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343,200 | 16,802,617 | 2,148 | The invention provides a maintenance recommendation system in which an inspection item is presented timely in the halfway of an inspection, accuracy of failure mode identification is improved, a failure mode is identified at an early stage, meanwhile, a time required for investigating a content of the failure is reduced, and a time from device failure to reset is shortened. The maintenance recommendation system includes: a primary storage unit that stores an input inspection result; a failure mode probability calculation unit that is configured to calculate a probability of a failure mode based on the inspection result stored in the primary storage unit; an inspection item search unit that is configured to extract an inspection item with the minimum inspection score from uninspected inspection items; and a main routine operation unit that is configured to narrow down a failure mode candidate and an inspection item candidate from all inspection items. | 1. A maintenance recommendation system comprising:
a primary storage unit that stores an input inspection result; a failure mode probability calculation unit that is configured to calculate a probability of a failure mode based on the inspection result stored in the primary storage unit; an inspection item search unit that is configured to extract an inspection item with the minimum inspection score from uninspected inspection items; and a main routine operation unit that is configured to narrow down a failure mode candidate and an inspection item candidate from all inspection items. 2. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an inspection item probability table that stores a probability at which the inspection item occur; a failure mode probability table that stores occurrence probability of the failure mode; an inspection cost tree that stores inspection costs in a tree-diagram; and a failure mode risk table that stores a treatment cost of the failure mode. 3. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the failure mode probability calculation unit is configured to calculate a probability of the failure mode based on a conditional probability (at which the inspection item occurs), and an occurrence probability (failure mode). 4. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the inspection item search unit is configured to calculate conditional entropy based on uninspected inspection items, to calculate an inspection cost based on an inspection cost tree, and to calculate an inspection score based on the conditional entropy and the inspection cost. 5. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the input inspection result is executed with respect to an inspection item behavior of an inspection portion. 6. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the failure mode candidate is displayed with a failure mode, a probability of the failure mode, and a treatment cost of the failure mode. 7. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
an inspection item of which an inspection result is already input is not displayed in the inspection item candidate. | The invention provides a maintenance recommendation system in which an inspection item is presented timely in the halfway of an inspection, accuracy of failure mode identification is improved, a failure mode is identified at an early stage, meanwhile, a time required for investigating a content of the failure is reduced, and a time from device failure to reset is shortened. The maintenance recommendation system includes: a primary storage unit that stores an input inspection result; a failure mode probability calculation unit that is configured to calculate a probability of a failure mode based on the inspection result stored in the primary storage unit; an inspection item search unit that is configured to extract an inspection item with the minimum inspection score from uninspected inspection items; and a main routine operation unit that is configured to narrow down a failure mode candidate and an inspection item candidate from all inspection items.1. A maintenance recommendation system comprising:
a primary storage unit that stores an input inspection result; a failure mode probability calculation unit that is configured to calculate a probability of a failure mode based on the inspection result stored in the primary storage unit; an inspection item search unit that is configured to extract an inspection item with the minimum inspection score from uninspected inspection items; and a main routine operation unit that is configured to narrow down a failure mode candidate and an inspection item candidate from all inspection items. 2. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an inspection item probability table that stores a probability at which the inspection item occur; a failure mode probability table that stores occurrence probability of the failure mode; an inspection cost tree that stores inspection costs in a tree-diagram; and a failure mode risk table that stores a treatment cost of the failure mode. 3. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the failure mode probability calculation unit is configured to calculate a probability of the failure mode based on a conditional probability (at which the inspection item occurs), and an occurrence probability (failure mode). 4. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the inspection item search unit is configured to calculate conditional entropy based on uninspected inspection items, to calculate an inspection cost based on an inspection cost tree, and to calculate an inspection score based on the conditional entropy and the inspection cost. 5. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the input inspection result is executed with respect to an inspection item behavior of an inspection portion. 6. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
the failure mode candidate is displayed with a failure mode, a probability of the failure mode, and a treatment cost of the failure mode. 7. The maintenance recommendation system according to claim 1, wherein
an inspection item of which an inspection result is already input is not displayed in the inspection item candidate. | 2,100 |
343,201 | 16,802,625 | 2,148 | A computer program product comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating the roof trusses and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing, by at least one processor, the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating, by at least one processor, the roof trusses and the plurality of members; analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value; modifying, by at least one processor, the members involved in the conflicting interface; and identifying, by at least one processor, the members involved in the conflicting interface, the type of conflict, and the modification of the member involved in the conflict. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, analyzing, by at least one processor, each member of a roof truss for internal interfaces. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the roof trusses are isolated based on their location and positioning within the model. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating the roof trusses and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, analyzing each member of a roof truss for internal interfaces. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating the roof trusses and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, analyzing each member of a roof truss for internal interfaces. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. | A computer program product comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating the roof trusses and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing, by at least one processor, the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating, by at least one processor, the roof trusses and the plurality of members; analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value; modifying, by at least one processor, the members involved in the conflicting interface; and identifying, by at least one processor, the members involved in the conflicting interface, the type of conflict, and the modification of the member involved in the conflict. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, analyzing, by at least one processor, each member of a roof truss for internal interfaces. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the roof trusses are isolated based on their location and positioning within the model. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating the roof trusses and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, analyzing each member of a roof truss for internal interfaces. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as roof trusses, wherein the roof truss is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the roof trusses to determine if a roof truss has an external interface with another roof truss; isolating the roof trusses and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the roof trusses which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, analyzing each member of a roof truss for internal interfaces. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. | 2,100 |
343,202 | 16,802,621 | 2,148 | A computer program product comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; comparing, by at least one processor, the actual floor joist assembly and members with a baseline floor joist assembly and members, wherein the comparison determines if the actual floor joist assembly is a floor joist assembly. analyzing, by at least one processor, the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating, by at least one processor, the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, analyzing, by at least one processor, each member of a floor joist for internal interfaces. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the floor joist members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the floor joists are isolated based on their location and positioning within the model. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, analyzing each member of a floor joist for internal interfaces. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the floor joist members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, analyzing each member of a floor joist for internal interfaces. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the floor joist members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. | A computer program product comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; comparing, by at least one processor, the actual floor joist assembly and members with a baseline floor joist assembly and members, wherein the comparison determines if the actual floor joist assembly is a floor joist assembly. analyzing, by at least one processor, the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating, by at least one processor, the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, analyzing, by at least one processor, each member of a floor joist for internal interfaces. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the floor joist members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the floor joists are isolated based on their location and positioning within the model. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, analyzing each member of a floor joist for internal interfaces. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the floor joist members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as floor joists, wherein the floor joist is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the floor joists to determine if a floor joist has an external interface with another floor joist; isolating the floor joists and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the floor joists which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, analyzing each member of a floor joist for internal interfaces. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the floor joist members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. | 2,100 |
343,203 | 16,802,599 | 2,148 | Sensor system comprising a frame supporting a force-sensing tip arranged to generate a signal based upon a force applied by said force-sensing tip to a material to be tested, the system further comprising: | 1. Sensor system comprising a frame supporting a force-sensing tip arranged to generate a signal based upon a force applied by said force-sensing tip to a material to be tested, said system further comprising:
an input drum mounted in said frame such that it can rotate about an input axis of rotation; an output lever supported by said frame by means of an output revolute joint defining an output axis of rotation; wherein said force-sensing tip is mounted on said output lever such that said force-sensing tip is arranged to be brought into contact with a material to be tested; and wherein said sensor system comprises a mechanical transmission arranged to kinematically link said input drum to said output lever such that a rotation of said input drum about said input axis of rotation causes said output lever to pivot in an oscillatory manner about said output axis of rotation. 2. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said mechanical transmission comprises a connecting lever arranged to interact with the input drum at a point on said input drum which is eccentric with respect to the input axis via a universal joint having two degrees of freedom in bending, and which is pivotally connected to said output lever via a revolute connecting joint defining an intermediate axis of rotation which is situated in a plane parallel to the input axis and perpendicular to the output axis. 3. Sensor system according to claim 2, wherein said connecting lever, said universal joint and said output lever are monobloc. 4. Sensor system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of said universal joint and said revolute connecting joint comprise at least one flexure pivot. 5. Sensor system according to claim 4, wherein both of said universal joint and said revolute connecting joint comprise at least one flexure pivot. 6. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said input drum comprises a cam surface, and wherein mechanical transmission comprises a cam follower integrated with said output lever, said cam follower being maintained in contact with said cam surface. 7. Sensor system according to claim 6, wherein said cam follower and said output lever are monobloc. 8. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said output revolute joint is a defined by a flexure pivot system such as a remote centre compliance pivot. 9. Sensor system according to claim 8, wherein said flexure pivot system and said output lever are monobloc. 10. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said frame is adapted to be hand-held. 11. Sensor system according to claim 10, wherein said frame is substantially tubular. 12. Sensor system according to claim 11, wherein said frame has a diameter of 3 mm or less. 13. Sensor system according to claim 12, wherein said frame has a diameter of 2 mm or less. 14. Sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising a force limiter adapted to prohibit application of an excessive force to said material by said tip. 15. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said sensor system is adapted for making measurements of biological tissue. 16. Sensor system according to claim 15, wherein said sensor system is adapted for intra-aural use. 17. Sensor system according to claim 16, wherein said material is an ossicle. | Sensor system comprising a frame supporting a force-sensing tip arranged to generate a signal based upon a force applied by said force-sensing tip to a material to be tested, the system further comprising:1. Sensor system comprising a frame supporting a force-sensing tip arranged to generate a signal based upon a force applied by said force-sensing tip to a material to be tested, said system further comprising:
an input drum mounted in said frame such that it can rotate about an input axis of rotation; an output lever supported by said frame by means of an output revolute joint defining an output axis of rotation; wherein said force-sensing tip is mounted on said output lever such that said force-sensing tip is arranged to be brought into contact with a material to be tested; and wherein said sensor system comprises a mechanical transmission arranged to kinematically link said input drum to said output lever such that a rotation of said input drum about said input axis of rotation causes said output lever to pivot in an oscillatory manner about said output axis of rotation. 2. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said mechanical transmission comprises a connecting lever arranged to interact with the input drum at a point on said input drum which is eccentric with respect to the input axis via a universal joint having two degrees of freedom in bending, and which is pivotally connected to said output lever via a revolute connecting joint defining an intermediate axis of rotation which is situated in a plane parallel to the input axis and perpendicular to the output axis. 3. Sensor system according to claim 2, wherein said connecting lever, said universal joint and said output lever are monobloc. 4. Sensor system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of said universal joint and said revolute connecting joint comprise at least one flexure pivot. 5. Sensor system according to claim 4, wherein both of said universal joint and said revolute connecting joint comprise at least one flexure pivot. 6. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said input drum comprises a cam surface, and wherein mechanical transmission comprises a cam follower integrated with said output lever, said cam follower being maintained in contact with said cam surface. 7. Sensor system according to claim 6, wherein said cam follower and said output lever are monobloc. 8. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said output revolute joint is a defined by a flexure pivot system such as a remote centre compliance pivot. 9. Sensor system according to claim 8, wherein said flexure pivot system and said output lever are monobloc. 10. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said frame is adapted to be hand-held. 11. Sensor system according to claim 10, wherein said frame is substantially tubular. 12. Sensor system according to claim 11, wherein said frame has a diameter of 3 mm or less. 13. Sensor system according to claim 12, wherein said frame has a diameter of 2 mm or less. 14. Sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising a force limiter adapted to prohibit application of an excessive force to said material by said tip. 15. Sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said sensor system is adapted for making measurements of biological tissue. 16. Sensor system according to claim 15, wherein said sensor system is adapted for intra-aural use. 17. Sensor system according to claim 16, wherein said material is an ossicle. | 2,100 |
343,204 | 16,802,596 | 2,148 | A scoring method executed by a processor, includes: acquiring sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition; extracting joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data; acquiring an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other; and evaluating a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. | 1. A scoring method executed by a processor, the scoring method comprising:
acquiring sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition; extracting joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data; acquiring an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other; and evaluating a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. 2. The scoring method according to claim 1, wherein
the evaluation index includes a posture condition for success of a skill in a performance such that the posture condition is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate a success or failure of the skill by comparing the condition with a posture of the competitor, the posture being obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item. 3. The scoring method according to claim 1, wherein
the evaluation index includes information on a series of ideal motions of joints in a predetermined performance such that the information is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate the degree of perfection, based on how much a series of joint motions of the competitor that is obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item deviates from the series of the ideal joint motions. 4. The scoring method according to claim 1, further including:
outputting the evaluation result, receiving a specification of a specific time point in the performance, and displaying a value of the evaluation item, the value being obtained from joint information of an actual competitor, the joint information corresponding to the specific time point, together with a 3D model based on the joint information of the competitor, the joint information being obtained from sensor data corresponding to a specified first time point. 5. The scoring method according to claim 1, further including:
outputting the evaluation result, and based on sensor data corresponding to a specific section among sensor data in a section of the performance, displaying a shift in a distance between joints, a shift in a distance between a certain joint or a specific part and a reference plane, and a shift in an angle formed by the certain joint or the specific part and the reference plane. 6. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing therein a scoring program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
acquiring sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition; extracting joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data; acquiring an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other; and evaluating a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein
the evaluation index includes a posture condition for success of a skill in a performance such that the posture condition is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate a success or failure of the skill by comparing the condition with a posture of the competitor, the posture being obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein
the evaluation index includes information on a series of ideal joint motions in a predetermined performance such that the information is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate the degree of perfection, based on how much a series of joint motions of the competitor that is obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item deviates from the series of the ideal joint motions. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the process further includes:
outputting the evaluation result, receiving a specification of a specific time point in the performance, and displaying a value of the evaluation item, the value being obtained from joint information of an actual competitor, the information corresponding to the specific time point, together with a 3D model based on the joint information of the competitor, the information being obtained from sensor data corresponding to a specified first time point. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the process further includes:
outputting the evaluation result, and based on sensor data corresponding to a specific section among sensor data in a section of the performance, displaying a shift in a distance between joints, a shift in a distance between a certain joint or a specific part and a reference plane, and a shift in an angle formed by the certain joint or the specific part and the reference plane. 11. A scoring apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition, and extract joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data, and
acquire an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other, and evaluate a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. 12. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the evaluation index includes a posture condition for success of a skill in a performance such that the posture condition is associated with the evaluation item, and the processor is further configured to: evaluate a success or failure of the skill by comparing the condition with a posture of the competitor, the posture being obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item. 13. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the evaluation index includes information on a series of ideal joint motions in a predetermined performance such that the information is associated with the evaluation item, and the processor is further configured to: evaluate the degree of perfection, based on how much a series of joint motions of the competitor that is obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item deviates from the series of the ideal joint motions. 14. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output the evaluation result, receive a specification of a specific time point in the performance, and display a value of the evaluation item, the value being obtained from joint information of an actual competitor, the information corresponding to the specific time point, together with a 3D model based on the joint information of the competitor, the information being obtained from sensor data corresponding to a specified first time point. 15. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output the evaluation result, and based on sensor data corresponding to a specific section among sensor data in a section of the performance, display a shift in a distance between joints, a shift in a distance between a certain joint or a specific part and a reference plane, and a shift in an angle formed by the certain joint or the specific part and the reference plane. | A scoring method executed by a processor, includes: acquiring sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition; extracting joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data; acquiring an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other; and evaluating a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index.1. A scoring method executed by a processor, the scoring method comprising:
acquiring sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition; extracting joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data; acquiring an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other; and evaluating a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. 2. The scoring method according to claim 1, wherein
the evaluation index includes a posture condition for success of a skill in a performance such that the posture condition is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate a success or failure of the skill by comparing the condition with a posture of the competitor, the posture being obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item. 3. The scoring method according to claim 1, wherein
the evaluation index includes information on a series of ideal motions of joints in a predetermined performance such that the information is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate the degree of perfection, based on how much a series of joint motions of the competitor that is obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item deviates from the series of the ideal joint motions. 4. The scoring method according to claim 1, further including:
outputting the evaluation result, receiving a specification of a specific time point in the performance, and displaying a value of the evaluation item, the value being obtained from joint information of an actual competitor, the joint information corresponding to the specific time point, together with a 3D model based on the joint information of the competitor, the joint information being obtained from sensor data corresponding to a specified first time point. 5. The scoring method according to claim 1, further including:
outputting the evaluation result, and based on sensor data corresponding to a specific section among sensor data in a section of the performance, displaying a shift in a distance between joints, a shift in a distance between a certain joint or a specific part and a reference plane, and a shift in an angle formed by the certain joint or the specific part and the reference plane. 6. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing therein a scoring program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
acquiring sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition; extracting joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data; acquiring an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other; and evaluating a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein
the evaluation index includes a posture condition for success of a skill in a performance such that the posture condition is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate a success or failure of the skill by comparing the condition with a posture of the competitor, the posture being obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein
the evaluation index includes information on a series of ideal joint motions in a predetermined performance such that the information is associated with the evaluation item, and the evaluating is to evaluate the degree of perfection, based on how much a series of joint motions of the competitor that is obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item deviates from the series of the ideal joint motions. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the process further includes:
outputting the evaluation result, receiving a specification of a specific time point in the performance, and displaying a value of the evaluation item, the value being obtained from joint information of an actual competitor, the information corresponding to the specific time point, together with a 3D model based on the joint information of the competitor, the information being obtained from sensor data corresponding to a specified first time point. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the process further includes:
outputting the evaluation result, and based on sensor data corresponding to a specific section among sensor data in a section of the performance, displaying a shift in a distance between joints, a shift in a distance between a certain joint or a specific part and a reference plane, and a shift in an angle formed by the certain joint or the specific part and the reference plane. 11. A scoring apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire sensor data obtained by measuring a competitor in a scoring competition, and extract joint information of the competitor, based on an analysis result of the sensor data, and
acquire an evaluation item and an evaluation index that correspond to the joint information of the competitor, based on a rule in which a posture specified by a series of joint motions and joint angles, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index for performance evaluation are associated with each other, and evaluate a success or failure of a skill and a degree of perfection of the skill in a performance of the competitor, based on the analysis result, the evaluation item, and the evaluation index. 12. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the evaluation index includes a posture condition for success of a skill in a performance such that the posture condition is associated with the evaluation item, and the processor is further configured to: evaluate a success or failure of the skill by comparing the condition with a posture of the competitor, the posture being obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item. 13. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the evaluation index includes information on a series of ideal joint motions in a predetermined performance such that the information is associated with the evaluation item, and the processor is further configured to: evaluate the degree of perfection, based on how much a series of joint motions of the competitor that is obtained from joint information corresponding to the evaluation item deviates from the series of the ideal joint motions. 14. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output the evaluation result, receive a specification of a specific time point in the performance, and display a value of the evaluation item, the value being obtained from joint information of an actual competitor, the information corresponding to the specific time point, together with a 3D model based on the joint information of the competitor, the information being obtained from sensor data corresponding to a specified first time point. 15. The scoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output the evaluation result, and based on sensor data corresponding to a specific section among sensor data in a section of the performance, display a shift in a distance between joints, a shift in a distance between a certain joint or a specific part and a reference plane, and a shift in an angle formed by the certain joint or the specific part and the reference plane. | 2,100 |
343,205 | 16,802,598 | 2,148 | A bulk fluid storage container includes a frame assembly having a lower rectangular frame, first and second wheel assemblies extending from opposite ends of the lower rectangular frame, and an upper rectangular frame member arranged in spaced relation to the lower rectangular frame member by a plurality of vertically extending posts. The bulk fluid storage container also includes a fluid storage vessel having first and second end walls held in spaced relation by first and second side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall, which defines a fluid storage volume. A baffle assembly having a plurality of baffle plates is disposed in a space relationship in the fluid storage volume. The frame assembly provides an exoskeletal structure which surrounds the fluid storage vessel and is configured to support a second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship. | 1. A bulk fluid storage container comprising:
a fluid storage vessel defining a sealed fluid storage volume for storing a fluid, the fluid storage vessel having a top port for filling the fluid storage volume, one or more upper ports for venting the fluid storage volume to maintain an atmospheric pressure therein and one or more lower ports for draining the fluid storage volume; and a frame assembly including a lower frame member arranged below the fluid storage vessel, an upper frame member arranged above the fluid storage vessel and a plurality of post circumscribing the fluid storage vessel and extending between the lower frame and the upper frame member, wherein the frame assembly provides an exoskeletal structure which surrounds the fluid storage vessel and is configured to support a second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship. 2. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the lower frame member comprises a pair of tubular members extending transversely between a pair of longitudinal rails, wherein the tubular members are configured to receive tines of a lifting fork. 3. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the frame assembly further comprises longitudinal rails arranged on the lower frame member and longitudinal guides arranged on the upper frame member, wherein the longitudinal rails on the bulk fluid storage container are configured to cooperate with the longitudinal guides on the second bulk fluid storage container for aligning the first and second storage containers in the vertically stacked relationship. 4. The bulk fluid storage container according to claims 1, wherein the frame assembly comprises a first wheel assembly extending from a first end of the lower frame member and a second wheel assembly extending from the second end of the lower frame member to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 5. The bulk fluid storage container according to claims 1, wherein frame assembly comprises a ramped section in a front-end region configured to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 6. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 5, wherein the frame assembly further comprises a set of diverging channels arranged on a top wall of the tapered section, a set of longitudinal guides arranged on the upper rectangular frame and aligned with the set of diverging channels and longitudinal rails arranged on the lower rectangular frame, wherein the longitudinal rails on the bulk fluid storage container are configured to cooperate with the diverging channels and the longitudinal guides on the second bulk fluid storage container for aligning the first and second storage containers in the vertically stacked relationship. 7. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, further comprising a vent header configured to be coupled between at least one upper port of the bulk fluid storage container and at least one upper port of the second bulk fluid storage container stacked on top of the first bulk fluid container. 8. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 8, wherein the vent header is configured to extend diagonally between the at least one upper port on the bulk fluid storage container and the second bulk fluid storage container. 9. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, further comprising a vent pipe coupled to at least one upper port and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for maintaining atmospheric pressure within the fluid storage volume. 10. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the frame assembly further comprises a winch coupling formed in a recess of the fluid storage vessel and a coupling plate with a catch configured to receive a hook on a winch cable. 11. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the fluid storage vessel comprises an internal baffle assembly vertically oriented in the fluid storage volume for reducing fluid sloshing and stabilizing the bulk fluid storage container when it is transported in at least a partially filled condition. 12. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the fluid storage vessel is divided with at least one internal baffle plate for separating the fluid storage volume into separate sections for storing diverse fluids. 13. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the fluid storage container further comprises a level detection device in communication with the fluid storage volume for indicating a fluid level within the fluid storage volume. 14. A stackable bulk fluid storage container comprising:
a frame assembly including a lower frame member having longitudinal rails and an upper frame member having longitudinal guides, wherein the lower frame member is arranged in spaced relation to the upper frame member by a plurality of vertically extending posts; a fluid storage vessel for storing a fluid including:
first and second end walls held in spaced relation by first and second side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall which defines a sealed fluid storage volume;
a baffle assembly including a plurality of baffle plates disposed in a space relationship in the fluid storage volume;
a fill port disposed in an upper region of the fluid storage vessel and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for filling the fluid storage volume;
a first port formed through one of the first and second end walls in an upper region of the fluid storage vessel and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for venting the fluid storage volume to maintain an atmospheric pressure therein; and
a second port formed through one of the first and second end walls in a lower region of the fluid storage vessel and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for draining the fluid storage volume;
wherein the frame assembly provides an exoskeletal structure surrounding the fluid storage vessel and is configured to support a second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship. 15. The stackable bulk fluid storage container according to claim 14, wherein a height of the first end wall is less than a height of the second end wall, and the fluid storage vessel further comprises a ramped section extending from the top of the first end wall to the top wall configured to facilitate loading and stacking of a second bulk fluid storage container onto the bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 16. The stackable bulk fluid storage container according to claim 14, wherein the frame assembly further comprises a first wheel assembly extending from a first end of the lower frame member and a second wheel assembly extending from the second end of the lower frame member to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 17. A stackable bulk fluid storage system comprising:
first and second bulk fluid storage containers, each of the first and second bulk fluid storage containers comprising:
a fluid storage vessel defining a fluid storage volume for storing a fluid, the fluid storage vessel includes a top port formed in the fluid storage vessel for filling the fluid storage volume, one or more upper ports formed in the fluid storage vessel for venting the fluid storage volume to maintain an atmospheric pressure therein and one or more lower ports formed in the fluid storage vessel for draining the fluid storage volume; and
a frame assembly surrounding the fluid storage vessel to provide an exoskeletal structure, the frame assembly having a lower frame member including longitudinal rails arranged below the fluid storage vessel, an upper frame member having longitudinal guides arranged above the fluid storage vessel and a plurality of posts circumscribing the fluid storage vessel and extending between the lower frame member and the upper frame member;
wherein the first bulk fluid storage container supports the second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship and the longitudinal guides on the first bulk fluid storage container cooperate with the longitudinal rails on the second bulk fluid storage container for aligning the first and second bulk fluid storage containers in the vertically stacked relationship. 18. The stackable bulk fluid storage system according to claims 18, wherein the frame assembly of at least the first bulk storage container comprises a ramped section in a front-end region configured to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 19. The stackable bulk fluid storage system comprising according to claims 18, wherein the frame assembly of at least the second bulk storage container comprises a first wheel assembly extending from a first end of the lower frame member and a second wheel assembly extending from the second end of the lower frame member to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. | A bulk fluid storage container includes a frame assembly having a lower rectangular frame, first and second wheel assemblies extending from opposite ends of the lower rectangular frame, and an upper rectangular frame member arranged in spaced relation to the lower rectangular frame member by a plurality of vertically extending posts. The bulk fluid storage container also includes a fluid storage vessel having first and second end walls held in spaced relation by first and second side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall, which defines a fluid storage volume. A baffle assembly having a plurality of baffle plates is disposed in a space relationship in the fluid storage volume. The frame assembly provides an exoskeletal structure which surrounds the fluid storage vessel and is configured to support a second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship.1. A bulk fluid storage container comprising:
a fluid storage vessel defining a sealed fluid storage volume for storing a fluid, the fluid storage vessel having a top port for filling the fluid storage volume, one or more upper ports for venting the fluid storage volume to maintain an atmospheric pressure therein and one or more lower ports for draining the fluid storage volume; and a frame assembly including a lower frame member arranged below the fluid storage vessel, an upper frame member arranged above the fluid storage vessel and a plurality of post circumscribing the fluid storage vessel and extending between the lower frame and the upper frame member, wherein the frame assembly provides an exoskeletal structure which surrounds the fluid storage vessel and is configured to support a second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship. 2. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the lower frame member comprises a pair of tubular members extending transversely between a pair of longitudinal rails, wherein the tubular members are configured to receive tines of a lifting fork. 3. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the frame assembly further comprises longitudinal rails arranged on the lower frame member and longitudinal guides arranged on the upper frame member, wherein the longitudinal rails on the bulk fluid storage container are configured to cooperate with the longitudinal guides on the second bulk fluid storage container for aligning the first and second storage containers in the vertically stacked relationship. 4. The bulk fluid storage container according to claims 1, wherein the frame assembly comprises a first wheel assembly extending from a first end of the lower frame member and a second wheel assembly extending from the second end of the lower frame member to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 5. The bulk fluid storage container according to claims 1, wherein frame assembly comprises a ramped section in a front-end region configured to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 6. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 5, wherein the frame assembly further comprises a set of diverging channels arranged on a top wall of the tapered section, a set of longitudinal guides arranged on the upper rectangular frame and aligned with the set of diverging channels and longitudinal rails arranged on the lower rectangular frame, wherein the longitudinal rails on the bulk fluid storage container are configured to cooperate with the diverging channels and the longitudinal guides on the second bulk fluid storage container for aligning the first and second storage containers in the vertically stacked relationship. 7. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, further comprising a vent header configured to be coupled between at least one upper port of the bulk fluid storage container and at least one upper port of the second bulk fluid storage container stacked on top of the first bulk fluid container. 8. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 8, wherein the vent header is configured to extend diagonally between the at least one upper port on the bulk fluid storage container and the second bulk fluid storage container. 9. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, further comprising a vent pipe coupled to at least one upper port and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for maintaining atmospheric pressure within the fluid storage volume. 10. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the frame assembly further comprises a winch coupling formed in a recess of the fluid storage vessel and a coupling plate with a catch configured to receive a hook on a winch cable. 11. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the fluid storage vessel comprises an internal baffle assembly vertically oriented in the fluid storage volume for reducing fluid sloshing and stabilizing the bulk fluid storage container when it is transported in at least a partially filled condition. 12. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the fluid storage vessel is divided with at least one internal baffle plate for separating the fluid storage volume into separate sections for storing diverse fluids. 13. The bulk fluid storage container according to claim 1, wherein the fluid storage container further comprises a level detection device in communication with the fluid storage volume for indicating a fluid level within the fluid storage volume. 14. A stackable bulk fluid storage container comprising:
a frame assembly including a lower frame member having longitudinal rails and an upper frame member having longitudinal guides, wherein the lower frame member is arranged in spaced relation to the upper frame member by a plurality of vertically extending posts; a fluid storage vessel for storing a fluid including:
first and second end walls held in spaced relation by first and second side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall which defines a sealed fluid storage volume;
a baffle assembly including a plurality of baffle plates disposed in a space relationship in the fluid storage volume;
a fill port disposed in an upper region of the fluid storage vessel and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for filling the fluid storage volume;
a first port formed through one of the first and second end walls in an upper region of the fluid storage vessel and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for venting the fluid storage volume to maintain an atmospheric pressure therein; and
a second port formed through one of the first and second end walls in a lower region of the fluid storage vessel and in fluid communication with the fluid storage volume for draining the fluid storage volume;
wherein the frame assembly provides an exoskeletal structure surrounding the fluid storage vessel and is configured to support a second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship. 15. The stackable bulk fluid storage container according to claim 14, wherein a height of the first end wall is less than a height of the second end wall, and the fluid storage vessel further comprises a ramped section extending from the top of the first end wall to the top wall configured to facilitate loading and stacking of a second bulk fluid storage container onto the bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 16. The stackable bulk fluid storage container according to claim 14, wherein the frame assembly further comprises a first wheel assembly extending from a first end of the lower frame member and a second wheel assembly extending from the second end of the lower frame member to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 17. A stackable bulk fluid storage system comprising:
first and second bulk fluid storage containers, each of the first and second bulk fluid storage containers comprising:
a fluid storage vessel defining a fluid storage volume for storing a fluid, the fluid storage vessel includes a top port formed in the fluid storage vessel for filling the fluid storage volume, one or more upper ports formed in the fluid storage vessel for venting the fluid storage volume to maintain an atmospheric pressure therein and one or more lower ports formed in the fluid storage vessel for draining the fluid storage volume; and
a frame assembly surrounding the fluid storage vessel to provide an exoskeletal structure, the frame assembly having a lower frame member including longitudinal rails arranged below the fluid storage vessel, an upper frame member having longitudinal guides arranged above the fluid storage vessel and a plurality of posts circumscribing the fluid storage vessel and extending between the lower frame member and the upper frame member;
wherein the first bulk fluid storage container supports the second bulk fluid storage container in a vertically stacked relationship and the longitudinal guides on the first bulk fluid storage container cooperate with the longitudinal rails on the second bulk fluid storage container for aligning the first and second bulk fluid storage containers in the vertically stacked relationship. 18. The stackable bulk fluid storage system according to claims 18, wherein the frame assembly of at least the first bulk storage container comprises a ramped section in a front-end region configured to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. 19. The stackable bulk fluid storage system comprising according to claims 18, wherein the frame assembly of at least the second bulk storage container comprises a first wheel assembly extending from a first end of the lower frame member and a second wheel assembly extending from the second end of the lower frame member to facilitate loading and stacking of the second bulk fluid storage container onto the first bulk storage container in the vertically stacked relationship. | 2,100 |
343,206 | 16,802,601 | 2,148 | A first server can generate user profiles and receive requests from user devices for enrollment in a first server-managed system that includes user groups. The first server can provide a unique key to a user device during an enrolment process based on a user group the user device is assigned to. The first server can include an enrollment notification for the user device in a first notification transmitted to a messaging service. The messaging service can transmit a second notification to the user device, and the user device can request a user profile from a second server based on second server access information included in the second notification. The second server can use the unique key to access user profile information which it transmits to the user device based on the request. The user device can access the user profile from the profile information using the unique key. | 1. A method of distributing profiles to user devices, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first server, a request from a user device to enroll in a system; causing a first unique key, corresponding to a first user group associated with a user of the user device, to be provided to the user device based on the request; transmitting, from the first server, a first notification to a messaging service including an enrollment notification for the user device; causing, by the first server, a first user profile for the first user group to be accessible to the user device through a second server; and accessing the first user profile through the second server with the user device based on a second notification from the messaging service, the user device using the first unique key and second server access information to access the first user profile. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second server access information is included in the first notification from the first server to the messaging service and in the second notification from the messaging service to the user device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second server access information includes a first portion of a universal resource locator (“URL”) associated with the second server, and wherein a second portion of the URL is provided to the user device with the first unique key by the first server, and wherein the user device combines the first and second portions of the URL to access the second server and provide the second server with the first unique key. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with the second server, the first unique key from the user device; performing with the second server:
an identification of profile information corresponding to the first profile based on the first unique key, and
a transmittance of the profile information to the user device; and
decrypting, with the user device, the profile information with the first unique key and obtaining the first user profile for implementation on the user device. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising receiving, with the second server, the first profile as the profile information from the first server prior to the identification, wherein the identification includes searching one of a storage and a memory for the second server with the first unique key. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
generating, with the first server, a certificate based on receiving the request from the user device; transmitting the certificate with the first unique key from the first server to the user device; transmitting, with the user device, a profile request to the second server based on the second notification, the profile request including the certificate and the first unique key; and verifying, with the second server, the user device is assigned to the first user group based on the certificate prior to performing the identification. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
partitioning, with the first server, the first profile into segments; transmitting each of the segments to a respective designated user device for the first user group not including the user device; transmitting device information corresponding to the designated user devices from the first server to the second server; requesting respective segments from each of the designated user devices based on the profile information; and combining the segments with the user device using the first unique key. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by a hardware-based processor, performs stages for distributing profiles to user devices, the stages comprising:
receiving, at a first server, a request from a user device to enroll in a system; causing a first unique key, corresponding to a first user group associated with a user of the user device, to be provided to the user device based on the request; transmitting, from the first server, a first notification to a messaging service including an enrollment notification for the user device; causing, by the first server, a first user profile for the first user group to be accessible to the user device through a second server; and accessing the first user profile through the second server with the user device based on a second notification from the messaging service, the user device using the first unique key and second server access information to access the first user profile. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the second server access information is included in the first notification from the first server to the messaging service and in the second notification from the messaging service to the user device. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second server access information includes a first portion of a universal resource locator (“URL”) associated with the second server, and wherein a second portion of the URL is provided to the user device with the first unique key by the first server, and wherein the user device combines the first and second portions of the URL to access the second server and provide the second server with the first unique key. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8, the stages further comprising:
receiving, with the second server, the first unique key from the user device; performing with the second server:
an identification of profile information corresponding to the first profile based on the first unique key, and
a transmittance of the profile information to the user device; and
decrypting, with the user device, the profile information with the first unique key and obtaining the first user profile for implementation on the user device. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, the stages further comprising receiving, with the second server, the first profile as the profile information from the first server prior to the identification, wherein the identification includes searching one of a storage and a memory for the second server with the first unique key. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising:
generating, with the first server, a certificate based on receiving the request from the user device; transmitting the certificate with the first unique key from the first server to the user device; transmitting, with the user device, a profile request to the second server based on the second notification, the profile request including the certificate and the first unique key; and verifying, with the second server, the user device is assigned to the first user group based on the certificate prior to performing the identification. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, the stages further comprising:
partitioning, with the first server, the first profile into segments; transmitting each of the segments to a respective designated user device for the first user group not including the user device; transmitting device information corresponding to the designated user devices from the first server to the second server; requesting respective segments from each of the designated user devices based on the profile information; and combining the segments with the user device using the first unique key. 15. A system for distributing profiles to user devices, comprising:
a memory storage including a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising instructions; and a computing device including a hardware-based processor that executes the instructions to carry out stages comprising:
receiving, at a first server, a request from a user device to enroll in a system;
causing a first unique key, corresponding to a first user group associated with a user of the user device, to be provided to the user device based on the request;
transmitting, from the first server, a first notification to a messaging service including an enrollment notification for the user device;
causing, by the first server, a first user profile for the first user group to be accessible to the user device through a second server; and
accessing the first user profile through the second server with the user device based on a second notification from the messaging service, the user device using the first unique key and second server access information to access the first user profile. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second server access information is included in the first notification from the first server to the messaging service and in the second notification from the messaging service to the user device. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the second server access information includes a first portion of a universal resource locator (“URL”) associated with the second server, and wherein a second portion of the URL is provided to the user device with the first unique key by the first server, and wherein the user device combines the first and second portions of the URL to access the second server and provide the second server with the first unique key. 18. The system of claim 15, the stages further comprising:
receiving, with the second server, the first unique key from the user device; performing with the second server:
an identification of profile information corresponding to the first profile based on the first unique key; and
a transmittance of the profile information to the user device; and
decrypting, with the user device, the profile information with the first unique key and obtaining the first user profile for implementation on the user device. 19. The system of claim 18, the stages further comprising:
generating, with the first server, a certificate based on receiving the request from the user device; transmitting the certificate with the first unique key from the first server to the user device; transmitting, with the user device, a profile request to the second server based on the second notification, the profile request including the certificate and the first unique key; and verifying, with the second server, the user device is assigned to the first user group based on the certificate prior to performing the identification. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
partitioning, with the first server, the first profile into segments; transmitting each of the segments to a respective designated user device for the first user group not including the user device; transmitting device information corresponding to the designated user devices from the first server to the second server; requesting respective segments from each of the designated user devices based on the profile information; and combining the segments with the user device using the first unique key. | A first server can generate user profiles and receive requests from user devices for enrollment in a first server-managed system that includes user groups. The first server can provide a unique key to a user device during an enrolment process based on a user group the user device is assigned to. The first server can include an enrollment notification for the user device in a first notification transmitted to a messaging service. The messaging service can transmit a second notification to the user device, and the user device can request a user profile from a second server based on second server access information included in the second notification. The second server can use the unique key to access user profile information which it transmits to the user device based on the request. The user device can access the user profile from the profile information using the unique key.1. A method of distributing profiles to user devices, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first server, a request from a user device to enroll in a system; causing a first unique key, corresponding to a first user group associated with a user of the user device, to be provided to the user device based on the request; transmitting, from the first server, a first notification to a messaging service including an enrollment notification for the user device; causing, by the first server, a first user profile for the first user group to be accessible to the user device through a second server; and accessing the first user profile through the second server with the user device based on a second notification from the messaging service, the user device using the first unique key and second server access information to access the first user profile. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second server access information is included in the first notification from the first server to the messaging service and in the second notification from the messaging service to the user device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second server access information includes a first portion of a universal resource locator (“URL”) associated with the second server, and wherein a second portion of the URL is provided to the user device with the first unique key by the first server, and wherein the user device combines the first and second portions of the URL to access the second server and provide the second server with the first unique key. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with the second server, the first unique key from the user device; performing with the second server:
an identification of profile information corresponding to the first profile based on the first unique key, and
a transmittance of the profile information to the user device; and
decrypting, with the user device, the profile information with the first unique key and obtaining the first user profile for implementation on the user device. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising receiving, with the second server, the first profile as the profile information from the first server prior to the identification, wherein the identification includes searching one of a storage and a memory for the second server with the first unique key. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
generating, with the first server, a certificate based on receiving the request from the user device; transmitting the certificate with the first unique key from the first server to the user device; transmitting, with the user device, a profile request to the second server based on the second notification, the profile request including the certificate and the first unique key; and verifying, with the second server, the user device is assigned to the first user group based on the certificate prior to performing the identification. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
partitioning, with the first server, the first profile into segments; transmitting each of the segments to a respective designated user device for the first user group not including the user device; transmitting device information corresponding to the designated user devices from the first server to the second server; requesting respective segments from each of the designated user devices based on the profile information; and combining the segments with the user device using the first unique key. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by a hardware-based processor, performs stages for distributing profiles to user devices, the stages comprising:
receiving, at a first server, a request from a user device to enroll in a system; causing a first unique key, corresponding to a first user group associated with a user of the user device, to be provided to the user device based on the request; transmitting, from the first server, a first notification to a messaging service including an enrollment notification for the user device; causing, by the first server, a first user profile for the first user group to be accessible to the user device through a second server; and accessing the first user profile through the second server with the user device based on a second notification from the messaging service, the user device using the first unique key and second server access information to access the first user profile. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the second server access information is included in the first notification from the first server to the messaging service and in the second notification from the messaging service to the user device. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second server access information includes a first portion of a universal resource locator (“URL”) associated with the second server, and wherein a second portion of the URL is provided to the user device with the first unique key by the first server, and wherein the user device combines the first and second portions of the URL to access the second server and provide the second server with the first unique key. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8, the stages further comprising:
receiving, with the second server, the first unique key from the user device; performing with the second server:
an identification of profile information corresponding to the first profile based on the first unique key, and
a transmittance of the profile information to the user device; and
decrypting, with the user device, the profile information with the first unique key and obtaining the first user profile for implementation on the user device. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, the stages further comprising receiving, with the second server, the first profile as the profile information from the first server prior to the identification, wherein the identification includes searching one of a storage and a memory for the second server with the first unique key. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising:
generating, with the first server, a certificate based on receiving the request from the user device; transmitting the certificate with the first unique key from the first server to the user device; transmitting, with the user device, a profile request to the second server based on the second notification, the profile request including the certificate and the first unique key; and verifying, with the second server, the user device is assigned to the first user group based on the certificate prior to performing the identification. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, the stages further comprising:
partitioning, with the first server, the first profile into segments; transmitting each of the segments to a respective designated user device for the first user group not including the user device; transmitting device information corresponding to the designated user devices from the first server to the second server; requesting respective segments from each of the designated user devices based on the profile information; and combining the segments with the user device using the first unique key. 15. A system for distributing profiles to user devices, comprising:
a memory storage including a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising instructions; and a computing device including a hardware-based processor that executes the instructions to carry out stages comprising:
receiving, at a first server, a request from a user device to enroll in a system;
causing a first unique key, corresponding to a first user group associated with a user of the user device, to be provided to the user device based on the request;
transmitting, from the first server, a first notification to a messaging service including an enrollment notification for the user device;
causing, by the first server, a first user profile for the first user group to be accessible to the user device through a second server; and
accessing the first user profile through the second server with the user device based on a second notification from the messaging service, the user device using the first unique key and second server access information to access the first user profile. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second server access information is included in the first notification from the first server to the messaging service and in the second notification from the messaging service to the user device. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the second server access information includes a first portion of a universal resource locator (“URL”) associated with the second server, and wherein a second portion of the URL is provided to the user device with the first unique key by the first server, and wherein the user device combines the first and second portions of the URL to access the second server and provide the second server with the first unique key. 18. The system of claim 15, the stages further comprising:
receiving, with the second server, the first unique key from the user device; performing with the second server:
an identification of profile information corresponding to the first profile based on the first unique key; and
a transmittance of the profile information to the user device; and
decrypting, with the user device, the profile information with the first unique key and obtaining the first user profile for implementation on the user device. 19. The system of claim 18, the stages further comprising:
generating, with the first server, a certificate based on receiving the request from the user device; transmitting the certificate with the first unique key from the first server to the user device; transmitting, with the user device, a profile request to the second server based on the second notification, the profile request including the certificate and the first unique key; and verifying, with the second server, the user device is assigned to the first user group based on the certificate prior to performing the identification. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
partitioning, with the first server, the first profile into segments; transmitting each of the segments to a respective designated user device for the first user group not including the user device; transmitting device information corresponding to the designated user devices from the first server to the second server; requesting respective segments from each of the designated user devices based on the profile information; and combining the segments with the user device using the first unique key. | 2,100 |
343,207 | 16,802,615 | 2,148 | A computer program product comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing, by at least one processor, the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating, by at least one processor, the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value; identifying, by at least one processor, a solution to the conflict, wherein the solution involves modifying at least one of the members involved in the conflict; and implementing, by at least one processor, a solution, wherein the solution is determined based on the minimal number of additional conflicts which are generated. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, analyzing, by at least one processor, each member of a wall panel for internal interfaces. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the wall panels are isolated based on their location and positioning within the model. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, analyzing each member of a wall panel for internal interfaces. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, analyzing each member of a wall panel for internal interfaces. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. | A computer program product comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing, by at least one processor, the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating, by at least one processor, the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value; identifying, by at least one processor, a solution to the conflict, wherein the solution involves modifying at least one of the members involved in the conflict; and implementing, by at least one processor, a solution, wherein the solution is determined based on the minimal number of additional conflicts which are generated. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, analyzing, by at least one processor, each member of a wall panel for internal interfaces. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the wall panels are isolated based on their location and positioning within the model. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, analyzing each member of a wall panel for internal interfaces. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the features are analyzed to determine if the feature interfaces have a conflict. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying at least one of the conflicting members, wherein the modified member brings the required value within a predetermined range. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting the assemblies which are identified as wall panels, wherein the wall panel is identified by the specific members and member internal interfaces and the member properties; analyzing the wall panels to determine if a wall panel has an external interface with another wall panel; isolating the wall panels and the plurality of members; and analyzing each of the members of the wall panels which have external interfaces with other members, wherein the interface is analyzed to determine if the interface is conflicting, wherein a conflicting interface is one where the actual values of the members are inconsistent with a required value. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the interfaces are associated with fastening locations. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, analyzing each member of a wall panel for internal interfaces. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. | 2,100 |
343,208 | 16,802,595 | 2,476 | A method and a device are provided in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. The UE receives a first signaling and transmits a first radio signal. The first signaling includes K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s) or K second field(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal includes a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) and the K second-type vector group(s) are used for determining multi-antenna related transmissions of the second radio signal and the third radio signal respectively; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources. | 1. A method in a User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first signaling; and transmitting a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 6. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first signaling; and receiving a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 10. The method according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 11. A UE for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, to receive a first signaling; and a first transmitter, to transmit a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 14. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 15. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first receiver receives downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 16. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a second transmitter, to transmit a first signaling; and a second receiver, to receive a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 17. The base station according to claim 16, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 18. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 19. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 20. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the second transmitter transmits downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. | A method and a device are provided in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. The UE receives a first signaling and transmits a first radio signal. The first signaling includes K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s) or K second field(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal includes a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) and the K second-type vector group(s) are used for determining multi-antenna related transmissions of the second radio signal and the third radio signal respectively; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources.1. A method in a User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first signaling; and transmitting a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 6. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first signaling; and receiving a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 10. The method according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 11. A UE for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, to receive a first signaling; and a first transmitter, to transmit a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 14. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 15. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first receiver receives downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 16. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a second transmitter, to transmit a first signaling; and a second receiver, to receive a first radio signal; wherein the first signaling comprises scheduling information of the first radio signal; the first signaling comprises K first field(s) and K second field(s), the K first field(s) is(are) used for determining K first-type vector(s) respectively, the K first-type vector(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to K second-type vector group(s), the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) one-to-one corresponding to the K second field(s), and any one of the K second-type vector group(s) comprises a positive integer number of second-type vector(s); a correlation between any one second-type vector in each of the K second-type vector group(s) and a corresponding first-type vector is related to a corresponding second field; the first radio signal comprises a second radio signal and a third radio signal; the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the second radio signal, and the K second-type vector group(s) is(are) used for determining a multi-antenna related transmission of the third radio signal; the second radio signal and the third radio signal occupy orthogonal frequency-domain resources; and the K is a positive integer. 17. The base station according to claim 16, wherein a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s) is unrelated to a size of frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. 18. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the second radio signal comprises K second sub-signal(s), and the K first-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the K second sub-signal(s) respectively. 19. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, and the M is a positive integer not less than the K;
or, the third radio signal comprises M third sub-signal(s), the K second-type vector group(s) comprise(s) M second-type vector(s), the M second-type vector(s) is(are) used for determining multi-antenna related transmission(s) of the M third sub-signal(s) respectively, the M is a positive integer not less than the K, any one of the K second field(s) comprises a positive integer number of second subfield(s), the K second field(s) comprise(s) M second subfield(s), and the M second subfield(s) is(are) used for determining the M second-type vector(s) respectively. 20. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the second transmitter transmits downlink information; wherein the downlink information is used for determining at least one of the K, a total number of bits comprised in the K first field(s) and the K second field(s), or a position(positions) of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second radio signal in frequency-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal. | 2,400 |
343,209 | 16,802,593 | 2,476 | There are provided a material for a negative electrode active material exhibiting a favorable capacity retention rate and Coulomb efficiency, a method of producing the material, a negative electrode composition using the material, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery. A SiOC structure, includes (A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a SiOC coating layer containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen), and C (carbon) as constituent elements, wherein the at least one silicon-based fine particles are covered with the SiOC coating layer, and the average particle size based on a volume-based particle size distribution is in a range of 1 nm to 999 μm. | 1. A SiOC structure, comprising:
(A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a SiOC coating layer containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen), and C (carbon) as constituent elements, 2. The SiOC structure according to claim 1,
wherein the average particle size based on a volume-based particle size distribution is in a range of 1 μm to 10 μm. 3. The SiOC structure according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one silicon-based fine particles are completely covered with the SiOC coating layer and thus a plurality of secondary particles are formed. 4. A negative electrode composition, comprising
the SiOC structure according to claim 1 as a negative electrode active material. 5. A negative electrode comprising the negative electrode composition according to claim 4. 6. A lithium ion secondary battery, comprising
at least one of the negative electrode according to claim 5. 7. A silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite, comprising:
(A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a coating layer containing a silicon-containing polymer, 8. The silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7,
wherein the silicon-containing polymer is a polysilsesquioxane. 9. The silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7,
wherein the silicon-containing polymer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polysilsesquioxanes having polysilsesquioxane structures represented by the following General Formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV): 10. A method of producing a silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite, comprising
(p) producing the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7 by hydrolyzing a silane compound represented by General Formula (V) and then performing polycondensation in the presence of a dispersant and silicon-based fine particles:
R1 nSiX1 4−n (V)
(in the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, and in the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, any hydrogen atom is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, and any —CH2— is optionally substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, a cycloalkylene group or a cycloalkenylene group, X1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyloxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an acetoxy group, when there are a plurality of R1's and X1's, they are independent from each other, and
n represents an integer of 0 to 3). 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the following step (p′) before Step (p),
(p′) providing a silicon-based fine particle dispersion solution containing the silicon-based fine particles, the dispersant, an acid catalyst, and a solvent, 12. The method according to claim 11,
wherein, in Step (p-1), under conditions in which the pH of the reaction solution is in a range of 2.0 to 6.0, the silane compound is hydrolyzed, and in Step (p-2), a basic catalyst or a solution thereof is gradually added to the reaction solution obtained in Step (p-1), and thus the pH of the reaction solution is raised to a value in a range of 7.0 to 13.5, and a hydrolyzate of the silane compound is polycondensed. 13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising
(q′) filtering and/or drying the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite obtained in Step (p). 14. A method of producing a SiOC structure, comprising
(q) performing a heat treatment on the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7 under a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere and thus converting the composite to a SiOC structure, wherein the SiOC structure comprises: (A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a SiOC coating layer containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen), and C (carbon) as constituent elements, 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the following Step (p) before Step (q),
wherein, (p) a silane compound represented by General Formula (V) is hydrolyzed and then polycondensed in the presence of a dispersant and silicon-based fine particles, and thus a silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite is produced:
(p) General Formula (V):
R1 nSiX1 4−n (V)
(in the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, and in the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, any hydrogen atom is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, and any —CH2— is optionally substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, a cycloalkylene group or a cycloalkenylene group, X1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyloxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an acetoxy group, when there are a plurality of R1's and Xi's, they are independent from each other, and
n represents an integer of 0 to 3),
wherein the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite comprises:
(A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and
(B) a coating layer containing a silicon-containing polymer,
wherein the at least one silicon-based fine particles are covered with the coating layer, and the average particle size based on a volume-based particle size distribution is in a range of 1 nm to 999 μm. 16. The method according to claim 15,
wherein the dispersant is polysorbate 80. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the following Step (p′) before Step (p),
(p′) providing a silicon-based fine particle dispersion solution containing the silicon-based fine particles, the dispersant, an acid catalyst, and a solvent, 18. The method according to claim 17,
wherein, in Step (p-1), the silane compound is added to the silicon-based fine particle dispersion solution by dropwise addition, and the silane compound is hydrolyzed, and in Step (p-2), a basic catalyst solution is added to the reaction solution obtained in Step (p-1) by dropwise addition, a hydrolyzate of the silane compound is polycondensed, and thereby the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite is produced. 19. The method according to claim 15,
wherein the silane compound represented by General Formula (V) comprises at least one silane compound selected from the group consisting of methyltrimethoxysilane and phenyltrimethoxysilane. 20. A method of producing a negative electrode composition, comprising
obtaining a negative electrode composition using the SiOC structure according to claim 1 as a negative electrode active material. | There are provided a material for a negative electrode active material exhibiting a favorable capacity retention rate and Coulomb efficiency, a method of producing the material, a negative electrode composition using the material, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery. A SiOC structure, includes (A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a SiOC coating layer containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen), and C (carbon) as constituent elements, wherein the at least one silicon-based fine particles are covered with the SiOC coating layer, and the average particle size based on a volume-based particle size distribution is in a range of 1 nm to 999 μm.1. A SiOC structure, comprising:
(A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a SiOC coating layer containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen), and C (carbon) as constituent elements, 2. The SiOC structure according to claim 1,
wherein the average particle size based on a volume-based particle size distribution is in a range of 1 μm to 10 μm. 3. The SiOC structure according to claim 1,
wherein the at least one silicon-based fine particles are completely covered with the SiOC coating layer and thus a plurality of secondary particles are formed. 4. A negative electrode composition, comprising
the SiOC structure according to claim 1 as a negative electrode active material. 5. A negative electrode comprising the negative electrode composition according to claim 4. 6. A lithium ion secondary battery, comprising
at least one of the negative electrode according to claim 5. 7. A silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite, comprising:
(A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a coating layer containing a silicon-containing polymer, 8. The silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7,
wherein the silicon-containing polymer is a polysilsesquioxane. 9. The silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7,
wherein the silicon-containing polymer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polysilsesquioxanes having polysilsesquioxane structures represented by the following General Formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV): 10. A method of producing a silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite, comprising
(p) producing the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7 by hydrolyzing a silane compound represented by General Formula (V) and then performing polycondensation in the presence of a dispersant and silicon-based fine particles:
R1 nSiX1 4−n (V)
(in the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, and in the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, any hydrogen atom is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, and any —CH2— is optionally substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, a cycloalkylene group or a cycloalkenylene group, X1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyloxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an acetoxy group, when there are a plurality of R1's and X1's, they are independent from each other, and
n represents an integer of 0 to 3). 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the following step (p′) before Step (p),
(p′) providing a silicon-based fine particle dispersion solution containing the silicon-based fine particles, the dispersant, an acid catalyst, and a solvent, 12. The method according to claim 11,
wherein, in Step (p-1), under conditions in which the pH of the reaction solution is in a range of 2.0 to 6.0, the silane compound is hydrolyzed, and in Step (p-2), a basic catalyst or a solution thereof is gradually added to the reaction solution obtained in Step (p-1), and thus the pH of the reaction solution is raised to a value in a range of 7.0 to 13.5, and a hydrolyzate of the silane compound is polycondensed. 13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising
(q′) filtering and/or drying the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite obtained in Step (p). 14. A method of producing a SiOC structure, comprising
(q) performing a heat treatment on the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite according to claim 7 under a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere and thus converting the composite to a SiOC structure, wherein the SiOC structure comprises: (A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and (B) a SiOC coating layer containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen), and C (carbon) as constituent elements, 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the following Step (p) before Step (q),
wherein, (p) a silane compound represented by General Formula (V) is hydrolyzed and then polycondensed in the presence of a dispersant and silicon-based fine particles, and thus a silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite is produced:
(p) General Formula (V):
R1 nSiX1 4−n (V)
(in the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, and in the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 45 carbon atoms, any hydrogen atom is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, and any —CH2— is optionally substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, a cycloalkylene group or a cycloalkenylene group, X1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyloxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an acetoxy group, when there are a plurality of R1's and Xi's, they are independent from each other, and
n represents an integer of 0 to 3),
wherein the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite comprises:
(A) at least one silicon-based fine particles; and
(B) a coating layer containing a silicon-containing polymer,
wherein the at least one silicon-based fine particles are covered with the coating layer, and the average particle size based on a volume-based particle size distribution is in a range of 1 nm to 999 μm. 16. The method according to claim 15,
wherein the dispersant is polysorbate 80. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the following Step (p′) before Step (p),
(p′) providing a silicon-based fine particle dispersion solution containing the silicon-based fine particles, the dispersant, an acid catalyst, and a solvent, 18. The method according to claim 17,
wherein, in Step (p-1), the silane compound is added to the silicon-based fine particle dispersion solution by dropwise addition, and the silane compound is hydrolyzed, and in Step (p-2), a basic catalyst solution is added to the reaction solution obtained in Step (p-1) by dropwise addition, a hydrolyzate of the silane compound is polycondensed, and thereby the silicon-based fine particle/silicon-containing polymer composite is produced. 19. The method according to claim 15,
wherein the silane compound represented by General Formula (V) comprises at least one silane compound selected from the group consisting of methyltrimethoxysilane and phenyltrimethoxysilane. 20. A method of producing a negative electrode composition, comprising
obtaining a negative electrode composition using the SiOC structure according to claim 1 as a negative electrode active material. | 2,400 |
343,210 | 16,802,586 | 2,476 | A screen sharing system is configured to perform screen sharing between a first information processing apparatus and a second information processing apparatus. The first information processing apparatus is configured to acquire, as screen-sharing information, an image displayed on the first information processing apparatus, and transmit the screen-sharing information to a first server, when a data amount of the screen-sharing information is below a threshold value, and transmit the screen-sharing information to a second server and transmit, to the first server, storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information, when the data is greater than or equal to the threshold value. The second information processing is configured to display, on the second information processing apparatus, an image based on the screen-sharing information received from the first server, or received from the second server based on the storage destination information received from the first server. | 1. A screen sharing system configured to perform screen sharing between a first information processing apparatus and a second information processing apparatus connected via a network
the first information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire, as screen-sharing information, an image displayed on a display screen of the first information processing apparatus;
a first transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a first server connected to the network, when a data amount of the screen-sharing information is below a threshold value; and
a second transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a second server connected to the network and to transmit, to the first server, storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information in the second server, when the data amount of the screen-sharing information is greater than or equal to the threshold value,
the second information processing apparatus comprising:
a first receiving unit configured to receive, from the first server, the screen-sharing information or the storage destination information that the first information processing apparatus has transmitted;
a second receiving unit configured to receive, based on the storage destination information received by the first receiving unit, the screen-sharing information from the second server, and
a display controller configured to display, on a display screen of the second information processing apparatus, an image based on the screen-sharing information received by the first receiving unit or the second receiving unit. 2. The screen sharing system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller is configured to display notification information giving notice of presence of an image not yet displayed, in response to the first receiving unit receiving the storage destination information. 3. The screen sharing system according to claim 2, wherein
the second transmission unit is configure to provide, to the second information processing apparatus via the first server, attribute information concerning an image of the screen-sharing information stored in a storage destination indicated by the storage destination information, together with the storage destination information, and the display controller is configured to display the notification information based on the attribute information received by the second receiving unit. 4. The screen sharing system according to claim 3, wherein
the second transmission unit is configured to provide, as the attribute information, information specifying a display area in which the image is displayed on the display screen of the first information processing apparatus, to the second information processing apparatus via the first server, and the display controller is configured to, based on the attribute information, give notice of the display area of the image on the display screen of the second information processing apparatus. 5. The screen sharing system according to claim 1, wherein the second receiving unit is configured to start receiving the screen-sharing information from the second server, under a condition that an instruction to access a storage destination indicated by the storage destination information has been received. 6. An information processing apparatus of a screen-sharing source configured to perform screen sharing with a further information processing apparatus connected via a network, the information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire, as screen-sharing information, an image displayed on a display screen of the information processing apparatus; a first transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a first server connected to the network and to provide the screen-sharing information to the further information processing apparatus via the first server, when a data amount of the screen-sharing information is below a threshold value; and a second transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a second server connected to the network and to transmit, to the further information processing apparatus via the first server, storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information in the second server, when the data amount of the screen-sharing information is greater than or equal to the threshold value. 7. An information processing apparatus of a screen-sharing destination configured to perform screen sharing with a further information processing apparatus connected via a network, the information processing apparatus comprising:
a first receiving unit configured to receive, via a first server connected to the network, screen-sharing information representing an image displayed on a display screen of the further information processing apparatus or storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information; a second receiving unit configured to receive, based on the storage destination information received by the first receiving unit, the screen-sharing information from a second server connected to the network; and a display controller configured to display, on a display screen of the information processing apparatus, an image based on the screen-sharing information received by the first receiving unit or the second receiving unit. | A screen sharing system is configured to perform screen sharing between a first information processing apparatus and a second information processing apparatus. The first information processing apparatus is configured to acquire, as screen-sharing information, an image displayed on the first information processing apparatus, and transmit the screen-sharing information to a first server, when a data amount of the screen-sharing information is below a threshold value, and transmit the screen-sharing information to a second server and transmit, to the first server, storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information, when the data is greater than or equal to the threshold value. The second information processing is configured to display, on the second information processing apparatus, an image based on the screen-sharing information received from the first server, or received from the second server based on the storage destination information received from the first server.1. A screen sharing system configured to perform screen sharing between a first information processing apparatus and a second information processing apparatus connected via a network
the first information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire, as screen-sharing information, an image displayed on a display screen of the first information processing apparatus;
a first transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a first server connected to the network, when a data amount of the screen-sharing information is below a threshold value; and
a second transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a second server connected to the network and to transmit, to the first server, storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information in the second server, when the data amount of the screen-sharing information is greater than or equal to the threshold value,
the second information processing apparatus comprising:
a first receiving unit configured to receive, from the first server, the screen-sharing information or the storage destination information that the first information processing apparatus has transmitted;
a second receiving unit configured to receive, based on the storage destination information received by the first receiving unit, the screen-sharing information from the second server, and
a display controller configured to display, on a display screen of the second information processing apparatus, an image based on the screen-sharing information received by the first receiving unit or the second receiving unit. 2. The screen sharing system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller is configured to display notification information giving notice of presence of an image not yet displayed, in response to the first receiving unit receiving the storage destination information. 3. The screen sharing system according to claim 2, wherein
the second transmission unit is configure to provide, to the second information processing apparatus via the first server, attribute information concerning an image of the screen-sharing information stored in a storage destination indicated by the storage destination information, together with the storage destination information, and the display controller is configured to display the notification information based on the attribute information received by the second receiving unit. 4. The screen sharing system according to claim 3, wherein
the second transmission unit is configured to provide, as the attribute information, information specifying a display area in which the image is displayed on the display screen of the first information processing apparatus, to the second information processing apparatus via the first server, and the display controller is configured to, based on the attribute information, give notice of the display area of the image on the display screen of the second information processing apparatus. 5. The screen sharing system according to claim 1, wherein the second receiving unit is configured to start receiving the screen-sharing information from the second server, under a condition that an instruction to access a storage destination indicated by the storage destination information has been received. 6. An information processing apparatus of a screen-sharing source configured to perform screen sharing with a further information processing apparatus connected via a network, the information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire, as screen-sharing information, an image displayed on a display screen of the information processing apparatus; a first transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a first server connected to the network and to provide the screen-sharing information to the further information processing apparatus via the first server, when a data amount of the screen-sharing information is below a threshold value; and a second transmission unit configured to transmit the screen-sharing information to a second server connected to the network and to transmit, to the further information processing apparatus via the first server, storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information in the second server, when the data amount of the screen-sharing information is greater than or equal to the threshold value. 7. An information processing apparatus of a screen-sharing destination configured to perform screen sharing with a further information processing apparatus connected via a network, the information processing apparatus comprising:
a first receiving unit configured to receive, via a first server connected to the network, screen-sharing information representing an image displayed on a display screen of the further information processing apparatus or storage destination information indicating a storage destination of the screen-sharing information; a second receiving unit configured to receive, based on the storage destination information received by the first receiving unit, the screen-sharing information from a second server connected to the network; and a display controller configured to display, on a display screen of the information processing apparatus, an image based on the screen-sharing information received by the first receiving unit or the second receiving unit. | 2,400 |
343,211 | 16,802,614 | 2,894 | In one example, a semiconductor device comprises an electronic component comprising a component face side, a component base side, a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side, and a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face. A clip structure comprises a first clip pad, a second clip pad, a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad, and a first clip face. An encapsulant covers portions of the electronic component and the clip structure. The encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face, the first clip pad is coupled to the electronic component, and the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
an electronic component comprising:
a component face side;
a component base side;
a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side; and
a component port adjacent to the component face side;
a clip structure coupled to the electronic component; and an encapsulant covering the electronic component and the clip structure; wherein:
the component port comprises a component port face;
the encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face;
the clip structure comprises a first clip face; and
the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the encapsulant face, the first clip face, and the component port face are substantially co-planar. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the clip structure comprises:
a first clip pad;
a second clip pad; and
a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad and the second clip pad together. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein:
the first clip pad is connected to the component base side of the electronic component; the second clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal; and the component terminal comprises the component port face. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein:
the encapsulant comprises a second encapsulant face different than the encapsulant face; the first clip pad is exposed from the second encapsulant face; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
a plate coupled to the first clip pad. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein:
the first clip pad is connected to the component face side of the electronic component; the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal and a component interconnect coupled to the component terminal; and the component interconnect comprises the component port face. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, further comprising:
a plate connected to the component base side of the electronic component and to the second clip pad to electrically couple the component base side of the electronic component to the clip structure. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the clip structure comprises:
a clip bridge connected to the component base side;
a first clip pad;
a second clip pad;
a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the clip bridge; and
a second clip leg connecting the second clip pad to the clip bridge;
the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; and the second clip pad comprises a second clip face exposed from the encapsulant face. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the clip structure comprises:
a first clip pad coupled to the electronic component;
a second clip pad;
a first clip leg connecting the first clip and the second clip pad together;
a third clip pad coupled to the electronic component;
a fourth clip pad; and
a second clip leg connecting the third clip pad and the fourth clip pad together. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component face side at a first peripheral edge of the electronic component; the third clip pad is coupled to the component face side at a second peripheral edge of the electronic component; the component port comprises a component interconnect interposed between the first clip pad and the third clip pad; the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; the third clip pad comprises a second clip face exposed from the encapsulant face; the component interconnect comprises the component port face; and the encapsulant is interposed between the component interconnect, the first clip pad, and the third clip pad. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a plate coupled to the component base side of the electronic component, the second clip pad, and the fourth clip pad. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component base side at a first peripheral edge of the electronic component; the third clip pad is coupled to the component base side at a second peripheral edge of the electronic component; the component port comprises a component terminal; the second clip pad comprises the first clip face; the fourth clip pad comprises a second clip face exposed from the encapsulant face; the component terminal comprises the component port face; and the encapsulant is interposed between the component lateral side, the second clip pad, and the fourth clip pad. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a dielectric layer over the encapsulant face having openings exposing the first clip face and the component port face; and external interconnects electrically coupled to the clip structure and the electronic component through the openings. 14. A semiconductor device, comprising:
an electronic component comprising:
a component face side;
a component base side;
a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side; and
a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face;
a clip structure comprising:
a first clip pad;
a second clip pad;
a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad; and
a first clip face;
and an encapsulant covering the electronic component and the clip structure; wherein:
the encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face;
the first clip pad is coupled to the electronic component; and
the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component face side of the electronic component; the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal and a component interconnect; the component interconnect comprises the component port face; the component port face and the first clip face are substantially co-planar; and the semiconductor device further comprises a plate coupling the component base side of the electronic component to the second clip pad. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component base side of the electronic component; the second clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal; the component terminal comprises the component port face; and the component port face and the first clip face are substantially co-planar. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising:
a plate coupled to the first clip pad. 18. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing an electronic component comprising:
a component face side;
a component base side;
a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side; and
a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face;
providing a clip structure having a first clip face; coupling the clip structure to the electronic component; and providing an encapsulant covering the electronic component and the clip structure; wherein:
the encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face; and
the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
providing a plate; wherein:
providing the electronic component comprises:
connecting the component base side of the electronic component to the plate; and
providing the component port comprising a component terminal and a component interconnect;
wherein the component interconnect comprises the component port face;
providing the clip structure comprises:
providing a first clip pad, a second clip pad, and a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad;
wherein the first clip pad comprises the first clip face;
coupling the clip structure comprises:
connecting the first clip pad to the component face side of the electronic component; and
connecting the second clip pad to the plate;
providing the encapsulant comprises:
forming the encapsulant covering the plate, the electronic component, the component interconnect, and the clip structure; and
removing a portion of the encapsulant to provide the encapsulant face;
and
the method further comprises:
providing external interconnects coupled to the component port face and the first clip face. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
providing a carrier; wherein:
providing the electronic component comprises:
connecting the component face side of the electronic component to the carrier; and
providing the component port comprising a component terminal;
wherein the component terminal comprises the component port face;
providing the clip structure comprises:
providing a first clip pad, a second clip pad, and a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad;
wherein the second clip pad comprises the first clip face;
coupling the clip structure comprises:
connecting the first clip pad to the component base side of the electronic component; and
connecting the second clip pad to the carrier;
providing the encapsulant comprises:
forming the encapsulant covering the carrier, the electronic component, and the clip structure;
and
the method further comprises:
removing the carrier to the provide the encapsulant face;
providing external interconnects coupled to the component port face and the first clip face; and
providing a plate coupled to the first clip pad. | In one example, a semiconductor device comprises an electronic component comprising a component face side, a component base side, a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side, and a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face. A clip structure comprises a first clip pad, a second clip pad, a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad, and a first clip face. An encapsulant covers portions of the electronic component and the clip structure. The encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face, the first clip pad is coupled to the electronic component, and the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
an electronic component comprising:
a component face side;
a component base side;
a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side; and
a component port adjacent to the component face side;
a clip structure coupled to the electronic component; and an encapsulant covering the electronic component and the clip structure; wherein:
the component port comprises a component port face;
the encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face;
the clip structure comprises a first clip face; and
the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the encapsulant face, the first clip face, and the component port face are substantially co-planar. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the clip structure comprises:
a first clip pad;
a second clip pad; and
a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad and the second clip pad together. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein:
the first clip pad is connected to the component base side of the electronic component; the second clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal; and the component terminal comprises the component port face. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein:
the encapsulant comprises a second encapsulant face different than the encapsulant face; the first clip pad is exposed from the second encapsulant face; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
a plate coupled to the first clip pad. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein:
the first clip pad is connected to the component face side of the electronic component; the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal and a component interconnect coupled to the component terminal; and the component interconnect comprises the component port face. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, further comprising:
a plate connected to the component base side of the electronic component and to the second clip pad to electrically couple the component base side of the electronic component to the clip structure. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the clip structure comprises:
a clip bridge connected to the component base side;
a first clip pad;
a second clip pad;
a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the clip bridge; and
a second clip leg connecting the second clip pad to the clip bridge;
the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; and the second clip pad comprises a second clip face exposed from the encapsulant face. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the clip structure comprises:
a first clip pad coupled to the electronic component;
a second clip pad;
a first clip leg connecting the first clip and the second clip pad together;
a third clip pad coupled to the electronic component;
a fourth clip pad; and
a second clip leg connecting the third clip pad and the fourth clip pad together. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component face side at a first peripheral edge of the electronic component; the third clip pad is coupled to the component face side at a second peripheral edge of the electronic component; the component port comprises a component interconnect interposed between the first clip pad and the third clip pad; the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; the third clip pad comprises a second clip face exposed from the encapsulant face; the component interconnect comprises the component port face; and the encapsulant is interposed between the component interconnect, the first clip pad, and the third clip pad. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a plate coupled to the component base side of the electronic component, the second clip pad, and the fourth clip pad. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component base side at a first peripheral edge of the electronic component; the third clip pad is coupled to the component base side at a second peripheral edge of the electronic component; the component port comprises a component terminal; the second clip pad comprises the first clip face; the fourth clip pad comprises a second clip face exposed from the encapsulant face; the component terminal comprises the component port face; and the encapsulant is interposed between the component lateral side, the second clip pad, and the fourth clip pad. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a dielectric layer over the encapsulant face having openings exposing the first clip face and the component port face; and external interconnects electrically coupled to the clip structure and the electronic component through the openings. 14. A semiconductor device, comprising:
an electronic component comprising:
a component face side;
a component base side;
a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side; and
a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face;
a clip structure comprising:
a first clip pad;
a second clip pad;
a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad; and
a first clip face;
and an encapsulant covering the electronic component and the clip structure; wherein:
the encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face;
the first clip pad is coupled to the electronic component; and
the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component face side of the electronic component; the first clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal and a component interconnect; the component interconnect comprises the component port face; the component port face and the first clip face are substantially co-planar; and the semiconductor device further comprises a plate coupling the component base side of the electronic component to the second clip pad. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein:
the first clip pad is coupled to the component base side of the electronic component; the second clip pad comprises the first clip face; the component port comprises a component terminal; the component terminal comprises the component port face; and the component port face and the first clip face are substantially co-planar. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising:
a plate coupled to the first clip pad. 18. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing an electronic component comprising:
a component face side;
a component base side;
a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side; and
a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face;
providing a clip structure having a first clip face; coupling the clip structure to the electronic component; and providing an encapsulant covering the electronic component and the clip structure; wherein:
the encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face; and
the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
providing a plate; wherein:
providing the electronic component comprises:
connecting the component base side of the electronic component to the plate; and
providing the component port comprising a component terminal and a component interconnect;
wherein the component interconnect comprises the component port face;
providing the clip structure comprises:
providing a first clip pad, a second clip pad, and a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad;
wherein the first clip pad comprises the first clip face;
coupling the clip structure comprises:
connecting the first clip pad to the component face side of the electronic component; and
connecting the second clip pad to the plate;
providing the encapsulant comprises:
forming the encapsulant covering the plate, the electronic component, the component interconnect, and the clip structure; and
removing a portion of the encapsulant to provide the encapsulant face;
and
the method further comprises:
providing external interconnects coupled to the component port face and the first clip face. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
providing a carrier; wherein:
providing the electronic component comprises:
connecting the component face side of the electronic component to the carrier; and
providing the component port comprising a component terminal;
wherein the component terminal comprises the component port face;
providing the clip structure comprises:
providing a first clip pad, a second clip pad, and a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad;
wherein the second clip pad comprises the first clip face;
coupling the clip structure comprises:
connecting the first clip pad to the component base side of the electronic component; and
connecting the second clip pad to the carrier;
providing the encapsulant comprises:
forming the encapsulant covering the carrier, the electronic component, and the clip structure;
and
the method further comprises:
removing the carrier to the provide the encapsulant face;
providing external interconnects coupled to the component port face and the first clip face; and
providing a plate coupled to the first clip pad. | 2,800 |
343,212 | 16,802,588 | 2,894 | A laser arrangement includes a VCSEL array comprising multiple VCSELs arranged on a common semiconductor substrate, an optical structure, and a diffusor structure. The optical structure is arranged to reduce a divergence angle of laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL to a section of the diffusor structure assigned to the respective VCSEL. The diffusor structure is arranged to transform the laser light received from the optical structure to transformed laser light such that a continuous illumination pattern is configured to be provided in a reference plane in a defined field-of-view. The diffusor structure is arranged to increase a size of the illumination pattern in comparison to an untransformed illumination pattern which can be provided without the diffusor structure. The VCSEL array, optical structure, and diffusor structure are arranged such that sections of the diffusor structure do not overlap. Diffusor properties of the diffusor structure vary across the diffusor structure. | 1. A laser arrangement comprising:
a VCSEL array comprising multiple VCSELs arranged on a common semiconductor substrate; an optical structure; and a diffusor structure, wherein the optical structure is arranged to reduce a divergence angle of laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL to a section of the diffusor structure assigned to the respective VCSEL, wherein the diffusor structure is arranged to transform the laser light received from the optical structure to transformed laser light such that a continuous illumination pattern is configured to be provided in a reference plane in a defined field-of-view, wherein the diffusor structure is arranged to increase a size of the illumination pattern in comparison to an untransformed illumination pattern which can be provided without the diffusor structure, wherein the VCSEL array, optical structure, and diffusor structure are arranged such that the sections of the diffusor structure assigned to different VCSELs do not overlap, 2. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the diffusor structure comprises diffusor substructures to vary the diffusor properties which are aligned with the sections receiving the laser light with reduced divergence angle,
wherein the diffusor substructures are configured with different surface structures to spread laser light received from the optical structure differently depending on the position of the respective VCSEL in the VCSEL array. 3. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure is integrated on wafer level. 4. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure comprises collimating micro lenses configured to reduce the divergence angle by collimating the laser light. 5. The laser arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the collimating micro lenses are chirped micro lenses. 6. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each respective VCSEL is a top emitter arranged to emit the laser light in a direction away from the semiconductor substrate, wherein the optical structure comprises a material provided on top of a semiconductor layer structure of the VCSEL array, and
wherein the material is transparent in a wavelength range of the laser light. 7. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each respective VCSEL is a bottom emitter arranged to emit the laser light through the semiconductor substrate,
wherein the optical structure is provided on a surface of the semiconductor substrate which is arranged opposite with respect to the multiple VCSELs. 8. The laser arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the optical structure is a collimating optical structure integrated in the semiconductor structure of the VCSEL array. 9. The laser arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the optical structure comprises a material provided on top of the semiconductor layer structure of the VCSEL array, the material being transparent in a wavelength range of the laser light. 10. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the multiple VCSELs are arranged to be individually controlled to emit laser light. 11. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sections of the diffusor structure are arranged such that each VCSEL is arranged to illuminate a sector of the illumination pattern, wherein each sector overlaps at least with one other sector. 12. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure comprises a partly reflective mirror structure, wherein the partly reflective mirror structure is arranged to decrease the divergence angle of the laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL. 13. A light emitting device comprising:
a laser arrangement array according to claim 1; and an electrical driver for providing an electrical drive current to the multiple VCSELs. 14. A time-of-flight camera comprising:
the light emitting device according to claim 13, and a light detector configured to detect transformed laser light reflected by an object, wherein an evaluator is arranged to determine a distance to the object based on the transformed laser light detected by the light detector. 15. A method of fabricating a laser arrangement, the method comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate; providing multiple vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) on the semiconductor substrate; providing an optical structure; providing a diffusor structure having a plurality of sections; and arranging the optical structure to reduce a divergence angle of laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL to a respective section of the diffusor structure assigned to the respective VCSEL, wherein plurality of sections of the diffusor structure are arranged to transform the laser light received from the optical structure to transformed laser light such that a continuous illumination pattern is configured to be provided in a reference plane in a defined field-of-view, and to increase a size of the illumination pattern in comparison to an untransformed illumination pattern which can be provided without the diffusor structure, wherein the VCSEL array, optical structure, and diffusor structure are arranged such that sections of the diffusor structure assigned to different VCSELs do not overlap, wherein diffusor properties of the diffusor structure (vary across the diffusor structure, and wherein the variation of the diffusor properties is arranged to concentrate the illumination pattern in the defined field-of-view. | A laser arrangement includes a VCSEL array comprising multiple VCSELs arranged on a common semiconductor substrate, an optical structure, and a diffusor structure. The optical structure is arranged to reduce a divergence angle of laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL to a section of the diffusor structure assigned to the respective VCSEL. The diffusor structure is arranged to transform the laser light received from the optical structure to transformed laser light such that a continuous illumination pattern is configured to be provided in a reference plane in a defined field-of-view. The diffusor structure is arranged to increase a size of the illumination pattern in comparison to an untransformed illumination pattern which can be provided without the diffusor structure. The VCSEL array, optical structure, and diffusor structure are arranged such that sections of the diffusor structure do not overlap. Diffusor properties of the diffusor structure vary across the diffusor structure.1. A laser arrangement comprising:
a VCSEL array comprising multiple VCSELs arranged on a common semiconductor substrate; an optical structure; and a diffusor structure, wherein the optical structure is arranged to reduce a divergence angle of laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL to a section of the diffusor structure assigned to the respective VCSEL, wherein the diffusor structure is arranged to transform the laser light received from the optical structure to transformed laser light such that a continuous illumination pattern is configured to be provided in a reference plane in a defined field-of-view, wherein the diffusor structure is arranged to increase a size of the illumination pattern in comparison to an untransformed illumination pattern which can be provided without the diffusor structure, wherein the VCSEL array, optical structure, and diffusor structure are arranged such that the sections of the diffusor structure assigned to different VCSELs do not overlap, 2. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the diffusor structure comprises diffusor substructures to vary the diffusor properties which are aligned with the sections receiving the laser light with reduced divergence angle,
wherein the diffusor substructures are configured with different surface structures to spread laser light received from the optical structure differently depending on the position of the respective VCSEL in the VCSEL array. 3. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure is integrated on wafer level. 4. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure comprises collimating micro lenses configured to reduce the divergence angle by collimating the laser light. 5. The laser arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the collimating micro lenses are chirped micro lenses. 6. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each respective VCSEL is a top emitter arranged to emit the laser light in a direction away from the semiconductor substrate, wherein the optical structure comprises a material provided on top of a semiconductor layer structure of the VCSEL array, and
wherein the material is transparent in a wavelength range of the laser light. 7. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each respective VCSEL is a bottom emitter arranged to emit the laser light through the semiconductor substrate,
wherein the optical structure is provided on a surface of the semiconductor substrate which is arranged opposite with respect to the multiple VCSELs. 8. The laser arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the optical structure is a collimating optical structure integrated in the semiconductor structure of the VCSEL array. 9. The laser arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the optical structure comprises a material provided on top of the semiconductor layer structure of the VCSEL array, the material being transparent in a wavelength range of the laser light. 10. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the multiple VCSELs are arranged to be individually controlled to emit laser light. 11. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sections of the diffusor structure are arranged such that each VCSEL is arranged to illuminate a sector of the illumination pattern, wherein each sector overlaps at least with one other sector. 12. The laser arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure comprises a partly reflective mirror structure, wherein the partly reflective mirror structure is arranged to decrease the divergence angle of the laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL. 13. A light emitting device comprising:
a laser arrangement array according to claim 1; and an electrical driver for providing an electrical drive current to the multiple VCSELs. 14. A time-of-flight camera comprising:
the light emitting device according to claim 13, and a light detector configured to detect transformed laser light reflected by an object, wherein an evaluator is arranged to determine a distance to the object based on the transformed laser light detected by the light detector. 15. A method of fabricating a laser arrangement, the method comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate; providing multiple vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) on the semiconductor substrate; providing an optical structure; providing a diffusor structure having a plurality of sections; and arranging the optical structure to reduce a divergence angle of laser light emitted by each respective VCSEL to a respective section of the diffusor structure assigned to the respective VCSEL, wherein plurality of sections of the diffusor structure are arranged to transform the laser light received from the optical structure to transformed laser light such that a continuous illumination pattern is configured to be provided in a reference plane in a defined field-of-view, and to increase a size of the illumination pattern in comparison to an untransformed illumination pattern which can be provided without the diffusor structure, wherein the VCSEL array, optical structure, and diffusor structure are arranged such that sections of the diffusor structure assigned to different VCSELs do not overlap, wherein diffusor properties of the diffusor structure (vary across the diffusor structure, and wherein the variation of the diffusor properties is arranged to concentrate the illumination pattern in the defined field-of-view. | 2,800 |
343,213 | 16,802,608 | 2,894 | In general, the present disclosure is directed to methods to produce stable oxygen electrodes for use in energy storage applications such as fuel cells. Aspects of the disclosure can provide improved stability, especially for oxygen electrodes including strontium, which can broaden applications and reduce costs to improve economic feasibility. Embodiments of the disclosure can include methods for producing oxygen electrodes, compositions of stabilizing coatings that can be applied to electrodes to yield a more stable oxygen electrode, and fuel cells incorporating oxygen electrodes produced according to the disclosure. In particular, the disclosure is directed to a finding that a conformal coating can be achieved by calcining a composition including a strontium salt, a cobalt salt, and a tantalum compound on a base electrode, the base electrode having an elemental composition including strontium. | 1. A method of forming a fuel cell oxygen electrode, the method comprising:
preparing a solution containing: a strontium salt, a cobalt salt, and a tantalum compound; applying a portion of the solution to a base electrode; and calcining the base electrode after applying the buffer solution at a temperature of about 900° C. to about 1500° C. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing the solution comprising the strontium salt, the cobalt salt, and the tantalum compound comprises:
preparing an aqueous solution comprising: the strontium salt, the cobalt salt, and water; preparing a second solution comprising: the tantalum compound; and combining the second solution with the aqueous solution. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the base electrode comprises a support and an overcoat, and wherein the overcoat covers a region of the support. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the overcoat is porous; 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the overcoat comprises La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
applying the overcoat to the surface of the support by screen printing. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the base electrode comprises strontium. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the base electrode further comprises lanthanum, cobalt, iron, or a combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is about 950° C. to about 1500° C. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature is about 975° C. to about 1250° C. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature is about 990° C. to about 1100° C. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising modifying the solution by introducing one or more buffers and/or a chelating agent to the solution to achieve a pH of about 6 to about 10. 13. A composition for an electrode coating, the composition comprising SrCoTaO. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition has the empirical formula SrCo0.9Ta0.1O3-δ. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the electrode coating is present on a base electrode that includes Sr. 16. A fuel cell oxygen electrode having a bilayer isostructure, the fuel cell oxygen electrode comprising:
a base electrode; and an electrode coating covering some or all of the base electrode. 17. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the base electrode comprises strontium. 18. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the base electrode has a surface comprising La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ, and wherein the coating conformally covers a substantial portion of the surface. 19. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the electrode coating comprises SrCoTaO. 20. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the electrode coating has the empirical formula SrCo0.9Ta0.1O3-δ. | In general, the present disclosure is directed to methods to produce stable oxygen electrodes for use in energy storage applications such as fuel cells. Aspects of the disclosure can provide improved stability, especially for oxygen electrodes including strontium, which can broaden applications and reduce costs to improve economic feasibility. Embodiments of the disclosure can include methods for producing oxygen electrodes, compositions of stabilizing coatings that can be applied to electrodes to yield a more stable oxygen electrode, and fuel cells incorporating oxygen electrodes produced according to the disclosure. In particular, the disclosure is directed to a finding that a conformal coating can be achieved by calcining a composition including a strontium salt, a cobalt salt, and a tantalum compound on a base electrode, the base electrode having an elemental composition including strontium.1. A method of forming a fuel cell oxygen electrode, the method comprising:
preparing a solution containing: a strontium salt, a cobalt salt, and a tantalum compound; applying a portion of the solution to a base electrode; and calcining the base electrode after applying the buffer solution at a temperature of about 900° C. to about 1500° C. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing the solution comprising the strontium salt, the cobalt salt, and the tantalum compound comprises:
preparing an aqueous solution comprising: the strontium salt, the cobalt salt, and water; preparing a second solution comprising: the tantalum compound; and combining the second solution with the aqueous solution. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the base electrode comprises a support and an overcoat, and wherein the overcoat covers a region of the support. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the overcoat is porous; 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the overcoat comprises La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
applying the overcoat to the surface of the support by screen printing. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the base electrode comprises strontium. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the base electrode further comprises lanthanum, cobalt, iron, or a combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is about 950° C. to about 1500° C. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature is about 975° C. to about 1250° C. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature is about 990° C. to about 1100° C. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising modifying the solution by introducing one or more buffers and/or a chelating agent to the solution to achieve a pH of about 6 to about 10. 13. A composition for an electrode coating, the composition comprising SrCoTaO. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition has the empirical formula SrCo0.9Ta0.1O3-δ. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the electrode coating is present on a base electrode that includes Sr. 16. A fuel cell oxygen electrode having a bilayer isostructure, the fuel cell oxygen electrode comprising:
a base electrode; and an electrode coating covering some or all of the base electrode. 17. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the base electrode comprises strontium. 18. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the base electrode has a surface comprising La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ, and wherein the coating conformally covers a substantial portion of the surface. 19. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the electrode coating comprises SrCoTaO. 20. The fuel cell oxygen electrode of claim 16, wherein the electrode coating has the empirical formula SrCo0.9Ta0.1O3-δ. | 2,800 |
343,214 | 16,802,649 | 3,619 | This disclosure relates to system for stabilizing a track-wheel based device is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system may include a support track configured to support the track-wheel based device. The system may further include a support-finger coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the support-finger may be configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger. The system may further include a biasing member having a first end and second end. The biasing member may be coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, and to the track-wheel based device via the second end. Further, the biasing member may be configured to maintain the at least one support-finger biased in the first position. | 1. A system for stabilizing a track-wheel based device, the system comprising:
a support track configured to support the track-wheel based device, to allow the track-wheel based device to perform a movement over the support track; a support-finger coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support-finger is configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger; and a biasing member having a first end and second end, the biasing member being coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, the biasing member being coupled to the track-wheel based device via the second end, wherein the biasing member is configured to maintain the at least one support-finger biased in the first position. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the support track comprises a first substantially vertical face, a second substantially vertical face, a first substantially horizontal face, and a second substantially horizontal face. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the at least one support-finger is rotatable in a plane parallel to the second substantially horizontal face. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the biasing member comprises at least one of a coil spring, a spiral spring, and a leaf spring. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the track-wheel based device comprises:
at least one track-wheel configured to run over the first substantially horizontal face, and at least one stabilizing wheel configured to run along the first substantially vertical face. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the support-finger is coupled to the track-wheel based device via the at least one stabilizing wheel, wherein an axis of rotation of the support-finger is along an axis of the at least one stabilizing wheel. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a support bracket coupled to the track-wheel based device, wherein the biasing member is coupled to the support bracket via the second end. 8. A track-wheel based device for moving on a support track, the track-wheel based device comprising:
a support-finger coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support-finger is configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger; and a biasing member having a first end and second end, the biasing member being coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, the biasing member being coupled to the track-wheel based device via the second end, wherein the biasing member is configured to maintain the at least one support-finger in the first position. 9. The track-wheel based device of claim 8, wherein the at least one support-finger is rotatable in a plane parallel to the second substantially horizontal face. 10. The track-wheel based device of claim 8, wherein the biasing member comprises at least one of a coil spring, a spiral spring, and a leaf spring. 11. The track-wheel based device of claim 8, further comprising:
at least one track-wheel configured to run over the first substantially horizontal face, and at least one stabilizing wheel configured to run along the first substantially vertical face. 12. The track-wheel based device of claim 11, wherein the support-finger is coupled to the track-wheel based device via the at least one stabilizing wheel, wherein an axis of rotation of the support-finger is along an axis of the at least one stabilizing wheel. 13. The track-wheel based device of claim 8 further comprising a support bracket, wherein the biasing member is coupled to the support bracket via the second end. 14. A stabilizing assembly for stabilizing a track-wheel based device over a support track, the stabilizing assembly comprising:
a support-finger configured to be coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support-finger is configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger; and a biasing member having a first end and second end, the biasing member being configured to be coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, the biasing member being coupled to the track-wheel based device via the second end, wherein the biasing member is configured to maintain the at least one support-finger biased in the first position. 15. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the stabilizing assembly is configured to be retrofitted to the track-wheel based device. 16. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the at least one support-finger is rotatable in a plane parallel to the second substantially horizontal face. 17. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the biasing member comprises at least one of a coil spring, a spiral spring, and a leaf spring. 18. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the track-wheel based device comprises:
at least one track-wheel configured to run over the first substantially horizontal face, and at least one stabilizing wheel configured to run along the first substantially vertical face. 19. The stabilizing assembly of claim 18, wherein the support-finger is coupled to the track-wheel based device via the at least one stabilizing wheel, wherein an axis of rotation of the support-finger is along an axis of the at least one stabilizing wheel. 20. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, further comprising a support bracket configured to be coupled to the track-wheel based device, wherein the biasing member is coupled to the support bracket via the second end. | This disclosure relates to system for stabilizing a track-wheel based device is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system may include a support track configured to support the track-wheel based device. The system may further include a support-finger coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the support-finger may be configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger. The system may further include a biasing member having a first end and second end. The biasing member may be coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, and to the track-wheel based device via the second end. Further, the biasing member may be configured to maintain the at least one support-finger biased in the first position.1. A system for stabilizing a track-wheel based device, the system comprising:
a support track configured to support the track-wheel based device, to allow the track-wheel based device to perform a movement over the support track; a support-finger coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support-finger is configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger; and a biasing member having a first end and second end, the biasing member being coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, the biasing member being coupled to the track-wheel based device via the second end, wherein the biasing member is configured to maintain the at least one support-finger biased in the first position. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the support track comprises a first substantially vertical face, a second substantially vertical face, a first substantially horizontal face, and a second substantially horizontal face. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the at least one support-finger is rotatable in a plane parallel to the second substantially horizontal face. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the biasing member comprises at least one of a coil spring, a spiral spring, and a leaf spring. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the track-wheel based device comprises:
at least one track-wheel configured to run over the first substantially horizontal face, and at least one stabilizing wheel configured to run along the first substantially vertical face. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the support-finger is coupled to the track-wheel based device via the at least one stabilizing wheel, wherein an axis of rotation of the support-finger is along an axis of the at least one stabilizing wheel. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a support bracket coupled to the track-wheel based device, wherein the biasing member is coupled to the support bracket via the second end. 8. A track-wheel based device for moving on a support track, the track-wheel based device comprising:
a support-finger coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support-finger is configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger; and a biasing member having a first end and second end, the biasing member being coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, the biasing member being coupled to the track-wheel based device via the second end, wherein the biasing member is configured to maintain the at least one support-finger in the first position. 9. The track-wheel based device of claim 8, wherein the at least one support-finger is rotatable in a plane parallel to the second substantially horizontal face. 10. The track-wheel based device of claim 8, wherein the biasing member comprises at least one of a coil spring, a spiral spring, and a leaf spring. 11. The track-wheel based device of claim 8, further comprising:
at least one track-wheel configured to run over the first substantially horizontal face, and at least one stabilizing wheel configured to run along the first substantially vertical face. 12. The track-wheel based device of claim 11, wherein the support-finger is coupled to the track-wheel based device via the at least one stabilizing wheel, wherein an axis of rotation of the support-finger is along an axis of the at least one stabilizing wheel. 13. The track-wheel based device of claim 8 further comprising a support bracket, wherein the biasing member is coupled to the support bracket via the second end. 14. A stabilizing assembly for stabilizing a track-wheel based device over a support track, the stabilizing assembly comprising:
a support-finger configured to be coupled to the track-wheel based device via a pivot point, the support-finger being rotatable about the pivot point between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support-finger is configured to sandwich the support track between the track-wheel based device and the support-finger; and a biasing member having a first end and second end, the biasing member being configured to be coupled to the at least one support-finger via the first end, the biasing member being coupled to the track-wheel based device via the second end, wherein the biasing member is configured to maintain the at least one support-finger biased in the first position. 15. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the stabilizing assembly is configured to be retrofitted to the track-wheel based device. 16. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the at least one support-finger is rotatable in a plane parallel to the second substantially horizontal face. 17. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the biasing member comprises at least one of a coil spring, a spiral spring, and a leaf spring. 18. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, wherein the track-wheel based device comprises:
at least one track-wheel configured to run over the first substantially horizontal face, and at least one stabilizing wheel configured to run along the first substantially vertical face. 19. The stabilizing assembly of claim 18, wherein the support-finger is coupled to the track-wheel based device via the at least one stabilizing wheel, wherein an axis of rotation of the support-finger is along an axis of the at least one stabilizing wheel. 20. The stabilizing assembly of claim 14, further comprising a support bracket configured to be coupled to the track-wheel based device, wherein the biasing member is coupled to the support bracket via the second end. | 3,600 |
343,215 | 16,802,576 | 3,619 | A semiconductor package includes a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by wire bonding; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die adhered onto the second semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element. | 1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by at least one connecting element; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die adhered onto the second semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element. 2. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip is a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and the semiconductor chip is a memory chip. 3. The semiconductor package according to claim 2, wherein the memory chip comprises a DRAM chip. 4. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor chip is adhered to the first semiconductor chip by using a die attach film. 5. The semiconductor package according to claim 4, wherein the die attach film comprises an epoxy adhesive layer. 6. The semiconductor package according to claim 4, wherein the die attach film has thermal conductivity of about 0.3 W/m-K. 7. The semiconductor package according to claim 4, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film comprises an adhesive film with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the die attach film. 8. The semiconductor package according to claim 7, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film has a thermal conductivity of about 2-50 W/m-K. 9. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of about 2-8 W/m-K. 10. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of 1 W/m-K. 11. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by at least one connecting element; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die adhered onto the second semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element, wherein a top surface of the in-package heat dissipating element is not covered by the molding compound and is exposed. 12. The semiconductor package according to claim 11, wherein the second semiconductor chip is adhered to the first semiconductor chip by using a die attach film. 13. The semiconductor package according to claim 12, wherein the die attach film comprises an epoxy adhesive layer. 14. The semiconductor package according to claim 12, wherein the die attach film has thermal conductivity of about 0.3 W/m-K. 15. The semiconductor package according to claim 12, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film comprises an adhesive film with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the die attach film. 16. The semiconductor package according to claim 15, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film has a thermal conductivity of about 2-50 W/m-K. 17. The semiconductor package according to claim 11, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of about 2-8 W/m-K. 18. The semiconductor package according to claim 11, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of 1 W/m-K. 19. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by at least one connecting element; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die disposed over a top surface of the first semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element. 20. The semiconductor package according to claim 19, wherein the second semiconductor die and the in-package heat dissipating element are attached onto the top surface of the first semiconductor die in a side-by-side manner. 21. The semiconductor package according to claim 20, wherein the second semiconductor chip is adhered to the first semiconductor chip by using a die attach film. 22. The semiconductor package according to claim 21, wherein the die attach film comprises an epoxy adhesive layer. 23. The semiconductor package according to claim 21, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film comprises an adhesive film with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the die attach film. 24. The semiconductor package according to claim 19, wherein a top surface of the in-package heat dissipating element is not covered by the molding compound and is exposed. | A semiconductor package includes a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by wire bonding; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die adhered onto the second semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element.1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by at least one connecting element; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die adhered onto the second semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element. 2. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip is a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and the semiconductor chip is a memory chip. 3. The semiconductor package according to claim 2, wherein the memory chip comprises a DRAM chip. 4. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor chip is adhered to the first semiconductor chip by using a die attach film. 5. The semiconductor package according to claim 4, wherein the die attach film comprises an epoxy adhesive layer. 6. The semiconductor package according to claim 4, wherein the die attach film has thermal conductivity of about 0.3 W/m-K. 7. The semiconductor package according to claim 4, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film comprises an adhesive film with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the die attach film. 8. The semiconductor package according to claim 7, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film has a thermal conductivity of about 2-50 W/m-K. 9. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of about 2-8 W/m-K. 10. The semiconductor package according to claim 1, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of 1 W/m-K. 11. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by at least one connecting element; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die adhered onto the second semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element, wherein a top surface of the in-package heat dissipating element is not covered by the molding compound and is exposed. 12. The semiconductor package according to claim 11, wherein the second semiconductor chip is adhered to the first semiconductor chip by using a die attach film. 13. The semiconductor package according to claim 12, wherein the die attach film comprises an epoxy adhesive layer. 14. The semiconductor package according to claim 12, wherein the die attach film has thermal conductivity of about 0.3 W/m-K. 15. The semiconductor package according to claim 12, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film comprises an adhesive film with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the die attach film. 16. The semiconductor package according to claim 15, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film has a thermal conductivity of about 2-50 W/m-K. 17. The semiconductor package according to claim 11, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of about 2-8 W/m-K. 18. The semiconductor package according to claim 11, wherein the molding compound has a thermal conductivity of 1 W/m-K. 19. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a base comprising a top surface and a bottom surface that is opposite to the top surface; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the top surface of the base in a flip-chip manner; a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically coupled to the base by at least one connecting element; an in-package heat dissipating element comprising a dummy silicon die disposed over a top surface of the first semiconductor chip by using a high-thermal conductive die attach film; and a molding compound encapsulating the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die, and the in-package heat dissipating element. 20. The semiconductor package according to claim 19, wherein the second semiconductor die and the in-package heat dissipating element are attached onto the top surface of the first semiconductor die in a side-by-side manner. 21. The semiconductor package according to claim 20, wherein the second semiconductor chip is adhered to the first semiconductor chip by using a die attach film. 22. The semiconductor package according to claim 21, wherein the die attach film comprises an epoxy adhesive layer. 23. The semiconductor package according to claim 21, wherein the high-thermal conductive die attach film comprises an adhesive film with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the die attach film. 24. The semiconductor package according to claim 19, wherein a top surface of the in-package heat dissipating element is not covered by the molding compound and is exposed. | 3,600 |
343,216 | 16,802,623 | 3,619 | A combination boiler provides heated water to a boiler loop and heated domestic hot water (DHW) to a DHW loop. A primary heat exchanger is connected to the boiler loop. A burner provides heat to the primary heat exchanger and an input fan supplies a fuel and air mixture to the burner. A secondary heat exchanger transfers heat energy from the boiler loop to a domestic water loop. A controller determines a boiler loop flow rate. The controller measures an input temperature of the boiler loop, an output temperature of the boiler loop, and a DHW output temperature of the domestic water loop. The controller determines a DHW input temperature and estimates a DHW flow rate. The input fan speed is initiated or operated according to a required heat output of the burner corresponding to the DHW flow rate. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A method of controlling domestic hot water (DHW) output temperature in a combination boiler having a primary heat exchanger connected to a boiler loop, a burner configured to provide heat to the primary heat exchanger, an input fan configured to supply a fuel and air mixture to the burner, and a secondary heat exchanger configured to transfer heat energy from the boiler loop to a domestic water loop, the method comprising:
initiating a domestic water loop flow and a boiler loop flow; measuring an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the primary heat exchanger; measuring a DHW output temperature of the secondary heat exchanger; determining a DHW flow rate based on a boiler loop flow rate, a boiler loop temperature differential based on the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature, and a DHW temperature differential between the DHW output temperature and a DHW input temperature; calculating a required heat output associated with the burner, the required heat output being defined as the DHW flow rate multiplied by a difference between the DHW output temperature and the DHW input temperature; and controlling the input fan at a fan rate corresponding to the required heat output. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the DHW input temperature is determined using at least one of an assumed or measured DHW input temperature value. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the boiler loop includes an inlet pump and a flow diverting valve, and wherein the boiler loop flow rate is determined based at least in part upon an operational characteristic of at least one of the inlet pump and the flow diverting valve. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the boiler loop flow rate corresponds to a flow rate of boiler loop water passing through the secondary heat exchanger via the flow diverting valve. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
comparing the DHW output temperature to a DHW set point temperature to determine an error amount; and selectively modifying operation of the combination boiler based on the error amount. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a running fan speed of the input fan is modified based at least in part upon the error amount. | A combination boiler provides heated water to a boiler loop and heated domestic hot water (DHW) to a DHW loop. A primary heat exchanger is connected to the boiler loop. A burner provides heat to the primary heat exchanger and an input fan supplies a fuel and air mixture to the burner. A secondary heat exchanger transfers heat energy from the boiler loop to a domestic water loop. A controller determines a boiler loop flow rate. The controller measures an input temperature of the boiler loop, an output temperature of the boiler loop, and a DHW output temperature of the domestic water loop. The controller determines a DHW input temperature and estimates a DHW flow rate. The input fan speed is initiated or operated according to a required heat output of the burner corresponding to the DHW flow rate.1-14. (canceled) 15. A method of controlling domestic hot water (DHW) output temperature in a combination boiler having a primary heat exchanger connected to a boiler loop, a burner configured to provide heat to the primary heat exchanger, an input fan configured to supply a fuel and air mixture to the burner, and a secondary heat exchanger configured to transfer heat energy from the boiler loop to a domestic water loop, the method comprising:
initiating a domestic water loop flow and a boiler loop flow; measuring an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the primary heat exchanger; measuring a DHW output temperature of the secondary heat exchanger; determining a DHW flow rate based on a boiler loop flow rate, a boiler loop temperature differential based on the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature, and a DHW temperature differential between the DHW output temperature and a DHW input temperature; calculating a required heat output associated with the burner, the required heat output being defined as the DHW flow rate multiplied by a difference between the DHW output temperature and the DHW input temperature; and controlling the input fan at a fan rate corresponding to the required heat output. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the DHW input temperature is determined using at least one of an assumed or measured DHW input temperature value. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the boiler loop includes an inlet pump and a flow diverting valve, and wherein the boiler loop flow rate is determined based at least in part upon an operational characteristic of at least one of the inlet pump and the flow diverting valve. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the boiler loop flow rate corresponds to a flow rate of boiler loop water passing through the secondary heat exchanger via the flow diverting valve. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
comparing the DHW output temperature to a DHW set point temperature to determine an error amount; and selectively modifying operation of the combination boiler based on the error amount. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a running fan speed of the input fan is modified based at least in part upon the error amount. | 3,600 |
343,217 | 16,802,603 | 3,619 | The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine formed from a lower part and an upper part which are threadingly connected to one another to form a piston. In one example, an anti-rotation safeguard device is used to prevent unwanted rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part. In another example, a forged extension and a nut are used to obtain a prestress during operation of the piston. In another example, a cooling gallery including extension bores are used to increase the cooling capacity. | 1. A piston of an internal combustion engine, formed from a lower part and an upper part, having a piston crown, the lower part and the upper part being joined to form the piston by way of one of a non-positive or positively locking connection, characterized in that an external thread is arranged between the lower part and the upper part. 2. The piston of claim 1, characterized in that at least two supports are provided between the lower part and the upper part. 3. The piston of claim 2, characterized in that there is a gap between the lower part and the upper part in a static state, at least in the region of one of the at least two supports. 4. The piston of claim 2, characterized in that at least one nut is provided for maintaining the prestress between the lower part and the upper part of the piston during the operation of the internal combustion engine. 5. The piston of claim 4, characterized in that a cup spring (6) is provided for abutting engagement with the at least one nut for maintaining the prestress between the lower part and the upper part during the operation of the internal combustion engine. 6. The piston of claim 1, characterized in that the external thread is formed by a circumferential land of the upper part and a corresponding circumferential land of the lower part. 7. A piston for use in an internal combustion engine comprising:
a lower part having an external threaded portion positioned circumferentially about a piston stroke axis, the lower part having a first contact surface and a second contact surface positioned radially distant from the first contact surface; an upper part having an external threaded portion positioned circumferentially about a piston stroke axis and a first contact surface and a second contact surface positioned radially distant from the first contact surface, the upper part threaded portion selectively threadingly engaging the lower part portion to connect the upper part to the lower part; a main support defined by the abutting engagement of the lower part first contact surface and the upper part contact surface on the threaded engagement of the upper and the lower part; and an auxiliary support defined by the lower part second contact surface and the upper part second contact surface on threaded engagement of the upper part and the lower part. 8. The piston of claim 7 wherein the lower part further comprises a circumferential land defining the lower part external threaded portion; the upper part further comprises a circumferential land defining the upper part external threaded portion. 9. The piston of claim 8 wherein the lower part external threaded portion extends in a direction radially outward from the piston stroke axis; and the upper part external threaded portion extends in a direction radially inward toward the piston stroke axis. 10. The piston of claim 7 wherein the upper part further comprises an extension extending downwardly toward the lower portion along the piston stroke axis; and
a nut threadingly engaging the extension operable to selectively axially compress the lower part against the upper part. 11. The piston of claim 10 further comprising a cup spring positioned between the nut and the extension, the cup spring operable to apply an axially biasing force against the nut and the extension on tightening engagement of the nut to the extension. 12. The piston of claim 7 further wherein the upper part and the lower part define an axial anti-rotation bore extending through the main support; and an anti-rotation device positioned within the anti-rotation bore, the anti-rotation device operable to prevent rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part about the piston stroke axis. 13. The piston of claim 7 wherein the upper part and the lower part define an inner region cavity positioned vertically above a pin bore along the piston stroke axis. 14. The piston of claim 7 further comprising:
a cooling gallery defined by the upper part and the lower part extending circumferentially about the piston stroke axis, the cooling gallery further defining a plurality of extension bores in fluid communication with the cooling gallery. 15. The piston of claim 7 wherein the lower part further comprises a third contact surface and the upper part further comprises a third contact surface, the lower part third contact surface and the upper part third contact surface defining a third support. 16. The piston of claim 7 wherein the auxiliary support defines a spatial gap between the lower part second contact surface and the upper part second contact surface when the upper part is fully threadingly engaged with the lower part wherein the upper part first contact surface is abuttingly engaged with the lower part first contact surface. | The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine formed from a lower part and an upper part which are threadingly connected to one another to form a piston. In one example, an anti-rotation safeguard device is used to prevent unwanted rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part. In another example, a forged extension and a nut are used to obtain a prestress during operation of the piston. In another example, a cooling gallery including extension bores are used to increase the cooling capacity.1. A piston of an internal combustion engine, formed from a lower part and an upper part, having a piston crown, the lower part and the upper part being joined to form the piston by way of one of a non-positive or positively locking connection, characterized in that an external thread is arranged between the lower part and the upper part. 2. The piston of claim 1, characterized in that at least two supports are provided between the lower part and the upper part. 3. The piston of claim 2, characterized in that there is a gap between the lower part and the upper part in a static state, at least in the region of one of the at least two supports. 4. The piston of claim 2, characterized in that at least one nut is provided for maintaining the prestress between the lower part and the upper part of the piston during the operation of the internal combustion engine. 5. The piston of claim 4, characterized in that a cup spring (6) is provided for abutting engagement with the at least one nut for maintaining the prestress between the lower part and the upper part during the operation of the internal combustion engine. 6. The piston of claim 1, characterized in that the external thread is formed by a circumferential land of the upper part and a corresponding circumferential land of the lower part. 7. A piston for use in an internal combustion engine comprising:
a lower part having an external threaded portion positioned circumferentially about a piston stroke axis, the lower part having a first contact surface and a second contact surface positioned radially distant from the first contact surface; an upper part having an external threaded portion positioned circumferentially about a piston stroke axis and a first contact surface and a second contact surface positioned radially distant from the first contact surface, the upper part threaded portion selectively threadingly engaging the lower part portion to connect the upper part to the lower part; a main support defined by the abutting engagement of the lower part first contact surface and the upper part contact surface on the threaded engagement of the upper and the lower part; and an auxiliary support defined by the lower part second contact surface and the upper part second contact surface on threaded engagement of the upper part and the lower part. 8. The piston of claim 7 wherein the lower part further comprises a circumferential land defining the lower part external threaded portion; the upper part further comprises a circumferential land defining the upper part external threaded portion. 9. The piston of claim 8 wherein the lower part external threaded portion extends in a direction radially outward from the piston stroke axis; and the upper part external threaded portion extends in a direction radially inward toward the piston stroke axis. 10. The piston of claim 7 wherein the upper part further comprises an extension extending downwardly toward the lower portion along the piston stroke axis; and
a nut threadingly engaging the extension operable to selectively axially compress the lower part against the upper part. 11. The piston of claim 10 further comprising a cup spring positioned between the nut and the extension, the cup spring operable to apply an axially biasing force against the nut and the extension on tightening engagement of the nut to the extension. 12. The piston of claim 7 further wherein the upper part and the lower part define an axial anti-rotation bore extending through the main support; and an anti-rotation device positioned within the anti-rotation bore, the anti-rotation device operable to prevent rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part about the piston stroke axis. 13. The piston of claim 7 wherein the upper part and the lower part define an inner region cavity positioned vertically above a pin bore along the piston stroke axis. 14. The piston of claim 7 further comprising:
a cooling gallery defined by the upper part and the lower part extending circumferentially about the piston stroke axis, the cooling gallery further defining a plurality of extension bores in fluid communication with the cooling gallery. 15. The piston of claim 7 wherein the lower part further comprises a third contact surface and the upper part further comprises a third contact surface, the lower part third contact surface and the upper part third contact surface defining a third support. 16. The piston of claim 7 wherein the auxiliary support defines a spatial gap between the lower part second contact surface and the upper part second contact surface when the upper part is fully threadingly engaged with the lower part wherein the upper part first contact surface is abuttingly engaged with the lower part first contact surface. | 3,600 |
343,218 | 16,802,626 | 3,619 | The present invention is a method for accessing a model, wherein the model incorporates a plurality of roof truss assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting at least one interface between at least two roof truss assemblies, and wherein the interface type is detected; recording, by at least one processors, a interface type, wherein a set of required values based on the interface type are identified; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface; comparing if the set of actual values is within the required values; identifying a modification to at least one roof truss assembly involved in the interface; incorporating the modification into the model; and analyzing the model for newly created interfaces between a set of members of the model. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model, wherein the model incorporates a plurality of roof truss assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, at least one interface between at least two roof truss assemblies, and wherein the interface type is detected; recording, by at least one processors, a interface type, wherein a set of required values based on the interface type are identified; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface; comparing, by at least one processor, if the set of actual values is within the required values; identifying, by at least one processor, a modification to at least one roof truss assembly involved in the interface; incorporating, by at least one processor, the modification into the model; and analyzing, by at least one processor, the model for newly created interfaces between a set of members of the model. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is associated with a horizontal interface. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is associated with a vertical interface. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is associated with a gap interface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, selecting, by at least one processor, at least one member and modifying the selected member. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, selecting, by at least one processor, at least two members and modifying the selected members, wherein the members are identified as members involved in the interface. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, the fastening locations of the interfacing assemblies, and determining if the fastening locations are substantially aligned. 8. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the interface type is associated with a horizontal interface. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the interface type is associated with a vertical interface. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the interface type is associated with a gap interface. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, selecting at least one member and modifying the selected member. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, selecting at least two members and modifying the selected members, wherein the members are identified as members involved in the interface. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, identifying the fastening locations of the interfacing assemblies, and determining if the fastening locations are substantially aligned. 15. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model, wherein the model incorporates a plurality of roof truss assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members;
detecting at least one interface between at least two roof truss assemblies, and wherein the interface type is detected;
recording, by at least one processors, a interface type, wherein a set of required values based on the interface type are identified;
calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface;
comparing if the set of actual values is within the required values;
identifying a modification to at least one roof truss assembly involved in the interface;
incorporating the modification into the model; and
analyzing the model for newly created interfaces between a set of members of the model. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the interface type is associated with a horizontal interface. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the interface type is associated with a vertical interface. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the interface type is associated with a gap interface. 19. The system of claim 15, further comprising, selecting at least one member and modifying the selected member. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising, selecting at least two members and modifying the selected members, wherein the members are identified as members involved in the interface. | The present invention is a method for accessing a model, wherein the model incorporates a plurality of roof truss assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting at least one interface between at least two roof truss assemblies, and wherein the interface type is detected; recording, by at least one processors, a interface type, wherein a set of required values based on the interface type are identified; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface; comparing if the set of actual values is within the required values; identifying a modification to at least one roof truss assembly involved in the interface; incorporating the modification into the model; and analyzing the model for newly created interfaces between a set of members of the model.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model, wherein the model incorporates a plurality of roof truss assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members; detecting, by at least one processor, at least one interface between at least two roof truss assemblies, and wherein the interface type is detected; recording, by at least one processors, a interface type, wherein a set of required values based on the interface type are identified; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface; comparing, by at least one processor, if the set of actual values is within the required values; identifying, by at least one processor, a modification to at least one roof truss assembly involved in the interface; incorporating, by at least one processor, the modification into the model; and analyzing, by at least one processor, the model for newly created interfaces between a set of members of the model. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is associated with a horizontal interface. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is associated with a vertical interface. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is associated with a gap interface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, selecting, by at least one processor, at least one member and modifying the selected member. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, selecting, by at least one processor, at least two members and modifying the selected members, wherein the members are identified as members involved in the interface. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, the fastening locations of the interfacing assemblies, and determining if the fastening locations are substantially aligned. 8. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the interface type is associated with a horizontal interface. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the interface type is associated with a vertical interface. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the interface type is associated with a gap interface. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, selecting at least one member and modifying the selected member. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, selecting at least two members and modifying the selected members, wherein the members are identified as members involved in the interface. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, identifying the fastening locations of the interfacing assemblies, and determining if the fastening locations are substantially aligned. 15. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model, wherein the model incorporates a plurality of roof truss assemblies, wherein the assemblies are comprised of a plurality of members;
detecting at least one interface between at least two roof truss assemblies, and wherein the interface type is detected;
recording, by at least one processors, a interface type, wherein a set of required values based on the interface type are identified;
calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface;
comparing if the set of actual values is within the required values;
identifying a modification to at least one roof truss assembly involved in the interface;
incorporating the modification into the model; and
analyzing the model for newly created interfaces between a set of members of the model. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the interface type is associated with a horizontal interface. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the interface type is associated with a vertical interface. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the interface type is associated with a gap interface. 19. The system of claim 15, further comprising, selecting at least one member and modifying the selected member. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising, selecting at least two members and modifying the selected members, wherein the members are identified as members involved in the interface. | 3,600 |
343,219 | 16,802,633 | 2,148 | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of wall panels; isolating a plurality of the wall panels, wherein the wall panels interface with another wall panels in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the wall panels involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the wall panels; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of wall panels; isolating, by at least one processor, a plurality of the wall panels, wherein the wall panels interface with another wall panels in a horizontal type interface; selecting, by at least one processor, members of the wall panels involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the wall panels; detecting, by at least one processor, the member type and the interface type; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of wall panels; isolating a plurality of the wall panels, wherein the wall panels interface with another wall panels in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the wall panels involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the wall panels; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of wall panels; isolating a plurality of the wall panels, wherein the wall panels interface with another wall panels in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the wall panels involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the wall panels; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of wall panels; isolating, by at least one processor, a plurality of the wall panels, wherein the wall panels interface with another wall panels in a horizontal type interface; selecting, by at least one processor, members of the wall panels involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the wall panels; detecting, by at least one processor, the member type and the interface type; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of wall panels; isolating a plurality of the wall panels, wherein the wall panels interface with another wall panels in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the wall panels involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the wall panels; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. | 2,100 |
343,220 | 16,802,602 | 2,148 | A medical observation system includes: a microscope; a support including a first joint configured to hold the microscope such that the microscope is rotatable about a first axis parallel to an optical axis of the microscope; and a first arm configured to hold the first joint and extend in a direction different from a direction of the optical axis of the microscope; a light guide cable inserted in the support and configured to guide illumination light to the microscope; and a binder configured to bind the light guide cable, wherein at least a part of the light guide cable is arranged along the first axis in a first section, the light guide cable extends in a direction different from the first axis in a second section, and the binder is configured to bind the light guide cable in the second section. | 1. A medical observation system comprising:
a microscope; a support including
a first joint configured to hold the microscope such that the microscope is rotatable about a first axis parallel to an optical axis of the microscope; and
a first arm configured to hold the first joint and extend in a direction different from a direction of the optical axis of the microscope;
a light guide cable inserted in the support and configured to guide illumination light to the microscope; and a binder configured to bind the light guide cable, wherein at least a part of the light guide cable is arranged along the first axis in a first section, the light guide cable extends in a direction different from the first axis in a second section, and the binder is configured to bind the light guide cable in the second section. 2. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein
the microscope is configured to capture an image of a micro region of an observed body in an enlarged manner and output an imaging signal, the medical observation system further comprising:
a controller configured to perform signal processing on the imaging signal output by the microscope and generate image data to be displayed; and
a signal cable configured to connect the microscope and the controller, the signal cable being inserted in the support, and configured to transmit the imaging signal, and
the binder is configured to bind the signal cable and the light guide cable in the second section. 3. The medical observation system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of the light guide cables; and a plurality of the signal cables, wherein the binder is configured to bind the plurality of light guide cables and the plurality of signal cables in the second section. 4. The medical observation system according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second binder configured to bind the plurality of light guide cables in a third section located opposite to the second section across the first section; and a third binder configured to bind the plurality of signal cables in the third section. 5. The medical observation system according to claim 4, wherein
a diameter of the light guide cable is larger than a diameter of the signal cable, and a length between the binder on one end side of the light guide cable and the binder on other end side of the light guide cable is longer than a length between the binder on one end side of the signal cable and the binder on other end side of the signal cable. 6. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein
the second section includes the first arm, and the binder is arranged on the first arm. 7. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein
the first joint includes a hollow shaft in which the light guide cable is inserted, and the binder is arranged at a position separated from the first axis by a distance that is longer than a half of an inner diameter of the hollow shaft. 8. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein the first joint is configured to rotate the microscope by 360° or larger. 9. The medical observation system according to claim 4, wherein
the first joint includes a hollow shaft part in which the light guide cable is inserted, and a distance of the light guide cable from the binder to the second binder is equal to or larger than four times of an inner diameter of the hollow shaft. | A medical observation system includes: a microscope; a support including a first joint configured to hold the microscope such that the microscope is rotatable about a first axis parallel to an optical axis of the microscope; and a first arm configured to hold the first joint and extend in a direction different from a direction of the optical axis of the microscope; a light guide cable inserted in the support and configured to guide illumination light to the microscope; and a binder configured to bind the light guide cable, wherein at least a part of the light guide cable is arranged along the first axis in a first section, the light guide cable extends in a direction different from the first axis in a second section, and the binder is configured to bind the light guide cable in the second section.1. A medical observation system comprising:
a microscope; a support including
a first joint configured to hold the microscope such that the microscope is rotatable about a first axis parallel to an optical axis of the microscope; and
a first arm configured to hold the first joint and extend in a direction different from a direction of the optical axis of the microscope;
a light guide cable inserted in the support and configured to guide illumination light to the microscope; and a binder configured to bind the light guide cable, wherein at least a part of the light guide cable is arranged along the first axis in a first section, the light guide cable extends in a direction different from the first axis in a second section, and the binder is configured to bind the light guide cable in the second section. 2. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein
the microscope is configured to capture an image of a micro region of an observed body in an enlarged manner and output an imaging signal, the medical observation system further comprising:
a controller configured to perform signal processing on the imaging signal output by the microscope and generate image data to be displayed; and
a signal cable configured to connect the microscope and the controller, the signal cable being inserted in the support, and configured to transmit the imaging signal, and
the binder is configured to bind the signal cable and the light guide cable in the second section. 3. The medical observation system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of the light guide cables; and a plurality of the signal cables, wherein the binder is configured to bind the plurality of light guide cables and the plurality of signal cables in the second section. 4. The medical observation system according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second binder configured to bind the plurality of light guide cables in a third section located opposite to the second section across the first section; and a third binder configured to bind the plurality of signal cables in the third section. 5. The medical observation system according to claim 4, wherein
a diameter of the light guide cable is larger than a diameter of the signal cable, and a length between the binder on one end side of the light guide cable and the binder on other end side of the light guide cable is longer than a length between the binder on one end side of the signal cable and the binder on other end side of the signal cable. 6. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein
the second section includes the first arm, and the binder is arranged on the first arm. 7. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein
the first joint includes a hollow shaft in which the light guide cable is inserted, and the binder is arranged at a position separated from the first axis by a distance that is longer than a half of an inner diameter of the hollow shaft. 8. The medical observation system according to claim 1, wherein the first joint is configured to rotate the microscope by 360° or larger. 9. The medical observation system according to claim 4, wherein
the first joint includes a hollow shaft part in which the light guide cable is inserted, and a distance of the light guide cable from the binder to the second binder is equal to or larger than four times of an inner diameter of the hollow shaft. | 2,100 |
343,221 | 16,642,847 | 2,148 | A touch sensing apparatus is provided comprising: a light transmissive panel that defines a touch surface, a plurality of light emitters and detectors arranged along a perimeter of the light transmissive panel, a plurality of optical components arranged along the perimeter of the light transmissive panel, wherein the light emitters are arranged to emit a respective beam of emitted light and the optical components are configured to direct the emitted light to a path across the light transmissive panel. Optionally, optical components comprise a light guide arranged to receive light from the light emitters through a first surface and couple out light travelling in the light guide to the touch surface through a second surface. The second surface may be diffusively transmissive. The light guide may further comprise a reflective surface configured to internally reflect light travelling in the light guide from the first surface to the diffusive surface. The reflective surface may be diffusely reflective, partially diffusely reflective, or specularly reflective. | 1. A touch sensing apparatus, comprising:
a light transmissive panel that defines a touch surface, a plurality of light emitters and detectors arranged along a perimeter of the light transmissive panel, and a plurality of optical components arranged along the perimeter of the light transmissive panel, wherein the light emitters are arranged to emit a respective beam of emitted light and the optical components are configured to direct the emitted light to a path across the light transmissive panel. 2. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical components comprise
a light guide arranged to receive light from the light emitters through a first surface and couple out light travelling in the light guide to the touch surface through a second surface. 3. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second surface is diffusively transmissive. 4. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the light guide further comprises a reflective surface configured to internally reflect light travelling in the light guide from the first surface to the diffusive surface. 5. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the reflective surface is diffusely reflective, partially diffusely reflective, or specularly reflective. 6. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reflective surface is coated by at least one of a high refractive index coating and a scratch resistant coating. 7. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and or second surfaces comprise a dioptric power. 8. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and or second surfaces comprise a corrugation. 9. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a ditch formed between the second surface and the panel. 10. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one protective stop mounted to touch sensing apparatus proximal to an optical component and extending further from the touch surface along the normal to the plane of the touch surface than any optical component surface. 11. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical components comprise
a reflector surface to reflect light from the light emitters to the touch surface, wherein the reflector surface reflects light diffusively, partially diffusively, or specularly. 12. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein an angular filter is arranged between the optical components and touch surface and configured to only allow light travelling within 10 degrees of the plane of touch surface to pass between the touch surface and the optical components. 13. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an elongate channel positioned between each light emitter and/or detector and a surface of a corresponding optical component, wherein the elongate channel comprising channel walls, and wherein at least a portion of the channel walls are configured to absorb light. 14. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the elongate channel is formed from a light guide, an airgap, or other light transmissive medium. 15. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the elongate channel is not straight and wherein the channel walls comprise internally reflective surfaces. | A touch sensing apparatus is provided comprising: a light transmissive panel that defines a touch surface, a plurality of light emitters and detectors arranged along a perimeter of the light transmissive panel, a plurality of optical components arranged along the perimeter of the light transmissive panel, wherein the light emitters are arranged to emit a respective beam of emitted light and the optical components are configured to direct the emitted light to a path across the light transmissive panel. Optionally, optical components comprise a light guide arranged to receive light from the light emitters through a first surface and couple out light travelling in the light guide to the touch surface through a second surface. The second surface may be diffusively transmissive. The light guide may further comprise a reflective surface configured to internally reflect light travelling in the light guide from the first surface to the diffusive surface. The reflective surface may be diffusely reflective, partially diffusely reflective, or specularly reflective.1. A touch sensing apparatus, comprising:
a light transmissive panel that defines a touch surface, a plurality of light emitters and detectors arranged along a perimeter of the light transmissive panel, and a plurality of optical components arranged along the perimeter of the light transmissive panel, wherein the light emitters are arranged to emit a respective beam of emitted light and the optical components are configured to direct the emitted light to a path across the light transmissive panel. 2. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical components comprise
a light guide arranged to receive light from the light emitters through a first surface and couple out light travelling in the light guide to the touch surface through a second surface. 3. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second surface is diffusively transmissive. 4. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the light guide further comprises a reflective surface configured to internally reflect light travelling in the light guide from the first surface to the diffusive surface. 5. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the reflective surface is diffusely reflective, partially diffusely reflective, or specularly reflective. 6. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reflective surface is coated by at least one of a high refractive index coating and a scratch resistant coating. 7. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and or second surfaces comprise a dioptric power. 8. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and or second surfaces comprise a corrugation. 9. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a ditch formed between the second surface and the panel. 10. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one protective stop mounted to touch sensing apparatus proximal to an optical component and extending further from the touch surface along the normal to the plane of the touch surface than any optical component surface. 11. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical components comprise
a reflector surface to reflect light from the light emitters to the touch surface, wherein the reflector surface reflects light diffusively, partially diffusively, or specularly. 12. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein an angular filter is arranged between the optical components and touch surface and configured to only allow light travelling within 10 degrees of the plane of touch surface to pass between the touch surface and the optical components. 13. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an elongate channel positioned between each light emitter and/or detector and a surface of a corresponding optical component, wherein the elongate channel comprising channel walls, and wherein at least a portion of the channel walls are configured to absorb light. 14. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the elongate channel is formed from a light guide, an airgap, or other light transmissive medium. 15. The touch sensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the elongate channel is not straight and wherein the channel walls comprise internally reflective surfaces. | 2,100 |
343,222 | 16,802,605 | 2,148 | A robot system includes a robot including an arm, a control section configured to control operation of the robot, a gripping section coupled to the arm and configured to grip a cable, at one end of which a connector is provided, and a detecting section configured to detect contact of the gripping section and the connector. The control section causes the gripping section to perform first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, moves the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, stops the movement of the gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section, and causes the gripping section to perform second gripping for gripping the connector. | 1. A robot system comprising:
a robot including an arm; a control section configured to control operation of the robot; a gripping section coupled to the arm and configured to grip a cable, at one end of which a connector is provided; and a detecting section configured to detect contact of the gripping section and the connector, wherein the control section causes the gripping section to perform first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, moves the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, stops the movement of the gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section, and causes the gripping section to perform second gripping for gripping the connector. 2. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the detecting section is a force sensor. 3. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
another end of the cable is a fixed end that is fixed, and a distance from the one end of the cable to a portion where the gripping section performs the first gripping is larger than a distance from the other end of the cable to the portion where the gripping section performs the first gripping. 4. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
the gripping section includes a first claw section and a second claw section that come into contact with and separate from each other, and in a state in which the first claw section and the second claw section are in contact, the first claw section and the second claw section form a hole section through which the cable is inserted. 5. The robot system according to claim 4, wherein, when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction, the first claw section or the second claw section and the connector overlap. 6. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the gripping section includes a posture adjusting section configured to adjust a posture of the connector when coming into contact with the connector. 7. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein, when moving the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, the control section includes a section in which the gripping section is moved by position control. 8. A control method for a robot system including:
a robot including an arm; a gripping section coupled to the arm and configured to grip a cable, at one end of which a connector is provided; and a detecting section configured to detect contact of the gripping section and the connector, the control method comprising: performing first gripping for gripping, with the gripping section, the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable; moving the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed; stopping the movement of the gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section; and performing second gripping for gripping the connector with the gripping section. 9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein in the moving the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, the step includes a section in which the gripping section is moved by position control. | A robot system includes a robot including an arm, a control section configured to control operation of the robot, a gripping section coupled to the arm and configured to grip a cable, at one end of which a connector is provided, and a detecting section configured to detect contact of the gripping section and the connector. The control section causes the gripping section to perform first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, moves the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, stops the movement of the gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section, and causes the gripping section to perform second gripping for gripping the connector.1. A robot system comprising:
a robot including an arm; a control section configured to control operation of the robot; a gripping section coupled to the arm and configured to grip a cable, at one end of which a connector is provided; and a detecting section configured to detect contact of the gripping section and the connector, wherein the control section causes the gripping section to perform first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, moves the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, stops the movement of the gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section, and causes the gripping section to perform second gripping for gripping the connector. 2. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the detecting section is a force sensor. 3. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
another end of the cable is a fixed end that is fixed, and a distance from the one end of the cable to a portion where the gripping section performs the first gripping is larger than a distance from the other end of the cable to the portion where the gripping section performs the first gripping. 4. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
the gripping section includes a first claw section and a second claw section that come into contact with and separate from each other, and in a state in which the first claw section and the second claw section are in contact, the first claw section and the second claw section form a hole section through which the cable is inserted. 5. The robot system according to claim 4, wherein, when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction, the first claw section or the second claw section and the connector overlap. 6. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the gripping section includes a posture adjusting section configured to adjust a posture of the connector when coming into contact with the connector. 7. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein, when moving the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, the control section includes a section in which the gripping section is moved by position control. 8. A control method for a robot system including:
a robot including an arm; a gripping section coupled to the arm and configured to grip a cable, at one end of which a connector is provided; and a detecting section configured to detect contact of the gripping section and the connector, the control method comprising: performing first gripping for gripping, with the gripping section, the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable; moving the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed; stopping the movement of the gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section; and performing second gripping for gripping the connector with the gripping section. 9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein in the moving the gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, the step includes a section in which the gripping section is moved by position control. | 2,100 |
343,223 | 16,802,618 | 2,148 | A quadrature detector subjects a received signal to quadrature detection and outputs a base band signal. A direct current component measurement circuit measures a magnitude of a direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector. A first HPF and a second HPF reduce the direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector. A demodulator demodulates the base band signal output from the first HPF and the second HPF. A controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than a threshold value. | 1. A receive device comprising:
a quadrature detector that subjects a received signal to quadrature detection and outputs a base band signal; a direct current component measurement circuit that measures a magnitude of a direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector; a high-pass filter that reduces the direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector; a demodulator that demodulates the base band signal output from the high-pass filter; and a controller that exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than a threshold value. 2. The receive device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when an amount of variation in the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit per a unit time is equal to or larger than a threshold value. 3. The receive device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an attenuator that outputs the received signal to the quadrature detector, wherein the attenuator is controlled by the controller to reduce a level of the received signal. 4. The receive device according to claim 2, further comprising:
an attenuator that outputs the received signal to the quadrature detector, wherein the attenuator is controlled by the controller to reduce a level of the received signal. 5. The receive device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 6. The receive device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 7. The receive device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 8. The receive device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 9. The receive device according to claim 5, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 10. The receive device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 11. The receive device according to claim 7, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 12. The receive device according to claim 8, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 13. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium encoded with a computer program, the program comprising computer-implemented modules including:
measuring a magnitude of a direct current component included in a base band signal from a quadrature detector that subjects a received signal to quadrature detection; reducing the direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector; demodulating the base band signal with the direct current component reduced; and exercising control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured is equal to or larger than a threshold value. | A quadrature detector subjects a received signal to quadrature detection and outputs a base band signal. A direct current component measurement circuit measures a magnitude of a direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector. A first HPF and a second HPF reduce the direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector. A demodulator demodulates the base band signal output from the first HPF and the second HPF. A controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than a threshold value.1. A receive device comprising:
a quadrature detector that subjects a received signal to quadrature detection and outputs a base band signal; a direct current component measurement circuit that measures a magnitude of a direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector; a high-pass filter that reduces the direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector; a demodulator that demodulates the base band signal output from the high-pass filter; and a controller that exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than a threshold value. 2. The receive device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when an amount of variation in the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit per a unit time is equal to or larger than a threshold value. 3. The receive device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an attenuator that outputs the received signal to the quadrature detector, wherein the attenuator is controlled by the controller to reduce a level of the received signal. 4. The receive device according to claim 2, further comprising:
an attenuator that outputs the received signal to the quadrature detector, wherein the attenuator is controlled by the controller to reduce a level of the received signal. 5. The receive device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 6. The receive device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 7. The receive device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 8. The receive device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a signal intensity measurement circuit that measures a signal intensity of the base band signal from the quadrature detector, wherein the controller exercises control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured by the direct current component measurement circuit is equal to or larger than the threshold value and when the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit is equal to larger than another threshold value. 9. The receive device according to claim 5, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 10. The receive device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 11. The receive device according to claim 7, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 12. The receive device according to claim 8, further comprising:
an amplifier that amplifies the base band signal from the quadrature detector and outputs the amplified base band signal to the signal intensity measurement circuit, the direct current component measurement circuit, and the high-pass filter; and a configuration circuit that configures a gain of the amplifier based on the signal intensity measured by the signal intensity measurement circuit. 13. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium encoded with a computer program, the program comprising computer-implemented modules including:
measuring a magnitude of a direct current component included in a base band signal from a quadrature detector that subjects a received signal to quadrature detection; reducing the direct current component included in the base band signal from the quadrature detector; demodulating the base band signal with the direct current component reduced; and exercising control to attenuate a level of the received signal input to the quadrature detector when the magnitude of the direct current component measured is equal to or larger than a threshold value. | 2,100 |
343,224 | 16,802,622 | 2,148 | A sleeve (11) is a hollow cylindrical member provided in a shield terminal (10), and pressable by a wire barrel (18) by being arranged between an insulating portion (63) and a shield portion (62) of a shielded cable (60). A convex portion (36) shaped to bulge radially outward over an entire circumference is provided at an intermediate position of the sleeve (11) in an axial direction. The convex portion (36) is crushed and elongated by the wire barrel (18) of an outer conductor terminal (13). The insulating portion (63) can be prevented from being excessively compressed. | 1. A hollow cylindrical sleeve (11) pressable by a barrel (18) by being arranged between an insulating portion (63) and a shield (62) of a shielded cable (60), wherein:
an intermediate convex portion (36) shaped to bulge radially outward over an entire circumference is provided at an intermediate position in an axial direction. 2. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein a receiving base (37) along the axial direction is provided in a part pressable by the barrel (18) on a radially outer part of the intermediate convex portion (36). 3. The sleeve of claim 2, wherein an end convex portion (38) shaped to bulge radially out over an entire circumference is provided on an end part in the axial direction, and a concave portion (41) is formed between the end convex portion (38) and the intermediate convex portion (36) in the axial direction. 4. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein an end convex portion (38) shaped to bulge radially out over an entire circumference is provided on an end part in the axial direction, and a concave portion (41) is formed between the end convex portion (38) and the intermediate convex portion (36) in the axial direction. 5. A shield terminal manufacturing method, comprising:
arranging a hollow cylindrical sleeve (11) between an insulating portion (63) and a shield (62) of a shielded cable (60), the sleeve (11) having an intermediate convex portion (36) shaped to bulge radially outward over an entire circumference at an intermediate position of the sleeve (11) in an axial direction; pressing a barrel (18) toward the sleeve (11) across the shield (62); and crushing and elongating the intermediate convex portion (36) by the barrel (18) and connecting an outer conductor terminal to the shielded cable (60). 6. The shield terminal manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein the barrel (18) for pressing the convex portion (36) is a wire barrel configured to contact the shield (62). | A sleeve (11) is a hollow cylindrical member provided in a shield terminal (10), and pressable by a wire barrel (18) by being arranged between an insulating portion (63) and a shield portion (62) of a shielded cable (60). A convex portion (36) shaped to bulge radially outward over an entire circumference is provided at an intermediate position of the sleeve (11) in an axial direction. The convex portion (36) is crushed and elongated by the wire barrel (18) of an outer conductor terminal (13). The insulating portion (63) can be prevented from being excessively compressed.1. A hollow cylindrical sleeve (11) pressable by a barrel (18) by being arranged between an insulating portion (63) and a shield (62) of a shielded cable (60), wherein:
an intermediate convex portion (36) shaped to bulge radially outward over an entire circumference is provided at an intermediate position in an axial direction. 2. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein a receiving base (37) along the axial direction is provided in a part pressable by the barrel (18) on a radially outer part of the intermediate convex portion (36). 3. The sleeve of claim 2, wherein an end convex portion (38) shaped to bulge radially out over an entire circumference is provided on an end part in the axial direction, and a concave portion (41) is formed between the end convex portion (38) and the intermediate convex portion (36) in the axial direction. 4. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein an end convex portion (38) shaped to bulge radially out over an entire circumference is provided on an end part in the axial direction, and a concave portion (41) is formed between the end convex portion (38) and the intermediate convex portion (36) in the axial direction. 5. A shield terminal manufacturing method, comprising:
arranging a hollow cylindrical sleeve (11) between an insulating portion (63) and a shield (62) of a shielded cable (60), the sleeve (11) having an intermediate convex portion (36) shaped to bulge radially outward over an entire circumference at an intermediate position of the sleeve (11) in an axial direction; pressing a barrel (18) toward the sleeve (11) across the shield (62); and crushing and elongating the intermediate convex portion (36) by the barrel (18) and connecting an outer conductor terminal to the shielded cable (60). 6. The shield terminal manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein the barrel (18) for pressing the convex portion (36) is a wire barrel configured to contact the shield (62). | 2,100 |
343,225 | 16,802,663 | 2,148 | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a foundation; isolating a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a foundation; isolating, by at least one processor, a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting, by at least one processor, a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting, by at least one processor, an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall member and the foundation. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall member interfacing surface relative to a foundation edge. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a gap between the wall member interfacing surface and a foundation surface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall member to the foundation. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall member and foundation. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a foundation; isolating a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall member and the foundation. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall member interfacing surface relative to a foundation edge. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a gap between the wall member interfacing surface and a foundation surface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall member to the foundation. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9 further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall member and foundation. 16. The computer program product of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a foundation; isolating a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall member and the foundation. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall member interfacing surface relative to a foundation edge. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a gap between the wall member interfacing surface and a foundation surface. | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a foundation; isolating a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a foundation; isolating, by at least one processor, a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting, by at least one processor, a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting, by at least one processor, an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall member and the foundation. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall member interfacing surface relative to a foundation edge. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a gap between the wall member interfacing surface and a foundation surface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall member to the foundation. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall member and foundation. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a foundation; isolating a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall member and the foundation. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall member interfacing surface relative to a foundation edge. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a gap between the wall member interfacing surface and a foundation surface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall member to the foundation. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9 further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall member and foundation. 16. The computer program product of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a foundation; isolating a plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a set of members; selecting a group of the set of members which interface with the foundation, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between a wall member and the foundation; detecting an interface type between the foundation and the wall member, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall member and the foundation. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall member interfacing surface relative to a foundation edge. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a gap between the wall member interfacing surface and a foundation surface. | 2,100 |
343,226 | 16,802,634 | 2,148 | In one embodiment, a DC/DC converter includes: a first switching element, a diode connected to the first switching element, an inductor connected to at least one of the first switching element and the diode, and a circuit connected in parallel to the first switching element, the circuit including a second switching element. A current flowing through the circuit when the second switching element is on is smaller than the current flowing through the first switching element when the first switching element is on, and the second switching element is turned on a lead time before the timing at which the first switching element is turned on. | 1. A DC/DC converter comprising:
a first switching element; a diode connected to the first switching element; an inductor connected to at least one of the first switching element and the diode; and a circuit connected in parallel to the first switching element, the circuit including a second switching element; wherein a current flowing through the circuit when the second switching element is on is smaller than the current flowing through the first switching element when the first switching element is on, and the second switching element is turned on a lead time before the timing at which the first switching element is turned on. 2. The DC/DC converter according to claim 1,
wherein the circuit comprises a resistor connected in series with the second switching element. 3. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein an input voltage is applied to one end of the first switching element and one end of the resistor, another end of the first switching element is connected to a cathode of the diode, another end of the resistor is connected to one end of the second switching element, another end of the second switching element is connected to the cathode of the diode, an anode of the diode is connected to ground, and another end of the second switching element and the cathode of the diode are connected to the inductor. 4. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein one end of the first switching element and one end of the second switching element are connected to ground, another end of the first switching element is connected to an anode of the diode, another end of the second switching element is connected to one end of the resistor, and another end of the resistor is connected to the anode of the diode and the inductor. 5. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein the lead time is a same time as a reverse recovery time of the diode, or a time obtained by adding a margin time to the reverse recovery time. 6. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein the first switching element is turned on and off by a first pulse signal, and the second switching element is turned on and off by a second pulse signal. 7. The DC/DC converter according to claim 6, further comprising a delay element,
wherein the first pulse signal is a signal obtained by delaying the second pulse signal by the lead time with the delay element. 8. The DC/DC converter according to claim 6, further comprising an RC delay circuit configured by a resistor and a capacitor,
wherein the first pulse signal is a signal obtained by delaying the second pulse signal by the lead time with the RC delay circuit. 9. The DC/DC converter according to claim 6,
wherein a timing at which the second switching element is turned on by the second pulse signal is set earlier by the lead time than a timing at which the first switching element is turned on by the first pulse signal, and a timing at which the second switching element is turned off by the second pulse signal is set at any time during a period after the first switching element is turned on by the first pulse signal before the first switching element is turned off by the first pulse signal. 10. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a non-insulated type converter. 11. The DC/DC converter according to claim 10,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a boost converter. 12. The DC/DC converter according to claim 10,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a buck converter. 13. The DC/DC converter according to claim 10,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a buck-boost converter. 14. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising the DC/DC converter according to claim 2. | In one embodiment, a DC/DC converter includes: a first switching element, a diode connected to the first switching element, an inductor connected to at least one of the first switching element and the diode, and a circuit connected in parallel to the first switching element, the circuit including a second switching element. A current flowing through the circuit when the second switching element is on is smaller than the current flowing through the first switching element when the first switching element is on, and the second switching element is turned on a lead time before the timing at which the first switching element is turned on.1. A DC/DC converter comprising:
a first switching element; a diode connected to the first switching element; an inductor connected to at least one of the first switching element and the diode; and a circuit connected in parallel to the first switching element, the circuit including a second switching element; wherein a current flowing through the circuit when the second switching element is on is smaller than the current flowing through the first switching element when the first switching element is on, and the second switching element is turned on a lead time before the timing at which the first switching element is turned on. 2. The DC/DC converter according to claim 1,
wherein the circuit comprises a resistor connected in series with the second switching element. 3. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein an input voltage is applied to one end of the first switching element and one end of the resistor, another end of the first switching element is connected to a cathode of the diode, another end of the resistor is connected to one end of the second switching element, another end of the second switching element is connected to the cathode of the diode, an anode of the diode is connected to ground, and another end of the second switching element and the cathode of the diode are connected to the inductor. 4. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein one end of the first switching element and one end of the second switching element are connected to ground, another end of the first switching element is connected to an anode of the diode, another end of the second switching element is connected to one end of the resistor, and another end of the resistor is connected to the anode of the diode and the inductor. 5. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein the lead time is a same time as a reverse recovery time of the diode, or a time obtained by adding a margin time to the reverse recovery time. 6. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein the first switching element is turned on and off by a first pulse signal, and the second switching element is turned on and off by a second pulse signal. 7. The DC/DC converter according to claim 6, further comprising a delay element,
wherein the first pulse signal is a signal obtained by delaying the second pulse signal by the lead time with the delay element. 8. The DC/DC converter according to claim 6, further comprising an RC delay circuit configured by a resistor and a capacitor,
wherein the first pulse signal is a signal obtained by delaying the second pulse signal by the lead time with the RC delay circuit. 9. The DC/DC converter according to claim 6,
wherein a timing at which the second switching element is turned on by the second pulse signal is set earlier by the lead time than a timing at which the first switching element is turned on by the first pulse signal, and a timing at which the second switching element is turned off by the second pulse signal is set at any time during a period after the first switching element is turned on by the first pulse signal before the first switching element is turned off by the first pulse signal. 10. The DC/DC converter according to claim 2,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a non-insulated type converter. 11. The DC/DC converter according to claim 10,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a boost converter. 12. The DC/DC converter according to claim 10,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a buck converter. 13. The DC/DC converter according to claim 10,
wherein the DC/DC converter is configured as a buck-boost converter. 14. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising the DC/DC converter according to claim 2. | 2,100 |
343,227 | 16,802,664 | 2,148 | Liquefier arrangements configured for flexible co-production of both liquid natural gas (LNG) and liquid nitrogen (LIN) are provided. Each liquefier arrangement comprises separate and independent nitrogen recycle circuits or loops, including a warm recycle circuit and a cold recycle circuit with a means for diverting nitrogen refrigerant between the two recycle circuits or loops. The warm recycle circuit includes a booster loaded warm turbine, a warm booster compressor and warm recycle compression whereas the cold recycle circuit includes a booster loaded cold turbine, a cold booster compressor and a separate cold recycle compression. | 1. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a primary recycle circuit having a primary recycle compressor, a primary booster compressor and a booster loaded primary turbine and configured to: (i) compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the primary recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (ii) further compress all or a portion of the effluent stream in the primary booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) expand a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in the booster loaded primary turbine to produce a primary turbine exhaust; (v) warm the primary turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a secondary recycle circuit having a secondary recycle compressor, a secondary booster compressor and a booster loaded secondary turbine and configured to: (i) receive a secondary recycle stream; (ii) compress the secondary recycle stream in the secondary recycle compressor; (iii) further compress the secondary recycle stream in the secondary booster compressor; (iv) cool the further compressed secondary recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed secondary recycle stream in the booster loaded secondary turbine to produce a secondary turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the secondary turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the secondary recycle stream to the secondary recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having one or more valves configured to direct a diverted portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the primary recycle circuit to the secondary recycle circuit; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 2. The liquefaction system of claim 1 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust. 3. The liquefaction system of claim 1 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust. 4. The liquefaction system of claim 3 wherein the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in the third heat exchange passage is extracted from a cold intermediate location of the third heat exchange passage and the cold turbine exhaust is introduced to a cold end of the fourth heat exchange passage. 5. The liquefaction system of claim 4 wherein the extraction of the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in the third heat exchange passage is at a temperature colder than the temperature of the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream adjacent to the warm exhaust stream introduced to the second heat exchange passage. 6. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a nitrogen feed compressor configured to compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream upstream of the primary recycle circuit. 7. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a natural gas feed compressor configured to compress the natural gas feed stream. 8. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a liquid turbine disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger or a throttle valve disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger, the liquid turbine and throttle valve are configured to expand the second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream. 9. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a vent circuit configured to vent or extract a portion of the secondary recycle stream from the secondary recycle circuit. 10. The liquefaction system of claim 1 wherein the primary recycle compressor and the secondary recycle compressor comprise a single multi-stage compressor where some of the stages of the multi-stage compressor are dedicated to the primary recycle compressor and other stages of the multi-stage compressor are dedicated to the secondary recycle compressor. 11. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream in a primary recycle circuit; (ii) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a primary recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (iii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a primary booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iv) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expanding a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in a booster loaded primary turbine to produce a primary turbine exhaust; (vi) warming the primary turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; (vii) receiving a secondary recycle stream in a secondary recycle circuit; (viii) compressing the secondary recycle stream in a secondary recycle compressor; (ix) further compressing the secondary recycle stream in a secondary booster compressor; (x) cooling the further compressed secondary recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xi) expanding the cooled, further compressed secondary recycle stream in a booster loaded secondary turbine to produce a secondary turbine exhaust; (xii) warming the secondary turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xiii) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the secondary recycle stream to the secondary recycle compressor; (xiv) diverting a portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the primary recycle circuit to the secondary recycle circuit; (xv) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (xvi) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (xvii) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust. 14. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream upstream of the primary recycle circuit. 15. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of compressing the natural gas feed stream prior to the step of liquefying the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of expanding the second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a liquid turbine disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger or a throttle valve disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of venting or extracting a portion of the secondary recycle stream from the secondary recycle circuit. 18. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a cold recycle circuit having a cold recycle compressor, a cold booster compressor and a booster loaded cold turbine and configured to: (i) compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the cold recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (ii) further compress all or a portion of the effluent stream in the cold booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) expand a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (v) warm the cold turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a warm recycle circuit having a warm recycle compressor, a warm booster compressor and a booster loaded warm turbine and configured to: (i) receive a warm recycle stream; (ii) compress the warm recycle stream in the warm recycle compressor; (iii) further compress the warm recycle stream in the warm booster compressor; (iv) cool the further compressed warm recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed warm recycle stream in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the warm turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the warm recycle stream to the warm recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having a valve and configured to direct a diverted portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the cold recycle circuit to the warm recycle circuit; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 19. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a warm recycle circuit having a warm recycle compressor, a warm booster compressor and a booster loaded warm turbine and configured to: (i) compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the warm recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (ii) further compress all or a portion of the effluent stream in the warm booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) expand a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (v) warm the warm turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a cold recycle circuit having a cold recycle compressor, a cold booster compressor and a booster loaded cold turbine and configured to: (i) receive a cold recycle stream; (ii) compress the cold recycle stream in the cold recycle compressor; (iii) further compress the cold recycle stream in the cold booster compressor; (iv) cool the further compressed cold recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having a valve and configured to direct a diverted portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the warm recycle circuit to the cold recycle circuit; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 20. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream in a cold recycle circuit; (ii) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (iii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a cold booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iv) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expanding a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in a booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (vi) warming the cold turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; (vii) receiving a warm recycle stream in a warm recycle circuit; (viii) compressing the warm recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor; (ix) further compressing the warm recycle stream in a warm booster compressor; (x) cooling the further compressed warm recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xi) expanding the cooled, further compressed warm recycle stream in a booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (xii) warming the warm turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xiii) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the warm recycle stream to the warm recycle compressor; (xiv) diverting a portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the cold recycle circuit to the warm recycle circuit; (xv) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (xvi) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (xvii) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. 21. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream in a warm recycle circuit; (ii) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (iii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a warm booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iv) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expanding a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in a booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (vi) warming the warm turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; (vii) receiving a cold recycle stream in a cold recycle circuit; (viii) compressing the cold recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor; (ix) further compressing the cold recycle stream in a cold booster compressor; (x) cooling the further compressed cold recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xi) expanding the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in a booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (xii) warming the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xiii) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; (xiv) diverting a portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the warm recycle circuit to the cold recycle circuit; (xv) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (xvi) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (xvii) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. 22. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a warm recycle circuit having a warm recycle compressor, a warm booster compressor and a booster loaded warm turbine and configured to: (i) compress all or part of the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the warm recycle compressor to produce a warm effluent stream; (ii) further compress the warm effluent stream in the warm booster compressor; (iii) direct the warm effluent stream to form either the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream or a warm secondary refrigerant stream; (iv) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger and/or cool the warm secondary refrigerant stream in a seventh heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expand the warm secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the warm turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a cold recycle circuit having a cold recycle compressor, a cold booster compressor and a booster loaded cold turbine and configured to: (i) compress all or part of the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and/or a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the cold recycle compressor to produce a cold effluent stream; (iii) further compress the cold effluent stream in the cold booster compressor; (iv) direct the further compressed cold effluent stream to form either the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream and/or a cold secondary refrigerant stream; (iv) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger and/or cool the cold secondary refrigerant stream in a third heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed cold secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having one or more diversion valves configured to direct a diverted portion of the warm effluent stream from the warm recycle circuit to the cold recycle circuit and/or direct a diverted portion of the cold effluent stream from the cold recycle circuit to the warm recycle circuit; a switching circuit having one or more valves configured to direct the gaseous nitrogen feed stream to the warm recycle circuit or the cold recycle circuit and for directing the streams in the warm recycle circuit or the cold recycle circuit to form the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 23. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas in dual operating modes, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; (b) receiving a natural gas feed stream; (c) in a first operating mode, (i) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor to produce a warm effluent stream; (ii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a warm booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) diverting a portion of the warm effluent stream to form a cold recycle stream; (v) compressing the cold recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor to produce a cold effluent stream; (vi) further compressing the cold effluent stream in the cold booster compressor; (vii) directing the further compressed, cold effluent stream to form a cold secondary refrigerant stream; (viii) cooling the cold secondary refrigerant stream in a third heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (ix) expanding the cooled, further compressed cold secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (x) warming the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (xi) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; (d) in a second operating mode, (i) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor to produce a cold effluent stream; (ii) further compressing the cold effluent stream in a cold booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) diverting a portion of the cold effluent stream to the warm recycle stream; (v) compressing a warm recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor to produce a warm effluent stream; (vi) further compressing the warm effluent stream in the warm booster compressor; (vii) directing the further compressed warm effluent stream to form a warm secondary refrigerant stream; (viii) cooling the warm secondary refrigerant stream in a seventh heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (ix) expanding the cooled, further compressed warm secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (x) warming the warm turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (xi) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the warm recycle stream to the warm recycle compressor; (e) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (f) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (g) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. | Liquefier arrangements configured for flexible co-production of both liquid natural gas (LNG) and liquid nitrogen (LIN) are provided. Each liquefier arrangement comprises separate and independent nitrogen recycle circuits or loops, including a warm recycle circuit and a cold recycle circuit with a means for diverting nitrogen refrigerant between the two recycle circuits or loops. The warm recycle circuit includes a booster loaded warm turbine, a warm booster compressor and warm recycle compression whereas the cold recycle circuit includes a booster loaded cold turbine, a cold booster compressor and a separate cold recycle compression.1. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a primary recycle circuit having a primary recycle compressor, a primary booster compressor and a booster loaded primary turbine and configured to: (i) compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the primary recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (ii) further compress all or a portion of the effluent stream in the primary booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) expand a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in the booster loaded primary turbine to produce a primary turbine exhaust; (v) warm the primary turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a secondary recycle circuit having a secondary recycle compressor, a secondary booster compressor and a booster loaded secondary turbine and configured to: (i) receive a secondary recycle stream; (ii) compress the secondary recycle stream in the secondary recycle compressor; (iii) further compress the secondary recycle stream in the secondary booster compressor; (iv) cool the further compressed secondary recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed secondary recycle stream in the booster loaded secondary turbine to produce a secondary turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the secondary turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the secondary recycle stream to the secondary recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having one or more valves configured to direct a diverted portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the primary recycle circuit to the secondary recycle circuit; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 2. The liquefaction system of claim 1 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust. 3. The liquefaction system of claim 1 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust. 4. The liquefaction system of claim 3 wherein the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in the third heat exchange passage is extracted from a cold intermediate location of the third heat exchange passage and the cold turbine exhaust is introduced to a cold end of the fourth heat exchange passage. 5. The liquefaction system of claim 4 wherein the extraction of the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in the third heat exchange passage is at a temperature colder than the temperature of the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream adjacent to the warm exhaust stream introduced to the second heat exchange passage. 6. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a nitrogen feed compressor configured to compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream upstream of the primary recycle circuit. 7. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a natural gas feed compressor configured to compress the natural gas feed stream. 8. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a liquid turbine disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger or a throttle valve disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger, the liquid turbine and throttle valve are configured to expand the second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream. 9. The liquefaction system of claim 1 further comprising a vent circuit configured to vent or extract a portion of the secondary recycle stream from the secondary recycle circuit. 10. The liquefaction system of claim 1 wherein the primary recycle compressor and the secondary recycle compressor comprise a single multi-stage compressor where some of the stages of the multi-stage compressor are dedicated to the primary recycle compressor and other stages of the multi-stage compressor are dedicated to the secondary recycle compressor. 11. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream in a primary recycle circuit; (ii) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a primary recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (iii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a primary booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iv) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expanding a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in a booster loaded primary turbine to produce a primary turbine exhaust; (vi) warming the primary turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; (vii) receiving a secondary recycle stream in a secondary recycle circuit; (viii) compressing the secondary recycle stream in a secondary recycle compressor; (ix) further compressing the secondary recycle stream in a secondary booster compressor; (x) cooling the further compressed secondary recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xi) expanding the cooled, further compressed secondary recycle stream in a booster loaded secondary turbine to produce a secondary turbine exhaust; (xii) warming the secondary turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xiii) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the secondary recycle stream to the secondary recycle compressor; (xiv) diverting a portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the primary recycle circuit to the secondary recycle circuit; (xv) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (xvi) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (xvii) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the primary recycle circuit is a warm recycle circuit; the primary recycle compressor is a warm recycle compressor; the primary booster compressor is a warm booster compressor; the booster loaded primary turbine is a booster loaded warm turbine; the primary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; the primary intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage is a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage; the primary turbine exhaust is a warm turbine exhaust; the secondary recycle circuit is a cold recycle circuit; the secondary recycle compressor is a cold recycle compressor; the secondary booster compressor is a cold booster compressor; the booster loaded secondary turbine is a booster loaded cold turbine; the secondary gaseous nitrogen recycle stream is a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; and the secondary turbine exhaust is a cold turbine exhaust. 14. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream upstream of the primary recycle circuit. 15. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of compressing the natural gas feed stream prior to the step of liquefying the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of expanding the second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a liquid turbine disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger or a throttle valve disposed downstream of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of venting or extracting a portion of the secondary recycle stream from the secondary recycle circuit. 18. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a cold recycle circuit having a cold recycle compressor, a cold booster compressor and a booster loaded cold turbine and configured to: (i) compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the cold recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (ii) further compress all or a portion of the effluent stream in the cold booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) expand a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (v) warm the cold turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a warm recycle circuit having a warm recycle compressor, a warm booster compressor and a booster loaded warm turbine and configured to: (i) receive a warm recycle stream; (ii) compress the warm recycle stream in the warm recycle compressor; (iii) further compress the warm recycle stream in the warm booster compressor; (iv) cool the further compressed warm recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed warm recycle stream in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the warm turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the warm recycle stream to the warm recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having a valve and configured to direct a diverted portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the cold recycle circuit to the warm recycle circuit; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 19. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a warm recycle circuit having a warm recycle compressor, a warm booster compressor and a booster loaded warm turbine and configured to: (i) compress the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the warm recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (ii) further compress all or a portion of the effluent stream in the warm booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) expand a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (v) warm the warm turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a cold recycle circuit having a cold recycle compressor, a cold booster compressor and a booster loaded cold turbine and configured to: (i) receive a cold recycle stream; (ii) compress the cold recycle stream in the cold recycle compressor; (iii) further compress the cold recycle stream in the cold booster compressor; (iv) cool the further compressed cold recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having a valve and configured to direct a diverted portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the warm recycle circuit to the cold recycle circuit; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 20. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream in a cold recycle circuit; (ii) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (iii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a cold booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iv) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expanding a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a cold intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in a booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (vi) warming the cold turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; (vii) receiving a warm recycle stream in a warm recycle circuit; (viii) compressing the warm recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor; (ix) further compressing the warm recycle stream in a warm booster compressor; (x) cooling the further compressed warm recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xi) expanding the cooled, further compressed warm recycle stream in a booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (xii) warming the warm turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xiii) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the warm recycle stream to the warm recycle compressor; (xiv) diverting a portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the cold recycle circuit to the warm recycle circuit; (xv) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (xvi) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (xvii) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. 21. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream in a warm recycle circuit; (ii) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor to produce a gaseous nitrogen effluent stream; (iii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a warm booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iv) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expanding a first portion of the cooled primary nitrogen liquefaction stream extracted at a warm intermediate location of the first heat exchange passage in a booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (vi) warming the warm turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; (vii) receiving a cold recycle stream in a cold recycle circuit; (viii) compressing the cold recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor; (ix) further compressing the cold recycle stream in a cold booster compressor; (x) cooling the further compressed cold recycle stream in a third heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xi) expanding the cooled, further compressed cold recycle stream in a booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (xii) warming the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (xiii) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; (xiv) diverting a portion of the gaseous nitrogen effluent stream from the warm recycle circuit to the cold recycle circuit; (xv) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (xvi) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (xvii) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. 22. A liquefaction system configured to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas, the liquefaction system comprising:
a natural gas feed stream; a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; a warm recycle circuit having a warm recycle compressor, a warm booster compressor and a booster loaded warm turbine and configured to: (i) compress all or part of the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the warm recycle compressor to produce a warm effluent stream; (ii) further compress the warm effluent stream in the warm booster compressor; (iii) direct the warm effluent stream to form either the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream or a warm secondary refrigerant stream; (iv) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger and/or cool the warm secondary refrigerant stream in a seventh heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (v) expand the warm secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the warm turbine exhaust in a second heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream; a cold recycle circuit having a cold recycle compressor, a cold booster compressor and a booster loaded cold turbine and configured to: (i) compress all or part of the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and/or a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in the cold recycle compressor to produce a cold effluent stream; (iii) further compress the cold effluent stream in the cold booster compressor; (iv) direct the further compressed cold effluent stream to form either the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream and/or a cold secondary refrigerant stream; (iv) cool the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger and/or cool the cold secondary refrigerant stream in a third heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (v) expand the cooled, further compressed cold secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (vi) warm the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (vii) recycle the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; a diversion circuit having one or more diversion valves configured to direct a diverted portion of the warm effluent stream from the warm recycle circuit to the cold recycle circuit and/or direct a diverted portion of the cold effluent stream from the cold recycle circuit to the warm recycle circuit; a switching circuit having one or more valves configured to direct the gaseous nitrogen feed stream to the warm recycle circuit or the cold recycle circuit and for directing the streams in the warm recycle circuit or the cold recycle circuit to form the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; and a subcooler configured to subcool a second portion of the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce a subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger further having a fifth heat exchange passage and a sixth heat exchange passage and configured to liquefy the natural gas feed stream in the sixth heat exchange passage against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in the fifth heat exchange passage; wherein the liquid nitrogen product stream is a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream and the liquid natural gas stream is the liquefied natural gas exiting a cold end of the sixth heat exchange passage. 23. A method for liquefaction to co-produce liquid nitrogen and liquid natural gas in dual operating modes, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving a gaseous nitrogen feed stream; (b) receiving a natural gas feed stream; (c) in a first operating mode, (i) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a warm gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor to produce a warm effluent stream; (ii) further compressing all or a portion of the effluent stream in a warm booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) diverting a portion of the warm effluent stream to form a cold recycle stream; (v) compressing the cold recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor to produce a cold effluent stream; (vi) further compressing the cold effluent stream in the cold booster compressor; (vii) directing the further compressed, cold effluent stream to form a cold secondary refrigerant stream; (viii) cooling the cold secondary refrigerant stream in a third heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (ix) expanding the cooled, further compressed cold secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded cold turbine to produce a cold turbine exhaust; (x) warming the cold turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (xi) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the cold recycle stream to the cold recycle compressor; (d) in a second operating mode, (i) compressing the gaseous nitrogen feed stream and a cold gaseous nitrogen recycle stream in a cold recycle compressor to produce a cold effluent stream; (ii) further compressing the cold effluent stream in a cold booster compressor to form a primary nitrogen liquefaction stream; (iii) cooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream in a first heat exchange passage in a multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (iv) diverting a portion of the cold effluent stream to the warm recycle stream; (v) compressing a warm recycle stream in a warm recycle compressor to produce a warm effluent stream; (vi) further compressing the warm effluent stream in the warm booster compressor; (vii) directing the further compressed warm effluent stream to form a warm secondary refrigerant stream; (viii) cooling the warm secondary refrigerant stream in a seventh heat exchange passage in the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; (ix) expanding the cooled, further compressed warm secondary refrigerant stream in the booster loaded warm turbine to produce a warm turbine exhaust; (x) warming the warm turbine exhaust in a fourth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger; and (xi) recycling the resulting warmed stream as the warm recycle stream to the warm recycle compressor; (e) subcooling the primary nitrogen liquefaction stream to produce the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream; (f) liquefying a natural gas feed stream in a sixth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger against a first portion of the at least partially vaporized subcooled liquid nitrogen stream in a fifth heat exchange passage of the multi-pass brazed aluminum heat exchanger to produce the liquid natural gas; and (g) taking a second portion of the subcooled liquid nitrogen stream as the liquid nitrogen. | 2,100 |
343,228 | 16,802,632 | 2,148 | Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. | 1. A ceramic slurry, comprising:
ceramic particles; a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 2. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate, a thiol, an epoxy, an oxetane, and/or a vinyl ether. 3. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component each homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks when cured. 4. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component comprises more than two functional groups that polymerize when cured. 5. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a methyl phenyl silicone resin and/or one or more silicon hydride groups. 6. The ceramic slurry of claim 5, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate. 7. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include a silane group, a silanol group, a methyl group, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, and/or a polyether group. 8. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises:
at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include M units (Me3SiO), D units (Me2SiO2), T units (MeSiO3), and/or Q units (SiO4); and/or at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include modified M units (RMe2SiO or R1R2MeSiO), modified D units (RMeSiO2 or R1R2SiO2), and/or modified T units (RSiO3). 9. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a DT siloxane, an MQ siloxane, an MDQ siloxane, an MTQ siloxane, and/or a QDT siloxane. 10. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein:
the weight ratio of the photoreactive organic resin component to the sum of the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and/or the weight ratio of the photoreactive siloxane component to the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles that have a multimodal particle morphology and/or a multimodal size distribution. 12. A photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component; a photoreactive siloxane component; and one or more photostable siloxane components. 13. A method of forming a ceramic part, the method comprising:
curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part; and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part; wherein the ceramic slurry comprises:
ceramic particles;
a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component independently cure and homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components are miscible or soluble with the photoreactive organic resin component, and wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component exclusively copolymerize. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising depositing a layer of the slurry onto a surface using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, wherein curing comprises selectively exposing the portion of the layer of the slurry to light using the 3D printer. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises heating the green ceramic part to a temperature from about 500° C. to about 1200° C.; and
wherein during partial firing, at least 20 wt. % of the photoreactive siloxane component and/or of the one or more photostable siloxane components are converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises greater than about 70% of the siloxane units of the photoreactive siloxane component being converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 19. The method of claim 13, comprising:
sintering the brown ceramic part at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering comprising heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein an average total shrinkage from partial firing and sintering of the ceramic part is less than about 4%. | Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles.1. A ceramic slurry, comprising:
ceramic particles; a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 2. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate, a thiol, an epoxy, an oxetane, and/or a vinyl ether. 3. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component each homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks when cured. 4. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component comprises more than two functional groups that polymerize when cured. 5. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a methyl phenyl silicone resin and/or one or more silicon hydride groups. 6. The ceramic slurry of claim 5, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate. 7. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include a silane group, a silanol group, a methyl group, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, and/or a polyether group. 8. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises:
at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include M units (Me3SiO), D units (Me2SiO2), T units (MeSiO3), and/or Q units (SiO4); and/or at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include modified M units (RMe2SiO or R1R2MeSiO), modified D units (RMeSiO2 or R1R2SiO2), and/or modified T units (RSiO3). 9. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a DT siloxane, an MQ siloxane, an MDQ siloxane, an MTQ siloxane, and/or a QDT siloxane. 10. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein:
the weight ratio of the photoreactive organic resin component to the sum of the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and/or the weight ratio of the photoreactive siloxane component to the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles that have a multimodal particle morphology and/or a multimodal size distribution. 12. A photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component; a photoreactive siloxane component; and one or more photostable siloxane components. 13. A method of forming a ceramic part, the method comprising:
curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part; and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part; wherein the ceramic slurry comprises:
ceramic particles;
a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component independently cure and homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components are miscible or soluble with the photoreactive organic resin component, and wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component exclusively copolymerize. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising depositing a layer of the slurry onto a surface using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, wherein curing comprises selectively exposing the portion of the layer of the slurry to light using the 3D printer. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises heating the green ceramic part to a temperature from about 500° C. to about 1200° C.; and
wherein during partial firing, at least 20 wt. % of the photoreactive siloxane component and/or of the one or more photostable siloxane components are converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises greater than about 70% of the siloxane units of the photoreactive siloxane component being converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 19. The method of claim 13, comprising:
sintering the brown ceramic part at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering comprising heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein an average total shrinkage from partial firing and sintering of the ceramic part is less than about 4%. | 2,100 |
343,229 | 16,802,638 | 2,148 | Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. | 1. A ceramic slurry, comprising:
ceramic particles; a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 2. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate, a thiol, an epoxy, an oxetane, and/or a vinyl ether. 3. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component each homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks when cured. 4. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component comprises more than two functional groups that polymerize when cured. 5. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a methyl phenyl silicone resin and/or one or more silicon hydride groups. 6. The ceramic slurry of claim 5, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate. 7. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include a silane group, a silanol group, a methyl group, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, and/or a polyether group. 8. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises:
at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include M units (Me3SiO), D units (Me2SiO2), T units (MeSiO3), and/or Q units (SiO4); and/or at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include modified M units (RMe2SiO or R1R2MeSiO), modified D units (RMeSiO2 or R1R2SiO2), and/or modified T units (RSiO3). 9. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a DT siloxane, an MQ siloxane, an MDQ siloxane, an MTQ siloxane, and/or a QDT siloxane. 10. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein:
the weight ratio of the photoreactive organic resin component to the sum of the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and/or the weight ratio of the photoreactive siloxane component to the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles that have a multimodal particle morphology and/or a multimodal size distribution. 12. A photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component; a photoreactive siloxane component; and one or more photostable siloxane components. 13. A method of forming a ceramic part, the method comprising:
curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part; and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part; wherein the ceramic slurry comprises:
ceramic particles;
a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component independently cure and homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components are miscible or soluble with the photoreactive organic resin component, and wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component exclusively copolymerize. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising depositing a layer of the slurry onto a surface using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, wherein curing comprises selectively exposing the portion of the layer of the slurry to light using the 3D printer. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises heating the green ceramic part to a temperature from about 500° C. to about 1200° C.; and
wherein during partial firing, at least 20 wt. % of the photoreactive siloxane component and/or of the one or more photostable siloxane components are converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises greater than about 70% of the siloxane units of the photoreactive siloxane component being converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 19. The method of claim 13, comprising:
sintering the brown ceramic part at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering comprising heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein an average total shrinkage from partial firing and sintering of the ceramic part is less than about 4%. | Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles.1. A ceramic slurry, comprising:
ceramic particles; a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 2. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate, a thiol, an epoxy, an oxetane, and/or a vinyl ether. 3. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component each homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks when cured. 4. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component comprises more than two functional groups that polymerize when cured. 5. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a methyl phenyl silicone resin and/or one or more silicon hydride groups. 6. The ceramic slurry of claim 5, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate. 7. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include a silane group, a silanol group, a methyl group, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, and/or a polyether group. 8. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises:
at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include M units (Me3SiO), D units (Me2SiO2), T units (MeSiO3), and/or Q units (SiO4); and/or at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include modified M units (RMe2SiO or R1R2MeSiO), modified D units (RMeSiO2 or R1R2SiO2), and/or modified T units (RSiO3). 9. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a DT siloxane, an MQ siloxane, an MDQ siloxane, an MTQ siloxane, and/or a QDT siloxane. 10. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein:
the weight ratio of the photoreactive organic resin component to the sum of the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and/or the weight ratio of the photoreactive siloxane component to the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles that have a multimodal particle morphology and/or a multimodal size distribution. 12. A photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component; a photoreactive siloxane component; and one or more photostable siloxane components. 13. A method of forming a ceramic part, the method comprising:
curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part; and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part; wherein the ceramic slurry comprises:
ceramic particles;
a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component independently cure and homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components are miscible or soluble with the photoreactive organic resin component, and wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component exclusively copolymerize. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising depositing a layer of the slurry onto a surface using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, wherein curing comprises selectively exposing the portion of the layer of the slurry to light using the 3D printer. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises heating the green ceramic part to a temperature from about 500° C. to about 1200° C.; and
wherein during partial firing, at least 20 wt. % of the photoreactive siloxane component and/or of the one or more photostable siloxane components are converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises greater than about 70% of the siloxane units of the photoreactive siloxane component being converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 19. The method of claim 13, comprising:
sintering the brown ceramic part at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering comprising heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein an average total shrinkage from partial firing and sintering of the ceramic part is less than about 4%. | 2,100 |
343,230 | 16,802,613 | 2,148 | A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of materials science. The nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite is composed of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders, matrix powders and diamond grains, wherein the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders are the composites of nanometer niobium carbide which are evenly distributed in the surface defects and interior of the carbon nanotube, the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite is prepared by mixing the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders, matrix powders and diamond grains uniformly and sintering with a hot pressing technique. | 1. A method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite, comprising the following step:
(1) preparing nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders; by, weighing nanometer niobium carbide and carbon nanotube at a mass ratio of (5˜10):1, which are added into distilled water respectively and ultrasonic dispersed for 0.5 h˜1 h, giving an aqueous dispersion of nanometer niobium carbide and an aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotube; thereafter, magnetically stirring the aqueous dispersion of nanometer niobium carbide and slowly adding the aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotube dropwise, and drying in vacuum after 30 min to obtain the composite powders, adding the composite powders into a hard alloy ball-milling tank, into which are additionally added hard alloy grinding balls, wherein the ratio of grinding balls to materials is 40:1, the ball-milling rate is 400 r/min, the time for ball-milling is 3 h˜6 h, and dried in vacuum to obtain nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders; (2) preparing of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders; by, weighing the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders obtained in step (1) and the matrix powders at weight percentages of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders of 0.5 wt %˜3 wt % and matrix powders of 97 wt%˜99.5 wt %, on which is then conducted the planetary ball milling, wherein the ratio of grinding balls to materials is 6:1, the ball-milling rate is 320 r/min, the time for ball-milling is 3 h˜6 h, and dried in vacuum to obtain nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders; (3) weighing the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders obtained in step (2) and diamond grains at volume percentages of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders of 70 vol %˜80 vol % and diamond grains of 20 vol %˜30 vol %, and then placed into a three-dimensional mixing machine to mix for 1 h˜3 h, giving mixed powders; (4) charging into graphite moulds the mixed powders obtained in step (3), and sintering in a hot pressing sintering furnace, giving nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composites. 2. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the particle size of nanometer niobium carbide is 10 nm˜30 nm, the length of carbon nanotube is 10 um˜30 um, and the outer diameter is 20 nm˜70 nm. 3. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the matrix powder in step (2) is composed of WC tungsten carbide powders at a mass fraction of 40%, 35% of 663 bronze powders, 15% of YG6 hard alloy powders, 5% of Ni nickel powders and 5% of Mn manganese powders. 4. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 3, wherein the matrix powders are prepared as below: WC tungsten carbide powder at a mass fraction of 40%, 35% of 663 bronze powders, 15% of YG6 hard alloy powders, 5% of Ni nickel powders and 5% of Mn manganese powders are added into a hard alloy ball-milling tank, at the same time adding hard alloy grinding balls, wherein the ratio of grinding balls to materials is 6:1, the ball-milling rate is 320 r/min, the time for ball-milling is 1 h˜2 h, and then dried in vacuum to obtain the matrix powder. 5. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 3, wherein the particle size of WC tungsten carbide powder is −200 meshes, the particle size of 663 bronze powder is −200 meshes, the particle size of YG6 hard alloy powder is −300 meshes, the particle size of Ni nickel powder is −200 meshes, and the particle size of Mn manganese powder is −200 meshes. 6. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the diamond grains are artificial diamond monocrystals which are 40 meshes˜100 meshes in size. 7. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the ball-milling medium used during the ball-milling of step (1) is absolute ethanol. 8. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the sintering process in step (4) is as below: within 300 s, the temperature of mixed powders is increased to 980° C., the pressure is increased from 0 MPa to 18 MPa, keeping the sintering temperature at 980° C. and the pressure at 18 MPa, with a holding time of 300 s; and then within 300 s, the temperature is reduced to 450° C., the pressure is reduced to 6 Mpa; finally withdrawing the pressure and cooling naturally to room temperature. 9. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of method of claim 1. 10. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 2. 11. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 3. 12. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 4. 13. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 5. 14. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 6. 15. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 7. 16. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 8. | A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of materials science. The nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite is composed of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders, matrix powders and diamond grains, wherein the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders are the composites of nanometer niobium carbide which are evenly distributed in the surface defects and interior of the carbon nanotube, the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite is prepared by mixing the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders, matrix powders and diamond grains uniformly and sintering with a hot pressing technique.1. A method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite, comprising the following step:
(1) preparing nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders; by, weighing nanometer niobium carbide and carbon nanotube at a mass ratio of (5˜10):1, which are added into distilled water respectively and ultrasonic dispersed for 0.5 h˜1 h, giving an aqueous dispersion of nanometer niobium carbide and an aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotube; thereafter, magnetically stirring the aqueous dispersion of nanometer niobium carbide and slowly adding the aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotube dropwise, and drying in vacuum after 30 min to obtain the composite powders, adding the composite powders into a hard alloy ball-milling tank, into which are additionally added hard alloy grinding balls, wherein the ratio of grinding balls to materials is 40:1, the ball-milling rate is 400 r/min, the time for ball-milling is 3 h˜6 h, and dried in vacuum to obtain nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders; (2) preparing of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders; by, weighing the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders obtained in step (1) and the matrix powders at weight percentages of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube composite powders of 0.5 wt %˜3 wt % and matrix powders of 97 wt%˜99.5 wt %, on which is then conducted the planetary ball milling, wherein the ratio of grinding balls to materials is 6:1, the ball-milling rate is 320 r/min, the time for ball-milling is 3 h˜6 h, and dried in vacuum to obtain nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders; (3) weighing the nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders obtained in step (2) and diamond grains at volume percentages of nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube/matrix composite powders of 70 vol %˜80 vol % and diamond grains of 20 vol %˜30 vol %, and then placed into a three-dimensional mixing machine to mix for 1 h˜3 h, giving mixed powders; (4) charging into graphite moulds the mixed powders obtained in step (3), and sintering in a hot pressing sintering furnace, giving nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composites. 2. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the particle size of nanometer niobium carbide is 10 nm˜30 nm, the length of carbon nanotube is 10 um˜30 um, and the outer diameter is 20 nm˜70 nm. 3. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the matrix powder in step (2) is composed of WC tungsten carbide powders at a mass fraction of 40%, 35% of 663 bronze powders, 15% of YG6 hard alloy powders, 5% of Ni nickel powders and 5% of Mn manganese powders. 4. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 3, wherein the matrix powders are prepared as below: WC tungsten carbide powder at a mass fraction of 40%, 35% of 663 bronze powders, 15% of YG6 hard alloy powders, 5% of Ni nickel powders and 5% of Mn manganese powders are added into a hard alloy ball-milling tank, at the same time adding hard alloy grinding balls, wherein the ratio of grinding balls to materials is 6:1, the ball-milling rate is 320 r/min, the time for ball-milling is 1 h˜2 h, and then dried in vacuum to obtain the matrix powder. 5. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 3, wherein the particle size of WC tungsten carbide powder is −200 meshes, the particle size of 663 bronze powder is −200 meshes, the particle size of YG6 hard alloy powder is −300 meshes, the particle size of Ni nickel powder is −200 meshes, and the particle size of Mn manganese powder is −200 meshes. 6. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the diamond grains are artificial diamond monocrystals which are 40 meshes˜100 meshes in size. 7. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the ball-milling medium used during the ball-milling of step (1) is absolute ethanol. 8. The method for preparing a nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite of claim 1, wherein the sintering process in step (4) is as below: within 300 s, the temperature of mixed powders is increased to 980° C., the pressure is increased from 0 MPa to 18 MPa, keeping the sintering temperature at 980° C. and the pressure at 18 MPa, with a holding time of 300 s; and then within 300 s, the temperature is reduced to 450° C., the pressure is reduced to 6 Mpa; finally withdrawing the pressure and cooling naturally to room temperature. 9. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of method of claim 1. 10. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 2. 11. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 3. 12. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 4. 13. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 5. 14. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 6. 15. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 7. 16. A nanometer niobium carbide/carbon nanotube reinforced diamond composite prepared with the method of claim 8. | 2,100 |
343,231 | 16,802,609 | 2,148 | An ink jet printing method includes an application step of ejecting a coloring ink composition functioning to color a printing medium through an ejection opening of a first ink jet head to apply the coloring ink composition onto a printing medium, and an application step of ejecting a non-coloring composition different from the coloring ink composition through an ejection opening of a second ink jet head to apply the non-coloring composition onto the printing medium. The coloring ink composition is circulated through a circulation path connected to the first ink jet head after being fed into the first ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening of the first ink jet head. The non-coloring composition is not circulated through a circulation path after being fed into the second ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening of the second ink jet head. | 1. An ink jet printing method comprising:
a first application step of ejecting a coloring ink composition through an ejection opening of a first ink jet head to apply the coloring ink composition onto a printing medium, the coloring ink composition being circulated through a circulation path after being fed into the first ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening; and a second application step of ejecting a non-coloring composition through an ejection opening of a second ink jet head to apply the non-coloring composition onto the printing medium, the non-coloring composition being not circulated through a circulation path after being fed into the second ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening. 2. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains a coloring material, and the non-coloring composition is a clear ink composition containing one material of resin particles and a wax or a treatment liquid containing a flocculant functioning to flocculate one or more components of the coloring ink composition. 3. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition is any one of (1) to (3): (1) a non-coloring composition containing one material of resin particles and a wax, in which the total content by mass of resin particles and waxes is higher than the total content by mass of resin particles and waxes in the coloring ink composition; (2) a non-coloring composition containing one of a surfactant and an antifoaming agent, in which the total content by mass of surfactants and antifoaming agents is higher than the total content by mass of surfactants and antifoaming agents in the coloring ink composition; and (3) a non-coloring composition being a treatment liquid and containing a flocculant functioning to flocculate one or more components of the coloring ink composition, and resin particles or a wax. 4. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a flushing step of discharging the non-coloring composition for maintenance through the ejection opening of the second ink jet head. 5. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a composition heating step of heating the coloring ink composition with a composition heating mechanism before ejecting the coloring ink composition through the ejection opening of the first ink jet head, wherein the non-coloring ink is not heated before being ejected through the ejection opening of the second ink jet head. 6. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the first ink jet head has a length larger than or equal to the width of the printing medium, and the first application step is performed by line printing that enables printing across the width of the printing medium with one scanning operation. 7. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition contains water in a proportion of 55% or more relative to the total mass of the non-coloring composition. 8. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition contains one material of resin particles and a wax, and the total content of resin particles and waxes in the non-coloring composition is 6.5% or more relative to the total mass of the non-coloring composition. 9. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition contains one of a surfactant and an antifoaming agent, and the total content of surfactants and antifoaming agents in the non-coloring composition is 1.5% or more relative to the total mass of the non-coloring composition. 10. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition is a treatment liquid containing a flocculant functioning to flocculate one or more components of the coloring ink composition, and resin particles or a wax. 11. An ink jet printing apparatus comprising:
a first ink jet head to which a coloring ink composition is fed, the first ink jet head having a circulation path through which the coloring ink composition circulates; and a second ink jet head to which a non-coloring composition is fed, the second ink jet head having no circulation path through which the non-coloring composition circulates. | An ink jet printing method includes an application step of ejecting a coloring ink composition functioning to color a printing medium through an ejection opening of a first ink jet head to apply the coloring ink composition onto a printing medium, and an application step of ejecting a non-coloring composition different from the coloring ink composition through an ejection opening of a second ink jet head to apply the non-coloring composition onto the printing medium. The coloring ink composition is circulated through a circulation path connected to the first ink jet head after being fed into the first ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening of the first ink jet head. The non-coloring composition is not circulated through a circulation path after being fed into the second ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening of the second ink jet head.1. An ink jet printing method comprising:
a first application step of ejecting a coloring ink composition through an ejection opening of a first ink jet head to apply the coloring ink composition onto a printing medium, the coloring ink composition being circulated through a circulation path after being fed into the first ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening; and a second application step of ejecting a non-coloring composition through an ejection opening of a second ink jet head to apply the non-coloring composition onto the printing medium, the non-coloring composition being not circulated through a circulation path after being fed into the second ink jet head and before being ejected through the ejection opening. 2. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the coloring ink composition contains a coloring material, and the non-coloring composition is a clear ink composition containing one material of resin particles and a wax or a treatment liquid containing a flocculant functioning to flocculate one or more components of the coloring ink composition. 3. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition is any one of (1) to (3): (1) a non-coloring composition containing one material of resin particles and a wax, in which the total content by mass of resin particles and waxes is higher than the total content by mass of resin particles and waxes in the coloring ink composition; (2) a non-coloring composition containing one of a surfactant and an antifoaming agent, in which the total content by mass of surfactants and antifoaming agents is higher than the total content by mass of surfactants and antifoaming agents in the coloring ink composition; and (3) a non-coloring composition being a treatment liquid and containing a flocculant functioning to flocculate one or more components of the coloring ink composition, and resin particles or a wax. 4. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a flushing step of discharging the non-coloring composition for maintenance through the ejection opening of the second ink jet head. 5. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a composition heating step of heating the coloring ink composition with a composition heating mechanism before ejecting the coloring ink composition through the ejection opening of the first ink jet head, wherein the non-coloring ink is not heated before being ejected through the ejection opening of the second ink jet head. 6. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the first ink jet head has a length larger than or equal to the width of the printing medium, and the first application step is performed by line printing that enables printing across the width of the printing medium with one scanning operation. 7. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition contains water in a proportion of 55% or more relative to the total mass of the non-coloring composition. 8. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition contains one material of resin particles and a wax, and the total content of resin particles and waxes in the non-coloring composition is 6.5% or more relative to the total mass of the non-coloring composition. 9. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition contains one of a surfactant and an antifoaming agent, and the total content of surfactants and antifoaming agents in the non-coloring composition is 1.5% or more relative to the total mass of the non-coloring composition. 10. The ink jet printing method according to claim 1, wherein
the non-coloring composition is a treatment liquid containing a flocculant functioning to flocculate one or more components of the coloring ink composition, and resin particles or a wax. 11. An ink jet printing apparatus comprising:
a first ink jet head to which a coloring ink composition is fed, the first ink jet head having a circulation path through which the coloring ink composition circulates; and a second ink jet head to which a non-coloring composition is fed, the second ink jet head having no circulation path through which the non-coloring composition circulates. | 2,100 |
343,232 | 16,802,637 | 2,148 | Apparatus having an array of memory cells and a differential storage array might have a controller configured to program first data to a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address of the array of memory cells, program second data to the plurality of memory cells containing the first data, determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second data, and, if a power loss is indicated, program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the first data, program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the address, and program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells; a differential storage array; and a controller for access of the array of memory cells and for access of the differential storage array; wherein the controller is configured to:
program first data to a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address of the array of memory cells;
program second data to the plurality of memory cells containing the first data;
determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second data to the plurality of memory cells; and
if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated:
program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the first data;
program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the address;
program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to read the first data from the plurality of memory cells to obtain the information indicative of the plurality of digits of the first data. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices is configured to store a respective digit of the plurality of digits of the first data. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices is configured to store a respective digit of the plurality of digits of the address. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller being configured to program the first data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to program a respective digit of the plurality of digits of the first data to each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller being configured to program the first data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to program a respective subset of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data to each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the respective subset of digits of a particular memory cell of the plurality of memory cells comprises a particular number of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data, and wherein the respective subsets of digits of each remaining memory cell of the plurality of memory cells each comprise the particular number of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the particular number is greater than or equal to two. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller being configured to program the second data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to program a respective subset of digits of a plurality of digits of the second data to each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller being configured to program the first data and the second data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to cause each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells to have a respective threshold voltage corresponding to a respective data state that corresponds to its respective subset of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data and its respective subset of digits of the plurality of digits of the second data. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells; a differential storage array; and a controller for access of the array of memory cells and for access of the differential storage array; wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain information indicative of respective data values stored in a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address of the array of memory cells;
program additional data to the plurality of memory cells;
determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the additional data to the plurality of memory cells; and
if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated:
program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the information indicative of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells;
program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the address; and
program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
wherein the controller being configured to program a differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices comprises the controller being configured to:
selectively program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device responsive to information indicative of a respective digit of the respective data value stored in a corresponding memory cell of the plurality of memory cells;
wherein a resulting combination of threshold voltages of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device and of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device is representative of the information indicative of the digit of the respective data value stored in the corresponding memory cell of the plurality of memory cells;
wherein the controller being configured to program a differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices comprises the controller being configured to:
selectively program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device responsive to information indicative of a corresponding digit of the address;
wherein a resulting combination of threshold voltages of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device and of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device is representative of the information indicative of the corresponding digit of the address; and
wherein the controller being configured to program the third differential storage device comprises the controller being configured to:
program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the third differential storage device;
wherein a resulting combination of threshold voltages of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the third differential storage device and of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the third differential storage device is representative of the particular value. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller, if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated, is further configured to program a fourth plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of respective data values of the additional data for the plurality of memory cells. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller being configured to program a particular differential storage device comprises the controller being configured to program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the particular differential storage device, wherein the particular differential storage device is selected from a group consisting of a differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices, a differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices, and the third differential storage device, and wherein the controller being configured to program the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells comprises the controller being configured to:
apply a first voltage level to a first source/drain of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells and to a first source/drain of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells; apply a second voltage level higher than the first voltage level to a gate of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells and to a gate of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells; apply a third voltage level, higher than the first voltage level and lower than the second voltage level, to a second source/drain of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells; and apply the first voltage level to a second source/drain of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a combination of the first voltage level, the second voltage level and the third voltage level is selected to cause charge to accumulate in a data-storage structure of the one memory cell during programming of the one memory cell. 16. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells; a differential storage array; and a controller for access of the array of memory cells and for access of the differential storage array; wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain information indicative of respective data values stored in a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address, each respective data value comprising more than one digit of data;
program additional data to the plurality of memory cells;
determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the additional data to the plurality of memory cells; and
if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated:
program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the information indicative of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells such that a first subset of the first plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a particular digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells and a different subset of the first plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a different digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells;
program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the address; and
program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the plurality of memory cells is a first plurality of memory cells, the address is a first address, and the additional data is first additional data, and wherein the controller is further configured to:
obtain information indicative of respective data values stored in a second plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to a second address, each respective data value of the second plurality of memory cells comprising more than one digit of data; program second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells; determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells; and if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells:
program a fourth plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the information indicative of the respective data values stored in the second plurality of memory cells such that a first subset of the fourth plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a particular digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the second plurality of memory cells and a different subset of the fourth plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a different digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the second plurality of memory cells;
program a fifth plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the second address; and
programming a sixth differential storage device of the differential storage array to have the particular value. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to concurrently program the first additional data to the first plurality of memory cells and the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller determining that a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the first additional data to the first plurality of memory cells further determines that a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller being configured to program a particular differential storage device comprises the controller being configured to program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the particular differential storage device, wherein the particular differential storage device is selected from a group consisting of a differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices, a differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices, and the third differential storage device. | Apparatus having an array of memory cells and a differential storage array might have a controller configured to program first data to a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address of the array of memory cells, program second data to the plurality of memory cells containing the first data, determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second data, and, if a power loss is indicated, program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the first data, program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the address, and program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value.1. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells; a differential storage array; and a controller for access of the array of memory cells and for access of the differential storage array; wherein the controller is configured to:
program first data to a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address of the array of memory cells;
program second data to the plurality of memory cells containing the first data;
determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second data to the plurality of memory cells; and
if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated:
program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the first data;
program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of a plurality of digits of the address;
program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to read the first data from the plurality of memory cells to obtain the information indicative of the plurality of digits of the first data. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices is configured to store a respective digit of the plurality of digits of the first data. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices is configured to store a respective digit of the plurality of digits of the address. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller being configured to program the first data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to program a respective digit of the plurality of digits of the first data to each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller being configured to program the first data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to program a respective subset of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data to each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the respective subset of digits of a particular memory cell of the plurality of memory cells comprises a particular number of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data, and wherein the respective subsets of digits of each remaining memory cell of the plurality of memory cells each comprise the particular number of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the particular number is greater than or equal to two. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller being configured to program the second data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to program a respective subset of digits of a plurality of digits of the second data to each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller being configured to program the first data and the second data to the plurality of memory cells comprises the controller being configured to cause each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells to have a respective threshold voltage corresponding to a respective data state that corresponds to its respective subset of digits of the plurality of digits of the first data and its respective subset of digits of the plurality of digits of the second data. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells; a differential storage array; and a controller for access of the array of memory cells and for access of the differential storage array; wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain information indicative of respective data values stored in a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address of the array of memory cells;
program additional data to the plurality of memory cells;
determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the additional data to the plurality of memory cells; and
if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated:
program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the information indicative of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells;
program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the address; and
program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
wherein the controller being configured to program a differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices comprises the controller being configured to:
selectively program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device responsive to information indicative of a respective digit of the respective data value stored in a corresponding memory cell of the plurality of memory cells;
wherein a resulting combination of threshold voltages of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device and of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device is representative of the information indicative of the digit of the respective data value stored in the corresponding memory cell of the plurality of memory cells;
wherein the controller being configured to program a differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices comprises the controller being configured to:
selectively program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device responsive to information indicative of a corresponding digit of the address;
wherein a resulting combination of threshold voltages of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device and of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of that differential storage device is representative of the information indicative of the corresponding digit of the address; and
wherein the controller being configured to program the third differential storage device comprises the controller being configured to:
program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the third differential storage device;
wherein a resulting combination of threshold voltages of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the third differential storage device and of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the third differential storage device is representative of the particular value. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller, if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated, is further configured to program a fourth plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to information indicative of respective data values of the additional data for the plurality of memory cells. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller being configured to program a particular differential storage device comprises the controller being configured to program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the particular differential storage device, wherein the particular differential storage device is selected from a group consisting of a differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices, a differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices, and the third differential storage device, and wherein the controller being configured to program the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells comprises the controller being configured to:
apply a first voltage level to a first source/drain of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells and to a first source/drain of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells; apply a second voltage level higher than the first voltage level to a gate of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells and to a gate of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells; apply a third voltage level, higher than the first voltage level and lower than the second voltage level, to a second source/drain of the one memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells; and apply the first voltage level to a second source/drain of the other memory cell of the pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a combination of the first voltage level, the second voltage level and the third voltage level is selected to cause charge to accumulate in a data-storage structure of the one memory cell during programming of the one memory cell. 16. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells; a differential storage array; and a controller for access of the array of memory cells and for access of the differential storage array; wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain information indicative of respective data values stored in a plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to an address, each respective data value comprising more than one digit of data;
program additional data to the plurality of memory cells;
determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the additional data to the plurality of memory cells; and
if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated:
program a first plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the information indicative of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells such that a first subset of the first plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a particular digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells and a different subset of the first plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a different digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the plurality of memory cells;
program a second plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the address; and
program a third differential storage device of the differential storage array to have a particular value. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the plurality of memory cells is a first plurality of memory cells, the address is a first address, and the additional data is first additional data, and wherein the controller is further configured to:
obtain information indicative of respective data values stored in a second plurality of memory cells of the array of memory cells corresponding to a second address, each respective data value of the second plurality of memory cells comprising more than one digit of data; program second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells; determine if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells; and if a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells:
program a fourth plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the information indicative of the respective data values stored in the second plurality of memory cells such that a first subset of the fourth plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a particular digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the second plurality of memory cells and a different subset of the fourth plurality of differential storage devices is programmed responsive to a different digit of data of each of the respective data values stored in the second plurality of memory cells;
program a fifth plurality of differential storage devices of the differential storage array responsive to the second address; and
programming a sixth differential storage device of the differential storage array to have the particular value. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to concurrently program the first additional data to the first plurality of memory cells and the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller determining that a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the first additional data to the first plurality of memory cells further determines that a power loss to the apparatus is indicated while programming the second additional data to the second plurality of memory cells. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller being configured to program a particular differential storage device comprises the controller being configured to program one memory cell of a pair of gate-connected non-volatile memory cells of the particular differential storage device, wherein the particular differential storage device is selected from a group consisting of a differential storage device of the first plurality of differential storage devices, a differential storage device of the second plurality of differential storage devices, and the third differential storage device. | 2,100 |
343,233 | 16,802,616 | 2,148 | Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. | 1. A ceramic slurry, comprising:
ceramic particles; a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 2. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate, a thiol, an epoxy, an oxetane, and/or a vinyl ether. 3. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component each homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks when cured. 4. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component comprises more than two functional groups that polymerize when cured. 5. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a methyl phenyl silicone resin and/or one or more silicon hydride groups. 6. The ceramic slurry of claim 5, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate. 7. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include a silane group, a silanol group, a methyl group, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, and/or a polyether group. 8. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises:
at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include M units (Me3SiO), D units (Me2SiO2), T units (MeSiO3), and/or Q units (SiO4); and/or at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include modified M units (RMe2SiO or R1R2MeSiO), modified D units (RMeSiO2 or R1R2SiO2), and/or modified T units (RSiO3). 9. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a DT siloxane, an MQ siloxane, an MDQ siloxane, an MTQ siloxane, and/or a QDT siloxane. 10. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein:
the weight ratio of the photoreactive organic resin component to the sum of the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and/or the weight ratio of the photoreactive siloxane component to the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles that have a multimodal particle morphology and/or a multimodal size distribution. 12. A photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component; a photoreactive siloxane component; and one or more photostable siloxane components. 13. A method of forming a ceramic part, the method comprising:
curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part; and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part; wherein the ceramic slurry comprises:
ceramic particles;
a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component independently cure and homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components are miscible or soluble with the photoreactive organic resin component, and wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component exclusively copolymerize. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising depositing a layer of the slurry onto a surface using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, wherein curing comprises selectively exposing the portion of the layer of the slurry to light using the 3D printer. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises heating the green ceramic part to a temperature from about 500° C. to about 1200° C.; and
wherein during partial firing, at least 20 wt. % of the photoreactive siloxane component and/or of the one or more photostable siloxane components are converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises greater than about 70% of the siloxane units of the photoreactive siloxane component being converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 19. The method of claim 13, comprising:
sintering the brown ceramic part at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering comprising heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein an average total shrinkage from partial firing and sintering of the ceramic part is less than about 4%. | Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles.1. A ceramic slurry, comprising:
ceramic particles; a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 2. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate, a thiol, an epoxy, an oxetane, and/or a vinyl ether. 3. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component each homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks when cured. 4. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the photoreactive siloxane component comprises more than two functional groups that polymerize when cured. 5. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a methyl phenyl silicone resin and/or one or more silicon hydride groups. 6. The ceramic slurry of claim 5, wherein the photoreactive organic resin component comprises an acrylate. 7. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include a silane group, a silanol group, a methyl group, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, and/or a polyether group. 8. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises:
at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include M units (Me3SiO), D units (Me2SiO2), T units (MeSiO3), and/or Q units (SiO4); and/or at least one photostable siloxane component that has terminal groups that include modified M units (RMe2SiO or R1R2MeSiO), modified D units (RMeSiO2 or R1R2SiO2), and/or modified T units (RSiO3). 9. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the one or more photostable siloxane components comprises a DT siloxane, an MQ siloxane, an MDQ siloxane, an MTQ siloxane, and/or a QDT siloxane. 10. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein:
the weight ratio of the photoreactive organic resin component to the sum of the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and/or the weight ratio of the photoreactive siloxane component to the one or more photostable siloxane components in the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The ceramic slurry of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles that have a multimodal particle morphology and/or a multimodal size distribution. 12. A photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component; a photoreactive siloxane component; and one or more photostable siloxane components. 13. A method of forming a ceramic part, the method comprising:
curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part; and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part; wherein the ceramic slurry comprises:
ceramic particles;
a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, comprising:
a photoreactive organic resin component,
a photoreactive siloxane component, and
one or more photostable siloxane components; and
a photoinitiator. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component independently cure and homopolymerize to form interpenetrating polymer networks. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein during curing, the photoreactive siloxane component and the one or more photostable siloxane components are miscible or soluble with the photoreactive organic resin component, and wherein the photoreactive siloxane component and the photoreactive organic resin component exclusively copolymerize. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising depositing a layer of the slurry onto a surface using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, wherein curing comprises selectively exposing the portion of the layer of the slurry to light using the 3D printer. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises heating the green ceramic part to a temperature from about 500° C. to about 1200° C.; and
wherein during partial firing, at least 20 wt. % of the photoreactive siloxane component and/or of the one or more photostable siloxane components are converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein partially firing comprises greater than about 70% of the siloxane units of the photoreactive siloxane component being converted to silica disposed about the ceramic particles. 19. The method of claim 13, comprising:
sintering the brown ceramic part at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering comprising heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein an average total shrinkage from partial firing and sintering of the ceramic part is less than about 4%. | 2,100 |
343,234 | 16,802,653 | 2,148 | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating, by at least one processor, a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting, by at least one processor, members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting, by at least one processor, the member type and the interface type; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the at least one solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the at least one solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating, by at least one processor, a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting, by at least one processor, members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting, by at least one processor, the member type and the interface type; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the at least one solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the members. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all alterations which are generated by the at least one solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on a restriction of a predetermined member of the interface. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the delta is within a predetermined range. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are identified by a set of members, the type of members, and the member properties; isolating a plurality of the floor joists, wherein the floor joists interface with another floor joists in a horizontal type interface; selecting members of the floor joists involved in the interface, wherein the interface is identified as a connection between the floor joists; detecting the member type and the interface type; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the members. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position the interfacing members. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a corner interface. | 2,100 |
343,235 | 16,802,619 | 2,148 | A method for manufacturing a cover glass includes covering partial regions of both main surfaces of a glass sheet with a mask material. The partial regions is opposed to each other. The method further includes etching the glass sheet having the partial regions covered with the mask material by use of an etchant, thereby obtaining a small-piece glass sheet having chamfered portions in the both main surfaces. The method further includes further chamfering at least a part of one main surface of the small-piece glass sheet, thereby providing a difference between surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the one main surface side and surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the other main surface side. | 1. A method for manufacturing a cover glass, comprising:
covering partial regions of both main surfaces of a glass sheet with a mask material, the partial regions being opposed to each other; etching the glass sheet having the partial regions covered with the mask material by use of an etchant, thereby obtaining a small-piece glass sheet having chamfered portions in the both main surfaces; and further chamfering at least a part of one main surface of the small-piece glass sheet, thereby providing a difference between surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the one main surface side and surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the other main surface side. 2. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, comprising further chamfering a side face portion of the small-piece glass sheet. 3. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the mask materials are disposed in a main surface direction of the glass sheet. 4. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 3, wherein an interval between the mask materials adjacent to each other in the main surface direction of the glass sheet is equal to or less than a thickness of the glass sheet. 5. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm. 6. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein:
the etchant is an aqueous solution containing hydrogen fluoride; and a content of the hydrogen fluoride in the etchant is 2 mass % to 10 mass %. 7. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein the etchant has a temperature of 10° C. to 40° C. 8. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet having the partial regions covered with the mask material is a glass sheet that has been subjected to an antiglare treatment. 9. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, comprising subjecting the small-piece glass sheet to a chemical strengthening treatment after the chamfering. 10. A cover glass obtained by the method according to claim 1. 11. A display device, comprising the cover glass according to claim 10. | A method for manufacturing a cover glass includes covering partial regions of both main surfaces of a glass sheet with a mask material. The partial regions is opposed to each other. The method further includes etching the glass sheet having the partial regions covered with the mask material by use of an etchant, thereby obtaining a small-piece glass sheet having chamfered portions in the both main surfaces. The method further includes further chamfering at least a part of one main surface of the small-piece glass sheet, thereby providing a difference between surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the one main surface side and surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the other main surface side.1. A method for manufacturing a cover glass, comprising:
covering partial regions of both main surfaces of a glass sheet with a mask material, the partial regions being opposed to each other; etching the glass sheet having the partial regions covered with the mask material by use of an etchant, thereby obtaining a small-piece glass sheet having chamfered portions in the both main surfaces; and further chamfering at least a part of one main surface of the small-piece glass sheet, thereby providing a difference between surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the one main surface side and surface roughness Ra of the chamfered portion on the other main surface side. 2. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, comprising further chamfering a side face portion of the small-piece glass sheet. 3. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the mask materials are disposed in a main surface direction of the glass sheet. 4. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 3, wherein an interval between the mask materials adjacent to each other in the main surface direction of the glass sheet is equal to or less than a thickness of the glass sheet. 5. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm. 6. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein:
the etchant is an aqueous solution containing hydrogen fluoride; and a content of the hydrogen fluoride in the etchant is 2 mass % to 10 mass %. 7. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein the etchant has a temperature of 10° C. to 40° C. 8. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet having the partial regions covered with the mask material is a glass sheet that has been subjected to an antiglare treatment. 9. The method for manufacturing a cover glass according to claim 1, comprising subjecting the small-piece glass sheet to a chemical strengthening treatment after the chamfering. 10. A cover glass obtained by the method according to claim 1. 11. A display device, comprising the cover glass according to claim 10. | 2,100 |
343,236 | 16,802,645 | 2,148 | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a floor joist and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the floor joist and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are comprised of a first set of members; isolating, by at least one processor, plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting, by at least one processor, a group of interfacing members between a floor joist and a wall panel; detecting, by at least one processor, an interface type between the floor joist and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the floor joist. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a floor joist. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a floor joist interfacing surface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the floor joist. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall panel and floor joist. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the floor joist. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a floor joist. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a floor joist interfacing surface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the floor joist. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall panel and floor joist. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a floor joist and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the floor joist and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the floor joist. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a floor joist. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a floor joist interfacing surface. | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a floor joist and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the floor joist and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are comprised of a first set of members; isolating, by at least one processor, plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting, by at least one processor, a group of interfacing members between a floor joist and a wall panel; detecting, by at least one processor, an interface type between the floor joist and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the floor joist. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a floor joist. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a floor joist interfacing surface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the floor joist. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, detecting, by at least one processor, at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall panel and floor joist. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, adjusting, by at least one processor, a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the floor joist. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a floor joist. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a floor joist interfacing surface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the floor joist. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, detecting at least one solution based on the restriction of a predetermined member of the conflicting wall panel and floor joist. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, adjusting a plurality of members, wherein the conflict is corrected. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of floor joists, wherein the floor joists are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a floor joist and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the floor joist and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the floor joist. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a floor joist. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a floor joist interfacing surface. | 2,100 |
343,237 | 16,802,660 | 2,148 | An intravascular blood pump having a drive section (11), a catheter (14) fastened to the drive section proximally and a pump section (12) fastened to the drive section distally possesses an electric motor (21) whose motor shaft (25) is mounted in the drive section (11) with two radial sliding bearings (27, 31) and an axial sliding bearing (40). During operation, purge fluid is conveyed through the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing (40) and further through the radial sliding bearing (31) at the distal end of the drive section (11). The purge fluid is highly viscous, for example 20% glucose solution. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. An intravascular blood pump, comprising:
a drive section having a motor housing with a proximal end and a distal end and further having an electric motor disposed in the motor housing, the electric motor possessing a motor shaft which protrudes out of the distal end of the motor housing, the motor shaft being radially mounted in the motor housing by a first radial bearing located at the proximal end of the motor housing and a second radial bearing located at the distal end of the motor housing, wherein at least one of the first and second radial bearings of the motor shaft is configured as a radial sliding bearing, and wherein the motor shaft is axially mounted within the motor housing by at least one of an axial sliding bearing and a radial-axial sliding bearing; a catheter connected to the proximal end of the motor housing, the catheter comprising lines for power supply to the electric motor; a pump section having a tubular pump housing fastened to the distal end of the motor housing and further comprising an impeller disposed on a distal end of the motor shaft, the impeller configured to rotate within the pump housing; wherein the motor shaft is made of ceramic; and wherein the at least one radial sliding bearing comprises an inner surface forming a bearing gap with a ceramic surface of the motor shaft, wherein the motor shaft is radially mounted in the motor housing by exactly two bearings which are maximally removed from each other and positioned at the proximal and distal ends of the motor housing. 19. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the radial bearing located at the distal end of the motor housing is configured as the radial sliding bearing. 20. The intravascular blood pump of claim 19, further comprising a purge-fluid line which is positioned such that fluid fed through the purge-fluid line flows through the bearing gap of the radial sliding bearing. 21. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing comprises a disk disposed on the motor shaft and supported against a circumferential shoulder of the motor housing. 22. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein one or more surfaces forming a bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing has a channel which penetrates the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing from radially outward to radially inward. 23. The intravascular blood pump of claim 22, wherein the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing is configured as a converging gap in some regions in the circumferential direction. 24. The intravascular blood pump of claim 22, wherein the one or more surfaces forming the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing are configured to be moved relative to other surfaces. 25. The intravascular blood pump of claim 24, wherein the moved surface forming the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing is even. 26. The intravascular blood pump of claim 24, wherein the moved surface forming the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing comprises one or more spirally disposed grooves. 27. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the ceramic is zirconium oxide. 28. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the first radial bearing situated at the proximal end of the motor housing has an outer ring, and lead wires of the electric motor extend through the outer ring or within a radially outwardly located slot of the outer ring. 29. The intravascular blood pump of claim 28, wherein the lead wires of the electric motor and the lines extending along the catheter are connected electroconductively with soldering on a surface located proximally of the first radial bearing situated at the proximal end of the motor housing. 30. The intravascular blood pump of claim 29, wherein at least one of the motor housing and the soldering is at least partly encased in a cast plastic housing. 31. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein a total distal end of the motor housing, including a surface of at least one of the axial sliding bearing and the radial-axial sliding bearing, is manufactured as a one-piece ceramic part. 32. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the electric motor comprises a rotor, and wherein at least one of the axial sliding bearing and the radial-axial sliding bearing is formed by an axially interior surface of an end wall of the motor housing and an opposing surface in the form of a ceramic disc seated on the motor shaft distally of the rotor and rotating with the rotor. 33. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the inner surface forming the bearing gap of the radial sliding bearing is a ceramic surface formed by an end wall of the motor housing. 34. The intravascular blood pump of claim 33, wherein the ceramic surface formed by an end wall of the motor housing is formed by a through bore in a distal end wall of the motor housing. 35. The intravascular blood pump of claim 33, wherein the ceramic surface formed by an end wall of the motor housing is formed by a bearing bush which forms an integral part of a proximal end wall of the motor housing. 36. A system comprising the intravascular blood pump of claim 18 and a purge-fluid source for supplying the purge-fluid line with a fluid whose viscosity at 37° C. lies >1.2 mPa·s. 37. A method for supporting blood circulation while employing the intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the fluid fed to the purge-fluid line has a viscosity lying >1.2 mPa·s at 37° C. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the purge fluid is a >20% glucose solution. | An intravascular blood pump having a drive section (11), a catheter (14) fastened to the drive section proximally and a pump section (12) fastened to the drive section distally possesses an electric motor (21) whose motor shaft (25) is mounted in the drive section (11) with two radial sliding bearings (27, 31) and an axial sliding bearing (40). During operation, purge fluid is conveyed through the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing (40) and further through the radial sliding bearing (31) at the distal end of the drive section (11). The purge fluid is highly viscous, for example 20% glucose solution.1-17. (canceled) 18. An intravascular blood pump, comprising:
a drive section having a motor housing with a proximal end and a distal end and further having an electric motor disposed in the motor housing, the electric motor possessing a motor shaft which protrudes out of the distal end of the motor housing, the motor shaft being radially mounted in the motor housing by a first radial bearing located at the proximal end of the motor housing and a second radial bearing located at the distal end of the motor housing, wherein at least one of the first and second radial bearings of the motor shaft is configured as a radial sliding bearing, and wherein the motor shaft is axially mounted within the motor housing by at least one of an axial sliding bearing and a radial-axial sliding bearing; a catheter connected to the proximal end of the motor housing, the catheter comprising lines for power supply to the electric motor; a pump section having a tubular pump housing fastened to the distal end of the motor housing and further comprising an impeller disposed on a distal end of the motor shaft, the impeller configured to rotate within the pump housing; wherein the motor shaft is made of ceramic; and wherein the at least one radial sliding bearing comprises an inner surface forming a bearing gap with a ceramic surface of the motor shaft, wherein the motor shaft is radially mounted in the motor housing by exactly two bearings which are maximally removed from each other and positioned at the proximal and distal ends of the motor housing. 19. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the radial bearing located at the distal end of the motor housing is configured as the radial sliding bearing. 20. The intravascular blood pump of claim 19, further comprising a purge-fluid line which is positioned such that fluid fed through the purge-fluid line flows through the bearing gap of the radial sliding bearing. 21. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing comprises a disk disposed on the motor shaft and supported against a circumferential shoulder of the motor housing. 22. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein one or more surfaces forming a bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing has a channel which penetrates the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing from radially outward to radially inward. 23. The intravascular blood pump of claim 22, wherein the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing is configured as a converging gap in some regions in the circumferential direction. 24. The intravascular blood pump of claim 22, wherein the one or more surfaces forming the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing are configured to be moved relative to other surfaces. 25. The intravascular blood pump of claim 24, wherein the moved surface forming the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing or the radial-axial sliding bearing is even. 26. The intravascular blood pump of claim 24, wherein the moved surface forming the bearing gap of the axial sliding bearing comprises one or more spirally disposed grooves. 27. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the ceramic is zirconium oxide. 28. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the first radial bearing situated at the proximal end of the motor housing has an outer ring, and lead wires of the electric motor extend through the outer ring or within a radially outwardly located slot of the outer ring. 29. The intravascular blood pump of claim 28, wherein the lead wires of the electric motor and the lines extending along the catheter are connected electroconductively with soldering on a surface located proximally of the first radial bearing situated at the proximal end of the motor housing. 30. The intravascular blood pump of claim 29, wherein at least one of the motor housing and the soldering is at least partly encased in a cast plastic housing. 31. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein a total distal end of the motor housing, including a surface of at least one of the axial sliding bearing and the radial-axial sliding bearing, is manufactured as a one-piece ceramic part. 32. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the electric motor comprises a rotor, and wherein at least one of the axial sliding bearing and the radial-axial sliding bearing is formed by an axially interior surface of an end wall of the motor housing and an opposing surface in the form of a ceramic disc seated on the motor shaft distally of the rotor and rotating with the rotor. 33. The intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the inner surface forming the bearing gap of the radial sliding bearing is a ceramic surface formed by an end wall of the motor housing. 34. The intravascular blood pump of claim 33, wherein the ceramic surface formed by an end wall of the motor housing is formed by a through bore in a distal end wall of the motor housing. 35. The intravascular blood pump of claim 33, wherein the ceramic surface formed by an end wall of the motor housing is formed by a bearing bush which forms an integral part of a proximal end wall of the motor housing. 36. A system comprising the intravascular blood pump of claim 18 and a purge-fluid source for supplying the purge-fluid line with a fluid whose viscosity at 37° C. lies >1.2 mPa·s. 37. A method for supporting blood circulation while employing the intravascular blood pump of claim 18, wherein the fluid fed to the purge-fluid line has a viscosity lying >1.2 mPa·s at 37° C. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the purge fluid is a >20% glucose solution. | 2,100 |
343,238 | 16,802,642 | 2,148 | The invention relates to providing novel functions to the coaxial breathing circuits which at present do not comprise water traps, by adding a closed system water trap designed to have an inkwell shape and a lung pressure measurement port to said circuits wherein the fluid collected in the bottle section can be discharged without having to open the bottle by means of a drainage luer port located at the base of the bottle and a needleless apparatus that has been inserted into the port, and an injector. | 1. Coaxial breathing circuit systems having a lung pressure measurement port and a closed system water trap that can be discharged with an injector, comprising:
a coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap which can be connected to a mid section of an expiratory line of a coaxial breathing circuit and which enables a collection of water accumulated in the expiratory line, a leg part section, which provides connection with the coaxial breathing circuit, which directs the water located inside tubes to the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap, the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap, which can be connected to a device side end section of an inspiratory line of the coaxial breathing circuit and which enables the collection of the water accumulated in the inspiratory line, a leg part section in the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line water trap, wherein one side of the leg part is suitable to be inserted into the breathing circuit tubes and an other side is suitable to be inserted into an anaesthesia/ventilation device, an inkwell wherein fluid that is accumulated in the tube is passed through by means of an incline to be finally collected in a bottle section, of both the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap and the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap, the bottle section into which fluid is transferred from the inkwell and the leg part section of the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap, and the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap, wherein the coaxial breathing circuit systems further comprise: a grooved luer port which enables the discharging of the water collected in the bottle section by means of a needleless apparatus which has a right angle towards the leg part section in the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap; and which is concealed with a skirt section that extends below the bottle section in the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap, the inkwell which prevents a reflux of the water collected in the bottle section into the breathing circuit tube until said bottle has been drained and which also prevents an air flow into the bottle section, a lung pressure measurement port to which a probe that is used to measure a pressure of a lung of a patient from a breath of the patient can be attached and which is on I connector in the coaxial breathing circuit, a lid which prevents the water that has accumulated in the bottle section from entering into upper sections of the circuit until said accumulated water has been discharged, a stopper which prevents the fluid collected in the bottle section to leak back into the tube before said fluid is discharged and which prevents a passage of the air into the bottle section, a patient connection section which comprises a lung pressure measurement port for a coaxial breathing circuit to which a catheter mount or similar apparatus that are directly in contact with the patient can be coupled to, an expiratory line tube coupling into which an expiratory line tube is connected to, an inspiratory line tube coupling into which an inspiratory line tube is connected to, a needleless apparatus which enables drainage of the water collected in the bottle section to be discharged as a closed system by means of the grooved luer port, The coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap which can be coupled between the coaxial breathing circuit and the anaesthesia/ventilation device and which enables the collection of the water that has accumulated inside the inspiratory line. 2. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the systems comprise a luer drainage port which enables discharging of the water that has accumulated in the bottle section of the closed system water traps from the bottle section without opening the bottle. 3. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1 wherein the water accumulated in the expiratory line of the breathing circuit is passed through the inkwell section by means of an angle between the legs and then collected into the bottle section. 4. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the systems comprise the lung pressure measurement port which enables to determine if a required pressure difference for the patient to be able to breath is formed or not and if the patient performs carbon dioxide re-breathing or not. 5. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the leg part section of the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap enables the passage of the inspiratory tube through it. 6. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein one side of the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line water trap is suitable to be inserted into the breathing circuit tube and an other side is suitable to be inserted into the anaesthesia/ventilation device. 7. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the grooved luer port right angled towards the leg part section is provided in the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap. 8. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the needleless grooved luer port which is concealed with the skirt section extending from below the bottle section is provided in the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap. | The invention relates to providing novel functions to the coaxial breathing circuits which at present do not comprise water traps, by adding a closed system water trap designed to have an inkwell shape and a lung pressure measurement port to said circuits wherein the fluid collected in the bottle section can be discharged without having to open the bottle by means of a drainage luer port located at the base of the bottle and a needleless apparatus that has been inserted into the port, and an injector.1. Coaxial breathing circuit systems having a lung pressure measurement port and a closed system water trap that can be discharged with an injector, comprising:
a coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap which can be connected to a mid section of an expiratory line of a coaxial breathing circuit and which enables a collection of water accumulated in the expiratory line, a leg part section, which provides connection with the coaxial breathing circuit, which directs the water located inside tubes to the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap, the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap, which can be connected to a device side end section of an inspiratory line of the coaxial breathing circuit and which enables the collection of the water accumulated in the inspiratory line, a leg part section in the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line water trap, wherein one side of the leg part is suitable to be inserted into the breathing circuit tubes and an other side is suitable to be inserted into an anaesthesia/ventilation device, an inkwell wherein fluid that is accumulated in the tube is passed through by means of an incline to be finally collected in a bottle section, of both the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap and the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap, the bottle section into which fluid is transferred from the inkwell and the leg part section of the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap, and the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap, wherein the coaxial breathing circuit systems further comprise: a grooved luer port which enables the discharging of the water collected in the bottle section by means of a needleless apparatus which has a right angle towards the leg part section in the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap; and which is concealed with a skirt section that extends below the bottle section in the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap, the inkwell which prevents a reflux of the water collected in the bottle section into the breathing circuit tube until said bottle has been drained and which also prevents an air flow into the bottle section, a lung pressure measurement port to which a probe that is used to measure a pressure of a lung of a patient from a breath of the patient can be attached and which is on I connector in the coaxial breathing circuit, a lid which prevents the water that has accumulated in the bottle section from entering into upper sections of the circuit until said accumulated water has been discharged, a stopper which prevents the fluid collected in the bottle section to leak back into the tube before said fluid is discharged and which prevents a passage of the air into the bottle section, a patient connection section which comprises a lung pressure measurement port for a coaxial breathing circuit to which a catheter mount or similar apparatus that are directly in contact with the patient can be coupled to, an expiratory line tube coupling into which an expiratory line tube is connected to, an inspiratory line tube coupling into which an inspiratory line tube is connected to, a needleless apparatus which enables drainage of the water collected in the bottle section to be discharged as a closed system by means of the grooved luer port, The coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap which can be coupled between the coaxial breathing circuit and the anaesthesia/ventilation device and which enables the collection of the water that has accumulated inside the inspiratory line. 2. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the systems comprise a luer drainage port which enables discharging of the water that has accumulated in the bottle section of the closed system water traps from the bottle section without opening the bottle. 3. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1 wherein the water accumulated in the expiratory line of the breathing circuit is passed through the inkwell section by means of an angle between the legs and then collected into the bottle section. 4. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the systems comprise the lung pressure measurement port which enables to determine if a required pressure difference for the patient to be able to breath is formed or not and if the patient performs carbon dioxide re-breathing or not. 5. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the leg part section of the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap enables the passage of the inspiratory tube through it. 6. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein one side of the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line water trap is suitable to be inserted into the breathing circuit tube and an other side is suitable to be inserted into the anaesthesia/ventilation device. 7. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the grooved luer port right angled towards the leg part section is provided in the coaxial breathing circuit inspiratory line closed system water trap. 8. Breathing circuit systems according to claim 1, wherein the needleless grooved luer port which is concealed with the skirt section extending from below the bottle section is provided in the coaxial breathing circuit expiratory line closed system water trap. | 2,100 |
343,239 | 16,802,628 | 2,148 | In a light emitting device, a columnar part includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer different in conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, the first semiconductor layer is disposed between the substrate and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer includes a first layer, and a second layer larger in bandgap than the first layer, the first semiconductor layer has a facet plane, the first layer has a facet plane, the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer is provided with the first layer, and θ2>θ1, in which θ1 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to a surface of the substrate provided with the laminated structure, and θ2 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first layer provided to the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to the surface of the substrate. | 1. A light emitting device comprising:
a substrate; and a laminated structure provided to the substrate, and including a plurality of columnar parts, wherein the columnar part includes
a first semiconductor layer,
a second semiconductor layer having different conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and
a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer,
the first semiconductor layer is disposed between the substrate and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer includes
a first layer, and
a second layer larger in bandgap than the first layer,
the first semiconductor layer has a facet plane, the first layer has a facet plane, the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer is provided with the first layer, and θ2>θ1, in which θ1 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to a surface of the substrate provided with the laminated structure, and θ2 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first layer provided to the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to the surface of the substrate. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
the first layer includes
a first portion, and
a second portion larger in bandgap than the first portion. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor layer has a c-plane, and the first layer has a c-plane. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 3, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the first semiconductor layer is larger than the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 3, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the first layer is larger than the facet plane of the first layer. 6. A light emitting device comprising:
a substrate; and a laminated structure provided to the substrate, and including a plurality of columnar parts, wherein the columnar part includes
a first semiconductor layer,
a second semiconductor layer different in conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and
a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer,
the first semiconductor layer is disposed between the substrate and the light emitting layer, the second semiconductor layer includes
a third semiconductor layer, and
a fourth semiconductor layer lower in impurity concentration than the third semiconductor layer,
the light emitting layer has a facet plane, the fourth semiconductor layer has a facet plane, the facet plane of the light emitting layer is provided with the fourth semiconductor layer, and θ4>θ3, in which θ3 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the light emitting layer with respect to a surface of the substrate provided with the laminated structure, and θ4 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the fourth semiconductor layer provided to the facet plane of the light emitting layer with respect to the surface of the substrate. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein
the light emitting layer has a c-plane, and the fourth semiconductor layer has a c-plane. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the light emitting layer is larger than the facet plane of the light emitting layer. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the fourth semiconductor layer is larger than the facet plane of the fourth semiconductor layer. 10. A projector comprising:
the light emitting device according to claim 1. | In a light emitting device, a columnar part includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer different in conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, the first semiconductor layer is disposed between the substrate and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer includes a first layer, and a second layer larger in bandgap than the first layer, the first semiconductor layer has a facet plane, the first layer has a facet plane, the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer is provided with the first layer, and θ2>θ1, in which θ1 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to a surface of the substrate provided with the laminated structure, and θ2 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first layer provided to the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to the surface of the substrate.1. A light emitting device comprising:
a substrate; and a laminated structure provided to the substrate, and including a plurality of columnar parts, wherein the columnar part includes
a first semiconductor layer,
a second semiconductor layer having different conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and
a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer,
the first semiconductor layer is disposed between the substrate and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer includes
a first layer, and
a second layer larger in bandgap than the first layer,
the first semiconductor layer has a facet plane, the first layer has a facet plane, the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer is provided with the first layer, and θ2>θ1, in which θ1 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to a surface of the substrate provided with the laminated structure, and θ2 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the first layer provided to the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer with respect to the surface of the substrate. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
the first layer includes
a first portion, and
a second portion larger in bandgap than the first portion. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor layer has a c-plane, and the first layer has a c-plane. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 3, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the first semiconductor layer is larger than the facet plane of the first semiconductor layer. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 3, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the first layer is larger than the facet plane of the first layer. 6. A light emitting device comprising:
a substrate; and a laminated structure provided to the substrate, and including a plurality of columnar parts, wherein the columnar part includes
a first semiconductor layer,
a second semiconductor layer different in conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and
a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer,
the first semiconductor layer is disposed between the substrate and the light emitting layer, the second semiconductor layer includes
a third semiconductor layer, and
a fourth semiconductor layer lower in impurity concentration than the third semiconductor layer,
the light emitting layer has a facet plane, the fourth semiconductor layer has a facet plane, the facet plane of the light emitting layer is provided with the fourth semiconductor layer, and θ4>θ3, in which θ3 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the light emitting layer with respect to a surface of the substrate provided with the laminated structure, and θ4 is a tilt angle of the facet plane of the fourth semiconductor layer provided to the facet plane of the light emitting layer with respect to the surface of the substrate. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein
the light emitting layer has a c-plane, and the fourth semiconductor layer has a c-plane. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the light emitting layer is larger than the facet plane of the light emitting layer. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein
in a plan view viewed in a stacking direction of the laminated structure, the c-plane of the fourth semiconductor layer is larger than the facet plane of the fourth semiconductor layer. 10. A projector comprising:
the light emitting device according to claim 1. | 2,100 |
343,240 | 16,802,644 | 2,148 | The subject matter herein provides an automated system and method for software patch management that ranks patches at least in part according to a score indicative of a complexity (e.g., cost) of remediating a vulnerability. This score is sometimes referred to herein as a vulnerability remediation complexity (VRC) score. A VRC score provides an objective measure by which an organization can determine which patches are most likely to be successfully applied, thus enabling implementation of a patching strategy that preferentially applies most critical, but less impact (in terms of remediation cost) patches first to remediate as must risk as possible as quickly as possible. Thus, for example, the approach herein enables the patching to focus on vulnerabilities of highest severity and small remediation cost over those, for example, representing lower severity and higher remediation cost. | 1. A method of patch management in a computer network, comprising:
receiving a set of patches for install in a set of computer systems in the computer network; for each of one or more patches in a set of patches, computing a score that quantifies a remediation cost of a patching operation to install the patch; determining a priority order of applying the set of patches based at least in part on the scores; and applying the set of patches to the set of computer systems according to the priority order. 2. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the priority order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost. 3. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the remediation cost of the patching operation to install the patch is at least one of: a number of patches, a number of registry modifications, a number of system configuration changes, and a combination thereof. 4. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the priority order is based at least in part on a vulnerability severity order for a set of vulnerabilities identified for patching by the set of patches. 5. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by an impact to an availability of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 6. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by a criticality of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 7. The method as described in claim 1 further including recording a successful application of a given patch to produce a patch application history, wherein the remediation cost for the given patch is also based at least in part on the patch application history. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
a processor; computer memory holding computer program instructions executed by the processor for patch management in a computer network, the computer program instructions configured to:
receive a set of patches for install in a set of computer systems in the computer network;
for each of one or more patches in a set of patches, compute a score that quantifies a remediation cost of a patching operation to install the patch;
determine a priority order of applying the set of patches based at least in part on the scores; and
apply the set of patches to the set of computer systems according to the priority order. 9. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the priority order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost. 10. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the remediation cost of the patching operation to install the patch is at least one of: a number of patches, a number of registry modifications, a number of system configuration changes, and a combination thereof. 11. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the priority order is based at least in part on a vulnerability severity order for a set of vulnerabilities identified for patching by the set of patches. 12. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by an impact to an availability of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 13. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by a criticality of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 14. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the computer program instructions are further configured to record a successful application of a given patch to produce a patch application history, wherein the remediation cost for the given patch is also based at least in part on the patch application history. 15. A computer program product in a non-transitory computer readable medium for use in a data processing system for patch management in a computer network, the computer program product holding computer program instructions that, when executed by the data processing system, are configured to:
receive a set of patches for install in a set of computer systems in the computer network; for each of one or more patches in a set of patches, compute a score that quantifies a remediation cost of a patching operation to install the patch; determine a priority order of applying the set of patches based at least in part on the scores; and apply the set of patches to the set of computer systems according to the priority order. 16. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the priority order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost. 17. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the remediation cost of the patching operation to install the patch is at least one of: a number of patches, a number of registry modifications, a number of system configuration changes, and a combination thereof. 18. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the priority order is based at least in part on a vulnerability severity order for a set of vulnerabilities identified for patching by the set of patches. 19. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by an impact to an availability of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 20. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by a criticality of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 21. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the computer program instructions are further configured to record a successful application of a given patch to produce a patch application history, wherein the remediation cost for the given patch is also based at least in part on the patch application history. 22. A patching system for a computer network, comprising:
at least one hardware processor; a data store holding a set of patches, the set of patches having an associated vulnerability severity order; and computer memory storing computer program instructions configured as a vulnerability scoring system, the vulnerability scoring system configured to:
compute a vulnerability remediation complexity (VRC) score for one or more patches in the set of patches;
adjust the vulnerability severity order based at least in part on the computed VRC score for the one or more patches; and
output to patch tooling the adjusted vulnerability severity order, wherein the adjusted vulnerability severity order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost as reflected by the VRC score. | The subject matter herein provides an automated system and method for software patch management that ranks patches at least in part according to a score indicative of a complexity (e.g., cost) of remediating a vulnerability. This score is sometimes referred to herein as a vulnerability remediation complexity (VRC) score. A VRC score provides an objective measure by which an organization can determine which patches are most likely to be successfully applied, thus enabling implementation of a patching strategy that preferentially applies most critical, but less impact (in terms of remediation cost) patches first to remediate as must risk as possible as quickly as possible. Thus, for example, the approach herein enables the patching to focus on vulnerabilities of highest severity and small remediation cost over those, for example, representing lower severity and higher remediation cost.1. A method of patch management in a computer network, comprising:
receiving a set of patches for install in a set of computer systems in the computer network; for each of one or more patches in a set of patches, computing a score that quantifies a remediation cost of a patching operation to install the patch; determining a priority order of applying the set of patches based at least in part on the scores; and applying the set of patches to the set of computer systems according to the priority order. 2. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the priority order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost. 3. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the remediation cost of the patching operation to install the patch is at least one of: a number of patches, a number of registry modifications, a number of system configuration changes, and a combination thereof. 4. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the priority order is based at least in part on a vulnerability severity order for a set of vulnerabilities identified for patching by the set of patches. 5. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by an impact to an availability of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 6. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by a criticality of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 7. The method as described in claim 1 further including recording a successful application of a given patch to produce a patch application history, wherein the remediation cost for the given patch is also based at least in part on the patch application history. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
a processor; computer memory holding computer program instructions executed by the processor for patch management in a computer network, the computer program instructions configured to:
receive a set of patches for install in a set of computer systems in the computer network;
for each of one or more patches in a set of patches, compute a score that quantifies a remediation cost of a patching operation to install the patch;
determine a priority order of applying the set of patches based at least in part on the scores; and
apply the set of patches to the set of computer systems according to the priority order. 9. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the priority order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost. 10. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the remediation cost of the patching operation to install the patch is at least one of: a number of patches, a number of registry modifications, a number of system configuration changes, and a combination thereof. 11. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the priority order is based at least in part on a vulnerability severity order for a set of vulnerabilities identified for patching by the set of patches. 12. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by an impact to an availability of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 13. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by a criticality of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 14. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the computer program instructions are further configured to record a successful application of a given patch to produce a patch application history, wherein the remediation cost for the given patch is also based at least in part on the patch application history. 15. A computer program product in a non-transitory computer readable medium for use in a data processing system for patch management in a computer network, the computer program product holding computer program instructions that, when executed by the data processing system, are configured to:
receive a set of patches for install in a set of computer systems in the computer network; for each of one or more patches in a set of patches, compute a score that quantifies a remediation cost of a patching operation to install the patch; determine a priority order of applying the set of patches based at least in part on the scores; and apply the set of patches to the set of computer systems according to the priority order. 16. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the priority order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost. 17. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the remediation cost of the patching operation to install the patch is at least one of: a number of patches, a number of registry modifications, a number of system configuration changes, and a combination thereof. 18. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the priority order is based at least in part on a vulnerability severity order for a set of vulnerabilities identified for patching by the set of patches. 19. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by an impact to an availability of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 20. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the remediation cost for a given patch is determined at least in part by a criticality of the computer system that is a target of the patching operation for the given patch. 21. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the computer program instructions are further configured to record a successful application of a given patch to produce a patch application history, wherein the remediation cost for the given patch is also based at least in part on the patch application history. 22. A patching system for a computer network, comprising:
at least one hardware processor; a data store holding a set of patches, the set of patches having an associated vulnerability severity order; and computer memory storing computer program instructions configured as a vulnerability scoring system, the vulnerability scoring system configured to:
compute a vulnerability remediation complexity (VRC) score for one or more patches in the set of patches;
adjust the vulnerability severity order based at least in part on the computed VRC score for the one or more patches; and
output to patch tooling the adjusted vulnerability severity order, wherein the adjusted vulnerability severity order prioritizes for install at least one patch in the set of patches that is associated with a high severity vulnerability but that has a low remediation cost as reflected by the VRC score. | 2,100 |
343,241 | 16,802,652 | 2,148 | Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus including: an element substrate including a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid and a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater, in which the first heater and the second heater are driven in different timings. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus comprising:
an element substrate including a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid and a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater, wherein the first heater and the second heater are driven in different timings. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second heater is driven in a timing from a time point at which a size of a film boiling bubble generated by the film boiling on the first heater becomes the maximum until the film boiling bubble disappears. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
on the element substrate, a first heater group including a plurality of the first heaters that are driven in a first timing and a second heater group including a plurality of the second heaters that are driven in a second timing are arranged. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
an interval from the first timing to the second timing is changed regularly or irregularly. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
a voltage pulse for driving the first heaters in the first heater group is applied in the first timing, and a voltage pulse for driving the second heaters in the second heater group is applied in the second timing. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the first heaters in the first heater group are connected to the same first electrode pad that supplies energy for driving the first heaters, and the second heaters in the second heater group are connected to a second electrode pad different from the first electrode pad. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the heater groups respectively including the first heaters and the second heaters are connected to the same electrode pad that supplies energy for driving the first and second heaters in the heater groups, and switches that switch the heaters to which the energy is applied are arranged between the electrode pad and the first and second heaters. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the first and second electrode pads are arranged on a back surface of the element substrate. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
in a liquid chamber in which the first heater group and the second heater group are in contact with the liquid, no walls partitioning the liquid chamber are formed between the first heaters in the first heater group and the second heaters in the second heater group. 10. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, comprising:
driving a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid in a first timing; and driving a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater in a second timing different from the first timing. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 10, wherein
the second heater is driven in a timing from a time point at which a size of a film boiling bubble generated by the film boiling on the first heater becomes the maximum until the film boiling bubble disappears. | Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus including: an element substrate including a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid and a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater, in which the first heater and the second heater are driven in different timings.1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus comprising:
an element substrate including a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid and a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater, wherein the first heater and the second heater are driven in different timings. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second heater is driven in a timing from a time point at which a size of a film boiling bubble generated by the film boiling on the first heater becomes the maximum until the film boiling bubble disappears. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
on the element substrate, a first heater group including a plurality of the first heaters that are driven in a first timing and a second heater group including a plurality of the second heaters that are driven in a second timing are arranged. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
an interval from the first timing to the second timing is changed regularly or irregularly. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
a voltage pulse for driving the first heaters in the first heater group is applied in the first timing, and a voltage pulse for driving the second heaters in the second heater group is applied in the second timing. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the first heaters in the first heater group are connected to the same first electrode pad that supplies energy for driving the first heaters, and the second heaters in the second heater group are connected to a second electrode pad different from the first electrode pad. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the heater groups respectively including the first heaters and the second heaters are connected to the same electrode pad that supplies energy for driving the first and second heaters in the heater groups, and switches that switch the heaters to which the energy is applied are arranged between the electrode pad and the first and second heaters. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the first and second electrode pads are arranged on a back surface of the element substrate. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
in a liquid chamber in which the first heater group and the second heater group are in contact with the liquid, no walls partitioning the liquid chamber are formed between the first heaters in the first heater group and the second heaters in the second heater group. 10. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, comprising:
driving a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid in a first timing; and driving a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater in a second timing different from the first timing. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 10, wherein
the second heater is driven in a timing from a time point at which a size of a film boiling bubble generated by the film boiling on the first heater becomes the maximum until the film boiling bubble disappears. | 2,100 |
343,242 | 16,802,647 | 2,148 | A method of illuminating a target area and driving rotation a driven tool comprises coupling a light attachment assembly to an elongated extension member by placing a portion of the elongated extension member within a hollow portion of a sheath of the light attachment assembly. Activating a light source of the light attachment assembly. Positioning the driven tool within the target area while grasping the light attachment assembly. Driving rotation of both the driven tool and the elongated extension member while grasping the light attachment assembly when the driven tool is positioned within the target are such that the portion of the elongated extension member housed within the hollow portion of the sheath rotates relative to the light assembly. | 1. A method of illuminating a target area and driving rotation of a driven tool, the method comprising:
(a) coupling a light attachment assembly with an elongated extension member by placing a portion of the elongated extension member within a hollow portion of a sheath of the light attachment assembly, wherein the sheath of the light attachment assembly extends along a first longitudinal axis; (b) activating a light source of the light attachment assembly, wherein the light source is spaced away from the first longitudinal axis to define an offset distance between the light source and the first longitudinal axis; (c) positioning the driven tool within the target area while grasping the light attachment assembly; and (d) driving rotation of both the driven tool and the elongated extension member while grasping the light attachment assembly when the driven tool is positioned within the target area such that the portion of the elongated extension member housed within the hollow portion of the sheath rotates relative to the light assembly. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling the driven tool with the elongated extension member such that rotation of the elongated extension member drives rotation of the driven tool. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the light assembly with the elongated extension member comprises inserting a proximal end of the sheath over a distal end of the elongated extension member. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching a proximal end of the elongated extension member to a driving mechanism. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a ratchet. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the driven tool comprises a socket. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning the driven tool within the target area while grasping the light attachment assembly is performed while the light source of the light attachment assembly is activated. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the light attachment assembly with the elongated extension member further comprises slidably coupling the light attachment assembly with the elongated extension member. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising sliding the light attachment assembly along the elongated extension member. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the light attachment assembly further comprises a flashlight extending along a second longitudinal axis, wherein the second longitudinal axis and the first longitudinal axis define the offset distance. 11. A light attachment assembly configured to selectively couple to an elongated extension tool, the light attachment assembly comprising:
(a) an elongated sheath extending along a first longitudinal axis between a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the elongated sheath defines a through hole extending between the proximal end and the distal end, wherein the through hole is dimensioned to slidably receive the elongated extension tool such that the light attachment assembly may rotate and translated relative to at least a portion of the elongated extension tool; (b) a light source extending along a second longitudinal axis, wherein the light source is configured to transition between an activated state and a deactivated state; and (c) a clamping assembly configured to fix the elongated sheath with the light source, wherein the clamping assembly comprises:
(i) a first body, wherein the first body comprises a first sheath clamping surface and a first light source clamping surface, and
(ii) a second body, wherein the second body comprises a second sheath clamping surface and a second light source clamping surface,
wherein the first sheath clamping surface and the second sheath clamping surface are configured to cooperatively engage the elongated sheath to fix the elongated sheath relative to the clamping assembly, wherein the first light source clamping surface and the second light source clamping surface are configured to cooperatively engage the light source to fix the light source relative to the clamping assembly, thereby fixing the light source relative to the elongated sheath. 12. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the clamping assembly further comprises a set screw configured to couple the first body and the second body such that the clamping assembly may fix the light source relative to the elongated sheath. 13. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the elongated sheath is adjustable along the first longitudinal axis relative to the clamping assembly. 14. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the light source is adjustable along the second longitudinal axis relative to the clamping assembly. 15. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the elongated sheath is longer than the clamping assembly. 16. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the light source comprises an activation button. 17. A light attachment assembly configured to selectively couple to an elongated extension tool, the light attachment assembly comprising:
(a) an elongated sheath extending along a sheath axis, wherein the elongated sheath defines a hollow portion dimensioned to slidably and rotatably couple with the elongated extension tool, wherein the elongated sheath is configured to remain rotationally stable as the elongated extension tool, while coupled with the elongated sheath, is rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated extension tool; and (b) a light source configured to transition between an activated state and a deactivated state, wherein the light source is coupled with the elongated sheath such that the light source is configured to rotate and slide along with the elongated sheath relative to the elongated extension tool; and 18. The light attachment assembly of claim 17, further comprising a clamping assembly configured to selectively fix the elongated sheath with the light source. 19. The light attachment assembly of claim 18, wherein the clamping assembly further comprises a first complementary clamping body, a second complementary clamping body, and a set screw configured to attach the first complementary clamping body with the second complementary clamping body. 20. The light attachment assembly of claim 17, wherein the elongated sheath comprises a tubular body. | A method of illuminating a target area and driving rotation a driven tool comprises coupling a light attachment assembly to an elongated extension member by placing a portion of the elongated extension member within a hollow portion of a sheath of the light attachment assembly. Activating a light source of the light attachment assembly. Positioning the driven tool within the target area while grasping the light attachment assembly. Driving rotation of both the driven tool and the elongated extension member while grasping the light attachment assembly when the driven tool is positioned within the target are such that the portion of the elongated extension member housed within the hollow portion of the sheath rotates relative to the light assembly.1. A method of illuminating a target area and driving rotation of a driven tool, the method comprising:
(a) coupling a light attachment assembly with an elongated extension member by placing a portion of the elongated extension member within a hollow portion of a sheath of the light attachment assembly, wherein the sheath of the light attachment assembly extends along a first longitudinal axis; (b) activating a light source of the light attachment assembly, wherein the light source is spaced away from the first longitudinal axis to define an offset distance between the light source and the first longitudinal axis; (c) positioning the driven tool within the target area while grasping the light attachment assembly; and (d) driving rotation of both the driven tool and the elongated extension member while grasping the light attachment assembly when the driven tool is positioned within the target area such that the portion of the elongated extension member housed within the hollow portion of the sheath rotates relative to the light assembly. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling the driven tool with the elongated extension member such that rotation of the elongated extension member drives rotation of the driven tool. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the light assembly with the elongated extension member comprises inserting a proximal end of the sheath over a distal end of the elongated extension member. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching a proximal end of the elongated extension member to a driving mechanism. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a ratchet. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the driven tool comprises a socket. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning the driven tool within the target area while grasping the light attachment assembly is performed while the light source of the light attachment assembly is activated. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling the light attachment assembly with the elongated extension member further comprises slidably coupling the light attachment assembly with the elongated extension member. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising sliding the light attachment assembly along the elongated extension member. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the light attachment assembly further comprises a flashlight extending along a second longitudinal axis, wherein the second longitudinal axis and the first longitudinal axis define the offset distance. 11. A light attachment assembly configured to selectively couple to an elongated extension tool, the light attachment assembly comprising:
(a) an elongated sheath extending along a first longitudinal axis between a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the elongated sheath defines a through hole extending between the proximal end and the distal end, wherein the through hole is dimensioned to slidably receive the elongated extension tool such that the light attachment assembly may rotate and translated relative to at least a portion of the elongated extension tool; (b) a light source extending along a second longitudinal axis, wherein the light source is configured to transition between an activated state and a deactivated state; and (c) a clamping assembly configured to fix the elongated sheath with the light source, wherein the clamping assembly comprises:
(i) a first body, wherein the first body comprises a first sheath clamping surface and a first light source clamping surface, and
(ii) a second body, wherein the second body comprises a second sheath clamping surface and a second light source clamping surface,
wherein the first sheath clamping surface and the second sheath clamping surface are configured to cooperatively engage the elongated sheath to fix the elongated sheath relative to the clamping assembly, wherein the first light source clamping surface and the second light source clamping surface are configured to cooperatively engage the light source to fix the light source relative to the clamping assembly, thereby fixing the light source relative to the elongated sheath. 12. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the clamping assembly further comprises a set screw configured to couple the first body and the second body such that the clamping assembly may fix the light source relative to the elongated sheath. 13. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the elongated sheath is adjustable along the first longitudinal axis relative to the clamping assembly. 14. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the light source is adjustable along the second longitudinal axis relative to the clamping assembly. 15. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the elongated sheath is longer than the clamping assembly. 16. The light attachment assembly of claim 11, wherein the light source comprises an activation button. 17. A light attachment assembly configured to selectively couple to an elongated extension tool, the light attachment assembly comprising:
(a) an elongated sheath extending along a sheath axis, wherein the elongated sheath defines a hollow portion dimensioned to slidably and rotatably couple with the elongated extension tool, wherein the elongated sheath is configured to remain rotationally stable as the elongated extension tool, while coupled with the elongated sheath, is rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated extension tool; and (b) a light source configured to transition between an activated state and a deactivated state, wherein the light source is coupled with the elongated sheath such that the light source is configured to rotate and slide along with the elongated sheath relative to the elongated extension tool; and 18. The light attachment assembly of claim 17, further comprising a clamping assembly configured to selectively fix the elongated sheath with the light source. 19. The light attachment assembly of claim 18, wherein the clamping assembly further comprises a first complementary clamping body, a second complementary clamping body, and a set screw configured to attach the first complementary clamping body with the second complementary clamping body. 20. The light attachment assembly of claim 17, wherein the elongated sheath comprises a tubular body. | 2,100 |
343,243 | 16,802,668 | 2,148 | Remote starting of engines of motor vehicles in a fleet is allowed when the motor vehicles are within an area bounded by a geofence and certain mandatory vehicle-specific data parameters are satisfied, but is disallowed when any motor vehicle is outside the geofenced area or any of its mandatory vehicle-specific is non-compliant for engine starting. | 1. A system for selectively allowing and disallowing starting of an engine which propels a motor vehicle, the system comprising:
geofence data defining geographic co-ordinates data for an outdoor area; and a processing system for processing data, the processing system being operable to process the geofence data, geographic co-ordinate data for the location of a motor vehicle, and mandatory vehicle-specific data for the motor vehicle and allow starting of an engine of the motor vehicle when A) the processing of the geofence data and the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle discloses that the motor vehicle is within the outdoor area and B) the processing of the mandatory vehicle-specific data for the motor vehicle discloses that the mandatory vehicle-specific data is compliant with allowing engine starting, and the processing system being operable to disallow starting of the engine when C) the processing of the geofence data and the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle discloses that the motor vehicle is not within the outdoor area or D) the processing of the mandatory vehicle-specific data for the motor vehicle discloses that any mandatory vehicle-specific data is non-compliant with allowing engine starting. 2. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system is operable to disable an ignition switch in the vehicle from starting the engine when the engine is not running. 3. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system is operable to disable an engine cranking motor from cranking the engine when the engine is not running. 4. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system enables an engine start command to be given to an engine starting strategy in the motor vehicle when engine starting is allowed. 5. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system is in wireless communication with a telematic device in the motor vehicle for E) wireless transmission of the vehicle's location and mandatory vehicle-specific data to the processing system and F) wireless transmission of an engine start command to the telematic device for remote starting of the engine. 6. The system as set forth in claim 1 including an ECU for detecting the engine having been started and running under its own power, and a timer for measuring engine running time. 7. The system as set forth in claim 6 in which the ECU is operable to shut off the engine after a preset engine running time has elapsed. 8. The system as set forth in claim 6 including an engine temperature sensor, and in which the ECU is operable to shut off the engine after the engine has reached a preset engine operating temperature. 9. The system as set forth in claim 6 including one or more fuel sensors for measuring quantity of fuel in one or more vehicle fuel tanks and an ECU for shutting off the engine when total fuel remaining in one or more fuel tanks is below a low fuel limit. 10. The system as set forth in claim 5 in which the motor vehicle has an engine cranking motor which starts upon receipt of an engine start command and a crank timer for measuring engine cranking time. 11. The system as set forth in claim 10 in which the ECU is operable to discontinue operation of the engine cranking motor after a preset engine cranking time has elapsed. 12. The system as set forth in claim 5 in which the mandatory vehicle-specific data comprises one or more of: the engine not running; a hood of an engine compartment of the vehicle being latched closed; a transmission in a drivetrain of the vehicle not being in a drive gear; and vehicle battery voltage for engine cranking being at least as great as rated battery voltage. 13. The system as set forth in claim 5 in which the vehicle has a switch for enabling and disabling remote starting, and the mandatory vehicle-specific data further comprises data disclosing that remote starting is enabled. 14. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the engine has an engine starting system for cranking and fueling the engine, and further comprises a control for selectively locking the engine starting system to prevent engine starting after the engine has been shut off and processing of the geofence data and the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle discloses that the motor vehicle is within the outdoor area. 15. The system as set forth in claim 14 in which an ignition switch in the vehicle is disabled when the control is locking the engine starting system. 16. The system as set forth in claim 14 in which an engine cranking motor which starts upon receipt of an engine start command is disabled by the control locking the engine starting system. 17. A system for selectively locking an engine starting system of an engine in a motor vehicle to prevent engine starting after the engine has been shut off, the system comprising:
geofence data defining geographic co-ordinates data for an outdoor area; and a processing system for processing data, the processing system being operable to process the geofence data and geographic co-ordinate data for the location of a motor vehicle, and when the processing of the geofence data, the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle, and other data discloses that the motor vehicle is within the outdoor area and the engine is not running, enables a control to selectively lock an engine starting system to disallow engine starting and unlocking the engine starting system to allow engine starting. 18. The system as set forth in claim 17 in which an ignition switch in the vehicle is disabled when the control is locking the engine. 19. The system as set forth in claim 17 in which an engine cranking motor which starts upon receipt of an engine start command is disabled when the control is locking the engine. | Remote starting of engines of motor vehicles in a fleet is allowed when the motor vehicles are within an area bounded by a geofence and certain mandatory vehicle-specific data parameters are satisfied, but is disallowed when any motor vehicle is outside the geofenced area or any of its mandatory vehicle-specific is non-compliant for engine starting.1. A system for selectively allowing and disallowing starting of an engine which propels a motor vehicle, the system comprising:
geofence data defining geographic co-ordinates data for an outdoor area; and a processing system for processing data, the processing system being operable to process the geofence data, geographic co-ordinate data for the location of a motor vehicle, and mandatory vehicle-specific data for the motor vehicle and allow starting of an engine of the motor vehicle when A) the processing of the geofence data and the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle discloses that the motor vehicle is within the outdoor area and B) the processing of the mandatory vehicle-specific data for the motor vehicle discloses that the mandatory vehicle-specific data is compliant with allowing engine starting, and the processing system being operable to disallow starting of the engine when C) the processing of the geofence data and the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle discloses that the motor vehicle is not within the outdoor area or D) the processing of the mandatory vehicle-specific data for the motor vehicle discloses that any mandatory vehicle-specific data is non-compliant with allowing engine starting. 2. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system is operable to disable an ignition switch in the vehicle from starting the engine when the engine is not running. 3. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system is operable to disable an engine cranking motor from cranking the engine when the engine is not running. 4. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system enables an engine start command to be given to an engine starting strategy in the motor vehicle when engine starting is allowed. 5. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the processing system is in wireless communication with a telematic device in the motor vehicle for E) wireless transmission of the vehicle's location and mandatory vehicle-specific data to the processing system and F) wireless transmission of an engine start command to the telematic device for remote starting of the engine. 6. The system as set forth in claim 1 including an ECU for detecting the engine having been started and running under its own power, and a timer for measuring engine running time. 7. The system as set forth in claim 6 in which the ECU is operable to shut off the engine after a preset engine running time has elapsed. 8. The system as set forth in claim 6 including an engine temperature sensor, and in which the ECU is operable to shut off the engine after the engine has reached a preset engine operating temperature. 9. The system as set forth in claim 6 including one or more fuel sensors for measuring quantity of fuel in one or more vehicle fuel tanks and an ECU for shutting off the engine when total fuel remaining in one or more fuel tanks is below a low fuel limit. 10. The system as set forth in claim 5 in which the motor vehicle has an engine cranking motor which starts upon receipt of an engine start command and a crank timer for measuring engine cranking time. 11. The system as set forth in claim 10 in which the ECU is operable to discontinue operation of the engine cranking motor after a preset engine cranking time has elapsed. 12. The system as set forth in claim 5 in which the mandatory vehicle-specific data comprises one or more of: the engine not running; a hood of an engine compartment of the vehicle being latched closed; a transmission in a drivetrain of the vehicle not being in a drive gear; and vehicle battery voltage for engine cranking being at least as great as rated battery voltage. 13. The system as set forth in claim 5 in which the vehicle has a switch for enabling and disabling remote starting, and the mandatory vehicle-specific data further comprises data disclosing that remote starting is enabled. 14. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the engine has an engine starting system for cranking and fueling the engine, and further comprises a control for selectively locking the engine starting system to prevent engine starting after the engine has been shut off and processing of the geofence data and the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle discloses that the motor vehicle is within the outdoor area. 15. The system as set forth in claim 14 in which an ignition switch in the vehicle is disabled when the control is locking the engine starting system. 16. The system as set forth in claim 14 in which an engine cranking motor which starts upon receipt of an engine start command is disabled by the control locking the engine starting system. 17. A system for selectively locking an engine starting system of an engine in a motor vehicle to prevent engine starting after the engine has been shut off, the system comprising:
geofence data defining geographic co-ordinates data for an outdoor area; and a processing system for processing data, the processing system being operable to process the geofence data and geographic co-ordinate data for the location of a motor vehicle, and when the processing of the geofence data, the geographic co-ordinates data for the location of the motor vehicle, and other data discloses that the motor vehicle is within the outdoor area and the engine is not running, enables a control to selectively lock an engine starting system to disallow engine starting and unlocking the engine starting system to allow engine starting. 18. The system as set forth in claim 17 in which an ignition switch in the vehicle is disabled when the control is locking the engine. 19. The system as set forth in claim 17 in which an engine cranking motor which starts upon receipt of an engine start command is disabled when the control is locking the engine. | 2,100 |
343,244 | 16,802,650 | 2,148 | An information processing apparatus includes a controller configured to determine to pack a plurality of first packages, of which the recipients satisfy a predetermined condition, together to obtain a second package and deliver the second package, to determine a representative, who undertakes to receive the second package as a representative and to hand over the first packages to the recipients respectively, from users satisfying the predetermined condition, to make a request for delivery of the second package to the representative, to receive notification indicating that delivery of the first packages is finished from a user terminal of the representative, and to give an incentive at least to the representative in a case where the notification indicating that the delivery is finished is received. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising a controller configured to
determine to pack a plurality of first packages, of which recipients satisfy a predetermined condition, together to obtain a second package and deliver the second package, determine a representative, who undertakes to receive the second package as a representative and to hand over the first packages to the recipients respectively, from users satisfying the predetermined condition, make a request for delivery of the second package to the representative, receive notification indicating that delivery of the first packages is finished from a user terminal of the representative, and give an incentive at least to the representative in a case where the notification indicating that the delivery is finished is received. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller re-selects a new representative, who receives the second package as a representative, from the users satisfying the predetermined condition in a case where it is detected that the representative is not able to receive the second package. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller transmits a reminder to the user terminal of the representative in a case where it is not detected that delivery of the first packages included in the second package is finished even after a predetermined time elapses from a time at which the representative receives the second package. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition is a condition that places of residence of the users including recipients of packages are within a predetermined area. 5. An information processing method comprising:
determining to pack a plurality of first packages, of which recipients satisfy a predetermined condition, together to obtain a second package and deliver the second package; determining a representative, who undertakes to receive the second package as a representative and to hand over the first packages to the recipients respectively, from users satisfying the predetermined condition; making a request for delivery of the second package to the representative; receiving notification indicating that delivery of the first packages is finished from a user terminal of the representative; and giving an incentive at least to the representative in a case where the notification indicating that the delivery is finished is received. | An information processing apparatus includes a controller configured to determine to pack a plurality of first packages, of which the recipients satisfy a predetermined condition, together to obtain a second package and deliver the second package, to determine a representative, who undertakes to receive the second package as a representative and to hand over the first packages to the recipients respectively, from users satisfying the predetermined condition, to make a request for delivery of the second package to the representative, to receive notification indicating that delivery of the first packages is finished from a user terminal of the representative, and to give an incentive at least to the representative in a case where the notification indicating that the delivery is finished is received.1. An information processing apparatus comprising a controller configured to
determine to pack a plurality of first packages, of which recipients satisfy a predetermined condition, together to obtain a second package and deliver the second package, determine a representative, who undertakes to receive the second package as a representative and to hand over the first packages to the recipients respectively, from users satisfying the predetermined condition, make a request for delivery of the second package to the representative, receive notification indicating that delivery of the first packages is finished from a user terminal of the representative, and give an incentive at least to the representative in a case where the notification indicating that the delivery is finished is received. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller re-selects a new representative, who receives the second package as a representative, from the users satisfying the predetermined condition in a case where it is detected that the representative is not able to receive the second package. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller transmits a reminder to the user terminal of the representative in a case where it is not detected that delivery of the first packages included in the second package is finished even after a predetermined time elapses from a time at which the representative receives the second package. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition is a condition that places of residence of the users including recipients of packages are within a predetermined area. 5. An information processing method comprising:
determining to pack a plurality of first packages, of which recipients satisfy a predetermined condition, together to obtain a second package and deliver the second package; determining a representative, who undertakes to receive the second package as a representative and to hand over the first packages to the recipients respectively, from users satisfying the predetermined condition; making a request for delivery of the second package to the representative; receiving notification indicating that delivery of the first packages is finished from a user terminal of the representative; and giving an incentive at least to the representative in a case where the notification indicating that the delivery is finished is received. | 2,100 |
343,245 | 16,802,636 | 2,148 | A conductive fabric filter includes a non-woven fabric coated with copper by electroless plating, and the non-woven fabric has pores and is conductive. | 1. A conductive fabric filter comprising:
a non-woven fabric coated with copper by electroless plating, wherein the non-woven fabric has pores and is conductive. 2. The conductive fabric filter of claim 1, wherein
the non-woven fabric is polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, a synthetic resin material of acryl, or a composite synthetic fiber thereof. 3. The conductive fabric filter of claim 1, wherein
the copper is one of pure copper, brass, bronze, or neo-copper. 4. The conductive fabric filter of claim 3, wherein
the neo-copper (neo CU) may be a metal obtained by laminating copper to a zinc-based metal. 5. The conductive fabric filter of claim 1, wherein
the pores have the same size as pores contained in the non-woven fabric before being coated with copper. 6. A method of manufacturing a conductive fabric filter, the method comprising:
an etching operation of removing an oxide film from a surface of a non-woven fabric and forming uniform surface roughness; a conditioning operation of removing an oxide film from the surface of the non-woven fabric and adsorbing a positive charge to facilitate adsorption of palladium (Pd); a pre-dipping operation of removing an oxide film generated in the etching operation or the conditioning operation and allowing palladium to be easily adsorbed to the surface of the non-woven fabric; a catalytic reaction operating of adsorbing palladium in a negative charge state to the surface of the non-woven fabric charged with the positive charge; a reduction operation of changing palladium adsorbed in the negative charge state into metal palladium with a reducing agent solution; and a chemical copper plating operation of plating the surface of the non-woven fabric with palladium adsorbed thereto with copper to have a predetermined thickness to endow conductivity. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein
pores included in the non-woven fabric are maintained using an air discharge part between the etching operation, the conditioning operation, the pre-dipping operation, the catalysis reaction operation, the reduction operation, and the chemical copper plating operation. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein
the etching operation is performed at 70° C. for 60 seconds, the conditioning operation is performed at 50° C. for 90 seconds, the pre-dipping operation is performed at 25° C. for 30 seconds, the catalysis reaction operation is performed at 45° C. for 90 seconds, the reduction operation is performed at 35° C. for 45 seconds, and the chemical copper plating operation is performed at 45° C. for 300 seconds. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein
the copper is one of pure copper, brass, bronze, or neo-copper. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein
the neo-copper (neo CU) is a metal obtained by laminating copper to a zinc-based metal. 11. An electric dust collector comprising:
the conductive fabric filter according to claim 1; and a housing part including an inlet through which air including a foreign material flows in, an outlet through which air without the foreign material is discharged, and a seating portion in which a plurality of conductive fabric filters are seated and spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval between the inlet and the outlet, wherein constant voltages having different polarities are applied to the plurality of conductive fabric filters facing each other. 12. The electric dust collector of claim 11, wherein
in fine dust contained in the air, fine particles assuming the positive (+) electric charge, while passing through the pores of the conductive fabric filter, is adsorbed to the conductive fabric filter to which the negative (−) electric charge and fine particles assuming the negative (−) electric charge, while passing through the pores of the conductive fabric filter, is adsorbed to the conductive fabric filter to which the positive (+) electric charge. 13. The electric dust collector of claim 11, wherein
the constant voltages are DC 1V to 12V. | A conductive fabric filter includes a non-woven fabric coated with copper by electroless plating, and the non-woven fabric has pores and is conductive.1. A conductive fabric filter comprising:
a non-woven fabric coated with copper by electroless plating, wherein the non-woven fabric has pores and is conductive. 2. The conductive fabric filter of claim 1, wherein
the non-woven fabric is polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, a synthetic resin material of acryl, or a composite synthetic fiber thereof. 3. The conductive fabric filter of claim 1, wherein
the copper is one of pure copper, brass, bronze, or neo-copper. 4. The conductive fabric filter of claim 3, wherein
the neo-copper (neo CU) may be a metal obtained by laminating copper to a zinc-based metal. 5. The conductive fabric filter of claim 1, wherein
the pores have the same size as pores contained in the non-woven fabric before being coated with copper. 6. A method of manufacturing a conductive fabric filter, the method comprising:
an etching operation of removing an oxide film from a surface of a non-woven fabric and forming uniform surface roughness; a conditioning operation of removing an oxide film from the surface of the non-woven fabric and adsorbing a positive charge to facilitate adsorption of palladium (Pd); a pre-dipping operation of removing an oxide film generated in the etching operation or the conditioning operation and allowing palladium to be easily adsorbed to the surface of the non-woven fabric; a catalytic reaction operating of adsorbing palladium in a negative charge state to the surface of the non-woven fabric charged with the positive charge; a reduction operation of changing palladium adsorbed in the negative charge state into metal palladium with a reducing agent solution; and a chemical copper plating operation of plating the surface of the non-woven fabric with palladium adsorbed thereto with copper to have a predetermined thickness to endow conductivity. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein
pores included in the non-woven fabric are maintained using an air discharge part between the etching operation, the conditioning operation, the pre-dipping operation, the catalysis reaction operation, the reduction operation, and the chemical copper plating operation. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein
the etching operation is performed at 70° C. for 60 seconds, the conditioning operation is performed at 50° C. for 90 seconds, the pre-dipping operation is performed at 25° C. for 30 seconds, the catalysis reaction operation is performed at 45° C. for 90 seconds, the reduction operation is performed at 35° C. for 45 seconds, and the chemical copper plating operation is performed at 45° C. for 300 seconds. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein
the copper is one of pure copper, brass, bronze, or neo-copper. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein
the neo-copper (neo CU) is a metal obtained by laminating copper to a zinc-based metal. 11. An electric dust collector comprising:
the conductive fabric filter according to claim 1; and a housing part including an inlet through which air including a foreign material flows in, an outlet through which air without the foreign material is discharged, and a seating portion in which a plurality of conductive fabric filters are seated and spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval between the inlet and the outlet, wherein constant voltages having different polarities are applied to the plurality of conductive fabric filters facing each other. 12. The electric dust collector of claim 11, wherein
in fine dust contained in the air, fine particles assuming the positive (+) electric charge, while passing through the pores of the conductive fabric filter, is adsorbed to the conductive fabric filter to which the negative (−) electric charge and fine particles assuming the negative (−) electric charge, while passing through the pores of the conductive fabric filter, is adsorbed to the conductive fabric filter to which the positive (+) electric charge. 13. The electric dust collector of claim 11, wherein
the constant voltages are DC 1V to 12V. | 2,100 |
343,246 | 16,802,666 | 2,148 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member includes a base and a particle-resistant layer. The base includes a first surface, a second surface crossing the first surface, and an edge portion connecting the first surface and the second surface. The particle-resistant layer includes a polycrystalline ceramic and covering the first surface, the second surface, and the edge portion. The particle-resistant layer includes a first particle-resistant layer provided at the edge portion, and a second particle-resistant layer provided at the first surface. A particle resistance of the first particle-resistant layer is higher than a particle resistance of the second particle-resistant layer. | 1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member, comprising:
a base including a first surface, a second surface crossing the first surface, and an edge portion connecting the first surface and the second surface; and a particle-resistant layer including a polycrystalline ceramic and covering the first surface, the second surface, and the edge portion, the particle-resistant layer including
a first particle-resistant layer provided at the edge portion, and
a second particle-resistant layer provided at the first surface,
a particle resistance of the first particle-resistant layer being higher than a particle resistance of the second particle-resistant layer. 2. The member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a rare-earth element, a fluoride of a rare-earth element, and an acid fluoride of a rare-earth element. 3. The member according to claim 2, wherein the rare-earth element is at least one type selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu, La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. 4. The member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic calculated using a TEM image having a magnification of 400,000 times to 2,000,000 times is not less than 3 nm and not more than 50 nm. 5. The member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic in the first particle-resistant layer calculated using a TEM image having a magnification of 400,000 times to 2,000,000 times is smaller than an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic in the second particle-resistant layer calculated using a TEM image having a magnification of 400,000 times to 2,000,000 times. 6. The member according to claim 1, wherein the first particle-resistant layer and the second particle-resistant layer each have arithmetic average heights Sa of 0.060 or less after a reference plasma resistance test. 7. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a chamber; the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1; and an electrostatic chuck, the chamber including an interior wall forming a space where plasma is generated, the interior wall including a lower interior wall where the electrostatic chuck is disposed, and an upper interior wall disposed higher than the lower interior wall, the particle-resistant layer of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member being included in at least a portion of the upper interior wall. 8. A display manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member includes a base and a particle-resistant layer. The base includes a first surface, a second surface crossing the first surface, and an edge portion connecting the first surface and the second surface. The particle-resistant layer includes a polycrystalline ceramic and covering the first surface, the second surface, and the edge portion. The particle-resistant layer includes a first particle-resistant layer provided at the edge portion, and a second particle-resistant layer provided at the first surface. A particle resistance of the first particle-resistant layer is higher than a particle resistance of the second particle-resistant layer.1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member, comprising:
a base including a first surface, a second surface crossing the first surface, and an edge portion connecting the first surface and the second surface; and a particle-resistant layer including a polycrystalline ceramic and covering the first surface, the second surface, and the edge portion, the particle-resistant layer including
a first particle-resistant layer provided at the edge portion, and
a second particle-resistant layer provided at the first surface,
a particle resistance of the first particle-resistant layer being higher than a particle resistance of the second particle-resistant layer. 2. The member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a rare-earth element, a fluoride of a rare-earth element, and an acid fluoride of a rare-earth element. 3. The member according to claim 2, wherein the rare-earth element is at least one type selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu, La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. 4. The member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic calculated using a TEM image having a magnification of 400,000 times to 2,000,000 times is not less than 3 nm and not more than 50 nm. 5. The member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic in the first particle-resistant layer calculated using a TEM image having a magnification of 400,000 times to 2,000,000 times is smaller than an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic in the second particle-resistant layer calculated using a TEM image having a magnification of 400,000 times to 2,000,000 times. 6. The member according to claim 1, wherein the first particle-resistant layer and the second particle-resistant layer each have arithmetic average heights Sa of 0.060 or less after a reference plasma resistance test. 7. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a chamber; the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1; and an electrostatic chuck, the chamber including an interior wall forming a space where plasma is generated, the interior wall including a lower interior wall where the electrostatic chuck is disposed, and an upper interior wall disposed higher than the lower interior wall, the particle-resistant layer of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member being included in at least a portion of the upper interior wall. 8. A display manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. | 2,100 |
343,247 | 16,802,639 | 2,148 | A method for controlling an induction coil on an induction hob involves a power generation for a primary power on the induction coil for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above the induction coil, which consumer has a receiver coil and an electrical load connected thereto, being adjusted. The induction coil forms a primary-side resonant circuit with a capacitance connected in series, and the induction coil and the receiver coil are coupled in the style of a transformer such that a current in the induction coil induces a voltage in the receiver coil with a flow of current and generation of the secondary power in the load of the electrical consumer. The control means can attempt to adjust the desired secondary power to a steady state using maximum modulation of the voltage effectively applied to the primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable. The primary power is decreased in a first step by virtue of the voltage effectively applied to the primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable, being decreased before the operating frequency as first manipulated variable is increased in a second, subsequent step. | 1. Method for controlling an induction coil to adjust a power generation for a primary power on said induction coil, wherein:
said induction coil is designed for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above said induction coil, said electrical consumer having a receiver coil and an electrical load connected to said receiver coil, control means for said power generation are provided, said induction coil forms a primary-side resonant circuit with a capacitance connected in series, said induction coil and said receiver coil are coupled in a style of a transformer such that a current in said induction coil induces a voltage in said receiver coil that causes a flow of current and hence a generation of a secondary power in said load of said electrical consumer, information pertaining to a desired secondary power on said load of said electrical consumer is prescribed for said control means of said induction coil, said control means of said induction coil have at least two manipulated variables by means of which they alter said generated primary power, namely an altering of an operating frequency for said primary-side resonant circuit as a first manipulated variable and an altering of a voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit as a second manipulated variable, said control means of said induction coil operate with a transfer function P(f) that has at least one local peak and that, at least locally, is such that decreasing said operating frequency leads to said primary power being higher and increasing said operating frequency leads to said primary power being lower, wherein said control means in a first mode of operation always attempt to adjust a desired secondary power to a steady state using a maximum modulation of said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable, in the following cases: in an event of a change in said desired secondary power or in an event of a difference between a measured secondary power and said desired secondary power caused by a change in said transformer-style coupling between said induction coil and said receiver coil and/or by a change in said electrical load brought about by integrated switching means in said electrical consumer, said primary power is increased by virtue of said control means decreasing said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable, said primary power is decreased by virtue of said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, being decreased in a first step before said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable is increased in a second, subsequent step. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein:
if said electrical consumer is moved and, as a result, said transformer-style coupling becomes lower and said primary-side resonant circuit is damped in a short time, said control means keep said primary-side current approximately constant at an initial level of said primary-side current of I_1 before said electrical consumer was moved, with a range of variation of ±5%, at constant operating frequency in a first step, wherein this is accomplished by reducing said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, wherein this results in said secondary power being generated being lower than said desired secondary power, said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable is then increased in a second step until said current in said induction coil has changed by no more than ±10% or said primary power differs from a value for said primary power at which said secondary power corresponds to said desired secondary power by no more than ±10%, said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable, is subsequently altered again such that said primary-side current has again reached its initial level of I_1 before said electrical consumer was moved or said desired secondary power has been obtained, said first aforementioned step and said second aforementioned step are then performed alternately until said measured secondary power is less than or equal to said desired secondary power or until a maximum possible voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, is reached. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein in said second step, when said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable is increased, a threshold for a change in said current in said induction coil or a threshold for a change in said primary power upward is lower than downward. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein information pertaining to a desired secondary power on said load of said electrical consumer is prescribed for said control means. 5. Method according to claim 4, wherein said electrical consumer sends said prescribed value for said power generation to said power generation. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein said power transmission is permanently effected at said maximum possible voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, wherein an effective voltage of maximum magnitude is applied to said induction coil at an arising operating frequency as said first manipulated variable. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein said increasing of said operating frequency is stopped each time as soon as a resulting change in said primary power reaches a threshold of +/−10%. 8. Method according to claim 2, wherein permanent operation of said induction coil to supply power to said electrical consumer is effected at an operating frequency at which a curve of the transfer function P(f) has a negative first derivative over said operating frequency. 9. Method for controlling an induction coil, in particular on an induction hob, to adjust a power generation for a primary power on said induction coil, wherein:
said induction coil is designed for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above said induction coil, which electrical consumer has a receiver coil and an electrical load connected thereto, control means for said power generation are provided, said induction coil forms a primary-side resonant circuit with a capacitance connected in series, said induction coil and said receiver coil are coupled in a style of a transformer such that a current in said induction coil induces a voltage in said receiver coil that causes a flow of current and hence a generation of said secondary power in said load of said electrical consumer, information pertaining to a desired secondary power on said load of said electrical consumer is prescribed for said control means of said induction coil, said control means of said induction coil have at least two manipulated variables by means of which they alter said generated primary power, namely an altering of an operating frequency for said primary-side resonant circuit as a first manipulated variable and an altering of a voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit as a second manipulated variable, said control means of said induction coil operate with a transfer function P(f) that has at least one local peak and that, at least locally, is such that decreasing said operating frequency leads to a higher primary power and increasing said operating frequency leads to a lower primary power, wherein
dynamic limiting of a current through said induction coil is effected,
a limit is +10% of a present current value, wherein said limit must not be exceeded for a period of more than 1 sec, and otherwise said power generation on said induction coil is switched off or said current is reduced to a value at least 50% below said present current value,
said current is reduced by virtue of said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, being reduced. 10. Method according to claim 9, wherein said limit is regularly corrected every 8 msec to 500 msec. 11. Method according to claim 9, wherein said current through said induction coil is measured by means of comparators that directly influence a driver for power semiconductors as control means for said induction coil. 12. Method according to claim 9, wherein a power generation with a half-bridge circuit for said induction coil involves a current peak being measured as current, which current peak is generated by precisely one power switch of said half-bridge circuit, said power switch having a shorter ON time in comparison with another power switch of said half-bridge circuit. 13. Method according to claim 1, wherein multiple induction coils in an induction hob are controlled using said method, wherein an operating frequency to increase said primary power of one of said induction coils is not reduced continuously but is reduced in steps or stages. 14. Method according to claim 13, wherein a change in said operating frequency of one said induction coils is synchronized together with those changes of said operating frequency of other said induction coils. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein an operating frequency is used that is above said operating frequency at which said transfer function P(f) has its local peak. 16. Induction coil apparatus having at least one induction coil designed for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above said induction coil, which electrical consumer has a receiver coil and an electrical load connected thereto, wherein said induction coil apparatus:
has control means for a power generation for a primary power on said induction coil, has a capacitance that is connected in series with said induction coil and forms a primary-side resonant circuit, has a controller designed to perform the method according to claim 1, wherein: said induction coil and said receiver coil are coupled in the style of a transformer such that a current in said induction coil induces a voltage in said receiver coil that causes a flow of current and hence a generation of a secondary power in said load of said electrical consumer, said control means of said induction coil have at least two manipulated variables by means of which they alter said generated primary power, namely an altering of an operating frequency for said primary-side resonant circuit as a first manipulated variable and an altering of a voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit as a second manipulated variable, said control means of said induction coil are designed such that they operate with a transfer function P(f) that has at least one local peak and that, at least locally, is such that decreasing said operating frequency leads to a higher primary power and increasing said operating frequency leads to a lower primary power. | A method for controlling an induction coil on an induction hob involves a power generation for a primary power on the induction coil for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above the induction coil, which consumer has a receiver coil and an electrical load connected thereto, being adjusted. The induction coil forms a primary-side resonant circuit with a capacitance connected in series, and the induction coil and the receiver coil are coupled in the style of a transformer such that a current in the induction coil induces a voltage in the receiver coil with a flow of current and generation of the secondary power in the load of the electrical consumer. The control means can attempt to adjust the desired secondary power to a steady state using maximum modulation of the voltage effectively applied to the primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable. The primary power is decreased in a first step by virtue of the voltage effectively applied to the primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable, being decreased before the operating frequency as first manipulated variable is increased in a second, subsequent step.1. Method for controlling an induction coil to adjust a power generation for a primary power on said induction coil, wherein:
said induction coil is designed for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above said induction coil, said electrical consumer having a receiver coil and an electrical load connected to said receiver coil, control means for said power generation are provided, said induction coil forms a primary-side resonant circuit with a capacitance connected in series, said induction coil and said receiver coil are coupled in a style of a transformer such that a current in said induction coil induces a voltage in said receiver coil that causes a flow of current and hence a generation of a secondary power in said load of said electrical consumer, information pertaining to a desired secondary power on said load of said electrical consumer is prescribed for said control means of said induction coil, said control means of said induction coil have at least two manipulated variables by means of which they alter said generated primary power, namely an altering of an operating frequency for said primary-side resonant circuit as a first manipulated variable and an altering of a voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit as a second manipulated variable, said control means of said induction coil operate with a transfer function P(f) that has at least one local peak and that, at least locally, is such that decreasing said operating frequency leads to said primary power being higher and increasing said operating frequency leads to said primary power being lower, wherein said control means in a first mode of operation always attempt to adjust a desired secondary power to a steady state using a maximum modulation of said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable, in the following cases: in an event of a change in said desired secondary power or in an event of a difference between a measured secondary power and said desired secondary power caused by a change in said transformer-style coupling between said induction coil and said receiver coil and/or by a change in said electrical load brought about by integrated switching means in said electrical consumer, said primary power is increased by virtue of said control means decreasing said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable, said primary power is decreased by virtue of said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, being decreased in a first step before said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable is increased in a second, subsequent step. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein:
if said electrical consumer is moved and, as a result, said transformer-style coupling becomes lower and said primary-side resonant circuit is damped in a short time, said control means keep said primary-side current approximately constant at an initial level of said primary-side current of I_1 before said electrical consumer was moved, with a range of variation of ±5%, at constant operating frequency in a first step, wherein this is accomplished by reducing said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, wherein this results in said secondary power being generated being lower than said desired secondary power, said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable is then increased in a second step until said current in said induction coil has changed by no more than ±10% or said primary power differs from a value for said primary power at which said secondary power corresponds to said desired secondary power by no more than ±10%, said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as second manipulated variable, is subsequently altered again such that said primary-side current has again reached its initial level of I_1 before said electrical consumer was moved or said desired secondary power has been obtained, said first aforementioned step and said second aforementioned step are then performed alternately until said measured secondary power is less than or equal to said desired secondary power or until a maximum possible voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, is reached. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein in said second step, when said operating frequency as said first manipulated variable is increased, a threshold for a change in said current in said induction coil or a threshold for a change in said primary power upward is lower than downward. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein information pertaining to a desired secondary power on said load of said electrical consumer is prescribed for said control means. 5. Method according to claim 4, wherein said electrical consumer sends said prescribed value for said power generation to said power generation. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein said power transmission is permanently effected at said maximum possible voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, wherein an effective voltage of maximum magnitude is applied to said induction coil at an arising operating frequency as said first manipulated variable. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein said increasing of said operating frequency is stopped each time as soon as a resulting change in said primary power reaches a threshold of +/−10%. 8. Method according to claim 2, wherein permanent operation of said induction coil to supply power to said electrical consumer is effected at an operating frequency at which a curve of the transfer function P(f) has a negative first derivative over said operating frequency. 9. Method for controlling an induction coil, in particular on an induction hob, to adjust a power generation for a primary power on said induction coil, wherein:
said induction coil is designed for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above said induction coil, which electrical consumer has a receiver coil and an electrical load connected thereto, control means for said power generation are provided, said induction coil forms a primary-side resonant circuit with a capacitance connected in series, said induction coil and said receiver coil are coupled in a style of a transformer such that a current in said induction coil induces a voltage in said receiver coil that causes a flow of current and hence a generation of said secondary power in said load of said electrical consumer, information pertaining to a desired secondary power on said load of said electrical consumer is prescribed for said control means of said induction coil, said control means of said induction coil have at least two manipulated variables by means of which they alter said generated primary power, namely an altering of an operating frequency for said primary-side resonant circuit as a first manipulated variable and an altering of a voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit as a second manipulated variable, said control means of said induction coil operate with a transfer function P(f) that has at least one local peak and that, at least locally, is such that decreasing said operating frequency leads to a higher primary power and increasing said operating frequency leads to a lower primary power, wherein
dynamic limiting of a current through said induction coil is effected,
a limit is +10% of a present current value, wherein said limit must not be exceeded for a period of more than 1 sec, and otherwise said power generation on said induction coil is switched off or said current is reduced to a value at least 50% below said present current value,
said current is reduced by virtue of said voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit, as said second manipulated variable, being reduced. 10. Method according to claim 9, wherein said limit is regularly corrected every 8 msec to 500 msec. 11. Method according to claim 9, wherein said current through said induction coil is measured by means of comparators that directly influence a driver for power semiconductors as control means for said induction coil. 12. Method according to claim 9, wherein a power generation with a half-bridge circuit for said induction coil involves a current peak being measured as current, which current peak is generated by precisely one power switch of said half-bridge circuit, said power switch having a shorter ON time in comparison with another power switch of said half-bridge circuit. 13. Method according to claim 1, wherein multiple induction coils in an induction hob are controlled using said method, wherein an operating frequency to increase said primary power of one of said induction coils is not reduced continuously but is reduced in steps or stages. 14. Method according to claim 13, wherein a change in said operating frequency of one said induction coils is synchronized together with those changes of said operating frequency of other said induction coils. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein an operating frequency is used that is above said operating frequency at which said transfer function P(f) has its local peak. 16. Induction coil apparatus having at least one induction coil designed for power transmission to an electrical consumer put onto a cover above said induction coil, which electrical consumer has a receiver coil and an electrical load connected thereto, wherein said induction coil apparatus:
has control means for a power generation for a primary power on said induction coil, has a capacitance that is connected in series with said induction coil and forms a primary-side resonant circuit, has a controller designed to perform the method according to claim 1, wherein: said induction coil and said receiver coil are coupled in the style of a transformer such that a current in said induction coil induces a voltage in said receiver coil that causes a flow of current and hence a generation of a secondary power in said load of said electrical consumer, said control means of said induction coil have at least two manipulated variables by means of which they alter said generated primary power, namely an altering of an operating frequency for said primary-side resonant circuit as a first manipulated variable and an altering of a voltage effectively applied to said primary-side resonant circuit as a second manipulated variable, said control means of said induction coil are designed such that they operate with a transfer function P(f) that has at least one local peak and that, at least locally, is such that decreasing said operating frequency leads to a higher primary power and increasing said operating frequency leads to a lower primary power. | 2,100 |
343,248 | 16,802,648 | 2,684 | A portable thermal insulated apparatus for cooling or heating items stored therein. The thermal insulated apparatus includes a container having a lid that removably secures to an open first end thereof and a reservoir unit that removably secures to an open second end. The container includes an inner tube and an outer tube forming an insulated double-wall sealed at both ends in which the lid and reservoir unit can be connected thereto. The reservoir unit removably receives a thermal unit that provides cooling or heating to the contents of the container when affixed thereto. The thermal unit is separable from the reservoir unit, such that the thermal units are interchangeable as needed. In some embodiments, the thermal unit is directly securable to the lid and the second end of the container is permanently sealed. | 1. A portable thermal insulated apparatus, comprising:
a container having an open first end and an open second end forming an interior; a reservoir unit configured to removably secure to the open second end of the container thereby forming a sealed bottom; the reservoir unit configured to receive a thermal unit; the thermal unit configured to maintain the interior of the container at a desired temperature, wherein the thermal unit is dimensioned to be removably secured to the reservoir unit; wherein the thermal unit includes an upper end forming a shelf within the container adapted to directly receive a stored item thereon when the reservoir unit is secured to the second end of the container. 2. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lid configured to removably cover the open first end of the container via a lid fastener. 3. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lid comprises a lid aperture adapted to allow fluid to pass therethrough. 4. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lid comprises a handle disposed on an upper side of the lid forming an opening between an upper portion of the handle and the upper side of the lid, wherein the upper portion of the handle includes a cross member that extends between a pair of vertical members, the pair of vertical members extending from the upper side of the lid on a perimeter edge of the lid and on opposing sides thereof, wherein the cross member angles towards the upper side at a middle portion of the cross member. 5. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the container comprises an inner tube and an outer tube coaxially aligned and secured to one another having a vacuum space therebetween, wherein the vacuum space extends between the open first end and the open second end of the container. 6. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 5, wherein the inner tube comprises a fastener for removably securing the reservoir unit thereto. 7. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 5, wherein an upper end and lower end of the inner tube protrude radially outward and rest along an interior of the outer tube when secured to one another. 8. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reservoir unit comprises a centrally disposed recess formed by a sidewall extending annularly about a base, the recess is configured to receive the thermal unit therein. 9. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sidewall includes a reservoir fastener disposed on an exterior side thereof, wherein the reservoir fastener is configured to threadedly secure to the container and form a seal therewith. 10. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reservoir unit comprises a shoulder extending annularly around the sidewall and on a same plane as the base, wherein the shoulder and base forms a part of an exterior side of the portable thermal insulated apparatus. 11. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sidewall is entirely disposed within the container when the reservoir unit is affixed thereto. 12. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermal unit comprises a phase change material disposed therein and adapted to transition from a first state to a second state, wherein thermal energy is exothermic or endothermic. 13. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermal unit is inaccessible when the reservoir unit is secured to the second end of the container. 14. A portable thermal insulated apparatus, comprising:
a container having an open first end and a second end forming an interior, wherein the container is configured to store fluid within the interior; a lid removably securable to the open first end of the container, wherein the lid comprises an interior wall; a thermal unit removably securable to an interior side of the interior wall of the lid; the thermal unit configured to maintain the interior of the container at a desired temperature; wherein the thermal unit remains suspended from the lid when the lid is secured to the container. 15. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, wherein the lid comprises a lid aperture configured to allow fluid to pass therethrough and the thermal unit comprises a channel, such that when the thermal unit is secured to the lid, the lid aperture and channel are coaxially aligned to allow liquid to pass therethrough. 16. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, wherein the lid comprises a handle disposed on an upper side of the lid forming an opening between an upper portion of the handle and the upper side of the lid, wherein the upper portion of the handle includes a cross member that extends between a pair of vertical members, the pair of vertical members extending from the upper side of the lid on a perimeter edge of the lid and on opposing sides thereof, wherein the cross member angles towards the upper side at a middle portion of the cross member. 17. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a temperature sensor disposed within the container and a wireless transmitter configured to transmit a temperature of the interior of the container to an electronic device. 18. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 17, further comprising an application disposed on the electronic device configured to alert a user if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor falls outside of a desired threshold range. 19. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a fluid storage bottle having a bottle cap configured to removably cover an opening of the fluid storage bottle, wherein the fluid storage bottle is configured to hold fluid therein and dimensioned to be received within the interior such that the fluid storage bottle is positioned within the interior of the container and vertically aligned with the thermal unit when secured to the lid and the lid is secured to the container. 20. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 19, wherein a bottom surface of the thermal unit is in close tolerance to an upper surface of the bottle cap. | A portable thermal insulated apparatus for cooling or heating items stored therein. The thermal insulated apparatus includes a container having a lid that removably secures to an open first end thereof and a reservoir unit that removably secures to an open second end. The container includes an inner tube and an outer tube forming an insulated double-wall sealed at both ends in which the lid and reservoir unit can be connected thereto. The reservoir unit removably receives a thermal unit that provides cooling or heating to the contents of the container when affixed thereto. The thermal unit is separable from the reservoir unit, such that the thermal units are interchangeable as needed. In some embodiments, the thermal unit is directly securable to the lid and the second end of the container is permanently sealed.1. A portable thermal insulated apparatus, comprising:
a container having an open first end and an open second end forming an interior; a reservoir unit configured to removably secure to the open second end of the container thereby forming a sealed bottom; the reservoir unit configured to receive a thermal unit; the thermal unit configured to maintain the interior of the container at a desired temperature, wherein the thermal unit is dimensioned to be removably secured to the reservoir unit; wherein the thermal unit includes an upper end forming a shelf within the container adapted to directly receive a stored item thereon when the reservoir unit is secured to the second end of the container. 2. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lid configured to removably cover the open first end of the container via a lid fastener. 3. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lid comprises a lid aperture adapted to allow fluid to pass therethrough. 4. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lid comprises a handle disposed on an upper side of the lid forming an opening between an upper portion of the handle and the upper side of the lid, wherein the upper portion of the handle includes a cross member that extends between a pair of vertical members, the pair of vertical members extending from the upper side of the lid on a perimeter edge of the lid and on opposing sides thereof, wherein the cross member angles towards the upper side at a middle portion of the cross member. 5. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the container comprises an inner tube and an outer tube coaxially aligned and secured to one another having a vacuum space therebetween, wherein the vacuum space extends between the open first end and the open second end of the container. 6. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 5, wherein the inner tube comprises a fastener for removably securing the reservoir unit thereto. 7. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 5, wherein an upper end and lower end of the inner tube protrude radially outward and rest along an interior of the outer tube when secured to one another. 8. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reservoir unit comprises a centrally disposed recess formed by a sidewall extending annularly about a base, the recess is configured to receive the thermal unit therein. 9. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sidewall includes a reservoir fastener disposed on an exterior side thereof, wherein the reservoir fastener is configured to threadedly secure to the container and form a seal therewith. 10. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reservoir unit comprises a shoulder extending annularly around the sidewall and on a same plane as the base, wherein the shoulder and base forms a part of an exterior side of the portable thermal insulated apparatus. 11. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sidewall is entirely disposed within the container when the reservoir unit is affixed thereto. 12. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermal unit comprises a phase change material disposed therein and adapted to transition from a first state to a second state, wherein thermal energy is exothermic or endothermic. 13. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermal unit is inaccessible when the reservoir unit is secured to the second end of the container. 14. A portable thermal insulated apparatus, comprising:
a container having an open first end and a second end forming an interior, wherein the container is configured to store fluid within the interior; a lid removably securable to the open first end of the container, wherein the lid comprises an interior wall; a thermal unit removably securable to an interior side of the interior wall of the lid; the thermal unit configured to maintain the interior of the container at a desired temperature; wherein the thermal unit remains suspended from the lid when the lid is secured to the container. 15. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, wherein the lid comprises a lid aperture configured to allow fluid to pass therethrough and the thermal unit comprises a channel, such that when the thermal unit is secured to the lid, the lid aperture and channel are coaxially aligned to allow liquid to pass therethrough. 16. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, wherein the lid comprises a handle disposed on an upper side of the lid forming an opening between an upper portion of the handle and the upper side of the lid, wherein the upper portion of the handle includes a cross member that extends between a pair of vertical members, the pair of vertical members extending from the upper side of the lid on a perimeter edge of the lid and on opposing sides thereof, wherein the cross member angles towards the upper side at a middle portion of the cross member. 17. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a temperature sensor disposed within the container and a wireless transmitter configured to transmit a temperature of the interior of the container to an electronic device. 18. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 17, further comprising an application disposed on the electronic device configured to alert a user if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor falls outside of a desired threshold range. 19. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a fluid storage bottle having a bottle cap configured to removably cover an opening of the fluid storage bottle, wherein the fluid storage bottle is configured to hold fluid therein and dimensioned to be received within the interior such that the fluid storage bottle is positioned within the interior of the container and vertically aligned with the thermal unit when secured to the lid and the lid is secured to the container. 20. The portable thermal insulated apparatus of claim 19, wherein a bottom surface of the thermal unit is in close tolerance to an upper surface of the bottle cap. | 2,600 |
343,249 | 16,802,635 | 2,684 | The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for calculating the diffusivity constant of a sample using acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) based information correlated with a diffusion model to reconstruct a sample's diffusivity coefficient. Operations disclosed herein such as acoustically determining the phase differential accumulated through passive fluid exchange (i.e. diffusion) based on the geometry of the tissue sample, modeling the impact of the diffusion on the TOF, and using a post-processing algorithm to correlate the results to determine the diffusivity constant, are enabled by monitoring the changes in the speed of sound caused by penetration of fixative such as formalin into several tissue samples. A tissue preparation system may be adapted to monitor said diffusion of a tissue sample and determine an optimal processing workflow. | 1. A method for determining a true diffusivity constant of a porous material comprising:
computing a set of experimental time-of-flights (TOFs) from measured acoustic data of acoustic waves, the acoustic waves having been detected by an acoustic monitoring device and having traveled through the porous material, each experimental TOF of the computed set of experimental TOFs indicating the TOF of acoustic waves that traveled through a candidate diffusivity point of the porous material at a respective one of a plurality of time points; setting a range of candidate diffusivity constants for the porous material; for each of the candidate diffusivity constants, simulating a spatial dependence concentration model of an expected concentration of a reagent within the porous material for the plurality of time points and for the candidate diffusivity point, the expected concentration of the reagent being a function of time, space and said candidate diffusivity constant; using the simulated spatial dependence concentration model for computing a spatial dependence TOF model for the porous material, the TOF model assigning, to the candidate diffusivity point for each of the plurality of time points and for each of the candidate diffusivity constants, a respectively modeled TOF; and determining an error function for the candidate diffusivity point for each of the plurality of time points and for each of the candidate diffusivity constants, the error function being indicative of a distance between each of the modeled TOFs assigned to said candidate diffusivity point from a corresponding experimental TOF, the experimental TOF having been measured by the acoustic monitoring device at the same time point as used for modeling its corresponding modeled TOF; determining a minimum error function based on the determined error function for the candidate diffusivity point for each of the plurality of time points and for each of the candidate diffusivity constants; calculating the true diffusivity constant for the porous material based on the determined minimum error function, | The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for calculating the diffusivity constant of a sample using acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) based information correlated with a diffusion model to reconstruct a sample's diffusivity coefficient. Operations disclosed herein such as acoustically determining the phase differential accumulated through passive fluid exchange (i.e. diffusion) based on the geometry of the tissue sample, modeling the impact of the diffusion on the TOF, and using a post-processing algorithm to correlate the results to determine the diffusivity constant, are enabled by monitoring the changes in the speed of sound caused by penetration of fixative such as formalin into several tissue samples. A tissue preparation system may be adapted to monitor said diffusion of a tissue sample and determine an optimal processing workflow.1. A method for determining a true diffusivity constant of a porous material comprising:
computing a set of experimental time-of-flights (TOFs) from measured acoustic data of acoustic waves, the acoustic waves having been detected by an acoustic monitoring device and having traveled through the porous material, each experimental TOF of the computed set of experimental TOFs indicating the TOF of acoustic waves that traveled through a candidate diffusivity point of the porous material at a respective one of a plurality of time points; setting a range of candidate diffusivity constants for the porous material; for each of the candidate diffusivity constants, simulating a spatial dependence concentration model of an expected concentration of a reagent within the porous material for the plurality of time points and for the candidate diffusivity point, the expected concentration of the reagent being a function of time, space and said candidate diffusivity constant; using the simulated spatial dependence concentration model for computing a spatial dependence TOF model for the porous material, the TOF model assigning, to the candidate diffusivity point for each of the plurality of time points and for each of the candidate diffusivity constants, a respectively modeled TOF; and determining an error function for the candidate diffusivity point for each of the plurality of time points and for each of the candidate diffusivity constants, the error function being indicative of a distance between each of the modeled TOFs assigned to said candidate diffusivity point from a corresponding experimental TOF, the experimental TOF having been measured by the acoustic monitoring device at the same time point as used for modeling its corresponding modeled TOF; determining a minimum error function based on the determined error function for the candidate diffusivity point for each of the plurality of time points and for each of the candidate diffusivity constants; calculating the true diffusivity constant for the porous material based on the determined minimum error function, | 2,600 |
343,250 | 16,802,654 | 2,684 | The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same. | 1-48. (canceled) 49. A method for inhibiting activity of MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, in a biological sample comprising the step of contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula XX: 50. The method according to claim 49, wherein -T- is —O—. 51. The method according to claim 49, wherein R2 is chloro. 52. The method according to claim 49, wherein R is C1-6 aliphatic substituted with oxo, halogen, —CN, —(CH2)0-4R∘, —(CH2)0-4OR∘, or —(CH2)0-4S(O)2R∘, wherein R∘ is C1-6 aliphatic. 53. The method according to claim 49, wherein the compound is selected from: 54. The method according to claim 49, wherein the compound is 55. The method according to claim 49, wherein the MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, activity is inhibited irreversibly. 56. The method according to claim 55, wherein the MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, activity is inhibited irreversibly by covalently modifying Cys140 of MK2. 57. A method for inhibiting activity of MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, in a patient comprising the step of administering to said patient a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle and a compound of formula XX: 58. The method according to claim 57, wherein the compound is selected from: 59. The method according to claim 57, wherein the compound is 60. A method for treating an MK2-mediated disease or disorder in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said patient a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle and a compound of formula XX: 61. The method according to claim 60, wherein the compound is selected from: 62. The method according to claim 60, wherein the compound is: 63. The method according to claim 60, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is an autoimmune disorder, chronic or acute inflammatory disorder, an auto-inflammatory disorder, a fibrotic disorder, a metabolic disorder, a neoplasia, or a cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorder. 64. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is an autoimmune disorder, chronic or acute inflammatory disorder, or auto-inflammatory disorder selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes, Muckle-Wells syndrome, familial cold auto-inflammatory syndrome, neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease, TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome, acute and chronic pancreatitis, atherosclerosis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, fibrotic disorders, hepatic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nephropathy, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, anaphylaxis, diabetes, diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic retinopathy, Still's disease, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, wet and dry age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune and inflammatory hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis syndromes, temporal, Takayasu's and giant cell arteritis, Behçet's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, vitiligo, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases, anemias, drug-induced autoimmunity, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypophysitis, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, metal-induced autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, autoimmune deafness, Meniere's disease, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, HW-related autoimmune syndromes, Gullain-Barre disease, Addison's disease, anti-phospholipid syndrome, asthma, atopic dermatitis, Celiac disease, Cushing's syndrome, dermatomyositis, idiopathic adrenal atrophy, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, Kawasaki syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, pernicious anemia, pollinosis, polyarteritis nodosa, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Raynaud's, Reiter's Syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, Schmidt's syndrome, thyrotoxidosis, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, exotoxin-induced toxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, glomerulonephritis, peritonitis, interstitial cystitis, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vasculitis, graft vs. host reaction, graft vs. host disease, allograft rejections, acute allograft rejection, chronic allograft rejection, early transplantation rejection, acute allograft rejection, reperfusion injury, pain, acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic infections, meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, gingivitis, post surgical trauma, tissue injury, traumatic brain injury, enterocolitis, sinusitis, uveitis, ocular inflammation, optic neuritis, gastric ulcers, esophagitis, peritonitis, periodontitis, dermatomyositis, gastritis, myositis, polymyalgia, pneumonia and bronchitis. 65. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a fibrotic disorder selected from the group consisting of systemic sclerosis/scleroderma, lupus nephritis, connective tissue disease, wound healing, surgical scarring, spinal cord injury, CNS scarring, acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, drug-induced lung injury, glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension-induced nephropathy, alimentary track or gastrointestinal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, hepatic or biliary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, cirrhosis due to fatty liver disease cirrhosis due to alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatosis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, radiation-induced fibrosis head and neck fibrosis, gastrointestinal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, restenosis, cardiac fibrosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, opthalmic scarring, fibrosclerosis, fibrotic cancers, fibroids, fibroma, fibroadenomas, fibrosarcomas, transplant arteriopathy, keloid, mediastinal fibrosis, myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, progressive massive fibrosis, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. 66. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a metabolic disorder selected from the group consisting of obesity, steroid-resistance, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome. 67. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a neoplasia selected from the group consisting of angiogenesis disorders, multiple myeloma, leukemias, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, lymphomas, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, mast cell tumors, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma; astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, glioma, schwannomas, melanoma, seminoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, xenoderma pigmentosum, keratoctanthoma, thyroid follicular cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, teratoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, metastatic and bone disorders, cancer of the bone, mouth/pharynx, esophagus, larynx, stomach, intestine, colon, rectum, lung, liver, pancreas, nerve, brain, head and neck, throat, ovary, uterus, prostate, testis, bladder, kidney, breast, gall bladder, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, glioma, and glioblastoma multiforme. 68. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorder selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, restenosis of an atherosclerotic coronary artery, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac-allograft vasculopathy, stroke, central nervous system disorders with an inflammatory or apoptotic component, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, neuronal ischemia and peripheral neuropathy. | The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.1-48. (canceled) 49. A method for inhibiting activity of MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, in a biological sample comprising the step of contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula XX: 50. The method according to claim 49, wherein -T- is —O—. 51. The method according to claim 49, wherein R2 is chloro. 52. The method according to claim 49, wherein R is C1-6 aliphatic substituted with oxo, halogen, —CN, —(CH2)0-4R∘, —(CH2)0-4OR∘, or —(CH2)0-4S(O)2R∘, wherein R∘ is C1-6 aliphatic. 53. The method according to claim 49, wherein the compound is selected from: 54. The method according to claim 49, wherein the compound is 55. The method according to claim 49, wherein the MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, activity is inhibited irreversibly. 56. The method according to claim 55, wherein the MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, activity is inhibited irreversibly by covalently modifying Cys140 of MK2. 57. A method for inhibiting activity of MK2 kinase, or a mutant thereof, in a patient comprising the step of administering to said patient a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle and a compound of formula XX: 58. The method according to claim 57, wherein the compound is selected from: 59. The method according to claim 57, wherein the compound is 60. A method for treating an MK2-mediated disease or disorder in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said patient a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle and a compound of formula XX: 61. The method according to claim 60, wherein the compound is selected from: 62. The method according to claim 60, wherein the compound is: 63. The method according to claim 60, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is an autoimmune disorder, chronic or acute inflammatory disorder, an auto-inflammatory disorder, a fibrotic disorder, a metabolic disorder, a neoplasia, or a cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorder. 64. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is an autoimmune disorder, chronic or acute inflammatory disorder, or auto-inflammatory disorder selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes, Muckle-Wells syndrome, familial cold auto-inflammatory syndrome, neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease, TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome, acute and chronic pancreatitis, atherosclerosis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, fibrotic disorders, hepatic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nephropathy, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, anaphylaxis, diabetes, diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic retinopathy, Still's disease, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, wet and dry age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune and inflammatory hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis syndromes, temporal, Takayasu's and giant cell arteritis, Behçet's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, vitiligo, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases, anemias, drug-induced autoimmunity, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypophysitis, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, metal-induced autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, autoimmune deafness, Meniere's disease, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, HW-related autoimmune syndromes, Gullain-Barre disease, Addison's disease, anti-phospholipid syndrome, asthma, atopic dermatitis, Celiac disease, Cushing's syndrome, dermatomyositis, idiopathic adrenal atrophy, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, Kawasaki syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, pernicious anemia, pollinosis, polyarteritis nodosa, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Raynaud's, Reiter's Syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, Schmidt's syndrome, thyrotoxidosis, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, exotoxin-induced toxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, glomerulonephritis, peritonitis, interstitial cystitis, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vasculitis, graft vs. host reaction, graft vs. host disease, allograft rejections, acute allograft rejection, chronic allograft rejection, early transplantation rejection, acute allograft rejection, reperfusion injury, pain, acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic infections, meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, gingivitis, post surgical trauma, tissue injury, traumatic brain injury, enterocolitis, sinusitis, uveitis, ocular inflammation, optic neuritis, gastric ulcers, esophagitis, peritonitis, periodontitis, dermatomyositis, gastritis, myositis, polymyalgia, pneumonia and bronchitis. 65. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a fibrotic disorder selected from the group consisting of systemic sclerosis/scleroderma, lupus nephritis, connective tissue disease, wound healing, surgical scarring, spinal cord injury, CNS scarring, acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, drug-induced lung injury, glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension-induced nephropathy, alimentary track or gastrointestinal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, hepatic or biliary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, cirrhosis due to fatty liver disease cirrhosis due to alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatosis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, radiation-induced fibrosis head and neck fibrosis, gastrointestinal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, restenosis, cardiac fibrosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, opthalmic scarring, fibrosclerosis, fibrotic cancers, fibroids, fibroma, fibroadenomas, fibrosarcomas, transplant arteriopathy, keloid, mediastinal fibrosis, myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, progressive massive fibrosis, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. 66. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a metabolic disorder selected from the group consisting of obesity, steroid-resistance, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome. 67. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a neoplasia selected from the group consisting of angiogenesis disorders, multiple myeloma, leukemias, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, lymphomas, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, mast cell tumors, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma; astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, glioma, schwannomas, melanoma, seminoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, xenoderma pigmentosum, keratoctanthoma, thyroid follicular cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, teratoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, metastatic and bone disorders, cancer of the bone, mouth/pharynx, esophagus, larynx, stomach, intestine, colon, rectum, lung, liver, pancreas, nerve, brain, head and neck, throat, ovary, uterus, prostate, testis, bladder, kidney, breast, gall bladder, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, glioma, and glioblastoma multiforme. 68. The method according to claim 63, wherein the MK2-mediated disease or disorder is a cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorder selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, restenosis of an atherosclerotic coronary artery, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac-allograft vasculopathy, stroke, central nervous system disorders with an inflammatory or apoptotic component, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, neuronal ischemia and peripheral neuropathy. | 2,600 |
343,251 | 16,802,676 | 2,684 | An integrated circuit device includes a conductive line formed on a substrate, an insulating spacer covering side walls of the conductive line and extending parallel with the conductive line, and a conductive plug that is spaced apart from the conductive line with the insulating spacer therebetween. The insulating spacer includes an insulating liner contacting the conductive line, an outer spacer contacting the conductive plug, and a barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer. | 1. An integrated circuit device comprising:
a conductive line formed on a substrate; an insulating spacer covering side walls of the conductive line and extending parallel with the conductive line; and a conductive plug that is spaced apart from the conductive line with the insulating spacer therebetween, wherein the insulating spacer comprises: an insulating liner contacting the conductive line; an outer spacer contacting the conductive plug; and a barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer. 2. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material having a two-dimensional crystalline structure. 3. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer includes SiC, SiCN, or BN. 4. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the insulating spacer further comprises an air spacer between the insulating liner and the barrier layer. 5. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer has a band gap of at least 1.3 eV. 6. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer includes a monomolecular layer of a two-dimensional material selected from among hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 7. The integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the barrier layer has a thickness of 3 Å to 10 Å in a width direction of the conductive line. 8. An integrated circuit device comprising:
a line structure including a bit line formed on a substrate and an insulation capping pattern covering the bit line; an insulating spacer covering side walls of the line structure; a conductive plug spaced apart from the bit line in a first horizontal direction with the insulating spacer therebetween; and a conductive landing pad vertically overlapping the conductive plug, wherein the insulating spacer comprises: an insulating liner contacting the line structure; an outer spacer contacting the conductive plug and the conductive landing pad; and a barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer. 9. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material having a band gap of at least 1.3 eV, and wherein the barrier layer is between the bit line and the conductive plug and between the insulation capping pattern and the conductive landing pad. 10. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the two dimensional material of the barrier layer includes SiC, SiCN, or BN, and wherein the barrier layer is between the bit line and the conductive plug and between the insulation capping pattern and the conductive landing pad. 11. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the insulating spacer further comprises an air spacer, and wherein the insulating liner is spaced apart from the barrier layer with the air spacer therebetween. 12. The integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
wherein the barrier layer includes a monomolecular layer of a two-dimensional material selected from among h-BN, GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 13. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the barrier layer includes a plurality of monomolecular layers of a two-dimensional material selected from among h-BN, GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 14. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the insulating liner includes a silicon nitride layer, and wherein the outer spacer includes a silicon nitride layer doped with dopants of oxygen atoms (O), carbon atoms (C), or a combination of the above atoms. 15. An integrated circuit device comprising:
a line structure including a bit line formed on a substrate and an insulation capping pattern that covers the bit line; a pair of insulating spacers covering opposite side walls of the line structure, respectively; and a pair of conductive plugs spaced apart from each other in a first horizontal direction with the line structure and the pair of insulating spacers therebetween, wherein each of the pair of insulating spacers comprises: an insulating liner contacting the bit line; an outer spacer contacting one of the pair of conductive plugs; an outer barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer; and an air spacer between the insulating liner and the outer barrier layer. 16. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the insulating liner includes a silicon nitride layer, wherein the outer spacer includes a silicon nitride layer doped with dopants of oxygen atoms (O), carbon atoms (C), or a combination of the above atoms, and wherein the outer barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material having a band gap of at least 1.3 eV. 17. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the insulating liner includes a silicon nitride layer, wherein the outer spacer includes a silicon nitride layer doped with dopants of oxygen atoms (O), carbon atoms (C), or a combination of the above atoms, and wherein the outer barrier layer includes SiC, SiCN, or BN. 18. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the outer barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material selected from among h-BN, GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 19. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the outer barrier layer has a thickness between 3 Å and 10 Å in the first horizontal direction. 20. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein each of the pair of insulating spacers further comprises an inner barrier layer including the same material as the outer barrier layer, the inner barrier layer contacts the insulating liner, and the air spacer is between the inner barrier layer and the outer barrier layer. | An integrated circuit device includes a conductive line formed on a substrate, an insulating spacer covering side walls of the conductive line and extending parallel with the conductive line, and a conductive plug that is spaced apart from the conductive line with the insulating spacer therebetween. The insulating spacer includes an insulating liner contacting the conductive line, an outer spacer contacting the conductive plug, and a barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer.1. An integrated circuit device comprising:
a conductive line formed on a substrate; an insulating spacer covering side walls of the conductive line and extending parallel with the conductive line; and a conductive plug that is spaced apart from the conductive line with the insulating spacer therebetween, wherein the insulating spacer comprises: an insulating liner contacting the conductive line; an outer spacer contacting the conductive plug; and a barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer. 2. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material having a two-dimensional crystalline structure. 3. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer includes SiC, SiCN, or BN. 4. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the insulating spacer further comprises an air spacer between the insulating liner and the barrier layer. 5. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer has a band gap of at least 1.3 eV. 6. The integrated circuit device of claim 1,
wherein the barrier layer includes a monomolecular layer of a two-dimensional material selected from among hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 7. The integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the barrier layer has a thickness of 3 Å to 10 Å in a width direction of the conductive line. 8. An integrated circuit device comprising:
a line structure including a bit line formed on a substrate and an insulation capping pattern covering the bit line; an insulating spacer covering side walls of the line structure; a conductive plug spaced apart from the bit line in a first horizontal direction with the insulating spacer therebetween; and a conductive landing pad vertically overlapping the conductive plug, wherein the insulating spacer comprises: an insulating liner contacting the line structure; an outer spacer contacting the conductive plug and the conductive landing pad; and a barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer. 9. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material having a band gap of at least 1.3 eV, and wherein the barrier layer is between the bit line and the conductive plug and between the insulation capping pattern and the conductive landing pad. 10. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the two dimensional material of the barrier layer includes SiC, SiCN, or BN, and wherein the barrier layer is between the bit line and the conductive plug and between the insulation capping pattern and the conductive landing pad. 11. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the insulating spacer further comprises an air spacer, and wherein the insulating liner is spaced apart from the barrier layer with the air spacer therebetween. 12. The integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
wherein the barrier layer includes a monomolecular layer of a two-dimensional material selected from among h-BN, GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 13. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the barrier layer includes a plurality of monomolecular layers of a two-dimensional material selected from among h-BN, GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 14. The integrated circuit device of claim 8,
wherein the insulating liner includes a silicon nitride layer, and wherein the outer spacer includes a silicon nitride layer doped with dopants of oxygen atoms (O), carbon atoms (C), or a combination of the above atoms. 15. An integrated circuit device comprising:
a line structure including a bit line formed on a substrate and an insulation capping pattern that covers the bit line; a pair of insulating spacers covering opposite side walls of the line structure, respectively; and a pair of conductive plugs spaced apart from each other in a first horizontal direction with the line structure and the pair of insulating spacers therebetween, wherein each of the pair of insulating spacers comprises: an insulating liner contacting the bit line; an outer spacer contacting one of the pair of conductive plugs; an outer barrier layer between the insulating liner and the outer spacer to prevent oxygen atoms from diffusing into the outer spacer; and an air spacer between the insulating liner and the outer barrier layer. 16. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the insulating liner includes a silicon nitride layer, wherein the outer spacer includes a silicon nitride layer doped with dopants of oxygen atoms (O), carbon atoms (C), or a combination of the above atoms, and wherein the outer barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material having a band gap of at least 1.3 eV. 17. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the insulating liner includes a silicon nitride layer, wherein the outer spacer includes a silicon nitride layer doped with dopants of oxygen atoms (O), carbon atoms (C), or a combination of the above atoms, and wherein the outer barrier layer includes SiC, SiCN, or BN. 18. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the outer barrier layer includes a two-dimensional material selected from among h-BN, GaS, GaSe, phosphorene, WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and ReSe2. 19. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein the outer barrier layer has a thickness between 3 Å and 10 Å in the first horizontal direction. 20. The integrated circuit device of claim 15,
wherein each of the pair of insulating spacers further comprises an inner barrier layer including the same material as the outer barrier layer, the inner barrier layer contacts the insulating liner, and the air spacer is between the inner barrier layer and the outer barrier layer. | 2,600 |
343,252 | 16,802,667 | 2,684 | Provided are an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus and an ultrafine bubble generating method that can efficiently generate a UFB-containing liquid with high purity and can extend lifetime of the apparatus additionally. To this end, a shape of a bubble during generation thereof is partially restricted by forming walls around a heating element, and a position in which the bubble disappears is displaced from a position of the heating element. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
an element substrate that includes
a plurality of heaters that generate the ultrafine bubbles by heating a liquid and
a wiring connected with the heaters, wherein
a restriction member that restricts a growth of a bubble generated by an action of each heater is included at least in a part of surroundings of the heater, and a first region having a predetermined area is provided between the restriction member and the heater. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a second region having an area wider than that of the first region is provided adjacent to the heater on a side opposing the restriction member with respect to the heater. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the restriction member is formed by digging the element substrate which is a silicon substrate by etching. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the restriction member is formed by laminating films. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the restriction member includes a first restriction member including the first region between the first restriction member and the heater, and second restriction members facing each other with the heater arranged therebetween. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the first restriction member and the second restriction members are formed integrally, and the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus further comprises: a third restriction member provided to face the first restriction member, wherein a flow passage that includes the second region and allows the liquid to flow therethrough is formed between the integrally formed first restriction member and second restriction member and the third restriction member. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a cavitation-resistant film that protects the heater from a shock wave generated by cavitation is formed on the heater. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a chamber that forms a space containing the heater is formed on the element substrate. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the chamber includes
an electrode pad that is provided in an end portion of the element substrate to enable a connection of an external wiring outside the element substrate with the wiring,
a supply port, and
a drain port, wherein
the liquid is allowed to be supplied from a supply pipe connected with the supply port to the chamber, and the liquid in the chamber is allowed to be discharged from a drain pipe connected with the drain port. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the element substrate is a substrate in a form of a wafer that is formed by slicing a single crystal ingot. 11. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
a process of forming a heater on a substrate; a process of bringing the heater into contact with a liquid; a process of driving the heater; a process of restricting a growth of a bubble generated by an action of the heater by a restriction member at least in a part of surroundings of the heater; and a process of making the bubble disappear in a region having a predetermined area between the restriction member and the heater. | Provided are an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus and an ultrafine bubble generating method that can efficiently generate a UFB-containing liquid with high purity and can extend lifetime of the apparatus additionally. To this end, a shape of a bubble during generation thereof is partially restricted by forming walls around a heating element, and a position in which the bubble disappears is displaced from a position of the heating element.1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
an element substrate that includes
a plurality of heaters that generate the ultrafine bubbles by heating a liquid and
a wiring connected with the heaters, wherein
a restriction member that restricts a growth of a bubble generated by an action of each heater is included at least in a part of surroundings of the heater, and a first region having a predetermined area is provided between the restriction member and the heater. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a second region having an area wider than that of the first region is provided adjacent to the heater on a side opposing the restriction member with respect to the heater. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the restriction member is formed by digging the element substrate which is a silicon substrate by etching. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the restriction member is formed by laminating films. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the restriction member includes a first restriction member including the first region between the first restriction member and the heater, and second restriction members facing each other with the heater arranged therebetween. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the first restriction member and the second restriction members are formed integrally, and the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus further comprises: a third restriction member provided to face the first restriction member, wherein a flow passage that includes the second region and allows the liquid to flow therethrough is formed between the integrally formed first restriction member and second restriction member and the third restriction member. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a cavitation-resistant film that protects the heater from a shock wave generated by cavitation is formed on the heater. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a chamber that forms a space containing the heater is formed on the element substrate. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the chamber includes
an electrode pad that is provided in an end portion of the element substrate to enable a connection of an external wiring outside the element substrate with the wiring,
a supply port, and
a drain port, wherein
the liquid is allowed to be supplied from a supply pipe connected with the supply port to the chamber, and the liquid in the chamber is allowed to be discharged from a drain pipe connected with the drain port. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the element substrate is a substrate in a form of a wafer that is formed by slicing a single crystal ingot. 11. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
a process of forming a heater on a substrate; a process of bringing the heater into contact with a liquid; a process of driving the heater; a process of restricting a growth of a bubble generated by an action of the heater by a restriction member at least in a part of surroundings of the heater; and a process of making the bubble disappear in a region having a predetermined area between the restriction member and the heater. | 2,600 |
343,253 | 16,802,656 | 2,684 | According to one embodiment, provided is a composite oxide containing lithium, niobium, and tantalum. A mass ratio of tantalum with respect to niobium is in a range of from 0.01% to 1.0%. | 1. A composite oxide comprising lithium, niobium, and tantalum, a mass ratio of tantalum with respect to niobium being in a range of from 0.01% to 1.0%. 2. The composite oxide according to claim 1, wherein the composite oxide is represented by general formula Li1−xKxNb1−y−zTayFezO3, where subscript x is within a range of 0≤x≤2.4×10−2, and subscript y is within a range of 5.1×10−5≤y≤5.1×10−3, and subscript z is within a range of 0≤z≤8.2×10−3. 3. The composite oxide according to claim 1, further comprising potassium, a mass ratio of the potassium with respect to the niobium being in a range of from 0.05% to 1.0%. 4. The composite oxide according to claim 1 further comprising iron, a mass ratio of the iron with respect to the niobium being in a range of from 0.01% to 0.5%. 5. An active material composite material comprising:
an active material particle; and a composite oxide-containing layer in contact with at least part of a surface of the active material particle, the composite oxide-containing layer comprising the composite oxide according to claim 1. 6. An electrode comprising:
an active material-containing layer comprising an active material; and a composite oxide-containing layer in contact with at least a portion of the active material, the composite oxide-containing layer comprising the composite oxide according to claim 1. 7. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the active material has a particulate shape, and
the composite oxide-containing layer covers at least part of a particle surface of the active material. 8. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the composite oxide-containing layer is provided on at least one surface of the active material-containing layer. 9. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the active material-containing layer comprises at least one first sulfide solid electrolyte selected from the group consisting of Li2S—SiS2, LiI—Li2S—SiS2, LiI—Li2S—P2S5, LiI—Li2S—B2S3, Li3PO4—Li2S—Si2S, Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2, Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS, LiI—Li2S—P2O5, LiI—Li3PO4—P2S5, Li2S—P2S5, Li2S—GeS2—P2S5, a glass-ceramic material represented by general formula Li4−wGe1−wPWS4 where subscript w is within a range of 0.7≤w≤1, and halides having part of a composition of each material substituted by a halogen. 10. A battery comprising:
a positive electrode active material-containing layer comprising a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode active material-containing layer comprising a negative electrode active material; an electrically-insulating layer comprising a second sulfide solid electrolyte, the electrically-insulating layer being disposed between the positive electrode active material-containing layer and the negative electrode active material-containing layer; and a composite oxide-containing layer in contact with at least part of the positive electrode active material, the composite oxide-containing layer comprising the composite oxide according to claim 1. 11. The battery according to claim 10, wherein the positive electrode active material has a particulate shape, and the composite oxide-containing layer covers at least part of a particle surface of the positive electrode active material. 12. The battery according to claim 10, wherein the composite oxide-containing layer is disposed between the positive electrode active material-containing layer and the electrically-insulating layer. 13. A battery pack comprising the battery according to claim 10. 14. The battery pack according to claim 13, further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and a protective circuit. 15. The battery pack according to claim 13, comprising plural of the battery, the batteries being electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of in-series and in-parallel. 16. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 13. 17. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the vehicle comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. | According to one embodiment, provided is a composite oxide containing lithium, niobium, and tantalum. A mass ratio of tantalum with respect to niobium is in a range of from 0.01% to 1.0%.1. A composite oxide comprising lithium, niobium, and tantalum, a mass ratio of tantalum with respect to niobium being in a range of from 0.01% to 1.0%. 2. The composite oxide according to claim 1, wherein the composite oxide is represented by general formula Li1−xKxNb1−y−zTayFezO3, where subscript x is within a range of 0≤x≤2.4×10−2, and subscript y is within a range of 5.1×10−5≤y≤5.1×10−3, and subscript z is within a range of 0≤z≤8.2×10−3. 3. The composite oxide according to claim 1, further comprising potassium, a mass ratio of the potassium with respect to the niobium being in a range of from 0.05% to 1.0%. 4. The composite oxide according to claim 1 further comprising iron, a mass ratio of the iron with respect to the niobium being in a range of from 0.01% to 0.5%. 5. An active material composite material comprising:
an active material particle; and a composite oxide-containing layer in contact with at least part of a surface of the active material particle, the composite oxide-containing layer comprising the composite oxide according to claim 1. 6. An electrode comprising:
an active material-containing layer comprising an active material; and a composite oxide-containing layer in contact with at least a portion of the active material, the composite oxide-containing layer comprising the composite oxide according to claim 1. 7. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the active material has a particulate shape, and
the composite oxide-containing layer covers at least part of a particle surface of the active material. 8. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the composite oxide-containing layer is provided on at least one surface of the active material-containing layer. 9. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the active material-containing layer comprises at least one first sulfide solid electrolyte selected from the group consisting of Li2S—SiS2, LiI—Li2S—SiS2, LiI—Li2S—P2S5, LiI—Li2S—B2S3, Li3PO4—Li2S—Si2S, Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2, Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS, LiI—Li2S—P2O5, LiI—Li3PO4—P2S5, Li2S—P2S5, Li2S—GeS2—P2S5, a glass-ceramic material represented by general formula Li4−wGe1−wPWS4 where subscript w is within a range of 0.7≤w≤1, and halides having part of a composition of each material substituted by a halogen. 10. A battery comprising:
a positive electrode active material-containing layer comprising a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode active material-containing layer comprising a negative electrode active material; an electrically-insulating layer comprising a second sulfide solid electrolyte, the electrically-insulating layer being disposed between the positive electrode active material-containing layer and the negative electrode active material-containing layer; and a composite oxide-containing layer in contact with at least part of the positive electrode active material, the composite oxide-containing layer comprising the composite oxide according to claim 1. 11. The battery according to claim 10, wherein the positive electrode active material has a particulate shape, and the composite oxide-containing layer covers at least part of a particle surface of the positive electrode active material. 12. The battery according to claim 10, wherein the composite oxide-containing layer is disposed between the positive electrode active material-containing layer and the electrically-insulating layer. 13. A battery pack comprising the battery according to claim 10. 14. The battery pack according to claim 13, further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and a protective circuit. 15. The battery pack according to claim 13, comprising plural of the battery, the batteries being electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of in-series and in-parallel. 16. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 13. 17. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the vehicle comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. | 2,600 |
343,254 | 16,802,661 | 2,684 | An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid, includes: an element substrate including a heating part provided with multiple heating elements, in which, in the case where an energy for generating the film boiling by each of the multiple heating elements is set to a first value, the element substrate being configured so that the energy inputted to the heating element driven in the heating part is equal to or more than a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a second value and falls within a range from the value to a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a sum of the second value and 0.3, the second value being 1 or more. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid, comprising:
an element substrate including a heating part provided with a plurality of the heating elements, wherein in a case where an energy for generating the film boiling by each of the plurality of the heating elements is set to a first value, the element substrate being configured so that the energy inputted to the heating element driven in the heating part is equal to or more than a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a second value and falls within a range from the value to a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a sum of the second value and 0.3, the second value being 1 or more. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second value is 1. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes an aggregate of the heating elements to which energies from an electrode pad are inputted. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
at least two or more of the heating elements are connected to the electrode pad through the same common wiring in the heating part, and the plurality of the heating elements are driven in a time division manner. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the element substrate includes a plurality of the heating parts, and in each of the plurality of the heating parts, the plurality of the heating elements are driven in the time division manner. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
shapes of the heating elements in the heating part are different depending on a positional relationship of the heating elements connected to each other through the common wiring. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a difference between resistances in the common wiring. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the heating part, the heating elements are each connected to an individual wiring. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the individual wirings are laid out such that a resistance value of each individual wiring falls within a predetermined range. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a width or a film thickness of the common wiring is set so that a value of a resistance in the common wiring is at a predetermined ratio or less to the sum of a resistance of the heating element and a resistance of a wiring individually connected to the heating element. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the width or the film thickness of the common wiring is set so that, in a case where an energy for generating the film boiling by the heating element is set to a first value, energies respectively inputted to the plurality of the heating elements driven simultaneously in the heating part are set to 1 time or more and 1.3 times or less the first value. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a layer different from a layer on which the heating element is formed in the element substrate. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a back surface of the element substrate opposite to a surface on which the heating element is formed. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the electrode pad is formed on the back surface. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising:
a generating unit in which a plurality of the element substrates are formed on a wafer. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
a plurality of groups, which include a group provided with at least two or more heating elements that are each connected to the individual wiring and are driven simultaneously, are driven in different timings in a time division manner. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
in the heating part, each of the groups includes the same number of the heating elements driven simultaneously. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the groups each provided with at least two or more heating elements driven simultaneously in the heating part are driven in the different timings in the time division manner, and a voltage applied to each of the heating elements or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on the number of the heating elements driven simultaneously in each timing. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a monitoring unit that monitors resistances of the heating elements in the heating part, wherein a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a result of the monitoring by the monitoring unit. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
in the heating part, a plurality of the heating elements driven simultaneously on the same wiring are connected in series. 21. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
in each of the heating elements connected in series, a length of a resistance pattern in a current flow direction is smaller than a width of the resistance pattern. 22. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a unit for making energy constant that makes an energy applied to each of the plurality of the heating elements or each of a predetermined number of the heating elements constant, in the heating part. 23. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 22, wherein
the unit for making energy constant maintains a voltage or a current constant in two ends or one end of each of the heating elements. | An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid, includes: an element substrate including a heating part provided with multiple heating elements, in which, in the case where an energy for generating the film boiling by each of the multiple heating elements is set to a first value, the element substrate being configured so that the energy inputted to the heating element driven in the heating part is equal to or more than a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a second value and falls within a range from the value to a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a sum of the second value and 0.3, the second value being 1 or more.1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid, comprising:
an element substrate including a heating part provided with a plurality of the heating elements, wherein in a case where an energy for generating the film boiling by each of the plurality of the heating elements is set to a first value, the element substrate being configured so that the energy inputted to the heating element driven in the heating part is equal to or more than a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a second value and falls within a range from the value to a value obtained by multiplying the first value by a sum of the second value and 0.3, the second value being 1 or more. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second value is 1. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes an aggregate of the heating elements to which energies from an electrode pad are inputted. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
at least two or more of the heating elements are connected to the electrode pad through the same common wiring in the heating part, and the plurality of the heating elements are driven in a time division manner. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the element substrate includes a plurality of the heating parts, and in each of the plurality of the heating parts, the plurality of the heating elements are driven in the time division manner. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
shapes of the heating elements in the heating part are different depending on a positional relationship of the heating elements connected to each other through the common wiring. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a difference between resistances in the common wiring. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the heating part, the heating elements are each connected to an individual wiring. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the individual wirings are laid out such that a resistance value of each individual wiring falls within a predetermined range. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a width or a film thickness of the common wiring is set so that a value of a resistance in the common wiring is at a predetermined ratio or less to the sum of a resistance of the heating element and a resistance of a wiring individually connected to the heating element. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the width or the film thickness of the common wiring is set so that, in a case where an energy for generating the film boiling by the heating element is set to a first value, energies respectively inputted to the plurality of the heating elements driven simultaneously in the heating part are set to 1 time or more and 1.3 times or less the first value. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a layer different from a layer on which the heating element is formed in the element substrate. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a back surface of the element substrate opposite to a surface on which the heating element is formed. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the electrode pad is formed on the back surface. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising:
a generating unit in which a plurality of the element substrates are formed on a wafer. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
a plurality of groups, which include a group provided with at least two or more heating elements that are each connected to the individual wiring and are driven simultaneously, are driven in different timings in a time division manner. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
in the heating part, each of the groups includes the same number of the heating elements driven simultaneously. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the groups each provided with at least two or more heating elements driven simultaneously in the heating part are driven in the different timings in the time division manner, and a voltage applied to each of the heating elements or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on the number of the heating elements driven simultaneously in each timing. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a monitoring unit that monitors resistances of the heating elements in the heating part, wherein a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a result of the monitoring by the monitoring unit. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
in the heating part, a plurality of the heating elements driven simultaneously on the same wiring are connected in series. 21. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
in each of the heating elements connected in series, a length of a resistance pattern in a current flow direction is smaller than a width of the resistance pattern. 22. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a unit for making energy constant that makes an energy applied to each of the plurality of the heating elements or each of a predetermined number of the heating elements constant, in the heating part. 23. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 22, wherein
the unit for making energy constant maintains a voltage or a current constant in two ends or one end of each of the heating elements. | 2,600 |
343,255 | 16,802,674 | 2,684 | According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plasma processing apparatus includes: a processing chamber in which plasma processing is performed to a sample; a radio frequency power source that supplies radio frequency power for generating plasma in the processing chamber; and a data processing apparatus that performs processing to light emission data of the plasma. The data processing apparatus performs the processing to the light emission by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data. A response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by a probability density function including the error as a parameter. | 1. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a chamber in which plasma processing is performed to a sample; a radio frequency power source configured to supply radio frequency power for generating plasma in the processing chamber; and a data processing apparatus configured to perform processing to light emission data of the plasma, wherein the data processing apparatus performs the processing to the light emission data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, the input data smoothed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the input data, is used as input data in an expression for calculating the predicted value of smoothed data, and the predicted value of smoothed data to which by a first order differential is performed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the predicted value of smoothed data, is used as a slope of the predicted value of smoothed data in an expression for calculating a predicted value of a slope of the smoothed data. 2. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by using a probability density function including the error as a parameter. 3. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by the N power of a value acquired by adding a constant to a predicted value of a relative value of the error, the predicted value being divided by a predicted value of an absolute value of the error, in a case where N is an integer of 0 or more. 4. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a processing chamber in which plasma processing is performed to a sample; a radio frequency power source configured to supply radio frequency power for generating plasma in the processing chamber; and a data processing apparatus configured to perform processing to light emission data of the plasma, wherein the data processing apparatus performs the processing to the light emission data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, an exponential weighted moving average is performed to the error, and a coefficient of the exponential weighted moving average varies based on a predicted value of a slope of smoothed data. 5. A data processing apparatus in which processing is performed to data by using a double exponential smoothing method,
wherein the processing is performed to the data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, the input data smoothed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the input data, is used as input data in an expression for calculating the predicted value of smoothed data, and the predicted value of smoothed data to which a first order differential is performed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the predicted value of smoothed data, is used as a slope of the predicted value of smoothed data in an expression for calculating a predicted value of a slope of the smoothed data. 6. The data processing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by using a probability density function including the error as a parameter. 7. The data processing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by the N power of a value acquired by adding a constant to a predicted value of a relative value of the error, the predicted value being divided by a predicted value of an absolute value of the error, in a case where N is an integer of 0 or more. 8. A data processing apparatus in which processing is performed to data by using a double exponential smoothing method,
wherein the processing is performed to the data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, an exponential weighted moving average is performed to the error, and a coefficient of the exponential weighted moving average varies based on a predicted value of a slope of smoothed data. | According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plasma processing apparatus includes: a processing chamber in which plasma processing is performed to a sample; a radio frequency power source that supplies radio frequency power for generating plasma in the processing chamber; and a data processing apparatus that performs processing to light emission data of the plasma. The data processing apparatus performs the processing to the light emission by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data. A response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by a probability density function including the error as a parameter.1. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a chamber in which plasma processing is performed to a sample; a radio frequency power source configured to supply radio frequency power for generating plasma in the processing chamber; and a data processing apparatus configured to perform processing to light emission data of the plasma, wherein the data processing apparatus performs the processing to the light emission data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, the input data smoothed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the input data, is used as input data in an expression for calculating the predicted value of smoothed data, and the predicted value of smoothed data to which by a first order differential is performed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the predicted value of smoothed data, is used as a slope of the predicted value of smoothed data in an expression for calculating a predicted value of a slope of the smoothed data. 2. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by using a probability density function including the error as a parameter. 3. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by the N power of a value acquired by adding a constant to a predicted value of a relative value of the error, the predicted value being divided by a predicted value of an absolute value of the error, in a case where N is an integer of 0 or more. 4. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a processing chamber in which plasma processing is performed to a sample; a radio frequency power source configured to supply radio frequency power for generating plasma in the processing chamber; and a data processing apparatus configured to perform processing to light emission data of the plasma, wherein the data processing apparatus performs the processing to the light emission data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, an exponential weighted moving average is performed to the error, and a coefficient of the exponential weighted moving average varies based on a predicted value of a slope of smoothed data. 5. A data processing apparatus in which processing is performed to data by using a double exponential smoothing method,
wherein the processing is performed to the data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, the input data smoothed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the input data, is used as input data in an expression for calculating the predicted value of smoothed data, and the predicted value of smoothed data to which a first order differential is performed by a polynomial fitting method at the latest time of the predicted value of smoothed data, is used as a slope of the predicted value of smoothed data in an expression for calculating a predicted value of a slope of the smoothed data. 6. The data processing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by using a probability density function including the error as a parameter. 7. The data processing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a response coefficient of the smoothing parameter is derived by the N power of a value acquired by adding a constant to a predicted value of a relative value of the error, the predicted value being divided by a predicted value of an absolute value of the error, in a case where N is an integer of 0 or more. 8. A data processing apparatus in which processing is performed to data by using a double exponential smoothing method,
wherein the processing is performed to the data by using an adaptive double exponential smoothing method for varying a smoothing parameter based on an error between input data and a predicted value of smoothed data, an exponential weighted moving average is performed to the error, and a coefficient of the exponential weighted moving average varies based on a predicted value of a slope of smoothed data. | 2,600 |
343,256 | 16,802,620 | 2,684 | A signaling of the layer ID is described which each of the packets of a multi-layered video signal is associated with. In particular, an efficient way of signaling this layer association is achieved, with nevertheless maintaining the backward compatibility with codecs according to which a certain value of the base layer-ID field is restricted to be non-extendable such as base layer-ID value 0 in the base layer-ID field. Instead of circumventing this restriction specifically with respect to this non-extendable base layer-ID value, the layer-ID of portions of the multi-layer data stream is signaled in an extendable manner by sub-dividing the base layer-ID field into a first sub-field and a second sub-field: whenever the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion, an extension layer-ID field is provided, and if the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, the extension layer-ID field is omitted. | 1. A device configured to process a data stream representing video data, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a multi-layered data stream that represents a video coded into a plurality of layers and includes a plurality of packets, each of which is associated with one of the plurality of layers; and a processor, which when executes instructions, is configured to: for each of the plurality of packets,
read a base layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field,
check as to whether the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills the predetermined criterion, read an extension layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, and derive an extension value using the extension layer-ID field so that the extension value lies within a first subset of a domain of extension values,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, set an extension value to a value disjoint to the first subset of the domain of extension values,
derive a cluster value based on the second sub-field, and
determine an index value for the layer with which the respective packet is associated based on the cluster and extension values, and
reconstruct at least a portion of the video based on inter-layer prediction using inter-layer prediction dependencies according to the index values of the plurality of layers and prediction residual extracted from the plurality of packets. 2. The device according to 1, wherein the multi-layered data stream has the video coded thereinto at the plurality of layers using the inter-layer prediction such that any layer inter-layer predicted from another layer adds one or more of further views; depth information; alpha blending information; color component information; spatial resolution refinement; and SNR resolution refinement. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to read the predetermined criterion from the multi-layered data stream. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-field is formed by one bit of the base layer-ID field, and the second sub-field is formed by bits of the base layer-ID field other than the one bit. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to derive the extension value using the extension layer-ID field by adopting the extension layer-ID field as binary representation of the extension value directly, and in setting the extension value to the value disjoint to the first subset, set the extension value equal to 0. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform a mapping from a domain of possible values of the second sub-field onto a domain of cluster values to obtain the cluster value. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform the mapping from the domain of possible values of the first sub-field onto a domain of cluster values in both cases—the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion as well as the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills the predetermined criterion—by adopting the base layer-ID field as a binary representation of the cluster value directly. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the index value by concatenating the cluster and extension values. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the index value by using the cluster value to set a more significant digit and the extension value to set a lower significant digit of an index to the layer. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a video decoder configured to select packets of the multi-layered data stream for decoding based on the index values. 11. A method for decoding a data stream representing video data, the method comprising:
receiving a multi-layered data stream that represents a video coded into a plurality of layers and includes a plurality of packets, each of which is associated with one of the plurality of layers; for each of the plurality of packets,
reading a base layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field,
checking as to whether the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills the predetermined criterion, reading an extension layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, and derive an extension value using the extension layer-ID field so that the extension value lies within a first subset of a domain of extension values,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, setting an extension value to a value disjoint to the first subset of the domain of extension values,
deriving a cluster value based on the second sub-field, and
determining an index value for the layer with which the respective packet is associated based on the cluster and extension values; and
reconstructing at least a portion of the video based on inter-layer prediction using inter-layer prediction dependencies according to the index values of the plurality of layers and prediction residual extracted from the plurality of packets. 12. The method according to 11, wherein the multi-layered data stream has the video coded thereinto at the plurality of layers using the inter-layer prediction such that any layer inter-layer predicted from another layer adds one or more of further views; depth information; alpha blending information; color component information; spatial resolution refinement; and SNR resolution refinement. 13. The method according to 11, further comprising reading the predetermined criterion from the multi-layered data stream. 14. The method according to 11, wherein the first sub-field is formed by one bit of the base layer-ID field, and the second sub-field is formed by bits of the base layer-ID field other than the one bit. 15. The method according to 11, further comprising performing a mapping from a domain of possible values of the second sub-field onto a domain of cluster values to obtain the cluster value. 16. The method according to 11, further comprising determining the index value by concatenating the cluster and extension values. 17. The method according to 11, further comprising determining the index value by using the cluster value to set a more significant digit and the extension value to set a lower significant digit of an index to the layer. 18. An encoder configured to encode a video into a multi-layered data stream, the encoder comprising:
a processor, which when executes instructions, is configured to: encode at least a portion of the video into a plurality of layers based on inter-layer prediction using inter-layer prediction dependencies according to index values associated with the plurality of layers and generate prediction residual, wherein the multi-layered data stream includes a plurality of packets, each of which is associated with one of the plurality of layers, wherein the layer with which the respective packet is associated is uniquely determined by a cluster value and an extension value, the cluster and extension values associated with one of the index values; for each of the plurality of packets, responsive to a determination that the extension value is within a first subset of a domain of extension values, insert a base layer-ID field into the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field, wherein the cluster value is used to set the second sub-field and the first sub-field is set so as to fulfill a predetermined criterion, and insert an extension layer-ID into the multi-layered data stream, wherein the extension value is used to set the extension layer-ID; and responsive to a determination that the extension value equals a value disjoint to the first subset of the domain of extension values, insert a base layer-ID field into the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field, wherein the cluster value is used to set the second sub-field and the first sub-field is set so as to not fulfill the predetermined criterion. 19. The encoder according to 18, wherein each of the index value is a formed by concatenating the corresponding cluster and extension values. 20. A non-transitory digital storage medium having computer-readable code stored thereon to perform, when said storage medium is run by a computer, a method according to claim 18. | A signaling of the layer ID is described which each of the packets of a multi-layered video signal is associated with. In particular, an efficient way of signaling this layer association is achieved, with nevertheless maintaining the backward compatibility with codecs according to which a certain value of the base layer-ID field is restricted to be non-extendable such as base layer-ID value 0 in the base layer-ID field. Instead of circumventing this restriction specifically with respect to this non-extendable base layer-ID value, the layer-ID of portions of the multi-layer data stream is signaled in an extendable manner by sub-dividing the base layer-ID field into a first sub-field and a second sub-field: whenever the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion, an extension layer-ID field is provided, and if the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, the extension layer-ID field is omitted.1. A device configured to process a data stream representing video data, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a multi-layered data stream that represents a video coded into a plurality of layers and includes a plurality of packets, each of which is associated with one of the plurality of layers; and a processor, which when executes instructions, is configured to: for each of the plurality of packets,
read a base layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field,
check as to whether the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills the predetermined criterion, read an extension layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, and derive an extension value using the extension layer-ID field so that the extension value lies within a first subset of a domain of extension values,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, set an extension value to a value disjoint to the first subset of the domain of extension values,
derive a cluster value based on the second sub-field, and
determine an index value for the layer with which the respective packet is associated based on the cluster and extension values, and
reconstruct at least a portion of the video based on inter-layer prediction using inter-layer prediction dependencies according to the index values of the plurality of layers and prediction residual extracted from the plurality of packets. 2. The device according to 1, wherein the multi-layered data stream has the video coded thereinto at the plurality of layers using the inter-layer prediction such that any layer inter-layer predicted from another layer adds one or more of further views; depth information; alpha blending information; color component information; spatial resolution refinement; and SNR resolution refinement. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to read the predetermined criterion from the multi-layered data stream. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-field is formed by one bit of the base layer-ID field, and the second sub-field is formed by bits of the base layer-ID field other than the one bit. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to derive the extension value using the extension layer-ID field by adopting the extension layer-ID field as binary representation of the extension value directly, and in setting the extension value to the value disjoint to the first subset, set the extension value equal to 0. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform a mapping from a domain of possible values of the second sub-field onto a domain of cluster values to obtain the cluster value. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform the mapping from the domain of possible values of the first sub-field onto a domain of cluster values in both cases—the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion as well as the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills the predetermined criterion—by adopting the base layer-ID field as a binary representation of the cluster value directly. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the index value by concatenating the cluster and extension values. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the index value by using the cluster value to set a more significant digit and the extension value to set a lower significant digit of an index to the layer. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a video decoder configured to select packets of the multi-layered data stream for decoding based on the index values. 11. A method for decoding a data stream representing video data, the method comprising:
receiving a multi-layered data stream that represents a video coded into a plurality of layers and includes a plurality of packets, each of which is associated with one of the plurality of layers; for each of the plurality of packets,
reading a base layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field,
checking as to whether the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills the predetermined criterion, reading an extension layer-ID field from the multi-layered data stream, and derive an extension value using the extension layer-ID field so that the extension value lies within a first subset of a domain of extension values,
responsive to a determination that the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, setting an extension value to a value disjoint to the first subset of the domain of extension values,
deriving a cluster value based on the second sub-field, and
determining an index value for the layer with which the respective packet is associated based on the cluster and extension values; and
reconstructing at least a portion of the video based on inter-layer prediction using inter-layer prediction dependencies according to the index values of the plurality of layers and prediction residual extracted from the plurality of packets. 12. The method according to 11, wherein the multi-layered data stream has the video coded thereinto at the plurality of layers using the inter-layer prediction such that any layer inter-layer predicted from another layer adds one or more of further views; depth information; alpha blending information; color component information; spatial resolution refinement; and SNR resolution refinement. 13. The method according to 11, further comprising reading the predetermined criterion from the multi-layered data stream. 14. The method according to 11, wherein the first sub-field is formed by one bit of the base layer-ID field, and the second sub-field is formed by bits of the base layer-ID field other than the one bit. 15. The method according to 11, further comprising performing a mapping from a domain of possible values of the second sub-field onto a domain of cluster values to obtain the cluster value. 16. The method according to 11, further comprising determining the index value by concatenating the cluster and extension values. 17. The method according to 11, further comprising determining the index value by using the cluster value to set a more significant digit and the extension value to set a lower significant digit of an index to the layer. 18. An encoder configured to encode a video into a multi-layered data stream, the encoder comprising:
a processor, which when executes instructions, is configured to: encode at least a portion of the video into a plurality of layers based on inter-layer prediction using inter-layer prediction dependencies according to index values associated with the plurality of layers and generate prediction residual, wherein the multi-layered data stream includes a plurality of packets, each of which is associated with one of the plurality of layers, wherein the layer with which the respective packet is associated is uniquely determined by a cluster value and an extension value, the cluster and extension values associated with one of the index values; for each of the plurality of packets, responsive to a determination that the extension value is within a first subset of a domain of extension values, insert a base layer-ID field into the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field, wherein the cluster value is used to set the second sub-field and the first sub-field is set so as to fulfill a predetermined criterion, and insert an extension layer-ID into the multi-layered data stream, wherein the extension value is used to set the extension layer-ID; and responsive to a determination that the extension value equals a value disjoint to the first subset of the domain of extension values, insert a base layer-ID field into the multi-layered data stream, the base layer-ID field including a first sub-field and a second sub-field, wherein the cluster value is used to set the second sub-field and the first sub-field is set so as to not fulfill the predetermined criterion. 19. The encoder according to 18, wherein each of the index value is a formed by concatenating the corresponding cluster and extension values. 20. A non-transitory digital storage medium having computer-readable code stored thereon to perform, when said storage medium is run by a computer, a method according to claim 18. | 2,600 |
343,257 | 16,802,671 | 2,684 | A vehicle control interface connects a vehicle platform including a first computer that performs travel control of a vehicle and an autonomous driving platform including a second computer that performs autonomous driving control of the vehicle. The vehicle control interface includes a control unit configured to execute: acquiring, from the second computer, a first control command including at least one of first data on designating acceleration or deceleration and second data on designating a travel track; converting the first control command into a second control command for the first computer; and transmitting the second control command to the first computer. The first control command is data for controlling the vehicle platform. | 1. A vehicle control interface that connects a vehicle platform including a first computer that performs travel control of a vehicle and an autonomous driving platform including a second computer that performs autonomous driving control of the vehicle, the vehicle control interface comprising:
a control unit configured to execute:
acquiring, from the second computer, a first control command including at least one of first data on designating acceleration or deceleration and second data on designating a travel track, the first control command being data for controlling the vehicle platform;
converting the first control command into a second control command for the first computer; and
transmitting the second control command to the first computer. 2. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, wherein the first control command is data that is not specific to the first computer provided in the vehicle, and the second control command is data that is specific to the first computer. 3. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to, when the first control command includes data other than the first and second data, discard the data without converting the data. 4. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, further comprising:
a storage unit configured to store conversion information which is a rule for converting the first control command and the second control command, wherein the control unit is configured to convert the first control command into the second control command based on the conversion information. 5. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, wherein the first data is data which designates the acceleration or deceleration and the second data is data which designates a steering angle. 6. The vehicle control interface according to claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to calculate a range of the acceleration or deceleration or a range of an amount of change in the steering angle requestable to the first computer based on information acquired from the vehicle platform. 7. The vehicle control interface according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to, when the acceleration or deceleration designated by the first data exceeds the range requestable to the first computer, correct the acceleration or deceleration in a predetermined range. 8. The vehicle control interface according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to, when the amount of variation in the steering angle designated by the second data exceeds the range requestable to the first computer, correct the range of the amount of variation in the steering angle in a predetermined range. 9. The vehicle control interface according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to notify the second computer of the range of the acceleration or deceleration or the amount of variation in the steering angle requestable to the first computer. 10. A vehicle system comprising:
a vehicle platform including a first computer that performs travel control of a vehicle; and a vehicle control interface configured to connect the vehicle platform and an autonomous driving platform including a second computer that performs autonomous driving control of the vehicle, | A vehicle control interface connects a vehicle platform including a first computer that performs travel control of a vehicle and an autonomous driving platform including a second computer that performs autonomous driving control of the vehicle. The vehicle control interface includes a control unit configured to execute: acquiring, from the second computer, a first control command including at least one of first data on designating acceleration or deceleration and second data on designating a travel track; converting the first control command into a second control command for the first computer; and transmitting the second control command to the first computer. The first control command is data for controlling the vehicle platform.1. A vehicle control interface that connects a vehicle platform including a first computer that performs travel control of a vehicle and an autonomous driving platform including a second computer that performs autonomous driving control of the vehicle, the vehicle control interface comprising:
a control unit configured to execute:
acquiring, from the second computer, a first control command including at least one of first data on designating acceleration or deceleration and second data on designating a travel track, the first control command being data for controlling the vehicle platform;
converting the first control command into a second control command for the first computer; and
transmitting the second control command to the first computer. 2. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, wherein the first control command is data that is not specific to the first computer provided in the vehicle, and the second control command is data that is specific to the first computer. 3. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to, when the first control command includes data other than the first and second data, discard the data without converting the data. 4. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, further comprising:
a storage unit configured to store conversion information which is a rule for converting the first control command and the second control command, wherein the control unit is configured to convert the first control command into the second control command based on the conversion information. 5. The vehicle control interface according to claim 1, wherein the first data is data which designates the acceleration or deceleration and the second data is data which designates a steering angle. 6. The vehicle control interface according to claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to calculate a range of the acceleration or deceleration or a range of an amount of change in the steering angle requestable to the first computer based on information acquired from the vehicle platform. 7. The vehicle control interface according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to, when the acceleration or deceleration designated by the first data exceeds the range requestable to the first computer, correct the acceleration or deceleration in a predetermined range. 8. The vehicle control interface according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to, when the amount of variation in the steering angle designated by the second data exceeds the range requestable to the first computer, correct the range of the amount of variation in the steering angle in a predetermined range. 9. The vehicle control interface according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to notify the second computer of the range of the acceleration or deceleration or the amount of variation in the steering angle requestable to the first computer. 10. A vehicle system comprising:
a vehicle platform including a first computer that performs travel control of a vehicle; and a vehicle control interface configured to connect the vehicle platform and an autonomous driving platform including a second computer that performs autonomous driving control of the vehicle, | 2,600 |
343,258 | 16,802,699 | 2,684 | Embodiments described herein are directed to non-invasive detection of peripheral arterial disease. For example, a measuring apparatus is used to measure a patient's calf circumference. The measuring apparatus has text feature(s) or indicator(s) printed thereupon that indicate the likelihood that the patient has peripheral arterial disease based on the measured calf circumference. The assessment may be further refined by using a software application that assesses the likelihood of the patient having peripheral arterial disease using at least the calf circumference measurement, along with other information/data. Based on the assessment, a healthcare practitioner may prescribe a walking program for the patient to follow. A software application may track compliance of the walking program and provide escalating reminders to the patient if the patient continues to fail to comply with the prescribed walking program. | 1. A method performed by a computer associated with a healthcare practitioner to determine compliance of a walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner, comprising:
receiving, via a network, first sensor data from a mobile device that indicates a first number of steps a patient has taken within a predetermined time period; determining that the first number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; and transmitting, via the network, a first message having a first severity to a device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is the mobile device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a computing device associated with the patient that is different than the mobile device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the prescribed walking program is further based on a distance that the patient is able to walk within the predetermined time period. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the network, second sensor data from the mobile device that indicates a second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period; determining that the second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; transmitting, via the network, a second message having a second severity that is greater than the first severity to the device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first message is configured to be displayed via an application executing on the device associated with the patient. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the second message is a text message. 8. A system, comprising:
at least one processor circuit; and at least one memory that stores program code configured to be executed by the at least one processor circuit, the program code comprising:
a receiver configured to receive, via a network, first sensor data from a mobile device that indicates a first number of steps a patient has taken within a predetermined time period;
a compliance determiner configured to determine that the first number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with a walking program prescribed by a healthcare practitioner;
a transmitter configured to transmit, via the network, a first message having a first severity to a device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the device is the mobile device. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the device is a computing device associated with the patient that is different than the mobile device. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the prescribed walking program is based on a distance that the patient is able to walk within the predetermined time period. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive, via the network, second sensor data from the mobile device that indicates a second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period,
wherein the compliance determiner is further configured to determine that the second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner, and wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit, via the network, a second message having a second severity that is greater than the first severity to the device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first message is displayed via an application executing on the device associated with the patient. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second message is a text message. 15. A computer-readable storage medium having program instructions recorded thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, perform a method to determine compliance of a walking program prescribed by a healthcare practitioner, the method comprising:
receiving, via a network, first sensor data from a mobile device that indicates a first number of steps a patient has taken within a predetermined time period; determining that the first number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; and transmitting, via the network, a first message having a first severity to a device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the device is the mobile device. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the device is a computing device associated with the patient that is different than the mobile device. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the prescribed walking program is further based on a distance that the patient is able to walk within the predetermined time period. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the network, second sensor data from the mobile device that indicates a second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period; determining that the second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; transmitting, via the network, a second message having a second severity that is greater than the first severity to the device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first message is configured to be displayed via an application executing on the device associated with the patient. | Embodiments described herein are directed to non-invasive detection of peripheral arterial disease. For example, a measuring apparatus is used to measure a patient's calf circumference. The measuring apparatus has text feature(s) or indicator(s) printed thereupon that indicate the likelihood that the patient has peripheral arterial disease based on the measured calf circumference. The assessment may be further refined by using a software application that assesses the likelihood of the patient having peripheral arterial disease using at least the calf circumference measurement, along with other information/data. Based on the assessment, a healthcare practitioner may prescribe a walking program for the patient to follow. A software application may track compliance of the walking program and provide escalating reminders to the patient if the patient continues to fail to comply with the prescribed walking program.1. A method performed by a computer associated with a healthcare practitioner to determine compliance of a walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner, comprising:
receiving, via a network, first sensor data from a mobile device that indicates a first number of steps a patient has taken within a predetermined time period; determining that the first number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; and transmitting, via the network, a first message having a first severity to a device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is the mobile device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a computing device associated with the patient that is different than the mobile device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the prescribed walking program is further based on a distance that the patient is able to walk within the predetermined time period. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the network, second sensor data from the mobile device that indicates a second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period; determining that the second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; transmitting, via the network, a second message having a second severity that is greater than the first severity to the device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first message is configured to be displayed via an application executing on the device associated with the patient. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the second message is a text message. 8. A system, comprising:
at least one processor circuit; and at least one memory that stores program code configured to be executed by the at least one processor circuit, the program code comprising:
a receiver configured to receive, via a network, first sensor data from a mobile device that indicates a first number of steps a patient has taken within a predetermined time period;
a compliance determiner configured to determine that the first number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with a walking program prescribed by a healthcare practitioner;
a transmitter configured to transmit, via the network, a first message having a first severity to a device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the device is the mobile device. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the device is a computing device associated with the patient that is different than the mobile device. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the prescribed walking program is based on a distance that the patient is able to walk within the predetermined time period. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive, via the network, second sensor data from the mobile device that indicates a second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period,
wherein the compliance determiner is further configured to determine that the second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner, and wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit, via the network, a second message having a second severity that is greater than the first severity to the device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first message is displayed via an application executing on the device associated with the patient. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second message is a text message. 15. A computer-readable storage medium having program instructions recorded thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, perform a method to determine compliance of a walking program prescribed by a healthcare practitioner, the method comprising:
receiving, via a network, first sensor data from a mobile device that indicates a first number of steps a patient has taken within a predetermined time period; determining that the first number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; and transmitting, via the network, a first message having a first severity to a device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the device is the mobile device. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the device is a computing device associated with the patient that is different than the mobile device. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the prescribed walking program is further based on a distance that the patient is able to walk within the predetermined time period. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the network, second sensor data from the mobile device that indicates a second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period; determining that the second number of steps the patient has taken within the predetermined time period is not in compliance with the walking program prescribed by the healthcare practitioner; transmitting, via the network, a second message having a second severity that is greater than the first severity to the device associated with the patient indicating that the patient did not comply with the prescribed walking program. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first message is configured to be displayed via an application executing on the device associated with the patient. | 2,600 |
343,259 | 16,802,662 | 2,684 | A watch exterior part includes, in order, a substrate made of a metal, a foundation film including any of Ti, TiCN, TiC, TiN, TiO2, Si, and SiO2, and a metal coating mainly including Ru or including a Ru—Ti alloy, the metal coating being configured as an outermost film. | 1. A watch exterior part comprising, in order:
a substrate made of a metal; a foundation film including any of Ti, TiCN, TiC, TiN, TiO2, Si, and SiO2; and a metal coating mainly including Ru or including Ru—Ti alloy, the metal coating being configured as an outermost film. 2. The watch exterior part according to claim 1, wherein the substrate includes any of stainless steel, Ti, and Ti alloy. 3. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein
a content of the Ru in an entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 25 mass % to 75 mass %; and a content of the Ti in the entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 25 mass % to 75 mass %. 4. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein
a content of the Ru in an entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 50 mass % to 75 mass %; and a content of the Ti in the entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 25 mass % to 50 mass %. 5. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein an average thickness of the metal coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 6. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein an average thickness of the metal coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 7. The watch exterior part according to claim 4, wherein an average thickness of the metal coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 8. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein an average thickness of the foundation film is from 0.01 μm to 0.50 μm. 9. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein an average thickness of the foundation film is from 0.01 μm to 0.50 μm. 10. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein an intermediate coating is provided between the foundation film and the metal coating. 11. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein an intermediate coating is provided between the foundation film and the metal coating. 12. The watch exterior part according to claim 4, wherein an intermediate coating is provided between the foundation film and the metal coating. 13. The watch exterior part according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate coating is a film including TiCN. 14. The watch exterior part according to claim 10, wherein an average thickness of the intermediate coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 15. The watch exterior part according to claim 1, wherein a surface at a side provided with the metal coating has a nanoindenter hardness from 1000 to 1500, the nanoindenter hardness being measured with a load of 1.000 mN. 16. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein a surface at a side provided with the metal coating has a nanoindenter hardness from 1000 to 1500, the nanoindenter hardness being measured with a load of 1.000 mN. 17. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein a surface at a side provided with the metal coating has a nanoindenter hardness from 1000 to 1500, the nanoindenter hardness being measured with a load of 1.000 mN. 18. A watch comprising the watch exterior part according to claim 2. 19. A watch comprising the watch exterior part according to claim 3. 20. A watch comprising the watch exterior part according to claim 5. | A watch exterior part includes, in order, a substrate made of a metal, a foundation film including any of Ti, TiCN, TiC, TiN, TiO2, Si, and SiO2, and a metal coating mainly including Ru or including a Ru—Ti alloy, the metal coating being configured as an outermost film.1. A watch exterior part comprising, in order:
a substrate made of a metal; a foundation film including any of Ti, TiCN, TiC, TiN, TiO2, Si, and SiO2; and a metal coating mainly including Ru or including Ru—Ti alloy, the metal coating being configured as an outermost film. 2. The watch exterior part according to claim 1, wherein the substrate includes any of stainless steel, Ti, and Ti alloy. 3. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein
a content of the Ru in an entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 25 mass % to 75 mass %; and a content of the Ti in the entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 25 mass % to 75 mass %. 4. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein
a content of the Ru in an entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 50 mass % to 75 mass %; and a content of the Ti in the entirety of the Ru—Ti alloy is from 25 mass % to 50 mass %. 5. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein an average thickness of the metal coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 6. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein an average thickness of the metal coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 7. The watch exterior part according to claim 4, wherein an average thickness of the metal coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 8. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein an average thickness of the foundation film is from 0.01 μm to 0.50 μm. 9. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein an average thickness of the foundation film is from 0.01 μm to 0.50 μm. 10. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein an intermediate coating is provided between the foundation film and the metal coating. 11. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein an intermediate coating is provided between the foundation film and the metal coating. 12. The watch exterior part according to claim 4, wherein an intermediate coating is provided between the foundation film and the metal coating. 13. The watch exterior part according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate coating is a film including TiCN. 14. The watch exterior part according to claim 10, wherein an average thickness of the intermediate coating is from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. 15. The watch exterior part according to claim 1, wherein a surface at a side provided with the metal coating has a nanoindenter hardness from 1000 to 1500, the nanoindenter hardness being measured with a load of 1.000 mN. 16. The watch exterior part according to claim 2, wherein a surface at a side provided with the metal coating has a nanoindenter hardness from 1000 to 1500, the nanoindenter hardness being measured with a load of 1.000 mN. 17. The watch exterior part according to claim 3, wherein a surface at a side provided with the metal coating has a nanoindenter hardness from 1000 to 1500, the nanoindenter hardness being measured with a load of 1.000 mN. 18. A watch comprising the watch exterior part according to claim 2. 19. A watch comprising the watch exterior part according to claim 3. 20. A watch comprising the watch exterior part according to claim 5. | 2,600 |
343,260 | 16,802,672 | 2,684 | Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus and an ultrafine bubble generating method capable of efficiently generating UFBs with high purity. To this end, a chamber is formed by providing a wall, a lid substrate, and an electrode pad on an element substrate in a form of a wafer. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
an element substrate that is a substrate in a form of a wafer formed by slicing a single crystal ingot and that on which a plurality of heaters that generate the ultrafine bubbles by heating a liquid and a wiring connected to each of the heaters are provided. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a chamber that forms a space in which the heaters are located is formed on the element substrate. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the chamber includes a wall provided on the element substrate and having a predetermined height from a surface of the element substrate on which the heater is provided, and a substrate member provided to oppose the element substrate. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
an electrode pad provided in an end portion of the element substrate to allow a connection between an external wiring outside the element substrate and the wiring, wherein the chamber includes a supply port and a discharge port, and the liquid is supplied to the chamber from a supply pipe connected with the supply port, and the liquid in the chamber is discharged from a discharge pipe connected with the discharge port. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the supply port and the discharge port are provided in the substrate member. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the substrate member is an element substrate identical to the element substrate, and surfaces of the respective element substrates on which the heaters are provided oppose each other. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the chamber is formed by stacking a plurality of the element substrates with the wall arranged therebetween. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heater is formed on each of two surfaces of the element substrate. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the electrode pad is provided outside the chamber. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the electrode pad is connected with a flexible wiring substrate through wire bonding. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the wall is formed by photolithography. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a protection film that protects the heater and the wiring from heat and an impact is formed. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a cavitation-resistant film that protects the heater from heating of the heater and an impact of cavitation from bubbling is formed. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated by causing the heater to heat the liquid to generate film boiling. 15. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
a process of bringing a heater provided on a substrate in a form of a wafer sliced out from a single crystal ingot into contact with a liquid, and a process of driving the heater to heat the liquid. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 15, wherein
the process of driving includes generating the ultrafine bubbles by heating the liquid to generate film boiling. | Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus and an ultrafine bubble generating method capable of efficiently generating UFBs with high purity. To this end, a chamber is formed by providing a wall, a lid substrate, and an electrode pad on an element substrate in a form of a wafer.1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
an element substrate that is a substrate in a form of a wafer formed by slicing a single crystal ingot and that on which a plurality of heaters that generate the ultrafine bubbles by heating a liquid and a wiring connected to each of the heaters are provided. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a chamber that forms a space in which the heaters are located is formed on the element substrate. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the chamber includes a wall provided on the element substrate and having a predetermined height from a surface of the element substrate on which the heater is provided, and a substrate member provided to oppose the element substrate. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
an electrode pad provided in an end portion of the element substrate to allow a connection between an external wiring outside the element substrate and the wiring, wherein the chamber includes a supply port and a discharge port, and the liquid is supplied to the chamber from a supply pipe connected with the supply port, and the liquid in the chamber is discharged from a discharge pipe connected with the discharge port. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the supply port and the discharge port are provided in the substrate member. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the substrate member is an element substrate identical to the element substrate, and surfaces of the respective element substrates on which the heaters are provided oppose each other. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the chamber is formed by stacking a plurality of the element substrates with the wall arranged therebetween. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heater is formed on each of two surfaces of the element substrate. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the electrode pad is provided outside the chamber. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the electrode pad is connected with a flexible wiring substrate through wire bonding. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the wall is formed by photolithography. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a protection film that protects the heater and the wiring from heat and an impact is formed. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a cavitation-resistant film that protects the heater from heating of the heater and an impact of cavitation from bubbling is formed. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated by causing the heater to heat the liquid to generate film boiling. 15. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles, comprising:
a process of bringing a heater provided on a substrate in a form of a wafer sliced out from a single crystal ingot into contact with a liquid, and a process of driving the heater to heat the liquid. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 15, wherein
the process of driving includes generating the ultrafine bubbles by heating the liquid to generate film boiling. | 2,600 |
343,261 | 16,802,659 | 2,882 | A secure display stand for an electronic device or other object plays electronic media relating to the device on display. A holder holds the electronic device to be displayed, and an arm extends from the surface to the holder. A projector is associated with the arm and directed towards the surface to project media images onto the surface. | 1. A secure display stand for an electronic device or wearable or other object, the secure stand playing electronic media, the secure display stand comprising:
a holder for holding said electronic device; an arm extending from a surface to said holder; and a projector associated with said arm and directed towards said surface to project media images of said electronic media onto said surface. 2. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said holder comprises:
a socket; a lock for locking around a body or bracelet or strap of the electronic device or wearable or other object to be displayed; and a bracket extending from said bracelet lock, the bracket having a charging element for charging of said wearable, wherein the lock is attached by a retractable cord to the socket. 3. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector is configured to correct said images for distortion due to an angle of projection onto said surface. 4. The secure display stand of claim 3, comprising a lens arrangement for carrying out said correcting to a projected beam carrying said images. 5. The secure display stand of claim 3, wherein said lens arrangement is further configured to provide a short/ultra-short throw ratio, thereby to provide a projection area, which is large, compared to the projection distance. 6. The secure display stand of claim 1, further comprising a prism for directing light from said projector to a hole in said arm to project light through said hole onto said surface, thereby allowing said projector to be aligned along a length of said arm. 7. The secure display stand of claim 4, further comprising a prism or mirror for directing light from said projector to a hole in said arm to project light through said hole onto said surface, wherein said lens arrangement is located between an objective lens of said projector and said prism. 8. The secure display stand of claim 3, comprising a correction unit configured to provide keystone correction to the images prior to projection, the correction being as to compensate for said distortion. 9. The secure display stand of claim 2, comprising a recoiler box located under said surface to retract and extend said cord, or wherein said cord comprises a curly cord. 10. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector comprises an opening built into a wall of said arm, the opening being for projection therethrough. 11. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector comprises a micro-projector or a pico projector or a laser projector or a nano-projector. 12. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector comprises a light source located in said arm. 13. The secure display stand of claim 12, wherein said projector comprises a light source located outside of said arm and connected to project through said lens using an optical fiber. 14. The secure display stand of claim 12, wherein said light source comprises one member of the group comprising one or more light emitting diodes or a semiconductor laser. 15. The secure display stand of claim 1, further comprising a camera, the camera being directed at an image projected onto said surface. 16. The secure display stand of claim 15, wherein said camera is connected to an image processing module to translate user interactions with said image into commands, thereby to provide interactivity with said projection. | A secure display stand for an electronic device or other object plays electronic media relating to the device on display. A holder holds the electronic device to be displayed, and an arm extends from the surface to the holder. A projector is associated with the arm and directed towards the surface to project media images onto the surface.1. A secure display stand for an electronic device or wearable or other object, the secure stand playing electronic media, the secure display stand comprising:
a holder for holding said electronic device; an arm extending from a surface to said holder; and a projector associated with said arm and directed towards said surface to project media images of said electronic media onto said surface. 2. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said holder comprises:
a socket; a lock for locking around a body or bracelet or strap of the electronic device or wearable or other object to be displayed; and a bracket extending from said bracelet lock, the bracket having a charging element for charging of said wearable, wherein the lock is attached by a retractable cord to the socket. 3. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector is configured to correct said images for distortion due to an angle of projection onto said surface. 4. The secure display stand of claim 3, comprising a lens arrangement for carrying out said correcting to a projected beam carrying said images. 5. The secure display stand of claim 3, wherein said lens arrangement is further configured to provide a short/ultra-short throw ratio, thereby to provide a projection area, which is large, compared to the projection distance. 6. The secure display stand of claim 1, further comprising a prism for directing light from said projector to a hole in said arm to project light through said hole onto said surface, thereby allowing said projector to be aligned along a length of said arm. 7. The secure display stand of claim 4, further comprising a prism or mirror for directing light from said projector to a hole in said arm to project light through said hole onto said surface, wherein said lens arrangement is located between an objective lens of said projector and said prism. 8. The secure display stand of claim 3, comprising a correction unit configured to provide keystone correction to the images prior to projection, the correction being as to compensate for said distortion. 9. The secure display stand of claim 2, comprising a recoiler box located under said surface to retract and extend said cord, or wherein said cord comprises a curly cord. 10. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector comprises an opening built into a wall of said arm, the opening being for projection therethrough. 11. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector comprises a micro-projector or a pico projector or a laser projector or a nano-projector. 12. The secure display stand of claim 1, wherein said projector comprises a light source located in said arm. 13. The secure display stand of claim 12, wherein said projector comprises a light source located outside of said arm and connected to project through said lens using an optical fiber. 14. The secure display stand of claim 12, wherein said light source comprises one member of the group comprising one or more light emitting diodes or a semiconductor laser. 15. The secure display stand of claim 1, further comprising a camera, the camera being directed at an image projected onto said surface. 16. The secure display stand of claim 15, wherein said camera is connected to an image processing module to translate user interactions with said image into commands, thereby to provide interactivity with said projection. | 2,800 |
343,262 | 16,802,630 | 2,882 | A method for a mobile terminal to access a network with a multi-link with a plurality of network access points. When the terminal wishes to obtain a quality of service expressed in the form of a minimum bitrate constraint on the uplink, it determines the identity and the number of access points with which it must establish a link to meet this constraint while minimizing its emission power. A MEC network with a mobile terminal that can request the network to support a computational task under latency constraint. | 1. A method for a user terminal to access a network comprising a plurality of access points, said terminal being able to establish a multi-link on the uplink with a plurality N of such access points with a same plurality of transmission channels, characterised in that, when the terminal wishes to obtain a quality of service expressed in the form of a minimum bitrate, Rmin, on the uplink, said terminal:
obtains a channel quality indicator, ai, for each transmission channel Li of said plurality, the transmission channels being indexed by decreasing quality level from their respective quality indicators; determines an optimal number of transmission channels, for transmitting said minimum bitrate, said optimal number being obtained as the smallest integer N*≤N satisfying Rmin/B≤ρ−N*log2(aN*+1), where 2. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the quality indicators of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N, are obtained by 3. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the quality indicators of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N, are obtained by 4. The method for a user terminal access to a network according to claim 2, wherein the quality indicators of the transmission channels are weighted by the respective outage probabilities of these channels. 5. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the terminal measures the power levels of the signals received from the access points of said plurality and transmits them to the network, and that the network determines, from these power levels, the quality indicators of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N, between the terminal and the various access points. 6. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the network is a MEC network including a computing server and that the terminal broadcasts to the network a request to execute a computational task within a maximum computing latency time Tc, and that the minimum bitrate, Rmin, on the uplink is determined by 7. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 6, wherein only the access points that can support said execution request send an acknowledgement message to the terminal, said plurality N of access points then being constituted by those whose acknowledgement messages have been received by the terminal. 8. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 6, wherein the terminal distributes the packet of nb bits to be transmitted on the uplink on each of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N*, each transmission channel Li transmitting in parallel a sub-packet of a size 9. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the network is a heterogeneous network comprising macrocells and small cells, that the access points are base stations of said small cells operating in the millimetre band. | A method for a mobile terminal to access a network with a multi-link with a plurality of network access points. When the terminal wishes to obtain a quality of service expressed in the form of a minimum bitrate constraint on the uplink, it determines the identity and the number of access points with which it must establish a link to meet this constraint while minimizing its emission power. A MEC network with a mobile terminal that can request the network to support a computational task under latency constraint.1. A method for a user terminal to access a network comprising a plurality of access points, said terminal being able to establish a multi-link on the uplink with a plurality N of such access points with a same plurality of transmission channels, characterised in that, when the terminal wishes to obtain a quality of service expressed in the form of a minimum bitrate, Rmin, on the uplink, said terminal:
obtains a channel quality indicator, ai, for each transmission channel Li of said plurality, the transmission channels being indexed by decreasing quality level from their respective quality indicators; determines an optimal number of transmission channels, for transmitting said minimum bitrate, said optimal number being obtained as the smallest integer N*≤N satisfying Rmin/B≤ρ−N*log2(aN*+1), where 2. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the quality indicators of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N, are obtained by 3. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the quality indicators of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N, are obtained by 4. The method for a user terminal access to a network according to claim 2, wherein the quality indicators of the transmission channels are weighted by the respective outage probabilities of these channels. 5. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the terminal measures the power levels of the signals received from the access points of said plurality and transmits them to the network, and that the network determines, from these power levels, the quality indicators of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N, between the terminal and the various access points. 6. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the network is a MEC network including a computing server and that the terminal broadcasts to the network a request to execute a computational task within a maximum computing latency time Tc, and that the minimum bitrate, Rmin, on the uplink is determined by 7. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 6, wherein only the access points that can support said execution request send an acknowledgement message to the terminal, said plurality N of access points then being constituted by those whose acknowledgement messages have been received by the terminal. 8. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 6, wherein the terminal distributes the packet of nb bits to be transmitted on the uplink on each of the transmission channels Li, i=1, . . . , N*, each transmission channel Li transmitting in parallel a sub-packet of a size 9. The method for a user terminal to access a network according to claim 1, wherein the network is a heterogeneous network comprising macrocells and small cells, that the access points are base stations of said small cells operating in the millimetre band. | 2,800 |
343,263 | 16,802,631 | 2,882 | According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a storage device and a controller. The controller is configured to control data write to the storage device and data read from the storage device based on a request from a host device. The controller is configured to maintain or invert logic of first data that is part of transmit data to be transferred to the storage device by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI) through N data signal lines (N is a natural number of one or more), create second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data, and transfer the first data and the second data to the storage device through the N data signal lines. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a storage device; and a controller configured to control data write to the storage device and data read from the storage device based on a request from a host device, wherein the controller is configured to:
maintain or invert logic of first data that are part of transmit data to be transferred to the storage device by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI) through N data signal lines (N is a natural number of one or more);
create second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data; and
transfer the first data and the second data to the storage device through the N data signal lines. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each N-bit third data to be transferred at a same UI as the first data to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the third data. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each M-bit fourth data to be transferred on M clock edges (M is a natural number of one or more) as the first data through each of the N data signal lines to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the fourth data. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the second data are allocated such that each of the plurality of items of flag data is transferred through a data signal line that is the same as a data signal line for corresponding data of the M-bit fourth data, respectively. 5. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to create the second data for each fifth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for a storage area of the storage device as the first data. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to create the second data for each sixth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for data transfer between the controller and the storage device as the first data. 7. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to create the second data for each seventh data having size to be transferred on N clock edges the number of which is equal to that of the N data signal lines as the first data. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the storage device is configured to receive the first data and the second data through the N data signal lines, determine presence or absence of inversion of logic of the received first data based on the received second data, and maintain or invert the logic of the first data. 9. The memory system of claim 1, wherein
the storage device is configured to:
maintain or invert logic of eighth data that are part of transmit data to be transferred to the controller by N bits per 1 UI through the N data signal lines;
create ninth data indicating presence or absence of inversion of logic of the eighth data; and
transfer the eighth data and the ninth data to the controller through the N data signal lines. 10. A controller comprising:
N terminals (N is a natural number of one or more) connectable to N data signal lines to output transmit data by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI); and a circuit configured to maintain or invert logic of first data that are part of the transmit data, create second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data, and output the first data and the second data from the N terminals. 11. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each N-bit third data to be output at a same UI as the first data to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the third data. 12. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each M-bit fourth data to be output on M clock edges (M is a natural number of one or more) as the first data through each of the N data signal lines to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the fourth data. 13. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is capable of connecting to a storage device and configured to create the second data for each fifth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for a storage area of the storage device as the first data, or to create the second data for each sixth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for data transfer between the controller and the storage device as the first data. 14. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is configured to create the second data for each seventh data having size to be output on N clock edges the number of which is equal to that of the N data signal lines as the first data. 15. A data transfer method of an electronic device configured to transfer transmit data to an external device by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI) through N data signal lines (N is a natural number of one or more), the method comprising:
maintaining or inverting logic of first data that are part of the transmit data; creating second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data; and transferring the first data and the second data to the external device through the N data signal lines. 16. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising determining necessity for inversion of logic for each N-bit third data to be transferred at a same UI as the first data to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the third data. 17. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising determining necessity for inversion of logic for each M-bit fourth data to be transferred on M clock edges (M is a natural number of one or more) as the first data through each of the N data signal lines to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the fourth data. 18. The data transfer method of claim 15, wherein the second data are allocated such that each of the plurality of items of flag data is transferred through a data signal line that is the same as a data signal line for corresponding data of the M-bit fourth data, respectively. 19. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising creating the second data for each fifth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for a storage area of the storage device as the first data, or creating the second data for each sixth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for data transfer between the controller and the storage device as the first data. 20. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising creating the second data for each seventh data having size to be transferred on N clock edges the number of which is equal to that of the N data signal lines as the first data. | According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a storage device and a controller. The controller is configured to control data write to the storage device and data read from the storage device based on a request from a host device. The controller is configured to maintain or invert logic of first data that is part of transmit data to be transferred to the storage device by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI) through N data signal lines (N is a natural number of one or more), create second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data, and transfer the first data and the second data to the storage device through the N data signal lines.1. A memory system comprising:
a storage device; and a controller configured to control data write to the storage device and data read from the storage device based on a request from a host device, wherein the controller is configured to:
maintain or invert logic of first data that are part of transmit data to be transferred to the storage device by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI) through N data signal lines (N is a natural number of one or more);
create second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data; and
transfer the first data and the second data to the storage device through the N data signal lines. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each N-bit third data to be transferred at a same UI as the first data to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the third data. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each M-bit fourth data to be transferred on M clock edges (M is a natural number of one or more) as the first data through each of the N data signal lines to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the fourth data. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the second data are allocated such that each of the plurality of items of flag data is transferred through a data signal line that is the same as a data signal line for corresponding data of the M-bit fourth data, respectively. 5. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to create the second data for each fifth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for a storage area of the storage device as the first data. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to create the second data for each sixth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for data transfer between the controller and the storage device as the first data. 7. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to create the second data for each seventh data having size to be transferred on N clock edges the number of which is equal to that of the N data signal lines as the first data. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the storage device is configured to receive the first data and the second data through the N data signal lines, determine presence or absence of inversion of logic of the received first data based on the received second data, and maintain or invert the logic of the first data. 9. The memory system of claim 1, wherein
the storage device is configured to:
maintain or invert logic of eighth data that are part of transmit data to be transferred to the controller by N bits per 1 UI through the N data signal lines;
create ninth data indicating presence or absence of inversion of logic of the eighth data; and
transfer the eighth data and the ninth data to the controller through the N data signal lines. 10. A controller comprising:
N terminals (N is a natural number of one or more) connectable to N data signal lines to output transmit data by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI); and a circuit configured to maintain or invert logic of first data that are part of the transmit data, create second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data, and output the first data and the second data from the N terminals. 11. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each N-bit third data to be output at a same UI as the first data to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the third data. 12. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is configured to determine necessity for inversion of logic for each M-bit fourth data to be output on M clock edges (M is a natural number of one or more) as the first data through each of the N data signal lines to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the fourth data. 13. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is capable of connecting to a storage device and configured to create the second data for each fifth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for a storage area of the storage device as the first data, or to create the second data for each sixth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for data transfer between the controller and the storage device as the first data. 14. The controller of claim 10, wherein the circuit is configured to create the second data for each seventh data having size to be output on N clock edges the number of which is equal to that of the N data signal lines as the first data. 15. A data transfer method of an electronic device configured to transfer transmit data to an external device by N bits per 1 unit interval (UI) through N data signal lines (N is a natural number of one or more), the method comprising:
maintaining or inverting logic of first data that are part of the transmit data; creating second data indicating presence or absence of inversion of the logic of the first data; and transferring the first data and the second data to the external device through the N data signal lines. 16. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising determining necessity for inversion of logic for each N-bit third data to be transferred at a same UI as the first data to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the third data. 17. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising determining necessity for inversion of logic for each M-bit fourth data to be transferred on M clock edges (M is a natural number of one or more) as the first data through each of the N data signal lines to create second data including a plurality of items of flag data each indicating presence or absence of inversion of the fourth data. 18. The data transfer method of claim 15, wherein the second data are allocated such that each of the plurality of items of flag data is transferred through a data signal line that is the same as a data signal line for corresponding data of the M-bit fourth data, respectively. 19. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising creating the second data for each fifth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for a storage area of the storage device as the first data, or creating the second data for each sixth data having size corresponding to a unit of processing for data transfer between the controller and the storage device as the first data. 20. The data transfer method of claim 15, further comprising creating the second data for each seventh data having size to be transferred on N clock edges the number of which is equal to that of the N data signal lines as the first data. | 2,800 |
343,264 | 16,802,646 | 2,882 | A robotic surgical system includes a robotic surgical assembly and a control assembly. The robotic surgical assembly includes a robotic actuation assembly, a processing device, and a first communication device. The robotic actuation assembly includes a robotic arm. The processing device is configured to instruct the robotic actuation assembly to perform a task based on a set of instructions. The first communication device is operable to transfer the set of instructions to the processing device. The control assembly includes a second communication device and a user input device. The second communication device is operable to communicate the set of instructions to the first communication device. The user input device assembly is configured to generate the set of instructions and send the set of instruction to the second communication device. At least a portion of the instructions are based on positioning of the user input device within three-dimensional space. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A robotic surgical system, comprising:
(a) a robotic surgical assembly, comprising:
(i) a robotic arm configured to move based on a set of instructions,
(ii) a first processing device configured to transmit the set of instructions to the robotic arm;
(b) a control assembly, comprising:
(i) a first user input device configured to generate the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm, and
(ii) a second processing device, wherein the second processing device is configured to receive the set of instructions generated by the first user input device and transmit the set of instructions to the first processing device of the robotic surgical assembly; and
(c) a clutch assembly in communication with the first user input device and the second processing device, wherein the clutch assembly comprises:
(i) a first bus unit configured to store the set of instructions generated by the first user input device prior to the second processing device receiving the set of instructions, and
(ii) a first clutching switch configured to selectively release the set of instructions from the first bus unit to the second processing device. 22. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the control assembly comprises a second user input device configured to generate a second set of instructions. 23. The robotic surgical system of claim 22, wherein the robotic surgical assembly comprises a second robotic arm configured to move based on the second set of instructions. 24. The robotics surgical system of claim 23, wherein the second processing device is configured to receive the second set of instructions generated by the second user input device and transmit the second set of instructions to the first processing device of the robotic surgical assembly. 25. The robotic surgical system of claim 24, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a second bus unit configured to store the second set of instructions generated by the second user input device prior to the second processing device receiving the second set of instructions. 26. The robotic surgical system of claim 25, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a second clutching switch configured to selectively release the second set of instructions from the second bus unit to the second processing device. 27. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the set of instructions comprises a position signal. 28. The robotic surgical system of claim 27, wherein the set of instructions further comprises a rotation signal. 29. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the robotic surgical assembly further comprises a surgical instrument attached to the robotic arm. 30. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the first user input device comprises a position sensing assembly configured to generate at least a portion of the set of instructions based on the positioning of the position sensing assembly within three-dimensional space. 31. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the first user input device is in wireless communication with the second processing device. 32. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a foot control. 33. The robotic surgical system of claim 32, wherein the foot control is configured to activate the first clutching switch. 34. The robotic surgical system of claim 32, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a second clutching switch, wherein the foot control is configured to activate the second clutching switch. 35. The robotic surgical system of claim 34, wherein both the first clutching switch and the second clutching switch must be activated in order to release the set of instructions from the first bus unit to the second processing device. 36. A robotic surgical system, comprising:
(a) a robotic surgical assembly, comprising a robotic arm configured to move based on a set of instructions; (b) a processing assembly configured to transmit the set of instructions to the robotic arm; (c) a control assembly, comprising a first user input device configured to generate the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm; and (d) a clutch assembly in communication with the first user input device and the processing assembly, wherein the clutch assembly comprises:
(i) a first bus unit configured to store the set of instructions generated by the first user input device prior to the processing assembly receiving the set of instructions, and
(ii) a first clutching switch configured to selectively release the set of instructions from the first bus unit to the processing assembly. 37. The robotic surgical system of claim 36, wherein the processing assembly comprises a first processing device in communication with the robotic surgical assembly and a second processing device in communication with the control assembly, wherein the clutch assembly is in communication with the second processing device. 38. The robotic surgical system of claim 37, wherein the second processing device is in communication with the first processing device. 39. The robotic surgical system of claim 37, wherein the control assembly further comprises a video screen, wherein the robotic arm further comprises a camera configured to capture a video image and transmit the video image to the video screen of the control assembly. 40. A robotic surgical system, comprising:
(a) a robotic surgical assembly, comprising a robotic arm configured to move based on a set of instructions; (b) a processing assembly configured to transmit the set of instructions to the robotic arm; (c) a control assembly, comprising:
(i) a first user input device configured to generate a first portion of the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm, and
(ii) a second user input device configured to generate a second portion of the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm; and
(d) a clutch assembly in communication with the first user input device and the processing assembly, wherein the clutch assembly comprises:
(i) a bus unit assembly configured to store the set of instructions generated by the first user input device and the second user input device prior to the processing assembly receiving the set of instructions, and
(ii) a clutching switch assembly configured to selectively release the set of instructions from the bus unit assembly to the processing assembly. | A robotic surgical system includes a robotic surgical assembly and a control assembly. The robotic surgical assembly includes a robotic actuation assembly, a processing device, and a first communication device. The robotic actuation assembly includes a robotic arm. The processing device is configured to instruct the robotic actuation assembly to perform a task based on a set of instructions. The first communication device is operable to transfer the set of instructions to the processing device. The control assembly includes a second communication device and a user input device. The second communication device is operable to communicate the set of instructions to the first communication device. The user input device assembly is configured to generate the set of instructions and send the set of instruction to the second communication device. At least a portion of the instructions are based on positioning of the user input device within three-dimensional space.1-20. (canceled) 21. A robotic surgical system, comprising:
(a) a robotic surgical assembly, comprising:
(i) a robotic arm configured to move based on a set of instructions,
(ii) a first processing device configured to transmit the set of instructions to the robotic arm;
(b) a control assembly, comprising:
(i) a first user input device configured to generate the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm, and
(ii) a second processing device, wherein the second processing device is configured to receive the set of instructions generated by the first user input device and transmit the set of instructions to the first processing device of the robotic surgical assembly; and
(c) a clutch assembly in communication with the first user input device and the second processing device, wherein the clutch assembly comprises:
(i) a first bus unit configured to store the set of instructions generated by the first user input device prior to the second processing device receiving the set of instructions, and
(ii) a first clutching switch configured to selectively release the set of instructions from the first bus unit to the second processing device. 22. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the control assembly comprises a second user input device configured to generate a second set of instructions. 23. The robotic surgical system of claim 22, wherein the robotic surgical assembly comprises a second robotic arm configured to move based on the second set of instructions. 24. The robotics surgical system of claim 23, wherein the second processing device is configured to receive the second set of instructions generated by the second user input device and transmit the second set of instructions to the first processing device of the robotic surgical assembly. 25. The robotic surgical system of claim 24, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a second bus unit configured to store the second set of instructions generated by the second user input device prior to the second processing device receiving the second set of instructions. 26. The robotic surgical system of claim 25, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a second clutching switch configured to selectively release the second set of instructions from the second bus unit to the second processing device. 27. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the set of instructions comprises a position signal. 28. The robotic surgical system of claim 27, wherein the set of instructions further comprises a rotation signal. 29. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the robotic surgical assembly further comprises a surgical instrument attached to the robotic arm. 30. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the first user input device comprises a position sensing assembly configured to generate at least a portion of the set of instructions based on the positioning of the position sensing assembly within three-dimensional space. 31. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the first user input device is in wireless communication with the second processing device. 32. The robotic surgical system of claim 21, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a foot control. 33. The robotic surgical system of claim 32, wherein the foot control is configured to activate the first clutching switch. 34. The robotic surgical system of claim 32, wherein the clutch assembly further comprises a second clutching switch, wherein the foot control is configured to activate the second clutching switch. 35. The robotic surgical system of claim 34, wherein both the first clutching switch and the second clutching switch must be activated in order to release the set of instructions from the first bus unit to the second processing device. 36. A robotic surgical system, comprising:
(a) a robotic surgical assembly, comprising a robotic arm configured to move based on a set of instructions; (b) a processing assembly configured to transmit the set of instructions to the robotic arm; (c) a control assembly, comprising a first user input device configured to generate the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm; and (d) a clutch assembly in communication with the first user input device and the processing assembly, wherein the clutch assembly comprises:
(i) a first bus unit configured to store the set of instructions generated by the first user input device prior to the processing assembly receiving the set of instructions, and
(ii) a first clutching switch configured to selectively release the set of instructions from the first bus unit to the processing assembly. 37. The robotic surgical system of claim 36, wherein the processing assembly comprises a first processing device in communication with the robotic surgical assembly and a second processing device in communication with the control assembly, wherein the clutch assembly is in communication with the second processing device. 38. The robotic surgical system of claim 37, wherein the second processing device is in communication with the first processing device. 39. The robotic surgical system of claim 37, wherein the control assembly further comprises a video screen, wherein the robotic arm further comprises a camera configured to capture a video image and transmit the video image to the video screen of the control assembly. 40. A robotic surgical system, comprising:
(a) a robotic surgical assembly, comprising a robotic arm configured to move based on a set of instructions; (b) a processing assembly configured to transmit the set of instructions to the robotic arm; (c) a control assembly, comprising:
(i) a first user input device configured to generate a first portion of the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm, and
(ii) a second user input device configured to generate a second portion of the set of instructions used by the robotic actuation assembly to move the robotic arm; and
(d) a clutch assembly in communication with the first user input device and the processing assembly, wherein the clutch assembly comprises:
(i) a bus unit assembly configured to store the set of instructions generated by the first user input device and the second user input device prior to the processing assembly receiving the set of instructions, and
(ii) a clutching switch assembly configured to selectively release the set of instructions from the bus unit assembly to the processing assembly. | 2,800 |
343,265 | 16,802,641 | 2,882 | A cooling system includes a primary heat sink including a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack including a plurality of fins, where the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate. The cooling system further includes secondary heat sink including a secondary top base plate, a secondary bottom base plate and a secondary fin pack including a plurality of fins, where the secondary fin pack is disposed between the secondary top base plate and the secondary bottom base plate. A heat pipe extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate, where the heat pipe further extends from the primary heat sink and couples with the secondary heat sink. | 1. (canceled) 2. The cooling system of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of secondary heat sinks coupled with the primary heat sink. 3. The cooling system of claim 6, wherein a top portion of the heat pipe extends between the primary top base plate and a top side of the primary fin pack, and a bottom portion of the heat pipe extends between the primary bottom base plate and a bottom side of the primary fin pack. 4. A cooling system comprising:
a primary heat sink comprising a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate; a secondary heat sink comprising a secondary top base plate, a secondary bottom base plate and a secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the secondary fin pack is disposed between the secondary top base plate and the secondary bottom base plate; and a plurality of heat pipes extending between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate so as to couple the primary heat sink with the secondary heat sink, the plurality of heat pipes comprising: a first heat pipe extending from the primary top base plate to the primary bottom base plate and further from the primary bottom base plate to the secondary bottom base plate; and a second heat pipe extending from the primary bottom base plate to the primary top base plate and further from the primary top base plate to the secondary top base plate. 5. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein a length dimension of the fins for the secondary fin pack is less than a length dimension of the fins for the primary fin pack, and each length dimension is defined in a direction of airflow through the primary fin pack and the secondary fin pack. 6. A cooling system comprising:
a primary heat sink comprising a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate; a secondary heat sink comprising a secondary top base plate, a secondary bottom base plate and a secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the secondary fin pack is disposed between the secondary top base plate and the secondary bottom base plate; and a heat pipe that extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate, wherein the heat pipe further extends from the primary heat sink and couples with the secondary heat sink; wherein each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate includes a cut-out section, and the cooling system further comprises a primary top block plate connected with the primary top base plate at the cut-out section, and a primary bottom block plate connected with the primary bottom base plate at the cut-out section. 7. The cooling system of claim 6, wherein each of the primary top block plate and the primary bottom block plate has a different thermal conductivity in relation to each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate. 8-9. (canceled) 10. A cooling system comprising:
a primary heat sink comprising a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate; a first secondary heat sink comprising a first secondary top base plate, a first secondary bottom base plate and a first secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the first secondary fin pack is disposed between the first secondary top base plate and the first secondary bottom base plate; a second secondary heat sink comprising a second secondary top base plate, a second secondary bottom base plate and a second secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the second secondary fin pack is disposed between the second secondary top base plate and the second secondary bottom base plate; and a plurality of heat pipes, the plurality of heat pipes comprising: a first heat pipe that extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate and further extends from the primary heat sink to couple with the first secondary heat sink; and a second heat pipe that extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate and further extends from the primary heat sink to couple with the second secondary heat sink; wherein: a top portion of each of the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe extends between the primary top base plate and a top side of the primary fin pack, and a bottom portion of each of the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe extends between the primary bottom base plate and a bottom side of the primary fin pack; the first heat pipe extends from the primary top base plate to the primary bottom base plate and further from the primary bottom base plate to the first secondary bottom base plate; and
the second heat pipe extends from the primary top base plate to the primary bottom base plate and further from the primary bottom base plate to the second secondary bottom base plate. 11. The cooling system of claim 10, further comprising:
a third heat pipe that extends from the primary bottom base plate to the primary top base plate and further from the primary top base plate to the first secondary top base plate; and a fourth heat pipe that extends from the primary bottom base plate to the primary top base plate and further from the primary top base plate to the second secondary top base plate. 12. The cooling system of claim 10, wherein a length dimension of the fins for each of the first secondary fin pack and the second secondary fin pack is less than a length dimension of the fins for the primary fin pack, and each length dimension is defined in a direction of airflow through the primary fin pack, the first secondary fin pack and the second secondary fin pack. 13. The cooling system of claim 10, wherein each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate includes a cut-out section, and the cooling system further comprises a primary top block plate connected with the primary top base plate at the cut-out section, and a primary bottom block plate connected with the primary bottom base plate at the cut-out section. 14. The cooling system of claim 13, wherein each of the primary top block plate and the primary bottom block plate has a different thermal conductivity in relation to each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB); a heat generating component integrated with the PCB; and the cooling system of claim 4. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
one or more fans disposed along the PCB so as to direct a flow of air through each of the primary fin pack and the secondary fin pack. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cooling system further comprises a plurality of secondary heat sinks disposed along the PCB and coupled with the primary heat sink. 18. (canceled) 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the heat generating component comprises a processor. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus comprises a server that houses the PCB and the cooling system. | A cooling system includes a primary heat sink including a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack including a plurality of fins, where the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate. The cooling system further includes secondary heat sink including a secondary top base plate, a secondary bottom base plate and a secondary fin pack including a plurality of fins, where the secondary fin pack is disposed between the secondary top base plate and the secondary bottom base plate. A heat pipe extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate, where the heat pipe further extends from the primary heat sink and couples with the secondary heat sink.1. (canceled) 2. The cooling system of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of secondary heat sinks coupled with the primary heat sink. 3. The cooling system of claim 6, wherein a top portion of the heat pipe extends between the primary top base plate and a top side of the primary fin pack, and a bottom portion of the heat pipe extends between the primary bottom base plate and a bottom side of the primary fin pack. 4. A cooling system comprising:
a primary heat sink comprising a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate; a secondary heat sink comprising a secondary top base plate, a secondary bottom base plate and a secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the secondary fin pack is disposed between the secondary top base plate and the secondary bottom base plate; and a plurality of heat pipes extending between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate so as to couple the primary heat sink with the secondary heat sink, the plurality of heat pipes comprising: a first heat pipe extending from the primary top base plate to the primary bottom base plate and further from the primary bottom base plate to the secondary bottom base plate; and a second heat pipe extending from the primary bottom base plate to the primary top base plate and further from the primary top base plate to the secondary top base plate. 5. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein a length dimension of the fins for the secondary fin pack is less than a length dimension of the fins for the primary fin pack, and each length dimension is defined in a direction of airflow through the primary fin pack and the secondary fin pack. 6. A cooling system comprising:
a primary heat sink comprising a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate; a secondary heat sink comprising a secondary top base plate, a secondary bottom base plate and a secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the secondary fin pack is disposed between the secondary top base plate and the secondary bottom base plate; and a heat pipe that extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate, wherein the heat pipe further extends from the primary heat sink and couples with the secondary heat sink; wherein each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate includes a cut-out section, and the cooling system further comprises a primary top block plate connected with the primary top base plate at the cut-out section, and a primary bottom block plate connected with the primary bottom base plate at the cut-out section. 7. The cooling system of claim 6, wherein each of the primary top block plate and the primary bottom block plate has a different thermal conductivity in relation to each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate. 8-9. (canceled) 10. A cooling system comprising:
a primary heat sink comprising a primary top base plate, a primary bottom base plate and a primary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the primary fin pack is disposed between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate; a first secondary heat sink comprising a first secondary top base plate, a first secondary bottom base plate and a first secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the first secondary fin pack is disposed between the first secondary top base plate and the first secondary bottom base plate; a second secondary heat sink comprising a second secondary top base plate, a second secondary bottom base plate and a second secondary fin pack comprising a plurality of fins, wherein the second secondary fin pack is disposed between the second secondary top base plate and the second secondary bottom base plate; and a plurality of heat pipes, the plurality of heat pipes comprising: a first heat pipe that extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate and further extends from the primary heat sink to couple with the first secondary heat sink; and a second heat pipe that extends between the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate and further extends from the primary heat sink to couple with the second secondary heat sink; wherein: a top portion of each of the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe extends between the primary top base plate and a top side of the primary fin pack, and a bottom portion of each of the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe extends between the primary bottom base plate and a bottom side of the primary fin pack; the first heat pipe extends from the primary top base plate to the primary bottom base plate and further from the primary bottom base plate to the first secondary bottom base plate; and
the second heat pipe extends from the primary top base plate to the primary bottom base plate and further from the primary bottom base plate to the second secondary bottom base plate. 11. The cooling system of claim 10, further comprising:
a third heat pipe that extends from the primary bottom base plate to the primary top base plate and further from the primary top base plate to the first secondary top base plate; and a fourth heat pipe that extends from the primary bottom base plate to the primary top base plate and further from the primary top base plate to the second secondary top base plate. 12. The cooling system of claim 10, wherein a length dimension of the fins for each of the first secondary fin pack and the second secondary fin pack is less than a length dimension of the fins for the primary fin pack, and each length dimension is defined in a direction of airflow through the primary fin pack, the first secondary fin pack and the second secondary fin pack. 13. The cooling system of claim 10, wherein each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate includes a cut-out section, and the cooling system further comprises a primary top block plate connected with the primary top base plate at the cut-out section, and a primary bottom block plate connected with the primary bottom base plate at the cut-out section. 14. The cooling system of claim 13, wherein each of the primary top block plate and the primary bottom block plate has a different thermal conductivity in relation to each of the primary top base plate and the primary bottom base plate. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB); a heat generating component integrated with the PCB; and the cooling system of claim 4. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
one or more fans disposed along the PCB so as to direct a flow of air through each of the primary fin pack and the secondary fin pack. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cooling system further comprises a plurality of secondary heat sinks disposed along the PCB and coupled with the primary heat sink. 18. (canceled) 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the heat generating component comprises a processor. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus comprises a server that houses the PCB and the cooling system. | 2,800 |
343,266 | 16,802,703 | 2,882 | Herein described is a machine (10) for processing scrap (R) comprising: a container body (15) which defines a volume for receiving the scrap (R) and which comprises an opening (30) for the inlet of the scrap (R), provided in the container body (15), for access to the reception volume (20), a press (45) suitable to press the scrap (R) and at least partially housed in the reception volume (20), and a shear (70) for cutting the scrap (R) at least partially housed in the reception volume (20). In particular, the inlet mouth (125) is obtained in an upper portion of the container body (15), the press (45) is positioned at a lower height with respect to the inlet opening (30) and the shear (70) is positioned at a lower height with respect to the press (45). | 1. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) comprising:
a container body (15) which defines a volume for receiving the scrap (R) and which comprises an opening (30) for the inlet of the scrap (R), provided in the container body (15), for access to the reception volume (20), a press (45) suitable to press the scrap (R) and at least partially housed in the reception volume (20), and a shear (70) for cutting the scrap (R) at least partially housed in the reception volume (20), 2. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the reception volume (20) extends along a mainly vertical direction. 3. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the inlet opening (30) lies on a horizontal plane. 4. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the press (45) comprises a clamp (50) rotatably associated to the container body (15) according to a horizontal hinge axis. 5. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, comprising a further press (55), at least partially housed in the reception volume (20) and arranged at an intermediate height between the press (45) and the shear (70). 6. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 5, wherein the press (45), the further press (55) and the shear are at least partially aligned vertically to the inlet opening (30). 7. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 6, wherein the further press (55) is positioned entirely at a lower height with respect to the press (45). 8. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the container body (15) comprises an outlet opening (40) and the machine comprises a pusher element (100) for pushing the scrap (R) cut by the shear (70) towards said outlet opening (40). 9. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 8, comprising a mill (105) for scrap (R) suitable to grind the scrap (R) cut by the shear (70), the mill (105) comprising an inlet mouth (125) and a duct connecting the outlet opening (40) of the container body to the inlet mouth (125) of the mill (105). 10. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 9, comprising a discharge opening (140), in communication with the duct (135), and a diverter body (145), the diverter body (145) being moveable between a first position, in which it occludes the discharge opening (140) and allows the cut scrap (R) to move from the outlet opening (40) of the container body to the inlet mouth (125) of the mill (105), and a second position, in which it clears the discharge opening (140) and diverts the scrap (R) exiting from the outlet opening (40) of the container body (15) towards the discharge opening (140). 11. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 9, wherein the duct (135) is positioned at a maximum height equal to the height of the outlet opening (40) of the container body at most. | Herein described is a machine (10) for processing scrap (R) comprising: a container body (15) which defines a volume for receiving the scrap (R) and which comprises an opening (30) for the inlet of the scrap (R), provided in the container body (15), for access to the reception volume (20), a press (45) suitable to press the scrap (R) and at least partially housed in the reception volume (20), and a shear (70) for cutting the scrap (R) at least partially housed in the reception volume (20). In particular, the inlet mouth (125) is obtained in an upper portion of the container body (15), the press (45) is positioned at a lower height with respect to the inlet opening (30) and the shear (70) is positioned at a lower height with respect to the press (45).1. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) comprising:
a container body (15) which defines a volume for receiving the scrap (R) and which comprises an opening (30) for the inlet of the scrap (R), provided in the container body (15), for access to the reception volume (20), a press (45) suitable to press the scrap (R) and at least partially housed in the reception volume (20), and a shear (70) for cutting the scrap (R) at least partially housed in the reception volume (20), 2. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the reception volume (20) extends along a mainly vertical direction. 3. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the inlet opening (30) lies on a horizontal plane. 4. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the press (45) comprises a clamp (50) rotatably associated to the container body (15) according to a horizontal hinge axis. 5. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, comprising a further press (55), at least partially housed in the reception volume (20) and arranged at an intermediate height between the press (45) and the shear (70). 6. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 5, wherein the press (45), the further press (55) and the shear are at least partially aligned vertically to the inlet opening (30). 7. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 6, wherein the further press (55) is positioned entirely at a lower height with respect to the press (45). 8. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 1, wherein the container body (15) comprises an outlet opening (40) and the machine comprises a pusher element (100) for pushing the scrap (R) cut by the shear (70) towards said outlet opening (40). 9. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 8, comprising a mill (105) for scrap (R) suitable to grind the scrap (R) cut by the shear (70), the mill (105) comprising an inlet mouth (125) and a duct connecting the outlet opening (40) of the container body to the inlet mouth (125) of the mill (105). 10. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 9, comprising a discharge opening (140), in communication with the duct (135), and a diverter body (145), the diverter body (145) being moveable between a first position, in which it occludes the discharge opening (140) and allows the cut scrap (R) to move from the outlet opening (40) of the container body to the inlet mouth (125) of the mill (105), and a second position, in which it clears the discharge opening (140) and diverts the scrap (R) exiting from the outlet opening (40) of the container body (15) towards the discharge opening (140). 11. Machine (10) for processing scrap (R) according to claim 9, wherein the duct (135) is positioned at a maximum height equal to the height of the outlet opening (40) of the container body at most. | 2,800 |
343,267 | 16,802,698 | 2,882 | A method for making a pallet includes forming a base layer, forming a cargo layer, and forming wooden support blocks. The method further includes coating the wooden support blocks with a plastic layer to form plastic coated wooden support blocks. The base and cargo layers are coupled to the plastic coated wooden support blocks, with a gap being formed therebetween for receiving a lifting member. | 1. A method for making a pallet comprising:
forming a base layer; forming a cargo layer; forming a plurality of wooden support blocks; coating a plurality of wooden support blocks with a plastic layer to form a plurality of plastic coated wooden support blocks; and coupling the base and cargo layers to the plurality of plastic coated wooden support blocks, with a gap being formed therebetween, for receiving a lifting member. 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein each wooden support block includes upper and lower surfaces with a pair of spaced apart sides extending therebetween, and wherein the plastic layer is on the pair of spaced apart sides but not on the upper and lower surfaces. 3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises adding a coloring material to the plastic layer so that each plastic coated wooden support block has a desired color. 4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises adding indicia to the plastic layer so that each plastic coated wooden support block displays the indicia. 5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the indicia is configured as a logo. 6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises a spray coating. 7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the plastic layer comprises a polyurea layer. 8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the plastic layer has a thickness within a range of 20-90 mils. 9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the base and cargo layers are formed as wooden base and cargo layers, with exposed wooden surfaces thereof not being coated with the plastic layer. 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the cargo layer is formed to comprise:
a pair of spaced apart connector boards;
a pair of spaced apart end deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with the end deck boards being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards; and
a pair of spaced apart intermediate deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with each intermediate deck board being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards and butted against a respective end deck board. 11. A pallet comprising:
a base layer; a cargo layer; and a plurality of plastic coated wooden support blocks coupled between said base and cargo layers, with a gap being formed therebetween for receiving a lifting member, with each plastic coated wooden support block comprising a plastic layer on exposed sides thereof. 12. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein each plastic coated wooden support block includes upper and lower surfaces with a pair of spaced apart sides extending therebetween, and wherein the plastic layer is on the pair of spaced apart sides but not on the upper and lower surfaces. 13. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer comprises a colored material there so that each plastic coated wooden support block has a desired color. 14. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer comprises an exposed indicia formed therein. 15. The pallet according to claim 14 wherein the indicia is formed as a logo. 16. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer comprises a polyurea layer. 17. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer has a thickness within a range of 20-90 mils. 18. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein said base and cargo layers comprise wooden base and cargo layers, with exposed wooden surfaces thereof not being coated with the plastic layer. 19. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein said cargo layer comprises:
a pair of spaced apart connector boards,
a pair of spaced apart end deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with the end deck boards being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards, and
a pair of spaced apart intermediate deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with each intermediate deck board being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards and butted against a respective end deck board. 20. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein said base layer comprises a pair of bottom end deck boards and a bottom center deck board between said pair of bottom end deck boards, with a width of said bottom center deck board being greater than a width of said bottom end deck boards; and
wherein said plurality of plastic coated support blocks comprise corner plastic coated support blocks and center plastic coated support blocks between the corner plastic coated support blocks, with said corner plastic coated support blocks and said center support blocks each having a same sized rectangular shape; and
wherein said center plastic coated support blocks coupled to said bottom center deck board are orthogonal to said corner plastic coated support blocks so that said center plastic coated support blocks extend across the width of said bottom center deck board. | A method for making a pallet includes forming a base layer, forming a cargo layer, and forming wooden support blocks. The method further includes coating the wooden support blocks with a plastic layer to form plastic coated wooden support blocks. The base and cargo layers are coupled to the plastic coated wooden support blocks, with a gap being formed therebetween for receiving a lifting member.1. A method for making a pallet comprising:
forming a base layer; forming a cargo layer; forming a plurality of wooden support blocks; coating a plurality of wooden support blocks with a plastic layer to form a plurality of plastic coated wooden support blocks; and coupling the base and cargo layers to the plurality of plastic coated wooden support blocks, with a gap being formed therebetween, for receiving a lifting member. 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein each wooden support block includes upper and lower surfaces with a pair of spaced apart sides extending therebetween, and wherein the plastic layer is on the pair of spaced apart sides but not on the upper and lower surfaces. 3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises adding a coloring material to the plastic layer so that each plastic coated wooden support block has a desired color. 4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises adding indicia to the plastic layer so that each plastic coated wooden support block displays the indicia. 5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the indicia is configured as a logo. 6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises a spray coating. 7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the plastic layer comprises a polyurea layer. 8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the plastic layer has a thickness within a range of 20-90 mils. 9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the base and cargo layers are formed as wooden base and cargo layers, with exposed wooden surfaces thereof not being coated with the plastic layer. 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the cargo layer is formed to comprise:
a pair of spaced apart connector boards;
a pair of spaced apart end deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with the end deck boards being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards; and
a pair of spaced apart intermediate deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with each intermediate deck board being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards and butted against a respective end deck board. 11. A pallet comprising:
a base layer; a cargo layer; and a plurality of plastic coated wooden support blocks coupled between said base and cargo layers, with a gap being formed therebetween for receiving a lifting member, with each plastic coated wooden support block comprising a plastic layer on exposed sides thereof. 12. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein each plastic coated wooden support block includes upper and lower surfaces with a pair of spaced apart sides extending therebetween, and wherein the plastic layer is on the pair of spaced apart sides but not on the upper and lower surfaces. 13. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer comprises a colored material there so that each plastic coated wooden support block has a desired color. 14. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer comprises an exposed indicia formed therein. 15. The pallet according to claim 14 wherein the indicia is formed as a logo. 16. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer comprises a polyurea layer. 17. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein the plastic layer has a thickness within a range of 20-90 mils. 18. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein said base and cargo layers comprise wooden base and cargo layers, with exposed wooden surfaces thereof not being coated with the plastic layer. 19. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein said cargo layer comprises:
a pair of spaced apart connector boards,
a pair of spaced apart end deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with the end deck boards being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards, and
a pair of spaced apart intermediate deck boards on the pair of connector boards, with each intermediate deck board being orthogonal to the pair of connector boards and butted against a respective end deck board. 20. The pallet according to claim 11 wherein said base layer comprises a pair of bottom end deck boards and a bottom center deck board between said pair of bottom end deck boards, with a width of said bottom center deck board being greater than a width of said bottom end deck boards; and
wherein said plurality of plastic coated support blocks comprise corner plastic coated support blocks and center plastic coated support blocks between the corner plastic coated support blocks, with said corner plastic coated support blocks and said center support blocks each having a same sized rectangular shape; and
wherein said center plastic coated support blocks coupled to said bottom center deck board are orthogonal to said corner plastic coated support blocks so that said center plastic coated support blocks extend across the width of said bottom center deck board. | 2,800 |
343,268 | 16,802,651 | 2,882 | The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of producing pulp comprising:
processing a feedstock into a processing size; and using a subcritical water treatment process, treating the feedstock with a catalyst that comprises an alkaline catalyst at a concentration of about 1.5 to 10 weight percent or less in a reactor assembly having: an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength to produce a pulp product. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the feedstock comprises one or more of seeds and agricultural crop wastes and residues such as corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, and hemp. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the feedstock comprises hemp. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method provides for continuous flow of material through the reactor such that the process provides for continuous manufacture of paper pulp product, cellulose, or combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is modular and scalable, stationary or mobile; and
wherein when in mobile form, a system executing the method can be mounted on one or more truck trailers, rail cars, shipping containers, other platforms used to transport from one site to another, or combinations thereof. 7. Fiberized biomass, pulp, powdered cellulose, nano-cellulose, and dissolving cellulose produced from the method of claim 2. 8. A method of producing a hemp bio-derivative comprising:
processing a plant-related industrial waste comprising hemp into a processing size; and using a subcritical water treatment process, treating the plant-related industrial waste with an alkaline catalyst at a concentration of about 2.5 to 3 weight percent in a reactor assembly having: an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength to produce a pulp product. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the defined period of time is about 20 minutes. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recovering cellulose from the pulp product; and bleaching the cellulose with a bleaching agent comprising hydrogen peroxide at about 70° C. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the plant-related industrial waste in the reactor assembly has a concentration of about 2 to 3 weight percent. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the pressure is about 90 psi to 200 psi, and wherein the temperature is about 160° C. to 180° C. 13. A system comprising:
a pre-processing portion having a mechanical processor/material handler for a preparation of feedstock material comprising hemp; and an extractor portion comprising a reactor or a reactor assembly to which the feedstock material and subcritical water is supplied, the reactor or reactor assembly having: an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength, 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the reactor assembly comprises:
an assembly of one or more reactors followed by one or more pressure control valves, heat exchangers for cooling down the outputs from the reactor, and separators to collect valuable materials from a water phase and consequently recycle the water. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the reactor assembly comprises continuous-type reactors or batch-type reactors. 16. The system according to claim 14, further including:
a high pressure pump for increasing a pressure in the system, wherein a variable speed and flow rate are provided; a pressure control valve for maintaining pressure in the operating condition; and a heating element for providing direct heating or indirect heating. 17. The system according to claim 14, wherein the operating condition comprises a pressure of about 0-300 psi and temperature of up to about 180° C. 18. The system of claim 14,
wherein the pre-processing and the operating condition are controlled and monitored by a centralized computer software able to maintain constant a desired pressure, temperature, and flow rate for a desired period of time; wherein the system comprises multiple sensors that are installed and connected to centralized computer managing software comprising a network in which technical information about major parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow, content level, is collected in real time, relayed to a managing system, and analyzed; wherein the above parameters are controlled and modified in real time. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is configured to produce one or more of fiberized biomass, pulp, cellulose, and raw materials for industrial commodities as its final product. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is modular and scalable, stationary or mobile; wherein when in mobile form, the system can be mounted on one or more truck trailers, rail cars, shipping containers, other platforms used to transport from one site to another, or combinations thereof. | The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site.1. (canceled) 2. A method of producing pulp comprising:
processing a feedstock into a processing size; and using a subcritical water treatment process, treating the feedstock with a catalyst that comprises an alkaline catalyst at a concentration of about 1.5 to 10 weight percent or less in a reactor assembly having: an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength to produce a pulp product. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the feedstock comprises one or more of seeds and agricultural crop wastes and residues such as corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, and hemp. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the feedstock comprises hemp. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method provides for continuous flow of material through the reactor such that the process provides for continuous manufacture of paper pulp product, cellulose, or combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is modular and scalable, stationary or mobile; and
wherein when in mobile form, a system executing the method can be mounted on one or more truck trailers, rail cars, shipping containers, other platforms used to transport from one site to another, or combinations thereof. 7. Fiberized biomass, pulp, powdered cellulose, nano-cellulose, and dissolving cellulose produced from the method of claim 2. 8. A method of producing a hemp bio-derivative comprising:
processing a plant-related industrial waste comprising hemp into a processing size; and using a subcritical water treatment process, treating the plant-related industrial waste with an alkaline catalyst at a concentration of about 2.5 to 3 weight percent in a reactor assembly having: an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength to produce a pulp product. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the defined period of time is about 20 minutes. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recovering cellulose from the pulp product; and bleaching the cellulose with a bleaching agent comprising hydrogen peroxide at about 70° C. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the plant-related industrial waste in the reactor assembly has a concentration of about 2 to 3 weight percent. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the pressure is about 90 psi to 200 psi, and wherein the temperature is about 160° C. to 180° C. 13. A system comprising:
a pre-processing portion having a mechanical processor/material handler for a preparation of feedstock material comprising hemp; and an extractor portion comprising a reactor or a reactor assembly to which the feedstock material and subcritical water is supplied, the reactor or reactor assembly having: an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength, 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the reactor assembly comprises:
an assembly of one or more reactors followed by one or more pressure control valves, heat exchangers for cooling down the outputs from the reactor, and separators to collect valuable materials from a water phase and consequently recycle the water. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the reactor assembly comprises continuous-type reactors or batch-type reactors. 16. The system according to claim 14, further including:
a high pressure pump for increasing a pressure in the system, wherein a variable speed and flow rate are provided; a pressure control valve for maintaining pressure in the operating condition; and a heating element for providing direct heating or indirect heating. 17. The system according to claim 14, wherein the operating condition comprises a pressure of about 0-300 psi and temperature of up to about 180° C. 18. The system of claim 14,
wherein the pre-processing and the operating condition are controlled and monitored by a centralized computer software able to maintain constant a desired pressure, temperature, and flow rate for a desired period of time; wherein the system comprises multiple sensors that are installed and connected to centralized computer managing software comprising a network in which technical information about major parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow, content level, is collected in real time, relayed to a managing system, and analyzed; wherein the above parameters are controlled and modified in real time. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is configured to produce one or more of fiberized biomass, pulp, cellulose, and raw materials for industrial commodities as its final product. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is modular and scalable, stationary or mobile; wherein when in mobile form, the system can be mounted on one or more truck trailers, rail cars, shipping containers, other platforms used to transport from one site to another, or combinations thereof. | 2,800 |
343,269 | 16,802,696 | 2,882 | A jack assembly for a towed vehicle is provided. The jack assembly includes an outer tube, an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within the outer tube, a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube, and a mounting assembly attached to the outer tube for attaching the jack assembly to the towed vehicle. A cover may be positioned over a portion of the outer tube attached to the mounting assembly and supported by the mounting assembly. An L-shaped release pin is utilized and accommodated by the cover. The mounting assembly may be adjustable in height along the outer tube. A reservoir may be provided to facilitate protection of the jack screw by ensuring its lubrication, and a foot having a convex bottom surface may be utilized. | 1. A jack assembly for a towed vehicle, comprising:
an outer tube; an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within said outer tube; a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube; and a tubular reservoir partially enclosing at least an upper portion of the jack screw and lubricant applied to the jack screw. 2. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir has first and second ends which define a lengthwise gap. 3. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 2, wherein the tubular reservoir is semi-circular. 4. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir extends along an entire length of the jack screw. 5. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 2, wherein the inner and outer tubes have at least two pairs of substantially parallel sides, and the tubular reservoir includes first and second ears for contacting at least one side of the at least two pairs of parallel sides. 6. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 5, wherein the first ear extends from the first end of the tubular reservoir and the second ear extends from the second end of the tubular reservoir. 7. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 2, wherein at least one of the inner and outer tubes includes a receptacle through which additional lubricant can be applied to the jack screw through the lengthwise gap. 8. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the inner tube is essentially square, and the tubular reservoir includes at least two ears for contacting at least one side of the inner tube. 9. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir includes an interior surface, and a plurality of extensions extend from the inner surface toward the jack screw. 10. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 9, wherein the plurality of extensions extends into grooves of the jack screw. 11. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir is corrugated. 12. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 11, wherein the corrugated tubular reservoir includes alternating lengthwise ridges and grooves. 13. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a foot attached to the inner tube, the foot having a bottom surface that is at least partially convex. 14. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a cover positioned over a portion of the outer tube. 15. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a plastic sleeve extending between the inner tube and the outer tube. 16. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 17. A jack assembly for a towed vehicle, comprising:
an outer tube; an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within said outer tube; a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube; a tubular reservoir partially enclosing at least an upper portion of the jack screw and lubricant applied to the jack screw; and a funnel attached to the jack nut and the tubular reservoir. 18. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the funnel includes a plurality of sloping walls for directing lubricant into the tubular reservoir. 19. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 18, wherein the funnel further includes a plurality of arms extending from the sloping walls which plurality of arms engage a plurality of mating arms extending from the jack nut. 20. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the tubular reservoir has first and second ends which define a lengthwise gap. 21. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 20, wherein the inner and outer tubes have at least two pairs of substantially parallel sides, and the tubular reservoir includes first and second ears for contacting at least one side of the at least two pairs of parallel sides. 22. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the tubular reservoir includes an interior surface, and a plurality of extensions extend from the inner surface toward the jack screw. 23. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the tubular reservoir is corrugated. 24. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a foot attached to the inner tube, the foot having a bottom surface that is at least partially convex. 25. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a cover positioned over a portion of the outer tube. 26. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 27. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a plastic sleeve extending between the inner tube and the outer tube. 28. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the funnel and the tubular reservoir are unitary. 29. A jack assembly for a towed vehicle, comprising:
an outer tube; an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within said outer tube; a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube; and a tubular reservoir partially surrounding the jack screw and lubricant applied to the jack screw. 30. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the tubular reservoir has first and second ends which define a lengthwise gap. 31. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 30, wherein the tubular reservoir is semi-circular. 32. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 30, wherein the tubular reservoir extends along an entire length of the jack screw. 33. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the inner tube is essentially square, and the tubular reservoir includes at least two ears for contacting at least one side of the inner tube. 34. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 30, wherein tubular reservoir includes first and second ears for contacting an interior surface of the inner tube. 35. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the tubular reservoir includes an interior surface, and a plurality of extensions extend from the inner surface toward the jack screw. 36. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the tubular reservoir is corrugated. 37. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 38. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a funnel positioned between the jack nut and the tubular reservoir. 39. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 38, wherein the funnel is attached to the tubular reservoir. 40. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 38, wherein the funnel and the tubular reservoir are unitary. 41. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a foot attached to the inner tube, the foot having a bottom surface that is at least partially convex. 42. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a cover positioned over a portion of the outer tube. 43. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 44. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a plastic sleeve extending between the inner tube and the outer tube. | A jack assembly for a towed vehicle is provided. The jack assembly includes an outer tube, an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within the outer tube, a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube, and a mounting assembly attached to the outer tube for attaching the jack assembly to the towed vehicle. A cover may be positioned over a portion of the outer tube attached to the mounting assembly and supported by the mounting assembly. An L-shaped release pin is utilized and accommodated by the cover. The mounting assembly may be adjustable in height along the outer tube. A reservoir may be provided to facilitate protection of the jack screw by ensuring its lubrication, and a foot having a convex bottom surface may be utilized.1. A jack assembly for a towed vehicle, comprising:
an outer tube; an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within said outer tube; a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube; and a tubular reservoir partially enclosing at least an upper portion of the jack screw and lubricant applied to the jack screw. 2. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir has first and second ends which define a lengthwise gap. 3. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 2, wherein the tubular reservoir is semi-circular. 4. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir extends along an entire length of the jack screw. 5. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 2, wherein the inner and outer tubes have at least two pairs of substantially parallel sides, and the tubular reservoir includes first and second ears for contacting at least one side of the at least two pairs of parallel sides. 6. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 5, wherein the first ear extends from the first end of the tubular reservoir and the second ear extends from the second end of the tubular reservoir. 7. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 2, wherein at least one of the inner and outer tubes includes a receptacle through which additional lubricant can be applied to the jack screw through the lengthwise gap. 8. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the inner tube is essentially square, and the tubular reservoir includes at least two ears for contacting at least one side of the inner tube. 9. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir includes an interior surface, and a plurality of extensions extend from the inner surface toward the jack screw. 10. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 9, wherein the plurality of extensions extends into grooves of the jack screw. 11. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, wherein the tubular reservoir is corrugated. 12. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 11, wherein the corrugated tubular reservoir includes alternating lengthwise ridges and grooves. 13. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a foot attached to the inner tube, the foot having a bottom surface that is at least partially convex. 14. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a cover positioned over a portion of the outer tube. 15. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a plastic sleeve extending between the inner tube and the outer tube. 16. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 17. A jack assembly for a towed vehicle, comprising:
an outer tube; an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within said outer tube; a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube; a tubular reservoir partially enclosing at least an upper portion of the jack screw and lubricant applied to the jack screw; and a funnel attached to the jack nut and the tubular reservoir. 18. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the funnel includes a plurality of sloping walls for directing lubricant into the tubular reservoir. 19. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 18, wherein the funnel further includes a plurality of arms extending from the sloping walls which plurality of arms engage a plurality of mating arms extending from the jack nut. 20. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the tubular reservoir has first and second ends which define a lengthwise gap. 21. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 20, wherein the inner and outer tubes have at least two pairs of substantially parallel sides, and the tubular reservoir includes first and second ears for contacting at least one side of the at least two pairs of parallel sides. 22. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the tubular reservoir includes an interior surface, and a plurality of extensions extend from the inner surface toward the jack screw. 23. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the tubular reservoir is corrugated. 24. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a foot attached to the inner tube, the foot having a bottom surface that is at least partially convex. 25. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a cover positioned over a portion of the outer tube. 26. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 27. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a plastic sleeve extending between the inner tube and the outer tube. 28. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 17, wherein the funnel and the tubular reservoir are unitary. 29. A jack assembly for a towed vehicle, comprising:
an outer tube; an inner tube supported for telescopic movement within said outer tube; a jack screw operatively engaging a jack nut within the inner tube; and a tubular reservoir partially surrounding the jack screw and lubricant applied to the jack screw. 30. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the tubular reservoir has first and second ends which define a lengthwise gap. 31. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 30, wherein the tubular reservoir is semi-circular. 32. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 30, wherein the tubular reservoir extends along an entire length of the jack screw. 33. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the inner tube is essentially square, and the tubular reservoir includes at least two ears for contacting at least one side of the inner tube. 34. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 30, wherein tubular reservoir includes first and second ears for contacting an interior surface of the inner tube. 35. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the tubular reservoir includes an interior surface, and a plurality of extensions extend from the inner surface toward the jack screw. 36. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, wherein the tubular reservoir is corrugated. 37. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 38. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a funnel positioned between the jack nut and the tubular reservoir. 39. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 38, wherein the funnel is attached to the tubular reservoir. 40. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 38, wherein the funnel and the tubular reservoir are unitary. 41. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a foot attached to the inner tube, the foot having a bottom surface that is at least partially convex. 42. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a cover positioned over a portion of the outer tube. 43. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a mounting assembly attached to the towed vehicle. 44. The jack assembly for a towed vehicle of claim 29, further comprising a plastic sleeve extending between the inner tube and the outer tube. | 2,800 |
343,270 | 16,802,695 | 2,882 | A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, including a rod, including a plurality of segments, the plurality of segments having at least a first segment arranged to be connected to a first vertebra of the spine, the first segment including a first body and at least one tang extending from the first body, and a second segment arranged to be connected to a second vertebra of the spine, the second segment including a second body and at least one channel arranged in the second body, wherein the at least tang is operatively arranged to engage the at least one channel, and at least one tensioning member arranged within the plurality of segments, the at least one tensioning member having a first end secured to the first segment and a second end. | 1. A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, comprising:
a rod, including:
a plurality of segments, the plurality of segments having at least:
a first segment arranged to be connected to a first vertebra of the spine, the first segment including a first body and at least one tang extending from the first body; and,
a second segment arranged to be connected to a second vertebra of the spine, the second segment including a second body and at least one channel arranged in the second body, wherein the at least tang is operatively arranged to engage the at least one channel; and,
at least one tensioning member arranged within the plurality of segments, the at least one tensioning member having a first end secured to the first segment and a second end. 2. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, further comprising a biasing element connected to the second end and operatively arranged to bias the at least one tensioning member in a first direction. 3. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein the biasing element arranged in the second segment. 4. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein the biasing element comprises a servo motor. 5. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein:
the tensioning member comprises a plurality of teeth; the second segment comprises at least one element; and, the at least one element is operatively arranged to engage the plurality of teeth to prevent displacement of the tensioning member in a second direction, opposite the first direction. 6. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of segments are operatively arranged to engage with an adjacent segment. 7. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein at least one of the plurality of segments comprises:
a body including a top end, a bottom end, and an outer surface; a tang connected to the bottom end; and, a channel arranged in the outer surface proximate the top end. 8. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 7, wherein the tang is arranged adjacent to the outer surface. 9. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of segments further comprises a third segment arranged to be connected to a third vertebra of the spine. 10. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the first body includes a first outer surface and the at least one tang comprises a first tang; the second segment further comprises a second tang extending from the second body, the second body includes a second outer surface, and the at least one channel comprises a first channel; and, the third segment comprises a third body including a third outer surface and a third channel arranged to engage with the second tang. 11. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 10, wherein the at least one tensioning member comprises:
a first tensioning member extending at least partially through the first segment and the second segment; and, a second tensioning member extending at least partially through the second segment and the third segment. 12. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
a first biasing element connected to the first tensioning member and operatively arranged to pull the first segment and the second segment together; and, a second biasing element connected to the second tensioning member and operatively arranged to pull the second segment and the third segment together. 13. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one tensioning member comprises one or more muscle wires. 14. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein the biasing element is operatively arranged to be controlled wirelessly. 15. A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, comprising:
a rod, including:
a plurality of segments, the plurality of segments having at least:
a first segment arranged to be connected to a first vertebra of the spine;
a second segment arranged to be connected to a second vertebra of the spine; and,
a third segment arranged to be connected to a third vertebra of the spine;
a first tensioning member arranged at least partially within the first segment and the second segment; and, a second tensioning member arranged at least partially within the second segment and the third segment. 16. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein:
at least one segment of the plurality of segments comprises:
a first body including a first outer surface; and,
at least one tang extending from the first body and aligned with the first outer surface;
an adjacent segment to the at least one segment comprises:
a second body including a second outer surface; and,
at least one channel arranged in the outer surface; and,
the at least one tang is operatively arranged to engage the at least one channel. 17. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 15, further comprising:
a first biasing element connected to the first tensioning member; and, a second biasing element connected to the second tensioning member, wherein the first and second biasing elements are operatively arranged to pull the plurality of segments together. 18. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 17, wherein the first biasing element and the second biasing element are controlled remotely and independently of each other. 19. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein:
in a fully engaged state, the plurality of segments are rigidly connected with each other; and, in a partially engaged or relaxed state, the plurality of segments are at least partially spaced apart from each other. 20. A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, comprising:
a rod, including a plurality of segments, wherein:
a first segment of the plurality of segments includes a protruding tang;
a second segment of the plurality of segments includes an outward facing channel, the protruding tang is operatively arranged to engage the outward facing channel to rigidly connect the first and second segments; and,
at least one segment of the plurality of segments is connected to a first vertebra of the spine; and,
at least one tensioning member arranged at least partially within the plurality of segments, wherein the at least one tensioning member is operatively arranged to force the plurality of segments into engagement. | A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, including a rod, including a plurality of segments, the plurality of segments having at least a first segment arranged to be connected to a first vertebra of the spine, the first segment including a first body and at least one tang extending from the first body, and a second segment arranged to be connected to a second vertebra of the spine, the second segment including a second body and at least one channel arranged in the second body, wherein the at least tang is operatively arranged to engage the at least one channel, and at least one tensioning member arranged within the plurality of segments, the at least one tensioning member having a first end secured to the first segment and a second end.1. A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, comprising:
a rod, including:
a plurality of segments, the plurality of segments having at least:
a first segment arranged to be connected to a first vertebra of the spine, the first segment including a first body and at least one tang extending from the first body; and,
a second segment arranged to be connected to a second vertebra of the spine, the second segment including a second body and at least one channel arranged in the second body, wherein the at least tang is operatively arranged to engage the at least one channel; and,
at least one tensioning member arranged within the plurality of segments, the at least one tensioning member having a first end secured to the first segment and a second end. 2. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, further comprising a biasing element connected to the second end and operatively arranged to bias the at least one tensioning member in a first direction. 3. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein the biasing element arranged in the second segment. 4. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein the biasing element comprises a servo motor. 5. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein:
the tensioning member comprises a plurality of teeth; the second segment comprises at least one element; and, the at least one element is operatively arranged to engage the plurality of teeth to prevent displacement of the tensioning member in a second direction, opposite the first direction. 6. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of segments are operatively arranged to engage with an adjacent segment. 7. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein at least one of the plurality of segments comprises:
a body including a top end, a bottom end, and an outer surface; a tang connected to the bottom end; and, a channel arranged in the outer surface proximate the top end. 8. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 7, wherein the tang is arranged adjacent to the outer surface. 9. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of segments further comprises a third segment arranged to be connected to a third vertebra of the spine. 10. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the first body includes a first outer surface and the at least one tang comprises a first tang; the second segment further comprises a second tang extending from the second body, the second body includes a second outer surface, and the at least one channel comprises a first channel; and, the third segment comprises a third body including a third outer surface and a third channel arranged to engage with the second tang. 11. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 10, wherein the at least one tensioning member comprises:
a first tensioning member extending at least partially through the first segment and the second segment; and, a second tensioning member extending at least partially through the second segment and the third segment. 12. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
a first biasing element connected to the first tensioning member and operatively arranged to pull the first segment and the second segment together; and, a second biasing element connected to the second tensioning member and operatively arranged to pull the second segment and the third segment together. 13. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one tensioning member comprises one or more muscle wires. 14. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein the biasing element is operatively arranged to be controlled wirelessly. 15. A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, comprising:
a rod, including:
a plurality of segments, the plurality of segments having at least:
a first segment arranged to be connected to a first vertebra of the spine;
a second segment arranged to be connected to a second vertebra of the spine; and,
a third segment arranged to be connected to a third vertebra of the spine;
a first tensioning member arranged at least partially within the first segment and the second segment; and, a second tensioning member arranged at least partially within the second segment and the third segment. 16. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein:
at least one segment of the plurality of segments comprises:
a first body including a first outer surface; and,
at least one tang extending from the first body and aligned with the first outer surface;
an adjacent segment to the at least one segment comprises:
a second body including a second outer surface; and,
at least one channel arranged in the outer surface; and,
the at least one tang is operatively arranged to engage the at least one channel. 17. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 15, further comprising:
a first biasing element connected to the first tensioning member; and, a second biasing element connected to the second tensioning member, wherein the first and second biasing elements are operatively arranged to pull the plurality of segments together. 18. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 17, wherein the first biasing element and the second biasing element are controlled remotely and independently of each other. 19. The segmented rod assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein:
in a fully engaged state, the plurality of segments are rigidly connected with each other; and, in a partially engaged or relaxed state, the plurality of segments are at least partially spaced apart from each other. 20. A segmented rod assembly for aligning a spine including a plurality of vertebrae, comprising:
a rod, including a plurality of segments, wherein:
a first segment of the plurality of segments includes a protruding tang;
a second segment of the plurality of segments includes an outward facing channel, the protruding tang is operatively arranged to engage the outward facing channel to rigidly connect the first and second segments; and,
at least one segment of the plurality of segments is connected to a first vertebra of the spine; and,
at least one tensioning member arranged at least partially within the plurality of segments, wherein the at least one tensioning member is operatively arranged to force the plurality of segments into engagement. | 2,800 |
343,271 | 16,802,673 | 2,882 | An information processing apparatus includes circuitry to control a display to display a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color to be used for information specified as the background pattern; generate print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmit the print data to an image forming apparatus. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
circuitry configured to control a display to display a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color to be used for information specified as the background pattern; generate print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmit the print data to an image forming apparatus. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the special consumable material is designated, the circuitry generates the print data including a print target image drawn with at least one of cyan, magenta, and yellow and the information specified as the background pattern drawn with black. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to
display the setting screen that allows the user to designate any one of a color other than the special consumable material and the special consumable material, as the color to be used for the information specified as the background pattern, and when the special consumable material is designated, display a setting item of a printing condition different from a setting item of a printing condition provided in a case where the color other than the special consumable material is designated. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to specify a file containing the information specified as the background pattern as the setting item when the special consumable material is designated. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the information specified as the background pattern includes at least one of character information and image information. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to specify a type of the file as the setting item. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to specify a density for the information specified as the background pattern as the setting item. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to select whether to perform printing in which the information specified as the background pattern and a background pattern included in the print target image are superimposed. 9. An image forming system comprising:
the information processing apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming apparatus communicably connected to the information processing apparatus, including an image forming device configured to print information specified as a background pattern with a special consumable material in response to an instruction to print the special consumable material that is received from the information processing apparatus. 10. The image forming system according to claim 9,
wherein the image forming apparatus further includes circuitry configured to set a printing condition according to at least one of a data attribute and a density of the information specified as the background pattern. 11. The image forming system (10) according to claim 9,
wherein the image forming apparatus (9) includes circuitry configured to detect an attachment state of a container of the special consumable material. 12. The image forming system (10) according to claim 11,
wherein the circuitry of the image forming apparatus (9) is configured to transmit information on the attachment state to the information processing apparatus (5), and the circuitry of the information processing apparatus (5) determines whether the image forming apparatus can perform printing with the special consumable material, according to the attachment state. 13. The image forming system according to claim 9, wherein the special consumable material includes invisible toner. 14. The image forming system according to claim 13, wherein the invisible toner includes infrared (IR) toner. 15. An information processing method comprising:
displaying, on a display, a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color for information specified as the background pattern; generating print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmitting the print data to an image forming apparatus. 16. A non-transitory recording medium which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform an information processing method comprising:
displaying, on a display, a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color for information specified as the background pattern; generating print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmitting the print data to an image forming apparatus. | An information processing apparatus includes circuitry to control a display to display a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color to be used for information specified as the background pattern; generate print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmit the print data to an image forming apparatus.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
circuitry configured to control a display to display a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color to be used for information specified as the background pattern; generate print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmit the print data to an image forming apparatus. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the special consumable material is designated, the circuitry generates the print data including a print target image drawn with at least one of cyan, magenta, and yellow and the information specified as the background pattern drawn with black. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to
display the setting screen that allows the user to designate any one of a color other than the special consumable material and the special consumable material, as the color to be used for the information specified as the background pattern, and when the special consumable material is designated, display a setting item of a printing condition different from a setting item of a printing condition provided in a case where the color other than the special consumable material is designated. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to specify a file containing the information specified as the background pattern as the setting item when the special consumable material is designated. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the information specified as the background pattern includes at least one of character information and image information. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to specify a type of the file as the setting item. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to specify a density for the information specified as the background pattern as the setting item. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to display the setting screen that allows the user to select whether to perform printing in which the information specified as the background pattern and a background pattern included in the print target image are superimposed. 9. An image forming system comprising:
the information processing apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming apparatus communicably connected to the information processing apparatus, including an image forming device configured to print information specified as a background pattern with a special consumable material in response to an instruction to print the special consumable material that is received from the information processing apparatus. 10. The image forming system according to claim 9,
wherein the image forming apparatus further includes circuitry configured to set a printing condition according to at least one of a data attribute and a density of the information specified as the background pattern. 11. The image forming system (10) according to claim 9,
wherein the image forming apparatus (9) includes circuitry configured to detect an attachment state of a container of the special consumable material. 12. The image forming system (10) according to claim 11,
wherein the circuitry of the image forming apparatus (9) is configured to transmit information on the attachment state to the information processing apparatus (5), and the circuitry of the information processing apparatus (5) determines whether the image forming apparatus can perform printing with the special consumable material, according to the attachment state. 13. The image forming system according to claim 9, wherein the special consumable material includes invisible toner. 14. The image forming system according to claim 13, wherein the invisible toner includes infrared (IR) toner. 15. An information processing method comprising:
displaying, on a display, a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color for information specified as the background pattern; generating print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmitting the print data to an image forming apparatus. 16. A non-transitory recording medium which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform an information processing method comprising:
displaying, on a display, a setting screen for a background pattern that allows a user to designate a special consumable material as a color for information specified as the background pattern; generating print data using the designated special consumable material; and transmitting the print data to an image forming apparatus. | 2,800 |
343,272 | 16,802,704 | 2,882 | A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a waveguide over a substrate. The semiconductor device includes a first dielectric structure over the substrate, wherein a portion of the waveguide is in the first dielectric structure. The semiconductor device includes a second dielectric structure under the waveguide, wherein a first sidewall of the second dielectric structure is adjacent a first sidewall of the substrate. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a waveguide over a substrate; a first dielectric structure over the substrate, wherein a portion of the waveguide is in the first dielectric structure; and a second dielectric structure under the waveguide, wherein a first sidewall of the second dielectric structure is adjacent a first sidewall of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a void is disposed between the first dielectric structure and the substrate. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the void is defined by a second sidewall of the second dielectric structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein a first portion of the waveguide extends in a direction away from the first sidewall of the second dielectric structure and a second portion of the waveguide extends in a direction away from the second sidewall of the second dielectric structure. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, comprising:
a third dielectric structure under the waveguide, wherein a first sidewall of the third dielectric structure is adjacent a second sidewall of the substrate. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein:
the waveguide overlies a first portion of the substrate; and the first portion of the substrate separates the second dielectric structure from the third dielectric structure. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein:
a second sidewall of the second dielectric structure is adjacent a first sidewall of the first portion of the substrate; and a second sidewall of the third dielectric structure is adjacent a second sidewall of the first portion of the substrate. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein:
a void is disposed between the first dielectric structure and the substrate; and the void is defined by a third sidewall of the second dielectric structure, a third sidewall of the third dielectric structure, and a third sidewall of the first portion of the substrate. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein:
a first void is disposed between the second dielectric structure and the third dielectric structure; the waveguide overlies the first void; the first void is defined by a second sidewall of the second dielectric structure and a second sidewall of the third dielectric structure; a second void is disposed between the first dielectric structure and the substrate; and the second void is defined by a third sidewall of the second dielectric structure and a third sidewall of the third dielectric structure. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the waveguide has a first tapered sidewall having a first slope and a second tapered sidewall having a second slope; and the second slope is opposite in polarity relative to the first slope. 11.-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first dielectric structure defined by a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer; a waveguide in the first dielectric structure between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; and a substrate underlying the waveguide, wherein:
a first void is defined between the first dielectric layer and the substrate, and
the first void underlies the waveguide. 22. The semiconductor device of claim 21, wherein:
the first void is defined by a sidewall of the second dielectric layer. 23. The semiconductor device of claim 22, wherein the first void is further defined by a bottom surface of the first dielectric layer. 24. The semiconductor device of claim 21, wherein:
the first void is defined by a sidewall of the first dielectric layer. 25. The semiconductor device of claim 24, wherein the first void is further defined by a bottom surface of the first dielectric layer. 26. The semiconductor device of claim 21, comprising:
a second dielectric structure defined by at least one of the first dielectric layer the second dielectric layer; and a third dielectric structure defined by the at least one of the first dielectric layer the second dielectric layer, wherein a second void is defined between the second dielectric structure and the third dielectric structure. 27. The semiconductor device of claim 26, wherein:
the second void has a first width measured in a first direction extending from the second dielectric structure to the third dielectric structure, the first void has a second width measured in the first direction, and the second width is greater than the first width. 28. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a waveguide; and a substrate underlying the waveguide, wherein a void is defined between the waveguide and the substrate. 29. The semiconductor device of claim 28, wherein:
a dielectric layer is disposed over the waveguide, wherein the void is defined by a sidewall of the dielectric layer. 30. The semiconductor device of claim 28, wherein:
a dielectric layer is disposed under the waveguide, wherein the void is defined by a sidewall of the dielectric layer and a bottom surface of the dielectric layer. | A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a waveguide over a substrate. The semiconductor device includes a first dielectric structure over the substrate, wherein a portion of the waveguide is in the first dielectric structure. The semiconductor device includes a second dielectric structure under the waveguide, wherein a first sidewall of the second dielectric structure is adjacent a first sidewall of the substrate.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a waveguide over a substrate; a first dielectric structure over the substrate, wherein a portion of the waveguide is in the first dielectric structure; and a second dielectric structure under the waveguide, wherein a first sidewall of the second dielectric structure is adjacent a first sidewall of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a void is disposed between the first dielectric structure and the substrate. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the void is defined by a second sidewall of the second dielectric structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein a first portion of the waveguide extends in a direction away from the first sidewall of the second dielectric structure and a second portion of the waveguide extends in a direction away from the second sidewall of the second dielectric structure. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, comprising:
a third dielectric structure under the waveguide, wherein a first sidewall of the third dielectric structure is adjacent a second sidewall of the substrate. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein:
the waveguide overlies a first portion of the substrate; and the first portion of the substrate separates the second dielectric structure from the third dielectric structure. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein:
a second sidewall of the second dielectric structure is adjacent a first sidewall of the first portion of the substrate; and a second sidewall of the third dielectric structure is adjacent a second sidewall of the first portion of the substrate. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein:
a void is disposed between the first dielectric structure and the substrate; and the void is defined by a third sidewall of the second dielectric structure, a third sidewall of the third dielectric structure, and a third sidewall of the first portion of the substrate. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein:
a first void is disposed between the second dielectric structure and the third dielectric structure; the waveguide overlies the first void; the first void is defined by a second sidewall of the second dielectric structure and a second sidewall of the third dielectric structure; a second void is disposed between the first dielectric structure and the substrate; and the second void is defined by a third sidewall of the second dielectric structure and a third sidewall of the third dielectric structure. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the waveguide has a first tapered sidewall having a first slope and a second tapered sidewall having a second slope; and the second slope is opposite in polarity relative to the first slope. 11.-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first dielectric structure defined by a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer; a waveguide in the first dielectric structure between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; and a substrate underlying the waveguide, wherein:
a first void is defined between the first dielectric layer and the substrate, and
the first void underlies the waveguide. 22. The semiconductor device of claim 21, wherein:
the first void is defined by a sidewall of the second dielectric layer. 23. The semiconductor device of claim 22, wherein the first void is further defined by a bottom surface of the first dielectric layer. 24. The semiconductor device of claim 21, wherein:
the first void is defined by a sidewall of the first dielectric layer. 25. The semiconductor device of claim 24, wherein the first void is further defined by a bottom surface of the first dielectric layer. 26. The semiconductor device of claim 21, comprising:
a second dielectric structure defined by at least one of the first dielectric layer the second dielectric layer; and a third dielectric structure defined by the at least one of the first dielectric layer the second dielectric layer, wherein a second void is defined between the second dielectric structure and the third dielectric structure. 27. The semiconductor device of claim 26, wherein:
the second void has a first width measured in a first direction extending from the second dielectric structure to the third dielectric structure, the first void has a second width measured in the first direction, and the second width is greater than the first width. 28. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a waveguide; and a substrate underlying the waveguide, wherein a void is defined between the waveguide and the substrate. 29. The semiconductor device of claim 28, wherein:
a dielectric layer is disposed over the waveguide, wherein the void is defined by a sidewall of the dielectric layer. 30. The semiconductor device of claim 28, wherein:
a dielectric layer is disposed under the waveguide, wherein the void is defined by a sidewall of the dielectric layer and a bottom surface of the dielectric layer. | 2,800 |
343,273 | 16,802,694 | 2,882 | An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus and an ultrafine bubble generating method capable of efficiently generating an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid with high purity are provided. In order to this, a heating element provided in a liquid is caused to generate heat, and film boiling is made on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. A film boiling bubble is generated by the film boiling, and ultrafine bubbles are thus generated near the film boiling bubble. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. 2. An ultrafine bubble generating method, comprising:
dissolving a predetermined gas component into a liquid; and generating ultrafine bubbles containing the predetermined gas component by causing a heating element provided in the liquid in which the gas component is dissolved in the dissolving step to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. 3. An ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
collecting the liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles include at least one of first ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble is expanded, second ultrafine bubbles generated near the surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble shrinks, third ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the heating element when the film boiling bubble shrinks, and fourth ultrafine bubbles generated in a region in which a shock wave that is made when the film boiling bubble disappears is propagated. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a thermal dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a pressure dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 7. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus, comprising:
a heating element; and a driving unit configured to drive the heating element, wherein the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus generates ultrafine bubbles by causing the heating element provided in a liquid with the driving unit to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a dissolving unit configured to dissolve a predetermined gas component into the liquid, wherein the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus generates ultrafine bubbles containing the predetermined gas component by causing with the driving unit the heating element provided in the liquid in which the gas component is dissolved by the dissolving unit to generate heat. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a collecting unit configured to collect the liquid containing the generated ultrafine bubbles. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles include at least one of first ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble is expanded, second ultrafine bubbles generated near the surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble shrinks, third ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the heating element when the film boiling bubble shrinks, and fourth ultrafine bubbles generated in a region in which a shock wave that is made when the film boiling bubble disappears is propagated. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a thermal dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a pressure dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the heating element includes a plurality of surface reforming regions with a relatively high surface roughness and a non-surface reforming region with a relatively low surface roughness, and the film boiling bubble is generated in each of the plurality of surface reforming regions by heat generation of the heating element. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the surface roughness of the surface reforming regions is double or more that of the non-surface reforming region. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
a plurality of the heating elements are arrayed at predetermined intervals, and the film boiling bubbles generated in the adjacent heating elements are connected with each other in a process of expansion. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the predetermined intervals are each 5 μm or less. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the liquid is stored in a flow passage formed by opposing flow passage walls, and the film boiling bubble is expanded and shrinks while being restricted by the flow passage walls. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
a shrinking speed of portions of the film boiling bubble close to the flow passage walls is slower than a shrinking speed of a portion away from the flow passage walls. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
a fluid resistance element as a fluid resistance is further formed in the flow passage. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
a shrinking speed of the film boiling bubble is substantially equal in a direction orthogonal to the flow passage walls. 21. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
a shrinking speed of a portion of the film boiling bubble away from the flow passage walls is slower than a shrinking speed of portions close to the flow passage walls. 22. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid that contains ultrafine bubbles generated by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. | An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus and an ultrafine bubble generating method capable of efficiently generating an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid with high purity are provided. In order to this, a heating element provided in a liquid is caused to generate heat, and film boiling is made on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. A film boiling bubble is generated by the film boiling, and ultrafine bubbles are thus generated near the film boiling bubble.1. An ultrafine bubble generating method for generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. 2. An ultrafine bubble generating method, comprising:
dissolving a predetermined gas component into a liquid; and generating ultrafine bubbles containing the predetermined gas component by causing a heating element provided in the liquid in which the gas component is dissolved in the dissolving step to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. 3. An ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
collecting the liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles include at least one of first ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble is expanded, second ultrafine bubbles generated near the surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble shrinks, third ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the heating element when the film boiling bubble shrinks, and fourth ultrafine bubbles generated in a region in which a shock wave that is made when the film boiling bubble disappears is propagated. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a thermal dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a pressure dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 7. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus, comprising:
a heating element; and a driving unit configured to drive the heating element, wherein the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus generates ultrafine bubbles by causing the heating element provided in a liquid with the driving unit to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a dissolving unit configured to dissolve a predetermined gas component into the liquid, wherein the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus generates ultrafine bubbles containing the predetermined gas component by causing with the driving unit the heating element provided in the liquid in which the gas component is dissolved by the dissolving unit to generate heat. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a collecting unit configured to collect the liquid containing the generated ultrafine bubbles. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles include at least one of first ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble is expanded, second ultrafine bubbles generated near the surface of the film boiling bubble when the film boiling bubble shrinks, third ultrafine bubbles generated near a surface of the heating element when the film boiling bubble shrinks, and fourth ultrafine bubbles generated in a region in which a shock wave that is made when the film boiling bubble disappears is propagated. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a thermal dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the ultrafine bubbles are generated in a case where a gas dissolved in the liquid exceeds a pressure dissolution limit, and undergoes phase transition. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the heating element includes a plurality of surface reforming regions with a relatively high surface roughness and a non-surface reforming region with a relatively low surface roughness, and the film boiling bubble is generated in each of the plurality of surface reforming regions by heat generation of the heating element. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the surface roughness of the surface reforming regions is double or more that of the non-surface reforming region. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
a plurality of the heating elements are arrayed at predetermined intervals, and the film boiling bubbles generated in the adjacent heating elements are connected with each other in a process of expansion. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the predetermined intervals are each 5 μm or less. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the liquid is stored in a flow passage formed by opposing flow passage walls, and the film boiling bubble is expanded and shrinks while being restricted by the flow passage walls. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
a shrinking speed of portions of the film boiling bubble close to the flow passage walls is slower than a shrinking speed of a portion away from the flow passage walls. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
a fluid resistance element as a fluid resistance is further formed in the flow passage. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
a shrinking speed of the film boiling bubble is substantially equal in a direction orthogonal to the flow passage walls. 21. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
a shrinking speed of a portion of the film boiling bubble away from the flow passage walls is slower than a shrinking speed of portions close to the flow passage walls. 22. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid that contains ultrafine bubbles generated by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat, making film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element, and generating a film boiling bubble. | 2,800 |
343,274 | 16,802,692 | 2,882 | An embodiment of a method of automatically generating a background measurement in a spectrometer is described that comprises the steps of: collecting a plurality of candidate scans in the spectrometer; determining for each of the plurality of candidate scans if the candidate scan correlates to an orthonormal basis set that is associated with a recent background description; saving each candidate scan that correlates to the orthonormal basis set as a background scan in a scan cache; and generating a new background measurement from a plurality of the background scans stored in the scan cache if a current background measurement is older than a preselected time interval. | 1. A method of automatically generating a background measurement in a spectrometer comprising the steps of:
collecting a plurality of candidate scans in the spectrometer; determining for each of the plurality of candidate scans if the candidate scan correlates to an orthonormal basis set that is associated with a recent background description; saving each candidate scan that correlates to the orthonormal basis set as a background scan in a scan cache; and generating a new background measurement from a plurality of the background scans stored in the scan cache if a current background measurement is older than a preselected time interval. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the background description includes instrument settings. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the background description includes an interferogram peak magnitude. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate scans are forward scans. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preselected time interval is between approximately 30 minutes and approximately 60 minutes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the preselected time interval includes an interval between the determination of two new background scans. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein 256 background scans are saved in the scan cache. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the orthonormal basis set comprises a matrix of numbers of 10 vectors. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the matrix of numbers of 10 vectors is generated using a Gram-Schmidt residual analysis, or a Principal Components Analysis. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the matrix of numbers of 10 vectors is generated using the first 10 background scans. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate scan correlates to the orthonormal basis set when a peak magnitude of the candidate scan correlates to a peak magnitude of the recent background description. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
stopping the collecting of candidate scans when a user initiates a sample scan; displaying a message to a user if the background measurement is older than the preselected time interval; measuring a sample; creating and saving a new sample description; and restarting the collecting of candidate scans. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
stopping the collecting of candidate scans when a user initiates a background scan; measuring a background; creating and saving a new background description; and restarting the collecting of candidate scans. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of candidate scans are collected when there is no sample present in the spectrometer. 15. A spectrometer comprising:
a source configured to generate infrared radiation; an interferometer configured to produce a plurality of candidate scans from the infrared radiation; a detector configured to collect the plurality of candidate scans; and a controller configured to perform the steps of: determining for each of the plurality of candidate scans if the candidate scan correlates to an orthonormal basis set that is associated with a recent background description; saving each scan that correlates to the orthonormal basis set as a background scan in a scan cache; and generating a new background measurement from a plurality of the background scans stored in the scan cache if a current background measurement is older than a preselected time interval. 16. The spectrometer of claim 15, wherein the preselected time interval is between approximately 30 minutes and approximately 60 minutes. 17. The spectrometer of claim 15, wherein the preselected time interval includes an interval between the determination of two new background scans. 18. The spectrometer of claim 15, wherein the orthonormal basis set comprises a matrix of numbers of 10 vectors. 19. The spectrometer of claim 1, wherein the candidate scan correlates to the orthonormal basis set when a peak magnitude of the candidate scan correlates to a peak magnitude of the recent background description. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of candidate scans are collected when there is no sample present in the spectrometer. | An embodiment of a method of automatically generating a background measurement in a spectrometer is described that comprises the steps of: collecting a plurality of candidate scans in the spectrometer; determining for each of the plurality of candidate scans if the candidate scan correlates to an orthonormal basis set that is associated with a recent background description; saving each candidate scan that correlates to the orthonormal basis set as a background scan in a scan cache; and generating a new background measurement from a plurality of the background scans stored in the scan cache if a current background measurement is older than a preselected time interval.1. A method of automatically generating a background measurement in a spectrometer comprising the steps of:
collecting a plurality of candidate scans in the spectrometer; determining for each of the plurality of candidate scans if the candidate scan correlates to an orthonormal basis set that is associated with a recent background description; saving each candidate scan that correlates to the orthonormal basis set as a background scan in a scan cache; and generating a new background measurement from a plurality of the background scans stored in the scan cache if a current background measurement is older than a preselected time interval. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the background description includes instrument settings. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the background description includes an interferogram peak magnitude. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate scans are forward scans. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preselected time interval is between approximately 30 minutes and approximately 60 minutes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the preselected time interval includes an interval between the determination of two new background scans. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein 256 background scans are saved in the scan cache. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the orthonormal basis set comprises a matrix of numbers of 10 vectors. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the matrix of numbers of 10 vectors is generated using a Gram-Schmidt residual analysis, or a Principal Components Analysis. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the matrix of numbers of 10 vectors is generated using the first 10 background scans. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate scan correlates to the orthonormal basis set when a peak magnitude of the candidate scan correlates to a peak magnitude of the recent background description. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
stopping the collecting of candidate scans when a user initiates a sample scan; displaying a message to a user if the background measurement is older than the preselected time interval; measuring a sample; creating and saving a new sample description; and restarting the collecting of candidate scans. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
stopping the collecting of candidate scans when a user initiates a background scan; measuring a background; creating and saving a new background description; and restarting the collecting of candidate scans. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of candidate scans are collected when there is no sample present in the spectrometer. 15. A spectrometer comprising:
a source configured to generate infrared radiation; an interferometer configured to produce a plurality of candidate scans from the infrared radiation; a detector configured to collect the plurality of candidate scans; and a controller configured to perform the steps of: determining for each of the plurality of candidate scans if the candidate scan correlates to an orthonormal basis set that is associated with a recent background description; saving each scan that correlates to the orthonormal basis set as a background scan in a scan cache; and generating a new background measurement from a plurality of the background scans stored in the scan cache if a current background measurement is older than a preselected time interval. 16. The spectrometer of claim 15, wherein the preselected time interval is between approximately 30 minutes and approximately 60 minutes. 17. The spectrometer of claim 15, wherein the preselected time interval includes an interval between the determination of two new background scans. 18. The spectrometer of claim 15, wherein the orthonormal basis set comprises a matrix of numbers of 10 vectors. 19. The spectrometer of claim 1, wherein the candidate scan correlates to the orthonormal basis set when a peak magnitude of the candidate scan correlates to a peak magnitude of the recent background description. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of candidate scans are collected when there is no sample present in the spectrometer. | 2,800 |
343,275 | 16,802,657 | 2,882 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part of a first conductivity type, a trench being provided in the semiconductor part at a front surface side; a first electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor part; a second electrode provided on the front surface of the semiconductor part; a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type provided inside the trench; and a insulating film electrically isolating the first semiconductor layer from the semiconductor part. The second electrode is electrically connected to the semiconductor part and the first semiconductor layer. The second electrode contacts the semiconductor part with a rectification property. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor part of a first conductivity type, a trench being provided in the semiconductor part at a front surface side; a first electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor part; a second electrode provided on the front surface of the semiconductor part; a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type provided inside the trench; and a insulating film electrically isolating the first semiconductor layer from the semiconductor part, the second electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part and the first semiconductor layer, the second electrode contacting the semiconductor part with a rectification property. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second semiconductor layer of a first conductivity provided in the trench, the second semiconductor layer including an end portion closer to a bottom of the trench than an end portion of the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer being electrically isolated from the semiconductor part by the insulating layer. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the first semiconductor layer is provided between the second semiconductor layer and the second electrode. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the second semiconductor layer is spaced from the first semiconductor layer. 5. The device according to claim 3, wherein the second semiconductor layer is directly connected to the first semiconductor layer. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a width in a direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the width of the first semiconductor layer being wider than a width in the direction of the second semiconductor layer. 7. The device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type provided in the trench, the third semiconductor layer being electrically isolated from the semiconductor part by the insulating layer, the third semiconductor layer being provided between the first semiconductor layer and the first electrode, the third semiconductor layer being directly in contact with the first semiconductor layer, the first semiconductor layer having a width in a direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the width of the first semiconductor layer being wider than a width in the direction of the second semiconductor layer. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the third semiconductor layer has a width in the direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the width of the third semiconductor layer being same as the width of the first semiconductor layer. 9. The device according to claim 7, wherein the third semiconductor layer is provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein
the third semiconductor layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being provided between the second portion and the first semiconductor layer, the first portion having a first width in the direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the second portion having a second width in the direction; and the second width is narrower than the first width. 11. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the first semiconductor layer is provided between the semiconductor part and the second semiconductor layer; the first semiconductor layer has a first end on a side of the first electrode and a second end on a side of the second electrode; the second semiconductor layer has a first end on a side of the first electrode and a second end on a side of the second electrode; and the second end of the first semiconductor layer and the second end of the second semiconductor layer are directly connected to the second electrode. 12. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor part includes a first region and a second region, the second region being provided between the first region and the second electrode, the second region including an n-type impurity with a concentration lower than a concentration of an n-type impurity in the first region, and the second electrode is in contact with the second region. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part of a first conductivity type, a trench being provided in the semiconductor part at a front surface side; a first electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor part; a second electrode provided on the front surface of the semiconductor part; a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type provided inside the trench; and a insulating film electrically isolating the first semiconductor layer from the semiconductor part. The second electrode is electrically connected to the semiconductor part and the first semiconductor layer. The second electrode contacts the semiconductor part with a rectification property.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor part of a first conductivity type, a trench being provided in the semiconductor part at a front surface side; a first electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor part; a second electrode provided on the front surface of the semiconductor part; a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type provided inside the trench; and a insulating film electrically isolating the first semiconductor layer from the semiconductor part, the second electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part and the first semiconductor layer, the second electrode contacting the semiconductor part with a rectification property. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second semiconductor layer of a first conductivity provided in the trench, the second semiconductor layer including an end portion closer to a bottom of the trench than an end portion of the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer being electrically isolated from the semiconductor part by the insulating layer. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the first semiconductor layer is provided between the second semiconductor layer and the second electrode. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the second semiconductor layer is spaced from the first semiconductor layer. 5. The device according to claim 3, wherein the second semiconductor layer is directly connected to the first semiconductor layer. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a width in a direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the width of the first semiconductor layer being wider than a width in the direction of the second semiconductor layer. 7. The device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type provided in the trench, the third semiconductor layer being electrically isolated from the semiconductor part by the insulating layer, the third semiconductor layer being provided between the first semiconductor layer and the first electrode, the third semiconductor layer being directly in contact with the first semiconductor layer, the first semiconductor layer having a width in a direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the width of the first semiconductor layer being wider than a width in the direction of the second semiconductor layer. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the third semiconductor layer has a width in the direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the width of the third semiconductor layer being same as the width of the first semiconductor layer. 9. The device according to claim 7, wherein the third semiconductor layer is provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein
the third semiconductor layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being provided between the second portion and the first semiconductor layer, the first portion having a first width in the direction along the front surface of the semiconductor part, the second portion having a second width in the direction; and the second width is narrower than the first width. 11. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the first semiconductor layer is provided between the semiconductor part and the second semiconductor layer; the first semiconductor layer has a first end on a side of the first electrode and a second end on a side of the second electrode; the second semiconductor layer has a first end on a side of the first electrode and a second end on a side of the second electrode; and the second end of the first semiconductor layer and the second end of the second semiconductor layer are directly connected to the second electrode. 12. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the semiconductor part includes a first region and a second region, the second region being provided between the first region and the second electrode, the second region including an n-type impurity with a concentration lower than a concentration of an n-type impurity in the first region, and the second electrode is in contact with the second region. | 2,800 |
343,276 | 16,802,679 | 2,882 | A computer system includes a dispatch stage configured to dispatch a plurality of instructions in a program order, and an issue stage configured to issue at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions. The computer system further includes an execution stage configured to execute the at least one instruction to generate a finish report and to determine the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction. In response to determining the exception-free instruction, a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction is output to a completion stage. In response to determining the exception instruction, a second finish report associated with the exception instruction is output to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. | 1. A computer-implemented method for controlling an order of an instruction pipeline of an out-of-order data processing system, the method comprising:
dispatching, via a dispatch stage, a plurality of instructions in a program order; issuing, via an issue stage, at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions; executing, via an execution stage, the at least one instruction to generate a finish report, and determining the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction; in response to determining the exception-free instruction, outputting a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction to a completion stage; and in response to determining the exception instruction, outputting a second finish report associated with the exception instruction to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one instruction is issued out-of-order with respect to the program order. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein halting the output of the second finish report delays completion of the exception instruction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein halting the output of the finish report comprises:
queuing the second finish report in an exception buffer; assigning an exception pointer to the second finish report queued in the exception buffer; generating a next-to-complete (NTC) pointer indicating a NTC instruction included in an instruction completion table; and performing, via the execution unit, a finishing operation on the exception instruction in response to the exception pointer matching the (NTC) pointer. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising completing, via the completion stage, the exception instruction after the finishing operation is completed. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the finishing operation comprises:
performing one of a flush operation on the exception instruction, an modular arithmetic operation defined by the exception operation, or a writing operation to set at least one bit in one or more registers according to the exception operation; and outputting the second finish report from the exception unit in response to completing the finishing operation. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising completing the exception instruction, via the completion stage, in response to receiving the second finish report from the exception unit. 8. A computer system comprising:
a dispatch stage configured to dispatch a plurality of instructions in a program order; an issue stage configured to issue at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions; and an execution stage configured to execute the at least one instruction to generate a finish report, and to determine the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction, wherein in response to determining the exception-free instruction, a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction is output to a completion stage; and wherein in response to determining the exception instruction; a second finish report associated with the exception instruction is output to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one instruction is issued out-of-order with respect to the program order. 10. The computer system of claim 8, wherein halting the output of the second finish report delays completion of the exception instruction. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein halting the output of the finish report comprises:
queuing the second finish report in an exception buffer; assigning an exception pointer to the second finish report queued in the exception buffer; generating a next-to-complete (NTC) pointer indicating a NTC instruction included in an instruction completion table; and performing, via the execution unit, a finishing operation on the exception instruction in response to the exception pointer matching the (NTC) pointer. 12. The computer system of claim 11, further comprising completing, via the completion stage, the exception instruction after the finishing operation is completed. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein the finishing operation comprises:
performing one of a flush operation on the exception instruction, an modular arithmetic operation defined by the exception operation, or a writing operation to set at least one bit in one or more registers according to the exception operation; and outputting the second finish report from the exception unit in response to completing the finishing operation. 14. The computer system of claim 13, further comprising completing the exception instruction, via the completion stage, in response to receiving the second finish report from the exception unit. 15. A computer program product to control a computer system to control an order of an instruction pipeline of an out-of-order data processing system, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by an electronic computer processor to control the computer system to perform operations comprising:
a dispatch stage configured to dispatch a plurality of instructions in a program order; an issue stage configured to issue at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions; and an execution stage configured to execute the at least one instruction to generate a finish report, and to determine the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction, wherein in response to determining the exception-free instruction, a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction is output to a completion stage; and wherein in response to determining the exception instruction; a second finish report associated with the exception instruction is output to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one instruction is issued out-of-order with respect to the program order. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein halting the output of the second finish report delays completion of the exception instruction. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein halting the output of the finish report comprises:
queuing the second finish report in an exception buffer; assigning an exception pointer to the second finish report queued in the exception buffer; generating a next-to-complete (NTC) pointer indicating a NTC instruction included in an instruction completion table; and performing, via the execution unit, a finishing operation on the exception instruction in response to the exception pointer matching the (NTC) pointer. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, further comprising completing, via the completion stage, the exception instruction after the finishing operation is completed. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the finishing operation comprises:
performing one of a flush operation on the exception instruction, an modular arithmetic operation defined by the exception operation, or a writing operation to set at least one bit in one or more registers according to the exception operation; outputting the second finish report from the exception unit in response to completing the finishing operation; and completing the exception instruction, via the completion stage, in response to receiving the second finish report from the exception unit. | A computer system includes a dispatch stage configured to dispatch a plurality of instructions in a program order, and an issue stage configured to issue at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions. The computer system further includes an execution stage configured to execute the at least one instruction to generate a finish report and to determine the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction. In response to determining the exception-free instruction, a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction is output to a completion stage. In response to determining the exception instruction, a second finish report associated with the exception instruction is output to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage.1. A computer-implemented method for controlling an order of an instruction pipeline of an out-of-order data processing system, the method comprising:
dispatching, via a dispatch stage, a plurality of instructions in a program order; issuing, via an issue stage, at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions; executing, via an execution stage, the at least one instruction to generate a finish report, and determining the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction; in response to determining the exception-free instruction, outputting a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction to a completion stage; and in response to determining the exception instruction, outputting a second finish report associated with the exception instruction to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one instruction is issued out-of-order with respect to the program order. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein halting the output of the second finish report delays completion of the exception instruction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein halting the output of the finish report comprises:
queuing the second finish report in an exception buffer; assigning an exception pointer to the second finish report queued in the exception buffer; generating a next-to-complete (NTC) pointer indicating a NTC instruction included in an instruction completion table; and performing, via the execution unit, a finishing operation on the exception instruction in response to the exception pointer matching the (NTC) pointer. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising completing, via the completion stage, the exception instruction after the finishing operation is completed. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the finishing operation comprises:
performing one of a flush operation on the exception instruction, an modular arithmetic operation defined by the exception operation, or a writing operation to set at least one bit in one or more registers according to the exception operation; and outputting the second finish report from the exception unit in response to completing the finishing operation. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising completing the exception instruction, via the completion stage, in response to receiving the second finish report from the exception unit. 8. A computer system comprising:
a dispatch stage configured to dispatch a plurality of instructions in a program order; an issue stage configured to issue at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions; and an execution stage configured to execute the at least one instruction to generate a finish report, and to determine the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction, wherein in response to determining the exception-free instruction, a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction is output to a completion stage; and wherein in response to determining the exception instruction; a second finish report associated with the exception instruction is output to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one instruction is issued out-of-order with respect to the program order. 10. The computer system of claim 8, wherein halting the output of the second finish report delays completion of the exception instruction. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein halting the output of the finish report comprises:
queuing the second finish report in an exception buffer; assigning an exception pointer to the second finish report queued in the exception buffer; generating a next-to-complete (NTC) pointer indicating a NTC instruction included in an instruction completion table; and performing, via the execution unit, a finishing operation on the exception instruction in response to the exception pointer matching the (NTC) pointer. 12. The computer system of claim 11, further comprising completing, via the completion stage, the exception instruction after the finishing operation is completed. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein the finishing operation comprises:
performing one of a flush operation on the exception instruction, an modular arithmetic operation defined by the exception operation, or a writing operation to set at least one bit in one or more registers according to the exception operation; and outputting the second finish report from the exception unit in response to completing the finishing operation. 14. The computer system of claim 13, further comprising completing the exception instruction, via the completion stage, in response to receiving the second finish report from the exception unit. 15. A computer program product to control a computer system to control an order of an instruction pipeline of an out-of-order data processing system, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by an electronic computer processor to control the computer system to perform operations comprising:
a dispatch stage configured to dispatch a plurality of instructions in a program order; an issue stage configured to issue at least one instruction among the plurality of instructions; and an execution stage configured to execute the at least one instruction to generate a finish report, and to determine the at least one instruction is one of an exception-free instruction or an exception instruction, wherein in response to determining the exception-free instruction, a first finish report associated with the exception-free instruction is output to a completion stage; and wherein in response to determining the exception instruction; a second finish report associated with the exception instruction is output to an exception unit so as to halt output of the second finish report to the completion stage. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one instruction is issued out-of-order with respect to the program order. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein halting the output of the second finish report delays completion of the exception instruction. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein halting the output of the finish report comprises:
queuing the second finish report in an exception buffer; assigning an exception pointer to the second finish report queued in the exception buffer; generating a next-to-complete (NTC) pointer indicating a NTC instruction included in an instruction completion table; and performing, via the execution unit, a finishing operation on the exception instruction in response to the exception pointer matching the (NTC) pointer. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, further comprising completing, via the completion stage, the exception instruction after the finishing operation is completed. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the finishing operation comprises:
performing one of a flush operation on the exception instruction, an modular arithmetic operation defined by the exception operation, or a writing operation to set at least one bit in one or more registers according to the exception operation; outputting the second finish report from the exception unit in response to completing the finishing operation; and completing the exception instruction, via the completion stage, in response to receiving the second finish report from the exception unit. | 2,800 |
343,277 | 16,802,681 | 2,882 | The present invention provides novel melon plants and plant parts, seed, fruit, and tissue culture therefrom. The invention also provides methods for producing a melon plant by crossing the melon plants of the invention with themselves or another melon plant. The invention also provides plants produced from such a crossing as well as plant parts, seed, fruit, and tissue culture therefrom. | 1. A seed of a plant selected from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, a representative sample of seed having been deposited under ATCC Accession Nos. PTA-126773, PTA-126774, PTA-126775, PTA-126776, PTA-126777 and PTA-126778 respectively. 2. A plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480 grown from the seed of claim 1. 3. A cantaloupe plant having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. 4. A seed that produces the plant of claim 3. 5. A progeny melon plant comprising at least one set of chromosomes of the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant of claim 2 is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 6. A progeny melon plant comprising at least 50% of the alleles of the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant of claim 2 is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 7. The progeny melon plant of claim 6, wherein the plant is an inbred plant or a doubled haploid plant. 8. A plant part of the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant part is a fruit, fruit flesh, an F1 seed, a scion, a rootstock, a shoot, an anther, pollen, an ovule, a root, a leaf, or a cell. 9. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 2. 10. A plant regenerated from the tissue culture of regenerable cells of claim 9, wherein the regenerated plant comprises all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. 11. A converted melon plant produced by introducing a single locus conversation into the plant of claim 2, which is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468, wherein said converted melon plant comprises said single locus conversion and otherwise comprises all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 12. A seed that produces the plant of claim 11. 13. A method of producing melon seed, the method comprising crossing the plant of claim 2 with itself or a second melon plant and harvesting the resulting seed. 14. An F1 melon seed produced by the method of claim 13, wherein the plant to be crossed is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 15. A melon plant, or part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 14. 16. A method of developing a melon line in a melon plant breeding program using plant breeding techniques, which include employing a melon plant, or its parts, as a source of plant breeding material, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining the cantaloupe plant, or parts thereof, of claim 2 as a source of breeding material; and (b) applying plant breeding techniques. 17. A method for producing a seed of a melon plant derived from the plant of claim 2, the method comprising:
(a) crossing a melon plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480 with a second melon plant; (b) allowing seed to form; (c) growing a plant from the seed of step (b) to produce a plant derived from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480; (d) selfing the plant of step (c) or crossing it to a second melon plant to form additional melon seed derived from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480; and (e) optionally repeating steps (c) and (d) one or more times to generate further derived melon seed from melon cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, wherein in step (c) a plant is grown from the additional melon seed of step (d) in place of growing a plant from the seed of step (b). 18. A melon seed produced by the method of claim 17. 19. A melon plant, or part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 18. 20. A method of producing cantaloupe fruit, the method comprising:
(a) growing the plant of claim 2 to produce a cantaloupe fruit; and (b) harvesting the cantaloupe fruit from the plant. 21. A method of vegetatively propagating the plant of claim 2, the method comprising:
(a) collecting tissue capable of being propagated from a plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, respectively; (b) cultivating the tissue to obtain proliferated shoots; and (c) rooting a proliferated shoot to obtain a rooted plantlet. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising growing a plant from the rooted plantlet. 23. A plant obtained by the method of claim 22. 24. A method of introducing a desired added trait into cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468, the method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 2, which is ME466, ME467 or ME468, with a melon plant that comprises a desired added trait to produce F1 progeny; (b) selecting an F1 progeny that comprises the desired added trait; (c) backcrossing the selected F1 progeny with the same cantaloupe cultivar as in step (a) to produce backcross progeny; (d) selecting backcross progeny comprising the desired added trait; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) one or more times to produce a plant derived from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468 comprising a desired added trait and essentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468, wherein the selected backcross progeny produced in step (d) is used in place of the selected F1 progeny in step (c). 25. A melon plant produced by the method of claim 24 or a selfed progeny thereof, wherein the melon plant has the desired added trait and otherwise has all the physiological and morphological characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 26. A seed of the plant of claim 25, wherein the seed produces a plant that has the desired added trait. 27. A seed that produces the plant of claim 25. 28. A method of producing a plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480 comprising a desired added desired trait, the method comprising introducing a transgene conferring the desired trait into the plant of claim 2. 29. A melon plant produced by the method of claim 28 or a selfed progeny thereof, wherein the melon plant has the desired added trait. 30. A seed that produces the plant of claim 29. 31. A method for producing a seed from the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant is cantaloupe cultivar ME469, ME470 or ME480, the method comprising selfing a melon plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME469, ME470 or ME480 for one or more generations and allowing seed to form. 32. A seed produced by the method of claim 31, wherein the seed grows an inbred cantaloupe plant. 33. A method of determining a genotype of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining a sample of nucleic acids from the plant of claim 2; and (b) detecting a polymorphism in the nucleic acid sample using molecular biology techniques. 34. A plant, plant part, or F1 seed of cantaloupe cultivar ME466. 35. A plant, plant part, or F1 seed of cantaloupe cultivar ME467. 36. A plant, plant part, or F1 seed of cantaloupe cultivar ME468. 37. A plant or plant part of cantaloupe cultivar ME469, or a seed that produces cantaloupe cultivar ME469. 38. A plant or plant part of cantaloupe cultivar ME470, or a seed that produces cantaloupe cultivar ME470. 39. A plant or plant part of cantaloupe cultivar ME480, or a seed that produces cantaloupe cultivar ME480. | The present invention provides novel melon plants and plant parts, seed, fruit, and tissue culture therefrom. The invention also provides methods for producing a melon plant by crossing the melon plants of the invention with themselves or another melon plant. The invention also provides plants produced from such a crossing as well as plant parts, seed, fruit, and tissue culture therefrom.1. A seed of a plant selected from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, a representative sample of seed having been deposited under ATCC Accession Nos. PTA-126773, PTA-126774, PTA-126775, PTA-126776, PTA-126777 and PTA-126778 respectively. 2. A plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480 grown from the seed of claim 1. 3. A cantaloupe plant having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. 4. A seed that produces the plant of claim 3. 5. A progeny melon plant comprising at least one set of chromosomes of the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant of claim 2 is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 6. A progeny melon plant comprising at least 50% of the alleles of the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant of claim 2 is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 7. The progeny melon plant of claim 6, wherein the plant is an inbred plant or a doubled haploid plant. 8. A plant part of the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant part is a fruit, fruit flesh, an F1 seed, a scion, a rootstock, a shoot, an anther, pollen, an ovule, a root, a leaf, or a cell. 9. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 2. 10. A plant regenerated from the tissue culture of regenerable cells of claim 9, wherein the regenerated plant comprises all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. 11. A converted melon plant produced by introducing a single locus conversation into the plant of claim 2, which is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468, wherein said converted melon plant comprises said single locus conversion and otherwise comprises all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 12. A seed that produces the plant of claim 11. 13. A method of producing melon seed, the method comprising crossing the plant of claim 2 with itself or a second melon plant and harvesting the resulting seed. 14. An F1 melon seed produced by the method of claim 13, wherein the plant to be crossed is cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 15. A melon plant, or part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 14. 16. A method of developing a melon line in a melon plant breeding program using plant breeding techniques, which include employing a melon plant, or its parts, as a source of plant breeding material, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining the cantaloupe plant, or parts thereof, of claim 2 as a source of breeding material; and (b) applying plant breeding techniques. 17. A method for producing a seed of a melon plant derived from the plant of claim 2, the method comprising:
(a) crossing a melon plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480 with a second melon plant; (b) allowing seed to form; (c) growing a plant from the seed of step (b) to produce a plant derived from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480; (d) selfing the plant of step (c) or crossing it to a second melon plant to form additional melon seed derived from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480; and (e) optionally repeating steps (c) and (d) one or more times to generate further derived melon seed from melon cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, wherein in step (c) a plant is grown from the additional melon seed of step (d) in place of growing a plant from the seed of step (b). 18. A melon seed produced by the method of claim 17. 19. A melon plant, or part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 18. 20. A method of producing cantaloupe fruit, the method comprising:
(a) growing the plant of claim 2 to produce a cantaloupe fruit; and (b) harvesting the cantaloupe fruit from the plant. 21. A method of vegetatively propagating the plant of claim 2, the method comprising:
(a) collecting tissue capable of being propagated from a plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, respectively; (b) cultivating the tissue to obtain proliferated shoots; and (c) rooting a proliferated shoot to obtain a rooted plantlet. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising growing a plant from the rooted plantlet. 23. A plant obtained by the method of claim 22. 24. A method of introducing a desired added trait into cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468, the method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 2, which is ME466, ME467 or ME468, with a melon plant that comprises a desired added trait to produce F1 progeny; (b) selecting an F1 progeny that comprises the desired added trait; (c) backcrossing the selected F1 progeny with the same cantaloupe cultivar as in step (a) to produce backcross progeny; (d) selecting backcross progeny comprising the desired added trait; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) one or more times to produce a plant derived from cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468 comprising a desired added trait and essentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468, wherein the selected backcross progeny produced in step (d) is used in place of the selected F1 progeny in step (c). 25. A melon plant produced by the method of claim 24 or a selfed progeny thereof, wherein the melon plant has the desired added trait and otherwise has all the physiological and morphological characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467 or ME468. 26. A seed of the plant of claim 25, wherein the seed produces a plant that has the desired added trait. 27. A seed that produces the plant of claim 25. 28. A method of producing a plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480 comprising a desired added desired trait, the method comprising introducing a transgene conferring the desired trait into the plant of claim 2. 29. A melon plant produced by the method of claim 28 or a selfed progeny thereof, wherein the melon plant has the desired added trait. 30. A seed that produces the plant of claim 29. 31. A method for producing a seed from the plant of claim 2, wherein the plant is cantaloupe cultivar ME469, ME470 or ME480, the method comprising selfing a melon plant of cantaloupe cultivar ME469, ME470 or ME480 for one or more generations and allowing seed to form. 32. A seed produced by the method of claim 31, wherein the seed grows an inbred cantaloupe plant. 33. A method of determining a genotype of cantaloupe cultivar ME466, ME467, ME468, ME469, ME470 or ME480, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining a sample of nucleic acids from the plant of claim 2; and (b) detecting a polymorphism in the nucleic acid sample using molecular biology techniques. 34. A plant, plant part, or F1 seed of cantaloupe cultivar ME466. 35. A plant, plant part, or F1 seed of cantaloupe cultivar ME467. 36. A plant, plant part, or F1 seed of cantaloupe cultivar ME468. 37. A plant or plant part of cantaloupe cultivar ME469, or a seed that produces cantaloupe cultivar ME469. 38. A plant or plant part of cantaloupe cultivar ME470, or a seed that produces cantaloupe cultivar ME470. 39. A plant or plant part of cantaloupe cultivar ME480, or a seed that produces cantaloupe cultivar ME480. | 2,800 |
343,278 | 16,802,686 | 2,882 | An ultrasound system which is capable of biplane imaging is able to display, store and export independent image frames of only the reference image or only the variable orientation image, or the standard display of both images. The system is also able to sweep through a range of image plane orientations and automatically acquire an image in each orientation over the range of plane orientations. The system is preferably operable in the biplane tilt mode, the biplane rotate mode, or the biplane elevation tilt mode. | 1. An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system for automated acquisition of a sequence of biplane images of progressively different image plane orientations comprising:
an ultrasound probe including a two dimensional matrix array transducer; a controller which controls the probe to acquire biplane images of different image orientations, wherein each of the biplane images include a first image in a stationary plane and a second image in a variable orientation image plane; a user control operable by a user to command the controller to acquire the biplane images, store the second images as a sequence of images of progressively different image orientations over a range of orientation variation and selectively discard the first images; and a display for display of biplane images. 2. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the user control is further operable by the user for setting the range of orientation variation over which the biplane images are to be acquired. 3. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 2, further comprising a source of trigger signals, coupled to the controller, for gated acquisition of the sequence of images of progressively different image orientations. 4. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, further comprising an image memory for storing the sequence of images of progressively different image orientations. 5. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the progressively different image orientations are different tilt angle orientations, different rotation angle orientations, or different elevation tilt angle orientations. 6. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the user control is further operable by the user for setting a difference in orientation between the different image orientations. 7. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the stationary plane of the first image is at a fixed orientation in relation to the matrix array transducer and the variable orientation image plane of the second image is variable in relation to stationary plane of the first image by the user. 8. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 7, further comprising a user control operable by a user to select a biplane mode as one of:
the second image having a tilted orientation in relation to the first image and intersecting the stationary plane of the first image; the second image having a rotated orientation in relation to the first image; or the second image being tilted in elevation and not intersecting the first image. 9. A method for operating an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system to acquire biplane images comprising:
selecting a biplane imaging mode; imaging a region of interest in a body in the selected biplane imaging mode; initiating a swept acquisition of biplane images of progressively different image orientations, wherein each of the biplane images include a first image in a stationary plane and a second image in a variable orientation image plane; storing an image sequence of the second images of the biplane images of progressively different image orientations; and selectively discarding the first images of the biplane images. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting a range of progressively different image acquisitions over which the swept acquisition is to be initiated. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising selecting an incremental difference in orientation between the different image orientations. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein initiating further comprises initiating a swept acquisition of biplane images of progressively different image plane tilt. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein initiating further comprises initiating a swept acquisition of biplane images of progressively different image plane rotation. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising exporting the stored image sequence to a different image display device. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
acquiring a trigger signal; and wherein initiating further comprises initiating a gated, swept acquisition of the biplane images of progressively different image orientations. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to control an ultrasound probe to acquire biplane images of different image orientations, wherein each of the biplane images include a first image in a stationary plane and a second image in a variable orientation image plane; and a user control configured to receive a user to command that causes the controller to acquire the biplane images, store the second images as a sequence of images, and selectively discard the first images. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the different image orientations of the biplane images are at progressively different image orientations over a range of orientation variation. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein at least one of the rate of orientation variation or an incremental difference in orientation between the progressively different image orientations are selected via the user control. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a source of trigger signals, wherein the trigger signals cause the acquisition of the biplane images to be gated with respect to the trigger signals. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the different image orientations are different with respect to at least one of tilt angle orientation, rotation angle, or elevation tilt angle. | An ultrasound system which is capable of biplane imaging is able to display, store and export independent image frames of only the reference image or only the variable orientation image, or the standard display of both images. The system is also able to sweep through a range of image plane orientations and automatically acquire an image in each orientation over the range of plane orientations. The system is preferably operable in the biplane tilt mode, the biplane rotate mode, or the biplane elevation tilt mode.1. An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system for automated acquisition of a sequence of biplane images of progressively different image plane orientations comprising:
an ultrasound probe including a two dimensional matrix array transducer; a controller which controls the probe to acquire biplane images of different image orientations, wherein each of the biplane images include a first image in a stationary plane and a second image in a variable orientation image plane; a user control operable by a user to command the controller to acquire the biplane images, store the second images as a sequence of images of progressively different image orientations over a range of orientation variation and selectively discard the first images; and a display for display of biplane images. 2. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the user control is further operable by the user for setting the range of orientation variation over which the biplane images are to be acquired. 3. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 2, further comprising a source of trigger signals, coupled to the controller, for gated acquisition of the sequence of images of progressively different image orientations. 4. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, further comprising an image memory for storing the sequence of images of progressively different image orientations. 5. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the progressively different image orientations are different tilt angle orientations, different rotation angle orientations, or different elevation tilt angle orientations. 6. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the user control is further operable by the user for setting a difference in orientation between the different image orientations. 7. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the stationary plane of the first image is at a fixed orientation in relation to the matrix array transducer and the variable orientation image plane of the second image is variable in relation to stationary plane of the first image by the user. 8. The ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system of claim 7, further comprising a user control operable by a user to select a biplane mode as one of:
the second image having a tilted orientation in relation to the first image and intersecting the stationary plane of the first image; the second image having a rotated orientation in relation to the first image; or the second image being tilted in elevation and not intersecting the first image. 9. A method for operating an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system to acquire biplane images comprising:
selecting a biplane imaging mode; imaging a region of interest in a body in the selected biplane imaging mode; initiating a swept acquisition of biplane images of progressively different image orientations, wherein each of the biplane images include a first image in a stationary plane and a second image in a variable orientation image plane; storing an image sequence of the second images of the biplane images of progressively different image orientations; and selectively discarding the first images of the biplane images. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting a range of progressively different image acquisitions over which the swept acquisition is to be initiated. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising selecting an incremental difference in orientation between the different image orientations. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein initiating further comprises initiating a swept acquisition of biplane images of progressively different image plane tilt. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein initiating further comprises initiating a swept acquisition of biplane images of progressively different image plane rotation. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising exporting the stored image sequence to a different image display device. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
acquiring a trigger signal; and wherein initiating further comprises initiating a gated, swept acquisition of the biplane images of progressively different image orientations. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to control an ultrasound probe to acquire biplane images of different image orientations, wherein each of the biplane images include a first image in a stationary plane and a second image in a variable orientation image plane; and a user control configured to receive a user to command that causes the controller to acquire the biplane images, store the second images as a sequence of images, and selectively discard the first images. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the different image orientations of the biplane images are at progressively different image orientations over a range of orientation variation. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein at least one of the rate of orientation variation or an incremental difference in orientation between the progressively different image orientations are selected via the user control. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a source of trigger signals, wherein the trigger signals cause the acquisition of the biplane images to be gated with respect to the trigger signals. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the different image orientations are different with respect to at least one of tilt angle orientation, rotation angle, or elevation tilt angle. | 2,800 |
343,279 | 16,802,658 | 2,882 | A method of monitoring respiration with an acoustic measurement device, the acoustic measurement device having a sound transducer, the sound transducer configured to measure sound associated with airflow through a mammalian trachea, the method includes correlating the measured sound into a measurement of tidal volume and generating at least one from the group consisting of an alert and an alarm if the measured tidal volume falls outside of a predetermined range. | 1. A method of predicting heat exhaustion or heat stroke in an ambulatory mammal, comprising:
periodically measuring sound emanating from an airflow through the mammal's trachea with an acoustic measurement device, the acoustic measurement device including a housing including a sound transducer and a temperature sensor; correlating the measured sound into a measurement of the mammal's respiratory rate and tidal volume; assigning a first value of a likelihood of at least one of heat exhaustion and heat stroke to the measured respiratory rate and a second value to the likelihood of at least one of heat exhaustion and heat stroke to tidal volume; periodically measuring the mammal's temperature; assigning a third value of a likelihood of at least one of heat exhaustion and heat stroke to the measured temperature; and generating at least one from the group consisting of an alert and an alarm if a comparison of the first value, second value, and third value exceeds a predetermined range. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising multiplying at least one from the group consisting of the first value, the second value, and the third value by a predetermined weighting value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing of the acoustic measurement device has a width between 0.5 cm and 2.5 cm. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing defines an opening, and wherein positioning the acoustic measurement device on the skin of the mammal includes pressing the opening of the housing against the mammal's skin. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sound transducer is disposed on an end of the housing opposite the opening. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the housing includes a diaphragm configured to vibrate in response to sound disposed within the opening and pressed against the mammal's skin. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diaphragm is directly coupled to the sound transducer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic measurement device further includes an accelerometer configured to measure a relative body position and a movement of the mammal, and wherein the method further includes at least periodically modifying the predetermined range based on the mammal's relative position and movement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic measurement device further includes a device configured to measure a mammal's cardiac electrogram. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating at least one from the group consisting of a rate of change and trend direction of the sum of the first value and the second value, and wherein the at least one from the group consisting of the alert and the alarm is further generated if the calculated rate of change and trend direction of the sum of the first value and the second value deviates from the predetermined range. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a first connector configured to engage a second connector of a coupling component, the coupling component being configured to be adhered to the mammal's skin, and wherein the coupling component includes an adhesive and a diaphragm, the adhesive being disposed about at least a portion of the second connector and the diaphragm. | A method of monitoring respiration with an acoustic measurement device, the acoustic measurement device having a sound transducer, the sound transducer configured to measure sound associated with airflow through a mammalian trachea, the method includes correlating the measured sound into a measurement of tidal volume and generating at least one from the group consisting of an alert and an alarm if the measured tidal volume falls outside of a predetermined range.1. A method of predicting heat exhaustion or heat stroke in an ambulatory mammal, comprising:
periodically measuring sound emanating from an airflow through the mammal's trachea with an acoustic measurement device, the acoustic measurement device including a housing including a sound transducer and a temperature sensor; correlating the measured sound into a measurement of the mammal's respiratory rate and tidal volume; assigning a first value of a likelihood of at least one of heat exhaustion and heat stroke to the measured respiratory rate and a second value to the likelihood of at least one of heat exhaustion and heat stroke to tidal volume; periodically measuring the mammal's temperature; assigning a third value of a likelihood of at least one of heat exhaustion and heat stroke to the measured temperature; and generating at least one from the group consisting of an alert and an alarm if a comparison of the first value, second value, and third value exceeds a predetermined range. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising multiplying at least one from the group consisting of the first value, the second value, and the third value by a predetermined weighting value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing of the acoustic measurement device has a width between 0.5 cm and 2.5 cm. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing defines an opening, and wherein positioning the acoustic measurement device on the skin of the mammal includes pressing the opening of the housing against the mammal's skin. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sound transducer is disposed on an end of the housing opposite the opening. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the housing includes a diaphragm configured to vibrate in response to sound disposed within the opening and pressed against the mammal's skin. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diaphragm is directly coupled to the sound transducer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic measurement device further includes an accelerometer configured to measure a relative body position and a movement of the mammal, and wherein the method further includes at least periodically modifying the predetermined range based on the mammal's relative position and movement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic measurement device further includes a device configured to measure a mammal's cardiac electrogram. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating at least one from the group consisting of a rate of change and trend direction of the sum of the first value and the second value, and wherein the at least one from the group consisting of the alert and the alarm is further generated if the calculated rate of change and trend direction of the sum of the first value and the second value deviates from the predetermined range. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a first connector configured to engage a second connector of a coupling component, the coupling component being configured to be adhered to the mammal's skin, and wherein the coupling component includes an adhesive and a diaphragm, the adhesive being disposed about at least a portion of the second connector and the diaphragm. | 2,800 |
343,280 | 16,802,683 | 2,818 | Disclosed are a semiconductor package and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor package may include a semiconductor chip structure, a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure, a dam placed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate, and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure. The semiconductor chip structure may include an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, and the image sensor chip may be closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip. | 1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor chip structure; a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure; a dam placed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure, wherein the semiconductor chip structure includes an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, wherein the image sensor chip is closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip, and wherein widths of the image sensor chip and the logic chip are less than a width of the transparent substrate. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array, which is provided in a center region of the image sensor chip, wherein the logic chip comprises a through electrode, and wherein the through electrode overlaps the micro lens array. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein a sidewall of the image sensor chip is aligned with a sidewall of the logic chip. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is extended to be in contact with a sidewall of the dam and a surface of the transparent substrate. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array and a light-shielding pattern, the micro lens array being provided in a center region of the image sensor chip in a plan view, and the light-shielding pattern being provided in an edge region of the image sensor chip and enclosing the micro lens array in the plan view, and wherein the adhesive layer is in contact with the light-shielding pattern. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5,
wherein the image sensor chip further comprises a color filter array in contact with the micro lens array, and wherein the light-shielding pattern is positioned at the same height as the color filter array. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 6, wherein the light-shielding pattern comprises the same material as the color filter array. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein sidewalls of the adhesive layer, the dam, and the transparent substrate are aligned with each other and are spaced apart from a sidewall of the semiconductor chip structure. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor chip structure further comprises a memory chip electrically connected with the logic chip. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 9,
wherein the memory chip has a width less than a width of the logic chip, and wherein the semiconductor chip structure further comprises a mold layer covering a sidewall of the memory chip and exposing sidewalls of the logic chip and the image sensor chip. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein a sidewall of the mold layer is aligned with the sidewall of the logic chip. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the semiconductor chip structure is between about 10 μm to 100 μm, and wherein a thickness of the transparent substrate is between about 200 μm to 300 μm. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein a width of the transparent substrate is greater than a width of the semiconductor chip structure. 14. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor chip structure; a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure; a dam disposed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure, wherein the semiconductor chip structure includes an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, wherein the image sensor chip is closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip, wherein widths of the image sensor chip and the logic chip are less than a width of the transparent substrate, wherein the semiconductor chip structure has a thickness of about 10 μm-100 μm, and wherein the transparent substrate has a thickness of about 200 μm-300 μm. 15. The semiconductor package of claim 14,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array, which is provided in a center region of the image sensor chip, wherein the logic chip comprises a through electrode, and wherein the through electrode overlaps the micro lens array. 16. The semiconductor package of claim 15,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a light-shielding pattern enclosing the micro lens array in a plan view, and wherein the adhesive layer is in contact with the light-shielding pattern. 17. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor chip structure; a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure; a dam placed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure, wherein the semiconductor chip structure comprises an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, wherein the image sensor chip is closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip, wherein widths of the image sensor chip and the logic chip are less than a width of the transparent substrate, wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array and a light-shielding pattern, the micro lens array being provided in a center region of the image sensor chip, the light-shielding pattern being provided in an edge region of the image sensor chip and enclosing the micro lens array in a plan view, and wherein the adhesive layer is in contact with the light-shielding pattern. 18. The semiconductor package of claim 17,
wherein the image sensor chip further comprises a color filter array in contact with the micro lens array, and wherein the light-shielding pattern is positioned at the same height as the color filter array. 19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein the light-shielding pattern comprises the same material as the color filter array. 20. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor chip structure further comprises a memory chip electrically connected to the logic chip. 21.-28. (canceled) | Disclosed are a semiconductor package and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor package may include a semiconductor chip structure, a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure, a dam placed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate, and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure. The semiconductor chip structure may include an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, and the image sensor chip may be closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip.1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor chip structure; a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure; a dam placed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure, wherein the semiconductor chip structure includes an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, wherein the image sensor chip is closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip, and wherein widths of the image sensor chip and the logic chip are less than a width of the transparent substrate. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array, which is provided in a center region of the image sensor chip, wherein the logic chip comprises a through electrode, and wherein the through electrode overlaps the micro lens array. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein a sidewall of the image sensor chip is aligned with a sidewall of the logic chip. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is extended to be in contact with a sidewall of the dam and a surface of the transparent substrate. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array and a light-shielding pattern, the micro lens array being provided in a center region of the image sensor chip in a plan view, and the light-shielding pattern being provided in an edge region of the image sensor chip and enclosing the micro lens array in the plan view, and wherein the adhesive layer is in contact with the light-shielding pattern. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5,
wherein the image sensor chip further comprises a color filter array in contact with the micro lens array, and wherein the light-shielding pattern is positioned at the same height as the color filter array. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 6, wherein the light-shielding pattern comprises the same material as the color filter array. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein sidewalls of the adhesive layer, the dam, and the transparent substrate are aligned with each other and are spaced apart from a sidewall of the semiconductor chip structure. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor chip structure further comprises a memory chip electrically connected with the logic chip. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 9,
wherein the memory chip has a width less than a width of the logic chip, and wherein the semiconductor chip structure further comprises a mold layer covering a sidewall of the memory chip and exposing sidewalls of the logic chip and the image sensor chip. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein a sidewall of the mold layer is aligned with the sidewall of the logic chip. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the semiconductor chip structure is between about 10 μm to 100 μm, and wherein a thickness of the transparent substrate is between about 200 μm to 300 μm. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein a width of the transparent substrate is greater than a width of the semiconductor chip structure. 14. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor chip structure; a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure; a dam disposed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure, wherein the semiconductor chip structure includes an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, wherein the image sensor chip is closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip, wherein widths of the image sensor chip and the logic chip are less than a width of the transparent substrate, wherein the semiconductor chip structure has a thickness of about 10 μm-100 μm, and wherein the transparent substrate has a thickness of about 200 μm-300 μm. 15. The semiconductor package of claim 14,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array, which is provided in a center region of the image sensor chip, wherein the logic chip comprises a through electrode, and wherein the through electrode overlaps the micro lens array. 16. The semiconductor package of claim 15,
wherein the image sensor chip comprises a light-shielding pattern enclosing the micro lens array in a plan view, and wherein the adhesive layer is in contact with the light-shielding pattern. 17. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor chip structure; a transparent substrate disposed on the semiconductor chip structure; a dam placed on an edge of the semiconductor chip structure and between the semiconductor chip structure and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer interposed between the dam and the semiconductor chip structure, wherein the semiconductor chip structure comprises an image sensor chip and a logic chip, which are in contact with each other, wherein the image sensor chip is closer to the transparent substrate than the logic chip, wherein widths of the image sensor chip and the logic chip are less than a width of the transparent substrate, wherein the image sensor chip comprises a micro lens array and a light-shielding pattern, the micro lens array being provided in a center region of the image sensor chip, the light-shielding pattern being provided in an edge region of the image sensor chip and enclosing the micro lens array in a plan view, and wherein the adhesive layer is in contact with the light-shielding pattern. 18. The semiconductor package of claim 17,
wherein the image sensor chip further comprises a color filter array in contact with the micro lens array, and wherein the light-shielding pattern is positioned at the same height as the color filter array. 19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein the light-shielding pattern comprises the same material as the color filter array. 20. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor chip structure further comprises a memory chip electrically connected to the logic chip. 21.-28. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,281 | 16,802,665 | 2,818 | Provided is a culture-medium-monitoring apparatus including: an optical measurement unit that includes an illumination light source and a collecting lens that radiate an illumination light onto a culturing liquid, a retroreflective member that has an array in which micro-reflective elements are arrayed, that is disposed so as to sandwich the vessel between the retroreflective member, and the illuminating light source and the collecting lens, and that reflects the illumination light passed through the culturing liquid in the vessel, and a light detector that detects an intensity of the illumination light passed through the culturing liquid in the vessel after being reflected by the retroreflective member; and a control portion that causes the intensity of the illumination light to be repeatedly detected at a prescribed timing, and that determines a state of the culturing liquid on the basis of a change over time in the intensity of the illumination light. | 1. A culture-medium-monitoring apparatus comprising:
an optical measurement unit that includes
an illuminating portion that is configured to radiate an illumination light beam onto a culture medium in a vessel,
a retroreflective member that has an array in which a plurality of micro-reflective elements are arrayed, that is disposed so as to sandwich the vessel between the illuminating portion and the retroreflective member, and that is configured to reflect the illumination light beam that has passed through the culture medium in the vessel, and
a light-detecting portion that is configured to detect an intensity of the illumination light beam that has passed through the culture medium in the vessel after being reflected by the retroreflective member; and
a control portion that is configured to cause the intensity of the illumination light beam to be repeatedly detected at a prescribed timing by controlling the optical measurement unit, and that determine a state of the culture medium on the basis of a change over time in the intensity of the illumination light beam. 2. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a notifying portion that is configured to issue a notification about information to a user, wherein the control portion issues, by means of the notifying portion, a notification about a timing for replacing the culture medium to the user. 3. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a culture-medium-supplying portion that is configured to supply the culture medium to the vessel; and a culture-medium-discharging portion that is configured to discharge the culture medium from the vessel, wherein, in the case in which the control portion determines that the timing for replacing the culture medium has arrived on the basis of the change over time in the intensity of the illumination light beam detected by the light-detecting portion, the control portion caused the culture-medium-discharging portion to discharge a portion of the culture medium from the vessel, and the control portion caused the culture-medium-supplying portion to supply a new culture medium to the vessel. 4. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a stirrer that is configured to stir the culture medium in the vessel, wherein the control portion causes a speed at which the culture medium is stirred by the stirrer to be reduced when detecting the intensity of the illumination light beam by means of the light-detecting portion. 5. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical measurement unit comprises:
a detection optical system that is configured to cause an image of cells suspended in the culture medium irradiated with the illumination light beam to be formed on the light-detecting portion. 6. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the optical measurement unit comprises:
a phase contrast optical system that is configured to generate a phase contrast image of the cells. 7. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a stirrer that is configured to stir the culture medium in the vessel, wherein the control portion repeatedly performs detection of the intensity of the illumination light beam and acquisition of the image of the cells by means of the light-detecting portion, causes the speed at which the culture medium is stirred by the stirrer to be reduced when detecting the intensity of the illumination light beam, and causes the culture medium to be stirred without reducing the speed at which the culture medium is stirred by the stirrer when acquiring the image of the cells. 8. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a monochromatic light source that is configured to emit the illumination light beam at a single wavelength. 9. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a light source that is configured to emit, as the illumination light beam, a plurality of monochromatic light beams at different wavelengths, wherein the control portion determines the state of the culture medium on the basis of changes over time in intensities of the light beams at the respective wavelengths that have passed through the culture medium and that are detected by the light-detecting portion. 10. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the illuminating portion radiates the illumination light beam onto a specific region in which the cells and the culture medium are present in the vessel, the light-detecting portion includes an image-acquisition portion that is configured to acquire an image of the specific region by capturing an image of a light beam, which is the illumination light beam that has been reflected by the retroreflective member and that has passed through the specific region in the vessel, the control portion includes an image-analyzing portion that is configured to divide the image of the specific region acquired by the image-acquisition portion into pixels containing the cells and background pixels, and that calculate a representative pixel value that represents the background pixels, and the representative pixel value calculated by the image-analyzing portion corresponds to the intensity of the illumination light beam. 11. A culture-medium-monitoring apparatus comprising:
an illuminating portion that is configured to radiate an illumination light beam onto a specific region in which cells and a culture medium are present in a vessel; an image-acquisition portion that is configured to acquire an image of the specific region by capturing an image of an observation light beam coming from the specific region irradiated with the illumination light beam; an image-analyzing portion that is configured to divide the image of the specific region acquired by the image-acquisition portion into pixels containing the cells and background pixels, and that calculates a representative pixel value that represents the background pixels; and a control portion that is configured to repeatedly acquire images of the specific region at a prescribed timing by means of the image-acquisition portion, that calculate the representative pixel values of the individual acquired images of the specific region by means of the image-analyzing portion, and that determine the state of the culture medium on the basis of changes over time in the calculated representative pixel values. 12. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a retroreflective member that has an array in which a plurality of micro-reflective elements are arrayed, that is disposed so as to sandwich the vessel between the illuminating portion and the retroreflective member, and that is configured to reflect the illumination light beam that has passed through the specific region in the vessel, wherein the image-acquisition portion acquires an image of the specific region irradiated again with the illumination light beam that has been reflected by the retroreflective member. 13. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
an oblique illumination optical system that is configured to obliquely illuminate the specific region from a direction that is inclined with respect to an optical axis of the image-acquisition portion. 14. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the illuminating portion and the image-acquisition portion form a phase contrast optical system that generates a phase contrast image of the specific region. 15. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a housing that has a transparent portion that is configured to allow a light beam to pass therethrough, and that accommodates the illuminating portion and the image-acquisition portion, wherein, in a state in which the housing is inserted into the culture medium in the vessel, the illumination light beam is radiated onto the specific region by means of the illuminating portion via the transparent portion, and an image of the specific region is acquired by means of the image-acquisition portion through the transparent portion. 16. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a reflective member that is configured to obliquely illuminate the specific region by reflecting, toward the image-acquisition portion, the illumination light beam that has been made to exit to outside the housing from the illuminating portion via the transparent portion. 17. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:
a tubular protective tube that covers a periphery of the housing, wherein the reflective member is provided at a distal end of the protective tube. 18. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a notifying portion that is configured to issue a notification about information to the user, wherein the control portion issues, by means of the notifying portion, a notification about a timing for replacing the culture medium to the user. 19. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a culture-medium-supplying portion that is configured to supply the culture medium to the vessel; and a culture-medium-discharging portion that discharges the culture medium from the vessel, wherein, in the case in which the control portion determines that the timing for replacing the culture medium has arrived, the control portion causes the culture-medium-discharging portion to discharge a portion of the culture medium from the vessel, and the control portion causes the culture-medium-supplying portion to supply the new culture medium to the vessel. 20. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a monochromatic light source that is configured to emit the illumination light beam at a single wavelength. 21. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a light source that is configured to emit, as the illumination light beam, a plurality of monochromatic light beams at different wavelengths, wherein the control portion determines the state of the culture medium on the basis of changes over time in the representative pixel values of the background pixels of the individual images of the specific region acquired by the image-acquisition portion for the respective wavelengths of the monochromatic light beams radiated onto the specific region. 22. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the illuminating portion comprises a white light source, the image-acquisition portion comprises a color CCD, and the control portion determines the state of the culture medium on the basis of the relationship between hue and pH of the culture medium determined from the background pixels of an image of the specific region acquired by the color CCD. | Provided is a culture-medium-monitoring apparatus including: an optical measurement unit that includes an illumination light source and a collecting lens that radiate an illumination light onto a culturing liquid, a retroreflective member that has an array in which micro-reflective elements are arrayed, that is disposed so as to sandwich the vessel between the retroreflective member, and the illuminating light source and the collecting lens, and that reflects the illumination light passed through the culturing liquid in the vessel, and a light detector that detects an intensity of the illumination light passed through the culturing liquid in the vessel after being reflected by the retroreflective member; and a control portion that causes the intensity of the illumination light to be repeatedly detected at a prescribed timing, and that determines a state of the culturing liquid on the basis of a change over time in the intensity of the illumination light.1. A culture-medium-monitoring apparatus comprising:
an optical measurement unit that includes
an illuminating portion that is configured to radiate an illumination light beam onto a culture medium in a vessel,
a retroreflective member that has an array in which a plurality of micro-reflective elements are arrayed, that is disposed so as to sandwich the vessel between the illuminating portion and the retroreflective member, and that is configured to reflect the illumination light beam that has passed through the culture medium in the vessel, and
a light-detecting portion that is configured to detect an intensity of the illumination light beam that has passed through the culture medium in the vessel after being reflected by the retroreflective member; and
a control portion that is configured to cause the intensity of the illumination light beam to be repeatedly detected at a prescribed timing by controlling the optical measurement unit, and that determine a state of the culture medium on the basis of a change over time in the intensity of the illumination light beam. 2. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a notifying portion that is configured to issue a notification about information to a user, wherein the control portion issues, by means of the notifying portion, a notification about a timing for replacing the culture medium to the user. 3. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a culture-medium-supplying portion that is configured to supply the culture medium to the vessel; and a culture-medium-discharging portion that is configured to discharge the culture medium from the vessel, wherein, in the case in which the control portion determines that the timing for replacing the culture medium has arrived on the basis of the change over time in the intensity of the illumination light beam detected by the light-detecting portion, the control portion caused the culture-medium-discharging portion to discharge a portion of the culture medium from the vessel, and the control portion caused the culture-medium-supplying portion to supply a new culture medium to the vessel. 4. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a stirrer that is configured to stir the culture medium in the vessel, wherein the control portion causes a speed at which the culture medium is stirred by the stirrer to be reduced when detecting the intensity of the illumination light beam by means of the light-detecting portion. 5. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical measurement unit comprises:
a detection optical system that is configured to cause an image of cells suspended in the culture medium irradiated with the illumination light beam to be formed on the light-detecting portion. 6. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the optical measurement unit comprises:
a phase contrast optical system that is configured to generate a phase contrast image of the cells. 7. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a stirrer that is configured to stir the culture medium in the vessel, wherein the control portion repeatedly performs detection of the intensity of the illumination light beam and acquisition of the image of the cells by means of the light-detecting portion, causes the speed at which the culture medium is stirred by the stirrer to be reduced when detecting the intensity of the illumination light beam, and causes the culture medium to be stirred without reducing the speed at which the culture medium is stirred by the stirrer when acquiring the image of the cells. 8. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a monochromatic light source that is configured to emit the illumination light beam at a single wavelength. 9. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a light source that is configured to emit, as the illumination light beam, a plurality of monochromatic light beams at different wavelengths, wherein the control portion determines the state of the culture medium on the basis of changes over time in intensities of the light beams at the respective wavelengths that have passed through the culture medium and that are detected by the light-detecting portion. 10. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the illuminating portion radiates the illumination light beam onto a specific region in which the cells and the culture medium are present in the vessel, the light-detecting portion includes an image-acquisition portion that is configured to acquire an image of the specific region by capturing an image of a light beam, which is the illumination light beam that has been reflected by the retroreflective member and that has passed through the specific region in the vessel, the control portion includes an image-analyzing portion that is configured to divide the image of the specific region acquired by the image-acquisition portion into pixels containing the cells and background pixels, and that calculate a representative pixel value that represents the background pixels, and the representative pixel value calculated by the image-analyzing portion corresponds to the intensity of the illumination light beam. 11. A culture-medium-monitoring apparatus comprising:
an illuminating portion that is configured to radiate an illumination light beam onto a specific region in which cells and a culture medium are present in a vessel; an image-acquisition portion that is configured to acquire an image of the specific region by capturing an image of an observation light beam coming from the specific region irradiated with the illumination light beam; an image-analyzing portion that is configured to divide the image of the specific region acquired by the image-acquisition portion into pixels containing the cells and background pixels, and that calculates a representative pixel value that represents the background pixels; and a control portion that is configured to repeatedly acquire images of the specific region at a prescribed timing by means of the image-acquisition portion, that calculate the representative pixel values of the individual acquired images of the specific region by means of the image-analyzing portion, and that determine the state of the culture medium on the basis of changes over time in the calculated representative pixel values. 12. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a retroreflective member that has an array in which a plurality of micro-reflective elements are arrayed, that is disposed so as to sandwich the vessel between the illuminating portion and the retroreflective member, and that is configured to reflect the illumination light beam that has passed through the specific region in the vessel, wherein the image-acquisition portion acquires an image of the specific region irradiated again with the illumination light beam that has been reflected by the retroreflective member. 13. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
an oblique illumination optical system that is configured to obliquely illuminate the specific region from a direction that is inclined with respect to an optical axis of the image-acquisition portion. 14. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the illuminating portion and the image-acquisition portion form a phase contrast optical system that generates a phase contrast image of the specific region. 15. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a housing that has a transparent portion that is configured to allow a light beam to pass therethrough, and that accommodates the illuminating portion and the image-acquisition portion, wherein, in a state in which the housing is inserted into the culture medium in the vessel, the illumination light beam is radiated onto the specific region by means of the illuminating portion via the transparent portion, and an image of the specific region is acquired by means of the image-acquisition portion through the transparent portion. 16. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a reflective member that is configured to obliquely illuminate the specific region by reflecting, toward the image-acquisition portion, the illumination light beam that has been made to exit to outside the housing from the illuminating portion via the transparent portion. 17. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:
a tubular protective tube that covers a periphery of the housing, wherein the reflective member is provided at a distal end of the protective tube. 18. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a notifying portion that is configured to issue a notification about information to the user, wherein the control portion issues, by means of the notifying portion, a notification about a timing for replacing the culture medium to the user. 19. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a culture-medium-supplying portion that is configured to supply the culture medium to the vessel; and a culture-medium-discharging portion that discharges the culture medium from the vessel, wherein, in the case in which the control portion determines that the timing for replacing the culture medium has arrived, the control portion causes the culture-medium-discharging portion to discharge a portion of the culture medium from the vessel, and the control portion causes the culture-medium-supplying portion to supply the new culture medium to the vessel. 20. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a monochromatic light source that is configured to emit the illumination light beam at a single wavelength. 21. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the illuminating portion comprises:
a light source that is configured to emit, as the illumination light beam, a plurality of monochromatic light beams at different wavelengths, wherein the control portion determines the state of the culture medium on the basis of changes over time in the representative pixel values of the background pixels of the individual images of the specific region acquired by the image-acquisition portion for the respective wavelengths of the monochromatic light beams radiated onto the specific region. 22. The culture-medium-monitoring apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the illuminating portion comprises a white light source, the image-acquisition portion comprises a color CCD, and the control portion determines the state of the culture medium on the basis of the relationship between hue and pH of the culture medium determined from the background pixels of an image of the specific region acquired by the color CCD. | 2,800 |
343,282 | 16,802,643 | 2,818 | According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer. The active material-containing layer contains an active material and a flat plate-shaped silicate. | 1. An electrode comprising
an active material-containing layer comprising an active material and a flat plate-shaped silicate. 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
an aspect ratio of a length in a shorter direction of the flat plate-shaped silicate to a thickness of the flat plate-shaped silicate is within a range from 5 to 25. 3. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein
the thickness of the flat plate-shaped silicate is within a range from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. 4. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein
the length in a shorter direction of the flat plate-shaped silicate is within a range from 10 nm to 300 nm. 5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
a ratio of a mass of the flat plate-shaped silicate to a mass of the active material is within a range from 0.01 to 0.1 in the active material-containing layer. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the active material comprises a monoclinic niobium titanium composite oxide. 7. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the flat plate-shaped silicate is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of hectorite, saponite, and montmorillonite. 8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the active material-containing layer further comprises a dispersing agent, and the dispersing agent is a water-soluble material having anionicity or cationicity. 9. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is the electrode according to claim 1. 10. A battery pack comprising
the secondary battery according to claim 9. 11. The battery pack according to claim 10, further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and a protective circuit. 12. The battery pack according to claim 10, comprising
a plurality of the secondary battery, wherein the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series connection and parallel connection. 13. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 10. 14. The vehicle according to claim 13, further comprising a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. | According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer. The active material-containing layer contains an active material and a flat plate-shaped silicate.1. An electrode comprising
an active material-containing layer comprising an active material and a flat plate-shaped silicate. 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
an aspect ratio of a length in a shorter direction of the flat plate-shaped silicate to a thickness of the flat plate-shaped silicate is within a range from 5 to 25. 3. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein
the thickness of the flat plate-shaped silicate is within a range from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. 4. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein
the length in a shorter direction of the flat plate-shaped silicate is within a range from 10 nm to 300 nm. 5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
a ratio of a mass of the flat plate-shaped silicate to a mass of the active material is within a range from 0.01 to 0.1 in the active material-containing layer. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the active material comprises a monoclinic niobium titanium composite oxide. 7. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the flat plate-shaped silicate is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of hectorite, saponite, and montmorillonite. 8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the active material-containing layer further comprises a dispersing agent, and the dispersing agent is a water-soluble material having anionicity or cationicity. 9. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is the electrode according to claim 1. 10. A battery pack comprising
the secondary battery according to claim 9. 11. The battery pack according to claim 10, further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and a protective circuit. 12. The battery pack according to claim 10, comprising
a plurality of the secondary battery, wherein the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series connection and parallel connection. 13. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 10. 14. The vehicle according to claim 13, further comprising a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. | 2,800 |
343,283 | 16,802,709 | 2,818 | A method and system for a cloud backup service leveraging peer-to-peer data recovery. Specifically, the disclosed method and system entail the implementation of a backup-as-a-service (BaaS) that, at least in part, extends the recovery of data through peer-to-peer communications. In an enterprise organization, users often share data files and, accordingly, maintain local copies of these data files on their respective computing devices. Recovery of data, through peer-to-peer communications, may involve the retrieval of these maintained local copies. | 1. A method for data file recovery, comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a recovery request comprising a first file fingerprint for a first data file; identifying a first storage tier and a first file size using the first file fingerprint; making a first determination, based on the first storage tier and the first file size, that the first data file fails to satisfy file transfer criteria; obtaining, based on the first determination, a user list comprising a first peer user identifier (ID), wherein the user list is associated with the first data file; identifying first peer client device metadata using the first peer user ID; and transmitting, in response to the recovery request, the first peer client device metadata to the client device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data file failing to satisfy the file transfer criteria, comprises:
the first storage tier meeting a storage tier threshold; and the first file size not exceeding a file size threshold. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the client device, a recovery notice comprising the first file fingerprint; obtaining, based on receiving the recovery notice, a file recipe for the first data file using the first file fingerprint; reconstructing the first data file based on the file recipe; and transmitting, in response to the recovery notice, the first data file to the client device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user list further comprises a second peer user ID, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying second peer client device metadata using the second peer user ID; and transmitting, further in response to the recovery request, the second peer client device metadata to the client device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the recovery request further comprises a second file fingerprint for a second data file, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying a second storage tier and a second file size using the second file fingerprint; making a second determination, based on the second storage tier and the second file size that the second data file satisfies the file transfer criteria; obtaining, based on the second determination, a file recipe for the second data file using the second file fingerprint; reconstructing the second data file based on the file recipe; and transmitting, further in response to the recovery request, the second data file to the client device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second data file satisfying the file transfer criteria, comprises one selected from a group consisting of:
the second storage tier not meeting a storage tier threshold; and the second file size exceeding a file size threshold. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the file recipe comprises an ordered sequence of chunk fingerprints. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the recovery request further comprises a user ID for a client device user of the client device, wherein the first storage tier is further identified using the user ID. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first peer client device metadata comprises a network address associated with a peer client device. 10. A method for data file recovery, comprising:
detecting a trigger event for a recovery operation targeting a first data file; identifying a first file fingerprint for the first data file; issuing, to a backup storage service, a recovery request comprising the first file fingerprint; and receiving, in response to the recovery request, first peer client device metadata from the backup storage service. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
issuing, using the first peer client device metadata, a file request to a first peer client device, wherein the file request comprises the first file fingerprint; receiving, in response to the file request, the first data file from the first peer client device; and storing the first data file to compete a recovery of the first data file. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein second peer client device metadata is received from the backup storage service in response to the recovery request, wherein the method further comprises:
issuing, using the first peer client device metadata, a first file request to a first peer client device, wherein the first file request comprises the first file fingerprint; receiving, in response to the first file request, one selected from a group consisting of no response and a request denial, from the first peer client device; and issuing, based on receiving one selected from the group in response to the first file request, a second file request to a second peer client device using the second peer client device metadata, wherein the second request comprises the first file fingerprint. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, in response to the second file request, one selected from the group consisting of the no response and the request denial, from the second peer client device; issuing, based on receiving one selected from the group in response to the second file request, a recovery notice to the backup storage service, wherein the recovery notice comprises the first file fingerprint; receiving, in response to the recovery notice, the first data file from the backup storage service; and storing the first data file to complete a recovery of the first data file. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, in response to the second file request, the first data file from the second peer client device; and storing the first data file to complete a recovery of the first data file. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the recovery operation further targets a second data file, wherein the recovery request further comprises a second file fingerprint for the second data file, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, further in response to the recovery request, the second data file from the backup storage service; and storing the second data file to complete a recovery of the second data file. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the first peer client device metadata comprises a network address associated with a peer client device. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the recovery request further comprises a user identifier (ID) for a client device user, wherein the first data file belongs to the client device user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the trigger event is initiated by the client device user. 19. A system, comprising:
a plurality of client devices; and a backup storage service operatively connected to the plurality of client devices, and comprising a computer processor programmed to:
receive, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a recovery request comprising a file fingerprint for a data file;
identify a storage tier and a file size using the file fingerprint;
make a determination, based on the storage tier and the file size, that the data file fails to satisfy file transfer criteria;
obtain, based on the determination, a user list comprising a peer user identifier (ID), wherein the user list is associated with the data file;
identify, using the peer user ID, peer client device metadata for a second client device of the plurality of client devices; and
transmit, in response to the recovery request, the peer client device metadata to the first client device. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the backup storage service resides in a cloud computing environment. | A method and system for a cloud backup service leveraging peer-to-peer data recovery. Specifically, the disclosed method and system entail the implementation of a backup-as-a-service (BaaS) that, at least in part, extends the recovery of data through peer-to-peer communications. In an enterprise organization, users often share data files and, accordingly, maintain local copies of these data files on their respective computing devices. Recovery of data, through peer-to-peer communications, may involve the retrieval of these maintained local copies.1. A method for data file recovery, comprising:
receiving, from a client device, a recovery request comprising a first file fingerprint for a first data file; identifying a first storage tier and a first file size using the first file fingerprint; making a first determination, based on the first storage tier and the first file size, that the first data file fails to satisfy file transfer criteria; obtaining, based on the first determination, a user list comprising a first peer user identifier (ID), wherein the user list is associated with the first data file; identifying first peer client device metadata using the first peer user ID; and transmitting, in response to the recovery request, the first peer client device metadata to the client device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data file failing to satisfy the file transfer criteria, comprises:
the first storage tier meeting a storage tier threshold; and the first file size not exceeding a file size threshold. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the client device, a recovery notice comprising the first file fingerprint; obtaining, based on receiving the recovery notice, a file recipe for the first data file using the first file fingerprint; reconstructing the first data file based on the file recipe; and transmitting, in response to the recovery notice, the first data file to the client device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user list further comprises a second peer user ID, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying second peer client device metadata using the second peer user ID; and transmitting, further in response to the recovery request, the second peer client device metadata to the client device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the recovery request further comprises a second file fingerprint for a second data file, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying a second storage tier and a second file size using the second file fingerprint; making a second determination, based on the second storage tier and the second file size that the second data file satisfies the file transfer criteria; obtaining, based on the second determination, a file recipe for the second data file using the second file fingerprint; reconstructing the second data file based on the file recipe; and transmitting, further in response to the recovery request, the second data file to the client device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second data file satisfying the file transfer criteria, comprises one selected from a group consisting of:
the second storage tier not meeting a storage tier threshold; and the second file size exceeding a file size threshold. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the file recipe comprises an ordered sequence of chunk fingerprints. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the recovery request further comprises a user ID for a client device user of the client device, wherein the first storage tier is further identified using the user ID. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first peer client device metadata comprises a network address associated with a peer client device. 10. A method for data file recovery, comprising:
detecting a trigger event for a recovery operation targeting a first data file; identifying a first file fingerprint for the first data file; issuing, to a backup storage service, a recovery request comprising the first file fingerprint; and receiving, in response to the recovery request, first peer client device metadata from the backup storage service. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
issuing, using the first peer client device metadata, a file request to a first peer client device, wherein the file request comprises the first file fingerprint; receiving, in response to the file request, the first data file from the first peer client device; and storing the first data file to compete a recovery of the first data file. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein second peer client device metadata is received from the backup storage service in response to the recovery request, wherein the method further comprises:
issuing, using the first peer client device metadata, a first file request to a first peer client device, wherein the first file request comprises the first file fingerprint; receiving, in response to the first file request, one selected from a group consisting of no response and a request denial, from the first peer client device; and issuing, based on receiving one selected from the group in response to the first file request, a second file request to a second peer client device using the second peer client device metadata, wherein the second request comprises the first file fingerprint. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, in response to the second file request, one selected from the group consisting of the no response and the request denial, from the second peer client device; issuing, based on receiving one selected from the group in response to the second file request, a recovery notice to the backup storage service, wherein the recovery notice comprises the first file fingerprint; receiving, in response to the recovery notice, the first data file from the backup storage service; and storing the first data file to complete a recovery of the first data file. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, in response to the second file request, the first data file from the second peer client device; and storing the first data file to complete a recovery of the first data file. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the recovery operation further targets a second data file, wherein the recovery request further comprises a second file fingerprint for the second data file, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, further in response to the recovery request, the second data file from the backup storage service; and storing the second data file to complete a recovery of the second data file. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the first peer client device metadata comprises a network address associated with a peer client device. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the recovery request further comprises a user identifier (ID) for a client device user, wherein the first data file belongs to the client device user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the trigger event is initiated by the client device user. 19. A system, comprising:
a plurality of client devices; and a backup storage service operatively connected to the plurality of client devices, and comprising a computer processor programmed to:
receive, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a recovery request comprising a file fingerprint for a data file;
identify a storage tier and a file size using the file fingerprint;
make a determination, based on the storage tier and the file size, that the data file fails to satisfy file transfer criteria;
obtain, based on the determination, a user list comprising a peer user identifier (ID), wherein the user list is associated with the data file;
identify, using the peer user ID, peer client device metadata for a second client device of the plurality of client devices; and
transmit, in response to the recovery request, the peer client device metadata to the first client device. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the backup storage service resides in a cloud computing environment. | 2,800 |
343,284 | 16,802,685 | 2,818 | Provided is an UFB generating apparatus and an UFB generating method capable of efficiently generating an UFB-containing liquid with high purity. To this end, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a pre-processing unit that performs predetermined pre-processing on a liquid W and a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed. The generating unit generates the ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating method, comprising:
a pre-processing step of performing a predetermined pre-processing on a liquid; and a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes first processing for removing an impurity from the liquid. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes second processing for degassing the liquid. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes third processing for dissolving a predetermined gas into the liquid. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes first processing for removing an impurity from the liquid, second processing for degassing the liquid after the first processing is performed thereon, and third processing for dissolving a predetermined gas into the liquid after the second processing is performed thereon. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined gas is selected from hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 4, wherein
in the third processing, a pressurizing and dissolving method is used to dissolve the predetermined gas into the liquid to achieve a saturated solubility. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined gas contains an ozone gas, and the pre-processing step further includes a step of generating the ozone gas by using at least one of a discharge method, an electrolysis method, and an ultraviolet ray lamp method. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 8, wherein
in the third processing, the ozone gas is dissolved into the liquid by using at least one of a pressurizing and dissolving method, an air bubble dissolving method, a film dissolving method, and a packed-bed dissolving method. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 3, wherein
in the second processing, a gas part included in a container storing the liquid is depressurized to gasify a solute contained in the liquid and discharge the solute from the container. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing a negative ion by using an anion exchange resin. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step and the generating step are performed repeatedly on the liquid. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a collecting step of collecting an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a removing step of removing an impurity from an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step, after the generating step; and performing the pre-processing step again after performing the removing step. 18. An ultrafine bubble generation apparatus comprising:
a pre-processing unit that performs a predetermined pre-processing on a liquid; and a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. 19. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a removal unit that removes an impurity from the liquid. 20. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a degassing unit that degasses the liquid. 21. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a dissolving unit that dissolves a predetermined gas into the liquid. 22. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a removal unit that removes an impurity from the liquid, a degassing unit that degasses the liquid after the processing is performed thereon by the removal unit, and a dissolving unit that dissolves a predetermined gas into the liquid after the processing is performed thereon by the degassing unit. 23. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the generating unit includes a chamber storing the liquid on which the predetermined pre-processing is performed by the pre-processing unit, the heating element provided in the chamber, a driving unit that drives the heating element, and a dissolving unit that dissolves a predetermined gas into the liquid stored in the chamber. 24. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the predetermined gas is selected from hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these. 25. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
the dissolving unit uses a pressurizing and dissolving method to dissolve the predetermined gas into the liquid to achieve a saturated solubility. 26. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
the predetermined gas contains an ozone gas, and the pre-processing unit generates the ozone gas by using at least one of a discharge method, an electrolysis method, and an ultraviolet ray lamp method. 27. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 26, wherein
the dissolving unit dissolves the ozone gas into the liquid by using at least one of a pressurizing and dissolving method, an air bubble dissolving method, a film dissolving method, and a packed-bed dissolving method. 28. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the degassing unit depressurizes a gas part included in a container storing the liquid to gasify a solute contained in the liquid and discharge the solute from the container. 29. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 30. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes a negative ion by using an anion exchange resin. 31. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 32. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 33. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a unit that supplies an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit to the pre-processing unit again. 34. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a post-processing unit that removes an impurity from an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit; and a circulation route through which the liquid processed by the post-processing unit is supplied to the pre-processing unit. 35. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a unit that collects an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit. 36. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid that contains ultrafine bubbles generated by an ultrafine bubble generating method including:
a pre-processing step of performing a predetermined pre-processing on a liquid; and a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. | Provided is an UFB generating apparatus and an UFB generating method capable of efficiently generating an UFB-containing liquid with high purity. To this end, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a pre-processing unit that performs predetermined pre-processing on a liquid W and a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed. The generating unit generates the ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element.1. An ultrafine bubble generating method, comprising:
a pre-processing step of performing a predetermined pre-processing on a liquid; and a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes first processing for removing an impurity from the liquid. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes second processing for degassing the liquid. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes third processing for dissolving a predetermined gas into the liquid. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step includes first processing for removing an impurity from the liquid, second processing for degassing the liquid after the first processing is performed thereon, and third processing for dissolving a predetermined gas into the liquid after the second processing is performed thereon. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined gas is selected from hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 4, wherein
in the third processing, a pressurizing and dissolving method is used to dissolve the predetermined gas into the liquid to achieve a saturated solubility. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined gas contains an ozone gas, and the pre-processing step further includes a step of generating the ozone gas by using at least one of a discharge method, an electrolysis method, and an ultraviolet ray lamp method. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 8, wherein
in the third processing, the ozone gas is dissolved into the liquid by using at least one of a pressurizing and dissolving method, an air bubble dissolving method, a film dissolving method, and a packed-bed dissolving method. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 3, wherein
in the second processing, a gas part included in a container storing the liquid is depressurized to gasify a solute contained in the liquid and discharge the solute from the container. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing a negative ion by using an anion exchange resin. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the first processing includes processing for removing an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the pre-processing step and the generating step are performed repeatedly on the liquid. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a collecting step of collecting an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a removing step of removing an impurity from an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step, after the generating step; and performing the pre-processing step again after performing the removing step. 18. An ultrafine bubble generation apparatus comprising:
a pre-processing unit that performs a predetermined pre-processing on a liquid; and a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. 19. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a removal unit that removes an impurity from the liquid. 20. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a degassing unit that degasses the liquid. 21. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a dissolving unit that dissolves a predetermined gas into the liquid. 22. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the pre-processing unit includes a removal unit that removes an impurity from the liquid, a degassing unit that degasses the liquid after the processing is performed thereon by the removal unit, and a dissolving unit that dissolves a predetermined gas into the liquid after the processing is performed thereon by the degassing unit. 23. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the generating unit includes a chamber storing the liquid on which the predetermined pre-processing is performed by the pre-processing unit, the heating element provided in the chamber, a driving unit that drives the heating element, and a dissolving unit that dissolves a predetermined gas into the liquid stored in the chamber. 24. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the predetermined gas is selected from hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these. 25. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
the dissolving unit uses a pressurizing and dissolving method to dissolve the predetermined gas into the liquid to achieve a saturated solubility. 26. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
the predetermined gas contains an ozone gas, and the pre-processing unit generates the ozone gas by using at least one of a discharge method, an electrolysis method, and an ultraviolet ray lamp method. 27. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 26, wherein
the dissolving unit dissolves the ozone gas into the liquid by using at least one of a pressurizing and dissolving method, an air bubble dissolving method, a film dissolving method, and a packed-bed dissolving method. 28. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the degassing unit depressurizes a gas part included in a container storing the liquid to gasify a solute contained in the liquid and discharge the solute from the container. 29. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 30. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes a negative ion by using an anion exchange resin. 31. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 32. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the removal unit removes an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 33. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a unit that supplies an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit to the pre-processing unit again. 34. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a post-processing unit that removes an impurity from an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit; and a circulation route through which the liquid processed by the post-processing unit is supplied to the pre-processing unit. 35. The ultrafine bubble generation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a unit that collects an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit. 36. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid that contains ultrafine bubbles generated by an ultrafine bubble generating method including:
a pre-processing step of performing a predetermined pre-processing on a liquid; and a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. | 2,800 |
343,285 | 16,802,682 | 2,818 | A computer system processes data requests using a data delivery queue. A query received from a client is processed to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client. The response data in the queue is iteratively divided into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block. The plurality of blocks are transmitted to the client. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and program product for processing data requests using a data delivery queue in substantially the same manner described above. | 1. A computer-implemented method for processing data requests using a data delivery queue, the computer-implemented method comprising:
processing a query received from a client to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client; iteratively dividing the response data in the queue into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block; and transmitting the plurality of blocks to the client. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the block size for each of the plurality of blocks is iteratively increased until the amount of time to compress and transmit a block equals a threshold duration. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the threshold duration is based on a timeout duration of a connection to the client. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a block of the plurality of blocks is transmitted to the client by delivering bytes of the block according to a delayed expansion comprising a plurality of delivery transmissions, wherein a given delivery transmission includes more bytes than a preceding delivery transmission, and wherein a time delay between each delivery transmission increases. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the delayed expansion repeats over a timeout window of a connection to the client. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the block size of the given block is identified according to one or more from a group of: a number of rows of response data in the given block, a number of columns multiplied by the number of rows of response data in the given block, and a data size subsequent to compressing the given block. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a progress representation of delivery of the response data to the client is based on delivery progress of a current block and a number of remaining blocks of the plurality of blocks. 8. A computer system for processing data requests using a data delivery queue, the computer system comprising:
one or more computer processors; one or more computer readable storage media; program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more computer processors, the program instructions comprising instructions to: process a query received from a client to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client; iteratively divide the response data in the queue into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block; and transmit the plurality of blocks to the client. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the block size for each of the plurality of blocks is iteratively increased until the amount of time to compress and transmit a block equals a threshold duration. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the threshold duration is based on a timeout duration of a connection to the client. 11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein a block of the plurality of blocks is transmitted to the client by delivering bytes of the block according to a delayed expansion comprising a plurality of delivery transmissions, wherein a given delivery transmission includes more bytes than a preceding delivery transmission, and wherein a time delay between each delivery transmission increases. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein the delayed expansion repeats over a timeout window of a connection to the client. 13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the block size of the given block is identified according to one or more from a group of: a number of rows of response data in the given block, a number of columns multiplied by the number of rows of response data in the given block, and a data size subsequent to compressing the given block. 14. The computer system of claim 8, wherein a progress representation of delivery of the response data to the client is based on delivery progress of a current block and a number of remaining blocks of the plurality of blocks. 15. A computer program product for processing data requests using a data delivery queue, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media collectively having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to:
process a query received from a client to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client; iteratively divide the response data in the queue into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block; and transmit the plurality of blocks to the client. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the block size for each of the plurality of blocks is iteratively increased until the amount of time to compress and transmit a block equals a threshold duration. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the threshold duration is based on a timeout duration of a connection to the client. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein a block of the plurality of blocks is transmitted to the client by delivering bytes of the block according to a delayed expansion comprising a plurality of delivery transmissions, wherein a given delivery transmission includes more bytes than a preceding delivery transmission, and wherein a time delay between each delivery transmission increases. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the delayed expansion repeats over a timeout window of a connection to the client. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the block size of the given block is identified according to one or more from a group of: a number of rows of response data in the given block, a number of columns multiplied by the number of rows of response data in the given block, and a data size subsequent to compressing the given block. | A computer system processes data requests using a data delivery queue. A query received from a client is processed to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client. The response data in the queue is iteratively divided into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block. The plurality of blocks are transmitted to the client. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and program product for processing data requests using a data delivery queue in substantially the same manner described above.1. A computer-implemented method for processing data requests using a data delivery queue, the computer-implemented method comprising:
processing a query received from a client to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client; iteratively dividing the response data in the queue into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block; and transmitting the plurality of blocks to the client. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the block size for each of the plurality of blocks is iteratively increased until the amount of time to compress and transmit a block equals a threshold duration. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the threshold duration is based on a timeout duration of a connection to the client. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a block of the plurality of blocks is transmitted to the client by delivering bytes of the block according to a delayed expansion comprising a plurality of delivery transmissions, wherein a given delivery transmission includes more bytes than a preceding delivery transmission, and wherein a time delay between each delivery transmission increases. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the delayed expansion repeats over a timeout window of a connection to the client. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the block size of the given block is identified according to one or more from a group of: a number of rows of response data in the given block, a number of columns multiplied by the number of rows of response data in the given block, and a data size subsequent to compressing the given block. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a progress representation of delivery of the response data to the client is based on delivery progress of a current block and a number of remaining blocks of the plurality of blocks. 8. A computer system for processing data requests using a data delivery queue, the computer system comprising:
one or more computer processors; one or more computer readable storage media; program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more computer processors, the program instructions comprising instructions to: process a query received from a client to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client; iteratively divide the response data in the queue into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block; and transmit the plurality of blocks to the client. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the block size for each of the plurality of blocks is iteratively increased until the amount of time to compress and transmit a block equals a threshold duration. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the threshold duration is based on a timeout duration of a connection to the client. 11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein a block of the plurality of blocks is transmitted to the client by delivering bytes of the block according to a delayed expansion comprising a plurality of delivery transmissions, wherein a given delivery transmission includes more bytes than a preceding delivery transmission, and wherein a time delay between each delivery transmission increases. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein the delayed expansion repeats over a timeout window of a connection to the client. 13. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the block size of the given block is identified according to one or more from a group of: a number of rows of response data in the given block, a number of columns multiplied by the number of rows of response data in the given block, and a data size subsequent to compressing the given block. 14. The computer system of claim 8, wherein a progress representation of delivery of the response data to the client is based on delivery progress of a current block and a number of remaining blocks of the plurality of blocks. 15. A computer program product for processing data requests using a data delivery queue, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media collectively having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to:
process a query received from a client to generate response data, wherein the response data is held in a queue prior to transmitting to the client; iteratively divide the response data in the queue into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block of the plurality of blocks is compressed prior to transmitting to the client, and wherein a block size of a given block is determined based on an amount of time to compress and transmit a preceding block; and transmit the plurality of blocks to the client. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the block size for each of the plurality of blocks is iteratively increased until the amount of time to compress and transmit a block equals a threshold duration. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the threshold duration is based on a timeout duration of a connection to the client. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein a block of the plurality of blocks is transmitted to the client by delivering bytes of the block according to a delayed expansion comprising a plurality of delivery transmissions, wherein a given delivery transmission includes more bytes than a preceding delivery transmission, and wherein a time delay between each delivery transmission increases. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the delayed expansion repeats over a timeout window of a connection to the client. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the block size of the given block is identified according to one or more from a group of: a number of rows of response data in the given block, a number of columns multiplied by the number of rows of response data in the given block, and a data size subsequent to compressing the given block. | 2,800 |
343,286 | 16,802,670 | 2,818 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part, first and second electrodes. The semiconductor part is provided between the first and second electrodes. A method of manufacturing the device includes forming the first electrode covering a back surface of a wafer after the second electrode is formed on a front surface of the wafer; forming a first groove by selectively removing the first electrode; and dividing the wafer by forming a second groove at the front surface side. The wafer includes a region to be the semiconductor part; and the first and second grooves are provided along a periphery of the region. The first groove is in communication with the first groove. The second groove has a width in a direction along the front surface of the wafer, the width of the first groove being narrower than a width of the first groove in the same direction. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device comprising a semiconductor part, a first electrode provided on the semiconductor part, and a second electrode, the semiconductor part being provided between the first and second electrodes, the method comprising:
forming the first electrode covering a back surface of a wafer, the wafer including a region to be the semiconductor part, the first electrode being formed after the second electrode is formed on a front surface of the wafer; forming a first groove by selectively removing the first electrode, the first groove being provided along a periphery of the region to be the semiconductor part, the first groove including a portion provided in the wafer; and dividing the wafer by forming a second groove at the front surface side, the second groove being provided along the periphery of the region to be the semiconductor part, the second groove being in communication with the first groove, the second groove having a width in a direction along the front surface of the wafer, the width of the second groove being narrower than a width of the first groove in the direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first groove is formed to extend in a first direction along the back surface of the wafer and in a second direction crossing the first direction; and the second groove is formed to extend in the first direction and in the second direction along the front surface of the wafer. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first groove is formed by selectively removing the first electrode and the wafer using laser irradiation at the back surface side of the wafer. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first groove is formed by selectively etching the wafer at the back surface side. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second grove is formed by cutting the wafer using a dicing blade, the dicing blade having a thickness thinner than the width of the first groove. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second groove is formed by selectively removing the semiconductor part using dry etching. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second electrode is selectively provided on a region to be the semiconductor part; and the second groove is formed to surround the second electrode. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The first electrode is formed after the wafer is thinned with a predetermined thickness. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor part; a first electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor part; and a second electrode provided on a front surface of the semiconductor part, the semiconductor part including a first side surface and a second side surface, the first side surface linking the front surface, the second side surface linking the back surface and the first side surface, the second side surface including a portion inclined to the first side surface and the back-surface. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein
the semiconductor part includes a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type; and the second semiconductor layer is provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second electrode, the second semiconductor layer being electrically connected to the second electrode. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the back surface has an area smaller than an area of the front surface. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein
The back surface has a periphery positioned inside a periphery of the front surface when viewing the back surface in a direction from the back surface to the front surface. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part, first and second electrodes. The semiconductor part is provided between the first and second electrodes. A method of manufacturing the device includes forming the first electrode covering a back surface of a wafer after the second electrode is formed on a front surface of the wafer; forming a first groove by selectively removing the first electrode; and dividing the wafer by forming a second groove at the front surface side. The wafer includes a region to be the semiconductor part; and the first and second grooves are provided along a periphery of the region. The first groove is in communication with the first groove. The second groove has a width in a direction along the front surface of the wafer, the width of the first groove being narrower than a width of the first groove in the same direction.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device comprising a semiconductor part, a first electrode provided on the semiconductor part, and a second electrode, the semiconductor part being provided between the first and second electrodes, the method comprising:
forming the first electrode covering a back surface of a wafer, the wafer including a region to be the semiconductor part, the first electrode being formed after the second electrode is formed on a front surface of the wafer; forming a first groove by selectively removing the first electrode, the first groove being provided along a periphery of the region to be the semiconductor part, the first groove including a portion provided in the wafer; and dividing the wafer by forming a second groove at the front surface side, the second groove being provided along the periphery of the region to be the semiconductor part, the second groove being in communication with the first groove, the second groove having a width in a direction along the front surface of the wafer, the width of the second groove being narrower than a width of the first groove in the direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first groove is formed to extend in a first direction along the back surface of the wafer and in a second direction crossing the first direction; and the second groove is formed to extend in the first direction and in the second direction along the front surface of the wafer. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first groove is formed by selectively removing the first electrode and the wafer using laser irradiation at the back surface side of the wafer. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the first groove is formed by selectively etching the wafer at the back surface side. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second grove is formed by cutting the wafer using a dicing blade, the dicing blade having a thickness thinner than the width of the first groove. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second groove is formed by selectively removing the semiconductor part using dry etching. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second electrode is selectively provided on a region to be the semiconductor part; and the second groove is formed to surround the second electrode. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The first electrode is formed after the wafer is thinned with a predetermined thickness. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor part; a first electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor part; and a second electrode provided on a front surface of the semiconductor part, the semiconductor part including a first side surface and a second side surface, the first side surface linking the front surface, the second side surface linking the back surface and the first side surface, the second side surface including a portion inclined to the first side surface and the back-surface. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein
the semiconductor part includes a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type; and the second semiconductor layer is provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second electrode, the second semiconductor layer being electrically connected to the second electrode. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the back surface has an area smaller than an area of the front surface. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein
The back surface has a periphery positioned inside a periphery of the front surface when viewing the back surface in a direction from the back surface to the front surface. | 2,800 |
343,287 | 16,802,716 | 3,762 | An electrically heated vessel having a heating element that is replaceable without draining the vessel includes a tank, which has an orifice positioned therein, and a housing. The housing is tubular and has a first terminus, which is closed, and a second terminus, which is open. The second terminus is coupled to the tank with the housing extending from the orifice into the tank. The housing has a plurality of first apertures positioned therein. A tube, which has a plurality of second apertures positioned therein, is positioned in and rotationally engaged to the housing. The tube has a first end, which is closed, and a second end, which is open and selectively couplable to an electric heating element that is inserted thereinto. Each second aperture is selectively alignable with an associated first aperture so that the electric heating element can heat a fluid positioned in the tank. | 1. An electrically heated vessel comprising:
a tank defining an interior space, the tank having an orifice positioned therein; a housing, the housing being tubular and having a first terminus and a second terminus, the first terminus being closed, the second terminus being open and coupled to the tank such that the housing extends from the orifice into the interior space, the housing having a plurality of first apertures positioned therein; and a tube positioned in and rotationally engaged to the housing, the tube having a first end and a second end, the first end being closed, the second end being open, the tube being configured to be selectively couplable to an electric heating element inserted thereinto, the tube having a plurality of second apertures positioned therein, each second aperture being selectively alignable with an associated first aperture upon rotation of the tube relative to the housing, wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating a fluid positioned in the interior space. 2. The electrically heated vessel of claim 1, wherein the tank comprises a water heater. 3. The electrically heated vessel of claim 1, wherein each first aperture extends from proximate to the first terminus to proximate to the second terminus. 4. The electrically heated vessel of claim 3, wherein:
the plurality of second apertures comprises four second apertures evenly spaced around a circumference of the tube; and the tube is configured for rotating 90 degrees relative to the housing from a closed configuration, wherein the second aperture is not aligned with the associated first aperture, and in which the electric heating element is removable, to an open configuration, wherein the second aperture is aligned with the associated first aperture, and wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating the fluid positioned in the interior space. 5. The electrically heated vessel of claim 4, further including a coating positioned on an exterior face of the tube, the coating being resiliently compressible such that the coating is positioned for sealably engaging an interior surface of the housing when the tube is in the closed configuration, wherein the coating is configured for preventing the fluid is the interior space from entering the tube. 6. The electrically heated vessel of claim 5, wherein the coating comprises at least one of elastomer, rubber, and silicone. 7. The electrically heated vessel of claim 1, further including a plate coupled to the second end of the tube and positioned externally to the tank, the plate having an opening positioned therein, the opening being internally threaded such that the opening is configured for threadedly inserting a threaded section of the electric heating element for coupling the electric heating element to the plate. 8. The electrically heated vessel of claim 7, wherein the plate is polygonally shaped, wherein the plate is configured for engaging a first wrench, positioning a user for applying torque to the plate for rotating the tube relative to the housing. 9. The electrically heated vessel of claim 8, wherein the plate is at least one of squarely shaped, hexagonally shaped, and octagonally shaped. 10. The electrically heated vessel of claim 8, wherein the electric heating element has a nut coupled thereto, wherein the nut is configured for engaging a second wrench positioning the user for applying torque to the nut, for rotating the electric heating element relative to the plate while maintaining the plate stationary relative to the housing using the first wrench. 11. An electrically heated vessel comprising:
a tank defining an interior space, the tank having an orifice positioned therein, the tank comprising a water heater; a housing, the housing being tubular and having a first terminus and a second terminus, the first terminus being closed, the second terminus being open and coupled to the tank such that the housing extends from the orifice into the interior space, the housing having a plurality of first apertures positioned therein, each first aperture extending from proximate to the first terminus to proximate to the second terminus; a tube positioned in and rotationally engaged to the housing, the tube having a first end and a second end, the first end being closed, the second end being open, the tube being configured to be selectively couplable to an electric heating element inserted thereinto, the tube having a plurality of second apertures positioned therein, each second aperture being selectively alignable with an associated first aperture upon rotation of the tube relative to the housing, wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating a fluid positioned in the interior space, the plurality of second apertures comprising four second apertures evenly spaced around a circumference of the tube, the tube being configured for rotating 90 degrees relative to the housing from a closed configuration, wherein the second aperture is not aligned with the associated first aperture, and in which the electric heating element is removable, to an open configuration, wherein the second aperture is aligned with the associated first aperture, and wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating the fluid positioned in the interior space; a coating positioned on an exterior face of the tube, the coating being resiliently compressible such that the coating is positioned for sealably engaging an interior surface of the housing when the tube is in the closed configuration, wherein the coating is configured for preventing the fluid is the interior space from entering the tube, the coating comprising at least one of elastomer, rubber, and silicone; and a plate coupled to the second end of the tube and positioned externally to the tank, the plate having an opening positioned therein, the opening being internally threaded such that the opening is configured for threadedly inserting a threaded section of the electric heating element for coupling the electric heating element to the plate, the plate being polygonally shaped, wherein the plate is configured for engaging a first wrench positioning a user for applying torque to the plate for rotating the tube relative to the housing, the plate being at least one of squarely shaped, hexagonally shaped, and octagonally shaped, the electric heating element having a nut coupled thereto, wherein the nut is configured for engaging a second wrench positioning the user for applying torque to the nut, for rotating the electric heating element relative to the plate while maintaining the plate stationary relative to the housing using the first wrench. | An electrically heated vessel having a heating element that is replaceable without draining the vessel includes a tank, which has an orifice positioned therein, and a housing. The housing is tubular and has a first terminus, which is closed, and a second terminus, which is open. The second terminus is coupled to the tank with the housing extending from the orifice into the tank. The housing has a plurality of first apertures positioned therein. A tube, which has a plurality of second apertures positioned therein, is positioned in and rotationally engaged to the housing. The tube has a first end, which is closed, and a second end, which is open and selectively couplable to an electric heating element that is inserted thereinto. Each second aperture is selectively alignable with an associated first aperture so that the electric heating element can heat a fluid positioned in the tank.1. An electrically heated vessel comprising:
a tank defining an interior space, the tank having an orifice positioned therein; a housing, the housing being tubular and having a first terminus and a second terminus, the first terminus being closed, the second terminus being open and coupled to the tank such that the housing extends from the orifice into the interior space, the housing having a plurality of first apertures positioned therein; and a tube positioned in and rotationally engaged to the housing, the tube having a first end and a second end, the first end being closed, the second end being open, the tube being configured to be selectively couplable to an electric heating element inserted thereinto, the tube having a plurality of second apertures positioned therein, each second aperture being selectively alignable with an associated first aperture upon rotation of the tube relative to the housing, wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating a fluid positioned in the interior space. 2. The electrically heated vessel of claim 1, wherein the tank comprises a water heater. 3. The electrically heated vessel of claim 1, wherein each first aperture extends from proximate to the first terminus to proximate to the second terminus. 4. The electrically heated vessel of claim 3, wherein:
the plurality of second apertures comprises four second apertures evenly spaced around a circumference of the tube; and the tube is configured for rotating 90 degrees relative to the housing from a closed configuration, wherein the second aperture is not aligned with the associated first aperture, and in which the electric heating element is removable, to an open configuration, wherein the second aperture is aligned with the associated first aperture, and wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating the fluid positioned in the interior space. 5. The electrically heated vessel of claim 4, further including a coating positioned on an exterior face of the tube, the coating being resiliently compressible such that the coating is positioned for sealably engaging an interior surface of the housing when the tube is in the closed configuration, wherein the coating is configured for preventing the fluid is the interior space from entering the tube. 6. The electrically heated vessel of claim 5, wherein the coating comprises at least one of elastomer, rubber, and silicone. 7. The electrically heated vessel of claim 1, further including a plate coupled to the second end of the tube and positioned externally to the tank, the plate having an opening positioned therein, the opening being internally threaded such that the opening is configured for threadedly inserting a threaded section of the electric heating element for coupling the electric heating element to the plate. 8. The electrically heated vessel of claim 7, wherein the plate is polygonally shaped, wherein the plate is configured for engaging a first wrench, positioning a user for applying torque to the plate for rotating the tube relative to the housing. 9. The electrically heated vessel of claim 8, wherein the plate is at least one of squarely shaped, hexagonally shaped, and octagonally shaped. 10. The electrically heated vessel of claim 8, wherein the electric heating element has a nut coupled thereto, wherein the nut is configured for engaging a second wrench positioning the user for applying torque to the nut, for rotating the electric heating element relative to the plate while maintaining the plate stationary relative to the housing using the first wrench. 11. An electrically heated vessel comprising:
a tank defining an interior space, the tank having an orifice positioned therein, the tank comprising a water heater; a housing, the housing being tubular and having a first terminus and a second terminus, the first terminus being closed, the second terminus being open and coupled to the tank such that the housing extends from the orifice into the interior space, the housing having a plurality of first apertures positioned therein, each first aperture extending from proximate to the first terminus to proximate to the second terminus; a tube positioned in and rotationally engaged to the housing, the tube having a first end and a second end, the first end being closed, the second end being open, the tube being configured to be selectively couplable to an electric heating element inserted thereinto, the tube having a plurality of second apertures positioned therein, each second aperture being selectively alignable with an associated first aperture upon rotation of the tube relative to the housing, wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating a fluid positioned in the interior space, the plurality of second apertures comprising four second apertures evenly spaced around a circumference of the tube, the tube being configured for rotating 90 degrees relative to the housing from a closed configuration, wherein the second aperture is not aligned with the associated first aperture, and in which the electric heating element is removable, to an open configuration, wherein the second aperture is aligned with the associated first aperture, and wherein the electric heating element is configured for heating the fluid positioned in the interior space; a coating positioned on an exterior face of the tube, the coating being resiliently compressible such that the coating is positioned for sealably engaging an interior surface of the housing when the tube is in the closed configuration, wherein the coating is configured for preventing the fluid is the interior space from entering the tube, the coating comprising at least one of elastomer, rubber, and silicone; and a plate coupled to the second end of the tube and positioned externally to the tank, the plate having an opening positioned therein, the opening being internally threaded such that the opening is configured for threadedly inserting a threaded section of the electric heating element for coupling the electric heating element to the plate, the plate being polygonally shaped, wherein the plate is configured for engaging a first wrench positioning a user for applying torque to the plate for rotating the tube relative to the housing, the plate being at least one of squarely shaped, hexagonally shaped, and octagonally shaped, the electric heating element having a nut coupled thereto, wherein the nut is configured for engaging a second wrench positioning the user for applying torque to the nut, for rotating the electric heating element relative to the plate while maintaining the plate stationary relative to the housing using the first wrench. | 3,700 |
343,288 | 16,802,702 | 3,762 | A method of forming a planarization layer on a substrate is disclosed. The method can include aligning a superstrate with the substrate, where aligning the superstrate with the substrate comprises tuning a diffusing element to a first operational state, dispensing a formable material over the substrate, contacting the formable material over the substrate with the superstrate, tuning the diffusing element to a second operational state, where the first operational state is different from the second operational state, and curing the formable material over the substrate to form a layer over the substrate while the superstrate is contacting the formable material, where curing the formable material can include directing a set of actinic radiation beams to enter the diffusing element at an entering state and exit the diffusing element at an exiting state, and where the entering state is different from the exiting state. | 1. A method of forming a planarization layer on a substrate, comprising:
aligning a superstrate with the substrate, wherein aligning the superstrate with the substrate comprises tuning a diffusing element to a first operational state; dispensing a formable material over the substrate; contacting the formable material over the substrate with the superstrate; tuning the diffusing element to a second operational state, wherein the first operational state is different from the second operational state; and curing the formable material over the substrate by irradiating the formable material with actinic radiation beams through the diffusion element to form a layer over the substrate while the superstrate is contacting the formable material, wherein curing the formable material comprises directing a set of actinic radiation beams to enter the diffusing element at an entering state and exit the diffusing element at an exiting state, and wherein the entering state is different from the exiting state. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the entering state is collimated beams. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the exiting state is diffused beams. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing a set of light beams through the diffusing element while aligning the superstrate with the substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of light beams enter the diffusing element as collimated beams and exit the diffusing element as collimated beams. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a camera and lighting system to align the superstrate with the substrate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diffusing element is between the camera and lighting system, and the substrate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the diffusing element comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicone, limestone, soda ash, quartz, silica, silicates, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, and any combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, indium tin oxide, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, or any combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the third layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicone, limestone, soda ash, quartz, silica, silicates, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, and any combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first layer is spaced apart into at least two sections, the second layer is a continuous layer, and the third layer is separated into at least two sections. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the diffusing element comprises three zones. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the set of actinic radiation beams exit the first zone at a different state than the beams exiting the second zone. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of actinic radiation beams exit the first zone at a different state than the beams exiting the third zone. 16. A method of manufacturing an article, comprising:
aligning a superstrate with the substrate, wherein aligning the superstrate with the substrate comprises tuning a diffusing element to a first operational state; dispensing a formable material over the substrate; contacting the formable material over the substrate with the superstrate; tuning the diffusing element to a second operational state, wherein the first operational state is different from the second operational state; and curing the formable material over the substrate to form a layer over the substrate while the superstrate is contacting the formable material, wherein curing the formable material comprises directing a set of actinic radiation beams to enter the diffusing element at an entering state and exit the diffusing element at an exiting state, and wherein the entering state is different from the exiting state. separating the superstrate and the layer on the substrate; processing the substrate on which the layer has been formed; and manufacturing the article from the processed substrate. 17. A system for planarizing a substrate, comprising:
a substrate chuck to hold the substrate; a superstrate chuck to hold a superstrate, wherein the superstrate faces the substrate; a tunable diffuser, wherein the tunable diffuser comprises a first operational state and a second operational state, wherein the second operational state diffuses energy beams; a camera to inspect the substrate through the tunable diffuser, the superstrate chuck, and the superstrate, wherein the tunable diffuser is between the camera and the superstrate chuck; and a radiation source to provide actinic radiation beams to the substrate through the tunable diffuser, the superstrate chuck, and the superstrate, wherein the tunable diffuser is between the radiation source and the superstrate chuck. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the tunable diffuser comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the second layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, indium tin oxide, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, or any combination thereof. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the first layer is spaced apart into at least two sections, the second layer is a continuous layer, and the third layer is separated into at least two sections. | A method of forming a planarization layer on a substrate is disclosed. The method can include aligning a superstrate with the substrate, where aligning the superstrate with the substrate comprises tuning a diffusing element to a first operational state, dispensing a formable material over the substrate, contacting the formable material over the substrate with the superstrate, tuning the diffusing element to a second operational state, where the first operational state is different from the second operational state, and curing the formable material over the substrate to form a layer over the substrate while the superstrate is contacting the formable material, where curing the formable material can include directing a set of actinic radiation beams to enter the diffusing element at an entering state and exit the diffusing element at an exiting state, and where the entering state is different from the exiting state.1. A method of forming a planarization layer on a substrate, comprising:
aligning a superstrate with the substrate, wherein aligning the superstrate with the substrate comprises tuning a diffusing element to a first operational state; dispensing a formable material over the substrate; contacting the formable material over the substrate with the superstrate; tuning the diffusing element to a second operational state, wherein the first operational state is different from the second operational state; and curing the formable material over the substrate by irradiating the formable material with actinic radiation beams through the diffusion element to form a layer over the substrate while the superstrate is contacting the formable material, wherein curing the formable material comprises directing a set of actinic radiation beams to enter the diffusing element at an entering state and exit the diffusing element at an exiting state, and wherein the entering state is different from the exiting state. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the entering state is collimated beams. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the exiting state is diffused beams. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing a set of light beams through the diffusing element while aligning the superstrate with the substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of light beams enter the diffusing element as collimated beams and exit the diffusing element as collimated beams. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a camera and lighting system to align the superstrate with the substrate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diffusing element is between the camera and lighting system, and the substrate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the diffusing element comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicone, limestone, soda ash, quartz, silica, silicates, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, and any combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, indium tin oxide, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, or any combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the third layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicone, limestone, soda ash, quartz, silica, silicates, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, and any combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first layer is spaced apart into at least two sections, the second layer is a continuous layer, and the third layer is separated into at least two sections. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the diffusing element comprises three zones. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the set of actinic radiation beams exit the first zone at a different state than the beams exiting the second zone. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of actinic radiation beams exit the first zone at a different state than the beams exiting the third zone. 16. A method of manufacturing an article, comprising:
aligning a superstrate with the substrate, wherein aligning the superstrate with the substrate comprises tuning a diffusing element to a first operational state; dispensing a formable material over the substrate; contacting the formable material over the substrate with the superstrate; tuning the diffusing element to a second operational state, wherein the first operational state is different from the second operational state; and curing the formable material over the substrate to form a layer over the substrate while the superstrate is contacting the formable material, wherein curing the formable material comprises directing a set of actinic radiation beams to enter the diffusing element at an entering state and exit the diffusing element at an exiting state, and wherein the entering state is different from the exiting state. separating the superstrate and the layer on the substrate; processing the substrate on which the layer has been formed; and manufacturing the article from the processed substrate. 17. A system for planarizing a substrate, comprising:
a substrate chuck to hold the substrate; a superstrate chuck to hold a superstrate, wherein the superstrate faces the substrate; a tunable diffuser, wherein the tunable diffuser comprises a first operational state and a second operational state, wherein the second operational state diffuses energy beams; a camera to inspect the substrate through the tunable diffuser, the superstrate chuck, and the superstrate, wherein the tunable diffuser is between the camera and the superstrate chuck; and a radiation source to provide actinic radiation beams to the substrate through the tunable diffuser, the superstrate chuck, and the superstrate, wherein the tunable diffuser is between the radiation source and the superstrate chuck. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the tunable diffuser comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the second layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, indium tin oxide, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, or any combination thereof. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the first layer is spaced apart into at least two sections, the second layer is a continuous layer, and the third layer is separated into at least two sections. | 3,700 |
343,289 | 16,802,687 | 3,762 | A method and apparatus are disclosed for forming a drug coating layer capable of preventing breakage of elongated drug crystals on a surface of a balloon and maintaining the drug crystals in an appropriate shape in order to act on a living body. The method includes supplying a coating solution which contains the water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to the surface of the balloon and evaporating the organic solvent and the water to form an additive layer containing the water-soluble additive and a protruding crystal having a tip end protruding from the additive layer, cutting a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal from a part surrounded by the additive layer and forming the part surrounded by the additive layer as the elongated body, and removing the cut-out surplus portion from the drug coating layer. | 1. A method for forming a drug coating layer in which a plurality of elongated bodies which are crystals of a water-insoluble drug and each have a long axis are formed on a surface of a balloon, the method comprising:
supplying a coating solution which contains the water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to the surface of the balloon and evaporating the organic solvent and the water to form an additive layer containing the water-soluble additive and a protruding crystal which is an elongated drug crystal having a tip end protruding from the additive layer; cutting a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal from a part surrounded by the additive layer and forming the part surrounded by the additive layer as the elongated body; and removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer. 2. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the additive layer contains a water-soluble low molecular weight compound. 3. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the removing of the surplus portion comprises:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by blowing gas to the surface of the balloon. 4. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the removing of the surplus portion comprises:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by applying vibration to the surface of the balloon. 5. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the removing of the surplus portion comprises:
forming a pleat portion protruding outward in a radial direction of the balloon after the protruding crystal is formed; folding the pleat portion along a circumferential direction of the balloon; and applying a force to the surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal, and cutting the surplus portion from the elongated body in at least one of the forming of the pleat portion and the folding of the pleat portion. 6. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the water-insoluble drug contains at least one water-insoluble drug selected from a group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 7. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the balloon is part of a balloon catheter, the balloon catheter being a rapid exchange type balloon catheter or an over-the-wire type balloon catheter. 8. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the elongated drug crystals comprises one or more of first elongated bodies, second elongated bodies, and third elongated bodies, the first elongated body extending from an inside of the additive layer to an outside of the additive layer, the second elongated body extending from the outer surface of the balloon to the outside of the additive layer by penetrating the additive layer, and the third elongated body extending from an outer surface of the additive layer to an out-of-plane direction. 9. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 3, wherein the gas is helium gas, CO2 gas, O2 gas, N2 gas, Ar gas, air, or a mixture of the helium gas, the CO2 gas, the O2 gas, the N2 gas, the Ar gas, and/or the air. 10. A method for forming a drug coating layer on a balloon of a balloon catheter, the method comprising:
supplying a coating solution which contains a water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to a surface of the balloon; evaporating the organic solvent and the water from the coating solution to form an additive layer containing the water-soluble additive and protruding elongated drugs crystals having a tip end protruding from the additive layer; and cutting a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal from a part surrounded by the additive layer and forming the part surrounded by the additive layer as the elongated body. 11. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 10, further comprising:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by blowing gas to the surface of the balloon and/or vibrating the surface of the balloon. 12. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 10, further comprising:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by forming a pleat portion protruding outward in a radial direction of the balloon after the protruding crystal is formed, folding the pleat portion along a circumferential direction of the balloon, and applying a force to the surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal, and cutting the surplus portion from the elongated body in at least one of the forming of the pleat portion and the folding of the pleat portion. 13. An apparatus for forming a drug coating layer in which a plurality of elongated bodies which are crystals of a water-insoluble drug and each have a long axis is formed on a surface of a balloon, the apparatus comprising:
a rotating mechanism section configured to apply a rotational force to the balloon; a coating solution supply section configured to apply a coating solution which contains the water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to an outer surface of the rotating balloon; a pressing section configured to press the surface of the balloon and cutting a part of the drug crystal formed on the surface of the balloon; and a gas supply section configured to remove the cut drug crystal by blowing gas to the surface of the balloon. 14. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, further comprising:
a vibrating section configured to vibrate the balloon. 15. The apparatus or forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the additive layer contains a water-soluble low molecular weight compound. 16. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the pressing section comprises a pleating section and a folding section, the pleating section and the folding section configured to:
form a pleat portion protruding outward in a radial direction of the balloon after the protruding crystal is formed; fold the pleat portion along a circumferential direction of the balloon; and apply a force to a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal, and cut the surplus portion from the elongated body in at least one of the forming of the pleat portion and the folding of the pleat portion. 17. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the water-insoluble drug contains at least one selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 18. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the balloon is part of a balloon catheter, the balloon catheter being a rapid exchange type balloon catheter or an over-the-wire type balloon catheter. 19. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the elongated drug crystals comprises one or more of first elongated bodies, second elongated bodies, and third elongated bodies, the first elongated body extending from an inside of the additive layer to an outside of the additive layer, the second elongated body extending from the outer surface of the balloon to the outside of the additive layer by penetrating the additive layer, and the third elongated body extending from an outer surface of the additive layer to an out-of-plane direction. 20. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the gas is helium gas, CO2 gas, O2 gas, N2 gas, Ar gas, air, or a mixture of the helium gas, the CO2 gas, the O2 gas, the N2 gas, the Ar gas, and/or the air. | A method and apparatus are disclosed for forming a drug coating layer capable of preventing breakage of elongated drug crystals on a surface of a balloon and maintaining the drug crystals in an appropriate shape in order to act on a living body. The method includes supplying a coating solution which contains the water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to the surface of the balloon and evaporating the organic solvent and the water to form an additive layer containing the water-soluble additive and a protruding crystal having a tip end protruding from the additive layer, cutting a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal from a part surrounded by the additive layer and forming the part surrounded by the additive layer as the elongated body, and removing the cut-out surplus portion from the drug coating layer.1. A method for forming a drug coating layer in which a plurality of elongated bodies which are crystals of a water-insoluble drug and each have a long axis are formed on a surface of a balloon, the method comprising:
supplying a coating solution which contains the water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to the surface of the balloon and evaporating the organic solvent and the water to form an additive layer containing the water-soluble additive and a protruding crystal which is an elongated drug crystal having a tip end protruding from the additive layer; cutting a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal from a part surrounded by the additive layer and forming the part surrounded by the additive layer as the elongated body; and removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer. 2. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the additive layer contains a water-soluble low molecular weight compound. 3. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the removing of the surplus portion comprises:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by blowing gas to the surface of the balloon. 4. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the removing of the surplus portion comprises:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by applying vibration to the surface of the balloon. 5. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the removing of the surplus portion comprises:
forming a pleat portion protruding outward in a radial direction of the balloon after the protruding crystal is formed; folding the pleat portion along a circumferential direction of the balloon; and applying a force to the surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal, and cutting the surplus portion from the elongated body in at least one of the forming of the pleat portion and the folding of the pleat portion. 6. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the water-insoluble drug contains at least one water-insoluble drug selected from a group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 7. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the balloon is part of a balloon catheter, the balloon catheter being a rapid exchange type balloon catheter or an over-the-wire type balloon catheter. 8. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the elongated drug crystals comprises one or more of first elongated bodies, second elongated bodies, and third elongated bodies, the first elongated body extending from an inside of the additive layer to an outside of the additive layer, the second elongated body extending from the outer surface of the balloon to the outside of the additive layer by penetrating the additive layer, and the third elongated body extending from an outer surface of the additive layer to an out-of-plane direction. 9. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 3, wherein the gas is helium gas, CO2 gas, O2 gas, N2 gas, Ar gas, air, or a mixture of the helium gas, the CO2 gas, the O2 gas, the N2 gas, the Ar gas, and/or the air. 10. A method for forming a drug coating layer on a balloon of a balloon catheter, the method comprising:
supplying a coating solution which contains a water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to a surface of the balloon; evaporating the organic solvent and the water from the coating solution to form an additive layer containing the water-soluble additive and protruding elongated drugs crystals having a tip end protruding from the additive layer; and cutting a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal from a part surrounded by the additive layer and forming the part surrounded by the additive layer as the elongated body. 11. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 10, further comprising:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by blowing gas to the surface of the balloon and/or vibrating the surface of the balloon. 12. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 10, further comprising:
removing the surplus portion from the drug coating layer by forming a pleat portion protruding outward in a radial direction of the balloon after the protruding crystal is formed, folding the pleat portion along a circumferential direction of the balloon, and applying a force to the surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal, and cutting the surplus portion from the elongated body in at least one of the forming of the pleat portion and the folding of the pleat portion. 13. An apparatus for forming a drug coating layer in which a plurality of elongated bodies which are crystals of a water-insoluble drug and each have a long axis is formed on a surface of a balloon, the apparatus comprising:
a rotating mechanism section configured to apply a rotational force to the balloon; a coating solution supply section configured to apply a coating solution which contains the water-insoluble drug, a water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to an outer surface of the rotating balloon; a pressing section configured to press the surface of the balloon and cutting a part of the drug crystal formed on the surface of the balloon; and a gas supply section configured to remove the cut drug crystal by blowing gas to the surface of the balloon. 14. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, further comprising:
a vibrating section configured to vibrate the balloon. 15. The apparatus or forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the additive layer contains a water-soluble low molecular weight compound. 16. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the pressing section comprises a pleating section and a folding section, the pleating section and the folding section configured to:
form a pleat portion protruding outward in a radial direction of the balloon after the protruding crystal is formed; fold the pleat portion along a circumferential direction of the balloon; and apply a force to a surplus portion protruding from the additive layer of the protruding crystal, and cut the surplus portion from the elongated body in at least one of the forming of the pleat portion and the folding of the pleat portion. 17. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the water-insoluble drug contains at least one selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 18. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the balloon is part of a balloon catheter, the balloon catheter being a rapid exchange type balloon catheter or an over-the-wire type balloon catheter. 19. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the elongated drug crystals comprises one or more of first elongated bodies, second elongated bodies, and third elongated bodies, the first elongated body extending from an inside of the additive layer to an outside of the additive layer, the second elongated body extending from the outer surface of the balloon to the outside of the additive layer by penetrating the additive layer, and the third elongated body extending from an outer surface of the additive layer to an out-of-plane direction. 20. The apparatus for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 13, wherein the gas is helium gas, CO2 gas, O2 gas, N2 gas, Ar gas, air, or a mixture of the helium gas, the CO2 gas, the O2 gas, the N2 gas, the Ar gas, and/or the air. | 3,700 |
343,290 | 16,802,724 | 3,762 | A shield terminal (20) includes an inner conductor terminal (21) and an outer conductor terminal (30) surrounding the inner conductor terminal (21) and having a tubular fitting portion (400 to which a mating outer conductor (130) is fit. The tubular fitting portion (40) includes butting edges (41) to be butted against each other on both circumferential edge parts (41A, 41B), fixed contact point portions (42) formed to have an embossed shape in a butting-side half circumference portion (C1), the fixed contact point portions (42) contacting the mating outer conductor (130), and resilient contact portions (51) formed by cutting and raising parts of an opposite-side half circumference portion (C2) on a side opposite to the butting-side half circumference portion (C1), the resilient contact portions (51) resiliently contacting the mating outer conductor (130). | 1. A shield terminal (20), comprising:
an inner conductor terminal (21); and an outer conductor terminal (30) surrounding the inner conductor terminal (21), the outer conductor terminal (30) including a tubular fitting (40) to which a mating outer conductor (130) is fit, wherein the tubular fitting (40) includes: butting edges (41) to be butted against each other on both circumferential edges (41A, 41B); a fixed contact (42) formed to have an embossed shape in a butting-side half circumference portion (C1) where the butting edges (41) are located, the fixed contact (42) contacting the mating outer conductor (130); and a resilient contact (51) formed by cutting and raising a part of an opposite-side half circumference portion (C2) on a side opposite to the butting-side half circumference portion (C1), the resilient contact (51) resiliently contacting the mating outer conductor (130). 2. The shield terminal (20) of claim 1, wherein the tubular fitting (40) includes two of the resilient contacts (51) and two of the fixed contacts (42). 3. The shield terminal (20) of claim 2, wherein:
the fixed contacts (42) are formed respectively on both circumferential sides of the butting edges (41), and the resilient contacts (51) are formed at positions respectively radially facing the fixed contacts (42) in the tubular fitting (40). 4. A shield connector, comprising:
the shield terminal (20) of claim 1; a dielectric (23) interposed between the inner conductor terminal (21) and the outer conductor (30); and a connector housing (80) accommodating the shield terminal (20). | A shield terminal (20) includes an inner conductor terminal (21) and an outer conductor terminal (30) surrounding the inner conductor terminal (21) and having a tubular fitting portion (400 to which a mating outer conductor (130) is fit. The tubular fitting portion (40) includes butting edges (41) to be butted against each other on both circumferential edge parts (41A, 41B), fixed contact point portions (42) formed to have an embossed shape in a butting-side half circumference portion (C1), the fixed contact point portions (42) contacting the mating outer conductor (130), and resilient contact portions (51) formed by cutting and raising parts of an opposite-side half circumference portion (C2) on a side opposite to the butting-side half circumference portion (C1), the resilient contact portions (51) resiliently contacting the mating outer conductor (130).1. A shield terminal (20), comprising:
an inner conductor terminal (21); and an outer conductor terminal (30) surrounding the inner conductor terminal (21), the outer conductor terminal (30) including a tubular fitting (40) to which a mating outer conductor (130) is fit, wherein the tubular fitting (40) includes: butting edges (41) to be butted against each other on both circumferential edges (41A, 41B); a fixed contact (42) formed to have an embossed shape in a butting-side half circumference portion (C1) where the butting edges (41) are located, the fixed contact (42) contacting the mating outer conductor (130); and a resilient contact (51) formed by cutting and raising a part of an opposite-side half circumference portion (C2) on a side opposite to the butting-side half circumference portion (C1), the resilient contact (51) resiliently contacting the mating outer conductor (130). 2. The shield terminal (20) of claim 1, wherein the tubular fitting (40) includes two of the resilient contacts (51) and two of the fixed contacts (42). 3. The shield terminal (20) of claim 2, wherein:
the fixed contacts (42) are formed respectively on both circumferential sides of the butting edges (41), and the resilient contacts (51) are formed at positions respectively radially facing the fixed contacts (42) in the tubular fitting (40). 4. A shield connector, comprising:
the shield terminal (20) of claim 1; a dielectric (23) interposed between the inner conductor terminal (21) and the outer conductor (30); and a connector housing (80) accommodating the shield terminal (20). | 3,700 |
343,291 | 16,802,718 | 3,762 | A power semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type. A pillar is provided in the semiconductor layer and has a second conductivity type that is different than the first conductivity type. A first trench gate is provided in the pillar proximate to a first vertical edge of the pillar. A second trench gate is provided in the pillar proximate to a second vertical edge of the pillar, the second vertical edge being on an opposing side of the pillar of the first vertical edge. A first electrode is provided over a first side of the semiconductor layer. A second electrode is provided over a second side of the semiconductor layer. | 1. A power semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type; a pillar provided in the semiconductor layer and having a second conductivity type that is different than the first conductivity type; a first trench gate provided in the pillar proximate to a first vertical edge of the pillar; a second trench gate provided in the pillar proximate to a second vertical edge of the pillar, the second vertical edge being on an opposing side of the pillar of the first vertical edge; a first electrode provided over a first side of the semiconductor layer; and a second electrode provided over a second side of the semiconductor layer. 2. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third trench gate provided in the semiconductor layer and spaced apart from the pillar, the third trench gate having a first vertical surface and a second vertical surface, and wherein the first and second trench gates are separated by a shielding portion of the pillar. 3. The power semiconductor of claim 2, wherein the first, second, and third trench gates define first, second, third, and fourth channels, respectively, and
wherein the first trench gate defines a first channel proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, the second trench gate defines a second channel proximate to the second vertical edge of the pillar, and the third trench gate defines the third channel proximate to the first vertical surface of the third trench gate and the fourth channel proximate to the second vertical surface of the third trench gate. 4. The power semiconductor device of claim 3, further comprising:
a well of the second conductivity provided proximate to the first electrode; a plurality of heavily doped regions of the second conductivity and provided in the well, the heavily doped regions including first, second, third and fourth regions that make first, second, third, and fourth Ohmic contacts with the first electrode, respectively. 5. The power semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first region is proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, the second region is provided in the pillar and between the first and second trench gates, the third region is provided between the second and third trench gates, and the fourth region is provided proximate the second vertical surface of the third trench gate. 6. The power semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the first, third, and fourth regions define current paths for a forward current of the power device, and the second region defines a current path for a reverse recovery current of the power device. 7. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of wells of the second conductivity provided proximate to the first electrode; a plurality of heavily doped regions of the first conductivity type; a plurality of heavily doped regions of the second conductivity type provided in the wells, the heavily doped regions of the second conductivity type including first, second, and third regions that make first, second, and third Ohmic contacts with the first electrode, respectively. 8. The power semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein the first region is proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, the second region is provided in the pillar and between the first and second trench gates, and the third region is proximate to the second vertical edge of the pillar. 9. The power semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the first and third regions define current paths for a forward current, and the second region defines a current path for a reverse recovery current. 10. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first trench gate defines a first channel proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, and the second trench gate defines a second channel proximate to the second vertical edge of the pillar. 11. The power semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first trench gate includes a gate electrode and a gate dielectric material, the first gate dielectric material including a gate dielectric layer and a gate dielectric spacer, the gate dielectric layer provided over the first channel and having a thickness of no more than 0.15 um, the gate dielectric spacer having a thickness of at least 0.2 um. 12. The power semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the gate dielectric material is an oxide and encapsulates the gate electrode. 13. The power semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first trench gate includes a gate electrode and a gate oxide material encapsulating the gate electrode,
wherein the first trench gate includes first, second, third, and fourth sides, the first side corresponding to the first vertical edge of the pillar and defining the first channel of the first trench gate, the second side corresponding to an upper surface of the first trench gate, the third side corresponding to an opposing side of the first side, and the fourth side corresponding to a bottom surface of the first trench gate, wherein the gate oxide material has first, second, third, and fourth thicknesses at the first, second, third, and fourth sides of the first gate trench, respectively, and wherein the first thickness is no more than 0.15 um and the second, third, and fourth thicknesses are at least 0.20 um. 14. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the power device is a MOSFET and the pillar provides a charge balance area, and
wherein the first conductivity type is an N conductivity type, and the second conductivity type is a P conductivity type. 15. The power semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the device is configured to handle a breakdown voltage of at least 600V and has an on-resistance of no more than 10 mOhm/cm2. 16. A power semiconductor device including a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell comprising:
a first trench gate provided in a first pillar, the first trench gate having a first side proximate to a vertical edge of the first pillar and a second side facing an interior of the first pillar; a second trench gate provided in a second pillar, the second trench gate having a first side proximate to a vertical edge of the second pillar and a second side facing an interior of the second pillar, the first and second pillars being adjacent pillars; a third trench gate provided between the first and second trench gates, the third trench gate extending into a drift region; and first, second, third, and fourth heavily doped regions making Ohmic contacts with an electrode, the first heavily doped region being provided in the first pillar, the second heavily doped region provided between the first and third trench gates, the third heavily doped region provided between the second and third trench gates, and the fourth heavily doped region provided within the second pillar. 17. The power semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the second and third heavily doped regions provide current paths for a forward current, and the first and fourth heavily doped regions provide current paths for a reverse recovery current. 18. A method for forming a power semiconductor device, the method comprising:
providing an epi layer over a substrate; forming a well and a pillar in the epi layer; etching the pillar and the epi layer to form first, second, and third trenches, the first and second trenches being provided in the pillar, the third trench being provided the epi layer spaced apart from the pillar; forming first, second and third trench gates in the first, second, and third trenches, respectively; forming first, second, third, and fourth heavily doped regions in the well and the pillar, the second heavily doped region being provided within the pillar and between the first and second trench gates; providing a first metal electrode over a first side of the epi layer and making Ohmic contacts with the first, second, third, and fourth heavily doped regions; and providing a second metal electrode over a second side of the epi layer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first, third, and fourth heavily doped regions provide current paths for a forward current of the power device, and the second heavily doped region provides a current path for a reverse recovery current of the power device. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first trench gate includes first, second, third, and fourth sides, the first trench gate having a gate electrode and a gate oxide material encapsulating the gate electrode,
wherein the gate oxide material has first, second, third, and fourth thicknesses at the first, second, third, and fourth sides of the first gate trench, respectively, wherein the first side defines a channel for the first trench gate, the second side corresponds to an upper surface of the first trench gate, the third side corresponds to an opposing side of the first side, and the fourth side corresponds to a bottom surface of the first trench gate, and wherein the first thickness is no more than 0.15 um and the second, third, and fourth thicknesses are at least 0.20 um. | A power semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type. A pillar is provided in the semiconductor layer and has a second conductivity type that is different than the first conductivity type. A first trench gate is provided in the pillar proximate to a first vertical edge of the pillar. A second trench gate is provided in the pillar proximate to a second vertical edge of the pillar, the second vertical edge being on an opposing side of the pillar of the first vertical edge. A first electrode is provided over a first side of the semiconductor layer. A second electrode is provided over a second side of the semiconductor layer.1. A power semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type; a pillar provided in the semiconductor layer and having a second conductivity type that is different than the first conductivity type; a first trench gate provided in the pillar proximate to a first vertical edge of the pillar; a second trench gate provided in the pillar proximate to a second vertical edge of the pillar, the second vertical edge being on an opposing side of the pillar of the first vertical edge; a first electrode provided over a first side of the semiconductor layer; and a second electrode provided over a second side of the semiconductor layer. 2. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third trench gate provided in the semiconductor layer and spaced apart from the pillar, the third trench gate having a first vertical surface and a second vertical surface, and wherein the first and second trench gates are separated by a shielding portion of the pillar. 3. The power semiconductor of claim 2, wherein the first, second, and third trench gates define first, second, third, and fourth channels, respectively, and
wherein the first trench gate defines a first channel proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, the second trench gate defines a second channel proximate to the second vertical edge of the pillar, and the third trench gate defines the third channel proximate to the first vertical surface of the third trench gate and the fourth channel proximate to the second vertical surface of the third trench gate. 4. The power semiconductor device of claim 3, further comprising:
a well of the second conductivity provided proximate to the first electrode; a plurality of heavily doped regions of the second conductivity and provided in the well, the heavily doped regions including first, second, third and fourth regions that make first, second, third, and fourth Ohmic contacts with the first electrode, respectively. 5. The power semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first region is proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, the second region is provided in the pillar and between the first and second trench gates, the third region is provided between the second and third trench gates, and the fourth region is provided proximate the second vertical surface of the third trench gate. 6. The power semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the first, third, and fourth regions define current paths for a forward current of the power device, and the second region defines a current path for a reverse recovery current of the power device. 7. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of wells of the second conductivity provided proximate to the first electrode; a plurality of heavily doped regions of the first conductivity type; a plurality of heavily doped regions of the second conductivity type provided in the wells, the heavily doped regions of the second conductivity type including first, second, and third regions that make first, second, and third Ohmic contacts with the first electrode, respectively. 8. The power semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein the first region is proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, the second region is provided in the pillar and between the first and second trench gates, and the third region is proximate to the second vertical edge of the pillar. 9. The power semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the first and third regions define current paths for a forward current, and the second region defines a current path for a reverse recovery current. 10. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first trench gate defines a first channel proximate to the first vertical edge of the pillar, and the second trench gate defines a second channel proximate to the second vertical edge of the pillar. 11. The power semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first trench gate includes a gate electrode and a gate dielectric material, the first gate dielectric material including a gate dielectric layer and a gate dielectric spacer, the gate dielectric layer provided over the first channel and having a thickness of no more than 0.15 um, the gate dielectric spacer having a thickness of at least 0.2 um. 12. The power semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the gate dielectric material is an oxide and encapsulates the gate electrode. 13. The power semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first trench gate includes a gate electrode and a gate oxide material encapsulating the gate electrode,
wherein the first trench gate includes first, second, third, and fourth sides, the first side corresponding to the first vertical edge of the pillar and defining the first channel of the first trench gate, the second side corresponding to an upper surface of the first trench gate, the third side corresponding to an opposing side of the first side, and the fourth side corresponding to a bottom surface of the first trench gate, wherein the gate oxide material has first, second, third, and fourth thicknesses at the first, second, third, and fourth sides of the first gate trench, respectively, and wherein the first thickness is no more than 0.15 um and the second, third, and fourth thicknesses are at least 0.20 um. 14. The power semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the power device is a MOSFET and the pillar provides a charge balance area, and
wherein the first conductivity type is an N conductivity type, and the second conductivity type is a P conductivity type. 15. The power semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the device is configured to handle a breakdown voltage of at least 600V and has an on-resistance of no more than 10 mOhm/cm2. 16. A power semiconductor device including a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell comprising:
a first trench gate provided in a first pillar, the first trench gate having a first side proximate to a vertical edge of the first pillar and a second side facing an interior of the first pillar; a second trench gate provided in a second pillar, the second trench gate having a first side proximate to a vertical edge of the second pillar and a second side facing an interior of the second pillar, the first and second pillars being adjacent pillars; a third trench gate provided between the first and second trench gates, the third trench gate extending into a drift region; and first, second, third, and fourth heavily doped regions making Ohmic contacts with an electrode, the first heavily doped region being provided in the first pillar, the second heavily doped region provided between the first and third trench gates, the third heavily doped region provided between the second and third trench gates, and the fourth heavily doped region provided within the second pillar. 17. The power semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the second and third heavily doped regions provide current paths for a forward current, and the first and fourth heavily doped regions provide current paths for a reverse recovery current. 18. A method for forming a power semiconductor device, the method comprising:
providing an epi layer over a substrate; forming a well and a pillar in the epi layer; etching the pillar and the epi layer to form first, second, and third trenches, the first and second trenches being provided in the pillar, the third trench being provided the epi layer spaced apart from the pillar; forming first, second and third trench gates in the first, second, and third trenches, respectively; forming first, second, third, and fourth heavily doped regions in the well and the pillar, the second heavily doped region being provided within the pillar and between the first and second trench gates; providing a first metal electrode over a first side of the epi layer and making Ohmic contacts with the first, second, third, and fourth heavily doped regions; and providing a second metal electrode over a second side of the epi layer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first, third, and fourth heavily doped regions provide current paths for a forward current of the power device, and the second heavily doped region provides a current path for a reverse recovery current of the power device. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first trench gate includes first, second, third, and fourth sides, the first trench gate having a gate electrode and a gate oxide material encapsulating the gate electrode,
wherein the gate oxide material has first, second, third, and fourth thicknesses at the first, second, third, and fourth sides of the first gate trench, respectively, wherein the first side defines a channel for the first trench gate, the second side corresponds to an upper surface of the first trench gate, the third side corresponds to an opposing side of the first side, and the fourth side corresponds to a bottom surface of the first trench gate, and wherein the first thickness is no more than 0.15 um and the second, third, and fourth thicknesses are at least 0.20 um. | 3,700 |
343,292 | 16,802,677 | 3,762 | In the present invention, a UFB generating apparatus includes: a target concentration setting unit that sets a target concentration of ultrafine bubbles to be contained in a liquid; a driving unit that drives the heating element to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate the ultrafine bubbles; a generation time setting unit that sets a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; and a controlling unit that controls the driving unit to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus, comprising:
a heating part that includes a heating element capable of heating a liquid; a driving unit that drives the heating element to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles; a concentration setting unit that sets a target concentration of the ultrafine bubbles to be contained in the liquid; a generation time setting unit that sets a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; and a controlling unit that controls the driving unit to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the controlling unit controls at least one of a drive frequency and a heating amount of the heating element driven by the driving unit. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes a plurality of the heating elements, and the controlling unit adjusts the number of the heating elements that are to be driven by the driving unit among the plurality of the heating elements. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes a plurality of the heating elements, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus further includes an estimating unit that estimates the number of operating heating elements capable of generating the ultrafine bubbles among the heating elements that are to be driven by the driving unit, and the controlling unit controls the driving unit based on the number of the operating heating elements estimated by the estimating unit. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the estimating unit estimates the number of the operating heating elements at least either before or after the driving of the heating elements. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the controlling unit controls the driving unit such that, in a case where the number of the operating heating elements estimated after the driving of the heating elements is smaller than the number of the operating heating elements estimated before the driving of the heating elements, any one of adding the number of the heating elements to be driven by the driving unit, increasing a drive frequency of each heating element, and increasing a heating amount of the heating element is executed. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a progress concentration setting unit that sets a progress concentration of the ultrafine bubbles associated with a generation time of the ultrafine bubbles based on the target concentration and the target generation time; and a concentration measuring unit that measures a concentration of the ultrafine bubbles in the liquid after starting the generation of the ultrafine bubbles, wherein the controlling unit controls the driving unit based on a measured concentration measured by the concentration measuring unit and the progress concentration corresponding to a time in which the measured concentration is measured. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the controlling unit controls the generation speed based on the measured concentration measured by the concentration measuring unit, the progress concentration corresponding to the time in which the measured concentration is measured, and the number of the operating heating elements estimated after the driving of the heating element. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is lower than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to increase the generation speed. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is lower than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to increase the generation speed. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is higher than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to decrease the generation speed. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is higher than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to decrease the generation speed. 13. An ultrafine bubble generating method, comprising:
setting a target concentration of ultrafine bubbles to be contained in a liquid; setting a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; driving a heating element capable of heating the liquid to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles; and controlling the driving to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. 14. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a heating part that includes a heating element capable of heating a liquid; a driving unit that drives the heating element to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles; a concentration setting unit that sets a target concentration of the ultrafine bubbles to be contained in the liquid; a generation time setting unit that sets a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; and a controlling unit that controls the driving unit to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. | In the present invention, a UFB generating apparatus includes: a target concentration setting unit that sets a target concentration of ultrafine bubbles to be contained in a liquid; a driving unit that drives the heating element to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate the ultrafine bubbles; a generation time setting unit that sets a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; and a controlling unit that controls the driving unit to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time.1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus, comprising:
a heating part that includes a heating element capable of heating a liquid; a driving unit that drives the heating element to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles; a concentration setting unit that sets a target concentration of the ultrafine bubbles to be contained in the liquid; a generation time setting unit that sets a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; and a controlling unit that controls the driving unit to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the controlling unit controls at least one of a drive frequency and a heating amount of the heating element driven by the driving unit. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes a plurality of the heating elements, and the controlling unit adjusts the number of the heating elements that are to be driven by the driving unit among the plurality of the heating elements. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes a plurality of the heating elements, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus further includes an estimating unit that estimates the number of operating heating elements capable of generating the ultrafine bubbles among the heating elements that are to be driven by the driving unit, and the controlling unit controls the driving unit based on the number of the operating heating elements estimated by the estimating unit. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the estimating unit estimates the number of the operating heating elements at least either before or after the driving of the heating elements. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the controlling unit controls the driving unit such that, in a case where the number of the operating heating elements estimated after the driving of the heating elements is smaller than the number of the operating heating elements estimated before the driving of the heating elements, any one of adding the number of the heating elements to be driven by the driving unit, increasing a drive frequency of each heating element, and increasing a heating amount of the heating element is executed. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a progress concentration setting unit that sets a progress concentration of the ultrafine bubbles associated with a generation time of the ultrafine bubbles based on the target concentration and the target generation time; and a concentration measuring unit that measures a concentration of the ultrafine bubbles in the liquid after starting the generation of the ultrafine bubbles, wherein the controlling unit controls the driving unit based on a measured concentration measured by the concentration measuring unit and the progress concentration corresponding to a time in which the measured concentration is measured. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the controlling unit controls the generation speed based on the measured concentration measured by the concentration measuring unit, the progress concentration corresponding to the time in which the measured concentration is measured, and the number of the operating heating elements estimated after the driving of the heating element. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is lower than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to increase the generation speed. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is lower than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to increase the generation speed. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is higher than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to decrease the generation speed. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
in a case where the measured concentration is higher than the progress concentration corresponding to the measured concentration, the controlling unit controls the driving unit to decrease the generation speed. 13. An ultrafine bubble generating method, comprising:
setting a target concentration of ultrafine bubbles to be contained in a liquid; setting a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; driving a heating element capable of heating the liquid to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles; and controlling the driving to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. 14. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a heating part that includes a heating element capable of heating a liquid; a driving unit that drives the heating element to cause film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles; a concentration setting unit that sets a target concentration of the ultrafine bubbles to be contained in the liquid; a generation time setting unit that sets a target generation time required for generating a predetermined amount of the liquid having the target concentration; and a controlling unit that controls the driving unit to adjust a generation speed of the ultrafine bubbles in accordance with the target concentration and the target generation time. | 3,700 |
343,293 | 16,802,689 | 3,762 | A seal assembly includes at least one primary seal, whose ends terminate in a modified air duct that is housed in a precision bore located at the ends of the primary seal slots. The air duct functions to seal the primary seal slot ends. A slot milled in the face of the air duct allows the primary seal to pass through and terminate centrally in the air duct bore. Minimal interference between the bore and air duct prevents cooling air from escaping the bore, completing the seal. Proper specification of the length of the primary seal in conjunction with precise location of the air duct bores allows for ample thermal expansion without loss of sealing. Axial clearance between the mating bores and air duct ends provides allowance for build tolerance, thermal expansion and movements between mating nozzles including movements between corresponding vane manifold portions. | 1. A seal assembly, comprising:
a seal with a first end and a second end; and a duct including an opening configured to receive one of the first end and the second end; wherein an end of the seal is configured to extend through the opening into the duct, and configured to expand in the duct. 2. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to expand in the duct. 3. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to seal against opposing ends of the opening. 4. The seal assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second duct, wherein the second duct includes a second opening configured to receive the other one of the first end and the second end. 5. A manifold comprising:
the seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the manifold includes a seal slot that is configured to receive part of the seal. 6. The manifold of claim 5, wherein the seal is interference fit in the seal slot. 7. The manifold of claim 5, further comprising a bore connected to one end of the seal slot, wherein the bore is configured to receive the duct. 8. A manifold assembly comprising:
the manifold of claim 5; a second manifold including a second seal slot that is configured to receive another part of the seal. 9. A gas turbine comprising the manifold assembly of claim 8. 10. A seal comprising:
an elongated main body; and opposing lips connected to opposite sides of the elongated main body and extending along a length of the elongated main body; wherein the elongated main body includes a planar surface. 11. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are configured to pivot relative to the elongated main body, and wherein a back of the elongated main body and a back of the opposing lips form a recess. 12. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are self-energizing. 13. The seal of claim 10, wherein the elongated main body is planar. 14. The seal of claim 10, wherein each opposing lips includes a concavity, and the concavities face toward one another. 15. The seal of claim 10, wherein the seal includes metal. 16. A duct comprising:
a duct body with an hourglass shape; and an opening in a side of the duct body. 17. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 18. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 19. The duct of claim 16, further comprising a through hole extending through a length of the duct body. 20. The duct of claim 16, wherein the duct body includes metal. | A seal assembly includes at least one primary seal, whose ends terminate in a modified air duct that is housed in a precision bore located at the ends of the primary seal slots. The air duct functions to seal the primary seal slot ends. A slot milled in the face of the air duct allows the primary seal to pass through and terminate centrally in the air duct bore. Minimal interference between the bore and air duct prevents cooling air from escaping the bore, completing the seal. Proper specification of the length of the primary seal in conjunction with precise location of the air duct bores allows for ample thermal expansion without loss of sealing. Axial clearance between the mating bores and air duct ends provides allowance for build tolerance, thermal expansion and movements between mating nozzles including movements between corresponding vane manifold portions.1. A seal assembly, comprising:
a seal with a first end and a second end; and a duct including an opening configured to receive one of the first end and the second end; wherein an end of the seal is configured to extend through the opening into the duct, and configured to expand in the duct. 2. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to expand in the duct. 3. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to seal against opposing ends of the opening. 4. The seal assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second duct, wherein the second duct includes a second opening configured to receive the other one of the first end and the second end. 5. A manifold comprising:
the seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the manifold includes a seal slot that is configured to receive part of the seal. 6. The manifold of claim 5, wherein the seal is interference fit in the seal slot. 7. The manifold of claim 5, further comprising a bore connected to one end of the seal slot, wherein the bore is configured to receive the duct. 8. A manifold assembly comprising:
the manifold of claim 5; a second manifold including a second seal slot that is configured to receive another part of the seal. 9. A gas turbine comprising the manifold assembly of claim 8. 10. A seal comprising:
an elongated main body; and opposing lips connected to opposite sides of the elongated main body and extending along a length of the elongated main body; wherein the elongated main body includes a planar surface. 11. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are configured to pivot relative to the elongated main body, and wherein a back of the elongated main body and a back of the opposing lips form a recess. 12. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are self-energizing. 13. The seal of claim 10, wherein the elongated main body is planar. 14. The seal of claim 10, wherein each opposing lips includes a concavity, and the concavities face toward one another. 15. The seal of claim 10, wherein the seal includes metal. 16. A duct comprising:
a duct body with an hourglass shape; and an opening in a side of the duct body. 17. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 18. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 19. The duct of claim 16, further comprising a through hole extending through a length of the duct body. 20. The duct of claim 16, wherein the duct body includes metal. | 3,700 |
343,294 | 16,802,712 | 3,762 | A seal assembly includes at least one primary seal, whose ends terminate in a modified air duct that is housed in a precision bore located at the ends of the primary seal slots. The air duct functions to seal the primary seal slot ends. A slot milled in the face of the air duct allows the primary seal to pass through and terminate centrally in the air duct bore. Minimal interference between the bore and air duct prevents cooling air from escaping the bore, completing the seal. Proper specification of the length of the primary seal in conjunction with precise location of the air duct bores allows for ample thermal expansion without loss of sealing. Axial clearance between the mating bores and air duct ends provides allowance for build tolerance, thermal expansion and movements between mating nozzles including movements between corresponding vane manifold portions. | 1. A seal assembly, comprising:
a seal with a first end and a second end; and a duct including an opening configured to receive one of the first end and the second end; wherein an end of the seal is configured to extend through the opening into the duct, and configured to expand in the duct. 2. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to expand in the duct. 3. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to seal against opposing ends of the opening. 4. The seal assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second duct, wherein the second duct includes a second opening configured to receive the other one of the first end and the second end. 5. A manifold comprising:
the seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the manifold includes a seal slot that is configured to receive part of the seal. 6. The manifold of claim 5, wherein the seal is interference fit in the seal slot. 7. The manifold of claim 5, further comprising a bore connected to one end of the seal slot, wherein the bore is configured to receive the duct. 8. A manifold assembly comprising:
the manifold of claim 5; a second manifold including a second seal slot that is configured to receive another part of the seal. 9. A gas turbine comprising the manifold assembly of claim 8. 10. A seal comprising:
an elongated main body; and opposing lips connected to opposite sides of the elongated main body and extending along a length of the elongated main body; wherein the elongated main body includes a planar surface. 11. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are configured to pivot relative to the elongated main body, and wherein a back of the elongated main body and a back of the opposing lips form a recess. 12. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are self-energizing. 13. The seal of claim 10, wherein the elongated main body is planar. 14. The seal of claim 10, wherein each opposing lips includes a concavity, and the concavities face toward one another. 15. The seal of claim 10, wherein the seal includes metal. 16. A duct comprising:
a duct body with an hourglass shape; and an opening in a side of the duct body. 17. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 18. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 19. The duct of claim 16, further comprising a through hole extending through a length of the duct body. 20. The duct of claim 16, wherein the duct body includes metal. | A seal assembly includes at least one primary seal, whose ends terminate in a modified air duct that is housed in a precision bore located at the ends of the primary seal slots. The air duct functions to seal the primary seal slot ends. A slot milled in the face of the air duct allows the primary seal to pass through and terminate centrally in the air duct bore. Minimal interference between the bore and air duct prevents cooling air from escaping the bore, completing the seal. Proper specification of the length of the primary seal in conjunction with precise location of the air duct bores allows for ample thermal expansion without loss of sealing. Axial clearance between the mating bores and air duct ends provides allowance for build tolerance, thermal expansion and movements between mating nozzles including movements between corresponding vane manifold portions.1. A seal assembly, comprising:
a seal with a first end and a second end; and a duct including an opening configured to receive one of the first end and the second end; wherein an end of the seal is configured to extend through the opening into the duct, and configured to expand in the duct. 2. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to expand in the duct. 3. The seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the seal is configured to seal against opposing ends of the opening. 4. The seal assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second duct, wherein the second duct includes a second opening configured to receive the other one of the first end and the second end. 5. A manifold comprising:
the seal assembly of claim 1, wherein the manifold includes a seal slot that is configured to receive part of the seal. 6. The manifold of claim 5, wherein the seal is interference fit in the seal slot. 7. The manifold of claim 5, further comprising a bore connected to one end of the seal slot, wherein the bore is configured to receive the duct. 8. A manifold assembly comprising:
the manifold of claim 5; a second manifold including a second seal slot that is configured to receive another part of the seal. 9. A gas turbine comprising the manifold assembly of claim 8. 10. A seal comprising:
an elongated main body; and opposing lips connected to opposite sides of the elongated main body and extending along a length of the elongated main body; wherein the elongated main body includes a planar surface. 11. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are configured to pivot relative to the elongated main body, and wherein a back of the elongated main body and a back of the opposing lips form a recess. 12. The seal of claim 10, wherein the opposing lips are self-energizing. 13. The seal of claim 10, wherein the elongated main body is planar. 14. The seal of claim 10, wherein each opposing lips includes a concavity, and the concavities face toward one another. 15. The seal of claim 10, wherein the seal includes metal. 16. A duct comprising:
a duct body with an hourglass shape; and an opening in a side of the duct body. 17. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 18. The duct of claim 16, wherein each end of the duct body is spherical. 19. The duct of claim 16, further comprising a through hole extending through a length of the duct body. 20. The duct of claim 16, wherein the duct body includes metal. | 3,700 |
343,295 | 16,802,688 | 3,762 | An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid includes: an element substrate including a heating part provided with multiple heating elements, in which the element substrate is configured to suppress variation of energies inputted to the heating elements in the heating part. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid, comprising:
an element substrate including a heating part provided with a plurality of the heating elements, wherein the element substrate is configured to suppress variation of energies inputted to the heating elements in the heating part. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes an aggregate of the heating elements to which energies from an electrode pad are inputted. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
at least two or more of the heating elements are connected to the electrode pad through the same common wiring in the heating part, and the plurality of the heating elements are driven in a time division manner. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the element substrate includes a plurality of the heating parts, and in each of the plurality of the heating parts, the plurality of the heating elements are driven in the time division manner. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein shapes of the heating elements in the heating part are different depending on a positional relationship of the heating elements connected to each other through the common wiring. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a difference between resistances in the common wiring. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the heating part, the heating elements are each connected to an individual wiring. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the width or the film thickness of the common wiring is set so that, in a case where an energy for generating the film boiling by the heating element is set to a first value, energies respectively inputted to the plurality of the heating elements connected to the common wiring are set to 1.1 times or more and 3 times or less the first value. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a layer different from a layer on which the heating element is formed in the element substrate. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a back surface of the element substrate opposite to a surface on which the heating element is formed. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the electrode pad is formed on the back surface. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a generating unit in which a plurality of the element substrates are formed on a wafer. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
a plurality of groups, which include a group provided with at least two or more heating elements that are each connected to the individual wiring and are driven simultaneously, are driven in different timings in a time division manner. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
in the heating part, each of the groups includes the same number of the heating elements driven simultaneously. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the groups each provided with at least two or more heating elements driven simultaneously in the heating part are driven in timings in different time-divisions, and a voltage applied to each of the heating elements or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on the number of the heating elements driven simultaneously in each timing. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a monitoring unit that monitors a resistance of the heating elements in the heating part, wherein a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a result of the monitoring by the monitoring unit. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
in the heating part, a plurality of the heating elements driven simultaneously on the same wiring are connected in series. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
in each of the heating elements connected in series, a length of a resistance pattern in a current flow direction is smaller than a width of the resistance pattern. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a unit for making energy constant that makes an energy applied to each of the plurality of the heating elements or each of a predetermined number of the heating elements constant, in the heating part. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the unit for making energy constant maintains a voltage or a current constant in two ends or one end of each of the heating elements. | An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid includes: an element substrate including a heating part provided with multiple heating elements, in which the element substrate is configured to suppress variation of energies inputted to the heating elements in the heating part.1. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element to generate film boiling in a liquid, comprising:
an element substrate including a heating part provided with a plurality of the heating elements, wherein the element substrate is configured to suppress variation of energies inputted to the heating elements in the heating part. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part includes an aggregate of the heating elements to which energies from an electrode pad are inputted. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
at least two or more of the heating elements are connected to the electrode pad through the same common wiring in the heating part, and the plurality of the heating elements are driven in a time division manner. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the element substrate includes a plurality of the heating parts, and in each of the plurality of the heating parts, the plurality of the heating elements are driven in the time division manner. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein shapes of the heating elements in the heating part are different depending on a positional relationship of the heating elements connected to each other through the common wiring. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a difference between resistances in the common wiring. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the heating part, the heating elements are each connected to an individual wiring. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the width or the film thickness of the common wiring is set so that, in a case where an energy for generating the film boiling by the heating element is set to a first value, energies respectively inputted to the plurality of the heating elements connected to the common wiring are set to 1.1 times or more and 3 times or less the first value. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a layer different from a layer on which the heating element is formed in the element substrate. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the common wiring is formed on a back surface of the element substrate opposite to a surface on which the heating element is formed. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the electrode pad is formed on the back surface. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a generating unit in which a plurality of the element substrates are formed on a wafer. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
a plurality of groups, which include a group provided with at least two or more heating elements that are each connected to the individual wiring and are driven simultaneously, are driven in different timings in a time division manner. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
in the heating part, each of the groups includes the same number of the heating elements driven simultaneously. 15. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the groups each provided with at least two or more heating elements driven simultaneously in the heating part are driven in timings in different time-divisions, and a voltage applied to each of the heating elements or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on the number of the heating elements driven simultaneously in each timing. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a monitoring unit that monitors a resistance of the heating elements in the heating part, wherein a voltage applied to each of the heating elements in the time division manner or a time length in which the heating elements are driven is changed depending on a result of the monitoring by the monitoring unit. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
in the heating part, a plurality of the heating elements driven simultaneously on the same wiring are connected in series. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
in each of the heating elements connected in series, a length of a resistance pattern in a current flow direction is smaller than a width of the resistance pattern. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a unit for making energy constant that makes an energy applied to each of the plurality of the heating elements or each of a predetermined number of the heating elements constant, in the heating part. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the unit for making energy constant maintains a voltage or a current constant in two ends or one end of each of the heating elements. | 3,700 |
343,296 | 16,802,701 | 3,762 | An atomic oscillator includes: an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are accommodated; a light-emitting element that emits light beams for exciting the alkali metal atoms toward the atom cell; a shield that includes a first member, a second member, and a high thermal resistance portion and accommodates the atom cell, the first member and the second member being members having a magnetic shielding property, and the high thermal resistance portion being provided between the first member and the second member and having a thermal resistance higher than thermal resistances of the first member and the second member; a temperature control element that controls a temperature of the first member; a heater that is thermally coupled to the second member; and a light-receiving element that receives light beams passing through the atom cell. | 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:
an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are accommodated; a light-emitting element that emits light beams for exciting the alkali metal atoms toward the atom cell; a shield that includes a first member, a second member, and a high thermal resistance portion and accommodates the atom cell, the first member and the second member being members having a magnetic shielding property, and the high thermal resistance portion being provided between the first member and the second member and having a thermal resistance higher than thermal resistances of the first member and the second member; a temperature control element that controls a temperature of the first member; a heater that is thermally coupled to the second member; and a light-receiving element that receives light beams passing through the atom cell. 2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first holding member that is thermally coupled to a first portion of the atom cell and the first member and holds the atom cell; and a second holding member that is thermally coupled to a second portion of the atom cell and the second member and holds the atom cell, the second portion being different from the first portion. 3. The atomic oscillator according to claim 2, wherein
alkali metal atoms in a liquid state or a solid state are accommodated in the first portion. 4. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
the first member includes an opening, the second member includes a wall coupled to the heater, and the wall faces the opening. 5. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
the shield is a hexahedron, and at least one of the first member and the second member includes two surfaces facing each other and a surface coupling the two surfaces among six surfaces of the shield. 6. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first member and the second member is covered with a heat transfer layer. 7. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
the high thermal resistance portion includes at least one of a gap between the first member and the second member, a coupling portion that couples the first member and the second member and is thinner than a wall thickness of the first member and the second member, and a member that is disposed between the first member and the second member and has a thermal conductivity lower than thermal conductivity of the first member and the second member. 8. A frequency signal generation system comprising:
an atomic oscillator; and a processor that processes a frequency signal from the atomic oscillator, wherein the atomic oscillator includes
an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are accommodated,
a light-emitting element that emits light beams for exciting the alkali metal atoms toward the atom cell,
a shield that includes a first member, a second member, and a high thermal resistance portion and accommodates the atom cell, the first member and the second member being members having a magnetic shielding property, and the high thermal resistance portion being provided between the first member and the second member and having a thermal resistance higher than thermal resistances of the first member and the second member,
a temperature control element that changes a temperature of the first member,
a heater that is thermally coupled to the second member, and
a light-receiving element that receives light beams passing through the atom cell. | An atomic oscillator includes: an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are accommodated; a light-emitting element that emits light beams for exciting the alkali metal atoms toward the atom cell; a shield that includes a first member, a second member, and a high thermal resistance portion and accommodates the atom cell, the first member and the second member being members having a magnetic shielding property, and the high thermal resistance portion being provided between the first member and the second member and having a thermal resistance higher than thermal resistances of the first member and the second member; a temperature control element that controls a temperature of the first member; a heater that is thermally coupled to the second member; and a light-receiving element that receives light beams passing through the atom cell.1. An atomic oscillator comprising:
an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are accommodated; a light-emitting element that emits light beams for exciting the alkali metal atoms toward the atom cell; a shield that includes a first member, a second member, and a high thermal resistance portion and accommodates the atom cell, the first member and the second member being members having a magnetic shielding property, and the high thermal resistance portion being provided between the first member and the second member and having a thermal resistance higher than thermal resistances of the first member and the second member; a temperature control element that controls a temperature of the first member; a heater that is thermally coupled to the second member; and a light-receiving element that receives light beams passing through the atom cell. 2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first holding member that is thermally coupled to a first portion of the atom cell and the first member and holds the atom cell; and a second holding member that is thermally coupled to a second portion of the atom cell and the second member and holds the atom cell, the second portion being different from the first portion. 3. The atomic oscillator according to claim 2, wherein
alkali metal atoms in a liquid state or a solid state are accommodated in the first portion. 4. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
the first member includes an opening, the second member includes a wall coupled to the heater, and the wall faces the opening. 5. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
the shield is a hexahedron, and at least one of the first member and the second member includes two surfaces facing each other and a surface coupling the two surfaces among six surfaces of the shield. 6. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first member and the second member is covered with a heat transfer layer. 7. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1, wherein
the high thermal resistance portion includes at least one of a gap between the first member and the second member, a coupling portion that couples the first member and the second member and is thinner than a wall thickness of the first member and the second member, and a member that is disposed between the first member and the second member and has a thermal conductivity lower than thermal conductivity of the first member and the second member. 8. A frequency signal generation system comprising:
an atomic oscillator; and a processor that processes a frequency signal from the atomic oscillator, wherein the atomic oscillator includes
an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are accommodated,
a light-emitting element that emits light beams for exciting the alkali metal atoms toward the atom cell,
a shield that includes a first member, a second member, and a high thermal resistance portion and accommodates the atom cell, the first member and the second member being members having a magnetic shielding property, and the high thermal resistance portion being provided between the first member and the second member and having a thermal resistance higher than thermal resistances of the first member and the second member,
a temperature control element that changes a temperature of the first member,
a heater that is thermally coupled to the second member, and
a light-receiving element that receives light beams passing through the atom cell. | 3,700 |
343,297 | 16,802,705 | 3,762 | A system for diagnosing and repairing vehicles is provided. An example apparatus includes a vehicle interface configured to transmit one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle and retrieve an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes from the adaptor. The apparatus includes a communication module configured to transmit the diagnostic trouble codes to a remote server along with a user identifier or a vehicle identification number, and receive repair information from the remote server. The apparatus further includes a user interface configured to receive user requests for information and to display information regarding the adaptor, the vehicle information, the one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and/or the repair information. Finally, the apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the user interface, and the memory. | 1. An apparatus for vehicle maintenance, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle interface configured to:
send, via a wireless transmission, one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle, and
retrieve, from the adaptor via a wireless transmission, vehicle identification data of the vehicle, and an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle;
a communication module configured to:
transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the apparatus,
receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier,
transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data, and
receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; and
one or more memory storage areas; and a user interface configured to:
display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle, and
receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data,
display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and
a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the one or more memory storage areas, and the user interface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a tablet computing device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle interface is further configured to:
identify one or more adaptors with which the apparatus may communicate, wherein the adaptor connected to the vehicle is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; and establish a connection between the apparatus and the adaptor based on the adaptor being located at a first physical location and connected to the vehicle. 11. A computer-readable storage device for vehicle maintenance, the computer-readable storage device storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
send a wireless transmission including one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including vehicle identification data of the vehicle; transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the computing device; receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier; transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data; receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle; receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data. 12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computing device comprises a tablet computing device. 13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display historical sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to, prior to transmitting the one or more instructions to the adaptor:
identify one or more adaptors with which the computing device may communicate, wherein the adaptor is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; display selectable elements representing each of the one or more adaptors; receive, via selection of one of the selectable elements representing the adaptor, a user request to establish a connection with the adaptor; determine whether the one or more adaptors are connected to respective vehicles; and in response to receiving the user request, establish a connection between the computing device and the adaptor. | A system for diagnosing and repairing vehicles is provided. An example apparatus includes a vehicle interface configured to transmit one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle and retrieve an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes from the adaptor. The apparatus includes a communication module configured to transmit the diagnostic trouble codes to a remote server along with a user identifier or a vehicle identification number, and receive repair information from the remote server. The apparatus further includes a user interface configured to receive user requests for information and to display information regarding the adaptor, the vehicle information, the one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and/or the repair information. Finally, the apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the user interface, and the memory.1. An apparatus for vehicle maintenance, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle interface configured to:
send, via a wireless transmission, one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle, and
retrieve, from the adaptor via a wireless transmission, vehicle identification data of the vehicle, and an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle;
a communication module configured to:
transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the apparatus,
receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier,
transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data, and
receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; and
one or more memory storage areas; and a user interface configured to:
display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle, and
receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data,
display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and
a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the one or more memory storage areas, and the user interface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a tablet computing device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle interface is further configured to:
identify one or more adaptors with which the apparatus may communicate, wherein the adaptor connected to the vehicle is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; and establish a connection between the apparatus and the adaptor based on the adaptor being located at a first physical location and connected to the vehicle. 11. A computer-readable storage device for vehicle maintenance, the computer-readable storage device storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
send a wireless transmission including one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including vehicle identification data of the vehicle; transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the computing device; receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier; transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data; receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle; receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data. 12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computing device comprises a tablet computing device. 13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display historical sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to, prior to transmitting the one or more instructions to the adaptor:
identify one or more adaptors with which the computing device may communicate, wherein the adaptor is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; display selectable elements representing each of the one or more adaptors; receive, via selection of one of the selectable elements representing the adaptor, a user request to establish a connection with the adaptor; determine whether the one or more adaptors are connected to respective vehicles; and in response to receiving the user request, establish a connection between the computing device and the adaptor. | 3,700 |
343,298 | 16,802,684 | 3,762 | A system for diagnosing and repairing vehicles is provided. An example apparatus includes a vehicle interface configured to transmit one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle and retrieve an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes from the adaptor. The apparatus includes a communication module configured to transmit the diagnostic trouble codes to a remote server along with a user identifier or a vehicle identification number, and receive repair information from the remote server. The apparatus further includes a user interface configured to receive user requests for information and to display information regarding the adaptor, the vehicle information, the one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and/or the repair information. Finally, the apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the user interface, and the memory. | 1. An apparatus for vehicle maintenance, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle interface configured to:
send, via a wireless transmission, one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle, and
retrieve, from the adaptor via a wireless transmission, vehicle identification data of the vehicle, and an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle;
a communication module configured to:
transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the apparatus,
receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier,
transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data, and
receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; and
one or more memory storage areas; and a user interface configured to:
display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle, and
receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data,
display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and
a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the one or more memory storage areas, and the user interface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a tablet computing device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle interface is further configured to:
identify one or more adaptors with which the apparatus may communicate, wherein the adaptor connected to the vehicle is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; and establish a connection between the apparatus and the adaptor based on the adaptor being located at a first physical location and connected to the vehicle. 11. A computer-readable storage device for vehicle maintenance, the computer-readable storage device storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
send a wireless transmission including one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including vehicle identification data of the vehicle; transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the computing device; receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier; transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data; receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle; receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data. 12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computing device comprises a tablet computing device. 13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display historical sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to, prior to transmitting the one or more instructions to the adaptor:
identify one or more adaptors with which the computing device may communicate, wherein the adaptor is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; display selectable elements representing each of the one or more adaptors; receive, via selection of one of the selectable elements representing the adaptor, a user request to establish a connection with the adaptor; determine whether the one or more adaptors are connected to respective vehicles; and in response to receiving the user request, establish a connection between the computing device and the adaptor. | A system for diagnosing and repairing vehicles is provided. An example apparatus includes a vehicle interface configured to transmit one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle and retrieve an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes from the adaptor. The apparatus includes a communication module configured to transmit the diagnostic trouble codes to a remote server along with a user identifier or a vehicle identification number, and receive repair information from the remote server. The apparatus further includes a user interface configured to receive user requests for information and to display information regarding the adaptor, the vehicle information, the one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and/or the repair information. Finally, the apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the user interface, and the memory.1. An apparatus for vehicle maintenance, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle interface configured to:
send, via a wireless transmission, one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle, and
retrieve, from the adaptor via a wireless transmission, vehicle identification data of the vehicle, and an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle;
a communication module configured to:
transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the apparatus,
receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier,
transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data, and
receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; and
one or more memory storage areas; and a user interface configured to:
display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle, and
receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data,
display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and
a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the one or more memory storage areas, and the user interface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a tablet computing device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle interface is further configured to:
identify one or more adaptors with which the apparatus may communicate, wherein the adaptor connected to the vehicle is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; and establish a connection between the apparatus and the adaptor based on the adaptor being located at a first physical location and connected to the vehicle. 11. A computer-readable storage device for vehicle maintenance, the computer-readable storage device storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
send a wireless transmission including one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including vehicle identification data of the vehicle; transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the computing device; receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier; transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data; receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle; receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data. 12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computing device comprises a tablet computing device. 13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display historical sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to, prior to transmitting the one or more instructions to the adaptor:
identify one or more adaptors with which the computing device may communicate, wherein the adaptor is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; display selectable elements representing each of the one or more adaptors; receive, via selection of one of the selectable elements representing the adaptor, a user request to establish a connection with the adaptor; determine whether the one or more adaptors are connected to respective vehicles; and in response to receiving the user request, establish a connection between the computing device and the adaptor. | 3,700 |
343,299 | 16,802,707 | 3,653 | A system for diagnosing and repairing vehicles is provided. An example apparatus includes a vehicle interface configured to transmit one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle and retrieve an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes from the adaptor. The apparatus includes a communication module configured to transmit the diagnostic trouble codes to a remote server along with a user identifier or a vehicle identification number, and receive repair information from the remote server. The apparatus further includes a user interface configured to receive user requests for information and to display information regarding the adaptor, the vehicle information, the one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and/or the repair information. Finally, the apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the user interface, and the memory. | 1. An apparatus for vehicle maintenance, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle interface configured to:
send, via a wireless transmission, one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle, and
retrieve, from the adaptor via a wireless transmission, vehicle identification data of the vehicle, and an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle;
a communication module configured to:
transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the apparatus,
receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier,
transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data, and
receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; and
one or more memory storage areas; and a user interface configured to:
display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle, and
receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data,
display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and
a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the one or more memory storage areas, and the user interface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a tablet computing device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle interface is further configured to:
identify one or more adaptors with which the apparatus may communicate, wherein the adaptor connected to the vehicle is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; and establish a connection between the apparatus and the adaptor based on the adaptor being located at a first physical location and connected to the vehicle. 11. A computer-readable storage device for vehicle maintenance, the computer-readable storage device storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
send a wireless transmission including one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including vehicle identification data of the vehicle; transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the computing device; receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier; transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data; receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle; receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data. 12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computing device comprises a tablet computing device. 13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display historical sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to, prior to transmitting the one or more instructions to the adaptor:
identify one or more adaptors with which the computing device may communicate, wherein the adaptor is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; display selectable elements representing each of the one or more adaptors; receive, via selection of one of the selectable elements representing the adaptor, a user request to establish a connection with the adaptor; determine whether the one or more adaptors are connected to respective vehicles; and in response to receiving the user request, establish a connection between the computing device and the adaptor. | A system for diagnosing and repairing vehicles is provided. An example apparatus includes a vehicle interface configured to transmit one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle and retrieve an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes from the adaptor. The apparatus includes a communication module configured to transmit the diagnostic trouble codes to a remote server along with a user identifier or a vehicle identification number, and receive repair information from the remote server. The apparatus further includes a user interface configured to receive user requests for information and to display information regarding the adaptor, the vehicle information, the one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and/or the repair information. Finally, the apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the user interface, and the memory.1. An apparatus for vehicle maintenance, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle interface configured to:
send, via a wireless transmission, one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle, and
retrieve, from the adaptor via a wireless transmission, vehicle identification data of the vehicle, and an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle;
a communication module configured to:
transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the apparatus,
receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier,
transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data, and
receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; and
one or more memory storage areas; and a user interface configured to:
display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle, and
receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data,
display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and
a processor configured to control the vehicle interface, the communication module, the one or more memory storage areas, and the user interface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a tablet computing device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the user interface is further configured to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle interface is further configured to:
identify one or more adaptors with which the apparatus may communicate, wherein the adaptor connected to the vehicle is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; and establish a connection between the apparatus and the adaptor based on the adaptor being located at a first physical location and connected to the vehicle. 11. A computer-readable storage device for vehicle maintenance, the computer-readable storage device storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
send a wireless transmission including one or more instructions to an adaptor connected to a vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including an indication of diagnostic data of the vehicle; retrieve, from the adaptor, a wireless transmission including vehicle identification data of the vehicle; transmit, to a remote server, the vehicle identification data of the vehicle or a user identifier associated with the computing device; receive, from the remote server, historical information regarding the user identifier; transmit, to the remote server, the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data; receive, from the remote server, maintenance information based on the diagnostic data, the user identifier, or the vehicle identification data; display selectable elements each relating to a portion of the diagnostic data of the vehicle; receive, via selection of a displayed selectable element, a user request for information regarding a corresponding portion of the diagnostic data; and display a portion of the maintenance information received from the remote server relating to the corresponding portion of the diagnostic data. 12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computing device comprises a tablet computing device. 13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
receive, from the remote server, diagnostic predictions in response to transmission of the retrieved indication of the diagnostic data and at least one of the user identifier or the vehicle identification data. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises at least one of: an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, an indication of one or more parameter IDs, or an indication of sensor data generated by one or more vehicle sensors. 15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises an indication of sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display historical sensor data generated by the one or more vehicle sensors. 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle further comprises an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes, and wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to:
graphically display sensor data relating to displayed one or more diagnostic trouble codes. 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises freeze frame data comprising an indication of one or more diagnostic trouble codes and sensor data occurring at the time the one or more diagnostic trouble codes were initiated. 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the diagnostic data of the vehicle comprises emissions monitoring data relating to one or more monitors of vehicle systems. 19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the vehicle identification data comprises at least one of (a) a vehicle identification number or (b) year, make, model, or engine information. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, further cause the computing device to, prior to transmitting the one or more instructions to the adaptor:
identify one or more adaptors with which the computing device may communicate, wherein the adaptor is embodied as one of the one or more adaptors; display selectable elements representing each of the one or more adaptors; receive, via selection of one of the selectable elements representing the adaptor, a user request to establish a connection with the adaptor; determine whether the one or more adaptors are connected to respective vehicles; and in response to receiving the user request, establish a connection between the computing device and the adaptor. | 3,600 |
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