 33, wherein the at least one additional reactive oxygen species scavenger is selected from the group consisting of amifostine and N-acetylcysteine. 35. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the method further comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition which upregulates expression of at least one transcription factor which increases expression of one or more genes controlling at least one naturally occurring antioxidant pathway. 36. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 35, wherein the at least one transcription factor is Nrf-2 37. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 35, wherein the composition which upregulates expression of at least one transcription factor is palifermin 38. A method of treating a cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the subject is a mammal 39. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the mammal is a human patient in need thereof. 40. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 41. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 42. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 43. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 30, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 44. A kit comprising a superoxide dismutase mimetic and at least one additional pharmaceutical compound selected from the group consisting of a chemotherapeutic agent and a non-superoxide dismustase mimetic radical scavenger. 45. A kit in accordance with claim 44, further comprising instructions for administering the superoxide dismutase mimetic to a subject in need of amelioration of oral mucositis resulting from a cancer therapy. 46. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from a group consisting of all-trans retinoic acid, azacitidine, azathioprine, bleomycin, carboplatin, capecitabine, cisplatin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, daunorubicin, docetaxel, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, epothilone, etoposide, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, idarubicin, imatinib, mechlorethamine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, teniposide, tiguanine, valrubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine. 47. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the non-superoxide dismutase mimetic radical scavenger is selected from the group consisting of amifostine and N-acetylcysteine. 48. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: 49. A kit in accordance with claim 44, wherein the superoxide dismutase mimetic is a compound represented by the formula: | 1,700 |
343,530 | 16,802,922 | 1,777 | A recording method for using a line-type recording apparatus to scan a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to the recording width of the recording medium, the method including a treatment liquid deposition step of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium, and an ink deposition step of ejecting a coloring ink composition from the line heads to deposit the coloring ink composition on the recording medium, wherein in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition is ejected from a first line head placed on the upstream side in the transport direction perpendicular to the width direction of the recording medium and from a second line head placed on the downstream side in the transport direction. | 1. A recording method for using a line-type recording apparatus to scan a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to a recording width of the recording medium, the method comprising:
a treatment liquid deposition step of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium; and an ink deposition step of ejecting a coloring ink composition from the line heads to deposit the coloring ink composition on the recording medium, wherein in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition is ejected from a first line head placed on an upstream side in a transport direction perpendicular to a width direction of the recording medium and from a second line head placed on a downstream side in the transport direction. 2. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
in the ink deposition step a coloring ink composition different from the identical coloring ink composition ejected from the first line head and the second line head is ejected from a third line head placed between the first line head and the second line head. 3. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition different from the identical coloring ink composition ejected from the first line head and the second line head is ejected from a line head placed on the upstream side in the transport direction and from a line head placed on the downstream side in the transport direction and is deposited on the recording medium. 4. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the ink deposition step is performed while the recording medium is transported in the transport direction at a transport speed of 30 m/min or more. 5. The recording method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heating step of heating the recording medium before or during the ink deposition step, wherein the coloring ink composition is deposited on the heated recording medium in the ink deposition step. 6. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition is deposited on the recording medium with a surface temperature of 45° C. or less in the ink deposition step. 7. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains an organic solvent, and an organic solvent content is 15% or less by mass of a total amount of the coloring ink composition. 8. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains an organic solvent with a normal boiling point of 170° C. to 280° C. 9. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains an alkanediol solvent or a glycol ether solvent as the organic solvent. 10. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains fine resin particles, and a fine resin particle content ranges from 1% to 15% by mass of a total amount of the coloring ink composition. 11. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the recording medium is a non-absorbing recording medium. 12. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
a maximum amount of the coloring ink composition deposited ranges from 5 to 15 mg/inch2. 13. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
in the ink deposition step a white ink composition containing a white coloring material is ejected from the line heads and is deposited on the recording medium. 14. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the identical coloring ink composition is a non-white ink composition, in the ink deposition step a white ink composition containing a white coloring material is further ejected from the line heads and is deposited on the recording medium, and a number of line heads from which the white ink composition is ejected is smaller than a number of line heads from which the identical coloring ink composition is ejected. 15. The recording method according to claim 14, wherein
an image of the white ink composition and an image of the non-white ink composition overlap, and the line heads from which the white ink composition is ejected is located in the transport direction downstream of the first line head and the second line head from which the identical coloring ink composition is ejected. 16. A line-type recording apparatus for scanning a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to a recording width of the recording medium, the line-type recording apparatus comprising:
a treatment liquid deposition mechanism of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium; and a first line head and a second line head as the line heads to eject an identical coloring ink composition for recording, the first line head being placed on an upstream side in a transport direction of the recording medium, the second line head being placed on a downstream side in the transport direction of the recording medium. | A recording method for using a line-type recording apparatus to scan a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to the recording width of the recording medium, the method including a treatment liquid deposition step of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium, and an ink deposition step of ejecting a coloring ink composition from the line heads to deposit the coloring ink composition on the recording medium, wherein in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition is ejected from a first line head placed on the upstream side in the transport direction perpendicular to the width direction of the recording medium and from a second line head placed on the downstream side in the transport direction.1. A recording method for using a line-type recording apparatus to scan a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to a recording width of the recording medium, the method comprising:
a treatment liquid deposition step of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium; and an ink deposition step of ejecting a coloring ink composition from the line heads to deposit the coloring ink composition on the recording medium, wherein in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition is ejected from a first line head placed on an upstream side in a transport direction perpendicular to a width direction of the recording medium and from a second line head placed on a downstream side in the transport direction. 2. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
in the ink deposition step a coloring ink composition different from the identical coloring ink composition ejected from the first line head and the second line head is ejected from a third line head placed between the first line head and the second line head. 3. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition different from the identical coloring ink composition ejected from the first line head and the second line head is ejected from a line head placed on the upstream side in the transport direction and from a line head placed on the downstream side in the transport direction and is deposited on the recording medium. 4. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the ink deposition step is performed while the recording medium is transported in the transport direction at a transport speed of 30 m/min or more. 5. The recording method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heating step of heating the recording medium before or during the ink deposition step, wherein the coloring ink composition is deposited on the heated recording medium in the ink deposition step. 6. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition is deposited on the recording medium with a surface temperature of 45° C. or less in the ink deposition step. 7. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains an organic solvent, and an organic solvent content is 15% or less by mass of a total amount of the coloring ink composition. 8. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains an organic solvent with a normal boiling point of 170° C. to 280° C. 9. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains an alkanediol solvent or a glycol ether solvent as the organic solvent. 10. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains fine resin particles, and a fine resin particle content ranges from 1% to 15% by mass of a total amount of the coloring ink composition. 11. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the recording medium is a non-absorbing recording medium. 12. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
a maximum amount of the coloring ink composition deposited ranges from 5 to 15 mg/inch2. 13. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
in the ink deposition step a white ink composition containing a white coloring material is ejected from the line heads and is deposited on the recording medium. 14. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
the identical coloring ink composition is a non-white ink composition, in the ink deposition step a white ink composition containing a white coloring material is further ejected from the line heads and is deposited on the recording medium, and a number of line heads from which the white ink composition is ejected is smaller than a number of line heads from which the identical coloring ink composition is ejected. 15. The recording method according to claim 14, wherein
an image of the white ink composition and an image of the non-white ink composition overlap, and the line heads from which the white ink composition is ejected is located in the transport direction downstream of the first line head and the second line head from which the identical coloring ink composition is ejected. 16. A line-type recording apparatus for scanning a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to a recording width of the recording medium, the line-type recording apparatus comprising:
a treatment liquid deposition mechanism of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium; and a first line head and a second line head as the line heads to eject an identical coloring ink composition for recording, the first line head being placed on an upstream side in a transport direction of the recording medium, the second line head being placed on a downstream side in the transport direction of the recording medium. | 1,700 |
343,531 | 16,802,927 | 1,777 | An electronic system and an operation method thereof are disclosed. A method of an electronic system including a field programmable gate array (FPGA) includes: synthesizing, by processing circuitry, code of a high level language into code of a hardware description language; designing, by the processing circuitry, a circuit of an intellectual property (IP) block included in the field programmable gate array according to the code of the hardware description language; and generating, by the processing circuitry, a database containing reference assembly code corresponding to the code of the high level language and information about a circuit configuration of the intellectual property block. | 1. An operation method of an electronic system comprising a field programmable gate array, the operation method comprising:
synthesizing, by processing circuitry, code of a high level language into code of a hardware description language; designing, by the processing circuitry, a circuit of an intellectual property block included in the field programmable gate array according to the code of the hardware description language; and generating, by the processing circuitry, a database containing reference assembly code corresponding to the code of the high level language and information about a circuit configuration of the intellectual property block. 2. The operation method of claim 1,
the operation method further comprising:
converting, by the processing circuitry, machine code stored in a memory of the electronic system into assembly code; and
matching, by the processing circuitry, the assembly code to reference assembly code in the database; and
the designing including designing, by the processing circuitry, the circuit of the intellectual property block based on the reference assembly code. 3. The operation method of claim 2, wherein the machine code corresponds to code configured to execute an application stored in the electronic system. 4. The operation method of claim 2, wherein the machine code is executable by a virtual machine in the electronic system. 5. The operation method of claim 2, wherein the matching of the assembly code to the reference assembly code in the database comprises matching, by the processing circuitry, at least one instruction of the assembly code to at least one instruction of the reference assembly code. 6. The operation method of claim 2, further comprising:
allocating, by the processing circuitry, at least some of a plurality of tasks to be processed by the electronic system to the field programmable gate array, wherein the machine code corresponds to the at least some of the plurality of tasks allocated to the field programmable gate array. 7. The operation method of claim 2, further comprises:
analyzing, by the processing circuitry, a power characteristic and a clock signal characteristic of a circuit configuration corresponding to the reference assembly code to produce an analysis result; and designing, by the processing circuitry, the circuit of the intellectual property block to include a power gating device and a clock gating device based on the analysis result. 8. The operation method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the code of the high level language is unable to be synthesized into the code of the high level language; and converting, by the processing circuitry, the code of the high level language into code of another high level language based on determining that the code is unable to be synthesized into the high level language; and synthesizing, by the processing circuitry, the code of the another high level language into the code of the hardware description language. 9. The operation method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, by the processing circuitry, a characteristic table containing information about an operation characteristic of the intellectual property block according to the circuit configuration of the intellectual property block. 10.-16. (canceled) 17. An operation method of an electronic system comprising a field programmable gate array, the operation method comprising:
selecting, by processing circuitry, first code and second code from among code corresponding to a plurality of tasks to be processed by the electronic system; converting, by the processing circuitry, the first code and the second code into code of hardware description languages, respectively; loading, by the processing circuitry, a first intellectual property block in a first sub-array of the field programmable gate array based on the code of the hardware description language into which the first code is converted; and loading, by the processing circuitry, a second intellectual property block in a second sub-array of the field programmable gate array based on the code of the hardware description language into which the second code is converted. 18. The operation method of claim 17, further comprising:
converting, by the processing circuitry, third code selected from the code corresponding to the plurality of tasks into code of a hardware description language; and loading, by the processing circuitry, a third intellectual property block in the first sub-array according to the code of the hardware description language into which the third code is converted. 19. The operation method of claim 18, wherein the loading of the third intellectual property block in the first sub-array comprises:
re-converting, by the processing circuitry, the first code into code of a hardware description language; and loading, by the processing circuitry, in the first sub-array, an intellectual property block corresponding to the code of the hardware description language into which the first code is re-converted. 20. The operation method of claim 17, wherein
the selecting of the first code and the second code is based on an operation speed or power consumption of the first intellectual property block or the second intellectual property block. | An electronic system and an operation method thereof are disclosed. A method of an electronic system including a field programmable gate array (FPGA) includes: synthesizing, by processing circuitry, code of a high level language into code of a hardware description language; designing, by the processing circuitry, a circuit of an intellectual property (IP) block included in the field programmable gate array according to the code of the hardware description language; and generating, by the processing circuitry, a database containing reference assembly code corresponding to the code of the high level language and information about a circuit configuration of the intellectual property block.1. An operation method of an electronic system comprising a field programmable gate array, the operation method comprising:
synthesizing, by processing circuitry, code of a high level language into code of a hardware description language; designing, by the processing circuitry, a circuit of an intellectual property block included in the field programmable gate array according to the code of the hardware description language; and generating, by the processing circuitry, a database containing reference assembly code corresponding to the code of the high level language and information about a circuit configuration of the intellectual property block. 2. The operation method of claim 1,
the operation method further comprising:
converting, by the processing circuitry, machine code stored in a memory of the electronic system into assembly code; and
matching, by the processing circuitry, the assembly code to reference assembly code in the database; and
the designing including designing, by the processing circuitry, the circuit of the intellectual property block based on the reference assembly code. 3. The operation method of claim 2, wherein the machine code corresponds to code configured to execute an application stored in the electronic system. 4. The operation method of claim 2, wherein the machine code is executable by a virtual machine in the electronic system. 5. The operation method of claim 2, wherein the matching of the assembly code to the reference assembly code in the database comprises matching, by the processing circuitry, at least one instruction of the assembly code to at least one instruction of the reference assembly code. 6. The operation method of claim 2, further comprising:
allocating, by the processing circuitry, at least some of a plurality of tasks to be processed by the electronic system to the field programmable gate array, wherein the machine code corresponds to the at least some of the plurality of tasks allocated to the field programmable gate array. 7. The operation method of claim 2, further comprises:
analyzing, by the processing circuitry, a power characteristic and a clock signal characteristic of a circuit configuration corresponding to the reference assembly code to produce an analysis result; and designing, by the processing circuitry, the circuit of the intellectual property block to include a power gating device and a clock gating device based on the analysis result. 8. The operation method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the code of the high level language is unable to be synthesized into the code of the high level language; and converting, by the processing circuitry, the code of the high level language into code of another high level language based on determining that the code is unable to be synthesized into the high level language; and synthesizing, by the processing circuitry, the code of the another high level language into the code of the hardware description language. 9. The operation method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, by the processing circuitry, a characteristic table containing information about an operation characteristic of the intellectual property block according to the circuit configuration of the intellectual property block. 10.-16. (canceled) 17. An operation method of an electronic system comprising a field programmable gate array, the operation method comprising:
selecting, by processing circuitry, first code and second code from among code corresponding to a plurality of tasks to be processed by the electronic system; converting, by the processing circuitry, the first code and the second code into code of hardware description languages, respectively; loading, by the processing circuitry, a first intellectual property block in a first sub-array of the field programmable gate array based on the code of the hardware description language into which the first code is converted; and loading, by the processing circuitry, a second intellectual property block in a second sub-array of the field programmable gate array based on the code of the hardware description language into which the second code is converted. 18. The operation method of claim 17, further comprising:
converting, by the processing circuitry, third code selected from the code corresponding to the plurality of tasks into code of a hardware description language; and loading, by the processing circuitry, a third intellectual property block in the first sub-array according to the code of the hardware description language into which the third code is converted. 19. The operation method of claim 18, wherein the loading of the third intellectual property block in the first sub-array comprises:
re-converting, by the processing circuitry, the first code into code of a hardware description language; and loading, by the processing circuitry, in the first sub-array, an intellectual property block corresponding to the code of the hardware description language into which the first code is re-converted. 20. The operation method of claim 17, wherein
the selecting of the first code and the second code is based on an operation speed or power consumption of the first intellectual property block or the second intellectual property block. | 1,700 |
343,532 | 16,802,936 | 1,777 | A substrate processing method includes etching a substrate having a first film and a second film at a first etching rate; changing an etching rate from the first etching rate to a second etching rate; and etching the substrate at the second etching rate. | 1. A substrate processing method, comprising:
etching a substrate having a first film and a second film at a first etching rate; changing an etching rate from the first etching rate to a second etching rate; and etching the substrate at the second etching rate. 2. The substrate processing method of claim 1,
wherein the second etching rate is lower than the first etching rate. 3. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate and the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is etched by supplying a chemical liquid containing multiple components to the substrate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by changing a mixing ratio of the multiple components. 4. The substrate processing method of claim 3,
wherein the first film is any one of a tungsten film, a molybdenum film, an osmium film, an iridium film, a ruthenium film, a rhodium film, a copper film and a nickel film, the second film is any one of a titanium nitride film and a tantalum nitride film, the chemical liquid contains phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid and water, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by lowering a mixing ratio of the water in the chemical liquid. 5. The substrate processing method of claim 4,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate and the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is etched by immersing the substrate in the chemical liquid stored in a processing tub, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by draining some of the chemical liquid from the processing tub and supplying a new chemical liquid having a lower mixing ratio of the water than the drained chemical liquid into the processing tub. 6. The substrate processing method of claim 5,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 7. The substrate processing method of claim 4,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 8. The substrate processing method of claim 3,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 9. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate and the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is etched by supplying a chemical liquid to the substrate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by changing a temperature of the chemical liquid from a first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature. 10. The substrate processing method of claim 9,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 11. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 12. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the substrate is immersed in a first processing tub configured to store a first chemical liquid having the first etching rate as the etching rate, in the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is immersed in a second processing tub configured to store a second chemical liquid having the second etching rate as the etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by moving the substrate from the first processing tub to the second processing tub. 13. A substrate processing apparatus, comprising:
a supply configured to supply a chemical liquid to a substrate having a first film and a second film; a change unit configured to change supply conditions of the chemical liquid supplied from the supply; and a controller configured to perform a first etching processing of etching the substrate with the chemical liquid at a first etching rate, a change processing of changing an etching rate to a second etching rate different from the first etching rate by controlling the change unit, and a second etching processing of etching the substrate with the chemical liquid at the second etching rate. 14. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the chemical liquid contains multiple components, the change unit changes a mixing ratio of the multiple components in the chemical liquid, and the controller controls the change unit to change the mixing ratio of the multiple components and lower the etching rate from the first etching rate to the second etching rate. 15. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the change unit changes a temperature of the chemical liquid, and the controller lowers the etching rate from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by controlling the change unit to change the temperature of the chemical liquid from a first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature. 16. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a first processing tub configured to store, as the chemical liquid, a first chemical liquid having the first etching rate as the etching rate; and a second processing tub configured to store, as the chemical liquid, a second chemical liquid having the second etching rate as the etching rate, wherein the supply includes: a first chemical liquid supply configured to supply the first chemical liquid into the first processing tub; and a second chemical liquid supply configured to supply the second chemical liquid into the second processing tub, and wherein the change unit is a moving mechanism configured to move the substrate from the first processing tub to the second processing tub. 17. A computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, cause a substrate processing apparatus to perform a substrate processing method as claimed in claim 1. | A substrate processing method includes etching a substrate having a first film and a second film at a first etching rate; changing an etching rate from the first etching rate to a second etching rate; and etching the substrate at the second etching rate.1. A substrate processing method, comprising:
etching a substrate having a first film and a second film at a first etching rate; changing an etching rate from the first etching rate to a second etching rate; and etching the substrate at the second etching rate. 2. The substrate processing method of claim 1,
wherein the second etching rate is lower than the first etching rate. 3. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate and the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is etched by supplying a chemical liquid containing multiple components to the substrate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by changing a mixing ratio of the multiple components. 4. The substrate processing method of claim 3,
wherein the first film is any one of a tungsten film, a molybdenum film, an osmium film, an iridium film, a ruthenium film, a rhodium film, a copper film and a nickel film, the second film is any one of a titanium nitride film and a tantalum nitride film, the chemical liquid contains phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid and water, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by lowering a mixing ratio of the water in the chemical liquid. 5. The substrate processing method of claim 4,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate and the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is etched by immersing the substrate in the chemical liquid stored in a processing tub, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by draining some of the chemical liquid from the processing tub and supplying a new chemical liquid having a lower mixing ratio of the water than the drained chemical liquid into the processing tub. 6. The substrate processing method of claim 5,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 7. The substrate processing method of claim 4,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 8. The substrate processing method of claim 3,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 9. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate and the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is etched by supplying a chemical liquid to the substrate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by changing a temperature of the chemical liquid from a first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature. 10. The substrate processing method of claim 9,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 11. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein the second film is covered by the first film, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the first film is etched at the first etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate of the first film is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate before the second film is exposed through the first film. 12. The substrate processing method of claim 2,
wherein, in the etching of the substrate at the first etching rate, the substrate is immersed in a first processing tub configured to store a first chemical liquid having the first etching rate as the etching rate, in the etching of the substrate at the second etching rate, the substrate is immersed in a second processing tub configured to store a second chemical liquid having the second etching rate as the etching rate, and in the changing of the etching rate, the etching rate is lowered from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by moving the substrate from the first processing tub to the second processing tub. 13. A substrate processing apparatus, comprising:
a supply configured to supply a chemical liquid to a substrate having a first film and a second film; a change unit configured to change supply conditions of the chemical liquid supplied from the supply; and a controller configured to perform a first etching processing of etching the substrate with the chemical liquid at a first etching rate, a change processing of changing an etching rate to a second etching rate different from the first etching rate by controlling the change unit, and a second etching processing of etching the substrate with the chemical liquid at the second etching rate. 14. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the chemical liquid contains multiple components, the change unit changes a mixing ratio of the multiple components in the chemical liquid, and the controller controls the change unit to change the mixing ratio of the multiple components and lower the etching rate from the first etching rate to the second etching rate. 15. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the change unit changes a temperature of the chemical liquid, and the controller lowers the etching rate from the first etching rate to the second etching rate by controlling the change unit to change the temperature of the chemical liquid from a first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature. 16. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a first processing tub configured to store, as the chemical liquid, a first chemical liquid having the first etching rate as the etching rate; and a second processing tub configured to store, as the chemical liquid, a second chemical liquid having the second etching rate as the etching rate, wherein the supply includes: a first chemical liquid supply configured to supply the first chemical liquid into the first processing tub; and a second chemical liquid supply configured to supply the second chemical liquid into the second processing tub, and wherein the change unit is a moving mechanism configured to move the substrate from the first processing tub to the second processing tub. 17. A computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, cause a substrate processing apparatus to perform a substrate processing method as claimed in claim 1. | 1,700 |
343,533 | 16,802,944 | 1,777 | Example embodiments relate to methods for producing a probe suitable for scanning probe microscopy. One embodiment includes a method for producing a probe tip suitable for scanning probe microscopy. The method includes producing a probe tip body that includes at least an outer layer of a probe material. The method also includes, during the production of the probe tip body or after the production, forming a mask layer on the outer layer of probe material. Further, the method includes subjecting the probe tip body to a plasma etch procedure. The mask layer acts as an etch mask for the plasma etch procedure. The plasma etch procedure and the etch mask are configured to produce one or more tip portions formed of the probe material. The one or more tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body prior to the plasma etch procedure. | 1. A method for producing a probe tip suitable for scanning probe microscopy (SPM), comprising:
producing a probe tip body comprising at least an outer layer of a probe material; during the production of the probe tip body or after the production, forming a mask layer on the outer layer of probe material; and subjecting the probe tip body to a plasma etch procedure, wherein the mask layer acts as an etch mask for the plasma etch procedure, wherein the plasma etch procedure and the etch mask are configured to produce one or more tip portions formed of the probe material, and wherein the one or more tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body prior to the plasma etch procedure. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mask layer comprises a layer of irregular thickness formed prior to the plasma etch procedure, and wherein the layer of irregular thickness acts as the etch mask for the plasma etch procedure. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the layer of irregular thickness comprises compounds formed spontaneously on a surface of the probe tip body after the production of the probe tip body and prior to the plasma etch procedure. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the layer of irregular thickness comprises particles deposited deliberately on the probe tip body after the production of the probe tip body and prior to the plasma etch procedure. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probe tip body is produced by producing a mold in a substrate and by depositing the probe material in the mold, wherein seed particles are deposited in the mold prior to depositing the probe material therein, and wherein the layer of irregular thickness comprises the seed particles. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the layer of irregular thickness further comprises compounds formed spontaneously on a surface of the mold. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plasma etch procedure comprises:
a first etch process performed during a first etch time and configured to produce craters in the layer of irregular thickness; and a second etch process performed during a second etch time that is longer than the first etch time and configured to produce the one or more tip portions. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the probe tip body is attached to a cantilever, wherein particles of the cantilever are sputtered during the plasma etch procedure and deposited onto the probe tip body, and wherein the sputtered particles of the cantilever contribute to the formation of the mask layer during a remainder of the plasma etch procedure. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein at an end of the plasma etch procedure, the one or more tip portions are distributed across a totality of the probe tip body. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the probe tip body is pyramid-shaped, and wherein, at an end of the plasma etch procedure, the one or more tip portions are present on an apex area of the probe tip body and no tip portions are present on side planes of the probe tip body because:
a higher concentration of masking particles is deposited on the apex area than on the side planes during the plasma etch procedure; or the probe tip body comprises a core and, on the core, a layer of the probe material, wherein a thickness of the layer of the probe material is higher on the apex area than on the side planes such that, at the end of the plasma etch procedure, the probe material is removed from the side planes. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the probe material is diamond. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps performed after the plasma etch procedure:
depositing a capping layer on the one or more tip portions, thereby covering the one or more tip portions entirely; and subjecting the one or more tip portions to an additional plasma etch process configured to remove the capping layer from a tip area of the one or more tip portions, while substantially maintaining the capping layer around a lateral surface of the one or more tip portions, wherein the tip area includes apexes of the one or more tip portions. 13. A probe tip suitable for scanning probe microscopy (SPM), comprising a probe tip body comprising at least an outer layer of a probe material, wherein a plurality of tip portions formed of the probe material are distributed across a totality of the probe tip body, and wherein the tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body. 14. The probe tip according to claim 13, wherein the tip portions comprise a capping layer on their outer surface except on a tip area of the tip portions, and wherein the tip area comprises an apex of the tip portions. 15. A probe comprising:
a cantilever; a holder to which the cantilever is attached; and a probe tip attached to a distal end of the cantilever, wherein the probe tip is suitable for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and comprises a probe tip body comprising at least an outer layer of a probe material, wherein a plurality of tip portions formed of the probe material are distributed across a totality of the probe tip body, and wherein the tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body. 16. The probe according to claim 15, wherein the tip portions comprise a capping layer on their outer surface except on a tip area of the tip portions, and wherein the tip area comprises an apex of the tip portions. | Example embodiments relate to methods for producing a probe suitable for scanning probe microscopy. One embodiment includes a method for producing a probe tip suitable for scanning probe microscopy. The method includes producing a probe tip body that includes at least an outer layer of a probe material. The method also includes, during the production of the probe tip body or after the production, forming a mask layer on the outer layer of probe material. Further, the method includes subjecting the probe tip body to a plasma etch procedure. The mask layer acts as an etch mask for the plasma etch procedure. The plasma etch procedure and the etch mask are configured to produce one or more tip portions formed of the probe material. The one or more tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body prior to the plasma etch procedure.1. A method for producing a probe tip suitable for scanning probe microscopy (SPM), comprising:
producing a probe tip body comprising at least an outer layer of a probe material; during the production of the probe tip body or after the production, forming a mask layer on the outer layer of probe material; and subjecting the probe tip body to a plasma etch procedure, wherein the mask layer acts as an etch mask for the plasma etch procedure, wherein the plasma etch procedure and the etch mask are configured to produce one or more tip portions formed of the probe material, and wherein the one or more tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body prior to the plasma etch procedure. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mask layer comprises a layer of irregular thickness formed prior to the plasma etch procedure, and wherein the layer of irregular thickness acts as the etch mask for the plasma etch procedure. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the layer of irregular thickness comprises compounds formed spontaneously on a surface of the probe tip body after the production of the probe tip body and prior to the plasma etch procedure. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the layer of irregular thickness comprises particles deposited deliberately on the probe tip body after the production of the probe tip body and prior to the plasma etch procedure. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probe tip body is produced by producing a mold in a substrate and by depositing the probe material in the mold, wherein seed particles are deposited in the mold prior to depositing the probe material therein, and wherein the layer of irregular thickness comprises the seed particles. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the layer of irregular thickness further comprises compounds formed spontaneously on a surface of the mold. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plasma etch procedure comprises:
a first etch process performed during a first etch time and configured to produce craters in the layer of irregular thickness; and a second etch process performed during a second etch time that is longer than the first etch time and configured to produce the one or more tip portions. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the probe tip body is attached to a cantilever, wherein particles of the cantilever are sputtered during the plasma etch procedure and deposited onto the probe tip body, and wherein the sputtered particles of the cantilever contribute to the formation of the mask layer during a remainder of the plasma etch procedure. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein at an end of the plasma etch procedure, the one or more tip portions are distributed across a totality of the probe tip body. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the probe tip body is pyramid-shaped, and wherein, at an end of the plasma etch procedure, the one or more tip portions are present on an apex area of the probe tip body and no tip portions are present on side planes of the probe tip body because:
a higher concentration of masking particles is deposited on the apex area than on the side planes during the plasma etch procedure; or the probe tip body comprises a core and, on the core, a layer of the probe material, wherein a thickness of the layer of the probe material is higher on the apex area than on the side planes such that, at the end of the plasma etch procedure, the probe material is removed from the side planes. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the probe material is diamond. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps performed after the plasma etch procedure:
depositing a capping layer on the one or more tip portions, thereby covering the one or more tip portions entirely; and subjecting the one or more tip portions to an additional plasma etch process configured to remove the capping layer from a tip area of the one or more tip portions, while substantially maintaining the capping layer around a lateral surface of the one or more tip portions, wherein the tip area includes apexes of the one or more tip portions. 13. A probe tip suitable for scanning probe microscopy (SPM), comprising a probe tip body comprising at least an outer layer of a probe material, wherein a plurality of tip portions formed of the probe material are distributed across a totality of the probe tip body, and wherein the tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body. 14. The probe tip according to claim 13, wherein the tip portions comprise a capping layer on their outer surface except on a tip area of the tip portions, and wherein the tip area comprises an apex of the tip portions. 15. A probe comprising:
a cantilever; a holder to which the cantilever is attached; and a probe tip attached to a distal end of the cantilever, wherein the probe tip is suitable for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and comprises a probe tip body comprising at least an outer layer of a probe material, wherein a plurality of tip portions formed of the probe material are distributed across a totality of the probe tip body, and wherein the tip portions are smaller and more pointed than the probe tip body. 16. The probe according to claim 15, wherein the tip portions comprise a capping layer on their outer surface except on a tip area of the tip portions, and wherein the tip area comprises an apex of the tip portions. | 1,700 |
343,534 | 16,802,940 | 1,777 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a first wireless communication device. The method obtains a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) to be transmitted to a second wireless communication device. The method then transmits the CBs to the second wireless communication device in multiple transmissions, such that an order of the CBs for each transmission is determined by a permutation order for that transmission. | 1. A method for wireless communications by a first wireless communication device, comprising:
obtaining a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) to be transmitted to a second wireless communication device; and transmitting the CBs to the second wireless communication device in multiple transmissions, wherein an order of the CBs for each transmission is determined by a permutation order for that transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless communication device, preconfigured at the first wireless communication device, or configured at the first wireless communication device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
each transmission is across multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs); each TTI spans at least two time slots; and the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of time slots in the multiple TTIs. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising indicating a redundancy version (RV) index and a corresponding permutation order as part of a control transmission. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order for each transmission is indicated as an index into a table of allowed permutation orders. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the CBs are sent via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) incremental redundancy (IR); and the transmissions are sent with different redundancy versions (RVs). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the CBs are sent via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Chase combining (CC); and the transmissions are sent with a same redundancy version (RV). 10. A method for wireless communications by a first wireless communication device, comprising:
receiving a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) transmitted from a second wireless communication device via multiple transmissions; determining a permutation order used to transmit the CBs in the multiple transmissions; and processing the CBs according to the permutation order. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless communication device, preconfigured at the first wireless communication device, or configured at the first wireless communication device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
each transmission is across multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs); each TTI spans at least two time slots; and the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of time slots in the multiple TTIs. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining a redundancy version (RV) index and a corresponding permutation order based on a decoded control transmission. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order for each transmission is indicated as an index into a table of allowed permutation orders. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the CBs are processed via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) incremental redundancy (IR); and the transmissions are sent with different redundancy versions (RVs). 18. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the CBs are processed via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Chase combining (CC); and the transmissions are sent with a same redundancy version (RV). 19. A first wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: obtain a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) to be transmitted to a second wireless communication device; and transmit the CBs to the second wireless communication device in multiple transmissions, wherein an order of the CBs for each transmission is determined by a permutation order of that transmission. 20. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 21. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless device, preconfigured at the first wireless device, or configured at the first wireless device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 22. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein:
each transmission is across multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs); each TTI spans at least two time slots; and the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of time slots in the multiple TTIs. 23. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein:
the CBs are sent via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) incremental redundancy (IR); and the transmissions are sent with different redundancy versions (RVs). 24. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 25. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order for each transmission is indicated as an index into a table of allowed permutation orders. 26. A first wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: receive a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) transmitted from a second wireless communication device via multiple transmissions; determine a permutation order used to transmit the CBs in the multiple transmissions; and process the CBs according to the permutation order. 27. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 28. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless communication device, preconfigured at the first wireless communication device, or configured at the first wireless communication device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 29. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 30. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein:
the CBs are processed via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Chase combining (CC); and the transmissions are sent with a same redundancy version (RV). | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a first wireless communication device. The method obtains a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) to be transmitted to a second wireless communication device. The method then transmits the CBs to the second wireless communication device in multiple transmissions, such that an order of the CBs for each transmission is determined by a permutation order for that transmission.1. A method for wireless communications by a first wireless communication device, comprising:
obtaining a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) to be transmitted to a second wireless communication device; and transmitting the CBs to the second wireless communication device in multiple transmissions, wherein an order of the CBs for each transmission is determined by a permutation order for that transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless communication device, preconfigured at the first wireless communication device, or configured at the first wireless communication device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
each transmission is across multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs); each TTI spans at least two time slots; and the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of time slots in the multiple TTIs. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising indicating a redundancy version (RV) index and a corresponding permutation order as part of a control transmission. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the permutation order for each transmission is indicated as an index into a table of allowed permutation orders. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the CBs are sent via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) incremental redundancy (IR); and the transmissions are sent with different redundancy versions (RVs). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the CBs are sent via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Chase combining (CC); and the transmissions are sent with a same redundancy version (RV). 10. A method for wireless communications by a first wireless communication device, comprising:
receiving a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) transmitted from a second wireless communication device via multiple transmissions; determining a permutation order used to transmit the CBs in the multiple transmissions; and processing the CBs according to the permutation order. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless communication device, preconfigured at the first wireless communication device, or configured at the first wireless communication device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
each transmission is across multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs); each TTI spans at least two time slots; and the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of time slots in the multiple TTIs. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining a redundancy version (RV) index and a corresponding permutation order based on a decoded control transmission. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the permutation order for each transmission is indicated as an index into a table of allowed permutation orders. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the CBs are processed via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) incremental redundancy (IR); and the transmissions are sent with different redundancy versions (RVs). 18. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the CBs are processed via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Chase combining (CC); and the transmissions are sent with a same redundancy version (RV). 19. A first wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: obtain a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) to be transmitted to a second wireless communication device; and transmit the CBs to the second wireless communication device in multiple transmissions, wherein an order of the CBs for each transmission is determined by a permutation order of that transmission. 20. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 21. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless device, preconfigured at the first wireless device, or configured at the first wireless device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 22. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein:
each transmission is across multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs); each TTI spans at least two time slots; and the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of time slots in the multiple TTIs. 23. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein:
the CBs are sent via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) incremental redundancy (IR); and the transmissions are sent with different redundancy versions (RVs). 24. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 25. The first wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the permutation order for each transmission is indicated as an index into a table of allowed permutation orders. 26. A first wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: receive a set of code blocks (CBs) of a transport block (TB) transmitted from a second wireless communication device via multiple transmissions; determine a permutation order used to transmit the CBs in the multiple transmissions; and process the CBs according to the permutation order. 27. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the permutation order is designed to ensure different CBs are subject to different amounts of puncturing in different transmissions. 28. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the permutation order is one of: configured at the first wireless communication device, preconfigured at the first wireless communication device, or configured at the first wireless communication device via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 29. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the permutation order depends, at least in part, on a number of code blocks in the set, and a position of vulnerable resources among resources used for the transmissions. 30. The first wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein:
the CBs are processed via Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Chase combining (CC); and the transmissions are sent with a same redundancy version (RV). | 1,700 |
343,535 | 16,802,946 | 2,416 | One or more embodiments of devices, systems and method are provided for receiving and transmitting signals over a time division duplex (TDD) communication path. Signals are received over the TDD communication path via a first portion of a first frequency band. A method may include sending a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path and receiving a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path. The uplink portion arises over an uplink period and the downlink portion arises over a downlink period. The TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an FDD communication path. The uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band. The downlink portion of the TDD communication path may be contiguous with the broadcast communication path. | 1. A method comprising:
sending a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path;
wherein the uplink portion arises over an uplink period; and
receiving a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path;
wherein the downlink portion arises over a downlink period;
wherein the TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an FDD communication path; and wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the broadcast communication path. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the FDD communication path. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the FDD communication path by a downlink guard band. 5. The method of claim 4,
wherein the TDD communication path arises over a first band; wherein the broadcast communication path arises over a second band; wherein the FDD communication path is an uplink FDD communication path; wherein the uplink FDD communication path arises over a third band; and wherein the first band is disposed between and mutually exclusive of each of the second band and the third band. 6. A method comprising:
sending a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path;
wherein the uplink portion arises over an uplink period; and
receiving a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path;
wherein the downlink portion arises over a downlink period;
wherein the TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an uplink FDD communication path; wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band; wherein each of the TDD communication path, the broadcast communication path and the uplink FDD communication path are operable over a communication time (t0-t2) spanning, in sequence, an initial time (t0), a first time (0), and a second time (t2); wherein for the TDD communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is allocated into each of a TDD receive time slot (t0-t1) and a TDD transmit time slot (t1-t2);
wherein the TDD receive time slot begins at substantially the initial time (t0) and ends at substantially the first time (0);
wherein the TDD transmit time begins at substantially the first time (0) and ends at substantially the second time (t2);
wherein for the broadcast communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is second allocated into a broadcast time slot (t0-t2) starting at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending substantially at the second time (t2); and wherein for the uplink FDD communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is third allocated into an FDD uplink time slot (t0-t2) starting at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending at substantially the second time (t2). 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein a time guard separates the TDD receive time slot (t0-t1) from the TDD transmit time slot (t1-t2). 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein the uplink period is substantially the same as the downlink period. 9. The method of claim 7,
wherein the TDD signal is communicated using a first communications system; wherein a broadcast signal is communicated using a second communications system; and wherein an uplink FDD signal is communicated using a third communications system. 10. An apparatus comprising:
a communications device configured to: send a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path;
wherein the first uplink portion arises over an uplink period; and
receive a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path;
wherein the downlink portion arises over a downlink period;
wherein the TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an uplink FDD communication path; and wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band. 11. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the broadcast communication path. 12. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the uplink FDD communication path. 13. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the uplink FDD communication path by a downlink guard band. 14. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the TDD communication path arises over a first band; wherein the broadcast communication path arises over a second band; wherein the uplink FDD communication path arises over a third band; and wherein the first band is disposed between and mutually exclusive of each of the second band and the third band. 15. The apparatus claim 10,
wherein each of the TDD communication path, the broadcast communication path, and the uplink FDD communication path are operable over a communication time (t0-t2) spanning, in sequence, an initial time (t0), a first time (t1), and a second time (t2); wherein for the TDD communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is first allocated into a TDD receive time slot and a TDD transmit time slot;
wherein the TDD receive time slot begins at substantially the initial time (t0) and ends at substantially the first time (0); and
wherein the TDD transmit time slot begins at substantially the first time (t1) and ends at substantially the second time (t2);
wherein for the broadcast communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is second allocated into a broadcast time slot beginning at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending at substantially the second time (t2); and wherein for the uplink FDD communication path, the communication time is third allocated into an FDD uplink time slot beginning at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending at substantially the second time (t2). 16. The apparatus of claim 15,
wherein a time guard separates the TDD receive time slot from the TDD transmit time slot. 17. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the uplink period is substantially the same as the downlink period. 18. The apparatus of claim 17,
wherein the TDD signal is communicated using a first communications system; wherein a broadcast signal is communicated using a second communications system; and wherein an FDD signal is communicated a third communications system. 19. The apparatus of claim 15,
wherein the uplink guard band is operative from the initial time (t0) until the first time (t1). 20. The apparatus of claim 19,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the uplink FDD communication path by a downlink guard band; and wherein the downlink guard band is operative from the first time (t1) until the second time (t2). | One or more embodiments of devices, systems and method are provided for receiving and transmitting signals over a time division duplex (TDD) communication path. Signals are received over the TDD communication path via a first portion of a first frequency band. A method may include sending a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path and receiving a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path. The uplink portion arises over an uplink period and the downlink portion arises over a downlink period. The TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an FDD communication path. The uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band. The downlink portion of the TDD communication path may be contiguous with the broadcast communication path.1. A method comprising:
sending a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path;
wherein the uplink portion arises over an uplink period; and
receiving a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path;
wherein the downlink portion arises over a downlink period;
wherein the TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an FDD communication path; and wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the broadcast communication path. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the FDD communication path. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the FDD communication path by a downlink guard band. 5. The method of claim 4,
wherein the TDD communication path arises over a first band; wherein the broadcast communication path arises over a second band; wherein the FDD communication path is an uplink FDD communication path; wherein the uplink FDD communication path arises over a third band; and wherein the first band is disposed between and mutually exclusive of each of the second band and the third band. 6. A method comprising:
sending a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path;
wherein the uplink portion arises over an uplink period; and
receiving a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path;
wherein the downlink portion arises over a downlink period;
wherein the TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an uplink FDD communication path; wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band; wherein each of the TDD communication path, the broadcast communication path and the uplink FDD communication path are operable over a communication time (t0-t2) spanning, in sequence, an initial time (t0), a first time (0), and a second time (t2); wherein for the TDD communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is allocated into each of a TDD receive time slot (t0-t1) and a TDD transmit time slot (t1-t2);
wherein the TDD receive time slot begins at substantially the initial time (t0) and ends at substantially the first time (0);
wherein the TDD transmit time begins at substantially the first time (0) and ends at substantially the second time (t2);
wherein for the broadcast communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is second allocated into a broadcast time slot (t0-t2) starting at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending substantially at the second time (t2); and wherein for the uplink FDD communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is third allocated into an FDD uplink time slot (t0-t2) starting at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending at substantially the second time (t2). 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein a time guard separates the TDD receive time slot (t0-t1) from the TDD transmit time slot (t1-t2). 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein the uplink period is substantially the same as the downlink period. 9. The method of claim 7,
wherein the TDD signal is communicated using a first communications system; wherein a broadcast signal is communicated using a second communications system; and wherein an uplink FDD signal is communicated using a third communications system. 10. An apparatus comprising:
a communications device configured to: send a time division duplex (TDD) signal via an uplink portion of a TDD communication path;
wherein the first uplink portion arises over an uplink period; and
receive a TDD signal via a downlink portion of the TDD communication path;
wherein the downlink portion arises over a downlink period;
wherein the TDD communication path is disposed between and mutually exclusive of a broadcast communication path and an uplink FDD communication path; and wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the broadcast communication path by an uplink guard band. 11. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the broadcast communication path. 12. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the uplink portion of the TDD communication path is contiguous with the uplink FDD communication path. 13. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the uplink FDD communication path by a downlink guard band. 14. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the TDD communication path arises over a first band; wherein the broadcast communication path arises over a second band; wherein the uplink FDD communication path arises over a third band; and wherein the first band is disposed between and mutually exclusive of each of the second band and the third band. 15. The apparatus claim 10,
wherein each of the TDD communication path, the broadcast communication path, and the uplink FDD communication path are operable over a communication time (t0-t2) spanning, in sequence, an initial time (t0), a first time (t1), and a second time (t2); wherein for the TDD communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is first allocated into a TDD receive time slot and a TDD transmit time slot;
wherein the TDD receive time slot begins at substantially the initial time (t0) and ends at substantially the first time (0); and
wherein the TDD transmit time slot begins at substantially the first time (t1) and ends at substantially the second time (t2);
wherein for the broadcast communication path, the communication time (t0-t2) is second allocated into a broadcast time slot beginning at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending at substantially the second time (t2); and wherein for the uplink FDD communication path, the communication time is third allocated into an FDD uplink time slot beginning at substantially the initial time (t0) and ending at substantially the second time (t2). 16. The apparatus of claim 15,
wherein a time guard separates the TDD receive time slot from the TDD transmit time slot. 17. The apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the uplink period is substantially the same as the downlink period. 18. The apparatus of claim 17,
wherein the TDD signal is communicated using a first communications system; wherein a broadcast signal is communicated using a second communications system; and wherein an FDD signal is communicated a third communications system. 19. The apparatus of claim 15,
wherein the uplink guard band is operative from the initial time (t0) until the first time (t1). 20. The apparatus of claim 19,
wherein the downlink portion of the TDD communication path is separated from the uplink FDD communication path by a downlink guard band; and wherein the downlink guard band is operative from the first time (t1) until the second time (t2). | 2,400 |
343,536 | 16,802,905 | 2,416 | Computer-implemented methods, non-transitory, computer-readable media, and computer-implemented systems for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing are described. In one computer-implemented method, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user is received and used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the user in a third-party service system. The agreement signing transaction includes agreement signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user. Withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain is invoked to check whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain. If yes, the tripartite agreement is created that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user and published to the blockchain for certificate storage. | 1. A computer-implemented method for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing, comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user, wherein the agreement signing transaction is used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for the user for a payment order, the payment order is a payment order of the user in a third-party service system, and the agreement signing transaction comprises signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user; in response to receiving the agreement signing transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on a blockchain in determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on a blockchain; in response to determining that there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain, creating, by the blockchain node, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user; and publishing, by the blockchain node, the tripartite agreement to the blockchain. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether there is the withholding agreement on the blockchain; and further determining whether the withholding agreement is valid. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the creating, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user, and the publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
creating the tripartite agreement based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement; publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage; and creating a second smart contract associated with the tripartite agreement and publishing the second smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the second smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, further comprising:
receiving a withholding transaction from the payment system connected to the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction comprises withholding information of the payment order for the user in the third-party service system; in response to the withholding transaction, invoking criterion verification logic declared in the first smart contract to verify whether the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement; and in response to determining the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement, further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user, causing the payment system performs deduction processing for the user based on the withholding information in response to receiving a verification result indicates that the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user is verified. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 4, further comprising:
marking the tripartite agreement as an effective state based on an effective time described in the tripartite agreement after the tripartite agreement is created; and the further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user comprises: determining whether there is the tripartite agreement; and in response to determining there is the tripartite agreement, further determining whether the tripartite agreement is in the effective state. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, further comprising:
receiving a modification transaction submitted by the user, wherein the modification transaction comprises modification information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; in response to receiving the modification transaction, creating an updated tripartite agreement based on the modification information; creating a third smart contract associated with the updated tripartite agreement; and publishing the third smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the third smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the updated tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an agreement cancellation transaction submitted by the user, wherein the agreement cancellation transaction comprises agreement cancellation information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; and in response to receiving the agreement cancellation transaction, marking the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user as an ineffective state. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform one or more operations for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing, comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user, wherein the agreement signing transaction is used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for the user for a payment order, the payment order is a payment order of the user in a third-party service system, and the agreement signing transaction comprises signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user; in response to receiving the agreement signing transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on a blockchain in determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain; in response to determining that there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain, creating, by the blockchain node, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user; and publishing, by the blockchain node, the tripartite agreement to the blockchain. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether there is the withholding agreement on the blockchain; and further determining whether the withholding agreement is valid. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the creating, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user, and publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
creating the tripartite agreement based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement; publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage; and creating a second smart contract associated with the tripartite agreement and publishing the second smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the second smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
receiving a withholding transaction from the payment system connected to the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction comprises withholding information of the payment order for the user in the third-party service system; in response to the withholding transaction, invoking criterion verification logic declared in the first smart contract to verify whether the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement; and in response to determining the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement, further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user, causing the payment system performs deduction processing for the user based on the withholding information in response to receiving a verification result indicates that the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user is verified. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
marking the tripartite agreement as an effective state based on an effective time described in the tripartite agreement after the tripartite agreement is created; and the further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user comprises: determining whether there is the tripartite agreement; and in response to determining there is the tripartite agreement, further determining whether the tripartite agreement is in the effective state. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
receiving a modification transaction submitted by the user, wherein the modification transaction comprises modification information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; in response to receiving the modification transaction, creating an updated tripartite agreement based on the modification information; creating a third smart contract associated with the updated tripartite agreement; and publishing the third smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the third smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the updated tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
receiving an agreement cancellation transaction submitted by the user, wherein the agreement cancellation transaction comprises agreement cancellation information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; and in response to receiving the agreement cancellation transaction, marking the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user as an ineffective state. 15. A computer-implemented system for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user, wherein the agreement signing transaction is used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for the user for a payment order, the payment order is a payment order of the user in a third-party service system, and the agreement signing transaction comprises signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user;
in response to receiving the agreement signing transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on a blockchain in determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain;
in response to determining that there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain, creating, by the blockchain node, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user; and
publishing, by the blockchain node, the tripartite agreement to the blockchain. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether there is the withholding agreement on the blockchain; and further determining whether the withholding agreement is valid. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the creating, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user, and publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
creating the tripartite agreement based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement; publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage; and creating a second smart contract associated with the tripartite agreement and publishing the second smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the second smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a withholding transaction from the payment system connected to the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction comprises withholding information of the payment order for the user in the third-party service system; in response to the withholding transaction, invoking criterion verification logic declared in the first smart contract to verify whether the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement; and in response to determining the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement, further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user, causing the payment system performs deduction processing for the user based on the withholding information in response to receiving a verification result indicates that the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user is verified, wherein the operations further comprise:
marking the tripartite agreement as an effective state based on an effective time described in the tripartite agreement after the tripartite agreement is created; and
the further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user comprises: determining whether there is the tripartite agreement; and in response to determining there is the tripartite agreement, further determining whether the tripartite agreement is in the effective state. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a modification transaction submitted by the user, wherein the modification transaction comprises modification information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; in response to receiving the modification transaction, creating an updated tripartite agreement based on the modification information; creating a third smart contract associated with the updated tripartite agreement; and publishing the third smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the third smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the updated tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving an agreement cancellation transaction submitted by the user, wherein the agreement cancellation transaction comprises agreement cancellation information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; and in response to receiving the agreement cancellation transaction, marking the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user as an ineffective state. | Computer-implemented methods, non-transitory, computer-readable media, and computer-implemented systems for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing are described. In one computer-implemented method, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user is received and used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the user in a third-party service system. The agreement signing transaction includes agreement signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user. Withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain is invoked to check whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain. If yes, the tripartite agreement is created that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user and published to the blockchain for certificate storage.1. A computer-implemented method for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing, comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user, wherein the agreement signing transaction is used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for the user for a payment order, the payment order is a payment order of the user in a third-party service system, and the agreement signing transaction comprises signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user; in response to receiving the agreement signing transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on a blockchain in determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on a blockchain; in response to determining that there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain, creating, by the blockchain node, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user; and publishing, by the blockchain node, the tripartite agreement to the blockchain. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether there is the withholding agreement on the blockchain; and further determining whether the withholding agreement is valid. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the creating, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user, and the publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
creating the tripartite agreement based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement; publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage; and creating a second smart contract associated with the tripartite agreement and publishing the second smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the second smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, further comprising:
receiving a withholding transaction from the payment system connected to the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction comprises withholding information of the payment order for the user in the third-party service system; in response to the withholding transaction, invoking criterion verification logic declared in the first smart contract to verify whether the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement; and in response to determining the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement, further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user, causing the payment system performs deduction processing for the user based on the withholding information in response to receiving a verification result indicates that the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user is verified. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 4, further comprising:
marking the tripartite agreement as an effective state based on an effective time described in the tripartite agreement after the tripartite agreement is created; and the further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user comprises: determining whether there is the tripartite agreement; and in response to determining there is the tripartite agreement, further determining whether the tripartite agreement is in the effective state. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, further comprising:
receiving a modification transaction submitted by the user, wherein the modification transaction comprises modification information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; in response to receiving the modification transaction, creating an updated tripartite agreement based on the modification information; creating a third smart contract associated with the updated tripartite agreement; and publishing the third smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the third smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the updated tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an agreement cancellation transaction submitted by the user, wherein the agreement cancellation transaction comprises agreement cancellation information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; and in response to receiving the agreement cancellation transaction, marking the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user as an ineffective state. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform one or more operations for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing, comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user, wherein the agreement signing transaction is used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for the user for a payment order, the payment order is a payment order of the user in a third-party service system, and the agreement signing transaction comprises signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user; in response to receiving the agreement signing transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on a blockchain in determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain; in response to determining that there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain, creating, by the blockchain node, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user; and publishing, by the blockchain node, the tripartite agreement to the blockchain. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether there is the withholding agreement on the blockchain; and further determining whether the withholding agreement is valid. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the creating, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user, and publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
creating the tripartite agreement based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement; publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage; and creating a second smart contract associated with the tripartite agreement and publishing the second smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the second smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
receiving a withholding transaction from the payment system connected to the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction comprises withholding information of the payment order for the user in the third-party service system; in response to the withholding transaction, invoking criterion verification logic declared in the first smart contract to verify whether the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement; and in response to determining the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement, further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user, causing the payment system performs deduction processing for the user based on the withholding information in response to receiving a verification result indicates that the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user is verified. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
marking the tripartite agreement as an effective state based on an effective time described in the tripartite agreement after the tripartite agreement is created; and the further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user comprises: determining whether there is the tripartite agreement; and in response to determining there is the tripartite agreement, further determining whether the tripartite agreement is in the effective state. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
receiving a modification transaction submitted by the user, wherein the modification transaction comprises modification information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; in response to receiving the modification transaction, creating an updated tripartite agreement based on the modification information; creating a third smart contract associated with the updated tripartite agreement; and publishing the third smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the third smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the updated tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
receiving an agreement cancellation transaction submitted by the user, wherein the agreement cancellation transaction comprises agreement cancellation information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; and in response to receiving the agreement cancellation transaction, marking the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user as an ineffective state. 15. A computer-implemented system for blockchain-based payment withholding and agreement signing, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node, an agreement signing transaction submitted by a user, wherein the agreement signing transaction is used to authorize a payment system to provide a payment withholding service for the user for a payment order, the payment order is a payment order of the user in a third-party service system, and the agreement signing transaction comprises signing information of a tripartite agreement submitted by the user;
in response to receiving the agreement signing transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, withholding verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on a blockchain in determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain;
in response to determining that there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain, creating, by the blockchain node, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user; and
publishing, by the blockchain node, the tripartite agreement to the blockchain. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the determining whether there is a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the third-party service system on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether there is the withholding agreement on the blockchain; and further determining whether the withholding agreement is valid. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the creating, based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement, the tripartite agreement that authorizes the payment system to provide the payment withholding service for the payment order for the user, and publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
creating the tripartite agreement based on the signing information of the tripartite agreement; publishing the tripartite agreement to the blockchain for certificate storage; and creating a second smart contract associated with the tripartite agreement and publishing the second smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the second smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a withholding transaction from the payment system connected to the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction comprises withholding information of the payment order for the user in the third-party service system; in response to the withholding transaction, invoking criterion verification logic declared in the first smart contract to verify whether the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement; and in response to determining the withholding information satisfies a withholding criterion set forth in the withholding agreement, further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user, causing the payment system performs deduction processing for the user based on the withholding information in response to receiving a verification result indicates that the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user is verified, wherein the operations further comprise:
marking the tripartite agreement as an effective state based on an effective time described in the tripartite agreement after the tripartite agreement is created; and
the further invoking the tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract to check whether there is the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user comprises: determining whether there is the tripartite agreement; and in response to determining there is the tripartite agreement, further determining whether the tripartite agreement is in the effective state. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a modification transaction submitted by the user, wherein the modification transaction comprises modification information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; in response to receiving the modification transaction, creating an updated tripartite agreement based on the modification information; creating a third smart contract associated with the updated tripartite agreement; and publishing the third smart contract to the blockchain, wherein the third smart contract declares tripartite verification logic that is used to verify the updated tripartite agreement corresponding to the user. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving an agreement cancellation transaction submitted by the user, wherein the agreement cancellation transaction comprises agreement cancellation information for the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user; and in response to receiving the agreement cancellation transaction, marking the tripartite agreement corresponding to the user as an ineffective state. | 2,400 |
343,537 | 16,802,920 | 2,416 | A method for forming a layer comprising SiOCN on a substrate is disclosed. An exemplary method includes thermally depositing the layer comprising SiOCN on a surface of the substrate. The layer comprising SiOCN can be used for various applications, including spacers, etch stop layers, and etch resistant layers. | 1. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber; and using a thermal cyclic deposition process, depositing a layer comprising SiOCN on the surface of the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN comprises atomic layer deposition. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature of a susceptor within the reaction chamber during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is between about 300° C. and about 600° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a pressure within the reaction chamber during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is between about 0.5 Torr and about 50 Torr. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN comprises about 5% to about 60% carbon. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure comprises an etch stop layer comprising the layer comprising SiOCN. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a precursor used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl bis(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)disilane, 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-DI(2,2-Dimethylhydrazino)-2,3-disilabutane, and other silanes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a reactant used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of N2O, NH3, O2, H2O, H2O2 and a hydrazine. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein only a precursor and no reactant are used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN forms an etch block layer for an oxide etch process. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN forms a layer for a spacer. 12. A structure formed according to the method of claim 1. 13. The structure of claim 12 comprising a feature, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN is conformally deposited overlying the feature. 14. The structure of claim 12 comprising an etch stop layer comprising the layer comprising SiOCN. 15. The structure of claim 12 comprising a spacer formed using the layer comprising the layer comprising SiOCN. 16. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber; and using a thermal cyclic deposition process, depositing a layer comprising SiOCN on the surface of the substrate, wherein a pressure within the reaction chamber is between about 0.5 and about 50, and wherein a temperature of a susceptor within the reaction chamber during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is between about 300° C. and about 600° C. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein a precursor used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl bis(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)disilane, 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-DI (2,2-Dimethylhydrazino)-2,3-disilabutane. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein a reactant used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of N2O, NH3, O2, H2O and H2O2 or no reactant. 19. A structure formed according to the method of claim 16. 20. The structure of claim 19 comprising a feature, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN is conformally deposited onto the feature. | A method for forming a layer comprising SiOCN on a substrate is disclosed. An exemplary method includes thermally depositing the layer comprising SiOCN on a surface of the substrate. The layer comprising SiOCN can be used for various applications, including spacers, etch stop layers, and etch resistant layers.1. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber; and using a thermal cyclic deposition process, depositing a layer comprising SiOCN on the surface of the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN comprises atomic layer deposition. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature of a susceptor within the reaction chamber during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is between about 300° C. and about 600° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a pressure within the reaction chamber during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is between about 0.5 Torr and about 50 Torr. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN comprises about 5% to about 60% carbon. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure comprises an etch stop layer comprising the layer comprising SiOCN. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a precursor used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl bis(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)disilane, 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-DI(2,2-Dimethylhydrazino)-2,3-disilabutane, and other silanes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a reactant used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of N2O, NH3, O2, H2O, H2O2 and a hydrazine. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein only a precursor and no reactant are used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN forms an etch block layer for an oxide etch process. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN forms a layer for a spacer. 12. A structure formed according to the method of claim 1. 13. The structure of claim 12 comprising a feature, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN is conformally deposited overlying the feature. 14. The structure of claim 12 comprising an etch stop layer comprising the layer comprising SiOCN. 15. The structure of claim 12 comprising a spacer formed using the layer comprising the layer comprising SiOCN. 16. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber; and using a thermal cyclic deposition process, depositing a layer comprising SiOCN on the surface of the substrate, wherein a pressure within the reaction chamber is between about 0.5 and about 50, and wherein a temperature of a susceptor within the reaction chamber during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is between about 300° C. and about 600° C. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein a precursor used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl bis(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)disilane, 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-DI (2,2-Dimethylhydrazino)-2,3-disilabutane. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein a reactant used during the step of depositing a layer comprising SiOCN is selected from the group consisting of N2O, NH3, O2, H2O and H2O2 or no reactant. 19. A structure formed according to the method of claim 16. 20. The structure of claim 19 comprising a feature, wherein the layer comprising SiOCN is conformally deposited onto the feature. | 2,400 |
343,538 | 16,802,935 | 2,416 | Envelope tracking power amplifiers with advanced gain shaping are provided. In certain implementations, a power amplifier system includes a power amplifier that amplifies a radio frequency (RF) signal and an envelope tracker that controls a voltage level of a supply voltage of the power amplifier based on an envelope of the RF signal. The power amplifier system further includes a gain shaping circuit that generates a gain shaping current that changes with the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker. For example, the gain shaping circuit can include an analog look-up table (LUT) mapping a particular voltage level of the supply voltage to a particular current level of gain shaping current. Additionally, the gain shaping circuit biases the power amplifier based on the gain shaping current. | 1. A power amplifier system comprising:
a power amplifier configured to amplify a radio frequency signal; an envelope tracker configured to control a voltage level of a supply voltage of the power amplifier based on an envelope of the radio frequency signal; and a gain shaping circuit configured to generate a gain shaping current based on the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker, and to bias the power amplifier based on the gain shaping current. 2. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit is operable to map a plurality of supply voltage levels of the supply voltage to a corresponding plurality of current levels of the gain shaping current. 3. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit reduces the gain shaping current in response to an increase in the voltage level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. 4. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit includes a plurality of current steering circuits each configured to control the gain shaping current. 5. The power amplifier system of claim 4 wherein the gain shaping circuit includes a regulator configured to generate a plurality of reference voltages of different voltage levels, the plurality of current steering circuits each configured to compare the supply voltage to a corresponding one of the plurality of reference voltages. 6. The power amplifier system of claim 4 further comprising a regulator configured to generate a common reference voltage and a resistor ladder configured to receive the supply voltage and to generate a plurality of scaled supply voltages, the plurality of current steering circuits each configured to compare the common reference voltage to a corresponding one of the plurality of scaled supply voltages. 7. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit biases a driver stage of the power amplifier. 8. The power amplifier system of claim 7 further comprising an input matching network connected between an input terminal and the driver stage, the gain shaping current configured to couple a portion of the radio frequency signal at the input terminal to a bias input of the driver stage. 9. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit is further configured to generate a reference current, and to bias the power amplifier based on the reference current. 10. The power amplifier system of claim 9 the gain shaping circuit is configured to bias the power amplifier based on combining the reference current and the gain shaping current. 11. A method of amplification in a mobile device, the method comprising:
amplifying a radio frequency signal using a power amplifier; controlling a voltage level of a supply voltage of the power amplifier based on an envelope of the radio frequency signal using an envelope tracker; and biasing the power amplifier based on a gain shaping current using a gain shaping circuit, including controlling the gain shaping current based on the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising mapping a plurality of supply voltage levels of the supply voltage to a corresponding plurality of current levels of the gain shaping current. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising reducing the gain shaping current in response to an increase in the voltage level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein controlling the gain shaping current includes individually selecting one or more of a plurality of current steering circuits based on the voltage level of the supply voltage. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein biasing the power amplifier with the gain shaping current includes biasing a driver stage of the power amplifier, the method further comprising providing input matching using an input matching network that is coupled between an input terminal and the driver stage, and coupling a portion of the radio frequency signal at the input terminal to a bias input of the driver stage using the gain shaping circuit. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising generating a reference current using the gain shaping circuit, and further biasing the power amplifier based on combining the reference current and the gain shaping current. 17. A mobile device comprising:
a power management system including an envelope tracker configured to control a voltage level of a supply voltage based on an envelope of a radio frequency signal; a transceiver configured to generate the radio frequency signal; and a front end system including a power amplifier configured to amplify the radio frequency signal, and a gain shaping circuit configured to generate a gain shaping current based on the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker, and to bias the power amplifier based on the gain shaping current. 18. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the gain shaping circuit is operable to map a plurality of supply voltage levels of the supply voltage to a corresponding plurality of current levels of the gain shaping current. 19. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the gain shaping circuit reduces the gain shaping current in response to an increase in the voltage level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. 20. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the gain shaping circuit includes a plurality of current steering circuits each configured to control the gain shaping current based on a comparison. | Envelope tracking power amplifiers with advanced gain shaping are provided. In certain implementations, a power amplifier system includes a power amplifier that amplifies a radio frequency (RF) signal and an envelope tracker that controls a voltage level of a supply voltage of the power amplifier based on an envelope of the RF signal. The power amplifier system further includes a gain shaping circuit that generates a gain shaping current that changes with the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker. For example, the gain shaping circuit can include an analog look-up table (LUT) mapping a particular voltage level of the supply voltage to a particular current level of gain shaping current. Additionally, the gain shaping circuit biases the power amplifier based on the gain shaping current.1. A power amplifier system comprising:
a power amplifier configured to amplify a radio frequency signal; an envelope tracker configured to control a voltage level of a supply voltage of the power amplifier based on an envelope of the radio frequency signal; and a gain shaping circuit configured to generate a gain shaping current based on the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker, and to bias the power amplifier based on the gain shaping current. 2. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit is operable to map a plurality of supply voltage levels of the supply voltage to a corresponding plurality of current levels of the gain shaping current. 3. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit reduces the gain shaping current in response to an increase in the voltage level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. 4. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit includes a plurality of current steering circuits each configured to control the gain shaping current. 5. The power amplifier system of claim 4 wherein the gain shaping circuit includes a regulator configured to generate a plurality of reference voltages of different voltage levels, the plurality of current steering circuits each configured to compare the supply voltage to a corresponding one of the plurality of reference voltages. 6. The power amplifier system of claim 4 further comprising a regulator configured to generate a common reference voltage and a resistor ladder configured to receive the supply voltage and to generate a plurality of scaled supply voltages, the plurality of current steering circuits each configured to compare the common reference voltage to a corresponding one of the plurality of scaled supply voltages. 7. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit biases a driver stage of the power amplifier. 8. The power amplifier system of claim 7 further comprising an input matching network connected between an input terminal and the driver stage, the gain shaping current configured to couple a portion of the radio frequency signal at the input terminal to a bias input of the driver stage. 9. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the gain shaping circuit is further configured to generate a reference current, and to bias the power amplifier based on the reference current. 10. The power amplifier system of claim 9 the gain shaping circuit is configured to bias the power amplifier based on combining the reference current and the gain shaping current. 11. A method of amplification in a mobile device, the method comprising:
amplifying a radio frequency signal using a power amplifier; controlling a voltage level of a supply voltage of the power amplifier based on an envelope of the radio frequency signal using an envelope tracker; and biasing the power amplifier based on a gain shaping current using a gain shaping circuit, including controlling the gain shaping current based on the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising mapping a plurality of supply voltage levels of the supply voltage to a corresponding plurality of current levels of the gain shaping current. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising reducing the gain shaping current in response to an increase in the voltage level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein controlling the gain shaping current includes individually selecting one or more of a plurality of current steering circuits based on the voltage level of the supply voltage. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein biasing the power amplifier with the gain shaping current includes biasing a driver stage of the power amplifier, the method further comprising providing input matching using an input matching network that is coupled between an input terminal and the driver stage, and coupling a portion of the radio frequency signal at the input terminal to a bias input of the driver stage using the gain shaping circuit. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising generating a reference current using the gain shaping circuit, and further biasing the power amplifier based on combining the reference current and the gain shaping current. 17. A mobile device comprising:
a power management system including an envelope tracker configured to control a voltage level of a supply voltage based on an envelope of a radio frequency signal; a transceiver configured to generate the radio frequency signal; and a front end system including a power amplifier configured to amplify the radio frequency signal, and a gain shaping circuit configured to generate a gain shaping current based on the voltage level of the supply voltage from the envelope tracker, and to bias the power amplifier based on the gain shaping current. 18. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the gain shaping circuit is operable to map a plurality of supply voltage levels of the supply voltage to a corresponding plurality of current levels of the gain shaping current. 19. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the gain shaping circuit reduces the gain shaping current in response to an increase in the voltage level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. 20. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the gain shaping circuit includes a plurality of current steering circuits each configured to control the gain shaping current based on a comparison. | 2,400 |
343,539 | 16,802,965 | 2,416 | A photosensitive device includes a semiconductor substrate and a photodiode. The semiconductor substrate has a patterned semiconductor polarizer having a semiconductor surface. The photodiode is in the semiconductor substrate. | 1. A photosensitive device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a patterned semiconductor polarizer having a semiconductor surface; and a photodiode in the semiconductor substrate. 2. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has bar shape portions extended continuously along an extending direction. 3. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has bar shape portions extended continuously along different extending directions. 4. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has polarizing regions having different polarizing directions. 5. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels having the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 6. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels each having one of the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 7. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels each having two or more of the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 8. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels each having four of the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 9. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a rear semiconductor surface and a front semiconductor surface opposing to the rear semiconductor surface, the semiconductor surface of the patterned semiconductor polarizer is the rear semiconductor surface. 10. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflective grid element on a light incident side of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 11. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising an optical layer on the semiconductor surface of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 12. The photosensitive device according to claim 11, wherein the optical layer has a bottom surface complementary to the semiconductor surface of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 13. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising a lens on a light incident side of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 14. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising a trench isolation element in the semiconductor substrate. 15. A photosensitive device, comprising:
a photodiode; a reflective grid element; and a patterned semiconductor polarizer, wherein the photodiode and the reflective grid element are respectively on opposing sides of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 16. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, wherein the reflective grid element is on a light incident side of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 17. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, wherein the reflective grid element comprises a metal. 18. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, comprising a semiconductor substrate comprising the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 19. The photosensitive device according to claim 18, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has a rear semiconductor surface of the semiconductor substrate. 20. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has bar shape portions extended continuously along different extending directions in different polarizing regions respectively. | A photosensitive device includes a semiconductor substrate and a photodiode. The semiconductor substrate has a patterned semiconductor polarizer having a semiconductor surface. The photodiode is in the semiconductor substrate.1. A photosensitive device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a patterned semiconductor polarizer having a semiconductor surface; and a photodiode in the semiconductor substrate. 2. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has bar shape portions extended continuously along an extending direction. 3. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has bar shape portions extended continuously along different extending directions. 4. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has polarizing regions having different polarizing directions. 5. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels having the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 6. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels each having one of the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 7. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels each having two or more of the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 8. The photosensitive device according to claim 4, comprising pixels each having four of the polarizing regions having the different polarizing directions. 9. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a rear semiconductor surface and a front semiconductor surface opposing to the rear semiconductor surface, the semiconductor surface of the patterned semiconductor polarizer is the rear semiconductor surface. 10. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflective grid element on a light incident side of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 11. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising an optical layer on the semiconductor surface of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 12. The photosensitive device according to claim 11, wherein the optical layer has a bottom surface complementary to the semiconductor surface of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 13. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising a lens on a light incident side of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 14. The photosensitive device according to claim 1, further comprising a trench isolation element in the semiconductor substrate. 15. A photosensitive device, comprising:
a photodiode; a reflective grid element; and a patterned semiconductor polarizer, wherein the photodiode and the reflective grid element are respectively on opposing sides of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 16. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, wherein the reflective grid element is on a light incident side of the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 17. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, wherein the reflective grid element comprises a metal. 18. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, comprising a semiconductor substrate comprising the patterned semiconductor polarizer. 19. The photosensitive device according to claim 18, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has a rear semiconductor surface of the semiconductor substrate. 20. The photosensitive device according to claim 15, wherein the patterned semiconductor polarizer has bar shape portions extended continuously along different extending directions in different polarizing regions respectively. | 2,400 |
343,540 | 16,802,963 | 2,416 | The present disclosure provides processes for the separation of nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells, populations of cells obtainable by the processes of the disclosure, and devices and kits useful in the processes of the disclosure. | 1. A process for separating nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells, comprising:
a) separating a mixture comprising nucleated cells, non-nucleated red blood cells, and an aggregating agent into a nucleated cell enriched fraction and a non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction in a lumen of a container at local gravity, wherein the separating is performed in batch, and wherein i. the average height of the mixture in the lumen is no more than 4 cm; and/or ii. the average height of the mixture in the lumen is selected to provide a non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction that contains at least 80% of the non-nucleated red blood cells in the mixture and/or no more than 20% of the nucleated cells in the mixture after no more than 3 rounds, no more than 2 rounds or no more than one round of separation; and b) optionally repeating step (a) one or more times, optionally wherein step (a) comprises maintaining the mixture at local gravity until the mixture separates into a nucleated cell enriched fraction and a non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction, optionally for 2 to 15 minutes, thereby separating nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the average height of the mixture in the lumen is (a) no more than 4 cm, no more than 3.5 cm, no more than 3 cm, no more than 2.5 cm, no more than 2 cm, no more than 1.5 cm and/or (b) no more than 1 cm and/or at least 0.5 cm or at least 1 cm. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the volume of the mixture is (a) less than 500 mL, less than 400 mL, less than 300 mL, less than 200 mL, less than 100 mL, less than 75 mL, less than 50 mL, less than 40 mL, less than 30 mL, or less than 25 mL and/or (b) at least 5 mL, at least 10 mL, at least 20 mL or at least 25 mL. 4. (canceled) 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction contains at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% of the non-nucleated red blood cells in the mixture. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixture is the product of a process comprising combining the aggregating agent or a solution comprising the aggregating agent and a sample comprising the nucleated cells and the non-nucleated red blood cells. 9. The process of claim 8, further comprising a step of forming the mixture. 10. The process of claim 8, wherein the sample is a previously prepared nucleated cell enriched fraction. 11. The process of claim 8, wherein the sample comprises blood. 12. The process of claim 8, wherein the sample comprises a blood fraction. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the blood fraction contains at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or more than 50% of the plasma present in an amount of whole blood used to make the blood fraction. 14-19. (canceled) 20. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixture is isotonic to red blood cells. 21. The process of claim 11, wherein the blood is peripheral blood, which is optionally blood from a pregnant female, umbilical cord blood, blood obtained from a subject afflicted with a cancer, or blood obtained from a healthy individual. 22. The process of claim 1, wherein the nucleated cells comprise rare nucleated cells. 23. The process of claim 22, wherein the rare nucleated cells comprise stem cells or cancer cells. 24. The process of claim 22, wherein blood is peripheral blood from a pregnant female and the rare nucleated cells comprise fetal cells. 25-40. (canceled) 41. A nucleated cell enriched fraction obtained by the process of claim 1. 42. A non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction obtained by the process of claim 1. 43. A separation device suitable for obtaining the nucleated cell enriched fraction of claim 41. 44. A separation device suitable for obtaining the non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction of claim 42. 45-49. (canceled) 50. A kit for use in a process for separating nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells, comprising:
a. an aggregating agent and/or a solution comprising an aggregating agent; b. an aqueous solution; c. a separation device; or d. any combination thereof. | The present disclosure provides processes for the separation of nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells, populations of cells obtainable by the processes of the disclosure, and devices and kits useful in the processes of the disclosure.1. A process for separating nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells, comprising:
a) separating a mixture comprising nucleated cells, non-nucleated red blood cells, and an aggregating agent into a nucleated cell enriched fraction and a non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction in a lumen of a container at local gravity, wherein the separating is performed in batch, and wherein i. the average height of the mixture in the lumen is no more than 4 cm; and/or ii. the average height of the mixture in the lumen is selected to provide a non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction that contains at least 80% of the non-nucleated red blood cells in the mixture and/or no more than 20% of the nucleated cells in the mixture after no more than 3 rounds, no more than 2 rounds or no more than one round of separation; and b) optionally repeating step (a) one or more times, optionally wherein step (a) comprises maintaining the mixture at local gravity until the mixture separates into a nucleated cell enriched fraction and a non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction, optionally for 2 to 15 minutes, thereby separating nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the average height of the mixture in the lumen is (a) no more than 4 cm, no more than 3.5 cm, no more than 3 cm, no more than 2.5 cm, no more than 2 cm, no more than 1.5 cm and/or (b) no more than 1 cm and/or at least 0.5 cm or at least 1 cm. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the volume of the mixture is (a) less than 500 mL, less than 400 mL, less than 300 mL, less than 200 mL, less than 100 mL, less than 75 mL, less than 50 mL, less than 40 mL, less than 30 mL, or less than 25 mL and/or (b) at least 5 mL, at least 10 mL, at least 20 mL or at least 25 mL. 4. (canceled) 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction contains at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% of the non-nucleated red blood cells in the mixture. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixture is the product of a process comprising combining the aggregating agent or a solution comprising the aggregating agent and a sample comprising the nucleated cells and the non-nucleated red blood cells. 9. The process of claim 8, further comprising a step of forming the mixture. 10. The process of claim 8, wherein the sample is a previously prepared nucleated cell enriched fraction. 11. The process of claim 8, wherein the sample comprises blood. 12. The process of claim 8, wherein the sample comprises a blood fraction. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the blood fraction contains at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or more than 50% of the plasma present in an amount of whole blood used to make the blood fraction. 14-19. (canceled) 20. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixture is isotonic to red blood cells. 21. The process of claim 11, wherein the blood is peripheral blood, which is optionally blood from a pregnant female, umbilical cord blood, blood obtained from a subject afflicted with a cancer, or blood obtained from a healthy individual. 22. The process of claim 1, wherein the nucleated cells comprise rare nucleated cells. 23. The process of claim 22, wherein the rare nucleated cells comprise stem cells or cancer cells. 24. The process of claim 22, wherein blood is peripheral blood from a pregnant female and the rare nucleated cells comprise fetal cells. 25-40. (canceled) 41. A nucleated cell enriched fraction obtained by the process of claim 1. 42. A non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction obtained by the process of claim 1. 43. A separation device suitable for obtaining the nucleated cell enriched fraction of claim 41. 44. A separation device suitable for obtaining the non-nucleated red blood cell enriched fraction of claim 42. 45-49. (canceled) 50. A kit for use in a process for separating nucleated cells from non-nucleated red blood cells, comprising:
a. an aggregating agent and/or a solution comprising an aggregating agent; b. an aqueous solution; c. a separation device; or d. any combination thereof. | 2,400 |
343,541 | 16,802,956 | 3,677 | A screw includes a threaded shank and a head with a first surface. Communicating sockets formed in the first surface include a Pozi-type socket and a drive socket. The drive socket includes rounded portions, arched portions alternating with the rounded portions, and a conical portion connected to the rounded portions and the arched portions to define a first reference line and a second reference line parallel to a central axis of the head. The rounded portions are inclined outwardly from the first reference line, and the arched portions are inclined outwardly from the second reference line. Thus, a first room enclosed by the rounded portions and the arched portions increases gradually towards the first surface. By a combination of the above sockets, the head cooperates with different driving tools for delivering driving force efficiently and is more convenient to use. | 1. A screw having a head with different sockets comprising a head with a first surface and a second surface in opposing relationship to said first surface and a threaded shank extending axially from said second surface, said head defining a central axis passing through a center of said first surface, a Pozi-type socket being recessedly formed in said first surface and having four groove portions and four indentations each formed between every two adjacent groove portions, each of said groove portions including opposite side walls and an end wall connected to said side walls, said end wall sloping from said first surface inwardly towards said central axis;
wherein a drive socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket, said drive socket being formed between said Pozi-type socket and including a plurality of rounded portions, a plurality of arched portions alternating with said plurality of rounded portions, and a conical portion connected to said plurality of rounded portions and said plurality of arched portions and tapering to an end of said head to form a conical point, said central axis passing through said conical point, a second room being enclosed by said conical portion, a first room being enclosed by said plurality of rounded portions and said plurality of arched portions and defined between said second room and said first surface, said first room communicating with said second room, said conical portion and said plurality of rounded portions meeting at a first reference point from which a first reference line is defined, said conical portion and said plurality of arched portions meeting at a second reference point from which a second reference line is defined, said first reference line and said second reference line being parallel to said central axis, each of said plurality of rounded portions being inclined outwardly from said first reference line by a first slope angle, each of said plurality of arched portions being inclined outwardly from said second reference line by a second slope angle, and said first room thereby increasing gradually towards said first surface. 2. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said first slope angle and said second slope angle range from 0.5 to 5 degrees. 3. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said conical portion converges on said conical point to form a converging angle of not more than 120 degrees. 4. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said drive socket includes four rounded portions. 5. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said drive socket includes six rounded portions. 6. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said conical portion includes a first slanting wall extending from said conical point and a second slanting wall connected to said first slanting wall, a first included angle being formed between said first slanting wall and said central axis, a second included angle being formed between said second slanting wall and said central axis. 7. The screw according to claim 6, wherein said first included angle ranges from 60 to 70 degrees, said second included angle ranging from 40 to 60 degrees. 8. The screw according to claim 4, wherein a recessed socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket and said drive socket, said recessed socket being enclosed by at least four equal extension sections and at least four contact points each defined at an intersection of every two adjacent extension sections, said recessed socket being recessedly formed among said first room between said first surface and said conical portion to define a distance between each of said extension sections and said first surface. 9. The screw according to claim 5, wherein a recessed socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket and said drive socket, said recessed socket being enclosed by six equal extension sections and six contact points each defined at an intersection of every two adjacent extension sections, said recessed socket being recessedly formed among said first room between said first surface and said conical portion to define a distance between each of said extension sections and said first surface. 10. The screw according to claim 4, wherein each of said rounded portions is situated between every two adjacent groove portions. 11. The screw according to claim 8, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and is situated between every two adjacent groove portions. 12. The screw according to claim 9, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and is situated between every two adjacent groove portions. 13. The screw according to claim 8, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and at least one of said groove portions. 14. The screw according to claim 9, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and at least one of said groove portions. 15. The screw according to claim 1, wherein a slotted socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket and said drive socket, said slotted socket extending beyond a length from one of said groove portions to another one of said groove portions opposite said one groove portion. 16. The screw according to claim 8, wherein a slotted socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with Pozi-type socket, said drive socket, and said recessed socket, said slotted socket extending beyond a length from one of said groove portions to another one of said groove portions opposite said one groove portion. 17. The screw according to claim 9, wherein a slotted socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with Pozi-type socket, said drive socket, and said recessed socket, said slotted socket extending beyond a length from one of said groove portions to another one of said groove portions opposite said one groove portion. | A screw includes a threaded shank and a head with a first surface. Communicating sockets formed in the first surface include a Pozi-type socket and a drive socket. The drive socket includes rounded portions, arched portions alternating with the rounded portions, and a conical portion connected to the rounded portions and the arched portions to define a first reference line and a second reference line parallel to a central axis of the head. The rounded portions are inclined outwardly from the first reference line, and the arched portions are inclined outwardly from the second reference line. Thus, a first room enclosed by the rounded portions and the arched portions increases gradually towards the first surface. By a combination of the above sockets, the head cooperates with different driving tools for delivering driving force efficiently and is more convenient to use.1. A screw having a head with different sockets comprising a head with a first surface and a second surface in opposing relationship to said first surface and a threaded shank extending axially from said second surface, said head defining a central axis passing through a center of said first surface, a Pozi-type socket being recessedly formed in said first surface and having four groove portions and four indentations each formed between every two adjacent groove portions, each of said groove portions including opposite side walls and an end wall connected to said side walls, said end wall sloping from said first surface inwardly towards said central axis;
wherein a drive socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket, said drive socket being formed between said Pozi-type socket and including a plurality of rounded portions, a plurality of arched portions alternating with said plurality of rounded portions, and a conical portion connected to said plurality of rounded portions and said plurality of arched portions and tapering to an end of said head to form a conical point, said central axis passing through said conical point, a second room being enclosed by said conical portion, a first room being enclosed by said plurality of rounded portions and said plurality of arched portions and defined between said second room and said first surface, said first room communicating with said second room, said conical portion and said plurality of rounded portions meeting at a first reference point from which a first reference line is defined, said conical portion and said plurality of arched portions meeting at a second reference point from which a second reference line is defined, said first reference line and said second reference line being parallel to said central axis, each of said plurality of rounded portions being inclined outwardly from said first reference line by a first slope angle, each of said plurality of arched portions being inclined outwardly from said second reference line by a second slope angle, and said first room thereby increasing gradually towards said first surface. 2. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said first slope angle and said second slope angle range from 0.5 to 5 degrees. 3. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said conical portion converges on said conical point to form a converging angle of not more than 120 degrees. 4. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said drive socket includes four rounded portions. 5. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said drive socket includes six rounded portions. 6. The screw according to claim 1, wherein said conical portion includes a first slanting wall extending from said conical point and a second slanting wall connected to said first slanting wall, a first included angle being formed between said first slanting wall and said central axis, a second included angle being formed between said second slanting wall and said central axis. 7. The screw according to claim 6, wherein said first included angle ranges from 60 to 70 degrees, said second included angle ranging from 40 to 60 degrees. 8. The screw according to claim 4, wherein a recessed socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket and said drive socket, said recessed socket being enclosed by at least four equal extension sections and at least four contact points each defined at an intersection of every two adjacent extension sections, said recessed socket being recessedly formed among said first room between said first surface and said conical portion to define a distance between each of said extension sections and said first surface. 9. The screw according to claim 5, wherein a recessed socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket and said drive socket, said recessed socket being enclosed by six equal extension sections and six contact points each defined at an intersection of every two adjacent extension sections, said recessed socket being recessedly formed among said first room between said first surface and said conical portion to define a distance between each of said extension sections and said first surface. 10. The screw according to claim 4, wherein each of said rounded portions is situated between every two adjacent groove portions. 11. The screw according to claim 8, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and is situated between every two adjacent groove portions. 12. The screw according to claim 9, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and is situated between every two adjacent groove portions. 13. The screw according to claim 8, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and at least one of said groove portions. 14. The screw according to claim 9, wherein at least one of said contact points is defined at a location corresponding to at least one of said rounded portions and at least one of said groove portions. 15. The screw according to claim 1, wherein a slotted socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with said Pozi-type socket and said drive socket, said slotted socket extending beyond a length from one of said groove portions to another one of said groove portions opposite said one groove portion. 16. The screw according to claim 8, wherein a slotted socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with Pozi-type socket, said drive socket, and said recessed socket, said slotted socket extending beyond a length from one of said groove portions to another one of said groove portions opposite said one groove portion. 17. The screw according to claim 9, wherein a slotted socket is formed in said first surface and communicates with Pozi-type socket, said drive socket, and said recessed socket, said slotted socket extending beyond a length from one of said groove portions to another one of said groove portions opposite said one groove portion. | 3,600 |
343,542 | 16,802,972 | 3,677 | The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper which comprises steps of preparing plural pieces of artificial leather upper material, setting a thermoforming machine, placing the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material in the thermoforming machine, pumping out excess air of a lower die block of the thermoforming machine, thermoforming the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material to obtain a semi-finished product, and demoulding, image recognition, laser cutting and coloring the semi-finished product to obtain the artificial leather shoe upper. | 1. A method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper, comprising steps of:
(A) preparing plural pieces of artificial leather upper material of a size needed; (B) setting a working temperature and a reaction time of a thermoforming machine having a upper die block and a lower die block for heating, wherein the lower die block has plural thermal dissipation grooves each having plural thermal dissipation holes communicated with a vacuum pump, and wherein the lower die block is provided with a removable upper pattern mold thereon; (C) placing the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material flatly and closely on the upper pattern mold by front surfaces thereof as the temperature of the upper die block and the lower die block reaches the working temperature, and covering an air insulation plate on back surfaces of the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material and the lower die block for completely insulating the air and flattening the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material; (D) activating the vacuum pump communicated with the plural thermal dissipation holes of the lower die block for pumping out excess air of the lower die block to maintain the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material flatly and stably on the upper pattern mold; (E) thermoforming the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material on the upper pattern mold to soften the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material and form a pattern at the front surface of the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material and corresponding to the upper pattern mold by pressing and heating the upper die block on the lower die block, and stacking the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material together for forming a height drop therebetween to obtain a semi-finished product; (F) separating the upper die block from the lower die block after the thermoforming machine is heated for the reaction time, turning off the vacuum pump and removing the air insulation plate after cooling down to release an air insulation state, and demoulding the semi-finished product from the upper pattern mold; (G) fixed position scanning the semi-finished product by an image recognition process for determining a size of at least one coloring area and locations of at least one ventilation hole, at least one positioning hole and excess wastes thereof; (H) laser cutting the semi-finished product after the image recognition process to remove the excess wastes thereof, and punching the at least one ventilation hole and the at least one positioning hole thereon; and (I) placing the semi-finished product on a positioning template and using a 3-dimensional curved surface printing machine for precisely coloring the at least one coloring area, and removing the printed semi-finished product from the positioning template to obtain the artificial leather shoe upper. 2. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper die block and the lower die block are respectively heated by at least one tubular electric heating element. 3. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one metal thermal conducting sheet is respectively disposed between the at least one tubular electric heating element and the upper die block and between the at least one tubular electric heating element and the lower die block for maintaining a uniform temperature of a thermal conducting area of the upper die block and the lower die block. 4. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plural thermal dissipation grooves are interlaced with each other and arranged on the lower die block. 5. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper pattern mold is made of a ceramic material. 6. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper pattern mold is manufactured by steps of:
(a) selecting a grain leather material, cutting plural pieces of required size from the grain leather material, and sewing the plural pieces of the grain leather material together to obtain an original shoe template; (b) manufacturing a female mold by imprinting the original shoe template with a silicone resin; (c) manufacturing a male mold by imprinting the female mold of a silicone resin; and (d) forming the upper pattern mold by the male mold. 7. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air insulation plate is made of a silicone material. 8. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-finished product is lifted by a corner of an edge thereof and blown by a high-pressure air gun for cooling, preventing deformation and accelerating demoulding thereof. 9. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-finished product is positioned for scanning by a charge-coupled device image recognition process. 10. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper pattern mold is manufactured by steps of:
(a) selecting a grain leather material suitable for matches, cutting plural pieces of required size from the grain leather material, and sewing the plural pieces of the grain leather material together to obtain an original shoe template; (b) manufacturing a female mold by imprinting the original shoe template with a silicone resin; (c) manufacturing a male mold by imprinting the female mold of a silicone resin; and (d) forming the upper pattern mold by the male mold. | The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper which comprises steps of preparing plural pieces of artificial leather upper material, setting a thermoforming machine, placing the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material in the thermoforming machine, pumping out excess air of a lower die block of the thermoforming machine, thermoforming the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material to obtain a semi-finished product, and demoulding, image recognition, laser cutting and coloring the semi-finished product to obtain the artificial leather shoe upper.1. A method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper, comprising steps of:
(A) preparing plural pieces of artificial leather upper material of a size needed; (B) setting a working temperature and a reaction time of a thermoforming machine having a upper die block and a lower die block for heating, wherein the lower die block has plural thermal dissipation grooves each having plural thermal dissipation holes communicated with a vacuum pump, and wherein the lower die block is provided with a removable upper pattern mold thereon; (C) placing the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material flatly and closely on the upper pattern mold by front surfaces thereof as the temperature of the upper die block and the lower die block reaches the working temperature, and covering an air insulation plate on back surfaces of the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material and the lower die block for completely insulating the air and flattening the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material; (D) activating the vacuum pump communicated with the plural thermal dissipation holes of the lower die block for pumping out excess air of the lower die block to maintain the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material flatly and stably on the upper pattern mold; (E) thermoforming the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material on the upper pattern mold to soften the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material and form a pattern at the front surface of the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material and corresponding to the upper pattern mold by pressing and heating the upper die block on the lower die block, and stacking the plural pieces of artificial leather upper material together for forming a height drop therebetween to obtain a semi-finished product; (F) separating the upper die block from the lower die block after the thermoforming machine is heated for the reaction time, turning off the vacuum pump and removing the air insulation plate after cooling down to release an air insulation state, and demoulding the semi-finished product from the upper pattern mold; (G) fixed position scanning the semi-finished product by an image recognition process for determining a size of at least one coloring area and locations of at least one ventilation hole, at least one positioning hole and excess wastes thereof; (H) laser cutting the semi-finished product after the image recognition process to remove the excess wastes thereof, and punching the at least one ventilation hole and the at least one positioning hole thereon; and (I) placing the semi-finished product on a positioning template and using a 3-dimensional curved surface printing machine for precisely coloring the at least one coloring area, and removing the printed semi-finished product from the positioning template to obtain the artificial leather shoe upper. 2. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper die block and the lower die block are respectively heated by at least one tubular electric heating element. 3. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one metal thermal conducting sheet is respectively disposed between the at least one tubular electric heating element and the upper die block and between the at least one tubular electric heating element and the lower die block for maintaining a uniform temperature of a thermal conducting area of the upper die block and the lower die block. 4. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plural thermal dissipation grooves are interlaced with each other and arranged on the lower die block. 5. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper pattern mold is made of a ceramic material. 6. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper pattern mold is manufactured by steps of:
(a) selecting a grain leather material, cutting plural pieces of required size from the grain leather material, and sewing the plural pieces of the grain leather material together to obtain an original shoe template; (b) manufacturing a female mold by imprinting the original shoe template with a silicone resin; (c) manufacturing a male mold by imprinting the female mold of a silicone resin; and (d) forming the upper pattern mold by the male mold. 7. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air insulation plate is made of a silicone material. 8. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-finished product is lifted by a corner of an edge thereof and blown by a high-pressure air gun for cooling, preventing deformation and accelerating demoulding thereof. 9. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-finished product is positioned for scanning by a charge-coupled device image recognition process. 10. The method for manufacturing an artificial leather shoe upper as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper pattern mold is manufactured by steps of:
(a) selecting a grain leather material suitable for matches, cutting plural pieces of required size from the grain leather material, and sewing the plural pieces of the grain leather material together to obtain an original shoe template; (b) manufacturing a female mold by imprinting the original shoe template with a silicone resin; (c) manufacturing a male mold by imprinting the female mold of a silicone resin; and (d) forming the upper pattern mold by the male mold. | 3,600 |
343,543 | 16,802,964 | 3,677 | A charging method includes obtaining electrical parameter information of a charging circuit configured to charge one or more batteries, and controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge an external device according to the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit. | 1. A charging method comprising:
obtaining electrical parameter information of a charging circuit, the charging circuit being configured to charge one or more batteries of a UAV; and controlling, according to the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit, the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge an external device, the external device including at least one of a remote device of the UAV or a photographing device configured to be carried by the UAV. 2. The charging method of claim 1, wherein the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit includes at least one of a power of the charging circuit, an output current of the charging circuit, or an output voltage of the charging circuit. 3. The charging method of claim 1, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries includes controlling the charging circuit to charge one of the one or more batteries first with constant current then with constant voltage. 4. The charging method of claim 3, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries includes controlling the charging circuit to output the constant current to charge the one of the one or more batteries when the charging circuit starts to charge the one of the one or more batteries. 5. The charging method of claim 3, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge the external device includes:
in response to the charging circuit switching from outputting the constant current to outputting the constant voltage, controlling the charging circuit to simultaneously charge another one of the one or more batteries and/or the external device with the constant current. 6. The charging method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a remaining power of each of the one or more batteries; and controlling the charging circuit to charge the external device in response to determining that each of the one or more batteries is fully charged. 7. The charging method of claim 1, wherein the charging circuit is electrically connected to the external device through a unidirectional device. 8. The charging method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more batteries is electrically connected to the charging circuit through a switch. 9. The charging method of claim 8, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries includes:
controlling the switch connected to one of the one or more batteries to close for the charging circuit to charge the one of the one or more batteries. 10. The charging method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more batteries is connected to a unidirectional device and the one or more batteries are connected in parallel through the one or more unidirectional devices. 11. The charging method of claim 10, wherein:
a positive terminal of each of the one or more batteries is electrically connected to an input terminal of the corresponding unidirectional device; an output terminal of each of the one or more unidirectional devices is electrically connected to a discharge resistor; and the discharge resistor is electrically connected to a heat dissipation device. 12. The charging method of claim 11, wherein the output terminal of each of the one or more unidirectional devices is electrically connected to the discharge resistor through a switch. 13. The charging method of claim 12, further comprising:
controlling the switch to close to discharge the one or more batteries through the discharge resistor. 14. The charging method of claim 13, further comprising:
detecting a remaining power of each of the one or more batteries; and controlling the second switch to open in response to the remaining power of each of the one or more batteries is smaller than or equal to a remaining power threshold. 15. The charging method of claim 13, further comprising:
controlling the one or more batteries to charge the external device when the one or more batteries are being discharged. 16. The charging method of claim 11, further comprising:
controlling the one or more batteries to supply power to the heat dissipation device through the one or more unidirectional devices when the one or more batteries are being discharged. 17. The charging method of claim 16, further comprising:
detecting electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries; and controlling a cooling speed of the heat dissipation device according to the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries. 18. The charging method of claim 17, further comprising, after detecting the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries:
displaying the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries through a display device. 19. The charging method of claim 17, further comprising, after detecting the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries:
determining if any of the one or more batteries is abnormal according to the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries; and displaying a warning message through the display device in response to determining that any of the one or more batteries is abnormal. 20. A charging method comprising:
obtaining electrical parameter information of a charging circuit, the charging circuit being configured to charge one or more batteries; and controlling, according to the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit, the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge an external device. | A charging method includes obtaining electrical parameter information of a charging circuit configured to charge one or more batteries, and controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge an external device according to the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit.1. A charging method comprising:
obtaining electrical parameter information of a charging circuit, the charging circuit being configured to charge one or more batteries of a UAV; and controlling, according to the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit, the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge an external device, the external device including at least one of a remote device of the UAV or a photographing device configured to be carried by the UAV. 2. The charging method of claim 1, wherein the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit includes at least one of a power of the charging circuit, an output current of the charging circuit, or an output voltage of the charging circuit. 3. The charging method of claim 1, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries includes controlling the charging circuit to charge one of the one or more batteries first with constant current then with constant voltage. 4. The charging method of claim 3, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries includes controlling the charging circuit to output the constant current to charge the one of the one or more batteries when the charging circuit starts to charge the one of the one or more batteries. 5. The charging method of claim 3, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge the external device includes:
in response to the charging circuit switching from outputting the constant current to outputting the constant voltage, controlling the charging circuit to simultaneously charge another one of the one or more batteries and/or the external device with the constant current. 6. The charging method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a remaining power of each of the one or more batteries; and controlling the charging circuit to charge the external device in response to determining that each of the one or more batteries is fully charged. 7. The charging method of claim 1, wherein the charging circuit is electrically connected to the external device through a unidirectional device. 8. The charging method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more batteries is electrically connected to the charging circuit through a switch. 9. The charging method of claim 8, wherein controlling the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries includes:
controlling the switch connected to one of the one or more batteries to close for the charging circuit to charge the one of the one or more batteries. 10. The charging method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more batteries is connected to a unidirectional device and the one or more batteries are connected in parallel through the one or more unidirectional devices. 11. The charging method of claim 10, wherein:
a positive terminal of each of the one or more batteries is electrically connected to an input terminal of the corresponding unidirectional device; an output terminal of each of the one or more unidirectional devices is electrically connected to a discharge resistor; and the discharge resistor is electrically connected to a heat dissipation device. 12. The charging method of claim 11, wherein the output terminal of each of the one or more unidirectional devices is electrically connected to the discharge resistor through a switch. 13. The charging method of claim 12, further comprising:
controlling the switch to close to discharge the one or more batteries through the discharge resistor. 14. The charging method of claim 13, further comprising:
detecting a remaining power of each of the one or more batteries; and controlling the second switch to open in response to the remaining power of each of the one or more batteries is smaller than or equal to a remaining power threshold. 15. The charging method of claim 13, further comprising:
controlling the one or more batteries to charge the external device when the one or more batteries are being discharged. 16. The charging method of claim 11, further comprising:
controlling the one or more batteries to supply power to the heat dissipation device through the one or more unidirectional devices when the one or more batteries are being discharged. 17. The charging method of claim 16, further comprising:
detecting electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries; and controlling a cooling speed of the heat dissipation device according to the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries. 18. The charging method of claim 17, further comprising, after detecting the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries:
displaying the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries through a display device. 19. The charging method of claim 17, further comprising, after detecting the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries:
determining if any of the one or more batteries is abnormal according to the electrical parameter information of the one or more batteries; and displaying a warning message through the display device in response to determining that any of the one or more batteries is abnormal. 20. A charging method comprising:
obtaining electrical parameter information of a charging circuit, the charging circuit being configured to charge one or more batteries; and controlling, according to the electrical parameter information of the charging circuit, the charging circuit to selectively charge the one or more batteries and/or to charge an external device. | 3,600 |
343,544 | 16,802,978 | 3,677 | The present invention provides cells, transgenic animals, including transgenic mammals and particularly rodents, comprising engineered immunoglobulin alleles. Mutations in the alleles are designed to compromise allelic exclusion and have potential to be exploited for the isolation of bispecific antibodies. | 1. A genetically modified rodent with compromised immunoglobulin heavy chain gene allelic exclusion, the genetically modified rodent comprising a genome comprising a first allele comprising a first immunoglobulin heavy chain locus and a second allele comprising a second immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, wherein the first and second immunoglobulin heavy chain loci of each allele comprise unrearranged VH, D and JH gene segments followed by a CH exon that is mutated such that heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains is favored over homodimerization. 2. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the mutated CH exon comprises a Cγ, Cδ or Cα exon with a mutated CH3 domain that favors heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains over homodimerization. 3. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the mutated CH exon comprises a Cγ exon with a mutated CH3 domain that favors heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains over homodimerization. 4. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 3, wherein the mutations in the CH3 domain of the first allele are selected from D276K, E233K, and Q234K and the mutations in the CH3 domain of the second allele are selected from K286D, K269D, and T247D. 5. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 4, wherein the first and second heavy chain allele comprise Cγ1 exon sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2. 6. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the mutated CH exon comprises a Cμ or Cε exon with a mutated CH4 domain that favors heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains over homodimerization. 7. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the first and second alleles lack exons encoding CH1 domains. 8. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein endogenous CH have been deleted and replaced with CH exons that are mutated such that heavy chain heterodimerization is favored over homodimerization. 9. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the first and second immunoglobulin heavy chain loci comprise VH, D and JH genes comprising human coding sequences and rodent regulatory sequences. 10. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the rodent is a mouse or a rat. 11. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas from the genetically modified rodent according to claim 1. 12. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas according to claim 11, that express two functional heavy chains per cell and one light chain. 13. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas according to claim 11, that co-express two or more different antigen receptors per cell and/or a bispecific antigen receptor. 14. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas from the genetically modified rodent according to claim 7, wherein the B lymphocytes express heavy chain only antibodies. 15. An immunoglobulin heavy chain gene from the genetically modified rodent of claim 1. 16. A part or whole immunoglobulin protein encoded by the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes of claim 15. 17. A method of producing bispecific antibodies comprising immunizing the rodent according to claim 1 with two different antigens. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the two antigens are injected simultaneously 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the two antigens are injected sequentially. 20. The genetically modified rodent of claim 1, which when injected with two different antigens simultaneously, or with one antigen followed by a second different antigen, generates B lymphocytes co-expressing two or more different antigen receptors per cell and/or a bispecific antigen receptor which recognize the two different antigens. | The present invention provides cells, transgenic animals, including transgenic mammals and particularly rodents, comprising engineered immunoglobulin alleles. Mutations in the alleles are designed to compromise allelic exclusion and have potential to be exploited for the isolation of bispecific antibodies.1. A genetically modified rodent with compromised immunoglobulin heavy chain gene allelic exclusion, the genetically modified rodent comprising a genome comprising a first allele comprising a first immunoglobulin heavy chain locus and a second allele comprising a second immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, wherein the first and second immunoglobulin heavy chain loci of each allele comprise unrearranged VH, D and JH gene segments followed by a CH exon that is mutated such that heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains is favored over homodimerization. 2. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the mutated CH exon comprises a Cγ, Cδ or Cα exon with a mutated CH3 domain that favors heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains over homodimerization. 3. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the mutated CH exon comprises a Cγ exon with a mutated CH3 domain that favors heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains over homodimerization. 4. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 3, wherein the mutations in the CH3 domain of the first allele are selected from D276K, E233K, and Q234K and the mutations in the CH3 domain of the second allele are selected from K286D, K269D, and T247D. 5. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 4, wherein the first and second heavy chain allele comprise Cγ1 exon sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2. 6. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the mutated CH exon comprises a Cμ or Cε exon with a mutated CH4 domain that favors heterodimerization of the encoded heavy chains over homodimerization. 7. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the first and second alleles lack exons encoding CH1 domains. 8. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein endogenous CH have been deleted and replaced with CH exons that are mutated such that heavy chain heterodimerization is favored over homodimerization. 9. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the first and second immunoglobulin heavy chain loci comprise VH, D and JH genes comprising human coding sequences and rodent regulatory sequences. 10. The genetically modified rodent according to claim 1, wherein the rodent is a mouse or a rat. 11. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas from the genetically modified rodent according to claim 1. 12. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas according to claim 11, that express two functional heavy chains per cell and one light chain. 13. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas according to claim 11, that co-express two or more different antigen receptors per cell and/or a bispecific antigen receptor. 14. Primary B cells, immortalized B cells, or hybridomas from the genetically modified rodent according to claim 7, wherein the B lymphocytes express heavy chain only antibodies. 15. An immunoglobulin heavy chain gene from the genetically modified rodent of claim 1. 16. A part or whole immunoglobulin protein encoded by the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes of claim 15. 17. A method of producing bispecific antibodies comprising immunizing the rodent according to claim 1 with two different antigens. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the two antigens are injected simultaneously 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the two antigens are injected sequentially. 20. The genetically modified rodent of claim 1, which when injected with two different antigens simultaneously, or with one antigen followed by a second different antigen, generates B lymphocytes co-expressing two or more different antigen receptors per cell and/or a bispecific antigen receptor which recognize the two different antigens. | 3,600 |
343,545 | 16,802,985 | 2,651 | A mounting system which includes a pocket for receiving a digital recorder or a wireless transmitter and a connector for connecting to the body of a microphone device, such as a hand held microphone. The pocket is made of a polyurethane foam and laminated with a four-way stretch nylon fabric which acts to grip the digital recorder or wireless transmitter to prevent it from sliding out of the pocket when handling the microphone. This pocket also covers the logo of the recorder or transmitter and any indicator lights or other indicators on the recorder or transmitter to make the digital recorder or wireless transmitter as visually low profile as possible. The mounting system provides unobstructed access to the microphone's on/off switch and indicator light. The four-way stretch nylon fabric helps retain the digital recorder or wireless transmitter near the top of the microphone. | 1. A mounting device comprising:
a connector and a pocket; said pocket configured to receive a digital device; said connector configured to be placed about a handle of a microphone device comprising a first microphone; said digital device comprising a second microphone; wherein said digital device is situated by said connector such that said second microphone is in proximity to said first microphone; and said pocket configured to secure said digital device within an opening of said pocket. 2. The mounting device of claim 1, further comprising:
said connector and said pocket being constructed from a polyurethane foam; and said connector and said pocket being further constructed from a four-way stretchable fabric affixed to an exterior of said polyurethane foam. 3. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said digital device, thereby preventing slippage. 4. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said handle of said microphone, thereby preventing slippage. 5. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein said digital device comprises a wireless transmitter having a transmitter microphone. 6. The mounting device of claim 5, further comprising:
a remote wireless receiver; and said remote wireless receiver wirelessly connected to said wireless transmitter such that audio captured by said transmitter microphone is wirelessly transferred to said remote wireless receiver. 7. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein said digital device comprises a digital audio recorder. 8. A mounting system for mounting a digital device to a hand held microphone having a handle, the system comprising:
a digital device mount comprising a connector and a pocket; said pocket configured to receive a digital device; said connector configured to be placed about the handle of the hand held microphone, said hand held microphone comprising a first microphone; said digital device comprising a second microphone; wherein said digital device is situated by said connector such that said second microphone is in proximity to said first microphone; said pocket configured to secure said digital device within an opening of said pocket; said connector and said pocket being constructed from a polyurethane foam; and said connector and said pocket being further constructed from a four-way stretchable fabric affixed to an exterior of said polyurethane foam. 9. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said digital device, thereby preventing slippage. 10. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said handle of said microphone, thereby preventing slippage. 11. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said digital device comprises a wireless transmitter having a transmitter microphone. 12. The mounting device of claim 11, further comprising:
a remote wireless receiver; and said remote wireless receiver wirelessly connected to said wireless transmitter such that audio captured by said transmitter microphone is wirelessly transferred to said remote wireless receiver. 13. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said digital device comprises a digital audio recorder. 14. A method of mounting a digital device to a microphone enclosure, the method comprising the steps:
connecting a digital device mount to a handle of the microphone enclosure by wrapping a connector of said digital device mount about said handle, said microphone enclosure comprising a first microphone; placing a digital device within a pocket of said digital device mount, said digital device comprising a second microphone; positioning said digital device such that said second microphone is in proximity to said first microphone; and securing said digital device within said pocket. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device mount pocket and connector being constructed from a polyurethane foam; said connector and said pocket being further constructed from a four-way stretchable fabric affixed to an exterior of said polyurethane foam; preventing said connector from slipping against said handle of said microphone enclosure via said four-way stretchable fabric; and securing said digital device within said pocket via said four-way stretchable fabric. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device comprising a digital transmitter; wirelessly communicating audio received by said second microphone from said digital transmitter to a remote receiver; and receiving said audio received by said second microphone with said remote receiver. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device comprising an indicator light; and blocking said indicator light with said pocket. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device comprising a display; and blocking said display with said pocket. | A mounting system which includes a pocket for receiving a digital recorder or a wireless transmitter and a connector for connecting to the body of a microphone device, such as a hand held microphone. The pocket is made of a polyurethane foam and laminated with a four-way stretch nylon fabric which acts to grip the digital recorder or wireless transmitter to prevent it from sliding out of the pocket when handling the microphone. This pocket also covers the logo of the recorder or transmitter and any indicator lights or other indicators on the recorder or transmitter to make the digital recorder or wireless transmitter as visually low profile as possible. The mounting system provides unobstructed access to the microphone's on/off switch and indicator light. The four-way stretch nylon fabric helps retain the digital recorder or wireless transmitter near the top of the microphone.1. A mounting device comprising:
a connector and a pocket; said pocket configured to receive a digital device; said connector configured to be placed about a handle of a microphone device comprising a first microphone; said digital device comprising a second microphone; wherein said digital device is situated by said connector such that said second microphone is in proximity to said first microphone; and said pocket configured to secure said digital device within an opening of said pocket. 2. The mounting device of claim 1, further comprising:
said connector and said pocket being constructed from a polyurethane foam; and said connector and said pocket being further constructed from a four-way stretchable fabric affixed to an exterior of said polyurethane foam. 3. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said digital device, thereby preventing slippage. 4. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said handle of said microphone, thereby preventing slippage. 5. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein said digital device comprises a wireless transmitter having a transmitter microphone. 6. The mounting device of claim 5, further comprising:
a remote wireless receiver; and said remote wireless receiver wirelessly connected to said wireless transmitter such that audio captured by said transmitter microphone is wirelessly transferred to said remote wireless receiver. 7. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein said digital device comprises a digital audio recorder. 8. A mounting system for mounting a digital device to a hand held microphone having a handle, the system comprising:
a digital device mount comprising a connector and a pocket; said pocket configured to receive a digital device; said connector configured to be placed about the handle of the hand held microphone, said hand held microphone comprising a first microphone; said digital device comprising a second microphone; wherein said digital device is situated by said connector such that said second microphone is in proximity to said first microphone; said pocket configured to secure said digital device within an opening of said pocket; said connector and said pocket being constructed from a polyurethane foam; and said connector and said pocket being further constructed from a four-way stretchable fabric affixed to an exterior of said polyurethane foam. 9. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said digital device, thereby preventing slippage. 10. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said four-way stretchable fabric is configured to grip against said handle of said microphone, thereby preventing slippage. 11. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said digital device comprises a wireless transmitter having a transmitter microphone. 12. The mounting device of claim 11, further comprising:
a remote wireless receiver; and said remote wireless receiver wirelessly connected to said wireless transmitter such that audio captured by said transmitter microphone is wirelessly transferred to said remote wireless receiver. 13. The mounting device of claim 8, wherein said digital device comprises a digital audio recorder. 14. A method of mounting a digital device to a microphone enclosure, the method comprising the steps:
connecting a digital device mount to a handle of the microphone enclosure by wrapping a connector of said digital device mount about said handle, said microphone enclosure comprising a first microphone; placing a digital device within a pocket of said digital device mount, said digital device comprising a second microphone; positioning said digital device such that said second microphone is in proximity to said first microphone; and securing said digital device within said pocket. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device mount pocket and connector being constructed from a polyurethane foam; said connector and said pocket being further constructed from a four-way stretchable fabric affixed to an exterior of said polyurethane foam; preventing said connector from slipping against said handle of said microphone enclosure via said four-way stretchable fabric; and securing said digital device within said pocket via said four-way stretchable fabric. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device comprising a digital transmitter; wirelessly communicating audio received by said second microphone from said digital transmitter to a remote receiver; and receiving said audio received by said second microphone with said remote receiver. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device comprising an indicator light; and blocking said indicator light with said pocket. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps:
said digital device comprising a display; and blocking said display with said pocket. | 2,600 |
343,546 | 16,802,955 | 2,651 | A lighting device includes: a light source; a plate-like optical member on which light from the light source falls; an optical sheet that imparts an optical effect to light emitted from the optical member; and an accommodating member that surrounds outer peripheral edges of the optical member and outer peripheral edges of the optical sheet. The optical sheet has a body part having a polygonal shape, extension portions provided on side portions of the body part and placed between the outer peripheral edges of the optical member and the chassis, and curtain portions, provided in corner portions of the body part, each of which connects the extension portions provided on adjacent ones of the side portions, and the extension portions and the curtain portions are provided with folds, respectively. | 1. A lighting device comprising:
a light source; a plate-like optical member on which light from the light source falls; an optical sheet that imparts an optical effect to light emitted from the optical member; and an accommodating member that surrounds outer peripheral edges of the optical member and outer peripheral edges of the optical sheet, wherein the optical sheet has a body part having a polygonal shape, extension portions provided on side portions of the body part and placed between the outer peripheral edges of the optical member and the accommodating member, and curtain portions, provided in corner portions of the body part, each of which connects the extension portions provided on adjacent ones of the side portions, and the extension portions and the curtain portions are provided with folds, respectively. 2. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the body part, the extension portions, and the curtain portions are formed by a single sheet member. 3. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein each of the extension portions is provided so as to extend in a predetermined direction from a corresponding one of the side portions and provided with a fold that crosses the direction of extension. 4. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is a light-guiding plate having an entrance end face which is a portion of the outer peripheral edges and on which the light from the light source falls and a light exit plate surface which is either of a pair of plate surfaces and through which the light is emitted, and
the extension portions are provided for each separate one of the side portions excluding the side portion facing the entrance end face of the light-guiding plate. 5. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is a diffusion plate having a light entrance face which is a first one of a pair of plate surfaces on which the light from the light source falls and a light exit surface which is a second one of the pair of plate surfaces and through which the light is emitted, and
the extension portions are provided for each separate one of all of the side portions. 6. A display device comprising:
the lighting device according to claim 1; and a display panel that displays an image with light emitted from the lighting device. | A lighting device includes: a light source; a plate-like optical member on which light from the light source falls; an optical sheet that imparts an optical effect to light emitted from the optical member; and an accommodating member that surrounds outer peripheral edges of the optical member and outer peripheral edges of the optical sheet. The optical sheet has a body part having a polygonal shape, extension portions provided on side portions of the body part and placed between the outer peripheral edges of the optical member and the chassis, and curtain portions, provided in corner portions of the body part, each of which connects the extension portions provided on adjacent ones of the side portions, and the extension portions and the curtain portions are provided with folds, respectively.1. A lighting device comprising:
a light source; a plate-like optical member on which light from the light source falls; an optical sheet that imparts an optical effect to light emitted from the optical member; and an accommodating member that surrounds outer peripheral edges of the optical member and outer peripheral edges of the optical sheet, wherein the optical sheet has a body part having a polygonal shape, extension portions provided on side portions of the body part and placed between the outer peripheral edges of the optical member and the accommodating member, and curtain portions, provided in corner portions of the body part, each of which connects the extension portions provided on adjacent ones of the side portions, and the extension portions and the curtain portions are provided with folds, respectively. 2. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the body part, the extension portions, and the curtain portions are formed by a single sheet member. 3. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein each of the extension portions is provided so as to extend in a predetermined direction from a corresponding one of the side portions and provided with a fold that crosses the direction of extension. 4. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is a light-guiding plate having an entrance end face which is a portion of the outer peripheral edges and on which the light from the light source falls and a light exit plate surface which is either of a pair of plate surfaces and through which the light is emitted, and
the extension portions are provided for each separate one of the side portions excluding the side portion facing the entrance end face of the light-guiding plate. 5. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is a diffusion plate having a light entrance face which is a first one of a pair of plate surfaces on which the light from the light source falls and a light exit surface which is a second one of the pair of plate surfaces and through which the light is emitted, and
the extension portions are provided for each separate one of all of the side portions. 6. A display device comprising:
the lighting device according to claim 1; and a display panel that displays an image with light emitted from the lighting device. | 2,600 |
343,547 | 16,802,981 | 2,651 | Provided is a protection method for use in fan malfunctions, applicable to an electronic device, and effective in preventing the electronic device from being overheated. The electronic device includes a fan, temperature sensor, and processor. The method includes steps of: limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to a predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to a first restored rotation speed when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than the predetermined upper rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. | 1. A protection method for use in fan malfunctions, applicable to an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a fan, a temperature sensor, and a processor, the protection method comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to a predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to a first restored rotation speed when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than the predetermined upper rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. 2. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: the electronic device's entering a hibernate mode, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit. 3. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: displaying a warning message on a display unit, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit; and stopping the displaying of the warning message, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. 4. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature is also less than the predetermined upper temperature limit. 5. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: determining whether the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to a restored temperature, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than the first restored rotation speed; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to the restored temperature, wherein the restored temperature is less than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit. 6. The protection method of claim 1, wherein the first restored rotation speed is less than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit. 7. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to a predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to a second restored rotation speed, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than the predetermined lower rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the second restored rotation speed. 8. The protection method of claim 7, wherein the second restored rotation speed is greater than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit. 9. A protection method for use in fan malfunctions, applicable to an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a fan, a temperature sensor, and a processor, the protection method comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to a predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to a restored rotation speed, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than the predetermined lower rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the restored rotation speed. 10. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the step of: the electronic device's entering a hibernate mode, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit. 11. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: displaying a warning message on a display unit, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit; and stopping the displaying of the warning message, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the restored rotation speed. 12. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the step of: determining whether the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the restored rotation speed, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also less than the predetermined upper temperature limit. 13. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: determining whether the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to a restored temperature, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is less than the restored rotation speed; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to the restored temperature. 14. The protection method of claim 9, wherein the restored rotation speed is greater than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit. 15. A protection system for use in fan malfunctions, comprising a fan, a temperature sensor, and a processor, wherein the protection system loads a computer program and executes the computer program to carry out a protection method, the protection method comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to a predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to a first restored rotation speed when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than the predetermined upper rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. | Provided is a protection method for use in fan malfunctions, applicable to an electronic device, and effective in preventing the electronic device from being overheated. The electronic device includes a fan, temperature sensor, and processor. The method includes steps of: limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to a predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to a first restored rotation speed when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than the predetermined upper rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed.1. A protection method for use in fan malfunctions, applicable to an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a fan, a temperature sensor, and a processor, the protection method comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to a predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to a first restored rotation speed when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than the predetermined upper rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. 2. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: the electronic device's entering a hibernate mode, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit. 3. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: displaying a warning message on a display unit, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit; and stopping the displaying of the warning message, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. 4. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature is also less than the predetermined upper temperature limit. 5. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: determining whether the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to a restored temperature, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than the first restored rotation speed; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to the restored temperature, wherein the restored temperature is less than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit. 6. The protection method of claim 1, wherein the first restored rotation speed is less than or equal to the predetermined upper rotation speed limit. 7. The protection method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to a predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to a second restored rotation speed, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than the predetermined lower rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the second restored rotation speed. 8. The protection method of claim 7, wherein the second restored rotation speed is greater than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit. 9. A protection method for use in fan malfunctions, applicable to an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a fan, a temperature sensor, and a processor, the protection method comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to a predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to a restored rotation speed, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than the predetermined lower rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the restored rotation speed. 10. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the step of: the electronic device's entering a hibernate mode, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit. 11. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: displaying a warning message on a display unit, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to the predetermined upper temperature limit; and stopping the displaying of the warning message, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the restored rotation speed. 12. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the step of: determining whether the fan's rotation speed is greater than or equal to the restored rotation speed, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed less than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also less than the predetermined upper temperature limit. 13. The protection method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: determining whether the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to a restored temperature, upon determination that the fan's rotation speed is less than the restored rotation speed; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance, upon determination that the electronic device's temperature is less than or equal to the restored temperature. 14. The protection method of claim 9, wherein the restored rotation speed is greater than or equal to the predetermined lower rotation speed limit. 15. A protection system for use in fan malfunctions, comprising a fan, a temperature sensor, and a processor, wherein the protection system loads a computer program and executes the computer program to carry out a protection method, the protection method comprising the steps of:
limiting the processor's performance, upon determination that not only is the fan's rotation speed greater than or equal to a predetermined upper rotation speed limit, but the electronic device's temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is also greater than or equal to a predetermined upper temperature limit; determining whether the fan's rotation speed is less than or equal to a first restored rotation speed when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than the predetermined upper rotation speed limit; and stopping the limiting of the processor's performance when the fan's rotation speed is determined to be less than or equal to the first restored rotation speed. | 2,600 |
343,548 | 16,802,982 | 2,651 | A shoe cleaning apparatus and method configured for cleaning a user's shoes while the user is wearing said shoes. A cleaning solution can be supplied by the shoe cleaning apparatus and operation of the shoe cleaning apparatus can agitate the surface of the shoe and the cleaning solution. The shoe cleaning apparatus can be provided as part of a decorative or storage unit, entry system, portable system, or built-in system. | 1. A shoe cleaning apparatus, comprising:
a housing assembly; a platform having an upper surface adapted to receive footwear for cleaning, the platform operably coupled to the housing assembly; a fluid delivery system fluidly coupled to the upper surface and configured to provide a cleaning fluid thereto; and a fluid recovery system fluidly coupled to the upper surface and including a suction source. 2. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one fluid container removably mounted to the housing assembly and adapted to contain a supply of the cleaning fluid. 3. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one recovery container removably mounted to the housing assembly and having an air and liquid separator therein. 4. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 3 wherein the fluid recovery system includes at least one inlet in communication with the recovery container through which the suction source is configured to draw soiled cleaning fluid therethrough. 5. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a working air conduit extending from the at least one inlet to the recovery container. 6. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 5 wherein at least a portion of the working air conduit is telescopic. 7. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 6 wherein the platform is pivotably coupled to the housing assembly. 8. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 6 wherein the platform is moveable between a first stored position and second extended position wherein the platform is further from the housing assembly than in the first stored position. 9. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a sensor located on one of the housing assembly or the platform and configured to sense a presence of a user. 10. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an actuator configured to move the platform to the second extended position. 11. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled with the sensor to receive an output therefrom, the controller communicatively coupled with the actuator to control operation of the actuator, the controller communicatively coupled with a pump of the fluid delivery system, and the controller communicatively coupled with the suction source of the fluid recovery system. 12. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the controller is configured to operate the pump and the suction source during a twenty second cycle of operation. 13. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a UV lighting element operably coupled to the controller, the UV lighting element located adjacent a portion of the platform and configured to emit UVC light or UVA light. 14. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 3 wherein at least one of the at least one fluid container or the at least one recovery container is fluidly couplable to a plumbing infrastructure of a building. 15. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the platform is moveable between a first stored position and second use position wherein at least a portion of the platform is further from the housing assembly than in the first stored position. 16. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a sensor located on a lower surface of the platform and configured to sense a presence of a user when the platform is in the first stored position. 17. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 16 wherein the platform is hingedly coupled to the housing assembly and further comprising an actuator configured to move the platform to the second use position. 18. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled with the sensor to receive an output therefrom, with the controller communicatively coupled with the actuator to control operation of the actuator, with the controller communicatively coupled with a pump of the fluid delivery system, and the controller communicatively coupled with the suction source of the fluid recovery system. 19. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein a set of nubs are located on the upper surface of the platform and configured to agitated a surface of footwear received thereon. 20. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the housing assembly is portable. | A shoe cleaning apparatus and method configured for cleaning a user's shoes while the user is wearing said shoes. A cleaning solution can be supplied by the shoe cleaning apparatus and operation of the shoe cleaning apparatus can agitate the surface of the shoe and the cleaning solution. The shoe cleaning apparatus can be provided as part of a decorative or storage unit, entry system, portable system, or built-in system.1. A shoe cleaning apparatus, comprising:
a housing assembly; a platform having an upper surface adapted to receive footwear for cleaning, the platform operably coupled to the housing assembly; a fluid delivery system fluidly coupled to the upper surface and configured to provide a cleaning fluid thereto; and a fluid recovery system fluidly coupled to the upper surface and including a suction source. 2. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one fluid container removably mounted to the housing assembly and adapted to contain a supply of the cleaning fluid. 3. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one recovery container removably mounted to the housing assembly and having an air and liquid separator therein. 4. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 3 wherein the fluid recovery system includes at least one inlet in communication with the recovery container through which the suction source is configured to draw soiled cleaning fluid therethrough. 5. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a working air conduit extending from the at least one inlet to the recovery container. 6. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 5 wherein at least a portion of the working air conduit is telescopic. 7. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 6 wherein the platform is pivotably coupled to the housing assembly. 8. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 6 wherein the platform is moveable between a first stored position and second extended position wherein the platform is further from the housing assembly than in the first stored position. 9. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a sensor located on one of the housing assembly or the platform and configured to sense a presence of a user. 10. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an actuator configured to move the platform to the second extended position. 11. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled with the sensor to receive an output therefrom, the controller communicatively coupled with the actuator to control operation of the actuator, the controller communicatively coupled with a pump of the fluid delivery system, and the controller communicatively coupled with the suction source of the fluid recovery system. 12. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the controller is configured to operate the pump and the suction source during a twenty second cycle of operation. 13. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a UV lighting element operably coupled to the controller, the UV lighting element located adjacent a portion of the platform and configured to emit UVC light or UVA light. 14. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 3 wherein at least one of the at least one fluid container or the at least one recovery container is fluidly couplable to a plumbing infrastructure of a building. 15. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the platform is moveable between a first stored position and second use position wherein at least a portion of the platform is further from the housing assembly than in the first stored position. 16. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a sensor located on a lower surface of the platform and configured to sense a presence of a user when the platform is in the first stored position. 17. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 16 wherein the platform is hingedly coupled to the housing assembly and further comprising an actuator configured to move the platform to the second use position. 18. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled with the sensor to receive an output therefrom, with the controller communicatively coupled with the actuator to control operation of the actuator, with the controller communicatively coupled with a pump of the fluid delivery system, and the controller communicatively coupled with the suction source of the fluid recovery system. 19. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein a set of nubs are located on the upper surface of the platform and configured to agitated a surface of footwear received thereon. 20. The shoe cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the housing assembly is portable. | 2,600 |
343,549 | 16,802,957 | 2,651 | A method and an apparatus for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device. The method includes: determining time deviation values of a to-be-evaluated device in all of N time periods; determining an inherent deviation value based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods; determining, based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods and the inherent deviation value, timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods; and selecting a target timing jitter amplitude with a largest timing jitter amplitude. The evaluation parameter for measuring the quality of the software running environment of the to-be-evaluated device can be obtained, and the quality of the software running environment of the device can be evaluated by using the evaluation parameter. | 1. A method for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device, comprising:
determining time deviation values of a to-be-evaluated device in all of N time periods, wherein the time deviation values in all of the N time periods comprise a current time deviation value in a current time period and previous time deviation values in (N−1) time periods before the current time period, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; determining an inherent deviation value based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods, wherein the inherent deviation value is a mean value of the time deviation values in all of the N time periods; determining, based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods and the inherent deviation value, timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods; selecting, from the timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods, a target timing jitter amplitude with a largest timing jitter amplitude, wherein the target timing jitter amplitude is an evaluation parameter for measuring the quality of the software running environment of the to-be-evaluated device. 2. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the N time periods comprises:
obtaining a first running duration of a target device, wherein the first running duration is a running duration of the target device at a starting time point in the current time period; determining a second running duration of the target device, wherein the second running duration is the running duration of the target device at an ending time point in the current time period; determining a first system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the second running duration and the first running duration, a third running duration of the target device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the first system time and the third running duration, a predicted system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; determining, based on the predicted system time and an actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period, wherein the actual system time is a system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; and obtaining the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 3. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining of the second running duration of the target device comprises:
obtaining the previous time deviation value in a previous time period of the current time period; obtaining a fourth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the fourth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determining a startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device; and determining the second running duration of the target device based on the fourth running duration, the startup time difference, and the previous time deviation value in the previous time period. 4. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 3, wherein the determining of the startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device comprises:
obtaining a second system time and a fifth running duration of the target device, wherein the second system time is the system time of the target device at a first target time point, and the fifth running duration is the running duration of the target device at the first target time point; obtaining a third system time and a sixth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the third system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at a second target time point, and the sixth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the second target time point, with the first target time point being prior to the second target time point; determining, based on the second system time and the third system time, a duration between the first target time point and the second target time point; determining, based on the duration and the fifth running duration, a seventh running duration of the target device at the second target time point; and determining, based on the seventh running duration and the sixth running duration, the startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device. 5. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, of the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period comprises:
sending the predicted system time to the target device; and receiving the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period sent by the target device, wherein the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period is calculated by the target device based on the predicted system time and the actual system time. 6. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, of the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period comprises:
sending a request for obtaining the actual system time to the target device; receiving the actual system time sent by the target device; and calculating, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 7. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, of the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period comprises:
obtaining a pre-stored actual system time; and calculating, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 8. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the N time periods comprises:
obtaining an eighth running duration and a fourth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the eighth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the fourth system time is a system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; obtaining a ninth running duration and a fifth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the ninth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the fifth system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the starting time point in the current time period; determining, based on the eighth running duration and the ninth running duration, a tenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the fourth system time and the fifth system time, an eleventh running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the tenth running duration and the eleventh running duration, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtaining the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 9. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the N time periods comprises:
obtaining a twelfth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the twelfth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the ending time point in the current time period is determined by a period timer; obtaining a thirteenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the thirteenth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the starting time point in the current time period is determined by the period timer; determining, based on the twelfth running duration and the thirteenth running duration, a fourteenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the fourteenth running duration and the current time period, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtaining the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 10. An apparatus for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device, comprising:
a first determining module, configured to determine time deviation values of a to-be-evaluated device in all of N time periods, wherein the time deviation values in all of the N time periods comprise a current time deviation value in a current time period and previous time deviation values in (N−1) time periods before the current time period, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; a second determining module, configured to determine an inherent deviation value based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods, wherein the inherent deviation value is a mean value of the time deviation values in all of the N time periods; a third determining module, configured to determine, based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods and the inherent deviation value, timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods; and a selection module, configured to select, from the timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods, a target timing jitter amplitude with a largest timing jitter amplitude, wherein the target timing jitter amplitude is an evaluation parameter for measuring the quality of the software running environment of the to-be-evaluated device. 11. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 10, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain a first running duration of a target device, wherein the first running duration is a running duration of the target device at a starting time point in the current time period; determine a second running duration of the target device, wherein the second running duration is the running duration of the target device at an ending time point in the current time period; determine a first system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the second running duration and the first running duration, a third running duration of the target device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the first system time and the third running duration, a predicted system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; determine, based on the predicted system time and an actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period, wherein the actual system time is a system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; and obtain the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 12. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain the previous time deviation value in a previous time period of the current time period; obtain a fourth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the fourth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determine a startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device; and determine the second running duration of the target device based on the fourth running duration, the startup time difference, and the previous time deviation value in the previous time period. 13. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 12, comprising:
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain a second system time and a fifth running duration of the target device, wherein the second system time is the system time of the target device at a first target time point, and the fifth running duration is the running duration of the target device at the first target time point; obtain a third system time and a sixth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the third system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at a second target time point, and the sixth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the second target time point, with the first target time point being prior to the second target time point; determine, based on the second system time and the third system time, a duration between the first target time point and the second target time point; determine, based on the duration and the fifth running duration, a seventh running duration of the target device at the second target time point; and determine, based on the seventh running duration and the sixth running duration, the startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device. 14. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: send the predicted system time to the target device; and receive the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period sent by the target device, wherein the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period is calculated by the target device based on the predicted system time and the actual system time. 15. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: send a request for obtaining the actual system time to the target device; receive the actual system time sent by the target device; and calculate, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 16. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain the pre-stored actual system time; and calculate, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 17. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 10, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain an eighth running duration and a fourth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the eighth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the fourth system time is a system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; obtain a ninth running duration and a fifth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the ninth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the fifth system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the starting time point in the current time period; determine, based on the eighth running duration and the ninth running duration, a tenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the fourth system time and the fifth system time, an eleventh running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the tenth running duration and the eleventh running duration, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtain the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 18. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 10, comprising:
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain a twelfth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the twelfth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the ending time point in the current time period is determined by a period timer; obtain a thirteenth running duration the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the thirteenth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the starting time point in the current time period is determined by the period timer; determine, based on the twelfth running duration and the thirteenth running duration, a fourteenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the fourteenth running duration and the current time period, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtain the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 19. An apparatus for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device, comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory, wherein the at least one memory stores at least one operation instruction executable by the at least one processor, and the at least one processor reads the at least one operation instruction stored in the memory to implement the method according to claim 1. | A method and an apparatus for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device. The method includes: determining time deviation values of a to-be-evaluated device in all of N time periods; determining an inherent deviation value based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods; determining, based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods and the inherent deviation value, timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods; and selecting a target timing jitter amplitude with a largest timing jitter amplitude. The evaluation parameter for measuring the quality of the software running environment of the to-be-evaluated device can be obtained, and the quality of the software running environment of the device can be evaluated by using the evaluation parameter.1. A method for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device, comprising:
determining time deviation values of a to-be-evaluated device in all of N time periods, wherein the time deviation values in all of the N time periods comprise a current time deviation value in a current time period and previous time deviation values in (N−1) time periods before the current time period, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; determining an inherent deviation value based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods, wherein the inherent deviation value is a mean value of the time deviation values in all of the N time periods; determining, based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods and the inherent deviation value, timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods; selecting, from the timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods, a target timing jitter amplitude with a largest timing jitter amplitude, wherein the target timing jitter amplitude is an evaluation parameter for measuring the quality of the software running environment of the to-be-evaluated device. 2. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the N time periods comprises:
obtaining a first running duration of a target device, wherein the first running duration is a running duration of the target device at a starting time point in the current time period; determining a second running duration of the target device, wherein the second running duration is the running duration of the target device at an ending time point in the current time period; determining a first system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the second running duration and the first running duration, a third running duration of the target device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the first system time and the third running duration, a predicted system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; determining, based on the predicted system time and an actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period, wherein the actual system time is a system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; and obtaining the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 3. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining of the second running duration of the target device comprises:
obtaining the previous time deviation value in a previous time period of the current time period; obtaining a fourth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the fourth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determining a startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device; and determining the second running duration of the target device based on the fourth running duration, the startup time difference, and the previous time deviation value in the previous time period. 4. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 3, wherein the determining of the startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device comprises:
obtaining a second system time and a fifth running duration of the target device, wherein the second system time is the system time of the target device at a first target time point, and the fifth running duration is the running duration of the target device at the first target time point; obtaining a third system time and a sixth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the third system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at a second target time point, and the sixth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the second target time point, with the first target time point being prior to the second target time point; determining, based on the second system time and the third system time, a duration between the first target time point and the second target time point; determining, based on the duration and the fifth running duration, a seventh running duration of the target device at the second target time point; and determining, based on the seventh running duration and the sixth running duration, the startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device. 5. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, of the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period comprises:
sending the predicted system time to the target device; and receiving the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period sent by the target device, wherein the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period is calculated by the target device based on the predicted system time and the actual system time. 6. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, of the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period comprises:
sending a request for obtaining the actual system time to the target device; receiving the actual system time sent by the target device; and calculating, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 7. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 2, wherein the determining, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, of the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period comprises:
obtaining a pre-stored actual system time; and calculating, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 8. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the N time periods comprises:
obtaining an eighth running duration and a fourth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the eighth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the fourth system time is a system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; obtaining a ninth running duration and a fifth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the ninth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the fifth system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the starting time point in the current time period; determining, based on the eighth running duration and the ninth running duration, a tenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the fourth system time and the fifth system time, an eleventh running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the tenth running duration and the eleventh running duration, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtaining the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 9. The method for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the N time periods comprises:
obtaining a twelfth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the twelfth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the ending time point in the current time period is determined by a period timer; obtaining a thirteenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the thirteenth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the starting time point in the current time period is determined by the period timer; determining, based on the twelfth running duration and the thirteenth running duration, a fourteenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determining, based on the fourteenth running duration and the current time period, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtaining the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 10. An apparatus for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device, comprising:
a first determining module, configured to determine time deviation values of a to-be-evaluated device in all of N time periods, wherein the time deviation values in all of the N time periods comprise a current time deviation value in a current time period and previous time deviation values in (N−1) time periods before the current time period, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; a second determining module, configured to determine an inherent deviation value based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods, wherein the inherent deviation value is a mean value of the time deviation values in all of the N time periods; a third determining module, configured to determine, based on the time deviation values in all of the N time periods and the inherent deviation value, timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods; and a selection module, configured to select, from the timing jitter amplitudes in all of the N time periods, a target timing jitter amplitude with a largest timing jitter amplitude, wherein the target timing jitter amplitude is an evaluation parameter for measuring the quality of the software running environment of the to-be-evaluated device. 11. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 10, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain a first running duration of a target device, wherein the first running duration is a running duration of the target device at a starting time point in the current time period; determine a second running duration of the target device, wherein the second running duration is the running duration of the target device at an ending time point in the current time period; determine a first system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the second running duration and the first running duration, a third running duration of the target device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the first system time and the third running duration, a predicted system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; determine, based on the predicted system time and an actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period, wherein the actual system time is a system time of the target device at the starting time point in the current time period; and obtain the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 12. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain the previous time deviation value in a previous time period of the current time period; obtain a fourth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the fourth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; determine a startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device; and determine the second running duration of the target device based on the fourth running duration, the startup time difference, and the previous time deviation value in the previous time period. 13. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 12, comprising:
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain a second system time and a fifth running duration of the target device, wherein the second system time is the system time of the target device at a first target time point, and the fifth running duration is the running duration of the target device at the first target time point; obtain a third system time and a sixth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the third system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at a second target time point, and the sixth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at the second target time point, with the first target time point being prior to the second target time point; determine, based on the second system time and the third system time, a duration between the first target time point and the second target time point; determine, based on the duration and the fifth running duration, a seventh running duration of the target device at the second target time point; and determine, based on the seventh running duration and the sixth running duration, the startup time difference between the to-be-evaluated device and the target device. 14. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: send the predicted system time to the target device; and receive the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period sent by the target device, wherein the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period is calculated by the target device based on the predicted system time and the actual system time. 15. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: send a request for obtaining the actual system time to the target device; receive the actual system time sent by the target device; and calculate, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 16. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 11, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain the pre-stored actual system time; and calculate, based on the predicted system time and the actual system time, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period. 17. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 10, wherein
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain an eighth running duration and a fourth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the eighth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the fourth system time is a system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the ending time point in the current time period; obtain a ninth running duration and a fifth system time of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the ninth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the fifth system time is the system time of the to-be-evaluated device at the starting time point in the current time period; determine, based on the eighth running duration and the ninth running duration, a tenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the fourth system time and the fifth system time, an eleventh running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the tenth running duration and the eleventh running duration, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtain the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 18. The apparatus for evaluating the quality of the software running environment of the device according to claim 10, comprising:
the first determining module is further configured to: obtain a twelfth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the twelfth running duration is a running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at an ending time point in the current time period, and the ending time point in the current time period is determined by a period timer; obtain a thirteenth running duration the to-be-evaluated device, wherein the thirteenth running duration is the running duration of the to-be-evaluated device at a starting time point in the current time period, and the starting time point in the current time period is determined by the period timer; determine, based on the twelfth running duration and the thirteenth running duration, a fourteenth running duration of the to-be-evaluated device from the starting time point to the ending time point in the current time period; determine, based on the fourteenth running duration and the current time period, the current time deviation value of the to-be-evaluated device in the current time period; and obtain the previous time deviation values of the to-be-evaluated device in all of the (N−1) time periods before the current time period. 19. An apparatus for evaluating quality of a software running environment of a device, comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory, wherein the at least one memory stores at least one operation instruction executable by the at least one processor, and the at least one processor reads the at least one operation instruction stored in the memory to implement the method according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
343,550 | 16,802,990 | 2,651 | A method of and fixture for molding a product with an embedded ring. A system for molding a ring into a product including a rotational molding mold with an opening formed in the rotational molding mold sized to fit a ring. A fixture is removably couplable to the ring, wherein the ring and the fixture when coupled are removably couplable in the opening. The fixture is removed from the ring after the ring is molded into a product. A method of manufacturing a product with an embedded ring includes: coupling a ring to a fixture; clamping the fixture and the ring in an opening in a mold top; clamping the mold top to a mold bottom; rotomolding a product; unclamping the fixture from the mold top; uncoupling the fixture from the ring; unclamping the mold top and the mold bottom; and removing the product from the mold. | 1. A system for rotationally molding a ring into a product, the system comprising:
a rotational molding mold; an opening formed in said rotational molding mold sized to fit a ring; said ring comprising a plurality of coupler teeth; and a fixture comprising:
a fixture plate comprising magnet recesses formed in a top surface of the fixture plate;
a magnet corresponding to each magnet recess, wherein each magnet recess receives one magnet; and
a securing plate to the fixture plate to couple the magnets between within the magnet recesses and between the securing plate and the fixture plate, wherein the said ring is magnetically coupled to the fixture, wherein said ring and said fixture when coupled are removably coupled in said opening. 2. The system of claim 1, the magnet recesses are space equally around the fixture plate. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each magnet recess is located an equal distance from a center of the fixture plate. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the fixture plate further comprises coupler teeth openings formed in the fixture plate. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein each coupler teeth opening is located below a magnet recess. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the coupler teeth of the ring are received through the coupler teeth openings and magnetically secured in place by the magnets. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the fixture plate further comprises a mold ridge, wherein the mold ridge is a bottom portion of the fixture plate to prevent the fixture from falling onto the mold, and wherein the coupler teeth openings extend into the mold ridge surface. 8. A fixture for holding a ring in a mold for rotational molding, the fixture comprising:
a fixture plate comprising magnet recesses formed in a top surface of the fixture plate; a magnet corresponding to each magnet recess, wherein each magnet recess receives one magnet; and a securing plate to the fixture plate to couple the magnets between within the magnet recesses and between the securing plate and the fixture plate, wherein the said ring is magnetically coupled to the fixture, wherein said ring and said fixture when coupled are removably coupled in said opening. 9. The system of claim 8, the magnet recesses are space equally around the fixture plate. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each magnet recess is located an equal distance from a center of the fixture plate. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the fixture plate further comprises coupler teeth openings formed in the fixture plate. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein each coupler teeth opening is located below a magnet recess. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the coupler teeth of the ring are received through the coupler teeth openings and magnetically secured in place by the magnets. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the fixture plate further comprises a mold ridge, wherein the mold ridge is a bottom portion of the fixture plate to prevent the fixture from falling onto the mold, and wherein the coupler teeth openings extend into the mold ridge surface. | A method of and fixture for molding a product with an embedded ring. A system for molding a ring into a product including a rotational molding mold with an opening formed in the rotational molding mold sized to fit a ring. A fixture is removably couplable to the ring, wherein the ring and the fixture when coupled are removably couplable in the opening. The fixture is removed from the ring after the ring is molded into a product. A method of manufacturing a product with an embedded ring includes: coupling a ring to a fixture; clamping the fixture and the ring in an opening in a mold top; clamping the mold top to a mold bottom; rotomolding a product; unclamping the fixture from the mold top; uncoupling the fixture from the ring; unclamping the mold top and the mold bottom; and removing the product from the mold.1. A system for rotationally molding a ring into a product, the system comprising:
a rotational molding mold; an opening formed in said rotational molding mold sized to fit a ring; said ring comprising a plurality of coupler teeth; and a fixture comprising:
a fixture plate comprising magnet recesses formed in a top surface of the fixture plate;
a magnet corresponding to each magnet recess, wherein each magnet recess receives one magnet; and
a securing plate to the fixture plate to couple the magnets between within the magnet recesses and between the securing plate and the fixture plate, wherein the said ring is magnetically coupled to the fixture, wherein said ring and said fixture when coupled are removably coupled in said opening. 2. The system of claim 1, the magnet recesses are space equally around the fixture plate. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each magnet recess is located an equal distance from a center of the fixture plate. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the fixture plate further comprises coupler teeth openings formed in the fixture plate. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein each coupler teeth opening is located below a magnet recess. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the coupler teeth of the ring are received through the coupler teeth openings and magnetically secured in place by the magnets. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the fixture plate further comprises a mold ridge, wherein the mold ridge is a bottom portion of the fixture plate to prevent the fixture from falling onto the mold, and wherein the coupler teeth openings extend into the mold ridge surface. 8. A fixture for holding a ring in a mold for rotational molding, the fixture comprising:
a fixture plate comprising magnet recesses formed in a top surface of the fixture plate; a magnet corresponding to each magnet recess, wherein each magnet recess receives one magnet; and a securing plate to the fixture plate to couple the magnets between within the magnet recesses and between the securing plate and the fixture plate, wherein the said ring is magnetically coupled to the fixture, wherein said ring and said fixture when coupled are removably coupled in said opening. 9. The system of claim 8, the magnet recesses are space equally around the fixture plate. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each magnet recess is located an equal distance from a center of the fixture plate. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the fixture plate further comprises coupler teeth openings formed in the fixture plate. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein each coupler teeth opening is located below a magnet recess. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the coupler teeth of the ring are received through the coupler teeth openings and magnetically secured in place by the magnets. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the fixture plate further comprises a mold ridge, wherein the mold ridge is a bottom portion of the fixture plate to prevent the fixture from falling onto the mold, and wherein the coupler teeth openings extend into the mold ridge surface. | 2,600 |
343,551 | 16,802,976 | 2,651 | A semiconductor device includes a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a first capping film, and a second capping film. The first memory cell includes a first ovonic threshold switch (OTS) on a first phase change memory. The second memory cell includes a second OTS on a second phase change memory. The first capping film is on side surfaces of the first and second memory cells. The second capping film is on the first capping film and fills a space between the first and second memory cells. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a first memory cell extending in a first direction and including a first phase change memory and a first ovonic threshold switch (OTS); forming a first capping film along sidewalls of the first memory cell at a first temperature; and forming a second capping film directly on the first capping film at a second temperature higher than the first temperature. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first capping film and forming the second capping film are performed in-situ. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the first capping film is formed through a first plasma process using a N2 gas without a NH3 gas. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the second capping film is formed through a second plasma process using a NH3 gas. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second plasma process includes:
performing a first sub plasma process using a N2 gas; and performing a second sub plasma process using the NH3 gas, after the first sub plasma process. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the first and second capping films includes at least one of SiN, SiON, SiCN, and SiBN. 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
forming a second memory cell extending in the first direction and including a second phase change memory and a second OTS while the first memory cell is formed, wherein the second memory cell is spaced apart from the first memory cell in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the first capping film is continuous in the first direction along the sidewalls of the first memory cell and sidewalls of the second memory cell, and in the second direction between the sidewalls of the first and second memory cells, and wherein the second capping film entirely fills a space between the first and second memory cells. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein:
first memory cell includes an upper electrode and a lower electrode disposed with the first phase change memory and the first OTS interposed therebetween, and the first capping film and the second capping film do not cover an upper surface of the upper electrode. 28. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a first memory cell extending in a first direction and including a first phase change memory and a first ovonic threshold switch (OTS); forming a first capping film along sidewalls of the first memory cell using a first N2 plasma; and forming a second capping film on the first capping film using a second N2 plasma and a NH3 plasma, wherein the NH3 plasma is not used while the first capping film is formed. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the second capping film is formed at a higher temperature than the first capping film. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein forming the second capping film proceeds in-situ in succession to forming the first capping film. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the second capping film is formed directly on the first capping film. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein:
forming the first capping film includes a dose operation, a first purge operation, a radio frequency (RF) plasma operation, and a second purge operation which are performed successively, and the RF plasma operation uses the first N2 plasma. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein:
forming o the second capping film includes a dose operation, a first purge operation, a radio frequency (RF) plasma operation, a NH3 processing operation, and a second purge operation which are performed successively, the RF plasma operation uses the second N2 plasma, and the NH3 processing operation uses the NH3 plasma. 34. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
forming a second memory cell extending in the first direction and including a second phase change memory and a second OTS while the first memory cell is formed, wherein the second memory cell is spaced apart from the first memory cell in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the first capping film is continuous in the first direction along the sidewalls of the first memory cell and sidewalls of the second memory cell, and in the second direction between the sidewalls of the first and second memory cells, and wherein the second capping film entirely fills a space between the first and second memory cells. 35. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a lower electrode and a molding film surrounding the lower electrode, the molding film including SiN; forming a phase change memory, an ovonic threshold switch (OTS) and an upper electrode, the phase change memory and the OTS being disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode; forming a first capping film at a first temperature, the first capping film extending along sidewalls of the phase change memory, sidewalls of the OTS, sidewalls of the upper electrode, and an upper surface of the upper electrode; forming a second capping film directly on the first capping film at a second temperature higher than the first temperature; and removing a portion of the second capping film and a portion of the first capping film to expose the upper surface of the upper electrode, wherein each of the first and second capping films includes a nitride-based insulating material. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the first capping film is formed through a first plasma process using a N2 gas without a NH3 gas. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein:
the second capping film is formed through a second plasma process using a NH3 gas, and the second plasma process includes:
performing a first sub plasma process using a N2 gas; and
performing a second sub plasma process using the NH3 gas after the first sub plasma process. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein each of the first and second capping films includes at least one of SiN, SiON, SiCN, and SiBN. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the first capping film extends continuously between an upper surface of the mold film and a bottom surface of the second capping film. | A semiconductor device includes a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a first capping film, and a second capping film. The first memory cell includes a first ovonic threshold switch (OTS) on a first phase change memory. The second memory cell includes a second OTS on a second phase change memory. The first capping film is on side surfaces of the first and second memory cells. The second capping film is on the first capping film and fills a space between the first and second memory cells.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a first memory cell extending in a first direction and including a first phase change memory and a first ovonic threshold switch (OTS); forming a first capping film along sidewalls of the first memory cell at a first temperature; and forming a second capping film directly on the first capping film at a second temperature higher than the first temperature. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first capping film and forming the second capping film are performed in-situ. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the first capping film is formed through a first plasma process using a N2 gas without a NH3 gas. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the second capping film is formed through a second plasma process using a NH3 gas. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second plasma process includes:
performing a first sub plasma process using a N2 gas; and performing a second sub plasma process using the NH3 gas, after the first sub plasma process. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the first and second capping films includes at least one of SiN, SiON, SiCN, and SiBN. 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
forming a second memory cell extending in the first direction and including a second phase change memory and a second OTS while the first memory cell is formed, wherein the second memory cell is spaced apart from the first memory cell in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the first capping film is continuous in the first direction along the sidewalls of the first memory cell and sidewalls of the second memory cell, and in the second direction between the sidewalls of the first and second memory cells, and wherein the second capping film entirely fills a space between the first and second memory cells. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein:
first memory cell includes an upper electrode and a lower electrode disposed with the first phase change memory and the first OTS interposed therebetween, and the first capping film and the second capping film do not cover an upper surface of the upper electrode. 28. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a first memory cell extending in a first direction and including a first phase change memory and a first ovonic threshold switch (OTS); forming a first capping film along sidewalls of the first memory cell using a first N2 plasma; and forming a second capping film on the first capping film using a second N2 plasma and a NH3 plasma, wherein the NH3 plasma is not used while the first capping film is formed. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the second capping film is formed at a higher temperature than the first capping film. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein forming the second capping film proceeds in-situ in succession to forming the first capping film. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the second capping film is formed directly on the first capping film. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein:
forming the first capping film includes a dose operation, a first purge operation, a radio frequency (RF) plasma operation, and a second purge operation which are performed successively, and the RF plasma operation uses the first N2 plasma. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein:
forming o the second capping film includes a dose operation, a first purge operation, a radio frequency (RF) plasma operation, a NH3 processing operation, and a second purge operation which are performed successively, the RF plasma operation uses the second N2 plasma, and the NH3 processing operation uses the NH3 plasma. 34. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
forming a second memory cell extending in the first direction and including a second phase change memory and a second OTS while the first memory cell is formed, wherein the second memory cell is spaced apart from the first memory cell in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the first capping film is continuous in the first direction along the sidewalls of the first memory cell and sidewalls of the second memory cell, and in the second direction between the sidewalls of the first and second memory cells, and wherein the second capping film entirely fills a space between the first and second memory cells. 35. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a lower electrode and a molding film surrounding the lower electrode, the molding film including SiN; forming a phase change memory, an ovonic threshold switch (OTS) and an upper electrode, the phase change memory and the OTS being disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode; forming a first capping film at a first temperature, the first capping film extending along sidewalls of the phase change memory, sidewalls of the OTS, sidewalls of the upper electrode, and an upper surface of the upper electrode; forming a second capping film directly on the first capping film at a second temperature higher than the first temperature; and removing a portion of the second capping film and a portion of the first capping film to expose the upper surface of the upper electrode, wherein each of the first and second capping films includes a nitride-based insulating material. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the first capping film is formed through a first plasma process using a N2 gas without a NH3 gas. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein:
the second capping film is formed through a second plasma process using a NH3 gas, and the second plasma process includes:
performing a first sub plasma process using a N2 gas; and
performing a second sub plasma process using the NH3 gas after the first sub plasma process. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein each of the first and second capping films includes at least one of SiN, SiON, SiCN, and SiBN. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the first capping film extends continuously between an upper surface of the mold film and a bottom surface of the second capping film. | 2,600 |
343,552 | 16,802,971 | 3,733 | A luggage system with a wardrobe element which extends from the luggage portion and supports a crossbar for hanging clothing or costumes. An arm extends away from the crossbar for supporting a privacy curtain. The wardrobe element is secured within the sides of the luggage, and the opening of the luggage can be opened and closed without needing to store the wardrobe element. In a preferred embodiment, the wardrobe element includes two pairs of structural legs extending out of respective pockets within the luggage, the legs terminating at the crossbar. | 1. A wardrobe system comprising:
a luggage wardrobe having a lid, a base, two side walls, and two end walls, said base, side walls, and end walls creating an interior space; a structural support extending upwardly from said base of said storage compartment; said structural support comprised of a pair of telescoping legs configured to be transformed from a first, stored position to a second, deployed position; a stabilizer configured to be removably inserted between said pair of telescoping legs of said structural support, thereby stabilizing said structural support; and said stabilizer comprising a pair of notches, each one of said pair of notches configured to engage one of said pair of telescoping legs. 2. The wardrobe system of claim 1, further comprising:
a connector located within said interior space of said luggage wardrobe in proximity with said structural support; and said stabilizer having a hole configured to be receive said connector, thereby storing said stabilizer within said interior space of said luggage wardrobe. 3. The wardrobe system of claim 1, further comprising:
a storage crown configured to be placed atop said structural support; said storage crown configured to receive clothing hangers; and said storage crown configured to receive a horizontal rod configured for hanging clothing. 4. The wardrobe system of claim 1, further comprising:
an opening located in said luggage wardrobe, said opening corresponding with said structural support; and said opening configured to allow access to said structural support without opening said lid of said luggage wardrobe. 5. The wardrobe system of claim 2, wherein said opening is sealed with a zipper. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a strap having a buckled configured for securing said strap about a body; and a side pocket locating on an exterior of one of said side walls of said luggage wardrobe, said side pocket configured for receiving and securing a portion of said body. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said body comprises a foldable stool having legs and a seat. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein said side pocket comprises a diagonal opening and wherein said portion of said body comprises a portion of said seat. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least two wheels affixed to an exterior of said storage compartment. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of storage compartments affixed to an exterior of said storage compartment. | A luggage system with a wardrobe element which extends from the luggage portion and supports a crossbar for hanging clothing or costumes. An arm extends away from the crossbar for supporting a privacy curtain. The wardrobe element is secured within the sides of the luggage, and the opening of the luggage can be opened and closed without needing to store the wardrobe element. In a preferred embodiment, the wardrobe element includes two pairs of structural legs extending out of respective pockets within the luggage, the legs terminating at the crossbar.1. A wardrobe system comprising:
a luggage wardrobe having a lid, a base, two side walls, and two end walls, said base, side walls, and end walls creating an interior space; a structural support extending upwardly from said base of said storage compartment; said structural support comprised of a pair of telescoping legs configured to be transformed from a first, stored position to a second, deployed position; a stabilizer configured to be removably inserted between said pair of telescoping legs of said structural support, thereby stabilizing said structural support; and said stabilizer comprising a pair of notches, each one of said pair of notches configured to engage one of said pair of telescoping legs. 2. The wardrobe system of claim 1, further comprising:
a connector located within said interior space of said luggage wardrobe in proximity with said structural support; and said stabilizer having a hole configured to be receive said connector, thereby storing said stabilizer within said interior space of said luggage wardrobe. 3. The wardrobe system of claim 1, further comprising:
a storage crown configured to be placed atop said structural support; said storage crown configured to receive clothing hangers; and said storage crown configured to receive a horizontal rod configured for hanging clothing. 4. The wardrobe system of claim 1, further comprising:
an opening located in said luggage wardrobe, said opening corresponding with said structural support; and said opening configured to allow access to said structural support without opening said lid of said luggage wardrobe. 5. The wardrobe system of claim 2, wherein said opening is sealed with a zipper. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a strap having a buckled configured for securing said strap about a body; and a side pocket locating on an exterior of one of said side walls of said luggage wardrobe, said side pocket configured for receiving and securing a portion of said body. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said body comprises a foldable stool having legs and a seat. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein said side pocket comprises a diagonal opening and wherein said portion of said body comprises a portion of said seat. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least two wheels affixed to an exterior of said storage compartment. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of storage compartments affixed to an exterior of said storage compartment. | 3,700 |
343,553 | 16,802,988 | 3,733 | In a method of controlling a wheel loader, the wheel loader is moved forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work. Signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader are obtained during the excavation work. Prediction algorithms obtained through training are performed to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs. In case of the tire slip, an engine speed is decreased and the bucket is lifted to remove the tire slip. The bucket is moved along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed. | 1. A method of controlling a wheel loader, comprising:
moving the wheel loader forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work; obtaining signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader during the excavation work; performing prediction algorithms obtained through training to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; decreasing an engine speed and lifting the bucket to remove the tire slip in case of the tire slip; and moving the bucket along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the prediction algorithms comprises performing algorithms trained using data on a tire tractive force and a bucket breakout force as learning data for the tire slip determination. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the signals able to be used to determine the tire slip of the wheel loader comprises
obtaining a first group of signals required for calculating a tractive force of the tire; and obtaining a second group of signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first group of signals includes an engine rotational speed signal, a turbine rotational speed signal of a torque converter, a speed step signal of a transmission, a vehicle speed signal and a wheel rotational speed signal, and
the second group of signals includes a stroke signal of a boom cylinder, a stroke signal of a bucket cylinder and a pressure signal of the boom cylinder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the wheel rotational speed signal is obtained from an encoder installed in the tire. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the wheel loader forwards to perform the excavation work comprises increasing an engine speed without an operator stepping on an acceleration pedal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein lifting the bucket when the tire slip occurs comprises increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a time when the bucket penetrates into the aggregate and a speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the excavation work. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
terminating the autonomous excavation work mode when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state. 10. A control system for a wheel loader, comprising:
a plurality of sensors installed respective in an engine and a work apparatus and a travel apparatus driven by the engine to detect signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader, a control apparatus configured to output a control signal for performing an autonomous excavation work mode of the wheel loader, perform prediction algorithms obtained through training on the signals received from the sensors to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs and output first and second tire slip removal control signals so as to remove the tire slip within a desired value; an engine control device configured to decrease an engine rotational speed according to the first tire slip removal control signal; and a work control device configured to lift a bucket of the wheel loader according to the second tire slip removal control signal. 11. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus comprises
a data receiver configured to receive the signals from the sensors; a determiner configured to perform neural network algorithms on the signals to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; and an output portion configured to output the first and second tire slip removal control signals to the engine control device and the work control device respectively. 12. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the sensors comprise a first group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a tractive force of a tire and a second group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 13. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 12, wherein the first group of sensors includes at least one of an engine speed sensor, a turbine rotational speed sensor of a torque converter, a sensor for detecting speed step of a transmission, a vehicle speed sensor and a wheel speed detection sensor, and a second group of sensors includes at least one of a boom angle sensor, a bucket angle sensor and a boom cylinder pressure sensor. 14. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 13, wherein the wheel speed detection sensor comprises an encoder installed in the tire. 15. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus outputs an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined increase ratio value to the engine control device when the autonomous excavation work mode is entered, to increase the engine rotational speed. 16. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the first tire slip removal control signal includes an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined decrease ratio value. 17. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the second tire slip removal control signal includes a pilot pressure signal for increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 18. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when the bucket penetrates into an aggregate and speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the autonomous excavation work mode. 19. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state as an end point of the autonomous excavation work mode. | In a method of controlling a wheel loader, the wheel loader is moved forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work. Signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader are obtained during the excavation work. Prediction algorithms obtained through training are performed to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs. In case of the tire slip, an engine speed is decreased and the bucket is lifted to remove the tire slip. The bucket is moved along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed.1. A method of controlling a wheel loader, comprising:
moving the wheel loader forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work; obtaining signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader during the excavation work; performing prediction algorithms obtained through training to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; decreasing an engine speed and lifting the bucket to remove the tire slip in case of the tire slip; and moving the bucket along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the prediction algorithms comprises performing algorithms trained using data on a tire tractive force and a bucket breakout force as learning data for the tire slip determination. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the signals able to be used to determine the tire slip of the wheel loader comprises
obtaining a first group of signals required for calculating a tractive force of the tire; and obtaining a second group of signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first group of signals includes an engine rotational speed signal, a turbine rotational speed signal of a torque converter, a speed step signal of a transmission, a vehicle speed signal and a wheel rotational speed signal, and
the second group of signals includes a stroke signal of a boom cylinder, a stroke signal of a bucket cylinder and a pressure signal of the boom cylinder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the wheel rotational speed signal is obtained from an encoder installed in the tire. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the wheel loader forwards to perform the excavation work comprises increasing an engine speed without an operator stepping on an acceleration pedal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein lifting the bucket when the tire slip occurs comprises increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a time when the bucket penetrates into the aggregate and a speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the excavation work. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
terminating the autonomous excavation work mode when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state. 10. A control system for a wheel loader, comprising:
a plurality of sensors installed respective in an engine and a work apparatus and a travel apparatus driven by the engine to detect signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader, a control apparatus configured to output a control signal for performing an autonomous excavation work mode of the wheel loader, perform prediction algorithms obtained through training on the signals received from the sensors to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs and output first and second tire slip removal control signals so as to remove the tire slip within a desired value; an engine control device configured to decrease an engine rotational speed according to the first tire slip removal control signal; and a work control device configured to lift a bucket of the wheel loader according to the second tire slip removal control signal. 11. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus comprises
a data receiver configured to receive the signals from the sensors; a determiner configured to perform neural network algorithms on the signals to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; and an output portion configured to output the first and second tire slip removal control signals to the engine control device and the work control device respectively. 12. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the sensors comprise a first group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a tractive force of a tire and a second group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 13. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 12, wherein the first group of sensors includes at least one of an engine speed sensor, a turbine rotational speed sensor of a torque converter, a sensor for detecting speed step of a transmission, a vehicle speed sensor and a wheel speed detection sensor, and a second group of sensors includes at least one of a boom angle sensor, a bucket angle sensor and a boom cylinder pressure sensor. 14. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 13, wherein the wheel speed detection sensor comprises an encoder installed in the tire. 15. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus outputs an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined increase ratio value to the engine control device when the autonomous excavation work mode is entered, to increase the engine rotational speed. 16. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the first tire slip removal control signal includes an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined decrease ratio value. 17. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the second tire slip removal control signal includes a pilot pressure signal for increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 18. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when the bucket penetrates into an aggregate and speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the autonomous excavation work mode. 19. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state as an end point of the autonomous excavation work mode. | 3,700 |
343,554 | 16,802,969 | 3,733 | In a method of controlling a wheel loader, the wheel loader is moved forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work. Signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader are obtained during the excavation work. Prediction algorithms obtained through training are performed to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs. In case of the tire slip, an engine speed is decreased and the bucket is lifted to remove the tire slip. The bucket is moved along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed. | 1. A method of controlling a wheel loader, comprising:
moving the wheel loader forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work; obtaining signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader during the excavation work; performing prediction algorithms obtained through training to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; decreasing an engine speed and lifting the bucket to remove the tire slip in case of the tire slip; and moving the bucket along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the prediction algorithms comprises performing algorithms trained using data on a tire tractive force and a bucket breakout force as learning data for the tire slip determination. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the signals able to be used to determine the tire slip of the wheel loader comprises
obtaining a first group of signals required for calculating a tractive force of the tire; and obtaining a second group of signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first group of signals includes an engine rotational speed signal, a turbine rotational speed signal of a torque converter, a speed step signal of a transmission, a vehicle speed signal and a wheel rotational speed signal, and
the second group of signals includes a stroke signal of a boom cylinder, a stroke signal of a bucket cylinder and a pressure signal of the boom cylinder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the wheel rotational speed signal is obtained from an encoder installed in the tire. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the wheel loader forwards to perform the excavation work comprises increasing an engine speed without an operator stepping on an acceleration pedal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein lifting the bucket when the tire slip occurs comprises increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a time when the bucket penetrates into the aggregate and a speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the excavation work. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
terminating the autonomous excavation work mode when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state. 10. A control system for a wheel loader, comprising:
a plurality of sensors installed respective in an engine and a work apparatus and a travel apparatus driven by the engine to detect signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader, a control apparatus configured to output a control signal for performing an autonomous excavation work mode of the wheel loader, perform prediction algorithms obtained through training on the signals received from the sensors to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs and output first and second tire slip removal control signals so as to remove the tire slip within a desired value; an engine control device configured to decrease an engine rotational speed according to the first tire slip removal control signal; and a work control device configured to lift a bucket of the wheel loader according to the second tire slip removal control signal. 11. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus comprises
a data receiver configured to receive the signals from the sensors; a determiner configured to perform neural network algorithms on the signals to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; and an output portion configured to output the first and second tire slip removal control signals to the engine control device and the work control device respectively. 12. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the sensors comprise a first group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a tractive force of a tire and a second group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 13. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 12, wherein the first group of sensors includes at least one of an engine speed sensor, a turbine rotational speed sensor of a torque converter, a sensor for detecting speed step of a transmission, a vehicle speed sensor and a wheel speed detection sensor, and a second group of sensors includes at least one of a boom angle sensor, a bucket angle sensor and a boom cylinder pressure sensor. 14. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 13, wherein the wheel speed detection sensor comprises an encoder installed in the tire. 15. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus outputs an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined increase ratio value to the engine control device when the autonomous excavation work mode is entered, to increase the engine rotational speed. 16. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the first tire slip removal control signal includes an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined decrease ratio value. 17. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the second tire slip removal control signal includes a pilot pressure signal for increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 18. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when the bucket penetrates into an aggregate and speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the autonomous excavation work mode. 19. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state as an end point of the autonomous excavation work mode. | In a method of controlling a wheel loader, the wheel loader is moved forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work. Signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader are obtained during the excavation work. Prediction algorithms obtained through training are performed to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs. In case of the tire slip, an engine speed is decreased and the bucket is lifted to remove the tire slip. The bucket is moved along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed.1. A method of controlling a wheel loader, comprising:
moving the wheel loader forwards such that a bucket penetrates into an aggregate to perform an excavation work; obtaining signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader during the excavation work; performing prediction algorithms obtained through training to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; decreasing an engine speed and lifting the bucket to remove the tire slip in case of the tire slip; and moving the bucket along a predetermined autonomous excavation trajectory when the tire slip is removed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the prediction algorithms comprises performing algorithms trained using data on a tire tractive force and a bucket breakout force as learning data for the tire slip determination. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the signals able to be used to determine the tire slip of the wheel loader comprises
obtaining a first group of signals required for calculating a tractive force of the tire; and obtaining a second group of signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first group of signals includes an engine rotational speed signal, a turbine rotational speed signal of a torque converter, a speed step signal of a transmission, a vehicle speed signal and a wheel rotational speed signal, and
the second group of signals includes a stroke signal of a boom cylinder, a stroke signal of a bucket cylinder and a pressure signal of the boom cylinder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the wheel rotational speed signal is obtained from an encoder installed in the tire. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the wheel loader forwards to perform the excavation work comprises increasing an engine speed without an operator stepping on an acceleration pedal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein lifting the bucket when the tire slip occurs comprises increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a time when the bucket penetrates into the aggregate and a speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the excavation work. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
terminating the autonomous excavation work mode when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state. 10. A control system for a wheel loader, comprising:
a plurality of sensors installed respective in an engine and a work apparatus and a travel apparatus driven by the engine to detect signals able to be used to determine tire slip of the wheel loader, a control apparatus configured to output a control signal for performing an autonomous excavation work mode of the wheel loader, perform prediction algorithms obtained through training on the signals received from the sensors to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs and output first and second tire slip removal control signals so as to remove the tire slip within a desired value; an engine control device configured to decrease an engine rotational speed according to the first tire slip removal control signal; and a work control device configured to lift a bucket of the wheel loader according to the second tire slip removal control signal. 11. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus comprises
a data receiver configured to receive the signals from the sensors; a determiner configured to perform neural network algorithms on the signals to determine whether or not the tire slip occurs; and an output portion configured to output the first and second tire slip removal control signals to the engine control device and the work control device respectively. 12. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the sensors comprise a first group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a tractive force of a tire and a second group of sensors for detecting signals required for calculating a breakout force of the bucket. 13. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 12, wherein the first group of sensors includes at least one of an engine speed sensor, a turbine rotational speed sensor of a torque converter, a sensor for detecting speed step of a transmission, a vehicle speed sensor and a wheel speed detection sensor, and a second group of sensors includes at least one of a boom angle sensor, a bucket angle sensor and a boom cylinder pressure sensor. 14. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 13, wherein the wheel speed detection sensor comprises an encoder installed in the tire. 15. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus outputs an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined increase ratio value to the engine control device when the autonomous excavation work mode is entered, to increase the engine rotational speed. 16. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the first tire slip removal control signal includes an acceleration pedal output signal having a predetermined decrease ratio value. 17. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the second tire slip removal control signal includes a pilot pressure signal for increasing a stroke of a boom cylinder. 18. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when the bucket penetrates into an aggregate and speed step of a transmission is shifted down from second step to first step as an entry time of the autonomous excavation work mode. 19. The control system for a wheel loader of claim 10, wherein the control apparatus determines a time when an angle of the bucket is at the maximum crowd state as an end point of the autonomous excavation work mode. | 3,700 |
343,555 | 16,802,989 | 2,666 | Abnormality detection within a defined area includes obtaining a plurality of images of the defined area from image-capture devices. An extent of deviation of one or more types of products from an inference of each of the plurality of images is determined using a trained neural network. A localized dimensional representation is generated in a portion of an input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on gradients computed from the determined extent of deviation. The generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area. An action associated with the first location is executed based on the generated dimensional representation for proactive control or prevention of occurrence of undesired event in the defined area. | 1. A method for abnormality detection within a defined physical area, comprising:
obtaining, by a processor, a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image capture devices; computing, by the processor using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, by the processor using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing by the processor using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, by the processor using the trained neural network, a localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing, by the processor, an action associated with the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more types of products from an inference include a mean vector and a standard deviation vector, and the method further comprises comparing, by the processor, the mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of the corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising deriving, by the processor using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising applying, by the processor, backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an alert together with visual information, to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the defined area, wherein the alert is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to indicate the abnormality located in the first location within the defined area, and wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the alert, and wherein the alert together with visual information is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an instruction to a medical equipment present in the first location of the defined area to stop an action or malfunction of the medical equipment, wherein the instruction is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to prevent the occurrence of the undesired event in the defined area, and wherein the instruction is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising communicating, by the processor, visual information along with the instruction to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the first location or within a specified distance from the first location in the defined area, wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the communicated instruction. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising obtaining, by the processor, a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising generating, by the processor using the neural network, a temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on a localized portion across at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal two-dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising locating, by the processor using a recurrent neural network component of the neural network, a specific area at a given location within the defined area as a point of the abnormality, based on the generated temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on the localized portion that corresponds to the specific area at the given location. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising executing, by the processor, an unsupervised or a semi-supervised training of an neural network using training data of images of the defined area to obtain the trained neural network. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trained neural network is an attention-based variational autoencoder, and wherein the defined area is a hospital environment. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising identifying, by the processor using the trained neural network, an abnormality in a medical scan image obtained from a medical imaging device of a plurality of medical imaging devices that are communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the trained neural network is further trained using a plurality of medical scan images obtained previously from the plurality of medical imaging devices. 14. A system for abnormality detection within a defined area, the system comprising:
a server that includes a processor configured to:
obtain a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image-capture devices;
compute, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area;
determine, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images ;
compute, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold;
generate, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and
execute an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the one or more types of products from the inference include a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector and the processor is further configured to compare the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of a corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to derive, using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from the reference mean vector and the reference standard deviation vector. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to apply backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 18. The system according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to generate, using the neural network, a temporal dimensional representation on a localized portion of at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer implemented instructions that when executed by a computer causes the computer to execute operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining a plurality of images of the defined physical area from one or more image-capture devices; computing, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference of each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. | Abnormality detection within a defined area includes obtaining a plurality of images of the defined area from image-capture devices. An extent of deviation of one or more types of products from an inference of each of the plurality of images is determined using a trained neural network. A localized dimensional representation is generated in a portion of an input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on gradients computed from the determined extent of deviation. The generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area. An action associated with the first location is executed based on the generated dimensional representation for proactive control or prevention of occurrence of undesired event in the defined area.1. A method for abnormality detection within a defined physical area, comprising:
obtaining, by a processor, a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image capture devices; computing, by the processor using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, by the processor using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing by the processor using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, by the processor using the trained neural network, a localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing, by the processor, an action associated with the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more types of products from an inference include a mean vector and a standard deviation vector, and the method further comprises comparing, by the processor, the mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of the corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising deriving, by the processor using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising applying, by the processor, backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an alert together with visual information, to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the defined area, wherein the alert is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to indicate the abnormality located in the first location within the defined area, and wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the alert, and wherein the alert together with visual information is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an instruction to a medical equipment present in the first location of the defined area to stop an action or malfunction of the medical equipment, wherein the instruction is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to prevent the occurrence of the undesired event in the defined area, and wherein the instruction is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising communicating, by the processor, visual information along with the instruction to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the first location or within a specified distance from the first location in the defined area, wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the communicated instruction. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising obtaining, by the processor, a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising generating, by the processor using the neural network, a temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on a localized portion across at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal two-dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising locating, by the processor using a recurrent neural network component of the neural network, a specific area at a given location within the defined area as a point of the abnormality, based on the generated temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on the localized portion that corresponds to the specific area at the given location. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising executing, by the processor, an unsupervised or a semi-supervised training of an neural network using training data of images of the defined area to obtain the trained neural network. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trained neural network is an attention-based variational autoencoder, and wherein the defined area is a hospital environment. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising identifying, by the processor using the trained neural network, an abnormality in a medical scan image obtained from a medical imaging device of a plurality of medical imaging devices that are communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the trained neural network is further trained using a plurality of medical scan images obtained previously from the plurality of medical imaging devices. 14. A system for abnormality detection within a defined area, the system comprising:
a server that includes a processor configured to:
obtain a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image-capture devices;
compute, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area;
determine, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images ;
compute, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold;
generate, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and
execute an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the one or more types of products from the inference include a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector and the processor is further configured to compare the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of a corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to derive, using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from the reference mean vector and the reference standard deviation vector. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to apply backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 18. The system according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to generate, using the neural network, a temporal dimensional representation on a localized portion of at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer implemented instructions that when executed by a computer causes the computer to execute operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining a plurality of images of the defined physical area from one or more image-capture devices; computing, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference of each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. | 2,600 |
343,556 | 16,802,962 | 2,666 | Abnormality detection within a defined area includes obtaining a plurality of images of the defined area from image-capture devices. An extent of deviation of one or more types of products from an inference of each of the plurality of images is determined using a trained neural network. A localized dimensional representation is generated in a portion of an input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on gradients computed from the determined extent of deviation. The generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area. An action associated with the first location is executed based on the generated dimensional representation for proactive control or prevention of occurrence of undesired event in the defined area. | 1. A method for abnormality detection within a defined physical area, comprising:
obtaining, by a processor, a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image capture devices; computing, by the processor using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, by the processor using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing by the processor using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, by the processor using the trained neural network, a localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing, by the processor, an action associated with the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more types of products from an inference include a mean vector and a standard deviation vector, and the method further comprises comparing, by the processor, the mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of the corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising deriving, by the processor using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising applying, by the processor, backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an alert together with visual information, to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the defined area, wherein the alert is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to indicate the abnormality located in the first location within the defined area, and wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the alert, and wherein the alert together with visual information is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an instruction to a medical equipment present in the first location of the defined area to stop an action or malfunction of the medical equipment, wherein the instruction is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to prevent the occurrence of the undesired event in the defined area, and wherein the instruction is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising communicating, by the processor, visual information along with the instruction to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the first location or within a specified distance from the first location in the defined area, wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the communicated instruction. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising obtaining, by the processor, a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising generating, by the processor using the neural network, a temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on a localized portion across at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal two-dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising locating, by the processor using a recurrent neural network component of the neural network, a specific area at a given location within the defined area as a point of the abnormality, based on the generated temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on the localized portion that corresponds to the specific area at the given location. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising executing, by the processor, an unsupervised or a semi-supervised training of an neural network using training data of images of the defined area to obtain the trained neural network. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trained neural network is an attention-based variational autoencoder, and wherein the defined area is a hospital environment. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising identifying, by the processor using the trained neural network, an abnormality in a medical scan image obtained from a medical imaging device of a plurality of medical imaging devices that are communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the trained neural network is further trained using a plurality of medical scan images obtained previously from the plurality of medical imaging devices. 14. A system for abnormality detection within a defined area, the system comprising:
a server that includes a processor configured to:
obtain a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image-capture devices;
compute, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area;
determine, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images ;
compute, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold;
generate, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and
execute an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the one or more types of products from the inference include a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector and the processor is further configured to compare the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of a corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to derive, using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from the reference mean vector and the reference standard deviation vector. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to apply backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 18. The system according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to generate, using the neural network, a temporal dimensional representation on a localized portion of at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer implemented instructions that when executed by a computer causes the computer to execute operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining a plurality of images of the defined physical area from one or more image-capture devices; computing, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference of each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. | Abnormality detection within a defined area includes obtaining a plurality of images of the defined area from image-capture devices. An extent of deviation of one or more types of products from an inference of each of the plurality of images is determined using a trained neural network. A localized dimensional representation is generated in a portion of an input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on gradients computed from the determined extent of deviation. The generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area. An action associated with the first location is executed based on the generated dimensional representation for proactive control or prevention of occurrence of undesired event in the defined area.1. A method for abnormality detection within a defined physical area, comprising:
obtaining, by a processor, a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image capture devices; computing, by the processor using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, by the processor using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing by the processor using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, by the processor using the trained neural network, a localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing, by the processor, an action associated with the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more types of products from an inference include a mean vector and a standard deviation vector, and the method further comprises comparing, by the processor, the mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of the corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising deriving, by the processor using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising applying, by the processor, backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an alert together with visual information, to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the defined area, wherein the alert is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to indicate the abnormality located in the first location within the defined area, and wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the alert, and wherein the alert together with visual information is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating, by the processor, an instruction to a medical equipment present in the first location of the defined area to stop an action or malfunction of the medical equipment, wherein the instruction is communicated based on the generated localized two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation to prevent the occurrence of the undesired event in the defined area, and wherein the instruction is communicated as a part of the action associated the first location in the defined area. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising communicating, by the processor, visual information along with the instruction to a specified electronic device mapped to a user present in the first location or within a specified distance from the first location in the defined area, wherein the visual information is a visual explanation indicative of a reason of the communicated instruction. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising obtaining, by the processor, a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising generating, by the processor using the neural network, a temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on a localized portion across at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal two-dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising locating, by the processor using a recurrent neural network component of the neural network, a specific area at a given location within the defined area as a point of the abnormality, based on the generated temporal two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation on the localized portion that corresponds to the specific area at the given location. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising executing, by the processor, an unsupervised or a semi-supervised training of an neural network using training data of images of the defined area to obtain the trained neural network. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trained neural network is an attention-based variational autoencoder, and wherein the defined area is a hospital environment. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising identifying, by the processor using the trained neural network, an abnormality in a medical scan image obtained from a medical imaging device of a plurality of medical imaging devices that are communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the trained neural network is further trained using a plurality of medical scan images obtained previously from the plurality of medical imaging devices. 14. A system for abnormality detection within a defined area, the system comprising:
a server that includes a processor configured to:
obtain a plurality of images of the defined area from one or more image-capture devices;
compute, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference with each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area;
determine, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images ;
compute, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold;
generate, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and
execute an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the one or more types of products from the inference include a computed mean vector and a standard deviation vector and the processor is further configured to compare the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of each input image of the plurality of images with a reference mean vector and a reference standard deviation vector of a corresponding reference image to determine the extent of deviation. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to derive, using the trained neural network, resultant vectors for the at least one input image of the plurality of images, wherein the resultant vectors are derived from a difference of the computed mean vector and the standard deviation vector of the at least one input image from the reference mean vector and the reference standard deviation vector. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to apply backpropagation by use of the resultant vectors in the trained neural network to compute the gradients. 18. The system according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a sequence of image frames of the defined area from the one or more image-capture devices. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to generate, using the neural network, a temporal dimensional representation on a localized portion of at least a segment of the sequence of image frames, wherein the generated temporal dimensional representation provides a real time or a near-real time visual indication of an abnormality over a period of time in the localized portion across at least the segment of the sequence of image frames. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer implemented instructions that when executed by a computer causes the computer to execute operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining a plurality of images of the defined physical area from one or more image-capture devices; computing, using a trained neural network, one or more types of products from an inference of each input image of the plurality of images, wherein the plurality of images are associated with a plurality of different locations in the defined area; determining, using the trained neural network, an extent of deviation of properties of a probability distribution of each input image of the plurality of images with respect to a referential probability distribution of one or more reference images; computing, using the trained neural network, gradients associated with the trained neural network based on at least the determined extent of deviation for at least one input image of the plurality of images when the determined extent of deviation for the at least one input image is greater than a defined threshold; generating, using the trained neural network, a localized dimensional representation in a portion of the at least one input image associated with a first location of the plurality of locations, based on the computed gradients, wherein the generated localized two-dimensional representation provides a visual indication of an abnormality located in the first location within the defined area; and executing an action associated the first location in the defined area based on the generated localized dimensional representation, wherein the executed action is configured to cause a proactive control or prevention of an occurrence of an undesired event in the defined area. | 2,600 |
343,557 | 16,802,997 | 3,723 | A mascara brush having a centre made of at least two wire sections twisted together along a longitudinal axis of the wire core, and having a bristle covering made of plastic bristles formed by filaments, each of which bristles is held in a clamping manner between the two wire sections, and which bristles are formed with a wedge-shaped bristle tip or without a wedge-shaped bristle tip on their free ends. At least one portion of the bristles has a bristle coating made of a first softer material, and a bristle core that is joined to the bristle coating and made of a second harder material, and at least these bristles have a transverse cut, in the form of a simple wedge, on one side or on two sides, at least partially on their radially outward free ends, and comprise a wedge-shaped bristle tip having at least one cut surface forming a wedge. | 1. A mascara brush, comprising:
an inner core of at least two wire portions twisted together, and a bristle covering of bristles formed by filaments that are each held clamped between the at least two wire portions, the bristles having a wedge-shaped pointed portion at their free ends, and the bristles having a bristle jacket formed of a first, softer material and a bristle core, which is connected to the bristle jacket, formed of a second, harder material. 2. A mascara brush, comprising:
an inner core of at least two wire portions twisted together along a longitudinal wire core axis (LD); and a bristle covering of bristles of plastic formed by filaments that are each held clamped between the at least two wire portions and that are configured at their free ends with a wedge-shaped or without a wedge-shaped bristle tip, wherein at least a part of the bristles has a bristle jacket formed of a first, softer material and a bristle core, which is connected to the bristle jacket, formed of a second, harder material, and these bristles, at least partially, have at their radially outward free ends a unilateral or bilateral oblique cut like a simple wedge, and comprise a wedge-shaped bristle tip with at least one cut face forming a wedge. 3. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the first material and the second material are each a thermoplastic plastic. 4. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the two materials are firmly bonded to each other by co-extrusion of a continuous thread, and the filaments are sections of one or more of such continuous threads. 5. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped pointed portion consists of two chisel faces or cut faces that extend obliquely to a longitudinal bristle axis (L), and are inclined relative to one another and intersect at a distal end of the filament. 6. The mascara brush according to claim 5, wherein the chisel faces or cut faces are substantially planar in themselves and two chisel faces or cut faces that are opposite to each other at the same bristle end are substantially of the same size. 7. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped pointed portion or a cut face has a surface roughness (Rz) of between 0.2 μm and 6.3 μm. 8. The mascara brush according to claim 5, wherein a surface roughness of the chisel faces or cut faces is greater than a surface roughness of a non-beveled shaft region of the bristle or filament. 9. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the second material has an E modulus of 1300 N/mm2, the E modulus not exceeding 2700 N/mm2. 10. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the first material has a Shore D hardness of 80. 11. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the filaments is ≥115 μm. 12. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein a wall thickness of the bristle jacket measured in a radial direction is between 15 μm and 100 μm. 13. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the bristle covering consists of bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion and of further bristles or filaments without a wedge-shaped pointed portion, and the bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion form a plurality of sectors of the bristle covering and the further filaments form a plurality of further sectors, the sectors and the further sectors following each other alternately in a circumferential direction. 14. The mascara brush according to claim 2, wherein the bristle covering has a plurality of areas, sectors or zones, which are orientated to extend, in a circumferential direction of the bristle covering, transversely to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in the circumferential direction of the bristle covering, spiral-shaped to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in a longitudinal direction of the bristle covering, alongside of the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), and which respectively comprise at least one bristle row consisting of a plurality of adjacent bristles that each have an identically configured bristle tip, or are formed by such a bristle row, and which, in the circumferential direction and/or in the longitudinal direction of the bristle covering, are respectively disposed adjacent to one area or sector or zone which comprises a plurality of bristles each having a differently configured bristle tip. 15. The mascara brush according to claim 2, wherein the bristle covering has a plurality of areas, sectors or zones, which are orientated to extend, in a circumferential direction of the bristle covering, transversely to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in the circumferential direction of the bristle covering, spiral-shaped to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in a longitudinal direction of the bristle covering, alongside of the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), and which respectively comprise at least one bristle row which consists of a plurality of adjacent bristles and whose adjacent bristles each have a differently configured bristle tip. 16. The mascara brush according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of areas, sectors or zones, in the circumferential direction, transversely or longitudinally to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), sweep over a circumference or a partial area of the circumference of the bristle covering once. 17. The mascara brush according to claim 13, wherein the bristles or filaments with the wedge-shaped pointed portion are disposed in such a way, in the bristle covering that otherwise consists of further bristles or filaments, that the bristles or filaments with the wedge-shaped pointed portion form a track extending in a spiral shape on a circumferential enveloping surface of the bristle covering. 18. The mascara brush according to claim 13, wherein the further bristles or filaments are made of the same material as the bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion. 19. The mascara brush according to claim 17, wherein chisel faces of the bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion, neglecting their wedge angle, are orientated perpendicularly to an imaginary longitudinal axis of the spiral-shaped track. 20. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the bristles is produced by co-extrusion from a first plastic material and a second plastic material different from the first plastic material, wherein the two plastic materials differ with regard to a modulus of elasticity and/or a Shore D hardness, and wherein the first plastic material has a Shore D hardness ≤80 and/or the second plastic material has a modulus of elasticity of at least 1300 N/mm2, and
after a grinding process of the areas respectively consisting of one of the first and second plastic materials, namely the bristle core and the bristle jacket, with one and the same grinding disk, which is carried out for producing the respective cut face, different roughnesses are produced in an area of the bristle core and in an area of the bristle jacket that respectively have a surface roughness (Rz) between 0.2 μm and 6.3 μm. | A mascara brush having a centre made of at least two wire sections twisted together along a longitudinal axis of the wire core, and having a bristle covering made of plastic bristles formed by filaments, each of which bristles is held in a clamping manner between the two wire sections, and which bristles are formed with a wedge-shaped bristle tip or without a wedge-shaped bristle tip on their free ends. At least one portion of the bristles has a bristle coating made of a first softer material, and a bristle core that is joined to the bristle coating and made of a second harder material, and at least these bristles have a transverse cut, in the form of a simple wedge, on one side or on two sides, at least partially on their radially outward free ends, and comprise a wedge-shaped bristle tip having at least one cut surface forming a wedge.1. A mascara brush, comprising:
an inner core of at least two wire portions twisted together, and a bristle covering of bristles formed by filaments that are each held clamped between the at least two wire portions, the bristles having a wedge-shaped pointed portion at their free ends, and the bristles having a bristle jacket formed of a first, softer material and a bristle core, which is connected to the bristle jacket, formed of a second, harder material. 2. A mascara brush, comprising:
an inner core of at least two wire portions twisted together along a longitudinal wire core axis (LD); and a bristle covering of bristles of plastic formed by filaments that are each held clamped between the at least two wire portions and that are configured at their free ends with a wedge-shaped or without a wedge-shaped bristle tip, wherein at least a part of the bristles has a bristle jacket formed of a first, softer material and a bristle core, which is connected to the bristle jacket, formed of a second, harder material, and these bristles, at least partially, have at their radially outward free ends a unilateral or bilateral oblique cut like a simple wedge, and comprise a wedge-shaped bristle tip with at least one cut face forming a wedge. 3. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the first material and the second material are each a thermoplastic plastic. 4. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the two materials are firmly bonded to each other by co-extrusion of a continuous thread, and the filaments are sections of one or more of such continuous threads. 5. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped pointed portion consists of two chisel faces or cut faces that extend obliquely to a longitudinal bristle axis (L), and are inclined relative to one another and intersect at a distal end of the filament. 6. The mascara brush according to claim 5, wherein the chisel faces or cut faces are substantially planar in themselves and two chisel faces or cut faces that are opposite to each other at the same bristle end are substantially of the same size. 7. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped pointed portion or a cut face has a surface roughness (Rz) of between 0.2 μm and 6.3 μm. 8. The mascara brush according to claim 5, wherein a surface roughness of the chisel faces or cut faces is greater than a surface roughness of a non-beveled shaft region of the bristle or filament. 9. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the second material has an E modulus of 1300 N/mm2, the E modulus not exceeding 2700 N/mm2. 10. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the first material has a Shore D hardness of 80. 11. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the filaments is ≥115 μm. 12. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein a wall thickness of the bristle jacket measured in a radial direction is between 15 μm and 100 μm. 13. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein the bristle covering consists of bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion and of further bristles or filaments without a wedge-shaped pointed portion, and the bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion form a plurality of sectors of the bristle covering and the further filaments form a plurality of further sectors, the sectors and the further sectors following each other alternately in a circumferential direction. 14. The mascara brush according to claim 2, wherein the bristle covering has a plurality of areas, sectors or zones, which are orientated to extend, in a circumferential direction of the bristle covering, transversely to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in the circumferential direction of the bristle covering, spiral-shaped to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in a longitudinal direction of the bristle covering, alongside of the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), and which respectively comprise at least one bristle row consisting of a plurality of adjacent bristles that each have an identically configured bristle tip, or are formed by such a bristle row, and which, in the circumferential direction and/or in the longitudinal direction of the bristle covering, are respectively disposed adjacent to one area or sector or zone which comprises a plurality of bristles each having a differently configured bristle tip. 15. The mascara brush according to claim 2, wherein the bristle covering has a plurality of areas, sectors or zones, which are orientated to extend, in a circumferential direction of the bristle covering, transversely to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in the circumferential direction of the bristle covering, spiral-shaped to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), or, in a longitudinal direction of the bristle covering, alongside of the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), and which respectively comprise at least one bristle row which consists of a plurality of adjacent bristles and whose adjacent bristles each have a differently configured bristle tip. 16. The mascara brush according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of areas, sectors or zones, in the circumferential direction, transversely or longitudinally to the longitudinal wire core axis (LD), sweep over a circumference or a partial area of the circumference of the bristle covering once. 17. The mascara brush according to claim 13, wherein the bristles or filaments with the wedge-shaped pointed portion are disposed in such a way, in the bristle covering that otherwise consists of further bristles or filaments, that the bristles or filaments with the wedge-shaped pointed portion form a track extending in a spiral shape on a circumferential enveloping surface of the bristle covering. 18. The mascara brush according to claim 13, wherein the further bristles or filaments are made of the same material as the bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion. 19. The mascara brush according to claim 17, wherein chisel faces of the bristles or filaments with a wedge-shaped pointed portion, neglecting their wedge angle, are orientated perpendicularly to an imaginary longitudinal axis of the spiral-shaped track. 20. The mascara brush according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the bristles is produced by co-extrusion from a first plastic material and a second plastic material different from the first plastic material, wherein the two plastic materials differ with regard to a modulus of elasticity and/or a Shore D hardness, and wherein the first plastic material has a Shore D hardness ≤80 and/or the second plastic material has a modulus of elasticity of at least 1300 N/mm2, and
after a grinding process of the areas respectively consisting of one of the first and second plastic materials, namely the bristle core and the bristle jacket, with one and the same grinding disk, which is carried out for producing the respective cut face, different roughnesses are produced in an area of the bristle core and in an area of the bristle jacket that respectively have a surface roughness (Rz) between 0.2 μm and 6.3 μm. | 3,700 |
343,558 | 16,802,960 | 3,723 | A makeup air unit comprising a housing defining a compartment. The housing further defines at least one exhaust inlet for receiving air from an indoor space into the compartment and at least one exhaust outlet for passing air from the compartment to the atmosphere. The housing further defines at least one intake inlet and at least one intake outlet each extending into the compartment. The exhaust inlet and outlet are fluidly disconnected from the intake inlet and outlet. An air moving device overlies the intake outlet and is configured to transfer air from the compartment through the intake outlet into the work space. A flap switch unit is disposed in the compartment adjacent to the exhaust outlet and is configured to detect a flow of air through the exhaust inlet and to activate the air moving device in response to a detection of the flow of air. | 1. A makeup air unit, comprising:
a housing defining a compartment; the housing further defining at least one exhaust inlet for receiving air from an external source and at least one exhaust outlet each extending into the compartment; the housing further defining at least one intake inlet and at least one intake outlet each extending into the compartment; the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet being fluidly disconnected from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet; an air moving device overlying the at least one intake inlet and configured to transfer air from the compartment through the at least one intake inlet; and a flow detector disposed in the compartment adjacent to the at least one exhaust inlet and configured to detect a flow of air through the at least one exhaust inlet and to activate the air moving device in response to a detection of a flow of air. 2. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the housing has a cuboid shape. 3. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 2, wherein the housing has a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, a right wall, a top wall and a bottom wall, and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are define by the bottom wall. 4. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 2, wherein the at least one exhaust outlet and the at least one intake inlet are defined by the top wall, and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are defined by the bottom wall. 5. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein an exhaust pipe extends between the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet and fluidly disconnects the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet. 6. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 further including at least one adapter overlying at least one of the at least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet, and wherein the at least one adapter is for allowing the least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet to be connected to external pipes. 7. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one exhaust outlet includes a pair of exhaust outlets being spaced from one another. 8. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the flap switch unit includes a container located in the compartment outside of the exhaust pipe and a flap located inside the exhaust pipe. 9. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein a shroud is disposed in the compartment and overlies the intake inlet, and wherein the air moving device is rotatably disposed in the shroud. 10. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the air moving device is a fan. 11. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein a power cable is electrically connected to the air moving device and the flap switch unit, the power cable extends from inside the compartment to outside of the housing, and wherein no other cables extend from inside the compartment to outside of the housing. 12. A makeup air unit for maintaining an air pressure in an indoor space, comprising:
a housing having at least one wall and defining a compartment; the at least one wall of the housing defining at least one exhaust inlet for receiving air from the indoor space into the compartment and at least one exhaust outlet for passing the received air from the compartment into an atmosphere; the at least one wall of the housing further defining at least one intake inlet for passing air from the compartment into the indoor space and at least one intake outlet for receiving air from the atmosphere into the compartment; the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet being fluidly disconnected from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet; a fan overlying the at least one intake inlet in the compartment and configured to transfer air from the compartment through the at least one intake inlet into the indoor space; a flap switch unit disposed in the compartment and configured to detect a flow of air through the at least one exhaust inlet and to activate the fan in response to a detection of a flow of air through the at least one exhaust inlet in order to replenish air in the indoor space after air has passed out of the indoor space through the at least one exhaust inlet in order to maintain air pressure in the indoor space at a predetermined level; a power cable electrically connected to the fan and the flap switch unit, the power cable extending from inside the compartment to outside of the housing, and wherein no other cables extend from inside the compartment to outside of the housing. 13. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12 wherein the housing has a cuboid shape. 14. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the housing has a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, a right wall, a top wall and a bottom wall, and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are define by the bottom wall. 15. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 14, wherein the at least one exhaust outlet and the at least one intake inlet are defined by the top wall and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are defined by the bottom wall. 16. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 15, wherein an exhaust pipe extends between the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet in the compartment and fluidly disconnects the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet. 17. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12 further including at least one adapter overlying at least one of the at least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet, and wherein the at least one adapter is for allowing the least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet to be connected to external pipes. 18. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 7 wherein the at least one exhaust outlet includes a pair of exhaust outlets being spaced from one another. 19. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12 wherein the flap switch unit includes a container located in the compartment outside of the exhaust pipe and a flap located inside the exhaust pipe. 20. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12, wherein a shroud is disposed in the compartment and overlies the intake outlet, and wherein the fan is rotatably disposed in the shroud. | A makeup air unit comprising a housing defining a compartment. The housing further defines at least one exhaust inlet for receiving air from an indoor space into the compartment and at least one exhaust outlet for passing air from the compartment to the atmosphere. The housing further defines at least one intake inlet and at least one intake outlet each extending into the compartment. The exhaust inlet and outlet are fluidly disconnected from the intake inlet and outlet. An air moving device overlies the intake outlet and is configured to transfer air from the compartment through the intake outlet into the work space. A flap switch unit is disposed in the compartment adjacent to the exhaust outlet and is configured to detect a flow of air through the exhaust inlet and to activate the air moving device in response to a detection of the flow of air.1. A makeup air unit, comprising:
a housing defining a compartment; the housing further defining at least one exhaust inlet for receiving air from an external source and at least one exhaust outlet each extending into the compartment; the housing further defining at least one intake inlet and at least one intake outlet each extending into the compartment; the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet being fluidly disconnected from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet; an air moving device overlying the at least one intake inlet and configured to transfer air from the compartment through the at least one intake inlet; and a flow detector disposed in the compartment adjacent to the at least one exhaust inlet and configured to detect a flow of air through the at least one exhaust inlet and to activate the air moving device in response to a detection of a flow of air. 2. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the housing has a cuboid shape. 3. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 2, wherein the housing has a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, a right wall, a top wall and a bottom wall, and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are define by the bottom wall. 4. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 2, wherein the at least one exhaust outlet and the at least one intake inlet are defined by the top wall, and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are defined by the bottom wall. 5. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein an exhaust pipe extends between the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet and fluidly disconnects the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet. 6. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 further including at least one adapter overlying at least one of the at least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet, and wherein the at least one adapter is for allowing the least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet to be connected to external pipes. 7. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one exhaust outlet includes a pair of exhaust outlets being spaced from one another. 8. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the flap switch unit includes a container located in the compartment outside of the exhaust pipe and a flap located inside the exhaust pipe. 9. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein a shroud is disposed in the compartment and overlies the intake inlet, and wherein the air moving device is rotatably disposed in the shroud. 10. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the air moving device is a fan. 11. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein a power cable is electrically connected to the air moving device and the flap switch unit, the power cable extends from inside the compartment to outside of the housing, and wherein no other cables extend from inside the compartment to outside of the housing. 12. A makeup air unit for maintaining an air pressure in an indoor space, comprising:
a housing having at least one wall and defining a compartment; the at least one wall of the housing defining at least one exhaust inlet for receiving air from the indoor space into the compartment and at least one exhaust outlet for passing the received air from the compartment into an atmosphere; the at least one wall of the housing further defining at least one intake inlet for passing air from the compartment into the indoor space and at least one intake outlet for receiving air from the atmosphere into the compartment; the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet being fluidly disconnected from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet; a fan overlying the at least one intake inlet in the compartment and configured to transfer air from the compartment through the at least one intake inlet into the indoor space; a flap switch unit disposed in the compartment and configured to detect a flow of air through the at least one exhaust inlet and to activate the fan in response to a detection of a flow of air through the at least one exhaust inlet in order to replenish air in the indoor space after air has passed out of the indoor space through the at least one exhaust inlet in order to maintain air pressure in the indoor space at a predetermined level; a power cable electrically connected to the fan and the flap switch unit, the power cable extending from inside the compartment to outside of the housing, and wherein no other cables extend from inside the compartment to outside of the housing. 13. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12 wherein the housing has a cuboid shape. 14. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the housing has a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, a right wall, a top wall and a bottom wall, and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are define by the bottom wall. 15. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 14, wherein the at least one exhaust outlet and the at least one intake inlet are defined by the top wall and wherein the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one intake outlet are defined by the bottom wall. 16. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 15, wherein an exhaust pipe extends between the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet in the compartment and fluidly disconnects the at least one exhaust inlet and the at least one exhaust outlet from the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet. 17. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12 further including at least one adapter overlying at least one of the at least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet, and wherein the at least one adapter is for allowing the least one exhaust inlet, the at least one exhaust outlet, the at least one intake inlet and the at least one intake outlet to be connected to external pipes. 18. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 7 wherein the at least one exhaust outlet includes a pair of exhaust outlets being spaced from one another. 19. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12 wherein the flap switch unit includes a container located in the compartment outside of the exhaust pipe and a flap located inside the exhaust pipe. 20. A makeup air unit as set forth in claim 12, wherein a shroud is disposed in the compartment and overlies the intake outlet, and wherein the fan is rotatably disposed in the shroud. | 3,700 |
343,559 | 16,803,004 | 3,723 | Various embodiments are described that relate to a battery. A battery, such as a battery with a common input/output terminal, can be tested. Part of this testing can include charging the battery and discharging the battery. It can be dangerous to switch out an interface between charging and discharging. Therefore, a single interface can be employed that enables the battery to be charged and discarded. With this, the battery can be charged and discharged without the danger of switching the interface. | 1. A method, comprising:
causing a charging, by way of charging hardware, of a unit under test along a hardware connection; and causing a discharging, by way of discharging hardware, of the unit under test along the hardware connection, where the hardware connection remains connected to the unit under test between the charging and the discharging and where the unit under test has a common input/output terminal. 2. The method of claim 1,
where the unit under test is a large format battery that is greater than or equal to about one kilowatt-hour and where the unit under test is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising:
isolating the charging hardware from the discharging hardware by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 4. The method of claim 3, comprising:
managing between the charging and the discharging such that the charging and the discharging do not occur simultaneously, where the management is accomplished, at least in part, by controlling opening and closing of a charge relay and a discharge relay such that the charge relay and discharge relay are not closed at the same time, where the charge relay is part of the charge hardware, and where the discharge relay is part of the discharge hardware. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 6. The method of claim 4, comprising:
reading a setting of a selector switch, where when the setting is charge, the charge relay is closed and the discharge relay is open and where when the setting is discharge, the discharge relay is closed and the charge relay is open. 7. The method of claim 6,
where when the setting is neutral, the charge relay is open and the discharge relay is open. 8. The method of claim 1 comprising:
isolating the charging hardware from the discharging hardware by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising:
managing between the charging and the discharging such that the charging and the discharging do not occur simultaneously, where the management is accomplished, at least in part, by controlling opening and closing of a charge relay and a discharge relay such that the charge relay and discharge relay are not closed at the same time, where the charge relay is part of the charge hardware, and where the discharge relay is part of the discharge hardware. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
reading a setting of a selector switch, where when the setting is charge, the charge relay is closed and the discharge relay is open and where when the setting is discharge, the discharge relay is closed and the charge relay is open. 11. The method of claim 10,
where when the setting is neutral, the charge relay is open and the discharge relay is open. 12. The method of claim 1, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 13. The method of claim 1, comprising:
managing between the charging and the discharging such that the charging and the discharging do not occur simultaneously, where the management is accomplished, at least in part, by controlling opening and closing of a charge relay and a discharge relay such that the charge relay and discharge relay are not closed at the same time, where the charge relay is part of the charge hardware, and where the discharge relay is part of the discharge hardware. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising:
reading a setting of a selector switch, where when the setting is charge, the charge relay is closed and the discharge relay is open and where when the setting is discharge, the discharge relay is closed and the charge relay is open. 15. The method of claim 14,
where when the setting is neutral, the charge relay is open and the discharge relay is open. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 17. The method of claim 2, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 18. The method of claim 3, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 19. A system, comprising:
a charge hardware configured to charge a unit under test along a hardware connection; and a discharge component configured to discharge the unit under test along the hardware connection, where the hardware connection remains connected to the unit under test between the charging and the discharging and where the unit under test has a common input/output terminal. 20. A system, comprising:
a hardware connection configured to connect to a unit under test; a charge hardware configured to charge the unit under test along the hardware connection; and a discharge component configured to discharge the unit under test along the hardware connection, where the hardware connection remains connected to the unit under test between the charging and the discharging and where the unit under test has a common input/output terminal that engages the hardware connection. | Various embodiments are described that relate to a battery. A battery, such as a battery with a common input/output terminal, can be tested. Part of this testing can include charging the battery and discharging the battery. It can be dangerous to switch out an interface between charging and discharging. Therefore, a single interface can be employed that enables the battery to be charged and discarded. With this, the battery can be charged and discharged without the danger of switching the interface.1. A method, comprising:
causing a charging, by way of charging hardware, of a unit under test along a hardware connection; and causing a discharging, by way of discharging hardware, of the unit under test along the hardware connection, where the hardware connection remains connected to the unit under test between the charging and the discharging and where the unit under test has a common input/output terminal. 2. The method of claim 1,
where the unit under test is a large format battery that is greater than or equal to about one kilowatt-hour and where the unit under test is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising:
isolating the charging hardware from the discharging hardware by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 4. The method of claim 3, comprising:
managing between the charging and the discharging such that the charging and the discharging do not occur simultaneously, where the management is accomplished, at least in part, by controlling opening and closing of a charge relay and a discharge relay such that the charge relay and discharge relay are not closed at the same time, where the charge relay is part of the charge hardware, and where the discharge relay is part of the discharge hardware. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 6. The method of claim 4, comprising:
reading a setting of a selector switch, where when the setting is charge, the charge relay is closed and the discharge relay is open and where when the setting is discharge, the discharge relay is closed and the charge relay is open. 7. The method of claim 6,
where when the setting is neutral, the charge relay is open and the discharge relay is open. 8. The method of claim 1 comprising:
isolating the charging hardware from the discharging hardware by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising:
managing between the charging and the discharging such that the charging and the discharging do not occur simultaneously, where the management is accomplished, at least in part, by controlling opening and closing of a charge relay and a discharge relay such that the charge relay and discharge relay are not closed at the same time, where the charge relay is part of the charge hardware, and where the discharge relay is part of the discharge hardware. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
reading a setting of a selector switch, where when the setting is charge, the charge relay is closed and the discharge relay is open and where when the setting is discharge, the discharge relay is closed and the charge relay is open. 11. The method of claim 10,
where when the setting is neutral, the charge relay is open and the discharge relay is open. 12. The method of claim 1, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 13. The method of claim 1, comprising:
managing between the charging and the discharging such that the charging and the discharging do not occur simultaneously, where the management is accomplished, at least in part, by controlling opening and closing of a charge relay and a discharge relay such that the charge relay and discharge relay are not closed at the same time, where the charge relay is part of the charge hardware, and where the discharge relay is part of the discharge hardware. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising:
reading a setting of a selector switch, where when the setting is charge, the charge relay is closed and the discharge relay is open and where when the setting is discharge, the discharge relay is closed and the charge relay is open. 15. The method of claim 14,
where when the setting is neutral, the charge relay is open and the discharge relay is open. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 17. The method of claim 2, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 18. The method of claim 3, comprising:
monitoring the unit under test to produce a monitor result; and interrupting a power in response to the monitor result indicating that a safety fail condition is met, where interrupting the power stops the unit under test from being charged or discharged. 19. A system, comprising:
a charge hardware configured to charge a unit under test along a hardware connection; and a discharge component configured to discharge the unit under test along the hardware connection, where the hardware connection remains connected to the unit under test between the charging and the discharging and where the unit under test has a common input/output terminal. 20. A system, comprising:
a hardware connection configured to connect to a unit under test; a charge hardware configured to charge the unit under test along the hardware connection; and a discharge component configured to discharge the unit under test along the hardware connection, where the hardware connection remains connected to the unit under test between the charging and the discharging and where the unit under test has a common input/output terminal that engages the hardware connection. | 3,700 |
343,560 | 16,802,995 | 3,723 | Transportation systems have artificial intelligence including neural networks for recognition and classification of objects and behavior including natural language processing and computer vision systems. The transportation systems involve sets of complex chemical processes, mechanical systems, and interactions with behaviors of operators. System-level interactions and behaviors are classified, predicted and optimized using neural networks and other artificial intelligence systems through selective deployment, as well as hybrids and combinations of the artificial intelligence systems, neural networks, expert systems, cognitive systems, genetic algorithms and deep learning. | 1. A transportation system for negotiation-based vehicle routing comprising:
a route adjustment negotiation system through which users in a set of users negotiate a route-adjustment value for at least one of a plurality of parameters used by a vehicle routing system to route at least one vehicle in a set of vehicles; and a user route optimizing circuit to optimize a portion of a route of at least one user of the set of vehicles based on the route-adjustment value for the at least one of the plurality of parameters. 2. The transportation system of claim 1 wherein the route-adjustment value is based at least in part on user-indicated values and at least one negotiation response thereto by at least one user of the set of vehicles. 3. The transportation system of claim 1 further comprising a vehicle-based route negotiation interface through which user-indicated values for the plurality of parameters used by the vehicle routing system are captured. 4. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein a user is a rider of the at least one vehicle. 5. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein a user is an administrator for a set of roadways to be used by the at least one vehicle in the set of vehicles. 6. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein a user is an administrator for a fleet of vehicles including the set of vehicles. 7. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the at least one of the plurality of parameters facilitates adjusting a route of the at least one vehicle. 8. The transportation system of claim 7 wherein adjusting the route includes prioritizing a determined parameter for use by the vehicle routing system. 9. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein at least one of the user-indicated values is attributed to at least one of the plurality of parameters through an interface to facilitate expression of rating one or more route parameters. 10. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the vehicle-based route negotiation interface facilitates expression of rating one or more route parameters. 11. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the user-indicated values are derived from a behavior of the user. 12. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the vehicle-based route negotiation interface facilitates converting user behavior to the user-indicated values. 13. The transportation system of claim 12 wherein the user behavior reflects value ascribed to the at least one parameter used by the vehicle routing system to influence a route of at least one vehicle in the set of vehicles. 14. The transportation system of claim 12 wherein the user-indicated value indicated by at least one user correlates to an item of value provided by the user. 15. The transportation system of claim 14 wherein the item of value is provided by the user through an offering of the item of value in exchange for a result of routing based on the at least one parameter. 16. The transportation system of claim 1 wherein the negotiating of the route-adjustment value includes offering an item of value to the users of the set of vehicles. | Transportation systems have artificial intelligence including neural networks for recognition and classification of objects and behavior including natural language processing and computer vision systems. The transportation systems involve sets of complex chemical processes, mechanical systems, and interactions with behaviors of operators. System-level interactions and behaviors are classified, predicted and optimized using neural networks and other artificial intelligence systems through selective deployment, as well as hybrids and combinations of the artificial intelligence systems, neural networks, expert systems, cognitive systems, genetic algorithms and deep learning.1. A transportation system for negotiation-based vehicle routing comprising:
a route adjustment negotiation system through which users in a set of users negotiate a route-adjustment value for at least one of a plurality of parameters used by a vehicle routing system to route at least one vehicle in a set of vehicles; and a user route optimizing circuit to optimize a portion of a route of at least one user of the set of vehicles based on the route-adjustment value for the at least one of the plurality of parameters. 2. The transportation system of claim 1 wherein the route-adjustment value is based at least in part on user-indicated values and at least one negotiation response thereto by at least one user of the set of vehicles. 3. The transportation system of claim 1 further comprising a vehicle-based route negotiation interface through which user-indicated values for the plurality of parameters used by the vehicle routing system are captured. 4. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein a user is a rider of the at least one vehicle. 5. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein a user is an administrator for a set of roadways to be used by the at least one vehicle in the set of vehicles. 6. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein a user is an administrator for a fleet of vehicles including the set of vehicles. 7. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the at least one of the plurality of parameters facilitates adjusting a route of the at least one vehicle. 8. The transportation system of claim 7 wherein adjusting the route includes prioritizing a determined parameter for use by the vehicle routing system. 9. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein at least one of the user-indicated values is attributed to at least one of the plurality of parameters through an interface to facilitate expression of rating one or more route parameters. 10. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the vehicle-based route negotiation interface facilitates expression of rating one or more route parameters. 11. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the user-indicated values are derived from a behavior of the user. 12. The transportation system of claim 3 wherein the vehicle-based route negotiation interface facilitates converting user behavior to the user-indicated values. 13. The transportation system of claim 12 wherein the user behavior reflects value ascribed to the at least one parameter used by the vehicle routing system to influence a route of at least one vehicle in the set of vehicles. 14. The transportation system of claim 12 wherein the user-indicated value indicated by at least one user correlates to an item of value provided by the user. 15. The transportation system of claim 14 wherein the item of value is provided by the user through an offering of the item of value in exchange for a result of routing based on the at least one parameter. 16. The transportation system of claim 1 wherein the negotiating of the route-adjustment value includes offering an item of value to the users of the set of vehicles. | 3,700 |
343,561 | 16,803,003 | 3,675 | A multi-point latching device may include a mortise lock and one or more remote latches which are operable with a handle. The mortise lock may include a handle lock which selectively locks and unlocks the handle is independently controllable by an actuator and by a lock cylinder. The lock cylinder may be used to unlock the handle during power failure events where the mortise lock is put into a fail secure state, such that the mortise lock maintains normal functionality as a manual device. | 1. A latching device comprising:
a chassis; a latch bolt configured to move between a latch extended position and a latch retracted position; a handle lock configured to selectively lock a handle in a locked position and unlock a handle in an unlocked position; an electromechanical actuator configured to move the handle lock between the locked and unlocked position; and a lock cylinder configured to receive a key, wherein the lock cylinder is further configured to rotate, wherein when the lock cylinder is rotated in a first direction the latch bolt is moved from the latch extended position to the latch retracted position, and the handle lock is moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. 2. The latching device of claim 1, further comprising a deadbolt configured to move between a deadbolt extended position and a deadbolt retracted position, wherein when the lock cylinder is rotated in the first direction the deadbolt is moved from the deadbolt extended position to the deadbolt retracted position. 3. The latching device of claim 2, wherein when the lock cylinder is rotated in the first direction the deadbolt is first moved to the deadbolt retracted position first and then latch bolt is moved to the latch retracted position. 4. The latching device of claim 2, wherein in a first rotation of the lock cylinder in the first direction the deadbolt is first moved to the deadbolt retracted position first and in a second rotation of the lock cylinder in the first direction the latch bolt is moved to the latch retracted position. 5. The latching device of claim 4, wherein the first rotation is a 360 degree rotation. 6. The latching device of claim 4, wherein the second rotation is less than 360 degrees. 7. The latching device of claim 1, wherein the motor is powered by at least one capacitor. 8. The latching device of claim 1, wherein the handle locked is biased toward the locked position, wherein the lock cylinder is configured to be held by an operator to retain the handle lock in the unlocked position. 9. The latching device of claim 1, wherein the lock cylinder and actuator are independently operable to move the handle lock from the locked position to the unlocked position. 10. The latching device of claim 1, further comprising a handle and at least one rod actuated latch coupled to the handle, wherein when the handle is rotated the at least one rod actuated latch moves from a rod actuated extended position to a rod actuated retracted position, and wherein the handle lock is configured to prevent rotation of the handle in the locked position and permit rotation of the handle in the unlocked position. 11. A method of operating a multi-point latching device, the method comprising:
moving a handle lock between a locked position and an unlocked position with an electromechanical actuator; rotating a lock cylinder in a first direction to move a latch bolt from a latch extended position to a latch retracted position; and rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the handle lock from a locked position to an unlocked position. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move a deadbolt from an extended deadbolt position to a retracted deadbolt position. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the deadbolt from an extended deadbolt position to a retracted deadbolt position is performed before rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the latch bolt from the latch extended position to the latch retracted position. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein rotating a lock cylinder in the first direction to move the latch bolt to the latch retracted position and rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the handle lock to the unlocked position occur simultaneously. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising powering the actuator with a capacitor. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising keeping the actuator stationary while the lock cylinder is rotated to move the handle lock from the locked position to the unlocked position. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising holding the lock cylinder in a stationary position when the handle lock is in the unlocked position. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein holding the lock cylinder in a stationary position when the handle lock is in the unlocked includes resisting a biasing force urging the handle lock to the locked position. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising turning a handle to retract at least one cassette actuated latch. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein turning the handle retracts a transom latch and a bottom latch. | A multi-point latching device may include a mortise lock and one or more remote latches which are operable with a handle. The mortise lock may include a handle lock which selectively locks and unlocks the handle is independently controllable by an actuator and by a lock cylinder. The lock cylinder may be used to unlock the handle during power failure events where the mortise lock is put into a fail secure state, such that the mortise lock maintains normal functionality as a manual device.1. A latching device comprising:
a chassis; a latch bolt configured to move between a latch extended position and a latch retracted position; a handle lock configured to selectively lock a handle in a locked position and unlock a handle in an unlocked position; an electromechanical actuator configured to move the handle lock between the locked and unlocked position; and a lock cylinder configured to receive a key, wherein the lock cylinder is further configured to rotate, wherein when the lock cylinder is rotated in a first direction the latch bolt is moved from the latch extended position to the latch retracted position, and the handle lock is moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. 2. The latching device of claim 1, further comprising a deadbolt configured to move between a deadbolt extended position and a deadbolt retracted position, wherein when the lock cylinder is rotated in the first direction the deadbolt is moved from the deadbolt extended position to the deadbolt retracted position. 3. The latching device of claim 2, wherein when the lock cylinder is rotated in the first direction the deadbolt is first moved to the deadbolt retracted position first and then latch bolt is moved to the latch retracted position. 4. The latching device of claim 2, wherein in a first rotation of the lock cylinder in the first direction the deadbolt is first moved to the deadbolt retracted position first and in a second rotation of the lock cylinder in the first direction the latch bolt is moved to the latch retracted position. 5. The latching device of claim 4, wherein the first rotation is a 360 degree rotation. 6. The latching device of claim 4, wherein the second rotation is less than 360 degrees. 7. The latching device of claim 1, wherein the motor is powered by at least one capacitor. 8. The latching device of claim 1, wherein the handle locked is biased toward the locked position, wherein the lock cylinder is configured to be held by an operator to retain the handle lock in the unlocked position. 9. The latching device of claim 1, wherein the lock cylinder and actuator are independently operable to move the handle lock from the locked position to the unlocked position. 10. The latching device of claim 1, further comprising a handle and at least one rod actuated latch coupled to the handle, wherein when the handle is rotated the at least one rod actuated latch moves from a rod actuated extended position to a rod actuated retracted position, and wherein the handle lock is configured to prevent rotation of the handle in the locked position and permit rotation of the handle in the unlocked position. 11. A method of operating a multi-point latching device, the method comprising:
moving a handle lock between a locked position and an unlocked position with an electromechanical actuator; rotating a lock cylinder in a first direction to move a latch bolt from a latch extended position to a latch retracted position; and rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the handle lock from a locked position to an unlocked position. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move a deadbolt from an extended deadbolt position to a retracted deadbolt position. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the deadbolt from an extended deadbolt position to a retracted deadbolt position is performed before rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the latch bolt from the latch extended position to the latch retracted position. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein rotating a lock cylinder in the first direction to move the latch bolt to the latch retracted position and rotating the lock cylinder in the first direction to move the handle lock to the unlocked position occur simultaneously. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising powering the actuator with a capacitor. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising keeping the actuator stationary while the lock cylinder is rotated to move the handle lock from the locked position to the unlocked position. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising holding the lock cylinder in a stationary position when the handle lock is in the unlocked position. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein holding the lock cylinder in a stationary position when the handle lock is in the unlocked includes resisting a biasing force urging the handle lock to the locked position. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising turning a handle to retract at least one cassette actuated latch. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein turning the handle retracts a transom latch and a bottom latch. | 3,600 |
343,562 | 16,802,999 | 3,675 | A massager includes an arm treatment portion which administers treatment on an arm of a treated person and an accommodation portion capable of accommodating a portable electronic terminal. The arm treatment portion includes a recessed portion which accommodates a forearm and a hand of the treated person. The accommodation portion is provided in a front part of the recessed portion. | 1. A massager comprising:
a treatment portion which administers treatment on an arm of a treated person; and an accommodation portion capable of accommodating a portable electronic terminal, wherein the arm treatment portion includes a recessed portion which accommodates a forearm and a hand of the treated person, and the accommodation portion is provided in a front part of the recessed portion. 2. The massager according to claim 1,
wherein the accommodation portion is provided in a region that does not overlap with a treatment region of the arm treatment portion either in a left-right direction or in an up-down direction. 3. The massager according to claim 1,
wherein the recessed portion accommodates a left forearm and a left hand of the treated person. 4. The massager according to claim 2,
wherein the recessed portion accommodates a left forearm and a left hand of the treated person. 5. The massager according to claim 1,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in a left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 6. The massager according to claim 2,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in the left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 7. The massager according to claim 3,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in a left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 8. The massager according to claim 4,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in the left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 9. The massager according to claim 5,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is more away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. 10. The massager according to claim 6,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is farther away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. 11. The massager according to claim 7,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is farther away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. 12. The massager according to claim 8,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is farther away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. | A massager includes an arm treatment portion which administers treatment on an arm of a treated person and an accommodation portion capable of accommodating a portable electronic terminal. The arm treatment portion includes a recessed portion which accommodates a forearm and a hand of the treated person. The accommodation portion is provided in a front part of the recessed portion.1. A massager comprising:
a treatment portion which administers treatment on an arm of a treated person; and an accommodation portion capable of accommodating a portable electronic terminal, wherein the arm treatment portion includes a recessed portion which accommodates a forearm and a hand of the treated person, and the accommodation portion is provided in a front part of the recessed portion. 2. The massager according to claim 1,
wherein the accommodation portion is provided in a region that does not overlap with a treatment region of the arm treatment portion either in a left-right direction or in an up-down direction. 3. The massager according to claim 1,
wherein the recessed portion accommodates a left forearm and a left hand of the treated person. 4. The massager according to claim 2,
wherein the recessed portion accommodates a left forearm and a left hand of the treated person. 5. The massager according to claim 1,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in a left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 6. The massager according to claim 2,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in the left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 7. The massager according to claim 3,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in a left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 8. The massager according to claim 4,
wherein in a case where an arm of the treated person is located outside a body of the treated person, the accommodation portion is provided, in the left-right direction, closer to an inside of the treated person than a left-right center of the recessed portion. 9. The massager according to claim 5,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is more away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. 10. The massager according to claim 6,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is farther away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. 11. The massager according to claim 7,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is farther away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. 12. The massager according to claim 8,
wherein when the portable electronic terminal is accommodated in the accommodation portion, the portable electronic terminal is positioned such that part thereof closer to a front is farther away from the left-right center of the recessed portion. | 3,600 |
343,563 | 16,802,977 | 3,675 | Embodiments of the present invention provide an exchange method, including: receiving M bytes through a first interface; encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, where M and L are integers greater than or equal to 1, and L is less than M; exchanging the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface; decapsulating the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes; and sending the L decapsulated bytes through the second interface. | 1. An exchange method, comprising:
receiving M bytes through a first interface; encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, wherein M and L are integers greater than or equal to 1, and L is less than M; exchanging the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface; decapsulating the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes; and sending the L decapsulated bytes through the second interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, the method further comprises:
receiving, through the first interface, M bits corresponding to the M bytes, wherein each of the M bits indicates a status of a corresponding byte; and wherein the encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes comprises:
encapsulating the L bytes of the M bytes based on the M bits corresponding to the M bytes, to obtain the L encapsulated bytes. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first interface is a first media independent interface, the first media independent interface comprises one receive control signal and S receive data signals, and S is an integer greater than 1;
wherein the receiving M bytes through a first interface comprises:
receiving the M bytes by using the S receive data signals; and
wherein the receiving, through the first interface, M bits corresponding to the M bytes comprises:
receiving, by using the one receive control signal, the M bits corresponding to the M bytes. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the receiving the M bytes by using the S receive data signals comprises:
receiving T groups of bytes by using the S receive data signals, wherein T is an integer greater than or equal to 1, each group of bytes comprises S bytes, a product of S and T is M, and the T groups of bytes comprise a first group of bytes; and wherein the receiving, by using the one receive control signal, the M bits corresponding to the M bytes comprises:
receiving T groups of bits by using the one receive control signal, wherein each group of bits comprises S bits, each of the T groups of bits corresponds to one of the T groups of bytes, the T groups of bits comprise a first group of bits, and the first group of bits corresponds to the first group of bytes. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes comprises:
determining, based on the first group of bits corresponding to the first group of bytes, that a byte in the first group of bytes is a first type byte or a second type byte; encapsulating L1 first type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L1 encapsulated first type bytes, wherein L1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L1 is less than M; and encapsulating L2 second type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L2 encapsulated second type bytes, wherein L2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L2 is less than M. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the determining, based on the first group of bits corresponding to the first group of bytes, that a byte in the first group of bytes is a first type byte or a second type byte comprises:
if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises S bytes or T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the S bytes or the T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the L1 encapsulated first type bytes comprise at least one of frame header information, frame end information, intra-frame information, and sequence number information, and the L2 encapsulated second type bytes comprise at least one of sequence number information. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the exchanging the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface comprises:
exchanging the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to the second interface by using a first logical exchange plane; and exchanging the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to the second interface by using a second logical exchange plane. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein
the decapsulating the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes comprises:
decapsulating the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to obtain L1 decapsulated first type bytes and encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes, and
decapsulating the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to obtain L2 decapsulated second type bytes and encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes; and
wherein the sending the L decapsulated bytes through the second interface comprises:
sending the L1 decapsulated first type bytes and the L2 decapsulated second type bytes based on the encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes and the encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes through the second interface. 10. An exchange apparatus, comprising:
a first interface circuit, configured to receive M bytes through a first interface, and encapsulate L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, wherein M and L are integers greater than or equal to 1, and L is less than M; an exchange circuit, configured to exchange the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface circuit; and the second interface circuit, configured to decapsulate the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes, and send the L decapsulated bytes through a second interface. 11. The exchange apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first interface circuit is configured to receive the M bytes through the first interface, and receive, through the first interface, M bits corresponding to the M bytes, wherein each of the M bits indicates a status of a corresponding byte; and encapsulate the L bytes of the M bytes based on the M bits corresponding to the M bytes, to obtain the L encapsulated bytes. 12. The exchange apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first interface is a first media independent interface, the first media independent interface comprises one receive control signal and S receive data signals, and S is an integer greater than 1;
the first interface circuit is configured to receive the M bytes by using the S receive data signals; and the first interface circuit is configured to receive, by using the one receive control signal, the M bits corresponding to the M bytes. 13. The exchange apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
the first interface circuit is configured to receive T groups of bytes by using the S receive data signals, wherein T is an integer greater than or equal to 1, each group of bytes comprises S bytes, a product of S and T is M, and the T groups of bytes comprise a first group of bytes; and the first interface circuit is configured to receive T groups of bits by using the one receive control signal, wherein each group of bits comprises S bits, each of the T groups of bits corresponds to one of the T groups of bytes, the T groups of bits comprise a first group of bits, and the first group of bits corresponds to the first group of bytes. 14. The exchange apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the first interface circuit is configured to determine, based on the first group of bits corresponding to the first group of bytes, that a byte in the first group of bytes is a first type byte or a second type byte; encapsulate L1 first type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L1 encapsulated first type bytes, wherein L1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L1 is less than M; and encapsulate L2 second type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L2 encapsulated second type bytes, wherein L2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L2 is less than M. 15. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the first interface circuit is configured to: if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or the first interface circuit is configured to: if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises S bytes or T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the S bytes or the T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or the first interface circuit is configured to: if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte. 16. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the L1 encapsulated first type bytes comprise at least one of frame header information, frame end information, intra-frame information, and sequence number information, and the L2 encapsulated second type bytes comprise at least one of sequence number information. 17. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the exchange circuit is configured to exchange the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to the second interface by using a first logical exchange plane; and exchange the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to the second interface by using a second logical exchange plane. 18. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the second interface circuit is configured to decapsulate the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to obtain L1 decapsulated first type bytes and encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes, and decapsulate the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to obtain L2 decapsulated second type bytes and encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes; and the second interface circuit is configured to send the L1 decapsulated first type bytes and the L2 decapsulated second type bytes based on the encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes and the encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes through the second interface. | Embodiments of the present invention provide an exchange method, including: receiving M bytes through a first interface; encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, where M and L are integers greater than or equal to 1, and L is less than M; exchanging the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface; decapsulating the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes; and sending the L decapsulated bytes through the second interface.1. An exchange method, comprising:
receiving M bytes through a first interface; encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, wherein M and L are integers greater than or equal to 1, and L is less than M; exchanging the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface; decapsulating the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes; and sending the L decapsulated bytes through the second interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, the method further comprises:
receiving, through the first interface, M bits corresponding to the M bytes, wherein each of the M bits indicates a status of a corresponding byte; and wherein the encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes comprises:
encapsulating the L bytes of the M bytes based on the M bits corresponding to the M bytes, to obtain the L encapsulated bytes. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first interface is a first media independent interface, the first media independent interface comprises one receive control signal and S receive data signals, and S is an integer greater than 1;
wherein the receiving M bytes through a first interface comprises:
receiving the M bytes by using the S receive data signals; and
wherein the receiving, through the first interface, M bits corresponding to the M bytes comprises:
receiving, by using the one receive control signal, the M bits corresponding to the M bytes. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the receiving the M bytes by using the S receive data signals comprises:
receiving T groups of bytes by using the S receive data signals, wherein T is an integer greater than or equal to 1, each group of bytes comprises S bytes, a product of S and T is M, and the T groups of bytes comprise a first group of bytes; and wherein the receiving, by using the one receive control signal, the M bits corresponding to the M bytes comprises:
receiving T groups of bits by using the one receive control signal, wherein each group of bits comprises S bits, each of the T groups of bits corresponds to one of the T groups of bytes, the T groups of bits comprise a first group of bits, and the first group of bits corresponds to the first group of bytes. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the encapsulating L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes comprises:
determining, based on the first group of bits corresponding to the first group of bytes, that a byte in the first group of bytes is a first type byte or a second type byte; encapsulating L1 first type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L1 encapsulated first type bytes, wherein L1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L1 is less than M; and encapsulating L2 second type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L2 encapsulated second type bytes, wherein L2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L2 is less than M. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the determining, based on the first group of bits corresponding to the first group of bytes, that a byte in the first group of bytes is a first type byte or a second type byte comprises:
if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises S bytes or T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the S bytes or the T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the T bytes, determining that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the L1 encapsulated first type bytes comprise at least one of frame header information, frame end information, intra-frame information, and sequence number information, and the L2 encapsulated second type bytes comprise at least one of sequence number information. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the exchanging the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface comprises:
exchanging the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to the second interface by using a first logical exchange plane; and exchanging the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to the second interface by using a second logical exchange plane. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein
the decapsulating the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes comprises:
decapsulating the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to obtain L1 decapsulated first type bytes and encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes, and
decapsulating the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to obtain L2 decapsulated second type bytes and encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes; and
wherein the sending the L decapsulated bytes through the second interface comprises:
sending the L1 decapsulated first type bytes and the L2 decapsulated second type bytes based on the encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes and the encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes through the second interface. 10. An exchange apparatus, comprising:
a first interface circuit, configured to receive M bytes through a first interface, and encapsulate L bytes of the M bytes to obtain L encapsulated bytes, wherein M and L are integers greater than or equal to 1, and L is less than M; an exchange circuit, configured to exchange the L encapsulated bytes to a second interface circuit; and the second interface circuit, configured to decapsulate the L encapsulated bytes to obtain L decapsulated bytes, and send the L decapsulated bytes through a second interface. 11. The exchange apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first interface circuit is configured to receive the M bytes through the first interface, and receive, through the first interface, M bits corresponding to the M bytes, wherein each of the M bits indicates a status of a corresponding byte; and encapsulate the L bytes of the M bytes based on the M bits corresponding to the M bytes, to obtain the L encapsulated bytes. 12. The exchange apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first interface is a first media independent interface, the first media independent interface comprises one receive control signal and S receive data signals, and S is an integer greater than 1;
the first interface circuit is configured to receive the M bytes by using the S receive data signals; and the first interface circuit is configured to receive, by using the one receive control signal, the M bits corresponding to the M bytes. 13. The exchange apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
the first interface circuit is configured to receive T groups of bytes by using the S receive data signals, wherein T is an integer greater than or equal to 1, each group of bytes comprises S bytes, a product of S and T is M, and the T groups of bytes comprise a first group of bytes; and the first interface circuit is configured to receive T groups of bits by using the one receive control signal, wherein each group of bits comprises S bits, each of the T groups of bits corresponds to one of the T groups of bytes, the T groups of bits comprise a first group of bits, and the first group of bits corresponds to the first group of bytes. 14. The exchange apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the first interface circuit is configured to determine, based on the first group of bits corresponding to the first group of bytes, that a byte in the first group of bytes is a first type byte or a second type byte; encapsulate L1 first type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L1 encapsulated first type bytes, wherein L1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L1 is less than M; and encapsulate L2 second type bytes of the M bytes to obtain L2 encapsulated second type bytes, wherein L2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and L2 is less than M. 15. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the first interface circuit is configured to: if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or the first interface circuit is configured to: if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises S bytes or T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the S bytes or the T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte; or the first interface circuit is configured to: if all bits in the first group of bits are low-order bits, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes comprises T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the first type byte, and if the first group of bits comprises a high-order bit and if the first group of bytes does not comprise the T bytes, determine that the byte in the first group of bytes is the second type byte. 16. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the L1 encapsulated first type bytes comprise at least one of frame header information, frame end information, intra-frame information, and sequence number information, and the L2 encapsulated second type bytes comprise at least one of sequence number information. 17. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the exchange circuit is configured to exchange the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to the second interface by using a first logical exchange plane; and exchange the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to the second interface by using a second logical exchange plane. 18. The exchange apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the second interface circuit is configured to decapsulate the L1 encapsulated first type bytes to obtain L1 decapsulated first type bytes and encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes, and decapsulate the L2 encapsulated second type bytes to obtain L2 decapsulated second type bytes and encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes; and the second interface circuit is configured to send the L1 decapsulated first type bytes and the L2 decapsulated second type bytes based on the encapsulation information of the L1 first type bytes and the encapsulation information of the L2 second type bytes through the second interface. | 3,600 |
343,564 | 16,802,991 | 3,675 | A stent includes a high radial/crush force segment and a highly flexible segment. In an aspect, a plurality of first ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of first rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having a plurality of apices and troughs, each first ring connected to an adjacent first ring by at least one connector. The connector extends from a ring strut of the first ring from a position near an apex of the first ring to a ring strut of the adjacent first rings near an apex of the adjacent ring, and a second stent segment comprises a plurality of second rings connected to one another to form a series of second rings | 1. A stent, comprising:
an expandable first stent segment having a first stent segment compressed state and a first stent segment expanded state, the expandable first stent segment having a plurality of first rings connected to one another to form a series of said first rings, the first rings comprising a plurality of first ring struts, the first ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the first ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of first rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having first apices and first troughs, the first rings having a first radial force in the first stent segment expanded state; and an expandable second stent segment having a second stent segment compressed state and a second stent segment expanded state, the expandable second stent segment having a plurality of second rings connected to one another to form a series of said second rings, the second rings comprising a plurality of second ring struts, the second ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the second ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of second rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having second apices and second troughs, the second rings having a second radial force in the second stent segment expanded state; wherein the expandable first stent segment is contiguous with and adjacent to the expandable second stent segment; and wherein the first radial force is greater than the second radial force. 2. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first flexibility and the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second flexibility, wherein the first flexibility is less than the second flexibility. 3. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first stiffness and the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second stiffness, wherein the first stiffness is greater than the second stiffness. 4. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first crush resistance and the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second crush resistance, wherein the first crush resistance is greater than the second crush resistance. 5. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment have a common lumen. 6. The stent of claim 1, wherein one of the first rings is connected to one of the second rings by a plurality of flexible bridges extending from the first ring to the second ring. 7. The stent of claim 1, wherein a number of the flexible bridges extending from the first ring to the second ring is less than a number of first apices. 8. The stent of claim 1, further comprising an expandable third stent segment having a third stent segment compressed state and a third stent segment expanded state and having a plurality of third rings connected to one another to form a series of said third rings, the third rings comprising a plurality of third ring struts, the third ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the third ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of third rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having third apices and third troughs, the third rings having a third radial force, the second radial force is greater than the third radial force. 9. The stent of claim 8, wherein one of the second rings is connected to one of the third rings by a plurality of flexible bridges extending from the second ring to the third ring. 10. The stent of claim 9, wherein a number of the flexible bridges extending from the second ring to the third ring is less than a number of second apices. 11. The stent of claim 8, wherein the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment have a common lumen. 12. The stent of claim 8, wherein a radial force of the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state is greater at a region adjacent the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state than at a region adjacent the expandable third stent segment in the third stent segment expanded state. 13. The stent of claim 1, the expandable first stent segment comprising a flare at an end opposite the expandable second stent segment. 14. The stent of claim 1, further comprising at least one reinforcement ring comprising shape memory alloy adjacent one of the first rings such that the at least one reinforcement ring is the end ring of said stent, the at least one reinforcement ring comprising a plurality of reinforcement ring struts connected such that the reinforcement ring comprises a sinusoidal pattern having apices and troughs, the reinforcement ring having a reinforced radial force. 15. The stent of claim 1, further comprising an additional expandable stent segment unconnected with the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment, the additional expandable stent segment having an end region configured to overlap a portion of the expandable second stent segment in vivo. 16. A stent system comprising:
an expandable first stent segment having a first stent segment compressed state and a first stent segment expanded state, the expandable first stent segment having a plurality of first rings connected to one another to form a series of said first rings, the first rings comprising a plurality of first ring struts, the first ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the first ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of first rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having first apices and first troughs, the first rings having a first radial force in the first stent segment expanded state; an expandable second stent segment having a second stent segment compressed state and a second stent segment expanded state, the expandable second stent segment having a plurality of second rings connected to one another to form a series of said second rings, the second rings comprising a plurality of second ring struts, the second ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the second ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of second rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having second apices and second troughs, the second rings having a second radial force in the second stent segment expanded state; and an expandable third stent segment having a third stent segment compressed state and a third stent segment expanded state, wherein the third stent segment is between the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment and having a plurality of third rings connected to one another to form a series of said third rings, the third rings comprising a plurality of third ring struts, the third ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the third ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of third rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having third apices and third troughs, the third rings having a third radial force; wherein the expandable first stent segment is contiguous with and adjacent to the expandable third stent segment and the expandable third stent segment is continuous with and adjacent to the expandable second stent segment; and wherein the first radial force is greater than the second radial force, the third radial force is less than the first radial force and greater than the second radial force; and an additional stent having an end region configured to overlap a portion of the expandable second stent segment in vivo. 17. The stent system of claim 16, wherein the first expandable stent segment has a flexibility F1 and the second stent segment has a flexibility F2, wherein F1<F2. 18. The stent system of claim 16, wherein the additional stent has a flexibility F4, and F4≥F2. 19. The stent of claim 16, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first stiffness, the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second stiffness, the expandable third stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a third stiffness, wherein the first stiffness is greater than the third stiffness and the third stiffness is greater than the second stiffness. 20. The stent of claim 16, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first crush resistance, the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second crush resistance, the expandable third stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a third crush resistance wherein the first crush resistance is greater than the third crush resistance and the third crush resistance is greater than the second crush resistance. 21. The stent of claim 16, further comprising an additional expandable stent segment unconnected with the expandable first stent segment, the expandable second stent segment, and the third expandable stent segment, the additional expandable stent segment having an end region configured to overlap a portion of the expandable second stent segment in vivo. | A stent includes a high radial/crush force segment and a highly flexible segment. In an aspect, a plurality of first ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of first rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having a plurality of apices and troughs, each first ring connected to an adjacent first ring by at least one connector. The connector extends from a ring strut of the first ring from a position near an apex of the first ring to a ring strut of the adjacent first rings near an apex of the adjacent ring, and a second stent segment comprises a plurality of second rings connected to one another to form a series of second rings1. A stent, comprising:
an expandable first stent segment having a first stent segment compressed state and a first stent segment expanded state, the expandable first stent segment having a plurality of first rings connected to one another to form a series of said first rings, the first rings comprising a plurality of first ring struts, the first ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the first ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of first rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having first apices and first troughs, the first rings having a first radial force in the first stent segment expanded state; and an expandable second stent segment having a second stent segment compressed state and a second stent segment expanded state, the expandable second stent segment having a plurality of second rings connected to one another to form a series of said second rings, the second rings comprising a plurality of second ring struts, the second ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the second ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of second rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having second apices and second troughs, the second rings having a second radial force in the second stent segment expanded state; wherein the expandable first stent segment is contiguous with and adjacent to the expandable second stent segment; and wherein the first radial force is greater than the second radial force. 2. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first flexibility and the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second flexibility, wherein the first flexibility is less than the second flexibility. 3. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first stiffness and the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second stiffness, wherein the first stiffness is greater than the second stiffness. 4. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first crush resistance and the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second crush resistance, wherein the first crush resistance is greater than the second crush resistance. 5. The stent of claim 1, wherein the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment have a common lumen. 6. The stent of claim 1, wherein one of the first rings is connected to one of the second rings by a plurality of flexible bridges extending from the first ring to the second ring. 7. The stent of claim 1, wherein a number of the flexible bridges extending from the first ring to the second ring is less than a number of first apices. 8. The stent of claim 1, further comprising an expandable third stent segment having a third stent segment compressed state and a third stent segment expanded state and having a plurality of third rings connected to one another to form a series of said third rings, the third rings comprising a plurality of third ring struts, the third ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the third ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of third rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having third apices and third troughs, the third rings having a third radial force, the second radial force is greater than the third radial force. 9. The stent of claim 8, wherein one of the second rings is connected to one of the third rings by a plurality of flexible bridges extending from the second ring to the third ring. 10. The stent of claim 9, wherein a number of the flexible bridges extending from the second ring to the third ring is less than a number of second apices. 11. The stent of claim 8, wherein the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment have a common lumen. 12. The stent of claim 8, wherein a radial force of the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state is greater at a region adjacent the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state than at a region adjacent the expandable third stent segment in the third stent segment expanded state. 13. The stent of claim 1, the expandable first stent segment comprising a flare at an end opposite the expandable second stent segment. 14. The stent of claim 1, further comprising at least one reinforcement ring comprising shape memory alloy adjacent one of the first rings such that the at least one reinforcement ring is the end ring of said stent, the at least one reinforcement ring comprising a plurality of reinforcement ring struts connected such that the reinforcement ring comprises a sinusoidal pattern having apices and troughs, the reinforcement ring having a reinforced radial force. 15. The stent of claim 1, further comprising an additional expandable stent segment unconnected with the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment, the additional expandable stent segment having an end region configured to overlap a portion of the expandable second stent segment in vivo. 16. A stent system comprising:
an expandable first stent segment having a first stent segment compressed state and a first stent segment expanded state, the expandable first stent segment having a plurality of first rings connected to one another to form a series of said first rings, the first rings comprising a plurality of first ring struts, the first ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the first ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of first rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having first apices and first troughs, the first rings having a first radial force in the first stent segment expanded state; an expandable second stent segment having a second stent segment compressed state and a second stent segment expanded state, the expandable second stent segment having a plurality of second rings connected to one another to form a series of said second rings, the second rings comprising a plurality of second ring struts, the second ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the second ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of second rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having second apices and second troughs, the second rings having a second radial force in the second stent segment expanded state; and an expandable third stent segment having a third stent segment compressed state and a third stent segment expanded state, wherein the third stent segment is between the expandable first stent segment and the expandable second stent segment and having a plurality of third rings connected to one another to form a series of said third rings, the third rings comprising a plurality of third ring struts, the third ring struts comprising shape memory alloy, the third ring struts connected such that each of the plurality of third rings comprises a sinusoidal pattern having third apices and third troughs, the third rings having a third radial force; wherein the expandable first stent segment is contiguous with and adjacent to the expandable third stent segment and the expandable third stent segment is continuous with and adjacent to the expandable second stent segment; and wherein the first radial force is greater than the second radial force, the third radial force is less than the first radial force and greater than the second radial force; and an additional stent having an end region configured to overlap a portion of the expandable second stent segment in vivo. 17. The stent system of claim 16, wherein the first expandable stent segment has a flexibility F1 and the second stent segment has a flexibility F2, wherein F1<F2. 18. The stent system of claim 16, wherein the additional stent has a flexibility F4, and F4≥F2. 19. The stent of claim 16, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first stiffness, the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second stiffness, the expandable third stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a third stiffness, wherein the first stiffness is greater than the third stiffness and the third stiffness is greater than the second stiffness. 20. The stent of claim 16, wherein the expandable first stent segment in the first stent segment expanded state has a first crush resistance, the expandable second stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a second crush resistance, the expandable third stent segment in the second stent segment expanded state has a third crush resistance wherein the first crush resistance is greater than the third crush resistance and the third crush resistance is greater than the second crush resistance. 21. The stent of claim 16, further comprising an additional expandable stent segment unconnected with the expandable first stent segment, the expandable second stent segment, and the third expandable stent segment, the additional expandable stent segment having an end region configured to overlap a portion of the expandable second stent segment in vivo. | 3,600 |
343,565 | 16,802,968 | 3,675 | Provided are a radio terminal device, a radio base station device, and a channel signal forming method which can prevent quality degradation of the downlink resource allocation information by reducing the frequency of the zero information addition process to the downlink resource allocation information when executing communication using an uplink unit band and multiple downlink unit bands correlated to the uplink unit band. A base station includes: a PDCCH generation unit which includes the uplink allocation information relating to the uplink unit band only in some of the channel signals formed for each of the downlink unit bands; and a padding unit which adds zero information to the downlink allocation information only in the selected some channel signals having the bandwidth of the corresponding downlink unit band smaller than that of the uplink unit band until the downlink allocation information size becomes equal to the uplink allocation information size. | 1. A communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication apparatus comprising:
a receiver, which, in operation, receives from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and a decoder, which is coupled to the receiver and which, in operation, decodes the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. 5. A communication method performed by a communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication method comprising:
receiving from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and decoding the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 6. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 7. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently of each other. 8. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. | Provided are a radio terminal device, a radio base station device, and a channel signal forming method which can prevent quality degradation of the downlink resource allocation information by reducing the frequency of the zero information addition process to the downlink resource allocation information when executing communication using an uplink unit band and multiple downlink unit bands correlated to the uplink unit band. A base station includes: a PDCCH generation unit which includes the uplink allocation information relating to the uplink unit band only in some of the channel signals formed for each of the downlink unit bands; and a padding unit which adds zero information to the downlink allocation information only in the selected some channel signals having the bandwidth of the corresponding downlink unit band smaller than that of the uplink unit band until the downlink allocation information size becomes equal to the uplink allocation information size.1. A communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication apparatus comprising:
a receiver, which, in operation, receives from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and a decoder, which is coupled to the receiver and which, in operation, decodes the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. 5. A communication method performed by a communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication method comprising:
receiving from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and decoding the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 6. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 7. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently of each other. 8. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. | 3,600 |
343,566 | 16,803,017 | 3,618 | Provided are a radio terminal device, a radio base station device, and a channel signal forming method which can prevent quality degradation of the downlink resource allocation information by reducing the frequency of the zero information addition process to the downlink resource allocation information when executing communication using an uplink unit band and multiple downlink unit bands correlated to the uplink unit band. A base station includes: a PDCCH generation unit which includes the uplink allocation information relating to the uplink unit band only in some of the channel signals formed for each of the downlink unit bands; and a padding unit which adds zero information to the downlink allocation information only in the selected some channel signals having the bandwidth of the corresponding downlink unit band smaller than that of the uplink unit band until the downlink allocation information size becomes equal to the uplink allocation information size. | 1. A communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication apparatus comprising:
a receiver, which, in operation, receives from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and a decoder, which is coupled to the receiver and which, in operation, decodes the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. 5. A communication method performed by a communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication method comprising:
receiving from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and decoding the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 6. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 7. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently of each other. 8. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. | Provided are a radio terminal device, a radio base station device, and a channel signal forming method which can prevent quality degradation of the downlink resource allocation information by reducing the frequency of the zero information addition process to the downlink resource allocation information when executing communication using an uplink unit band and multiple downlink unit bands correlated to the uplink unit band. A base station includes: a PDCCH generation unit which includes the uplink allocation information relating to the uplink unit band only in some of the channel signals formed for each of the downlink unit bands; and a padding unit which adds zero information to the downlink allocation information only in the selected some channel signals having the bandwidth of the corresponding downlink unit band smaller than that of the uplink unit band until the downlink allocation information size becomes equal to the uplink allocation information size.1. A communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication apparatus comprising:
a receiver, which, in operation, receives from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and a decoder, which is coupled to the receiver and which, in operation, decodes the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. 5. A communication method performed by a communication apparatus, for which a first downlink component carrier, a second downlink component carrier, and an uplink component carrier are configured, the communication method comprising:
receiving from a communication partner apparatus a first downlink control signal over the first downlink component carrier and a second downlink control signal over the second downlink component carrier, wherein the first downlink control signal includes first resource allocation information related to one of the uplink component carrier and the first downlink component carrier, and the second downlink control signal includes second resource allocation information related to the second downlink component carrier; and decoding the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control signal based on a payload size; wherein, for the first downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a larger one of a number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier and a number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier; wherein, for the second downlink control signal, the payload size is determined based on a number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier. 6. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are used to distinguish between the first downlink control signal and the second downlink control information. 7. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier are set independently of each other. 8. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein the number of information bits related to the first downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the first downlink component carrier, the number of information bits related to the second downlink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the second downlink component carrier, and the number of information bits related to the uplink component carrier is determined based on a bandwidth of the uplink component carrier. | 3,600 |
343,567 | 16,802,974 | 3,618 | Power sourcing equipment (PSE) and an energy saving method for Power over Ethernet are provided. The PSE includes: a low-power detection component, configured to: detect a power supply port when being connected to the power supply port; and send a first instruction when the power supply port is connected to a valid powered device PD, to instruct a control switch to connect a PSE chip and the power supply port and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and instruct a power switch to connect the PSE chip and a power supply; the control switch, configured to: according to the first instruction, connect the PSE chip and the power supply port, and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port; and the power switch, configured to connect the PSE chip to the power supply port according to the first instruction. | 1. Power sourcing equipment, wherein
the power sourcing equipment comprises a power supply port, a power sourcing equipment PSE chip, a low-power detection component, a control switch, and a power switch, and the power supply port is connected to the control switch, the PSE chip and the low-power detection component are separately connected to the control switch, and the PSE chip is connected to the power switch; the low-power detection component is configured to: detect the power supply port when being connected to the power supply port; and send a first instruction when the power supply port is connected to a valid powered device PD, wherein the first instruction is used to instruct the control switch to connect the PSE chip and the power supply port and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and instruct the power switch to connect the PSE chip and a power supply; the control switch is configured to: according to the first instruction, connect the PSE chip and the power supply port, and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port; and the power switch is configured to enable the power supply of the PSE chip to be connected according to the first instruction. 2. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the PSE chip is connected to the power supply port, and the PSE chip is connected to the power supply, the PSE chip is configured to send a status notification to the low-power detection component when detecting that the power supply port is in a non-power supplied state, wherein the status notification is used to instruct the low-power detection component to send a second instruction, and the second instruction is used to instruct the control switch to disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply port and connect the low-power detection component and the power supply port, and instruct the power switch to disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply;
the control switch is further configured to: according to the second instruction, disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply port, and connect the low-power detection component and the power supply port; and the power switch is further configured to disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply according to the second instruction. 3. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the PSE chip is connected to the power supply port, and the PSE chip is connected to the power supply, the PSE chip is specifically configured to detect the power supply port, and output a normal supply voltage when a detection result of the power supply port is that the power supply port is connected to a valid PD. 4. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the PSE chip is connected to the power supply port, and the PSE chip is connected to the power supply, the PSE chip is specifically configured to directly output a normal supply voltage through the power supply port. 5. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein an operating voltage of the low-power detection component is greater than or equal to 10 volts. 6. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the low-power detection component is located in the PSE chip. 7. An energy saving method for Power over Ethernet, applied to power sourcing equipment that comprises a power supply port, a low-power detection component, and a power sourcing equipment PSE chip, the method comprises:
detecting, by the low-power detection component, whether the power supply port is connected to a valid powered device PD, wherein the power supply port is connected to the low-power detection component, the power supply port is disconnected from the PSE chip, and the PSE chip is disconnected from a power supply; and when the power supply port is detected as being connected to a valid PD, connecting the PSE chip and the power supply port, disconnecting the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and connecting the PSE chip and the power supply. 8. The energy saving method for Power over Ethernet according to claim 7, further comprising:
when the power supply port is not connected to a valid PD, keeping the power supply port connected to the low-power detection component, the power supply port disconnected from the PSE chip, and the PSE chip disconnected from the power supply, and continuing, by the low-power detection component, to detect the power supply port. 9. The energy saving method for Power over Ethernet according to claim 7, wherein after the connecting the PSE chip and the power supply port, disconnecting the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and connecting the PSE chip and the power supply, the method further comprises:
if the PSE chip detects that the PD connected to the power supply port is in a non-power supplied state, disconnecting the PSE chip from the power supply, disconnecting the PSE chip from the power supply port, and connecting the low-power detection component and the power supply port, so that the low-power detection component detects the power supply port. 10. The energy saving method for Power over Ethernet according to claim 7, wherein after the connecting the PSE chip and the power supply port, disconnecting the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and connecting the PSE chip and the power supply, the method further comprises:
detecting, by the PSE chip, the power supply port, and outputting a normal supply voltage when a detection result of the power supply port is that the power supply port is connected to a valid PD; or directly outputting, by the PSE chip, a normal supply voltage through the power supply port. 11. A power supply system, comprising a powered device and the power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein
the powered device is connected to a power supply port of the power sourcing equipment. | Power sourcing equipment (PSE) and an energy saving method for Power over Ethernet are provided. The PSE includes: a low-power detection component, configured to: detect a power supply port when being connected to the power supply port; and send a first instruction when the power supply port is connected to a valid powered device PD, to instruct a control switch to connect a PSE chip and the power supply port and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and instruct a power switch to connect the PSE chip and a power supply; the control switch, configured to: according to the first instruction, connect the PSE chip and the power supply port, and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port; and the power switch, configured to connect the PSE chip to the power supply port according to the first instruction.1. Power sourcing equipment, wherein
the power sourcing equipment comprises a power supply port, a power sourcing equipment PSE chip, a low-power detection component, a control switch, and a power switch, and the power supply port is connected to the control switch, the PSE chip and the low-power detection component are separately connected to the control switch, and the PSE chip is connected to the power switch; the low-power detection component is configured to: detect the power supply port when being connected to the power supply port; and send a first instruction when the power supply port is connected to a valid powered device PD, wherein the first instruction is used to instruct the control switch to connect the PSE chip and the power supply port and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and instruct the power switch to connect the PSE chip and a power supply; the control switch is configured to: according to the first instruction, connect the PSE chip and the power supply port, and disconnect the low-power detection component from the power supply port; and the power switch is configured to enable the power supply of the PSE chip to be connected according to the first instruction. 2. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the PSE chip is connected to the power supply port, and the PSE chip is connected to the power supply, the PSE chip is configured to send a status notification to the low-power detection component when detecting that the power supply port is in a non-power supplied state, wherein the status notification is used to instruct the low-power detection component to send a second instruction, and the second instruction is used to instruct the control switch to disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply port and connect the low-power detection component and the power supply port, and instruct the power switch to disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply;
the control switch is further configured to: according to the second instruction, disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply port, and connect the low-power detection component and the power supply port; and the power switch is further configured to disconnect the PSE chip from the power supply according to the second instruction. 3. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the PSE chip is connected to the power supply port, and the PSE chip is connected to the power supply, the PSE chip is specifically configured to detect the power supply port, and output a normal supply voltage when a detection result of the power supply port is that the power supply port is connected to a valid PD. 4. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the PSE chip is connected to the power supply port, and the PSE chip is connected to the power supply, the PSE chip is specifically configured to directly output a normal supply voltage through the power supply port. 5. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein an operating voltage of the low-power detection component is greater than or equal to 10 volts. 6. The power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the low-power detection component is located in the PSE chip. 7. An energy saving method for Power over Ethernet, applied to power sourcing equipment that comprises a power supply port, a low-power detection component, and a power sourcing equipment PSE chip, the method comprises:
detecting, by the low-power detection component, whether the power supply port is connected to a valid powered device PD, wherein the power supply port is connected to the low-power detection component, the power supply port is disconnected from the PSE chip, and the PSE chip is disconnected from a power supply; and when the power supply port is detected as being connected to a valid PD, connecting the PSE chip and the power supply port, disconnecting the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and connecting the PSE chip and the power supply. 8. The energy saving method for Power over Ethernet according to claim 7, further comprising:
when the power supply port is not connected to a valid PD, keeping the power supply port connected to the low-power detection component, the power supply port disconnected from the PSE chip, and the PSE chip disconnected from the power supply, and continuing, by the low-power detection component, to detect the power supply port. 9. The energy saving method for Power over Ethernet according to claim 7, wherein after the connecting the PSE chip and the power supply port, disconnecting the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and connecting the PSE chip and the power supply, the method further comprises:
if the PSE chip detects that the PD connected to the power supply port is in a non-power supplied state, disconnecting the PSE chip from the power supply, disconnecting the PSE chip from the power supply port, and connecting the low-power detection component and the power supply port, so that the low-power detection component detects the power supply port. 10. The energy saving method for Power over Ethernet according to claim 7, wherein after the connecting the PSE chip and the power supply port, disconnecting the low-power detection component from the power supply port, and connecting the PSE chip and the power supply, the method further comprises:
detecting, by the PSE chip, the power supply port, and outputting a normal supply voltage when a detection result of the power supply port is that the power supply port is connected to a valid PD; or directly outputting, by the PSE chip, a normal supply voltage through the power supply port. 11. A power supply system, comprising a powered device and the power sourcing equipment according to claim 1, wherein
the powered device is connected to a power supply port of the power sourcing equipment. | 3,600 |
343,568 | 16,802,996 | 3,618 | The projector includes a cooler cooling a cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas. A refrigerant generator of the cooler includes a moisture absorption/desorption member, a first blower feeding air to the moisture absorption/desorption member, a first heat exchanger, a second blower circulating air inside a circulation channel passing through the first heat exchanger and the moisture absorption/desorption member, a second heat exchanger at least partially disposed in the circulation channel. The second heat exchanger includes a thermoelectric element, a first heat-transfer member coupled to a heat absorption surface of the thermoelectric element, and a second heat-transfer member thermally coupled to a heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric element. The first heat-transfer member cools the air flowing through the circulation channel. The second heat-transfer member has a heat dissipation section configured to heat the air which was cooled by the first heat-transfer member. | 1. A projector having a cooling target, comprising:
a light source configured to emit light; a light modulator for modulating light emitted from the light source in accordance with an image signal; a projection optical device configured to project the light modulated by the light modulator; and a cooler configured to cool the cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas, wherein: the cooler includes
a refrigerant generator configured to generate the refrigerant, and
a refrigerant sender configured to transmit the refrigerant generated toward the cooling target,
the refrigerant generator includes
a moisture absorption/desorption member which rotates,
a first blower configured to feed air to a part of the moisture absorption/desorption member located in a first area,
a first heat exchanger coupled to the refrigerant sender,
a circulation channel passing through the first heat exchanger and a part of the moisture absorption/desorption member located in a second area different from the first area,
a second blower configured to circulate air in the circulation channel, and
a second heat exchanger at least partially disposed in a part where air passes from the first heat exchanger to the moisture absorption/desorption member in the circulation channel,
the first heat exchanger is cooled to generate the refrigerant from the air flowed into the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger includes
a thermoelectric element having a heat absorption surface and a heat dissipation surface,
a first heat-transfer member thermally coupled to the heat absorption surface, and
a second heat-transfer member thermally coupled to the heat dissipation surface,
the first heat-transfer member cools the air flowing through the circulation channel to generate the refrigerant, and the second heat-transfer member has a heat dissipation section configured to heat air which was cooled by the first heat-transfer member. 2. The projector according to claim 1, wherein:
the first heat-transfer member has a heat absorption section configured to cool the air flowing through the circulation channel, and the heat absorption section is disposed inside the first heat exchanger. 3. The projector according to claim 2, wherein
the first heat-transfer member is a heatsink having a plurality of fins which is the heat absorption section. 4. The projector according to claim 1, wherein
the second heat-transfer member is a heatsink having a plurality of fins which is the heat dissipation section. 5. The projector according to claim 3, wherein
the plurality of fins is each shaped like a plate extending along a direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel. 6. The projector according to claim 4, wherein
the plurality of fins is each shaped like a plate extending along a direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel. 7. The projector according to claim 1, wherein
the second heat exchanger has a plurality of the thermoelectric elements. 8. The projector according to claim 7, wherein:
the plurality of thermoelectric elements is arranged along the direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel, and the first heat-transfer member is disposed for each of the thermoelectric elements. 9. The projector according to claim 7, wherein:
the second heat exchanger includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element which are disposed so as to sandwich the first heat-transfer member in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel, and both of the heat absorption surface of the first thermoelectric element and the heat absorption surface of the second thermoelectric element are thermally coupled to the first heat-transfer member sandwiched between the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element. 10. The projector according to claim 1, wherein:
the refrigerant generator has a heater disposed in a part where air flowing from the first heat exchanger to the moisture absorption/desorption member passes in the circulation channel, and the heater further heats the air which was heated by the heat dissipation section. 11. The projector according to claim 1, wherein
the cooling target is the light modulator. | The projector includes a cooler cooling a cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas. A refrigerant generator of the cooler includes a moisture absorption/desorption member, a first blower feeding air to the moisture absorption/desorption member, a first heat exchanger, a second blower circulating air inside a circulation channel passing through the first heat exchanger and the moisture absorption/desorption member, a second heat exchanger at least partially disposed in the circulation channel. The second heat exchanger includes a thermoelectric element, a first heat-transfer member coupled to a heat absorption surface of the thermoelectric element, and a second heat-transfer member thermally coupled to a heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric element. The first heat-transfer member cools the air flowing through the circulation channel. The second heat-transfer member has a heat dissipation section configured to heat the air which was cooled by the first heat-transfer member.1. A projector having a cooling target, comprising:
a light source configured to emit light; a light modulator for modulating light emitted from the light source in accordance with an image signal; a projection optical device configured to project the light modulated by the light modulator; and a cooler configured to cool the cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas, wherein: the cooler includes
a refrigerant generator configured to generate the refrigerant, and
a refrigerant sender configured to transmit the refrigerant generated toward the cooling target,
the refrigerant generator includes
a moisture absorption/desorption member which rotates,
a first blower configured to feed air to a part of the moisture absorption/desorption member located in a first area,
a first heat exchanger coupled to the refrigerant sender,
a circulation channel passing through the first heat exchanger and a part of the moisture absorption/desorption member located in a second area different from the first area,
a second blower configured to circulate air in the circulation channel, and
a second heat exchanger at least partially disposed in a part where air passes from the first heat exchanger to the moisture absorption/desorption member in the circulation channel,
the first heat exchanger is cooled to generate the refrigerant from the air flowed into the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger includes
a thermoelectric element having a heat absorption surface and a heat dissipation surface,
a first heat-transfer member thermally coupled to the heat absorption surface, and
a second heat-transfer member thermally coupled to the heat dissipation surface,
the first heat-transfer member cools the air flowing through the circulation channel to generate the refrigerant, and the second heat-transfer member has a heat dissipation section configured to heat air which was cooled by the first heat-transfer member. 2. The projector according to claim 1, wherein:
the first heat-transfer member has a heat absorption section configured to cool the air flowing through the circulation channel, and the heat absorption section is disposed inside the first heat exchanger. 3. The projector according to claim 2, wherein
the first heat-transfer member is a heatsink having a plurality of fins which is the heat absorption section. 4. The projector according to claim 1, wherein
the second heat-transfer member is a heatsink having a plurality of fins which is the heat dissipation section. 5. The projector according to claim 3, wherein
the plurality of fins is each shaped like a plate extending along a direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel. 6. The projector according to claim 4, wherein
the plurality of fins is each shaped like a plate extending along a direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel. 7. The projector according to claim 1, wherein
the second heat exchanger has a plurality of the thermoelectric elements. 8. The projector according to claim 7, wherein:
the plurality of thermoelectric elements is arranged along the direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel, and the first heat-transfer member is disposed for each of the thermoelectric elements. 9. The projector according to claim 7, wherein:
the second heat exchanger includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element which are disposed so as to sandwich the first heat-transfer member in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the air passes through the second heat exchanger inside the circulation channel, and both of the heat absorption surface of the first thermoelectric element and the heat absorption surface of the second thermoelectric element are thermally coupled to the first heat-transfer member sandwiched between the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element. 10. The projector according to claim 1, wherein:
the refrigerant generator has a heater disposed in a part where air flowing from the first heat exchanger to the moisture absorption/desorption member passes in the circulation channel, and the heater further heats the air which was heated by the heat dissipation section. 11. The projector according to claim 1, wherein
the cooling target is the light modulator. | 3,600 |
343,569 | 16,803,013 | 3,618 | A display device of the present disclosure includes: a circuit unit including a semiconductor substrate and a capacitative element, in which the capacitative element includes, a dielectric layer which is formed in the semiconductor substrate, and extends in a substrate depth direction, a first electrode formed on one surface side of the dielectric layer to face the dielectric layer, and a second electrode formed on the other surface side of the dielectric layer to face the dielectric layer. An electronic device of the present disclosure includes the display device having the configuration described above. | 1. A display device comprising a plurality of organic EL elements and a driving circuit unit configured to drive the organic EL elements, wherein the driving circuit unit includes:
a driving transistor, a writing transistor, a light emitting control transistor, a switching transistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected between a power electrical voltage line and a gate electrode of the driving transistor, wherein an electrode of the first capacitor is formed above the gate electrode of the drive transistor, and an electrode of the second capacitor is formed below the driving transistor. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode of the first capacitor is formed on a first insulating layer that covers a gate electrode of each of the driving transistor and the writing transistor. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the electrode of the first capacitor overlaps with the gate electrode of the driving transistor. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode of the second capacitor is formed below a source/drain region of the driving transistor. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein another electrode of the first capacitor is formed above the gate electrode of the drive transistor, and
another electrode of the second capacitor is formed below the driving transistor. 6. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a second insulating layer formed over the first capacitor. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the second insulating layer formed over another electrode of the first capacitor. 8. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a signal output unit configured to output a signal electrical voltage to the driving circuit unit through a signal line, and a writing scanning unit 40 configured to output a writing scanning signal to the driving circuit unit through a scanning lime. 9. The display device according to claim 8, further comprising a second insulating layer formed over the first capacitor. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the signal line is formed above the second insulating layer. 11. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the scanning lime is formed above the second insulating layer. 12. The display device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a third insulating layer formed over the signal line, and an organic EL element formed above the third insulating layer. | A display device of the present disclosure includes: a circuit unit including a semiconductor substrate and a capacitative element, in which the capacitative element includes, a dielectric layer which is formed in the semiconductor substrate, and extends in a substrate depth direction, a first electrode formed on one surface side of the dielectric layer to face the dielectric layer, and a second electrode formed on the other surface side of the dielectric layer to face the dielectric layer. An electronic device of the present disclosure includes the display device having the configuration described above.1. A display device comprising a plurality of organic EL elements and a driving circuit unit configured to drive the organic EL elements, wherein the driving circuit unit includes:
a driving transistor, a writing transistor, a light emitting control transistor, a switching transistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected between a power electrical voltage line and a gate electrode of the driving transistor, wherein an electrode of the first capacitor is formed above the gate electrode of the drive transistor, and an electrode of the second capacitor is formed below the driving transistor. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode of the first capacitor is formed on a first insulating layer that covers a gate electrode of each of the driving transistor and the writing transistor. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the electrode of the first capacitor overlaps with the gate electrode of the driving transistor. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode of the second capacitor is formed below a source/drain region of the driving transistor. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein another electrode of the first capacitor is formed above the gate electrode of the drive transistor, and
another electrode of the second capacitor is formed below the driving transistor. 6. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a second insulating layer formed over the first capacitor. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the second insulating layer formed over another electrode of the first capacitor. 8. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a signal output unit configured to output a signal electrical voltage to the driving circuit unit through a signal line, and a writing scanning unit 40 configured to output a writing scanning signal to the driving circuit unit through a scanning lime. 9. The display device according to claim 8, further comprising a second insulating layer formed over the first capacitor. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the signal line is formed above the second insulating layer. 11. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the scanning lime is formed above the second insulating layer. 12. The display device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a third insulating layer formed over the signal line, and an organic EL element formed above the third insulating layer. | 3,600 |
343,570 | 16,802,979 | 3,618 | An intuitive information search method and device based on a displayed image and a computer readable recording medium thereof. The information search method based on an image displayed on a device includes recognizing a first input indicating a selection related to a plurality of objects included in the image, recognizing a second input indicating a search relationship between the selected plurality of objects, and searching for information based on the first input and the second input; and outputting found information through the device. | 1. An information search method based on an image displayed on a device, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor of the device, a first input indicating a selection related to a plurality of objects included in the image; receiving, by the processor, a second input indicating a search relationship between the selected plurality of objects, the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects comprises one of a same layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated equal priority in the search and a parent-child layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated different priorities in the search; searching for, by the processor, information based on the first input and the second input; and outputting, by the processor, found information through the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the same layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture for gathering the selected plurality of objects and a touch based gesture for moving the selected plurality of objects to at least one display location other than display locations of the selected plurality of objects. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture indicating moving one or more selected objects excluding one object among the selected plurality of objects to a display location of the excluded one object and a touch based gesture indicating moving at least one of the selected plurality of objects to a display location of one of the selected plurality of objects. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the same layer relationship, the searching for the information comprises: displaying information used to select one of an information search item comprising at least one of the selected plurality of objects and an information search item comprising all of the selected plurality of objects, and searching for the information according to the information search item selected based on the displayed information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the searching for the information comprises: determining a search condition based on the parent-child layer relationships between the selected plurality of objects, and searching for the information according to the determined search condition. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
requesting, by the processor, an external device to search for the information based on the first input and the second input, and receiving, by the processor, a search result from the external device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the processor, information indicating receiving related to the first input on a display of the device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the information indicating the receiving related to the first input by the device comprises one of information indicating closed regions based on outlines of the plurality of objects or each object, information based on a cut image based on the outlines of the plurality of objects or the each object, and a multi-screen based on the cut image. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the processor, information indicating receiving related to the second input on a display of the device. 10. A device comprising:
a storage storing at least one piece of information and at least one program; a touch screen displaying an image; a processor configured:
to provide a user interface based on the touch screen, to receive a first input indicating a selection related to a plurality of objects included in the image and receive a second input indicating a search relationship between the selected plurality of objects, the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects comprises one of a same layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated equal priority in the search and a parent-child layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated different priorities in the search,
to search for the information based on the first input and the second input, and
to output found information on the touch screen. 11. The device of 10, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the same layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture indicating gathering the selected plurality of objects and a touch based gesture indicating moving the selected plurality of objects to at least one display location other than display locations of the selected plurality of objects. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture indicating moving one or more selected objects excluding one object among the selected plurality of objects to a display location of the excluded one object and a touch based gesture indicating moving at least one of the selected plurality of objects to a display location of one of the selected plurality of objects. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of the objects is the same layer relationship, the processor is further configured to display information used to select an information search item comprising at least one of the selected plurality of objects and an information search item comprising all of the selected plurality of objects, and to search for the information according to the information search item selected based on the displayed information. 14. The device of claim 10, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the searching for the information comprises: the processor is further configured to determine a search condition based on the parent-child layer relationships between the selected plurality of objects, and search for the information according to the determined search condition. 15. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
a communication interface for communication with an external device; and wherein the processor is further configured to request the external device to search for the information based on the first input and the second input through the communication interface, and receive a search result from the external device. 16. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to display information indicating receiving related to the first input on the touch screen. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the information indicating receiving related to the first input comprises one of information indicating closed regions based on outlines of the selected plurality of objects or each object, information based on a cut image based on the outlines of the selected plurality of objects or the each object, and a multi-screen based on the cut image. 18. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to display information indicating receiving related to the second input on the touch screen. 19. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium storing one or more programs comprising a command language to execute the information search method of claim 1. | An intuitive information search method and device based on a displayed image and a computer readable recording medium thereof. The information search method based on an image displayed on a device includes recognizing a first input indicating a selection related to a plurality of objects included in the image, recognizing a second input indicating a search relationship between the selected plurality of objects, and searching for information based on the first input and the second input; and outputting found information through the device.1. An information search method based on an image displayed on a device, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor of the device, a first input indicating a selection related to a plurality of objects included in the image; receiving, by the processor, a second input indicating a search relationship between the selected plurality of objects, the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects comprises one of a same layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated equal priority in the search and a parent-child layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated different priorities in the search; searching for, by the processor, information based on the first input and the second input; and outputting, by the processor, found information through the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the same layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture for gathering the selected plurality of objects and a touch based gesture for moving the selected plurality of objects to at least one display location other than display locations of the selected plurality of objects. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture indicating moving one or more selected objects excluding one object among the selected plurality of objects to a display location of the excluded one object and a touch based gesture indicating moving at least one of the selected plurality of objects to a display location of one of the selected plurality of objects. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the same layer relationship, the searching for the information comprises: displaying information used to select one of an information search item comprising at least one of the selected plurality of objects and an information search item comprising all of the selected plurality of objects, and searching for the information according to the information search item selected based on the displayed information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the searching for the information comprises: determining a search condition based on the parent-child layer relationships between the selected plurality of objects, and searching for the information according to the determined search condition. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
requesting, by the processor, an external device to search for the information based on the first input and the second input, and receiving, by the processor, a search result from the external device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the processor, information indicating receiving related to the first input on a display of the device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the information indicating the receiving related to the first input by the device comprises one of information indicating closed regions based on outlines of the plurality of objects or each object, information based on a cut image based on the outlines of the plurality of objects or the each object, and a multi-screen based on the cut image. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the processor, information indicating receiving related to the second input on a display of the device. 10. A device comprising:
a storage storing at least one piece of information and at least one program; a touch screen displaying an image; a processor configured:
to provide a user interface based on the touch screen, to receive a first input indicating a selection related to a plurality of objects included in the image and receive a second input indicating a search relationship between the selected plurality of objects, the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects comprises one of a same layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated equal priority in the search and a parent-child layer relationship indicating that the selected plurality of objects have been allocated different priorities in the search,
to search for the information based on the first input and the second input, and
to output found information on the touch screen. 11. The device of 10, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the same layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture indicating gathering the selected plurality of objects and a touch based gesture indicating moving the selected plurality of objects to at least one display location other than display locations of the selected plurality of objects. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein, when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the second input comprises one of a touch based gesture indicating moving one or more selected objects excluding one object among the selected plurality of objects to a display location of the excluded one object and a touch based gesture indicating moving at least one of the selected plurality of objects to a display location of one of the selected plurality of objects. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of the objects is the same layer relationship, the processor is further configured to display information used to select an information search item comprising at least one of the selected plurality of objects and an information search item comprising all of the selected plurality of objects, and to search for the information according to the information search item selected based on the displayed information. 14. The device of claim 10, wherein:
when the search relationship between the selected plurality of objects is the parent-child layer relationship, the searching for the information comprises: the processor is further configured to determine a search condition based on the parent-child layer relationships between the selected plurality of objects, and search for the information according to the determined search condition. 15. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
a communication interface for communication with an external device; and wherein the processor is further configured to request the external device to search for the information based on the first input and the second input through the communication interface, and receive a search result from the external device. 16. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to display information indicating receiving related to the first input on the touch screen. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the information indicating receiving related to the first input comprises one of information indicating closed regions based on outlines of the selected plurality of objects or each object, information based on a cut image based on the outlines of the selected plurality of objects or the each object, and a multi-screen based on the cut image. 18. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to display information indicating receiving related to the second input on the touch screen. 19. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium storing one or more programs comprising a command language to execute the information search method of claim 1. | 3,600 |
343,571 | 16,803,002 | 3,618 | Disclosed by way of example embodiments is a wireless communication system transmitting or receiving a wireless signal according to an orientation of the wireless communication system. In one aspect, the wireless communication system includes an antenna operable in different configurations. In each configuration, the antenna has a corresponding antenna gain in a direction with respect to the antenna. The wireless communication system further includes a sensor for determining an orientation of the wireless communication system. According to the determined orientation, the antenna is configured to transmit or receive the wireless signal in a corresponding configuration. Hence, the wireless communication system disposed in different orientations can successfully communicate with another wireless communication system. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a body partially enclosing a camera; a sensor coupled to the body, the sensor configured to generate a detection signal indicating an orientation of the body; an antenna coupled to the body, the antenna comprising a first feed and a second feed; a receiver circuit coupled to the body; and a switch electrically coupled between the receiver circuit and the antenna, the switch configured to electrically configure a connection between the receiver circuit and the first feed and the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a first orientation. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the antenna is configured to receive a wireless signal. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the receiver circuit is configured to receive the wireless signal and downconvert the wireless signal. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the receiver circuit is a global positioning system receiver configured to determine a position of the body according to the downconverted wireless signal. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the second feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the first feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a second orientation. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
a hybrid coupler electrically coupled between the receiver circuit and the switch, the hybrid coupler comprising a single ended port, and two additional ports with a phase difference, the single ended port coupled to the receiver circuit, the two additional ports comprising a first port and a second port. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically couple the first port to the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the second port to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically couple the second port to the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the first port to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a second orientation. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the phase difference is 90 degree. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the antenna is right hand circular polarized in a first direction, when the first feed is electrically coupled to the receiver circuit responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the antenna is right hand circular polarized in a second direction, when the second feed is electrically coupled to the receive circuit, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a second orientation. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first feed is disposed on a first side of the antenna and the second feed is disposed on a second side of the antenna, the first side and the second side adjoining each other at a first corner of the antenna. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the antenna comprises a first chamfer and a second chamfer, the first chamfer formed on a second corner of the antenna at an end of the second side from the first corner, the second chamfer formed on a third corner of the antenna at an end of the first side away from the first corner. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a gyroscope or accelerometer configured to determine the orientation of the body. 17. An apparatus comprising:
a body partially enclosing a camera; a sensor coupled to the body, the sensor configured to generate a detection signal indicating an orientation of the body; an antenna coupled to the body, the antenna comprising a first feed and a second feed; a receiver circuit coupled to the body; and a switch electrically coupled between the receiver circuit and the antenna, the switch configured to electrically configure a connection between the receiver circuit and the first feed and the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a first orientation or in a second orientation. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the second feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the first feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the second orientation. 20. A camera comprising:
a body; a sensor, the sensor configured to detect an orientation of the body; an antenna, the antenna comprising a first feed and a second feed; a receiver circuit; and a switch configured to electrically configure a connection between the receiver circuit and the first feed and the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the orientation of the body indicating the body being oriented in a first orientation or in a second orientation. | Disclosed by way of example embodiments is a wireless communication system transmitting or receiving a wireless signal according to an orientation of the wireless communication system. In one aspect, the wireless communication system includes an antenna operable in different configurations. In each configuration, the antenna has a corresponding antenna gain in a direction with respect to the antenna. The wireless communication system further includes a sensor for determining an orientation of the wireless communication system. According to the determined orientation, the antenna is configured to transmit or receive the wireless signal in a corresponding configuration. Hence, the wireless communication system disposed in different orientations can successfully communicate with another wireless communication system.1. An apparatus comprising:
a body partially enclosing a camera; a sensor coupled to the body, the sensor configured to generate a detection signal indicating an orientation of the body; an antenna coupled to the body, the antenna comprising a first feed and a second feed; a receiver circuit coupled to the body; and a switch electrically coupled between the receiver circuit and the antenna, the switch configured to electrically configure a connection between the receiver circuit and the first feed and the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a first orientation. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the antenna is configured to receive a wireless signal. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the receiver circuit is configured to receive the wireless signal and downconvert the wireless signal. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the receiver circuit is a global positioning system receiver configured to determine a position of the body according to the downconverted wireless signal. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the second feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the first feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a second orientation. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
a hybrid coupler electrically coupled between the receiver circuit and the switch, the hybrid coupler comprising a single ended port, and two additional ports with a phase difference, the single ended port coupled to the receiver circuit, the two additional ports comprising a first port and a second port. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically couple the first port to the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the second port to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically couple the second port to the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the first port to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a second orientation. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the phase difference is 90 degree. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the antenna is right hand circular polarized in a first direction, when the first feed is electrically coupled to the receiver circuit responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the antenna is right hand circular polarized in a second direction, when the second feed is electrically coupled to the receive circuit, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a second orientation. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first feed is disposed on a first side of the antenna and the second feed is disposed on a second side of the antenna, the first side and the second side adjoining each other at a first corner of the antenna. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the antenna comprises a first chamfer and a second chamfer, the first chamfer formed on a second corner of the antenna at an end of the second side from the first corner, the second chamfer formed on a third corner of the antenna at an end of the first side away from the first corner. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a gyroscope or accelerometer configured to determine the orientation of the body. 17. An apparatus comprising:
a body partially enclosing a camera; a sensor coupled to the body, the sensor configured to generate a detection signal indicating an orientation of the body; an antenna coupled to the body, the antenna comprising a first feed and a second feed; a receiver circuit coupled to the body; and a switch electrically coupled between the receiver circuit and the antenna, the switch configured to electrically configure a connection between the receiver circuit and the first feed and the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in a first orientation or in a second orientation. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the second feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the first feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the first orientation. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the switch is configured to:
electrically decouple the receiver circuit from the first feed of the antenna and electrically couple the receiver circuit to the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the detection signal indicating the body being oriented in the second orientation. 20. A camera comprising:
a body; a sensor, the sensor configured to detect an orientation of the body; an antenna, the antenna comprising a first feed and a second feed; a receiver circuit; and a switch configured to electrically configure a connection between the receiver circuit and the first feed and the second feed of the antenna, responsive to the orientation of the body indicating the body being oriented in a first orientation or in a second orientation. | 3,600 |
343,572 | 16,802,986 | 3,618 | A packet broker that performs a health-status check of a proxy server while the proxy server processes one or more proxy connections. The packet broker may attempt to exchange a heartbeat signal with the proxy server, and if unsuccessful, the proxy server is assumed to be failing. In such cases, a failover is desirable. Rather than implementing a “hard” failover, in which no further communication packets are directed to the proxy server, a “soft” failover is performed where the packet broker prevents new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, but maintains at least one (e.g., all) of the current proxy connections that are being processed by the proxy server. | 1. Apparatus for use with at least one proxy server processing at least one current proxy connection, the apparatus comprising:
a digital memory, configured to store one or more packet identifiers; and proxy-managing circuitry, configured to:
receive a plurality of communication packets,
using the packet identifiers, identify those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection,
perform a health-status check of the proxy server, and
in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy server:
maintain the current proxy connection, by directing to the proxy server those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection, and
prevent any new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, by not directing at least some of the communication packets to the proxy server. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a packet broker that comprises the proxy-managing circuitry. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a bypass switch, comprising:
a network interface, configured to receive the communication packets via a network; and bypass-switch circuitry, configured to direct the communication packets to the proxy-managing circuitry. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the bypass-switch circuitry is further configured to:
perform a health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, and, in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, bypass the proxy-managing circuitry, by not directing communication packets received by the network interface to the proxy-managing circuitry. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the packet identifiers include respective packet-identifier 5-tuples, wherein respective headers of the communication packets include respective communication-packet 5-tuples, and wherein the proxy-managing circuitry is configured to identify those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection by attempting to match the communication-packet 5-tuples with the packet-identifier 5-tuples. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising the proxy server, wherein the proxy server is configured to fail the health-status check in response to receiving a shutdown command. 7. A method for use with at least one proxy server processing at least one current proxy connection, the method comprising, using proxy-managing circuitry:
receiving a plurality of communication packets; identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection; performing a health-status check of the proxy server; and in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy server:
maintaining the current proxy connection, by directing to the proxy server those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection, and
preventing any new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, by not directing at least some of the communication packets to the proxy server. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
performing a health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, and, in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, bypassing the proxy-managing circuitry, by not directing received communication packets to the proxy-managing circuitry. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection comprises identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection using one or more packet identifiers that are stored in a digital memory. 10. The method according to claim 9,
wherein the packet identifiers include respective packet-identifier 5-tuples, wherein respective headers of the communication packets include respective communication-packet 5-tuples, and wherein identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection comprises identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection by attempting to match the communication-packet 5-tuples with the packet-identifier 5-tuples. 11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising, using the proxy server, failing the health-status check in response to receiving a shutdown command. 12. A computer software product comprising a tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium in which program instructions are stored, which instructions, when read by a processor, cause the processor to:
receive a plurality of communication packets, using a plurality of packet identifiers stored in a digital memory, identify those of the communication packets that belong to a current proxy connection of proxy server, perform a health-status check of the proxy server, and in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy server:
maintain the current proxy connection, by directing to the proxy server those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection, and
prevent any new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, by not directing at least some of the communication packets to the proxy server. 13. The computer software product according to claim 12,
wherein the packet identifiers include respective packet-identifier 5-tuples, wherein respective headers of the communication packets include respective communication-packet 5-tuples, and wherein the instructions cause the processor to identify those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection by attempting to match the communication-packet 5-tuples with the packet-identifier 5-tuples. | A packet broker that performs a health-status check of a proxy server while the proxy server processes one or more proxy connections. The packet broker may attempt to exchange a heartbeat signal with the proxy server, and if unsuccessful, the proxy server is assumed to be failing. In such cases, a failover is desirable. Rather than implementing a “hard” failover, in which no further communication packets are directed to the proxy server, a “soft” failover is performed where the packet broker prevents new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, but maintains at least one (e.g., all) of the current proxy connections that are being processed by the proxy server.1. Apparatus for use with at least one proxy server processing at least one current proxy connection, the apparatus comprising:
a digital memory, configured to store one or more packet identifiers; and proxy-managing circuitry, configured to:
receive a plurality of communication packets,
using the packet identifiers, identify those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection,
perform a health-status check of the proxy server, and
in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy server:
maintain the current proxy connection, by directing to the proxy server those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection, and
prevent any new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, by not directing at least some of the communication packets to the proxy server. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a packet broker that comprises the proxy-managing circuitry. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a bypass switch, comprising:
a network interface, configured to receive the communication packets via a network; and bypass-switch circuitry, configured to direct the communication packets to the proxy-managing circuitry. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the bypass-switch circuitry is further configured to:
perform a health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, and, in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, bypass the proxy-managing circuitry, by not directing communication packets received by the network interface to the proxy-managing circuitry. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the packet identifiers include respective packet-identifier 5-tuples, wherein respective headers of the communication packets include respective communication-packet 5-tuples, and wherein the proxy-managing circuitry is configured to identify those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection by attempting to match the communication-packet 5-tuples with the packet-identifier 5-tuples. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising the proxy server, wherein the proxy server is configured to fail the health-status check in response to receiving a shutdown command. 7. A method for use with at least one proxy server processing at least one current proxy connection, the method comprising, using proxy-managing circuitry:
receiving a plurality of communication packets; identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection; performing a health-status check of the proxy server; and in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy server:
maintaining the current proxy connection, by directing to the proxy server those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection, and
preventing any new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, by not directing at least some of the communication packets to the proxy server. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
performing a health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, and, in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy-managing circuitry, bypassing the proxy-managing circuitry, by not directing received communication packets to the proxy-managing circuitry. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection comprises identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection using one or more packet identifiers that are stored in a digital memory. 10. The method according to claim 9,
wherein the packet identifiers include respective packet-identifier 5-tuples, wherein respective headers of the communication packets include respective communication-packet 5-tuples, and wherein identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection comprises identifying those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection by attempting to match the communication-packet 5-tuples with the packet-identifier 5-tuples. 11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising, using the proxy server, failing the health-status check in response to receiving a shutdown command. 12. A computer software product comprising a tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium in which program instructions are stored, which instructions, when read by a processor, cause the processor to:
receive a plurality of communication packets, using a plurality of packet identifiers stored in a digital memory, identify those of the communication packets that belong to a current proxy connection of proxy server, perform a health-status check of the proxy server, and in response to a failure in the health-status check of the proxy server:
maintain the current proxy connection, by directing to the proxy server those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection, and
prevent any new proxy connections from being processed by the proxy server, by not directing at least some of the communication packets to the proxy server. 13. The computer software product according to claim 12,
wherein the packet identifiers include respective packet-identifier 5-tuples, wherein respective headers of the communication packets include respective communication-packet 5-tuples, and wherein the instructions cause the processor to identify those of the communication packets that belong to the current proxy connection by attempting to match the communication-packet 5-tuples with the packet-identifier 5-tuples. | 3,600 |
343,573 | 16,803,014 | 3,618 | A method for charging a battery of a vehicle using a charging station, wherein the charging station includes an electric power source and a data source, wherein an output device which is configured for issuing acoustic signals is arranged in an interior of the vehicle, wherein a first connection for transferring electric power is provided between the power source of the charging station and the battery of the vehicle, wherein a second connection for transferring data is provided between the data source of the charging station and the output device in the vehicle, wherein the electric power is transferred via the first connection from the power source to the battery, and wherein data for acoustic signals is transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device, wherein the output device issues acoustic signals based on the data received. | 1. A method for charging a battery of a vehicle using a charging station, wherein the charging station comprises:
an electric power source and a data source, wherein an output device which is configured for issuing acoustic signals is arranged in an interior of the vehicle, wherein a first connection for transferring electric power is provided between the power source of the charging station and the battery of the vehicle, wherein a second connection for transferring data is provided between the data source of the charging station and the output device in the vehicle, wherein the electric power is transferred via the first connection from the power source to the battery, and wherein data for acoustic signals is transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device , wherein the output device issues acoustic signals based on the data received. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic data and/or signals include information on a charging process of the battery. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an output device is used which comprises at least one speaker and/or at least one sound source, which is configured to convert and/or transform the data for the acoustic signals into the acoustic signals. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data for the acoustic signals is transferred to the output device via a line as connection for the data and/or via radio, particularly Bluetooth, WLAN, or Wi-Fi, or a mobile phone connection as connection for the data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein a cable is used which includes the line for the data and the line for electric power. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 8. A system for charging a battery of a vehicle, wherein the system comprises:
a charging station and an output device, wherein the charging station comprises an electric power source and a data source, wherein the output device which is configured for issuing acoustic signals must or can be arranged in an interior of the vehicle, wherein a first connection for transferring electric power must or can be provided between the power source of the charging station and the battery of the vehicle, wherein a second connection for transferring data must or can be provided between the data source of the charging station and the output device in the vehicle, wherein the first connection is configured to transfer electric power from the power source to the battery, and wherein the second connection is configured to transfer data for acoustic signals from the data source to the output device, wherein the output device is configured to issue acoustic signals based on the data received. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein an output device is used which comprises at least one speaker and/or at least one sound source, which is configured to convert and/or transform the data for the acoustic signals into the acoustic signals. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the data for the acoustic signals is transferred to the output device via a line as connection for the data and/or via radio, particularly Bluetooth, WLAN, or Wi-Fi, or a mobile phone connection as connection for the data. 11. The method according to claim 3, wherein the data for the acoustic signals is transferred to the output device via a line as connection for the data and/or via radio, particularly Bluetooth, WLAN, or Wi-Fi, or a mobile phone connection as connection for the data. 12. The method according to claim 2, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 13. The method according to claim 3, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 14. The method according to claim 4, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 15. The method according to claim 2, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 16. The method according to claim 3, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 18. The method according to claim 5, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 19. The method according to claim 6, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. | A method for charging a battery of a vehicle using a charging station, wherein the charging station includes an electric power source and a data source, wherein an output device which is configured for issuing acoustic signals is arranged in an interior of the vehicle, wherein a first connection for transferring electric power is provided between the power source of the charging station and the battery of the vehicle, wherein a second connection for transferring data is provided between the data source of the charging station and the output device in the vehicle, wherein the electric power is transferred via the first connection from the power source to the battery, and wherein data for acoustic signals is transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device, wherein the output device issues acoustic signals based on the data received.1. A method for charging a battery of a vehicle using a charging station, wherein the charging station comprises:
an electric power source and a data source, wherein an output device which is configured for issuing acoustic signals is arranged in an interior of the vehicle, wherein a first connection for transferring electric power is provided between the power source of the charging station and the battery of the vehicle, wherein a second connection for transferring data is provided between the data source of the charging station and the output device in the vehicle, wherein the electric power is transferred via the first connection from the power source to the battery, and wherein data for acoustic signals is transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device , wherein the output device issues acoustic signals based on the data received. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic data and/or signals include information on a charging process of the battery. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an output device is used which comprises at least one speaker and/or at least one sound source, which is configured to convert and/or transform the data for the acoustic signals into the acoustic signals. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data for the acoustic signals is transferred to the output device via a line as connection for the data and/or via radio, particularly Bluetooth, WLAN, or Wi-Fi, or a mobile phone connection as connection for the data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein a cable is used which includes the line for the data and the line for electric power. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 8. A system for charging a battery of a vehicle, wherein the system comprises:
a charging station and an output device, wherein the charging station comprises an electric power source and a data source, wherein the output device which is configured for issuing acoustic signals must or can be arranged in an interior of the vehicle, wherein a first connection for transferring electric power must or can be provided between the power source of the charging station and the battery of the vehicle, wherein a second connection for transferring data must or can be provided between the data source of the charging station and the output device in the vehicle, wherein the first connection is configured to transfer electric power from the power source to the battery, and wherein the second connection is configured to transfer data for acoustic signals from the data source to the output device, wherein the output device is configured to issue acoustic signals based on the data received. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein an output device is used which comprises at least one speaker and/or at least one sound source, which is configured to convert and/or transform the data for the acoustic signals into the acoustic signals. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the data for the acoustic signals is transferred to the output device via a line as connection for the data and/or via radio, particularly Bluetooth, WLAN, or Wi-Fi, or a mobile phone connection as connection for the data. 11. The method according to claim 3, wherein the data for the acoustic signals is transferred to the output device via a line as connection for the data and/or via radio, particularly Bluetooth, WLAN, or Wi-Fi, or a mobile phone connection as connection for the data. 12. The method according to claim 2, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 13. The method according to claim 3, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 14. The method according to claim 4, wherein the electric power is transferred to the battery via a line for electric power and/or by induction. 15. The method according to claim 2, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 16. The method according to claim 3, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 18. The method according to claim 5, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. 19. The method according to claim 6, wherein data for visual signals is additionally transferred via the second connection from the data source to the output device. | 3,600 |
343,574 | 16,803,010 | 3,618 | Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatus for limiting the excursion of a transducer. The method comprises receiving a transducer signal; and limiting the transducer signal or a signal derived therefrom to generate a limited transducer signal for input into the transducer such that an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in an electrical model of the transducer would be less than a threshold electrical response, wherein the threshold electrical response has been determined by: inputting a stimulus input signal into the electrical model of the transducer, wherein the stimulus input signal is designed to cause the transducer to reach a maximum excursion; and determining the threshold electrical response as a maximum of the electrical response caused by the stimulus input signal in the electrical model of the transducer. | 1. A method of providing excursion protection for a transducer comprising:
receiving a transducer signal; and limiting the transducer signal, or a signal derived therefrom, to generate a limited transducer signal for driving the transducer such that an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in an electrical model of the transducer would be less than a threshold electrical response, wherein the threshold electrical response has been determined by: inputting a stimulus input signal into the electrical model of the transducer, wherein the stimulus input signal is designed to cause the transducer to reach a maximum excursion; and determining the threshold electrical response as a maximum of the electrical response caused by the stimulus input signal in the electrical model of the transducer. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining an electrical response caused by the transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer; and
limiting a delayed version of the transducer signal to generate the limited transducer signal based on a comparison of the electrical response caused by the transducer signal with the threshold electrical response. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer;
comparing the electrical response of the limited transducer signal with the threshold electrical response; and
adjusting the limitation of the transducer signal based on the comparison. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical response comprises a representation of the back electromotive force, EMF, voltage in the electrical model. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of limiting comprises:
attenuating the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal, such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model remains below a maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrical response comprises a total energy across the electrical model. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of limiting comprises
attenuating the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the total energy across the electrical model remains below a maximum of the total energy across the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 8. The method of claim 5 wherein the step of limiting comprises:
setting the maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage equal to 1. 9. The method of claim 5 wherein the transducer comprises a Linear Resonant Actuator, LRA, and wherein the electrical model comprises an electrical model of a moving mass of the transducer, and wherein the step of determining the maximum back EMF voltage comprises:
measuring the voltage across the electrical model of the moving mass of the transducer as the stimulus input signal is input into the electrical model of the transducer; and
setting the maximum voltage reached in the step of measuring as the maximum back EMF voltage caused by the stimulus input signal. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical response comprises an inductor current in the electrical model. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of limiting comprises attenuating the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, an inductor current in the electrical model remains below the maximum inductor current in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a nominal resonance frequency associated with the transducer. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a signal in which the frequency is varied across a range of frequencies comprising the nominal resonance frequency. 14. A controller for providing excursion protection for a transducer comprising:
an input configured to receive a transducer signal; excursion limiting circuitry configured to limit the transducer signal or a signal derived therefrom to generate a limited transducer signal for driving the transducer such that an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in an electrical model of the transducer would be less than a threshold electrical response, wherein the threshold electrical response has been determined by: inputting a stimulus input signal into the electrical model of the transducer, wherein the stimulus input signal is designed to cause the transducer to reach a maximum excursion; and determining the threshold electrical response as a maximum of the electrical response caused by the stimulus input signal in the electrical model of the transducer. 15. The controller of claim 14 further comprising:
an electrical modelling block configured to determine an electrical response caused by the transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer; wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to limit a delayed version of the transducer signal to generate the limited transducer signal based on a comparison of the electrical response caused by the transducer signal with the threshold electrical response. 16. The controller of claim 14 further comprising:
an electrical modelling block configured to determine an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer;
a comparison block configured to compare the electrical response of the limited transducer signal to the threshold electrical response; wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to adjust the limitation of the transducer signal based on the comparison. 17. The controller of claim 14 wherein the electrical response comprises a representation of the back electromotive force, EMF, voltage in the electrical model. 18. The controller of claim 17 wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to:
attenuate the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal, such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model remains below a maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 19. The controller of claim 14 wherein the electrical response comprises a total energy across the electrical model. 20. The controller of claim 19 wherein excursion limiting circuitry is configured to:
attenuate the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the total energy across the electrical model remains below a maximum of the total energy across the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 21. The controller of claim 18 wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to:
set the maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage equal to 1. 22. The controller of claim 14 wherein the electrical response comprises an inductor current in the electrical model. 23. The controller of claim 22 wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to: attenuate the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, an inductor current in the electrical model remains below the maximum inductor current in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 24. The controller of claim 14 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a nominal resonance frequency associated with the transducer. 25. The controller of claim 24 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a signal in which the frequency is varied across a range of frequencies comprising the nominal resonance frequency. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein said electrical model comprises a first resistor, a first inductor, and a capacitor, all connected in parallel, and further comprises a second resistor and a second inductor, connected in series with the parallel connection of the first resistor, the first inductor, and the capacitor, the method comprising defining a first transfer function as a ratio of a current through the first inductor to an applied voltage. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising defining a second transfer function as a ratio of an excursion of said transducer to the applied voltage. | Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatus for limiting the excursion of a transducer. The method comprises receiving a transducer signal; and limiting the transducer signal or a signal derived therefrom to generate a limited transducer signal for input into the transducer such that an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in an electrical model of the transducer would be less than a threshold electrical response, wherein the threshold electrical response has been determined by: inputting a stimulus input signal into the electrical model of the transducer, wherein the stimulus input signal is designed to cause the transducer to reach a maximum excursion; and determining the threshold electrical response as a maximum of the electrical response caused by the stimulus input signal in the electrical model of the transducer.1. A method of providing excursion protection for a transducer comprising:
receiving a transducer signal; and limiting the transducer signal, or a signal derived therefrom, to generate a limited transducer signal for driving the transducer such that an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in an electrical model of the transducer would be less than a threshold electrical response, wherein the threshold electrical response has been determined by: inputting a stimulus input signal into the electrical model of the transducer, wherein the stimulus input signal is designed to cause the transducer to reach a maximum excursion; and determining the threshold electrical response as a maximum of the electrical response caused by the stimulus input signal in the electrical model of the transducer. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining an electrical response caused by the transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer; and
limiting a delayed version of the transducer signal to generate the limited transducer signal based on a comparison of the electrical response caused by the transducer signal with the threshold electrical response. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer;
comparing the electrical response of the limited transducer signal with the threshold electrical response; and
adjusting the limitation of the transducer signal based on the comparison. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical response comprises a representation of the back electromotive force, EMF, voltage in the electrical model. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of limiting comprises:
attenuating the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal, such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model remains below a maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrical response comprises a total energy across the electrical model. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of limiting comprises
attenuating the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the total energy across the electrical model remains below a maximum of the total energy across the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 8. The method of claim 5 wherein the step of limiting comprises:
setting the maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage equal to 1. 9. The method of claim 5 wherein the transducer comprises a Linear Resonant Actuator, LRA, and wherein the electrical model comprises an electrical model of a moving mass of the transducer, and wherein the step of determining the maximum back EMF voltage comprises:
measuring the voltage across the electrical model of the moving mass of the transducer as the stimulus input signal is input into the electrical model of the transducer; and
setting the maximum voltage reached in the step of measuring as the maximum back EMF voltage caused by the stimulus input signal. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical response comprises an inductor current in the electrical model. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of limiting comprises attenuating the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, an inductor current in the electrical model remains below the maximum inductor current in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a nominal resonance frequency associated with the transducer. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a signal in which the frequency is varied across a range of frequencies comprising the nominal resonance frequency. 14. A controller for providing excursion protection for a transducer comprising:
an input configured to receive a transducer signal; excursion limiting circuitry configured to limit the transducer signal or a signal derived therefrom to generate a limited transducer signal for driving the transducer such that an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in an electrical model of the transducer would be less than a threshold electrical response, wherein the threshold electrical response has been determined by: inputting a stimulus input signal into the electrical model of the transducer, wherein the stimulus input signal is designed to cause the transducer to reach a maximum excursion; and determining the threshold electrical response as a maximum of the electrical response caused by the stimulus input signal in the electrical model of the transducer. 15. The controller of claim 14 further comprising:
an electrical modelling block configured to determine an electrical response caused by the transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer; wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to limit a delayed version of the transducer signal to generate the limited transducer signal based on a comparison of the electrical response caused by the transducer signal with the threshold electrical response. 16. The controller of claim 14 further comprising:
an electrical modelling block configured to determine an electrical response caused by the limited transducer signal in the electrical model of the transducer;
a comparison block configured to compare the electrical response of the limited transducer signal to the threshold electrical response; wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to adjust the limitation of the transducer signal based on the comparison. 17. The controller of claim 14 wherein the electrical response comprises a representation of the back electromotive force, EMF, voltage in the electrical model. 18. The controller of claim 17 wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to:
attenuate the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal, such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model remains below a maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 19. The controller of claim 14 wherein the electrical response comprises a total energy across the electrical model. 20. The controller of claim 19 wherein excursion limiting circuitry is configured to:
attenuate the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, the total energy across the electrical model remains below a maximum of the total energy across the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 21. The controller of claim 18 wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to:
set the maximum of the representation of the back EMF voltage equal to 1. 22. The controller of claim 14 wherein the electrical response comprises an inductor current in the electrical model. 23. The controller of claim 22 wherein the excursion limiting circuitry is configured to: attenuate the transducer signal or the signal derived therefrom to generate the limited transducer signal such that when the limited transducer signal is input into the electrical model, an inductor current in the electrical model remains below the maximum inductor current in the electrical model caused by the stimulus input signal. 24. The controller of claim 14 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a nominal resonance frequency associated with the transducer. 25. The controller of claim 24 wherein the stimulus input signal comprises a signal in which the frequency is varied across a range of frequencies comprising the nominal resonance frequency. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein said electrical model comprises a first resistor, a first inductor, and a capacitor, all connected in parallel, and further comprises a second resistor and a second inductor, connected in series with the parallel connection of the first resistor, the first inductor, and the capacitor, the method comprising defining a first transfer function as a ratio of a current through the first inductor to an applied voltage. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising defining a second transfer function as a ratio of an excursion of said transducer to the applied voltage. | 3,600 |
343,575 | 16,803,032 | 2,874 | The method provided by the present disclosure is for manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon. The method of the present disclosure includes applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres. In addition, the plurality of optical fibres is arranged in linear manner Further, the matrix material has uniform thickness. The matrix material is applied throughout circumference of the plurality of optical fibres. The plurality of optical fibres along with the matrix material forms the optical fibre ribbon. Further, the plurality of optical fibres is characterized by a diameter. The diameter of the plurality of optical fibres is in range of about 150 micrometers to 180 micrometers. Each optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is colored optical fibre. | 1. A method for manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the plurality of optical fibres along with the matrix material forms the optical fibre ribbon; wherein optical fibre ribbon is one of a corrugated bendable optical fibre ribbon, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres is in range of about 150 micrometers to 179 micrometers. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres has a tolerance of ±1 micrometer. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is colored optical fibre. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the matrix material of an optical fibre ribbon has a thickness in range of about 20 micrometers to 60 micrometers on each side of the optical fibre. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has a height in range of about 190 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical fibres is aligned at a pitch in range of about 150 micrometers to 250 micrometers. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein optical fibre ribbon is one of a corrugated bendable optical fibre ribbon and an intermittently bonded optical fibre ribbon. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the matrix material may or may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein shape of the matrix material is one of a grooved shape or a flat shape. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 190 micrometers has, a width in range of about 2200 micrometers to 2300 micrometers. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 170 micrometers has, a width in range of about 2000 micrometers to 2100 micrometers. 11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 150 micrometers has, a width in range of about 1800 micrometers to 1900 micrometers. 12. A method for manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the plurality of optical fibres along with the matrix material forms the optical fibre ribbon, wherein optical fibre ribbon is one of a corrugated bendable optical fibre ribbon, wherein the height of the plurality of the optical fibre ribbon is in the range of about 190 micrometer to 300 micrometer. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres is in range of about 150 micrometers to 179 micrometers, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres has a tolerance of ±1 micrometer. 14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein optical fibres is a bare glass fibre which includes primary and secondary coating, wherein the diameter of the optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is in the range of about 150 micrometers to 179 micrometers, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres has a tolerance of ±1 micrometer. 15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein each optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is colored optical fibre. 16. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the matrix material of an optical fibre ribbon has a thickness in range of about 20 micrometers to 60 micrometers on each side of the optical fibre. 17. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the plurality of optical fibres is aligned at a pitch in range of about 150 micrometers to 250 micrometers. 18. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein optical fibre ribbon is an intermittently bonded optical fibre ribbon. 19. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the matrix material may or may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein shape of the matrix material is one of a grooved shape or a flat shape. 20. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 190 micrometers, has a width in range of about 2200 micrometers to 2300 micrometers. 21. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 170 micrometers, has a width in range of about 2000 micrometers to 2100 micrometers. 22. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 150 micrometers, has a width in range of about 1800 micrometers to 1900 micrometers. | The method provided by the present disclosure is for manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon. The method of the present disclosure includes applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres. In addition, the plurality of optical fibres is arranged in linear manner Further, the matrix material has uniform thickness. The matrix material is applied throughout circumference of the plurality of optical fibres. The plurality of optical fibres along with the matrix material forms the optical fibre ribbon. Further, the plurality of optical fibres is characterized by a diameter. The diameter of the plurality of optical fibres is in range of about 150 micrometers to 180 micrometers. Each optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is colored optical fibre.1. A method for manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the plurality of optical fibres along with the matrix material forms the optical fibre ribbon; wherein optical fibre ribbon is one of a corrugated bendable optical fibre ribbon, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres is in range of about 150 micrometers to 179 micrometers. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres has a tolerance of ±1 micrometer. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is colored optical fibre. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the matrix material of an optical fibre ribbon has a thickness in range of about 20 micrometers to 60 micrometers on each side of the optical fibre. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has a height in range of about 190 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical fibres is aligned at a pitch in range of about 150 micrometers to 250 micrometers. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein optical fibre ribbon is one of a corrugated bendable optical fibre ribbon and an intermittently bonded optical fibre ribbon. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the matrix material may or may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein shape of the matrix material is one of a grooved shape or a flat shape. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 190 micrometers has, a width in range of about 2200 micrometers to 2300 micrometers. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 170 micrometers has, a width in range of about 2000 micrometers to 2100 micrometers. 11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 150 micrometers has, a width in range of about 1800 micrometers to 1900 micrometers. 12. A method for manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the plurality of optical fibres along with the matrix material forms the optical fibre ribbon, wherein optical fibre ribbon is one of a corrugated bendable optical fibre ribbon, wherein the height of the plurality of the optical fibre ribbon is in the range of about 190 micrometer to 300 micrometer. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres is in range of about 150 micrometers to 179 micrometers, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres has a tolerance of ±1 micrometer. 14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein optical fibres is a bare glass fibre which includes primary and secondary coating, wherein the diameter of the optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is in the range of about 150 micrometers to 179 micrometers, wherein the diameter of the plurality of optical fibres has a tolerance of ±1 micrometer. 15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein each optical fibre of the plurality of optical fibres is colored optical fibre. 16. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the matrix material of an optical fibre ribbon has a thickness in range of about 20 micrometers to 60 micrometers on each side of the optical fibre. 17. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the plurality of optical fibres is aligned at a pitch in range of about 150 micrometers to 250 micrometers. 18. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein optical fibre ribbon is an intermittently bonded optical fibre ribbon. 19. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the matrix material may or may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein shape of the matrix material is one of a grooved shape or a flat shape. 20. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 190 micrometers, has a width in range of about 2200 micrometers to 2300 micrometers. 21. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 170 micrometers, has a width in range of about 2000 micrometers to 2100 micrometers. 22. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical fibre ribbon of 12 optical fibres with a diameter of 150 micrometers and a pitch of 150 micrometers, has a width in range of about 1800 micrometers to 1900 micrometers. | 2,800 |
343,576 | 16,803,018 | 2,874 | A device is configured for communications over an IP network. The device comprises a user interface, a memory interface for accessing information media files stored in a memory in the device or associated with the device, and a media file streamer. The device is configured to receive an instruction from the IP network during establishment of a call, during a call, or at termination of a call, the instruction identifying one or more of the media files. The device is configured to access the identified media file from the memory via the memory interface and to stream the identified media file to convey the information in the media file via the user interface. | 1. A method of operation by a wireless communication device, the method comprising:
selecting a media file stored in a memory of the wireless communication device, in response to receiving a local announcement instruction from an Internet Protocol (IP) network while the wireless communication device is engaged in a communication session over the IP network; and playing the selected media file via a user interface of the wireless communication device, for output to a user of the device as a local announcement. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device stores multiple media files, and where the selected media file is selected by the wireless communication device according to the local announcement instruction. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple media files correspond to different local announcements, wherein the local announcement instruction indicates a particular local announcement to be played, and wherein the method includes the wireless communication selecting, as the selected media file, the particular one among the multiple media files that corresponds to the particular local announcement. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the wireless communication device including an indication in communication session signaling sent from the wireless communication device to the IP network for conducting the communication session, the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is configured for making local announcements in conjunction with conducting IP-based communication sessions. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising sending, as the indication or in conjunction with sending the indication, information identifying media files stored in the memory, where each media file corresponds to a respective local announcement, to enable the IP network to identify which local announcements can be made by the wireless communication device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the media file from the IP network, either in advance of or in conjunction with conduct of the communication session. 7. A wireless communication device comprising:
memory; a user interface; and a processor configured to:
select a media file stored in the memory, in response to receiving a local announcement instruction from an Internet Protocol (IP) network while the wireless communication device is engaged in a communication session over the IP network; and
play the selected media file via the user interface, for output to a user of the device as a local announcement. 8. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the wireless communication device stores multiple media files, and where the retrieved media file is selected by the processor according to the local announcement instruction. 9. The wireless communication device of claim 8, wherein the multiple media files correspond to different local announcements, wherein the local announcement instruction indicates a particular local announcement to be played, and wherein the processor is configured to select, as the selected media file, the particular one among the multiple media files that corresponds to the particular local announcement. 10. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to include an indication in communication session signaling sent from the wireless communication device to the IP network for conducting the communication session, the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is configured for making local announcements in conjunction with conducting IP-based communication sessions. 11. The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to send, as the indication or in conjunction with sending the indication, information identifying media files stored in the memory, where each media file corresponds to a respective announcement, to enable the IP network to identify which local announcements can be made by the wireless communication device. 12. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to receive the media file from the IP network, either in advance of or in conjunction with conduct of the communication session. | A device is configured for communications over an IP network. The device comprises a user interface, a memory interface for accessing information media files stored in a memory in the device or associated with the device, and a media file streamer. The device is configured to receive an instruction from the IP network during establishment of a call, during a call, or at termination of a call, the instruction identifying one or more of the media files. The device is configured to access the identified media file from the memory via the memory interface and to stream the identified media file to convey the information in the media file via the user interface.1. A method of operation by a wireless communication device, the method comprising:
selecting a media file stored in a memory of the wireless communication device, in response to receiving a local announcement instruction from an Internet Protocol (IP) network while the wireless communication device is engaged in a communication session over the IP network; and playing the selected media file via a user interface of the wireless communication device, for output to a user of the device as a local announcement. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device stores multiple media files, and where the selected media file is selected by the wireless communication device according to the local announcement instruction. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple media files correspond to different local announcements, wherein the local announcement instruction indicates a particular local announcement to be played, and wherein the method includes the wireless communication selecting, as the selected media file, the particular one among the multiple media files that corresponds to the particular local announcement. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the wireless communication device including an indication in communication session signaling sent from the wireless communication device to the IP network for conducting the communication session, the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is configured for making local announcements in conjunction with conducting IP-based communication sessions. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising sending, as the indication or in conjunction with sending the indication, information identifying media files stored in the memory, where each media file corresponds to a respective local announcement, to enable the IP network to identify which local announcements can be made by the wireless communication device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the media file from the IP network, either in advance of or in conjunction with conduct of the communication session. 7. A wireless communication device comprising:
memory; a user interface; and a processor configured to:
select a media file stored in the memory, in response to receiving a local announcement instruction from an Internet Protocol (IP) network while the wireless communication device is engaged in a communication session over the IP network; and
play the selected media file via the user interface, for output to a user of the device as a local announcement. 8. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the wireless communication device stores multiple media files, and where the retrieved media file is selected by the processor according to the local announcement instruction. 9. The wireless communication device of claim 8, wherein the multiple media files correspond to different local announcements, wherein the local announcement instruction indicates a particular local announcement to be played, and wherein the processor is configured to select, as the selected media file, the particular one among the multiple media files that corresponds to the particular local announcement. 10. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to include an indication in communication session signaling sent from the wireless communication device to the IP network for conducting the communication session, the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is configured for making local announcements in conjunction with conducting IP-based communication sessions. 11. The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to send, as the indication or in conjunction with sending the indication, information identifying media files stored in the memory, where each media file corresponds to a respective announcement, to enable the IP network to identify which local announcements can be made by the wireless communication device. 12. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to receive the media file from the IP network, either in advance of or in conjunction with conduct of the communication session. | 2,800 |
343,577 | 16,803,022 | 2,874 | Speckle detection method, system, storage medium and computer program product are provided. The speckle detection method includes acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. | 1. A speckle detection method, comprising:
acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
selecting, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, a target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the pixels of the target pixel set as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixel of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
selecting reference pixels of first pixels from part of pixels of the to-be-processed image, a first pixel being any one of the remaining pixels of the to-be-processed image except the target pixel set, the pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the reference pixels are one or more pixels of part of the pixels that are closest to the first pixel; and determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a first preset condition, the first pixel as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixels satisfy the first preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels include pixels belonging to the target pixel set, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image; and determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels does not include the pixels belonging to the target pixel set, differences between pixel values of the first pixels and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixels; determining, if the differences between the pixel value of the first pixel and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a second preset condition, the first pixels as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixels and the pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy the second preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixel and a pixel value of any one of the reference pixels of the first pixel are greater than a preset threshold, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the reference pixels of a first pixel are pixels adjacent to the first pixel of the to-be-processed image. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
selecting adjacent pixels of each pixel in at least one pixel in the target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, the pixels in the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the adjacent pixels of each pixel as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pixels of the thumbnail image are part of pixels of the to-be-processed image, and the pixels in the target pixel set are same pixels as the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of an image data of the thumbnail image is smaller than a capacity of a memory, and before a speckle detection on the thumbnail image is performed, the method further comprises:
reading the thumbnail image into the memory; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image including:
performing the speckle detection on the thumbnail image in the memory. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
reading a first image block of the to-be-processed image from an external memory into a memory at one time; selecting a second image block corresponding to the first image block from the thumbnail image, the second image block including pixels of the thumbnail image obtained by down-sampling or sampling the first image block; and determining, according to the second image block, the speckled pixels of the first image block in the memory. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thumbnail image is a down-sampled image or a sampled image of the to-be-processed image. 12. An image processing system, comprising:
a memory for storing programs; and a processor for executing the programs stored in the memory, wherein when the programs are executed, the processor is configured to execute:
acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image;
performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and
determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
selecting, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, a target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the pixels of the target pixel set as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixel of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
selecting reference pixels of first pixels from part of pixels of the to-be-processed image, a first pixel being any one of the remaining pixels of the to-be-processed image except the target pixel set, the pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the reference pixels are one or more pixels of part of the pixels that are closest to the first pixel; and determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a first preset condition, the first pixel as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein for determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixels satisfy the first preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels include pixels belonging to the target pixel set, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image; and determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels does not include the pixels belonging to the target pixel set, differences between pixel values of the first pixels and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixels; determining, if the differences between the pixel value of the first pixel and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a second preset condition, the first pixels as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein for determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixels and the pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy the second preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixel and a pixel value of any one of the reference pixels of the first pixel are greater than a preset threshold, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, containing program instructions for a computer, when the program instructions being executed, to perform a method, the method comprising:
acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the computer is configured to perform:
selecting adjacent pixels of each pixel in at least one pixel in the target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, the pixels in the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the adjacent pixels of each pixel as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 19. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein a size of an image data of the thumbnail image is smaller than a capacity of a memory, and before a speckle detection on the thumbnail image is performed, the method comprises:
reading the thumbnail image into the memory; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image including:
performing the speckle detection on the thumbnail image in the memory. 20. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the computer is configured to perform:
reading a first image block of the to-be-processed image from an external memory into a memory at one time; selecting a second image block corresponding to the first image block from the thumbnail image, the second image block including pixels of the thumbnail image obtained by down-sampling or sampling the first image block; and determining, according to the second image block, the speckled pixels of the first image block in the memory. | Speckle detection method, system, storage medium and computer program product are provided. The speckle detection method includes acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image.1. A speckle detection method, comprising:
acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
selecting, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, a target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the pixels of the target pixel set as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixel of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
selecting reference pixels of first pixels from part of pixels of the to-be-processed image, a first pixel being any one of the remaining pixels of the to-be-processed image except the target pixel set, the pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the reference pixels are one or more pixels of part of the pixels that are closest to the first pixel; and determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a first preset condition, the first pixel as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixels satisfy the first preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels include pixels belonging to the target pixel set, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image; and determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels does not include the pixels belonging to the target pixel set, differences between pixel values of the first pixels and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixels; determining, if the differences between the pixel value of the first pixel and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a second preset condition, the first pixels as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixels and the pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy the second preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixel and a pixel value of any one of the reference pixels of the first pixel are greater than a preset threshold, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the reference pixels of a first pixel are pixels adjacent to the first pixel of the to-be-processed image. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
selecting adjacent pixels of each pixel in at least one pixel in the target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, the pixels in the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the adjacent pixels of each pixel as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pixels of the thumbnail image are part of pixels of the to-be-processed image, and the pixels in the target pixel set are same pixels as the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of an image data of the thumbnail image is smaller than a capacity of a memory, and before a speckle detection on the thumbnail image is performed, the method further comprises:
reading the thumbnail image into the memory; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image including:
performing the speckle detection on the thumbnail image in the memory. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image comprises:
reading a first image block of the to-be-processed image from an external memory into a memory at one time; selecting a second image block corresponding to the first image block from the thumbnail image, the second image block including pixels of the thumbnail image obtained by down-sampling or sampling the first image block; and determining, according to the second image block, the speckled pixels of the first image block in the memory. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thumbnail image is a down-sampled image or a sampled image of the to-be-processed image. 12. An image processing system, comprising:
a memory for storing programs; and a processor for executing the programs stored in the memory, wherein when the programs are executed, the processor is configured to execute:
acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image;
performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and
determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
selecting, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, a target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the pixels of the target pixel set as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixel of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
selecting reference pixels of first pixels from part of pixels of the to-be-processed image, a first pixel being any one of the remaining pixels of the to-be-processed image except the target pixel set, the pixels of the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the reference pixels are one or more pixels of part of the pixels that are closest to the first pixel; and determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a first preset condition, the first pixel as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein for determining, if the first pixels and the reference pixels of the first pixels satisfy the first preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels include pixels belonging to the target pixel set, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image; and determining, if the reference pixels of the first pixels does not include the pixels belonging to the target pixel set, differences between pixel values of the first pixels and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixels; determining, if the differences between the pixel value of the first pixel and pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy a second preset condition, the first pixels as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein for determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixels and the pixel values of the reference pixels of the first pixel satisfy the second preset condition, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the processor is configured to execute:
determining, if the differences between the pixel values of the first pixel and a pixel value of any one of the reference pixels of the first pixel are greater than a preset threshold, the first pixels as the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, containing program instructions for a computer, when the program instructions being executed, to perform a method, the method comprising:
acquiring a thumbnail image of a to-be-processed image; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image to obtain speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the computer is configured to perform:
selecting adjacent pixels of each pixel in at least one pixel in the target pixel set from the to-be-processed image, the pixels in the target pixel set being pixels having a corresponding relationship with the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image; and determining the adjacent pixels of each pixel as speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image. 19. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein a size of an image data of the thumbnail image is smaller than a capacity of a memory, and before a speckle detection on the thumbnail image is performed, the method comprises:
reading the thumbnail image into the memory; performing a speckle detection on the thumbnail image including:
performing the speckle detection on the thumbnail image in the memory. 20. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein for determining, according to the speckled pixels of the thumbnail image, the speckled pixels of the to-be-processed image, the computer is configured to perform:
reading a first image block of the to-be-processed image from an external memory into a memory at one time; selecting a second image block corresponding to the first image block from the thumbnail image, the second image block including pixels of the thumbnail image obtained by down-sampling or sampling the first image block; and determining, according to the second image block, the speckled pixels of the first image block in the memory. | 2,800 |
343,578 | 16,802,975 | 2,874 | Disclosed is a system and method for reducing the total latency for transferring a frame from the low latency camera system mounted on an aerial vehicle to the display of the remote controller. The method includes reducing the latency through each of the modules of the system, i.e. through a camera module, an encoder module, a wireless interface transmission, wireless interface receiver module, a decoder module and a display module. To reduce the latency across the modules, methods such as overclocking the image processor, pipelining the frame, squashing the processed frame, using a fast hardware encoder that can perform slice based encoding, tuning the wireless medium using queue sizing, queue flushing, bitrate feedback, physical medium rate feedback, dynamic encoder parameter tuning and wireless radio parameter adjustment, using a fast hardware decoder that can perform slice based decoding and overclocking the display module are used. | 1. A method for pipelining a frame over a low latency camera system, the method comprising:
overclocking an image processor pipeline, the overclocking to increase an operating frequency of an image processor of the low latency camera system such that there is idle image processor time between frames; performing one or more image processing operations by the image processor on at least one frame during the idle image processor time between frames; forwarding the processed frame from a first pipeline stage to a second pipeline stage of the image processor that includes a plurality of pipeline stages; squashing image data of the processed frame, wherein the squashing comprises aligning an external interface in the image processor pipeline to when data is ready from the image processor pipeline to avoid buffering; encoding the processed frame by an encoder; and transmitting the encoded frame to a wireless interface for transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more image processing operations includes at least one of sharpening, compression, color conversion, performing a Bayer transformation, demosaicing, noise reduction, image stabilization, or rolling shutter artifact reduction. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline and the squashing of the image data is performed to reduce the latency by at least one frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the squashing is performed in response to detecting an input/output interface and to reduce the size of the image data without losing image information, further wherein a clock of the input/output interface is distinct from a clock of the image processor. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing the one or more image processing operations on one or more unprocessed frames in each of the plurality of pipeline stages. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the processed frame in memory of the low latency camera system. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing one or more preprocessing operations by the image processor on the processed frame, the one or more preprocessing operations including at least one of scaling, resizing, or cropping. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein encoding the processed frame by an encoder comprises:
performing one or more image encoding operations on the preprocessed frame by the encoder, the one or more image encoding operations including slice based encoding that encodes input frames when a slice of the preprocessed frame is available to reduce the latency associated with an input buffer. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions, the instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to:
overclock an image processor pipeline to increase an operating frequency of an image processor of a low latency camera system such that there is idle image processor time between frames; perform one or more image processing operations by the image processor on at least one frame during the idle image processor time between frames; forward the processed frame from a first pipeline stage to a second pipeline stage of the image processor that includes a plurality of pipeline stages; squash image data of the processed frame by aligning an external interface in the image processor pipeline to when data is ready from the image processor pipeline to avoid buffering; encode the processed frame by an encoder; and transmit the encoded frame to a wireless interface for transmission. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the one or more image processing operations includes at least one of sharpening, compression, color conversion, performing a Bayer transformation, demosaicing, noise reduction, image stabilization, or rolling shutter artifact reduction. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline and the squashing of the image data is performed to reduce the latency by at least one frame. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the squashing is performed in response to detecting an input/output interface, further wherein a clock of the input/output interface is different from a clock of the image processor. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, the instructions when executed by the processor further causing the processor to:
perform the one or more image processing operations on one or more unprocessed frames in each of the plurality of pipeline stages. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, the instructions when executed by the processor further causing the processor to:
store the processed frame in memory of the low latency camera system. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline drops a frame of the one or more unprocessed frames to increase the operating frequency. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline increases idle time of the image processor. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, the instructions when executed by the processor further causing the processor to:
perform one or more preprocessing operations by the image processor on the processed frame, the one or more preprocessing operations including at least one of scaling, resizing, or cropping. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein to encode the processed frame by an encoder comprises to:
perform one or more image encoding operations on the preprocessed frame by the encoder, the one or more image encoding operations including slice based encoding that encodes input frames when a slice of the preprocessed frame is available to reduce the latency associated with an input buffer. 19. A low latency video pipelining system, comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored on the memory to:
overclock an image processor pipeline to increase an operating frequency of an image processor of a low latency camera system such that there is idle image processor time between frames;
perform one or more image processing operations by the image processor on at least one frame during the idle image processor time between frames;
forward the processed frame from a first pipeline stage to a second pipeline stage of the image processor that includes a plurality of pipeline stages;
squash image data of the processed frame by aligning an external interface in the image processor pipeline to when data is ready from the image processor pipeline to avoid buffering;
encode the processed frame by an encoder; and
transmit the encoded frame to a wireless interface for transmission. 20. The low latency video pipelining system of claim 19, wherein the encoder is a fast encoder comprising a hardware encoder. | Disclosed is a system and method for reducing the total latency for transferring a frame from the low latency camera system mounted on an aerial vehicle to the display of the remote controller. The method includes reducing the latency through each of the modules of the system, i.e. through a camera module, an encoder module, a wireless interface transmission, wireless interface receiver module, a decoder module and a display module. To reduce the latency across the modules, methods such as overclocking the image processor, pipelining the frame, squashing the processed frame, using a fast hardware encoder that can perform slice based encoding, tuning the wireless medium using queue sizing, queue flushing, bitrate feedback, physical medium rate feedback, dynamic encoder parameter tuning and wireless radio parameter adjustment, using a fast hardware decoder that can perform slice based decoding and overclocking the display module are used.1. A method for pipelining a frame over a low latency camera system, the method comprising:
overclocking an image processor pipeline, the overclocking to increase an operating frequency of an image processor of the low latency camera system such that there is idle image processor time between frames; performing one or more image processing operations by the image processor on at least one frame during the idle image processor time between frames; forwarding the processed frame from a first pipeline stage to a second pipeline stage of the image processor that includes a plurality of pipeline stages; squashing image data of the processed frame, wherein the squashing comprises aligning an external interface in the image processor pipeline to when data is ready from the image processor pipeline to avoid buffering; encoding the processed frame by an encoder; and transmitting the encoded frame to a wireless interface for transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more image processing operations includes at least one of sharpening, compression, color conversion, performing a Bayer transformation, demosaicing, noise reduction, image stabilization, or rolling shutter artifact reduction. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline and the squashing of the image data is performed to reduce the latency by at least one frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the squashing is performed in response to detecting an input/output interface and to reduce the size of the image data without losing image information, further wherein a clock of the input/output interface is distinct from a clock of the image processor. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing the one or more image processing operations on one or more unprocessed frames in each of the plurality of pipeline stages. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the processed frame in memory of the low latency camera system. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing one or more preprocessing operations by the image processor on the processed frame, the one or more preprocessing operations including at least one of scaling, resizing, or cropping. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein encoding the processed frame by an encoder comprises:
performing one or more image encoding operations on the preprocessed frame by the encoder, the one or more image encoding operations including slice based encoding that encodes input frames when a slice of the preprocessed frame is available to reduce the latency associated with an input buffer. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions, the instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to:
overclock an image processor pipeline to increase an operating frequency of an image processor of a low latency camera system such that there is idle image processor time between frames; perform one or more image processing operations by the image processor on at least one frame during the idle image processor time between frames; forward the processed frame from a first pipeline stage to a second pipeline stage of the image processor that includes a plurality of pipeline stages; squash image data of the processed frame by aligning an external interface in the image processor pipeline to when data is ready from the image processor pipeline to avoid buffering; encode the processed frame by an encoder; and transmit the encoded frame to a wireless interface for transmission. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the one or more image processing operations includes at least one of sharpening, compression, color conversion, performing a Bayer transformation, demosaicing, noise reduction, image stabilization, or rolling shutter artifact reduction. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline and the squashing of the image data is performed to reduce the latency by at least one frame. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the squashing is performed in response to detecting an input/output interface, further wherein a clock of the input/output interface is different from a clock of the image processor. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, the instructions when executed by the processor further causing the processor to:
perform the one or more image processing operations on one or more unprocessed frames in each of the plurality of pipeline stages. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, the instructions when executed by the processor further causing the processor to:
store the processed frame in memory of the low latency camera system. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline drops a frame of the one or more unprocessed frames to increase the operating frequency. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the overclocking of the image processor pipeline increases idle time of the image processor. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, the instructions when executed by the processor further causing the processor to:
perform one or more preprocessing operations by the image processor on the processed frame, the one or more preprocessing operations including at least one of scaling, resizing, or cropping. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein to encode the processed frame by an encoder comprises to:
perform one or more image encoding operations on the preprocessed frame by the encoder, the one or more image encoding operations including slice based encoding that encodes input frames when a slice of the preprocessed frame is available to reduce the latency associated with an input buffer. 19. A low latency video pipelining system, comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored on the memory to:
overclock an image processor pipeline to increase an operating frequency of an image processor of a low latency camera system such that there is idle image processor time between frames;
perform one or more image processing operations by the image processor on at least one frame during the idle image processor time between frames;
forward the processed frame from a first pipeline stage to a second pipeline stage of the image processor that includes a plurality of pipeline stages;
squash image data of the processed frame by aligning an external interface in the image processor pipeline to when data is ready from the image processor pipeline to avoid buffering;
encode the processed frame by an encoder; and
transmit the encoded frame to a wireless interface for transmission. 20. The low latency video pipelining system of claim 19, wherein the encoder is a fast encoder comprising a hardware encoder. | 2,800 |
343,579 | 16,802,967 | 2,874 | A haptic alert mechanism. The mechanism includes an actuator. At least one arm of a movable stopping piece is connected to the actuator. A spring box is provided with an enclosure containing a pre-stressed torsion spring, said spring box being mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation. The enclosure includes at least one lug that is mounted to be movable in rotation about said axis of rotation. A finger of the torsion spring passes through an elongate orifice in a front flank of the enclosure to form a movable, resilient stop that is overridable. | 1. A haptic alert mechanism configured to exert a force on a lever in order to indicate tactilely that an operating limit has been exceeded, the mechanism comprising an actuator;
wherein the mechanism further comprises: at least one arm of a movable stopping piece, the arm being caused to move in rotation about an axis of rotation by the actuator; and a spring box provided with an enclosure inside which a pre-stressed torsion spring is arranged, the spring box being mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation, the enclosure including at least one lug that is mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation, the enclosure having a front flank, the torsion spring extending from a first end that is secured to the enclosure to a finger, the finger passing through an elongate orifice in the front flank and extending in part outside the enclosure by forming a movable, resilient stop that is overridable and adjustable, the mechanism having a rest position for the finger about the axis of rotation in the absence of any force exerted on the finger by the lever, which rest position is adjustable by moving the stopping piece, the rest position representing the operating limit when the lug is in contact with the at least one arm, the finger being movable in the orifice by compressing the torsion spring when the lever exerts a force on the finger with a view to overriding the operating limit. 2. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the orifice is an oblong hole centered on the axis of rotation. 3. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the finger is mounted to be movable in the orifice over a path from and including a first edge of the orifice to but not including a second edge of the orifice, the finger being pressed against the first edge in the absence of any force exerted on the finger by the lever, a clearance always separating the finger from the second edge of the orifice. 4. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the pre-stressing of the torsion spring is not adjustable. 5. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the actuator is provided with a rotary portion and with a non-rotary portion, the actuator having a brake configured to hold the rotary portion stationary relative to the non-rotary portion. 6. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the actuator is provided with a rotary portion that is mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation and that is connected to the at least one arm. 7. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one arm comprises at least two arms carried by a hub fastened to the actuator, the at least one lug comprising one lug per arm. 8. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one arm includes a yoke provided with two cheeks, the at least one lug being arranged between the two cheeks. 9. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the mechanism further includes a body that is mounted to be constrained not to move in rotation about an axis of rotation, the body carrying at least one stop member that is constrained not to move in rotation about the axis of rotation and that limits the amplitude of rotation of the at least one lug by shape interference. 10. The mechanism according to claim 9,
wherein the body is disposed at least partially around the actuator, the stop member extending radially relative to the axis of rotation and away from the actuator, the spring box being mounted to pivot about the body. 11. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the enclosure comprises: a first component comprising a rear flank carrying first branches, each first branch extending from the rear flank in an axial direction, the first end being fastened to the first component; a second component provided with a ring carrying one second branch per first branch, the torsion spring extending in part inside a space arranged radially between the first branches and longitudinally between the rear flank and the ring, each second branch extending from the ring parallel to a first branch and away from the space, each second branch forming a lug of the at least one lug at least in part, the finger passing through the ring and projecting longitudinally relative to planes containing free ends of the first branches and of the second branches; and a bearing passing through the rear flank and the torsion spring and the ring, the bearing carrying the front flank, the front flank having one notch per lug, and each lug being arranged in one of the notches. 12. The mechanism according to claim 11,
wherein the mechanism further includes a body that is mounted to be constrained not to move in rotation about an axis of rotation, the body carrying at least one stop member that is constrained not to move in rotation about the axis of rotation and that limits the amplitude of rotation of a lug by shape interference and wherein the stop member is arranged longitudinally between the front flank and the at least one arm. 13. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the mechanism further comprises a contactor that detects contact between the finger and the lever. 14. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the operating limit may be at least one of the following limits: a limit for a power plant of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a load factor exerted on an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a vortex domain of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a maximum air speed of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a speed of rotation of a main rotor, and a limit for a mast moment for a rotor of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism. 15. An aircraft equipped with a rotor and with a lever of a collective pitch control that is connected to a control linkage for collectively controlling a pitch of blades of the rotor;
wherein the aircraft includes the mechanism according to claim 1, the aircraft including a computer connected to the actuator, the computer being configured to establish the operating limit and transmitting a control signal to the actuator so that the lever comes into contact with the finger when the operating limit is reached. 16. A method of assisting with controlling the aircraft according to claim 15,
wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining with the computer of an operating limit for the aircraft; transmitting with the computer to the actuator a control signal carrying information relating to the rest position that the finger should reach in the absence of any force exerted by the lever on the finger; moving the actuator so as to position the finger in the rest position; and overriding the operating limit by exerting a force on the finger with the lever, the finger generating torque on the lever that increases as the finger moves away from the rest position. | A haptic alert mechanism. The mechanism includes an actuator. At least one arm of a movable stopping piece is connected to the actuator. A spring box is provided with an enclosure containing a pre-stressed torsion spring, said spring box being mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation. The enclosure includes at least one lug that is mounted to be movable in rotation about said axis of rotation. A finger of the torsion spring passes through an elongate orifice in a front flank of the enclosure to form a movable, resilient stop that is overridable.1. A haptic alert mechanism configured to exert a force on a lever in order to indicate tactilely that an operating limit has been exceeded, the mechanism comprising an actuator;
wherein the mechanism further comprises: at least one arm of a movable stopping piece, the arm being caused to move in rotation about an axis of rotation by the actuator; and a spring box provided with an enclosure inside which a pre-stressed torsion spring is arranged, the spring box being mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation, the enclosure including at least one lug that is mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation, the enclosure having a front flank, the torsion spring extending from a first end that is secured to the enclosure to a finger, the finger passing through an elongate orifice in the front flank and extending in part outside the enclosure by forming a movable, resilient stop that is overridable and adjustable, the mechanism having a rest position for the finger about the axis of rotation in the absence of any force exerted on the finger by the lever, which rest position is adjustable by moving the stopping piece, the rest position representing the operating limit when the lug is in contact with the at least one arm, the finger being movable in the orifice by compressing the torsion spring when the lever exerts a force on the finger with a view to overriding the operating limit. 2. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the orifice is an oblong hole centered on the axis of rotation. 3. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the finger is mounted to be movable in the orifice over a path from and including a first edge of the orifice to but not including a second edge of the orifice, the finger being pressed against the first edge in the absence of any force exerted on the finger by the lever, a clearance always separating the finger from the second edge of the orifice. 4. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the pre-stressing of the torsion spring is not adjustable. 5. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the actuator is provided with a rotary portion and with a non-rotary portion, the actuator having a brake configured to hold the rotary portion stationary relative to the non-rotary portion. 6. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the actuator is provided with a rotary portion that is mounted to be movable in rotation about the axis of rotation and that is connected to the at least one arm. 7. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one arm comprises at least two arms carried by a hub fastened to the actuator, the at least one lug comprising one lug per arm. 8. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one arm includes a yoke provided with two cheeks, the at least one lug being arranged between the two cheeks. 9. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the mechanism further includes a body that is mounted to be constrained not to move in rotation about an axis of rotation, the body carrying at least one stop member that is constrained not to move in rotation about the axis of rotation and that limits the amplitude of rotation of the at least one lug by shape interference. 10. The mechanism according to claim 9,
wherein the body is disposed at least partially around the actuator, the stop member extending radially relative to the axis of rotation and away from the actuator, the spring box being mounted to pivot about the body. 11. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the enclosure comprises: a first component comprising a rear flank carrying first branches, each first branch extending from the rear flank in an axial direction, the first end being fastened to the first component; a second component provided with a ring carrying one second branch per first branch, the torsion spring extending in part inside a space arranged radially between the first branches and longitudinally between the rear flank and the ring, each second branch extending from the ring parallel to a first branch and away from the space, each second branch forming a lug of the at least one lug at least in part, the finger passing through the ring and projecting longitudinally relative to planes containing free ends of the first branches and of the second branches; and a bearing passing through the rear flank and the torsion spring and the ring, the bearing carrying the front flank, the front flank having one notch per lug, and each lug being arranged in one of the notches. 12. The mechanism according to claim 11,
wherein the mechanism further includes a body that is mounted to be constrained not to move in rotation about an axis of rotation, the body carrying at least one stop member that is constrained not to move in rotation about the axis of rotation and that limits the amplitude of rotation of a lug by shape interference and wherein the stop member is arranged longitudinally between the front flank and the at least one arm. 13. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the mechanism further comprises a contactor that detects contact between the finger and the lever. 14. The mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the operating limit may be at least one of the following limits: a limit for a power plant of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a load factor exerted on an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a vortex domain of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a maximum air speed of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism, a limit for a speed of rotation of a main rotor, and a limit for a mast moment for a rotor of an aircraft equipped with the mechanism. 15. An aircraft equipped with a rotor and with a lever of a collective pitch control that is connected to a control linkage for collectively controlling a pitch of blades of the rotor;
wherein the aircraft includes the mechanism according to claim 1, the aircraft including a computer connected to the actuator, the computer being configured to establish the operating limit and transmitting a control signal to the actuator so that the lever comes into contact with the finger when the operating limit is reached. 16. A method of assisting with controlling the aircraft according to claim 15,
wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining with the computer of an operating limit for the aircraft; transmitting with the computer to the actuator a control signal carrying information relating to the rest position that the finger should reach in the absence of any force exerted by the lever on the finger; moving the actuator so as to position the finger in the rest position; and overriding the operating limit by exerting a force on the finger with the lever, the finger generating torque on the lever that increases as the finger moves away from the rest position. | 2,800 |
343,580 | 16,802,970 | 2,874 | A system detects multiple instances of an object in a digital image by receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment. For example, the system may receive the 2D image from a camera or other sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV). The system uses a first object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted object instances in the image. The system then receives a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment. The data set may be received, for example, from a stereo camera of an AV, and the depth information may be in the form of a disparity map. The system may use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted object instances in the image. | 1. A method of detecting multiple instances of an object in a digital image, the method comprising, by a processor:
receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; using a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; accessing a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the 2D image comprises receiving the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and receiving the data set comprises receiving the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein receiving the 2D image comprises receiving one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprises using a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprises:
projecting the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and removing a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-projecting the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generating a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generating a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generating a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprises:
fusing the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fusing the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and using the final mask scores to select the final mask. 9. A system for detecting multiple instances of an object in an image, the system comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable memory containing programming instructions that are configured to cause the processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment;
use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image;
access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and
use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera of the AV; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 14. The system of claim 9, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the processor is a component of the AV; the first sensing modality comprises either a right side or a left side of a stereo camera of the AV; and the second sensing modality comprises the right side and the left side of the stereo camera. 18. A computer program embodied in a memory device, the computer program comprising programming instructions that are configured to cause a processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 19. The computer program of claim 18, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 20. The computer program of claim 19, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 21. The computer program of claim 20, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 22. The computer program of claim 19, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 23. The computer program of claim 19, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 24. The computer program of claim 23, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. | A system detects multiple instances of an object in a digital image by receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment. For example, the system may receive the 2D image from a camera or other sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV). The system uses a first object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted object instances in the image. The system then receives a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment. The data set may be received, for example, from a stereo camera of an AV, and the depth information may be in the form of a disparity map. The system may use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted object instances in the image.1. A method of detecting multiple instances of an object in a digital image, the method comprising, by a processor:
receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; using a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; accessing a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the 2D image comprises receiving the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and receiving the data set comprises receiving the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein receiving the 2D image comprises receiving one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprises using a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprises:
projecting the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and removing a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-projecting the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generating a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generating a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generating a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprises:
fusing the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fusing the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and using the final mask scores to select the final mask. 9. A system for detecting multiple instances of an object in an image, the system comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable memory containing programming instructions that are configured to cause the processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment;
use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image;
access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and
use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera of the AV; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 14. The system of claim 9, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the processor is a component of the AV; the first sensing modality comprises either a right side or a left side of a stereo camera of the AV; and the second sensing modality comprises the right side and the left side of the stereo camera. 18. A computer program embodied in a memory device, the computer program comprising programming instructions that are configured to cause a processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 19. The computer program of claim 18, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 20. The computer program of claim 19, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 21. The computer program of claim 20, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 22. The computer program of claim 19, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 23. The computer program of claim 19, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 24. The computer program of claim 23, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. | 2,800 |
343,581 | 16,802,983 | 2,874 | A system detects multiple instances of an object in a digital image by receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment. For example, the system may receive the 2D image from a camera or other sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV). The system uses a first object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted object instances in the image. The system then receives a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment. The data set may be received, for example, from a stereo camera of an AV, and the depth information may be in the form of a disparity map. The system may use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted object instances in the image. | 1. A method of detecting multiple instances of an object in a digital image, the method comprising, by a processor:
receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; using a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; accessing a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the 2D image comprises receiving the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and receiving the data set comprises receiving the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein receiving the 2D image comprises receiving one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprises using a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprises:
projecting the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and removing a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-projecting the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generating a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generating a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generating a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprises:
fusing the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fusing the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and using the final mask scores to select the final mask. 9. A system for detecting multiple instances of an object in an image, the system comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable memory containing programming instructions that are configured to cause the processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment;
use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image;
access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and
use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera of the AV; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 14. The system of claim 9, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the processor is a component of the AV; the first sensing modality comprises either a right side or a left side of a stereo camera of the AV; and the second sensing modality comprises the right side and the left side of the stereo camera. 18. A computer program embodied in a memory device, the computer program comprising programming instructions that are configured to cause a processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 19. The computer program of claim 18, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 20. The computer program of claim 19, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 21. The computer program of claim 20, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 22. The computer program of claim 19, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 23. The computer program of claim 19, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 24. The computer program of claim 23, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. | A system detects multiple instances of an object in a digital image by receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment. For example, the system may receive the 2D image from a camera or other sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV). The system uses a first object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted object instances in the image. The system then receives a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment. The data set may be received, for example, from a stereo camera of an AV, and the depth information may be in the form of a disparity map. The system may use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted object instances in the image.1. A method of detecting multiple instances of an object in a digital image, the method comprising, by a processor:
receiving a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; using a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; accessing a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the 2D image comprises receiving the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and receiving the data set comprises receiving the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein receiving the 2D image comprises receiving one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprises using a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein using the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprises:
projecting the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and removing a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-projecting the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generating a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generating a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generating a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein using the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprises:
fusing the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fusing the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and using the final mask scores to select the final mask. 9. A system for detecting multiple instances of an object in an image, the system comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable memory containing programming instructions that are configured to cause the processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment;
use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image;
access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and
use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera of the AV; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 14. The system of claim 9, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the processor is a component of the AV; the first sensing modality comprises either a right side or a left side of a stereo camera of the AV; and the second sensing modality comprises the right side and the left side of the stereo camera. 18. A computer program embodied in a memory device, the computer program comprising programming instructions that are configured to cause a processor to:
receive a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes a plurality of instances of an object in an environment; use a object detection network to generate a plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; access a data set that comprises depth information corresponding to the plurality of instances of the object in the environment; and use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image. 19. The computer program of claim 18, wherein:
the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive the 2D image from a first sensing modality of an autonomous vehicle (AV); and the instructions to receive the data set comprise instructions to receive the data set from a second sensing modality of the AV. 20. The computer program of claim 19, wherein
the second sensing modality comprises a stereo camera; and the data set that comprises depth information comprises a disparity map that is to be generated from an image pair captured by the stereo camera. 21. The computer program of claim 20, wherein the instructions to receive the 2D image comprise instructions to receive one image from the image pair captured by the stereo camera. 22. The computer program of claim 19, wherein the instructions to use the object detection network to generate the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the image comprise instructions to use a region proposal network to output a plurality of bounding box proposals. 23. The computer program of claim 19, further comprising additional programming instructions to generate the data set that comprises depth information by:
receiving a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera; and estimating a disparity map from the stereo image pair. 24. The computer program of claim 23, wherein the instructions to use the depth information to identify an individual instance from the plurality of predicted instances of the object in the 2D image comprise instructions to;
project the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image to the disparity map and remove a plurality of predicted 2.5D masks from the disparity map to yield a cropped disparity map; back-project the removed candidate masks to a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate space to yield a plurality of predicted 3D masks; generate a first score for each of the predicted instances of the object in the 2D image; generate a second score for each of the predicted 2.5D masks; generate a third score for each of the predicted 3D masks; and use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict a final mask. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the instructions to use the first scores, the second scores and the third scores to predict the final mask comprise instructions to:
fuse the second scores and the third scores to generate a disparity mask score for each of a plurality of candidate final masks; fuse the disparity mask scores with the first scores to generate plurality of predicted final mask scores; and use the final mask scores to select the final mask. | 2,800 |
343,582 | 16,803,008 | 2,874 | A computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for recommending a template or a dataset. A descriptor (input descriptor) of the input, corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard template, is extracted or fetched. The input descriptor may be the descriptor of the dataset which includes topics and concept combinations. Alternatively, the input descriptor may be the descriptor of the dashboard template which includes topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings. Scores are then generated for the candidate targets, corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets, based on one or more of the following: matching topics in the input descriptor with topics in the candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in the input descriptor with concept combinations in the candidate target descriptors, and determining compatibility of the datasets with the dashboard templates. Dashboard template(s) or dataset(s) are then recommended based on the generated scores for the candidate targets. | 1. A computer-implemented method for recommending a template or a dataset, the method comprising:
extracting or fetching a descriptor of an input corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard or a dashboard template, wherein said descriptor of said dataset comprises topics and concept combinations, wherein said descriptor of said dashboard template comprises topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings; generating scores for candidate targets corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets based on one or more of the following: matching topics in said input descriptor with topics in candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in said input descriptor with concept combinations in said candidate target descriptors and compatibility of said datasets with said dashboard templates; and presenting one or more of said dashboard templates or one or more of said datasets to a user's computing device based on said scores for said candidate targets. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
comparing domain concepts of said input descriptor with domain concepts of said candidate target descriptors. 3. The method as recited in claim 2 further comprising:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept of said input descriptor. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
comparing domain concept combinations of said input descriptor with domain concept combinations of said candidate target descriptors. 5. The method as recited in claim 4 further comprising:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept combination of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept combination of said input descriptor. 6. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
scoring compatibility of concept combinations in said dashboard template descriptor against said dataset. 7. The method as recited in claim 6 further comprising:
scoring compatibility of column combinations of data in said dataset against visualizations of said dashboard template. 8. A computer program product for recommending a template or a dataset, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage mediums having program code embodied therewith, the program code comprising the programming instructions for:
extracting or fetching a descriptor of an input corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard or a dashboard template, wherein said descriptor of said dataset comprises topics and concept combinations, wherein said descriptor of said dashboard template comprises topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings; generating scores for candidate targets corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets based on one or more of the following: matching topics in said input descriptor with topics in candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in said input descriptor with concept combinations in said candidate target descriptors and compatibility of said datasets with said dashboard templates; and presenting one or more of said dashboard templates or one or more of said datasets to a user's computing device based on said scores for said candidate targets. 9. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
comparing domain concepts of said input descriptor with domain concepts of said candidate target descriptors. 10. The computer program product as recited in claim 9, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept of said input descriptor. 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
comparing domain concept combinations of said input descriptor with domain concept combinations of said candidate target descriptors. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept combination of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept combination of said input descriptor. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
scoring compatibility of concept combinations in said dashboard template descriptor against said dataset. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 13, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
scoring compatibility of column combinations of data in said dataset against visualizations of said dashboard template. 15. A system, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program for recommending a template or a dataset; and a processor connected to said memory, wherein said processor is configured to execute the program instructions of the computer program comprising:
extracting or fetching a descriptor of an input corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard or a dashboard template, wherein said descriptor of said dataset comprises topics and concept combinations, wherein said descriptor of said dashboard template comprises topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings;
generating scores for candidate targets corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets based on one or more of the following: matching topics in said input descriptor with topics in candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in said input descriptor with concept combinations in said candidate target descriptors and compatibility of said datasets with said dashboard templates; and
presenting one or more of said dashboard templates or one or more of said datasets to a user's computing device based on said scores for said candidate targets. 16. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
comparing domain concepts of said input descriptor with domain concepts of said candidate target descriptors. 17. The system as recited in claim 16, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept of said input descriptor. 18. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
comparing domain concept combinations of said input descriptor with domain concept combinations of said candidate target descriptors. 19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept combination of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept combination of said input descriptor. 20. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
scoring compatibility of concept combinations in said dashboard template descriptor against said dataset. | A computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for recommending a template or a dataset. A descriptor (input descriptor) of the input, corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard template, is extracted or fetched. The input descriptor may be the descriptor of the dataset which includes topics and concept combinations. Alternatively, the input descriptor may be the descriptor of the dashboard template which includes topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings. Scores are then generated for the candidate targets, corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets, based on one or more of the following: matching topics in the input descriptor with topics in the candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in the input descriptor with concept combinations in the candidate target descriptors, and determining compatibility of the datasets with the dashboard templates. Dashboard template(s) or dataset(s) are then recommended based on the generated scores for the candidate targets.1. A computer-implemented method for recommending a template or a dataset, the method comprising:
extracting or fetching a descriptor of an input corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard or a dashboard template, wherein said descriptor of said dataset comprises topics and concept combinations, wherein said descriptor of said dashboard template comprises topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings; generating scores for candidate targets corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets based on one or more of the following: matching topics in said input descriptor with topics in candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in said input descriptor with concept combinations in said candidate target descriptors and compatibility of said datasets with said dashboard templates; and presenting one or more of said dashboard templates or one or more of said datasets to a user's computing device based on said scores for said candidate targets. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
comparing domain concepts of said input descriptor with domain concepts of said candidate target descriptors. 3. The method as recited in claim 2 further comprising:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept of said input descriptor. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
comparing domain concept combinations of said input descriptor with domain concept combinations of said candidate target descriptors. 5. The method as recited in claim 4 further comprising:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept combination of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept combination of said input descriptor. 6. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
scoring compatibility of concept combinations in said dashboard template descriptor against said dataset. 7. The method as recited in claim 6 further comprising:
scoring compatibility of column combinations of data in said dataset against visualizations of said dashboard template. 8. A computer program product for recommending a template or a dataset, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage mediums having program code embodied therewith, the program code comprising the programming instructions for:
extracting or fetching a descriptor of an input corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard or a dashboard template, wherein said descriptor of said dataset comprises topics and concept combinations, wherein said descriptor of said dashboard template comprises topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings; generating scores for candidate targets corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets based on one or more of the following: matching topics in said input descriptor with topics in candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in said input descriptor with concept combinations in said candidate target descriptors and compatibility of said datasets with said dashboard templates; and presenting one or more of said dashboard templates or one or more of said datasets to a user's computing device based on said scores for said candidate targets. 9. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
comparing domain concepts of said input descriptor with domain concepts of said candidate target descriptors. 10. The computer program product as recited in claim 9, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept of said input descriptor. 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
comparing domain concept combinations of said input descriptor with domain concept combinations of said candidate target descriptors. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept combination of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept combination of said input descriptor. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
scoring compatibility of concept combinations in said dashboard template descriptor against said dataset. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 13, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
scoring compatibility of column combinations of data in said dataset against visualizations of said dashboard template. 15. A system, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program for recommending a template or a dataset; and a processor connected to said memory, wherein said processor is configured to execute the program instructions of the computer program comprising:
extracting or fetching a descriptor of an input corresponding to a dataset or a dashboard or a dashboard template, wherein said descriptor of said dataset comprises topics and concept combinations, wherein said descriptor of said dashboard template comprises topics, concept combinations and column-to-visualization mappings;
generating scores for candidate targets corresponding to dashboard templates or datasets based on one or more of the following: matching topics in said input descriptor with topics in candidate target descriptors, matching concept combinations in said input descriptor with concept combinations in said candidate target descriptors and compatibility of said datasets with said dashboard templates; and
presenting one or more of said dashboard templates or one or more of said datasets to a user's computing device based on said scores for said candidate targets. 16. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
comparing domain concepts of said input descriptor with domain concepts of said candidate target descriptors. 17. The system as recited in claim 16, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept of said input descriptor. 18. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
comparing domain concept combinations of said input descriptor with domain concept combinations of said candidate target descriptors. 19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
traversing a concept hierarchy to identify a domain concept combination of said candidate target descriptors that most closely matches a domain concept combination of said input descriptor. 20. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprise:
scoring compatibility of concept combinations in said dashboard template descriptor against said dataset. | 2,800 |
343,583 | 16,803,009 | 2,874 | A communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the communication apparatus makes a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. | 1. A communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the communication apparatus comprising:
a notification unit configured to make a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case where performing reception or transmission of the predetermined radio signal is handled as one service, the notification unit makes a notification of the allowable amount of the capability using units of the service. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of the allowable amount of the capability using units of a size of a packet that can be transmitted by the communication apparatus at one time. 4. The communication apparatus according claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of information regarding the capability, the information being included in a signal indicating that at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal can be performed as a proxy. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of information regarding the capability in a case where the notification unit has received, from the other communication apparatus, a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal as a proxy. 6. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of information regarding the capability in a case where the notification unit has received, from the other communication apparatus, a request for information regarding the capability. 7. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a determination unit configured to determine whether or not, in a case where a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal as a proxy has been received from the other communication apparatus, the request is accepted, based on information regarding the capability. 8. The communication apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a transmission unit configured to transmit, in a case where the determination unit has determined that the request is accepted, a signal indicating that the request is registered, and transmitting, in a case where the determination unit has determined that the request is not accepted, a signal indicating that the request is refused. 9. A communication apparatus capable of making a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy to one or more other communication apparatuses, the communication apparatus comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy by the one or more other communication apparatuses, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically; and a selection unit configured to select a communication apparatus to which a request for the proxy is made, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, based on the received allowable amount of the capability. 10. The communication apparatus according to claim 9, wherein,
in a case where performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal is handled as one service, the reception unit receives the allowable amount of the capability in units of the service. 11. The communication apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the reception unit receives the allowable amount of the capability in units of a size of a packet that can be transmitted by the one or more other communication apparatuses at one time. 12. The communication apparatus according claim 9, further comprising
a transmission unit configured to transmit a request for information regarding the capability to the one or more other communication apparatuses, wherein the reception unit receives information regarding the capability as a response to transmission of the request by the transmission unit. 13. The communication apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising
a transmission unit configured to transmit a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal as a proxy to the one or more other communication apparatuses, wherein the reception unit receives information regarding the capability as a response to transmission of the request by the transmission unit. 14. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication apparatus is a communication apparatus conforming to NAN (Neighbor Awareness Networking). 15. A method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the method comprising:
making a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. 16. A method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of making a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy to one or more other communication apparatuses, the method comprising:
receiving, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy by the one or more other communication apparatuses, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically; and selecting a communication apparatus to which a request for the proxy is made, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, based on the received allowable amount of the capability. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the method comprising:
making a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of making a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy to one or more other communication apparatuses, the method comprising:
receiving, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy by the one or more other communication apparatuses, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically; and selecting a communication apparatus to which a request for the proxy is made, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, based on the received allowable amount of the capability. | A communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the communication apparatus makes a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically.1. A communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the communication apparatus comprising:
a notification unit configured to make a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case where performing reception or transmission of the predetermined radio signal is handled as one service, the notification unit makes a notification of the allowable amount of the capability using units of the service. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of the allowable amount of the capability using units of a size of a packet that can be transmitted by the communication apparatus at one time. 4. The communication apparatus according claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of information regarding the capability, the information being included in a signal indicating that at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal can be performed as a proxy. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of information regarding the capability in a case where the notification unit has received, from the other communication apparatus, a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal as a proxy. 6. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification unit makes a notification of information regarding the capability in a case where the notification unit has received, from the other communication apparatus, a request for information regarding the capability. 7. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a determination unit configured to determine whether or not, in a case where a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal as a proxy has been received from the other communication apparatus, the request is accepted, based on information regarding the capability. 8. The communication apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a transmission unit configured to transmit, in a case where the determination unit has determined that the request is accepted, a signal indicating that the request is registered, and transmitting, in a case where the determination unit has determined that the request is not accepted, a signal indicating that the request is refused. 9. A communication apparatus capable of making a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy to one or more other communication apparatuses, the communication apparatus comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy by the one or more other communication apparatuses, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically; and a selection unit configured to select a communication apparatus to which a request for the proxy is made, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, based on the received allowable amount of the capability. 10. The communication apparatus according to claim 9, wherein,
in a case where performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal is handled as one service, the reception unit receives the allowable amount of the capability in units of the service. 11. The communication apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the reception unit receives the allowable amount of the capability in units of a size of a packet that can be transmitted by the one or more other communication apparatuses at one time. 12. The communication apparatus according claim 9, further comprising
a transmission unit configured to transmit a request for information regarding the capability to the one or more other communication apparatuses, wherein the reception unit receives information regarding the capability as a response to transmission of the request by the transmission unit. 13. The communication apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising
a transmission unit configured to transmit a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal as a proxy to the one or more other communication apparatuses, wherein the reception unit receives information regarding the capability as a response to transmission of the request by the transmission unit. 14. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication apparatus is a communication apparatus conforming to NAN (Neighbor Awareness Networking). 15. A method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the method comprising:
making a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. 16. A method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of making a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy to one or more other communication apparatuses, the method comprising:
receiving, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy by the one or more other communication apparatuses, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically; and selecting a communication apparatus to which a request for the proxy is made, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, based on the received allowable amount of the capability. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy for another communication apparatus, the method comprising:
making a notification of an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the other communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a method for controlling a communication apparatus capable of making a request for performing at least one of reception and transmission of a predetermined radio signal as a proxy to one or more other communication apparatuses, the method comprising:
receiving, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, an allowable amount of a capability by which at least one of reception and transmission of the predetermined radio signal performed by the communication apparatus can be performed as a proxy by the one or more other communication apparatuses, as information regarding the capability, in a predetermined time period that comes periodically; and selecting a communication apparatus to which a request for the proxy is made, from the one or more other communication apparatuses, based on the received allowable amount of the capability. | 2,800 |
343,584 | 16,803,029 | 2,874 | The present disclosure relates to an array substrate comprising a substrate body provided, on a perimeter edge thereof, with a sealant coating region to be coated with a sealant, and the sealant coating region comprises a first region provided with a metal trace structure, and further comprises a region provided with a metal structure, a difference between an area of the metal structure and that of the metal trace structure being smaller than a threshold. | 1. An array substrate, comprising:
a substrate body; and a sealant coating region, which is on a perimeter edge of the substrate body, in which a sealant is coated, and which comprises a first region provided with a metal trace structure, wherein the sealant coating region further comprises a region provided with a metal structure, and a difference between an area of the metal structure and that of the metal trace structure is smaller than a threshold. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure has a plurality of metal bumps disposed at intervals. 3. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a square having a side of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent squares ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 4. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a circle having a diameter of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent circles ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 5. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal trace structure comprises a plurality of metal traces arranged at intervals, and an arrangement of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 6. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein an area of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 7. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate body is further provided with a display region enclosed within the sealant coating region, the metal structure is located in a second region of the sealant coating region, and the first region is located on a first side of the display region and the second region is on a second side of the display region, which is arranged adjacent to or opposite to the first side. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the metal trace structure. 9. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein a gate metal layer and a source-and-drain metal layer are on the substrate body, and the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the gate metal layer, or the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the source-and-drain metal layer. 10. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure is not connected to any external signals. 11. A display device, comprising an array substrate,
the array substrate comprising: a substrate body; and a sealant coating region, which is on a perimeter edge of the substrate body, in which a sealant is coated, and which comprises a first region provided with a metal trace structure, wherein the sealant coating region further comprises a region provided with a metal structure, and a difference between an area of the metal structure and that of the metal trace structure is smaller than a threshold. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal structure has a plurality of metal bumps disposed at intervals. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a square having a side of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent squares ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a circle having a diameter of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent circles ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 15. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal trace structure comprises a plurality of metal traces arranged at intervals, and an arrangement of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 16. The display device according to claim 11, wherein an area of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 17. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the substrate body is further provided with a display region enclosed within the sealant coating region, the metal structure is located in a second region of the sealant coating region, and the first region is located on a first side of the display region and the second region is on a second side of the display region, which is arranged adjacent to or opposite to the first side. 18. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the metal trace structure. 19. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a gate metal layer and a source-and-drain metal layer are on the substrate body, and the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the gate metal layer, or the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the source-and-drain metal layer. 20. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal structure is not connected to any external signals. | The present disclosure relates to an array substrate comprising a substrate body provided, on a perimeter edge thereof, with a sealant coating region to be coated with a sealant, and the sealant coating region comprises a first region provided with a metal trace structure, and further comprises a region provided with a metal structure, a difference between an area of the metal structure and that of the metal trace structure being smaller than a threshold.1. An array substrate, comprising:
a substrate body; and a sealant coating region, which is on a perimeter edge of the substrate body, in which a sealant is coated, and which comprises a first region provided with a metal trace structure, wherein the sealant coating region further comprises a region provided with a metal structure, and a difference between an area of the metal structure and that of the metal trace structure is smaller than a threshold. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure has a plurality of metal bumps disposed at intervals. 3. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a square having a side of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent squares ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 4. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a circle having a diameter of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent circles ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 5. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal trace structure comprises a plurality of metal traces arranged at intervals, and an arrangement of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 6. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein an area of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 7. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate body is further provided with a display region enclosed within the sealant coating region, the metal structure is located in a second region of the sealant coating region, and the first region is located on a first side of the display region and the second region is on a second side of the display region, which is arranged adjacent to or opposite to the first side. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the metal trace structure. 9. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein a gate metal layer and a source-and-drain metal layer are on the substrate body, and the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the gate metal layer, or the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the source-and-drain metal layer. 10. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure is not connected to any external signals. 11. A display device, comprising an array substrate,
the array substrate comprising: a substrate body; and a sealant coating region, which is on a perimeter edge of the substrate body, in which a sealant is coated, and which comprises a first region provided with a metal trace structure, wherein the sealant coating region further comprises a region provided with a metal structure, and a difference between an area of the metal structure and that of the metal trace structure is smaller than a threshold. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal structure has a plurality of metal bumps disposed at intervals. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a square having a side of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent squares ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the metal bump is in the form of a circle having a diameter of 2 to 10 micrometers, and the interval between two adjacent circles ranges from 2 to 10 micrometers. 15. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal trace structure comprises a plurality of metal traces arranged at intervals, and an arrangement of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 16. The display device according to claim 11, wherein an area of the metal structure is substantially the same as that of the metal trace structure. 17. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the substrate body is further provided with a display region enclosed within the sealant coating region, the metal structure is located in a second region of the sealant coating region, and the first region is located on a first side of the display region and the second region is on a second side of the display region, which is arranged adjacent to or opposite to the first side. 18. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the metal trace structure. 19. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a gate metal layer and a source-and-drain metal layer are on the substrate body, and the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the gate metal layer, or the metal structure is disposed in a same layer as the source-and-drain metal layer. 20. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the metal structure is not connected to any external signals. | 2,800 |
343,585 | 16,803,026 | 2,874 | A mobile satellite communication gateway includes an aircraft communication interface and a satellite communication interface. The aircraft communication interface is designed to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a data network of an aircraft, while the satellite communication interface is designed to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a satellite communication network. The satellite communication gateway includes a signal processing device, which is coupled to the aircraft communication interface and the satellite communication interface and which is designed to interchange data between the data network of the aircraft and the satellite communication network. | 1. A mobile satellite communication gateway, comprising:
an aircraft communication interface, which is configured to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a data network of an aircraft; a satellite communication interface, which is configured to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a satellite communication network; and a signal processing device, which is coupled to the aircraft communication interface and the satellite communication interface and which is configured to interchange data between the data network of the aircraft and the satellite communication network. 2. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, further comprising a memory device, which is coupled to the signal processing device and which is configured to store authentication and identification data of a multiplicity of aircraft for a multiplicity of satellite communication networks. 3. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, further comprising a peripheral device interface, which is configured to make a data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a multiplicity of peripheral devices. 4. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 3, wherein the peripheral devices comprise sensors or cameras. 5. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the aircraft communication interface is a wireless or wired communication interface. 6. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing device has a wireless communication module by which a local wireless communication connection to the signal processing device can be set up. 7. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the satellite communication interface supports communication in the Ku band, in the Ka band and in the L band. 8. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing device is configured to set up end-to-end encryption between the aircraft communication interface and the satellite communication interface. 9. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the satellite communication gateway is configured to automatically determine an instantaneous global position. 10. A method for establishing a satellite communication connection between an aircraft and a satellite communication network, the method comprising:
setting up a first data communication connection between a data network of the aircraft and an aircraft communication interface of a mobile satellite communication gateway; setting up a second data communication connection between the satellite communication network and a satellite communication interface of the mobile satellite communication gateway; and interchanging data between the data network of the aircraft and the satellite communication network via the first and second data communication connections. | A mobile satellite communication gateway includes an aircraft communication interface and a satellite communication interface. The aircraft communication interface is designed to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a data network of an aircraft, while the satellite communication interface is designed to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a satellite communication network. The satellite communication gateway includes a signal processing device, which is coupled to the aircraft communication interface and the satellite communication interface and which is designed to interchange data between the data network of the aircraft and the satellite communication network.1. A mobile satellite communication gateway, comprising:
an aircraft communication interface, which is configured to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a data network of an aircraft; a satellite communication interface, which is configured to make a bidirectional data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a satellite communication network; and a signal processing device, which is coupled to the aircraft communication interface and the satellite communication interface and which is configured to interchange data between the data network of the aircraft and the satellite communication network. 2. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, further comprising a memory device, which is coupled to the signal processing device and which is configured to store authentication and identification data of a multiplicity of aircraft for a multiplicity of satellite communication networks. 3. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, further comprising a peripheral device interface, which is configured to make a data connection between the satellite communication gateway and a multiplicity of peripheral devices. 4. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 3, wherein the peripheral devices comprise sensors or cameras. 5. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the aircraft communication interface is a wireless or wired communication interface. 6. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing device has a wireless communication module by which a local wireless communication connection to the signal processing device can be set up. 7. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the satellite communication interface supports communication in the Ku band, in the Ka band and in the L band. 8. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing device is configured to set up end-to-end encryption between the aircraft communication interface and the satellite communication interface. 9. The satellite communication gateway according to claim 1, wherein the satellite communication gateway is configured to automatically determine an instantaneous global position. 10. A method for establishing a satellite communication connection between an aircraft and a satellite communication network, the method comprising:
setting up a first data communication connection between a data network of the aircraft and an aircraft communication interface of a mobile satellite communication gateway; setting up a second data communication connection between the satellite communication network and a satellite communication interface of the mobile satellite communication gateway; and interchanging data between the data network of the aircraft and the satellite communication network via the first and second data communication connections. | 2,800 |
343,586 | 16,803,011 | 2,874 | A visible light communication device management method and apparatus are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an object of the present disclosure is to provide an apparatus and method for checking and managing a membership of a terminal, such as a communication state and a location of a terminal managed by the server. | 1. A method for use in a lighting device capable of visible light communication, the method comprising:
receiving a first formatted message from a server; checking a header of the first formatted message to identify whether the first formatted message is a first management message; and in response to the first formatted message being identified as the first management message, checking whether or not at least one terminal previously located within illumination coverage of the lighting device are still located within the illumination coverage, wherein the checking whether or not comprises:
generating a second formatted message as a second management message to be broadcast within the illumination coverage;
emitting visible light containing the second formatted message;
receiving a response message for the second management message from at least one terminal, the response message including a terminal identifier of an associated terminal; and
updating a management list based on the terminal identifier included in the response message, the management list containing terminal identifiers of terminals with which the lighting device can communicate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the second formatted message comprises copying some fields in the header of the first formatted message into the header of the second formatted message. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the response message for the second management message is received using wireless communication different from the visible light communication. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating of the management list includes classifying the terminals into:
a terminal included in the management list and having transmitted the response message for the second management message; a terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message for the second management message; and a terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message for the second management message. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
generates a response message for the first management message, wherein the response message for the first management message has a payload which contains an identifier of the terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message for the second management message and an identifier of the terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message to the second management message; and transmitting the response message for the first management message to the server. 6. A method for use in a lighting device capable of visible light communication, the method comprising:
receiving a first management message from a server; and in response to the first management message, checking whether or not at least one terminal previously located within illumination coverage of the lighting device are still located within the illumination coverage, wherein the checking comprises:
dividing a plurality of terminal identifiers stored in a database managed by the lighting device into several groups in accordance with predefined criteria given to a certain digit of terminal identifier;
generating a management list for each group, the management list containing terminal identifiers that meet respective predefined criterion;
generating a second management message that contains information on the respective predefined criterion;
emitting visible light containing the second management message to broadcast within an illumination coverage of the lighting device;
receiving a response message for the second management message from any terminal of which a terminal identifier meets the respective predefined criterion, the response message including an associated terminal identifier; and
updating the management list based on the response message for the second management message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein, the predefined criteria includes whether a value of the certain digit of terminal identifier is equal to a respective value assigned to each group. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein, the predefined criteria includes whether a value of the certain digit of terminal identifier is odd or even. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein, the predefined criterion includes whether a remainder obtained by dividing the certain digit of terminal identifier by the number of groups is equal to a respective value assigned to each group. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the updating of the management list includes classifying the terminals into:
a terminal included in the management list and having transmitted the response message for the second management message; a terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message for the second management message; and a terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message for the second management message. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
generates a response message for the first management message, wherein the response message for the first management message has a payload which contains an identifier of the terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message to the second management message and an identifier of the terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message to the second management message; and transmitting the response message to the first management message generated by the data manager to the server. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the response message for the second management message is received using wireless communication different from the visible light communication. | A visible light communication device management method and apparatus are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an object of the present disclosure is to provide an apparatus and method for checking and managing a membership of a terminal, such as a communication state and a location of a terminal managed by the server.1. A method for use in a lighting device capable of visible light communication, the method comprising:
receiving a first formatted message from a server; checking a header of the first formatted message to identify whether the first formatted message is a first management message; and in response to the first formatted message being identified as the first management message, checking whether or not at least one terminal previously located within illumination coverage of the lighting device are still located within the illumination coverage, wherein the checking whether or not comprises:
generating a second formatted message as a second management message to be broadcast within the illumination coverage;
emitting visible light containing the second formatted message;
receiving a response message for the second management message from at least one terminal, the response message including a terminal identifier of an associated terminal; and
updating a management list based on the terminal identifier included in the response message, the management list containing terminal identifiers of terminals with which the lighting device can communicate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the second formatted message comprises copying some fields in the header of the first formatted message into the header of the second formatted message. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the response message for the second management message is received using wireless communication different from the visible light communication. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating of the management list includes classifying the terminals into:
a terminal included in the management list and having transmitted the response message for the second management message; a terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message for the second management message; and a terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message for the second management message. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
generates a response message for the first management message, wherein the response message for the first management message has a payload which contains an identifier of the terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message for the second management message and an identifier of the terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message to the second management message; and transmitting the response message for the first management message to the server. 6. A method for use in a lighting device capable of visible light communication, the method comprising:
receiving a first management message from a server; and in response to the first management message, checking whether or not at least one terminal previously located within illumination coverage of the lighting device are still located within the illumination coverage, wherein the checking comprises:
dividing a plurality of terminal identifiers stored in a database managed by the lighting device into several groups in accordance with predefined criteria given to a certain digit of terminal identifier;
generating a management list for each group, the management list containing terminal identifiers that meet respective predefined criterion;
generating a second management message that contains information on the respective predefined criterion;
emitting visible light containing the second management message to broadcast within an illumination coverage of the lighting device;
receiving a response message for the second management message from any terminal of which a terminal identifier meets the respective predefined criterion, the response message including an associated terminal identifier; and
updating the management list based on the response message for the second management message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein, the predefined criteria includes whether a value of the certain digit of terminal identifier is equal to a respective value assigned to each group. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein, the predefined criteria includes whether a value of the certain digit of terminal identifier is odd or even. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein, the predefined criterion includes whether a remainder obtained by dividing the certain digit of terminal identifier by the number of groups is equal to a respective value assigned to each group. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the updating of the management list includes classifying the terminals into:
a terminal included in the management list and having transmitted the response message for the second management message; a terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message for the second management message; and a terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message for the second management message. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
generates a response message for the first management message, wherein the response message for the first management message has a payload which contains an identifier of the terminal included in the management list but not having transmitted the response message to the second management message and an identifier of the terminal not included in the management list but having transmitted the response message to the second management message; and transmitting the response message to the first management message generated by the data manager to the server. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the response message for the second management message is received using wireless communication different from the visible light communication. | 2,800 |
343,587 | 16,803,016 | 2,874 | where W is the width of the magnetosensitive portion, Wc/2 is a distance from the center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion to the first end surface closer thereto, and h is a distance from the center position of the depth of the magnetosensitive portion to the excitation wiring. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a surface perpendicular to a first direction; a vertical Hall element formed in the semiconductor substrate, and including a magnetosensitive portion having a depth in the first direction, a width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a length in a third direction perpendicular to both of the first direction and the second direction; and an excitation wiring having a first end surface and a second end surface in the second direction, and extending in the third direction, wherein the excitation wiring is disposed on a surface side of the semiconductor substrate and at a position that is apart from the magnetosensitive portion, and overlaps a center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion as viewed in plan view from the first direction, wherein at the position at which the excitation wiring is disposed, a distance from the center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion to the first end surface is equal to or smaller than a distance from the center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion to the second end surface as viewed in the plan view, and wherein a value “u” derived from Expression (1) below is 0.6 or more: 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation wiring covers the magnetosensitive portion as viewed in the plan view. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation wiring is disposed at a position at which a center position of the excitation wiring in the second direction overlaps a center position of the magnetosensitive portion in the second direction as viewed in the plan view. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the excitation wiring is disposed at a position at which a center position of the excitation wiring in the second direction overlaps a center position of the magnetosensitive portion in the second direction as viewed in the plan view. | where W is the width of the magnetosensitive portion, Wc/2 is a distance from the center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion to the first end surface closer thereto, and h is a distance from the center position of the depth of the magnetosensitive portion to the excitation wiring.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a surface perpendicular to a first direction; a vertical Hall element formed in the semiconductor substrate, and including a magnetosensitive portion having a depth in the first direction, a width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a length in a third direction perpendicular to both of the first direction and the second direction; and an excitation wiring having a first end surface and a second end surface in the second direction, and extending in the third direction, wherein the excitation wiring is disposed on a surface side of the semiconductor substrate and at a position that is apart from the magnetosensitive portion, and overlaps a center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion as viewed in plan view from the first direction, wherein at the position at which the excitation wiring is disposed, a distance from the center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion to the first end surface is equal to or smaller than a distance from the center position of the width of the magnetosensitive portion to the second end surface as viewed in the plan view, and wherein a value “u” derived from Expression (1) below is 0.6 or more: 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation wiring covers the magnetosensitive portion as viewed in the plan view. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation wiring is disposed at a position at which a center position of the excitation wiring in the second direction overlaps a center position of the magnetosensitive portion in the second direction as viewed in the plan view. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the excitation wiring is disposed at a position at which a center position of the excitation wiring in the second direction overlaps a center position of the magnetosensitive portion in the second direction as viewed in the plan view. | 2,800 |
343,588 | 16,802,980 | 2,874 | A radiation-curing ink jet ink composition includes a urethane (meth)acrylate including one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the urethane (meth)acrylate being 5.0% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition, and a (meth)acrylate including an aromatic ring and one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the (meth)acrylate being 4.0% by mass or more and 50.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition. | 1. A radiation-curing ink jet ink composition comprising:
a urethane (meth)acrylate including one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the urethane (meth)acrylate being 5.0% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition; and a (meth)acrylate including an aromatic ring and one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the (meth)acrylate being 4.0% by mass or more and 50.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition. 2. The ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
a (meth)acrylate including an alicyclic group, wherein a homopolymer of the (meth)acrylate has a glass-transition temperature of 30° C. or more. 3. The ink composition according to claim 2, wherein:
the (meth)acrylate including an alicyclic group includes isobornyl acrylate, tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, dicyclopentadienyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, or 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate. 4. The ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
a monofunctional monomer including a heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom. 5. The ink composition according to claim 4, wherein:
the monofunctional monomer including a heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom includes N-vinylcaprolactam or (meth) acryloylmorpholine. 6. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein:
the amount of a monomer including two or more polymerizable functional groups is 5.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition. 7. The ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
an acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiator including an aromatic ring. | A radiation-curing ink jet ink composition includes a urethane (meth)acrylate including one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the urethane (meth)acrylate being 5.0% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition, and a (meth)acrylate including an aromatic ring and one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the (meth)acrylate being 4.0% by mass or more and 50.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition.1. A radiation-curing ink jet ink composition comprising:
a urethane (meth)acrylate including one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the urethane (meth)acrylate being 5.0% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition; and a (meth)acrylate including an aromatic ring and one (meth)acryloyl group, the amount of the (meth)acrylate being 4.0% by mass or more and 50.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition. 2. The ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
a (meth)acrylate including an alicyclic group, wherein a homopolymer of the (meth)acrylate has a glass-transition temperature of 30° C. or more. 3. The ink composition according to claim 2, wherein:
the (meth)acrylate including an alicyclic group includes isobornyl acrylate, tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, dicyclopentadienyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, or 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate. 4. The ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
a monofunctional monomer including a heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom. 5. The ink composition according to claim 4, wherein:
the monofunctional monomer including a heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom includes N-vinylcaprolactam or (meth) acryloylmorpholine. 6. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein:
the amount of a monomer including two or more polymerizable functional groups is 5.0% by mass or less of the total amount of the ink composition. 7. The ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
an acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiator including an aromatic ring. | 2,800 |
343,589 | 16,803,019 | 2,874 | A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine includes a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet. The bleed valve includes a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow. The housing defines a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing. The tortuous path is defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, with each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path. | 1. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path. 2. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings includes a terminal segment that defines a terminal end, and the terminal segment is angled relative to a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 3. The bleed valve of claim 2, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 4. The bleed valve of claim 1, further comprising at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing at an angle relative to a central axis that extends through the housing. 5. The bleed valve of claim 4, wherein the at least one swirl vane is coupled between a valve body associated with the poppet and a first ring of the plurality of rings. 6. The bleed valve of claim 4, further comprising at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing at the angle relative to the central axis that extends through the housing. 7. The bleed valve of claim 6, wherein the at least one second swirl vane is coupled between a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 8. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 9. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 10. The bleed valve of claim 9, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 11. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 12. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 13. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path, each ring of the plurality of rings having a terminal segment that defines a terminal end and the terminal segment is angled in a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 14. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 15. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 16. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 17. The bleed valve of claim 16, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 18. The bleed valve of claim 17, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 19. The bleed valve of claim 18, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 20. The bleed valve of claim 19, wherein the at least one swirl vane and the at least one second swirl vane extend at an angle relative to the valve body. | A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine includes a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet. The bleed valve includes a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow. The housing defines a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing. The tortuous path is defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, with each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path.1. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path. 2. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings includes a terminal segment that defines a terminal end, and the terminal segment is angled relative to a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 3. The bleed valve of claim 2, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 4. The bleed valve of claim 1, further comprising at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing at an angle relative to a central axis that extends through the housing. 5. The bleed valve of claim 4, wherein the at least one swirl vane is coupled between a valve body associated with the poppet and a first ring of the plurality of rings. 6. The bleed valve of claim 4, further comprising at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing at the angle relative to the central axis that extends through the housing. 7. The bleed valve of claim 6, wherein the at least one second swirl vane is coupled between a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 8. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 9. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 10. The bleed valve of claim 9, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 11. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 12. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 13. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path, each ring of the plurality of rings having a terminal segment that defines a terminal end and the terminal segment is angled in a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 14. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 15. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 16. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 17. The bleed valve of claim 16, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 18. The bleed valve of claim 17, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 19. The bleed valve of claim 18, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 20. The bleed valve of claim 19, wherein the at least one swirl vane and the at least one second swirl vane extend at an angle relative to the valve body. | 2,800 |
343,590 | 16,803,012 | 2,874 | A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine includes a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet. The bleed valve includes a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow. The housing defines a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing. The tortuous path is defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, with each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path. | 1. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path. 2. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings includes a terminal segment that defines a terminal end, and the terminal segment is angled relative to a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 3. The bleed valve of claim 2, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 4. The bleed valve of claim 1, further comprising at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing at an angle relative to a central axis that extends through the housing. 5. The bleed valve of claim 4, wherein the at least one swirl vane is coupled between a valve body associated with the poppet and a first ring of the plurality of rings. 6. The bleed valve of claim 4, further comprising at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing at the angle relative to the central axis that extends through the housing. 7. The bleed valve of claim 6, wherein the at least one second swirl vane is coupled between a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 8. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 9. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 10. The bleed valve of claim 9, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 11. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 12. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 13. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path, each ring of the plurality of rings having a terminal segment that defines a terminal end and the terminal segment is angled in a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 14. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 15. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 16. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 17. The bleed valve of claim 16, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 18. The bleed valve of claim 17, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 19. The bleed valve of claim 18, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 20. The bleed valve of claim 19, wherein the at least one swirl vane and the at least one second swirl vane extend at an angle relative to the valve body. | A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine includes a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet. The bleed valve includes a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow. The housing defines a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing. The tortuous path is defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, with each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path.1. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path. 2. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings includes a terminal segment that defines a terminal end, and the terminal segment is angled relative to a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 3. The bleed valve of claim 2, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 4. The bleed valve of claim 1, further comprising at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one swirl vane coupled within the housing at an angle relative to a central axis that extends through the housing. 5. The bleed valve of claim 4, wherein the at least one swirl vane is coupled between a valve body associated with the poppet and a first ring of the plurality of rings. 6. The bleed valve of claim 4, further comprising at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing downstream of the inlet, the at least one second swirl vane coupled within the housing at the angle relative to the central axis that extends through the housing. 7. The bleed valve of claim 6, wherein the at least one second swirl vane is coupled between a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 8. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 9. The bleed valve of claim 1, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 10. The bleed valve of claim 9, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 11. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 12. The bleed valve of claim 10, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 13. A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a housing that defines an inlet upstream from an outlet, the bleed valve including a poppet movable relative to the housing between a first position, in which the poppet closes the inlet, and a second position, in which the inlet is open and configured to receive a fluid flow, the housing defining a tortuous path for the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet configured to reduce a pressure of the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet within the housing, the tortuous path defined by a plurality of rings positioned about the poppet, each ring of the plurality of rings spaced apart from an adjacent ring of the plurality of rings between the inlet and the outlet to define the tortuous path, each ring of the plurality of rings having a terminal segment that defines a terminal end and the terminal segment is angled in a direction of fluid flow through the housing. 14. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein the terminal segment includes a plurality of serrations. 15. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein each ring of the plurality of rings is positioned concentrically about a valve body associated with the poppet. 16. The bleed valve of claim 13, wherein a first ring and a second ring of the plurality of rings are defined on an interior surface of the housing and face a third ring and a fourth ring of the plurality of rings. 17. The bleed valve of claim 16, further comprising a central plate defining a bore, the third ring and the fourth ring of the plurality of rings are defined on the central plate and the poppet includes a valve body that is movable relative to the bore. 18. The bleed valve of claim 17, further comprising at least one swirl vane defined on the central plate between the bore and the third ring. 19. The bleed valve of claim 18, further comprising at least one second swirl vane defined between the first ring and the second ring. 20. The bleed valve of claim 19, wherein the at least one swirl vane and the at least one second swirl vane extend at an angle relative to the valve body. | 2,800 |
343,591 | 16,802,984 | 2,874 | Methods, devices, and systems for determining image capture settings based on an audio input are disclosed. In some aspects, a device includes a memory, a camera including a lens and a sensor, and a processor coupled to the camera and the memory. The processor may be configured to receive an audio input, determine contextual information based on the audio input, determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information, and output the one or more image capture settings. | 1. A device, comprising:
a memory; a camera including a lens and a sensor; and a processor coupled to the camera and the memory, the processor configured to:
receive an audio input;
determine contextual information based on the audio input;
determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information; and
output the one or more image capture settings. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes context associated with an environment the device is in. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes metadata associated with a current state of the device. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more image capture settings includes at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the white balance gain, wherein determining the white balance gain includes:
determining current statistics associated with a current frame; and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the contextual information. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein outputting the one or more image capture settings includes:
applying the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 10. The device of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine the one or more exposure settings based on the contextual information; apply the one or more exposure settings to one or more subsequent frames; and output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 11. The device of claim 6, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the lens position based on the contextual information, wherein the lens position includes an initial lens position. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause the camera to move the lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein one or more of the audio input and the contextual information are stored in the memory for a period of time. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input or the contextual information stored in the memory for the period of time. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining a white balance gain based on the audio input or the contextual information. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input or the contextual information. 17. The device of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining an initial lens position based on the audio input or the contextual information. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
capture an image using the one or more image capture settings. 19. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a display. 20. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a microphone. 21. A method, comprising:
receiving, via a device, an audio input; determining, via the device, contextual information based on the audio input; determining, via the device, one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information; and outputting, via the device, the one or more image capture settings. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes context associated with an environment the device is in. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes metadata associated with a current state of the device. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more image capture settings includes at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the white balance gain, wherein determining the white balance gain includes:
determining current statistics associated with a current frame; and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the contextual information. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein outputting the one or more image capture settings includes:
applying the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
outputting the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
determining the one or more exposure settings based on the contextual information; applying the one or more exposure settings to one or more subsequent frames; and outputting the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the lens position based on the contextual information, wherein the lens position includes an initial lens position. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
causing a camera of the device to move a lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein one or more of the audio input and the contextual information are stored in a memory for a period of time. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input or the contextual information stored in the memory for the period of time. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining a white balance gain based on the audio input or the contextual information. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input or the contextual information. 37. The method of claim 34, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining an initial lens position based on the audio input or the contextual information. 38. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
capturing an image using the one or more image capture settings. 39. The method of claim 21, wherein the device includes a display. 40. The method of claim 21, wherein the device includes a microphone. 41. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to:
receive an audio input; determine contextual information based on the audio input; determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information; and output the one or more image capture settings. 42. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes context associated with an environment the device is in. 43. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. 44. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes metadata associated with a current state of the device. 45. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 46. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the one or more image capture settings includes at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 47. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the white balance gain, wherein determining the white balance gain includes:
determining current statistics associated with a current frame; and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the contextual information. 48. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 47, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
apply the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. 49. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 48, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 50. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
determine the one or more exposure settings based on the contextual information; apply the one or more exposure settings to one or more subsequent frames; and output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 51. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the lens position based on the contextual information, wherein the lens position includes an initial lens position. 52. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 51, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
cause a camera of the device to move a lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. 53. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein one or more of the audio input and the contextual information are stored in the memory for a period of time. 54. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input or the contextual information stored in the memory for the period of time. 55. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 54, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining a white balance gain based on the audio input or the contextual information. 56. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 54, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input or the contextual information. 57. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 54, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining an initial lens position based on the audio input or the contextual information. 58. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
capture an image using the one or more image capture settings. 59. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the device includes a display. 60. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the device includes a microphone. | Methods, devices, and systems for determining image capture settings based on an audio input are disclosed. In some aspects, a device includes a memory, a camera including a lens and a sensor, and a processor coupled to the camera and the memory. The processor may be configured to receive an audio input, determine contextual information based on the audio input, determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information, and output the one or more image capture settings.1. A device, comprising:
a memory; a camera including a lens and a sensor; and a processor coupled to the camera and the memory, the processor configured to:
receive an audio input;
determine contextual information based on the audio input;
determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information; and
output the one or more image capture settings. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes context associated with an environment the device is in. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes metadata associated with a current state of the device. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the contextual information includes one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more image capture settings includes at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the white balance gain, wherein determining the white balance gain includes:
determining current statistics associated with a current frame; and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the contextual information. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein outputting the one or more image capture settings includes:
applying the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 10. The device of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine the one or more exposure settings based on the contextual information; apply the one or more exposure settings to one or more subsequent frames; and output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 11. The device of claim 6, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the lens position based on the contextual information, wherein the lens position includes an initial lens position. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause the camera to move the lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein one or more of the audio input and the contextual information are stored in the memory for a period of time. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input or the contextual information stored in the memory for the period of time. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining a white balance gain based on the audio input or the contextual information. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input or the contextual information. 17. The device of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining an initial lens position based on the audio input or the contextual information. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
capture an image using the one or more image capture settings. 19. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a display. 20. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a microphone. 21. A method, comprising:
receiving, via a device, an audio input; determining, via the device, contextual information based on the audio input; determining, via the device, one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information; and outputting, via the device, the one or more image capture settings. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes context associated with an environment the device is in. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes metadata associated with a current state of the device. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the contextual information includes one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more image capture settings includes at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the white balance gain, wherein determining the white balance gain includes:
determining current statistics associated with a current frame; and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the contextual information. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein outputting the one or more image capture settings includes:
applying the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
outputting the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
determining the one or more exposure settings based on the contextual information; applying the one or more exposure settings to one or more subsequent frames; and outputting the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the lens position based on the contextual information, wherein the lens position includes an initial lens position. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
causing a camera of the device to move a lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein one or more of the audio input and the contextual information are stored in a memory for a period of time. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input or the contextual information stored in the memory for the period of time. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining a white balance gain based on the audio input or the contextual information. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input or the contextual information. 37. The method of claim 34, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining an initial lens position based on the audio input or the contextual information. 38. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
capturing an image using the one or more image capture settings. 39. The method of claim 21, wherein the device includes a display. 40. The method of claim 21, wherein the device includes a microphone. 41. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to:
receive an audio input; determine contextual information based on the audio input; determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information; and output the one or more image capture settings. 42. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes context associated with an environment the device is in. 43. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. 44. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes metadata associated with a current state of the device. 45. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the contextual information includes one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 46. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the one or more image capture settings includes at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 47. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the white balance gain, wherein determining the white balance gain includes:
determining current statistics associated with a current frame; and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the contextual information. 48. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 47, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
apply the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. 49. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 48, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 50. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
determine the one or more exposure settings based on the contextual information; apply the one or more exposure settings to one or more subsequent frames; and output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 51. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the lens position based on the contextual information, wherein the lens position includes an initial lens position. 52. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 51, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
cause a camera of the device to move a lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. 53. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein one or more of the audio input and the contextual information are stored in the memory for a period of time. 54. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings includes determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input or the contextual information stored in the memory for the period of time. 55. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 54, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining a white balance gain based on the audio input or the contextual information. 56. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 54, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input or the contextual information. 57. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 54, wherein determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application includes determining an initial lens position based on the audio input or the contextual information. 58. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
capture an image using the one or more image capture settings. 59. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the device includes a display. 60. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein the device includes a microphone. | 2,800 |
343,592 | 16,803,006 | 2,874 | Methods of treating an age-related disorder in a subject are provided. Aspects of the methods include administering to the subject a nucleic acid vector including a coding sequence for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and/or telomerase RNA (TR). Gene therapy methods are also provided. Aspects of the invention further include compositions, e.g., nucleic acid vectors and kits, etc., that find use in methods of the invention. | 1. A method of treating an age-related disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a nucleic acid vector comprising a coding sequence for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vector further comprises a coding sequence for telomerase RNA (TR). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a gene therapy method. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein TERT is human TERT, or an active fragment or functional equivalent thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the functional equivalent is a nucleic acid having at least 80% or more sequence identity to human TERT. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding TERT is operably linked to a regulatory sequence that drives expression of the coding sequence. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the vector is a non-integrative vector. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the vector is an adeno-associated virus-based vector. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the vector is a lentivirus-based vector. 10-11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is an adult mammal. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the adult mammal is an aged adult mammal. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the adult mammal is an adult human. 16-18. (canceled) 19. A nucleic acid vector comprising a coding sequence for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), for use in the treatment or prevention of an age-related disorder in an adult animal. 20. The vector of claim 19, wherein the vector further comprises a coding sequence for telomerase RNA (TR). 21. The vector of claim 19, wherein TERT is human TERT, or an active fragment or functional equivalent thereof. 22. The vector of claim 21, wherein the functional equivalent is a nucleic acid having at least 80% or more sequence identity to human TERT. 23. The vector of claim 19, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding TERT is operably linked to a regulatory sequence capable of driving expression of the coding sequence. 24. (canceled) 25. The vector of claim 23, wherein the vector is a non-integrative vector. 26. The vector of claim 23, wherein the vector is an adeno-associated virus-based vector. 27-29. (canceled) | Methods of treating an age-related disorder in a subject are provided. Aspects of the methods include administering to the subject a nucleic acid vector including a coding sequence for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and/or telomerase RNA (TR). Gene therapy methods are also provided. Aspects of the invention further include compositions, e.g., nucleic acid vectors and kits, etc., that find use in methods of the invention.1. A method of treating an age-related disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a nucleic acid vector comprising a coding sequence for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vector further comprises a coding sequence for telomerase RNA (TR). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a gene therapy method. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein TERT is human TERT, or an active fragment or functional equivalent thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the functional equivalent is a nucleic acid having at least 80% or more sequence identity to human TERT. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding TERT is operably linked to a regulatory sequence that drives expression of the coding sequence. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the vector is a non-integrative vector. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the vector is an adeno-associated virus-based vector. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the vector is a lentivirus-based vector. 10-11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is an adult mammal. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the adult mammal is an aged adult mammal. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the adult mammal is an adult human. 16-18. (canceled) 19. A nucleic acid vector comprising a coding sequence for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), for use in the treatment or prevention of an age-related disorder in an adult animal. 20. The vector of claim 19, wherein the vector further comprises a coding sequence for telomerase RNA (TR). 21. The vector of claim 19, wherein TERT is human TERT, or an active fragment or functional equivalent thereof. 22. The vector of claim 21, wherein the functional equivalent is a nucleic acid having at least 80% or more sequence identity to human TERT. 23. The vector of claim 19, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding TERT is operably linked to a regulatory sequence capable of driving expression of the coding sequence. 24. (canceled) 25. The vector of claim 23, wherein the vector is a non-integrative vector. 26. The vector of claim 23, wherein the vector is an adeno-associated virus-based vector. 27-29. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,593 | 16,802,959 | 2,874 | The present invention provides compounds and compositions thereof which are useful as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and which exhibit desirable characteristics for the same. | 1. A pharmaceutical salt of formula I: 2. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula II-a: 3. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula II-b: 4. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula III: 5. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is formula IV: 6. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein R3 is —CF3 or —F. 7. (canceled) 8. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein both R1 are hydrogen. 9. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein one R1 is hydrogen and the other R is an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. 10. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 9, wherein one R1 is hydrogen and the other R1 is methyl. 11. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein both R1 are optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic groups. 12. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein one R1 is hydrogen and the other an is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. 13. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein both R1 are optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic groups. 14. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein both R1 are hydrogen. 15.-19. (canceled) 20. A pharmaceutical salt selected from the group consisting of: 21. A method of decreasing the enzymatic activity of Bruton's tyrosine kinase comprising contacting Bruton's tyrosine kinase with an effective amount of a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 or a composition thereof. 22. A method of treating a disorder responsive to inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 or a composition thereof. 23. A method of treating a disorder selected from the group consisting of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory disorders, and cancers comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 or a composition thereof. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the disorder is rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or atopic dermatitis. 25.-26. (canceled) 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the disorder is leukemia or lymphoma. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. | The present invention provides compounds and compositions thereof which are useful as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and which exhibit desirable characteristics for the same.1. A pharmaceutical salt of formula I: 2. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula II-a: 3. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula II-b: 4. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula III: 5. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is formula IV: 6. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein R3 is —CF3 or —F. 7. (canceled) 8. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein both R1 are hydrogen. 9. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein one R1 is hydrogen and the other R is an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. 10. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 9, wherein one R1 is hydrogen and the other R1 is methyl. 11. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 5, wherein both R1 are optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic groups. 12. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein one R1 is hydrogen and the other an is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. 13. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein both R1 are optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic groups. 14. The pharmaceutical salt of claim 1, wherein both R1 are hydrogen. 15.-19. (canceled) 20. A pharmaceutical salt selected from the group consisting of: 21. A method of decreasing the enzymatic activity of Bruton's tyrosine kinase comprising contacting Bruton's tyrosine kinase with an effective amount of a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 or a composition thereof. 22. A method of treating a disorder responsive to inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 or a composition thereof. 23. A method of treating a disorder selected from the group consisting of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory disorders, and cancers comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 or a composition thereof. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the disorder is rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or atopic dermatitis. 25.-26. (canceled) 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the disorder is leukemia or lymphoma. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical salt of claim 1 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. | 2,800 |
343,594 | 16,803,015 | 2,874 | An antenna may include a reflector and a multi-band feed assembly. A support member may be coupled to the multi-band feed assembly to orient the multi-band feed assembly for direct illumination of the reflector. The multi-band feed assembly may include first and second feeds, each having a respective septum polarizer coupled between a respective common waveguide and a respective pair of waveguides. A housing of the support member may contain the respective septum polarizers and the respective pairs of waveguides. | 1. (canceled) 2. An antenna comprising:
a single reflector having a shaped surface, wherein the shaped surface comprises a plurality of ripples extending from a center of the single reflector to a first distance from the center, and wherein maximum deviations of respective ripples of the plurality of ripples from a parabolic surface between the center and an edge of the single reflector reduce with increased distance of the respective ripples from the center; and a feed illuminated by the single reflector, the feed comprising a polarizer coupled between a common waveguide and a first waveguide and a second waveguide of a pair of waveguides. 3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the center has a deviation from the parabolic surface. 4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the plurality of ripples is a first plurality of ripples and the shaped surface comprises a second plurality of ripples extending from the first distance to the edge of the single reflector. 5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of ripples comprise respective first portions and respective second portions that are on opposing sides of the parabolic surface. 6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the second plurality of ripples are located exclusively on a single side of the parabolic surface. 7. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the center has a deviation from the parabolic surface. 8. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the edge has a deviation from the parabolic surface. 9. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the shaped surface is a continuous surface between the center and the edge of the single reflector. 10. The antenna of claim 2, wherein a profile of the shaped surface is symmetrical about a central axis of the single reflector. 11. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the shaped surface has a first profile between the center and a first location at the edge of the single reflector and a second profile of the shaped between the center and a second location at the edge of the single reflector, the second profile different than the first profile. 12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the plurality of ripples is a first plurality of ripples comprising the first profile and the second profile comprises a second plurality of ripples, and wherein the first plurality of ripples has a first deviation from the parabolic surface at a particular distance from the center, and the second plurality of ripples has a second deviation from the parabolic surface at the particular distance that is different than the first deviation. 13. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the center is a location on the shaped surface at which a boresight of the feed is oriented. 14. The antenna of claim 2, further comprising:
a support member to orient the feed for direct illumination of the shaped surface of the single reflector. 15. The antenna of claim 14, wherein the support member extends through an opening of the single reflector. 16. The antenna of claim 15, wherein the opening is at a periphery of the single reflector. 17. The antenna of claim 14, wherein the support member has an arcuate shape. 18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein the support member has a leading edge along the arcuate shape that is oriented towards the single reflector and has a tapered cross-section. 19. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the tapered cross-section is beveled. 20. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the tapered cross-section mitigates scattering interaction between the support member and the single reflector. 21. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the support member has a trailing edge oriented away from the single reflector having a different cross-section than the leading edge. 22. The antenna of claim 21, wherein the trailing edge has a flat cross-section. 23. The antenna of claim 21, wherein the support member is within a swept volume of the single reflector. 24. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the edge of the single reflector is non-circular. 25. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the polarizer is a septum polarizer. | An antenna may include a reflector and a multi-band feed assembly. A support member may be coupled to the multi-band feed assembly to orient the multi-band feed assembly for direct illumination of the reflector. The multi-band feed assembly may include first and second feeds, each having a respective septum polarizer coupled between a respective common waveguide and a respective pair of waveguides. A housing of the support member may contain the respective septum polarizers and the respective pairs of waveguides.1. (canceled) 2. An antenna comprising:
a single reflector having a shaped surface, wherein the shaped surface comprises a plurality of ripples extending from a center of the single reflector to a first distance from the center, and wherein maximum deviations of respective ripples of the plurality of ripples from a parabolic surface between the center and an edge of the single reflector reduce with increased distance of the respective ripples from the center; and a feed illuminated by the single reflector, the feed comprising a polarizer coupled between a common waveguide and a first waveguide and a second waveguide of a pair of waveguides. 3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the center has a deviation from the parabolic surface. 4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the plurality of ripples is a first plurality of ripples and the shaped surface comprises a second plurality of ripples extending from the first distance to the edge of the single reflector. 5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of ripples comprise respective first portions and respective second portions that are on opposing sides of the parabolic surface. 6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the second plurality of ripples are located exclusively on a single side of the parabolic surface. 7. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the center has a deviation from the parabolic surface. 8. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the edge has a deviation from the parabolic surface. 9. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the shaped surface is a continuous surface between the center and the edge of the single reflector. 10. The antenna of claim 2, wherein a profile of the shaped surface is symmetrical about a central axis of the single reflector. 11. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the shaped surface has a first profile between the center and a first location at the edge of the single reflector and a second profile of the shaped between the center and a second location at the edge of the single reflector, the second profile different than the first profile. 12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the plurality of ripples is a first plurality of ripples comprising the first profile and the second profile comprises a second plurality of ripples, and wherein the first plurality of ripples has a first deviation from the parabolic surface at a particular distance from the center, and the second plurality of ripples has a second deviation from the parabolic surface at the particular distance that is different than the first deviation. 13. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the center is a location on the shaped surface at which a boresight of the feed is oriented. 14. The antenna of claim 2, further comprising:
a support member to orient the feed for direct illumination of the shaped surface of the single reflector. 15. The antenna of claim 14, wherein the support member extends through an opening of the single reflector. 16. The antenna of claim 15, wherein the opening is at a periphery of the single reflector. 17. The antenna of claim 14, wherein the support member has an arcuate shape. 18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein the support member has a leading edge along the arcuate shape that is oriented towards the single reflector and has a tapered cross-section. 19. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the tapered cross-section is beveled. 20. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the tapered cross-section mitigates scattering interaction between the support member and the single reflector. 21. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the support member has a trailing edge oriented away from the single reflector having a different cross-section than the leading edge. 22. The antenna of claim 21, wherein the trailing edge has a flat cross-section. 23. The antenna of claim 21, wherein the support member is within a swept volume of the single reflector. 24. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the edge of the single reflector is non-circular. 25. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the polarizer is a septum polarizer. | 2,800 |
343,595 | 16,803,035 | 2,874 | An example fire suppression system includes a cylinder having a wall defining an inner chamber, and a processor operable to determine an amount of a suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with the suppressant. An example method for determining an amount of suppressant in a cylinder includes measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with a suppressant within a cylinder, and a determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance. | 1. A fire suppression system, comprising:
a cylinder having a wall defining an inner chamber; and a processor operable to determine an amount of a suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with the suppressant. 2. The fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein each of the first electrode and second electrode is also in contact with a pressurant in the inner chamber. 3. The fire suppression system of claim 2, wherein the capacitance is an effective capacitance based on a first capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the suppressant as a dielectric medium, and a second capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the pressurant as a dielectric medium. 4. The fire suppression system of claim 3, comprising:
a siphon tube disposed within the inner chamber and spaced apart from the wall; wherein one of the first and second electrodes includes the siphon tube, and the other of the first and second electrodes includes the wall. 5. The fire suppression system of claim 4, wherein the siphon tube and cylinder are concentric. 6. The fire suppression system of claim 4, wherein the effective capacitance is also based on a stray capacitance of each of the siphon tube and the wall. 7. The fire suppression system of claim 6, wherein the siphon tube comprises opposing first and second ends, the first end coupled to an output of the cylinder, the second end proximate to a base portion of the wall, the cylinder including a gap between the second end and the base portion, the stray capacitance indicative of a size of the gap. 8. The fire suppression system of claim 7, wherein the determination of the amount of suppressant in the inner chamber is based on:
a radius of the siphon tube; a radius of the cylinder; a dielectric constant of the suppressant; a dielectric constant of the pressurant; and a size of the gap between the base portion of the cylinder and the second end of the siphon tube. 9. The fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein the processor is operable to determine the amount of suppressant in the inner chamber based on a predefined mapping between capacitance values and suppressant amounts for the cylinder. 10. The fire suppression system of claim 1, comprising:
an electronic display, the processor operable to display an indication of the amount of suppressant on the electronic display. 11. The fire suppression system of claim 1, comprising:
a measuring circuit operable to measure the capacitance between the first and second electrodes and provide the measured capacitance to the processor. 12. A method for determining an amount of suppressant in a cylinder, comprising:
measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with a suppressant within a cylinder; and a determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the first electrode and second electrode is also in contact with a pressurant within the cylinder. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the capacitance is an effective capacitance based on a first capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the suppressant as a dielectric medium, and a second capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the pressurant as a dielectric medium. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the effective capacitance is also based on a stray capacitance of each of the first and second electrodes. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode comprises utilizing a wall of the cylinder as one of the first and second electrodes, and utilizing a siphon tube disposed within the cylinder as the other of the first and second electrodes. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder is based on each of the following:
a radius of the siphon tube; a radius of the cylinder; a dielectric constant of the suppressant; a dielectric constant of the pressurant; and a size of a gap between a base portion of the cylinder and an end of the siphon tube. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein said a determining an amount of the suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance is performed using a predefined mapping between capacitance values and suppressant amounts for the cylinder. 19. A fire suppression system, comprising:
a cylinder comprising a wall defining an inner chamber; a siphon tube disposed within the inner chamber and spaced apart from the wall; and a processor operable determine a level of suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between the wall and the siphon tube. 20. The fire suppression system of claim 19, wherein the capacitance is an effective capacitance based on a first capacitance between the siphon tube and wall with the suppressant as a dielectric medium, and a second capacitance between the siphon tube and wall with a pressurant as a dielectric medium. | An example fire suppression system includes a cylinder having a wall defining an inner chamber, and a processor operable to determine an amount of a suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with the suppressant. An example method for determining an amount of suppressant in a cylinder includes measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with a suppressant within a cylinder, and a determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance.1. A fire suppression system, comprising:
a cylinder having a wall defining an inner chamber; and a processor operable to determine an amount of a suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with the suppressant. 2. The fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein each of the first electrode and second electrode is also in contact with a pressurant in the inner chamber. 3. The fire suppression system of claim 2, wherein the capacitance is an effective capacitance based on a first capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the suppressant as a dielectric medium, and a second capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the pressurant as a dielectric medium. 4. The fire suppression system of claim 3, comprising:
a siphon tube disposed within the inner chamber and spaced apart from the wall; wherein one of the first and second electrodes includes the siphon tube, and the other of the first and second electrodes includes the wall. 5. The fire suppression system of claim 4, wherein the siphon tube and cylinder are concentric. 6. The fire suppression system of claim 4, wherein the effective capacitance is also based on a stray capacitance of each of the siphon tube and the wall. 7. The fire suppression system of claim 6, wherein the siphon tube comprises opposing first and second ends, the first end coupled to an output of the cylinder, the second end proximate to a base portion of the wall, the cylinder including a gap between the second end and the base portion, the stray capacitance indicative of a size of the gap. 8. The fire suppression system of claim 7, wherein the determination of the amount of suppressant in the inner chamber is based on:
a radius of the siphon tube; a radius of the cylinder; a dielectric constant of the suppressant; a dielectric constant of the pressurant; and a size of the gap between the base portion of the cylinder and the second end of the siphon tube. 9. The fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein the processor is operable to determine the amount of suppressant in the inner chamber based on a predefined mapping between capacitance values and suppressant amounts for the cylinder. 10. The fire suppression system of claim 1, comprising:
an electronic display, the processor operable to display an indication of the amount of suppressant on the electronic display. 11. The fire suppression system of claim 1, comprising:
a measuring circuit operable to measure the capacitance between the first and second electrodes and provide the measured capacitance to the processor. 12. A method for determining an amount of suppressant in a cylinder, comprising:
measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with a suppressant within a cylinder; and a determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the first electrode and second electrode is also in contact with a pressurant within the cylinder. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the capacitance is an effective capacitance based on a first capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the suppressant as a dielectric medium, and a second capacitance between the first and second electrodes with the pressurant as a dielectric medium. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the effective capacitance is also based on a stray capacitance of each of the first and second electrodes. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode comprises utilizing a wall of the cylinder as one of the first and second electrodes, and utilizing a siphon tube disposed within the cylinder as the other of the first and second electrodes. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder is based on each of the following:
a radius of the siphon tube; a radius of the cylinder; a dielectric constant of the suppressant; a dielectric constant of the pressurant; and a size of a gap between a base portion of the cylinder and an end of the siphon tube. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein said a determining an amount of the suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance is performed using a predefined mapping between capacitance values and suppressant amounts for the cylinder. 19. A fire suppression system, comprising:
a cylinder comprising a wall defining an inner chamber; a siphon tube disposed within the inner chamber and spaced apart from the wall; and a processor operable determine a level of suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between the wall and the siphon tube. 20. The fire suppression system of claim 19, wherein the capacitance is an effective capacitance based on a first capacitance between the siphon tube and wall with the suppressant as a dielectric medium, and a second capacitance between the siphon tube and wall with a pressurant as a dielectric medium. | 2,800 |
343,596 | 16,803,034 | 2,874 | The present invention provides a vehicle control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, comprising: a detection unit capable of detecting a situation around the vehicle; and a control unit for controlling the vehicle based on a detection result in the detection unit, wherein based on a fact that lane change of another vehicle that is performed between a first lane in which the vehicle is traveling and a second lane adjacent to the first lane is detected by the detection unit, the control unit changes an operation condition on an occupant for permitting lane change of the vehicle intended by the occupant. | 1. A vehicle control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, comprising:
a detection unit capable of detecting a situation around the vehicle; and a control unit for controlling the vehicle based on a detection result in the detection unit, wherein based on a fact that lane change of another vehicle that is performed between a first lane in which the vehicle is traveling and a second lane adjacent to the first lane is detected by the detection unit, the control unit changes an operation condition on an occupant for permitting lane change of the vehicle intended by the occupant. 2. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein based on lane change of another vehicle that is detected by the detection unit, the control unit tightens the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a lane in which the other vehicle is traveling before the lane change. 3. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the first lane from the second lane, the control unit tightens the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to the second lane from the first lane. 4. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the first lane from the second lane, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a third lane on an opposite side to the second lane with respect to the first lane. 5. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the first lane from the second lane, the control unit changes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a third lane, based on a result of determining whether or not the vehicle can reach a destination when performing lane change to the third lane on an opposite side to the second lane with respect to the first lane. 6. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein based on lane change of another vehicle detected by the detection unit, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a lane in which the other vehicle is traveling after the lane change. 7. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the second lane from the first lane, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to the second lane from the first lane. 8. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects a junction that joins the first lane, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to the second lane from the first lane. 9. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit notifies that the operation condition is changed. 10. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein the operation condition is a condition of an operation that should be performed by the occupant to permit lane change of the vehicle intended by the occupant during control of auto lane changing of the vehicle by the control unit. | The present invention provides a vehicle control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, comprising: a detection unit capable of detecting a situation around the vehicle; and a control unit for controlling the vehicle based on a detection result in the detection unit, wherein based on a fact that lane change of another vehicle that is performed between a first lane in which the vehicle is traveling and a second lane adjacent to the first lane is detected by the detection unit, the control unit changes an operation condition on an occupant for permitting lane change of the vehicle intended by the occupant.1. A vehicle control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, comprising:
a detection unit capable of detecting a situation around the vehicle; and a control unit for controlling the vehicle based on a detection result in the detection unit, wherein based on a fact that lane change of another vehicle that is performed between a first lane in which the vehicle is traveling and a second lane adjacent to the first lane is detected by the detection unit, the control unit changes an operation condition on an occupant for permitting lane change of the vehicle intended by the occupant. 2. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein based on lane change of another vehicle that is detected by the detection unit, the control unit tightens the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a lane in which the other vehicle is traveling before the lane change. 3. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the first lane from the second lane, the control unit tightens the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to the second lane from the first lane. 4. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the first lane from the second lane, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a third lane on an opposite side to the second lane with respect to the first lane. 5. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the first lane from the second lane, the control unit changes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a third lane, based on a result of determining whether or not the vehicle can reach a destination when performing lane change to the third lane on an opposite side to the second lane with respect to the first lane. 6. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein based on lane change of another vehicle detected by the detection unit, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to a lane in which the other vehicle is traveling after the lane change. 7. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects that another vehicle performs lane change to the second lane from the first lane, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to the second lane from the first lane. 8. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the detection unit detects a junction that joins the first lane, the control unit relaxes the operation condition for permitting lane change of the vehicle to the second lane from the first lane. 9. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit notifies that the operation condition is changed. 10. The vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein the operation condition is a condition of an operation that should be performed by the occupant to permit lane change of the vehicle intended by the occupant during control of auto lane changing of the vehicle by the control unit. | 2,800 |
343,597 | 16,803,027 | 2,874 | Some embodiments of the invention include methods of using a compound (e.g., Formula (I)) for the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate by contacting the carbon dioxide with a composition comprising a compound. In certain embodiments, the source of the carbon dioxide is air or is flue gas. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein. | 1. A method for producing formate from carbon dioxide comprising
contacting carbon dioxide with a composition, where the composition comprises (a) a compound selected from Formula (I), salts, optical isomers, geometric isomers, salts of isomers, derivatives thereof, and solvent associated complexes thereof, (b) a solution solvent, and (c) an acid; wherein Formula (I) is 2. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is monovalent H, halogen, —CN, nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, which —NH2, —N(CH3)2, methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl can optionally be substituted with one or more of halogen, oxo (═O), hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, cyano (—CN), ethynyl (—CCH), propynyl, sulfo (—SO3H), morpholinyl, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, phenyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoronated alkyl, —CF3, —OCF3, or C1-C3 alkoxy. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is H, Cl, Br, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein R2 is monovalent H, halogen, —CN, nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, which —NH2, —N(CH3)2, methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl can optionally be substituted with one or more of halogen, oxo (═O), hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, cyano (—CN), ethynyl (—CCH), propynyl, sulfo (—SO3H), morpholinyl, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, phenyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoronated alkyl, —CF3, —OCF3, or C1-C3 alkoxy. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein R2 is H, Cl, Br, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 is H, Cl, hydroxy (—OH), methyl, ethyl, C1-5 alkyl, C3 alkyl, —CN, ethynyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, 2-(morpholinyl)ethoxy, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, ethoxy, methoxy, 5-hydroxy pyridyl, indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, furyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, perfluorinated methyl, or perfluorinated ethyl. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein R4 is H, Cl, hydroxy (—OH), methyl, ethyl, C1-5 alkyl, C3 alkyl, —CN, ethynyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, 2-(morpholinyl)ethoxy, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, ethoxy, methoxy, 5-hydroxy pyridyl, indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, furyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, perfluorinated methyl, or perfluorinated ethyl. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein R4 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are bonded together to form cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, fluorocyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, ethoxycyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, indolinyl, morpholinyl, 5-hydroxy pyridyl, indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, furyl, 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or methylenedioxyphenyl. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are not bonded together. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein M is cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), gallium (Ga), or zinc (Zn). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein M is zinc (Zn). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution solvent is selected from CH3CN, water, a C1-C8 alcohol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, n-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, or a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution solvent is selected from CH3CN, methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, pentanol, or a combination thereof. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid has a pKa of no more than about 14. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid is acetic acid, Et3NHBF4, piperidinium tetrafluoroborate, phosphoric acid, or a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid is acetic acid. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a hydride source. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a hydride source and the hydride source is a chemical hydride source or an electrochemical hydride source. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a chemical hydride source and the chemical hydride source is a metal hydride, NaBH4, or LiAlH4. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an electrochemical hydride source and the electrochemical hydride source is a platinum (Pt) electrode, a palladium (Pd) electrode, or a glassy carbon electrode. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an electrode. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an electrode and the electrode is a platinum (Pt) electrode, a palladium (Pd) electrode, or a glassy carbon electrode. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the composition is from 0° C. to 99° C. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the source of carbon dioxide is from air, from the waste gas of a powerplant, from the byproduct of a chemical reaction, from the byproduct of a catalytic reaction, or a combination thereof. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the source of the carbon dioxide is from a gas and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas is from about 0.01% to about 90%. 28. A method for producing formate from carbon dioxide comprising
(1) contacting carbon dioxide with a first composition to provide a second composition, where the first composition comprises (a) a compound selected from Formula (I), salts, optical isomers, geometric isomers, salts of isomers, derivatives thereof according to claim 1, and solvent associated complexes thereof and (b) a solution solvent, and (2) adding acid to the second composition to produce formate. | Some embodiments of the invention include methods of using a compound (e.g., Formula (I)) for the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate by contacting the carbon dioxide with a composition comprising a compound. In certain embodiments, the source of the carbon dioxide is air or is flue gas. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.1. A method for producing formate from carbon dioxide comprising
contacting carbon dioxide with a composition, where the composition comprises (a) a compound selected from Formula (I), salts, optical isomers, geometric isomers, salts of isomers, derivatives thereof, and solvent associated complexes thereof, (b) a solution solvent, and (c) an acid; wherein Formula (I) is 2. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is monovalent H, halogen, —CN, nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, which —NH2, —N(CH3)2, methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl can optionally be substituted with one or more of halogen, oxo (═O), hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, cyano (—CN), ethynyl (—CCH), propynyl, sulfo (—SO3H), morpholinyl, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, phenyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoronated alkyl, —CF3, —OCF3, or C1-C3 alkoxy. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is H, Cl, Br, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein R2 is monovalent H, halogen, —CN, nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, which —NH2, —N(CH3)2, methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl can optionally be substituted with one or more of halogen, oxo (═O), hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), nitro (—NO2), —NH2, —N(CH3)2, cyano (—CN), ethynyl (—CCH), propynyl, sulfo (—SO3H), morpholinyl, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, phenyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoronated alkyl, —CF3, —OCF3, or C1-C3 alkoxy. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein R2 is H, Cl, Br, hydroxy (—OH), methanoyl (—COH), carboxy (—CO2H), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 is H, Cl, hydroxy (—OH), methyl, ethyl, C1-5 alkyl, C3 alkyl, —CN, ethynyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, 2-(morpholinyl)ethoxy, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, ethoxy, methoxy, 5-hydroxy pyridyl, indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, furyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, perfluorinated methyl, or perfluorinated ethyl. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein R4 is H, Cl, hydroxy (—OH), methyl, ethyl, C1-5 alkyl, C3 alkyl, —CN, ethynyl, —CONH2, —CON(CH3)2, 2-(morpholinyl)ethoxy, —CO-morpholin-4-yl, ethoxy, methoxy, 5-hydroxy pyridyl, indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, furyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, perfluorinated methyl, or perfluorinated ethyl. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein R4 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or phenyl. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are bonded together to form cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, fluorocyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, ethoxycyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, indolinyl, morpholinyl, 5-hydroxy pyridyl, indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, furyl, 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or methylenedioxyphenyl. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are not bonded together. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein M is cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), gallium (Ga), or zinc (Zn). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein M is zinc (Zn). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution solvent is selected from CH3CN, water, a C1-C8 alcohol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, n-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, or a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution solvent is selected from CH3CN, methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, pentanol, or a combination thereof. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid has a pKa of no more than about 14. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid is acetic acid, Et3NHBF4, piperidinium tetrafluoroborate, phosphoric acid, or a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid is acetic acid. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a hydride source. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a hydride source and the hydride source is a chemical hydride source or an electrochemical hydride source. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a chemical hydride source and the chemical hydride source is a metal hydride, NaBH4, or LiAlH4. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an electrochemical hydride source and the electrochemical hydride source is a platinum (Pt) electrode, a palladium (Pd) electrode, or a glassy carbon electrode. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an electrode. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an electrode and the electrode is a platinum (Pt) electrode, a palladium (Pd) electrode, or a glassy carbon electrode. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the composition is from 0° C. to 99° C. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the source of carbon dioxide is from air, from the waste gas of a powerplant, from the byproduct of a chemical reaction, from the byproduct of a catalytic reaction, or a combination thereof. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the source of the carbon dioxide is from a gas and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas is from about 0.01% to about 90%. 28. A method for producing formate from carbon dioxide comprising
(1) contacting carbon dioxide with a first composition to provide a second composition, where the first composition comprises (a) a compound selected from Formula (I), salts, optical isomers, geometric isomers, salts of isomers, derivatives thereof according to claim 1, and solvent associated complexes thereof and (b) a solution solvent, and (2) adding acid to the second composition to produce formate. | 2,800 |
343,598 | 16,803,045 | 2,874 | A phosphor-containing member includes a transparent member, and particles of a single crystal phosphor dispersed in the transparent member. The single crystal phosphor has a composition represented by a compositional formula (Y1−a−bLuaCeb)3+cAl5−cO12 (where 0≤a≤0.9994, 0.0002≤b≤0.0067, −0.016≤c≤0.315), and Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates x, y of an emission spectrum satisfy a relationship of −0.4377x+0.7384≤y≤−0.4377x+0.7504 when a peak wavelength of excitation light is 450 nm and temperature is 25° C. | 1. A phosphor-containing member, comprising:
a transparent member; and particles of a single crystal phosphor dispersed in the transparent member, wherein the single crystal phosphor has a composition represented by a compositional formula (Y1−a−bLuaCeb)3+cAl5−cO12 (where 0≤a≤0.9994, 0.0002≤b≤0.0067, −0.016≤c≤0.315), and Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates x, y of an emission spectrum satisfy a relationship of −0.4377x+0.7384≤y≤−0.4377x+0.7504 when a peak wavelength of excitation light is 450 nm and temperature is 25° C. 2. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 1, wherein the transparent member includes a transparent resin or a transparent inorganic material. 3. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 1, wherein a value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is in a range of 0.0222≤a≤0.9994. 4. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 1, wherein the value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is 0. 5. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 1. 6. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 2, wherein a value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is in a range of 0.0222≤a≤0.9994. 7. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 2, wherein the value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is 0. 8. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 2. 9. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 3. 10. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 4. | A phosphor-containing member includes a transparent member, and particles of a single crystal phosphor dispersed in the transparent member. The single crystal phosphor has a composition represented by a compositional formula (Y1−a−bLuaCeb)3+cAl5−cO12 (where 0≤a≤0.9994, 0.0002≤b≤0.0067, −0.016≤c≤0.315), and Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates x, y of an emission spectrum satisfy a relationship of −0.4377x+0.7384≤y≤−0.4377x+0.7504 when a peak wavelength of excitation light is 450 nm and temperature is 25° C.1. A phosphor-containing member, comprising:
a transparent member; and particles of a single crystal phosphor dispersed in the transparent member, wherein the single crystal phosphor has a composition represented by a compositional formula (Y1−a−bLuaCeb)3+cAl5−cO12 (where 0≤a≤0.9994, 0.0002≤b≤0.0067, −0.016≤c≤0.315), and Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates x, y of an emission spectrum satisfy a relationship of −0.4377x+0.7384≤y≤−0.4377x+0.7504 when a peak wavelength of excitation light is 450 nm and temperature is 25° C. 2. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 1, wherein the transparent member includes a transparent resin or a transparent inorganic material. 3. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 1, wherein a value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is in a range of 0.0222≤a≤0.9994. 4. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 1, wherein the value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is 0. 5. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 1. 6. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 2, wherein a value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is in a range of 0.0222≤a≤0.9994. 7. The phosphor-containing member according to claim 2, wherein the value of “a” in the compositional formula of the single crystal phosphor is 0. 8. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 2. 9. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 3. 10. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a light-emitting element to emit a bluish light; and the phosphor containing member according to claim 4. | 2,800 |
343,599 | 16,803,023 | 2,874 | The invention generally relates to apparatuses for focusing ions at or above ambient pressure and methods of use thereof. In certain embodiments, the invention provides an apparatus for focusing ions that includes an electrode having a cavity, at least one inlet within the electrode configured to operatively couple with an ionization source, such that discharge generated by the ionization source is injected into the cavity of the electrode, and an outlet. The cavity in the electrode is shaped such that upon application of voltage to the electrode, ions within the cavity are focused and directed to the outlet, which is positioned such that a proximal end of the outlet receives the focused ions and a distal end of the outlet is open to ambient pressure. | 1-36. (canceled) 37. A method for analyzing a sample, the method comprising:
causing a discharge from a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source to impact a sample on a substrate in a manner that the sample is desorbed and ionized to produce sample ions; focusing the sample ions; directing the samples ions that have been focused into an inlet of a mass spectrometer; and analyzing the sample ions. 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein focusing comprises:
injecting the sample ions into a cavity of an electrode, the cavity being shaped to focus ions; applying a voltage to the electrode, thereby focusing the sample ions; and directing the sample ions to an outlet positioned with respect to the cavity to receive the sample ions that have been focused. 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein the cavity comprises an ellipsoidal shape. 40. The method according to claim 37, wherein the focusing step is performed at ambient pressure. 41. The method according to claim 37, wherein the method further comprises transferring the sample ions through an ion transfer member prior to the focusing step. 42. The method according to claim 37, wherein the mass spectrometer is a bench-top mass spectrometer or a miniature mass spectrometer. 43. The method according to claim 42, wherein the focused ions are continuously directed into the miniature mass spectrometer. 44. The method according to claim 38, wherein the cavity further comprises:
at least one inlet within the electrode configured to operatively couple with the DESI source, such that discharge generated by the DESI source that has reflected from the substrate comprising the sample is injected into the cavity of the electrode; and an outlet; wherein the cavity in the electrode is shaped such that upon application of voltage to the electrode, ions within the cavity are focused and directed to the outlet, which is positioned such that a proximal end of the outlet receives the focused ions and a distal end of the outlet is open to ambient pressure. 45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the cavity comprises an ellipsoidal shape. 46. The method according to claim 44, wherein the cavity is pressurized. 47. The method according to claim 44, wherein the outlet is connected to the electrode. 48. The method according to claim 44, wherein the outlet is spaced from the electrode. 49. The system according to claim 44, wherein the outlet is grounded. 50. The system according to claim 44, further comprising a gas inlet. 51. The system according to claim 44, further comprising a plurality of ring electrodes positioned within an interior portion of the cavity such that they are aligned with the outlet, wherein the electrodes are arranged in order of decreasing inner diameter with respect to the outlet. | The invention generally relates to apparatuses for focusing ions at or above ambient pressure and methods of use thereof. In certain embodiments, the invention provides an apparatus for focusing ions that includes an electrode having a cavity, at least one inlet within the electrode configured to operatively couple with an ionization source, such that discharge generated by the ionization source is injected into the cavity of the electrode, and an outlet. The cavity in the electrode is shaped such that upon application of voltage to the electrode, ions within the cavity are focused and directed to the outlet, which is positioned such that a proximal end of the outlet receives the focused ions and a distal end of the outlet is open to ambient pressure.1-36. (canceled) 37. A method for analyzing a sample, the method comprising:
causing a discharge from a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source to impact a sample on a substrate in a manner that the sample is desorbed and ionized to produce sample ions; focusing the sample ions; directing the samples ions that have been focused into an inlet of a mass spectrometer; and analyzing the sample ions. 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein focusing comprises:
injecting the sample ions into a cavity of an electrode, the cavity being shaped to focus ions; applying a voltage to the electrode, thereby focusing the sample ions; and directing the sample ions to an outlet positioned with respect to the cavity to receive the sample ions that have been focused. 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein the cavity comprises an ellipsoidal shape. 40. The method according to claim 37, wherein the focusing step is performed at ambient pressure. 41. The method according to claim 37, wherein the method further comprises transferring the sample ions through an ion transfer member prior to the focusing step. 42. The method according to claim 37, wherein the mass spectrometer is a bench-top mass spectrometer or a miniature mass spectrometer. 43. The method according to claim 42, wherein the focused ions are continuously directed into the miniature mass spectrometer. 44. The method according to claim 38, wherein the cavity further comprises:
at least one inlet within the electrode configured to operatively couple with the DESI source, such that discharge generated by the DESI source that has reflected from the substrate comprising the sample is injected into the cavity of the electrode; and an outlet; wherein the cavity in the electrode is shaped such that upon application of voltage to the electrode, ions within the cavity are focused and directed to the outlet, which is positioned such that a proximal end of the outlet receives the focused ions and a distal end of the outlet is open to ambient pressure. 45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the cavity comprises an ellipsoidal shape. 46. The method according to claim 44, wherein the cavity is pressurized. 47. The method according to claim 44, wherein the outlet is connected to the electrode. 48. The method according to claim 44, wherein the outlet is spaced from the electrode. 49. The system according to claim 44, wherein the outlet is grounded. 50. The system according to claim 44, further comprising a gas inlet. 51. The system according to claim 44, further comprising a plurality of ring electrodes positioned within an interior portion of the cavity such that they are aligned with the outlet, wherein the electrodes are arranged in order of decreasing inner diameter with respect to the outlet. | 2,800 |
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