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343,000 | 16,642,719 | 2,894 | A transpallet is provided for ground handling of goods stored on a support platform, comprising at least one motorized wheel, an electromechanical parking braking system of the wheel adapted to take on a stop configuration when not energized and a release configuration when energized and an electric power supply assembly adapted to supply electric power to the motorized wheel and to the electromechanical parking braking system. An on-board electronic control unit is arranged for the selective handling of the transpallet movement in a motorized mode of movement, a manual mode of movement or a stop mode, depending on the charge level of the electric power supply assembly. | 1. A transpallet for ground handling of goods stored on a support platform, the transpallet comprising a support frame for a load, provided with a pair of front arms for gripping and lifting the support platform and a control assembly of the transpallet, including at least one wheel, a hydraulic or pneumatic drive unit, and a driving tiller coupled to the at least one wheel and the hydraulic or pneumatic drive unit, respectively, for directional maneuvering the transpallet and raising or lowering the support frame,
wherein the at least one wheel is a motorized wheel; and wherein the transpallet further comprises:
an electromechanical parking braking system, arranged to prevent or allow rotation of the at least one wheel, adapted to take on a stop configuration when not energized and a release configuration when energized;
an electric power supply assembly, adapted to supply electric power to the at least one motorized wheel and to the electromechanical parking braking system; and
an on board electronic control unit, arranged for selective handling of transpallet movement in a motorized mode of movement, a manual mode of movement, or a stop mode,
wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged for:
checking whether a charge level of the electric power supply assembly is greater than a first predetermined threshold level, whereby, in the affirmative, the on board electronic control unit is arranged for providing electric power to the at least one motorized wheel and the electromechanical parking braking system for implementing the motorized mode of movement,
in case the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than the first predetermined threshold level, checking whether the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is greater than a second predetermined threshold level lower than the first predetermined threshold level, whereby, in the affirmative, the on board electronic control unit is arranged to exclude electric power to the at least one motorized wheel and to provide electric power to the electromechanical parking braking system to implement the manual mode of movement, and
in case the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than the second predetermined threshold level, excluding electrical power to the at least one motorized wheel and the electromechanical parking braking system for implementing the stop mode. 2. The transpallet of claim 1, wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged to check whether the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than a third predetermined threshold level, intermediate between the first predetermined threshold level and second predetermined threshold level, whereby, in the affirmative, the on board electronic control unit is arranged to provide a signal of a forthcoming exclusion of electric power to the electromechanical parking braking system within a predetermined time interval. 3. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising selecting an operating mode operable by an operator, wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged to exclude electrical power to the at least one motorized wheel and to the electromechanical parking braking system if the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than the first predetermined threshold level and greater than the second predetermined threshold level, and if the on board electronic control unit has not detected a setting of the manual mode of movement. 4. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising a pair of motorized wheels, each motorized wheel including a synchronous electric motor and a gearbox housed inside the wheel. 5. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising starting devices for electric connection of the electric power supply assembly to the at least one motorized wheel and the electromechanical parking braking system. 6. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising an accelerator device, adapted to transmit a transpallet acceleration or deceleration signal to the on board electronic control unit, arranged to provide a corresponding electric power to the at least one motorized wheel. 7. The transpallet of claim 6, wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged to adjust a travel speed of the transpallet as a function of the acceleration or deceleration signal transmitted by the accelerator device and to control a counter-current electric braking up to stop the transpallet when the acceleration or deceleration signal fails. 8. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising one or more sensors for detecting a driving tiller inclination relative to a predetermined reference direction, adapted to transmit a drive approval signal to the on board electronic control unit arranged to provide a corresponding electrical power to the electromechanical parking braking system. 9. The transpallet of claim 8, wherein the electronic control unit is arranged to:
not energize the electromechanical parking braking system so as to cause a stop configuration of the at least one wheel for a first angular threshold position of a driving tiller between a rest position and a first operational angular threshold position; energize the electromechanical parking braking system so as to determine switching from the stop configuration of the at least one wheel to a release configuration of the at least one wheel for a second angular threshold position of the driving tiller comprised between the first operational angular threshold position and a second operational angular threshold position; and not energize the electromechanical parking braking system so as to determine the switching from the release configuration of the at least one wheel to the stop configuration of the at least one wheel for a third angular threshold position of the driving tiller between the second operational angular threshold position and an end-of-stroke angular position. 10. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising emergency stop system, adapted to transmit a signal of inverting the current direction of travel of the transpallet to the on board electronic control unit arranged to provide a corresponding electric power to the at least one motorized wheel. | A transpallet is provided for ground handling of goods stored on a support platform, comprising at least one motorized wheel, an electromechanical parking braking system of the wheel adapted to take on a stop configuration when not energized and a release configuration when energized and an electric power supply assembly adapted to supply electric power to the motorized wheel and to the electromechanical parking braking system. An on-board electronic control unit is arranged for the selective handling of the transpallet movement in a motorized mode of movement, a manual mode of movement or a stop mode, depending on the charge level of the electric power supply assembly.1. A transpallet for ground handling of goods stored on a support platform, the transpallet comprising a support frame for a load, provided with a pair of front arms for gripping and lifting the support platform and a control assembly of the transpallet, including at least one wheel, a hydraulic or pneumatic drive unit, and a driving tiller coupled to the at least one wheel and the hydraulic or pneumatic drive unit, respectively, for directional maneuvering the transpallet and raising or lowering the support frame,
wherein the at least one wheel is a motorized wheel; and wherein the transpallet further comprises:
an electromechanical parking braking system, arranged to prevent or allow rotation of the at least one wheel, adapted to take on a stop configuration when not energized and a release configuration when energized;
an electric power supply assembly, adapted to supply electric power to the at least one motorized wheel and to the electromechanical parking braking system; and
an on board electronic control unit, arranged for selective handling of transpallet movement in a motorized mode of movement, a manual mode of movement, or a stop mode,
wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged for:
checking whether a charge level of the electric power supply assembly is greater than a first predetermined threshold level, whereby, in the affirmative, the on board electronic control unit is arranged for providing electric power to the at least one motorized wheel and the electromechanical parking braking system for implementing the motorized mode of movement,
in case the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than the first predetermined threshold level, checking whether the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is greater than a second predetermined threshold level lower than the first predetermined threshold level, whereby, in the affirmative, the on board electronic control unit is arranged to exclude electric power to the at least one motorized wheel and to provide electric power to the electromechanical parking braking system to implement the manual mode of movement, and
in case the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than the second predetermined threshold level, excluding electrical power to the at least one motorized wheel and the electromechanical parking braking system for implementing the stop mode. 2. The transpallet of claim 1, wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged to check whether the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than a third predetermined threshold level, intermediate between the first predetermined threshold level and second predetermined threshold level, whereby, in the affirmative, the on board electronic control unit is arranged to provide a signal of a forthcoming exclusion of electric power to the electromechanical parking braking system within a predetermined time interval. 3. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising selecting an operating mode operable by an operator, wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged to exclude electrical power to the at least one motorized wheel and to the electromechanical parking braking system if the charge level of the electric power supply assembly is lower than the first predetermined threshold level and greater than the second predetermined threshold level, and if the on board electronic control unit has not detected a setting of the manual mode of movement. 4. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising a pair of motorized wheels, each motorized wheel including a synchronous electric motor and a gearbox housed inside the wheel. 5. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising starting devices for electric connection of the electric power supply assembly to the at least one motorized wheel and the electromechanical parking braking system. 6. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising an accelerator device, adapted to transmit a transpallet acceleration or deceleration signal to the on board electronic control unit, arranged to provide a corresponding electric power to the at least one motorized wheel. 7. The transpallet of claim 6, wherein the on board electronic control unit is arranged to adjust a travel speed of the transpallet as a function of the acceleration or deceleration signal transmitted by the accelerator device and to control a counter-current electric braking up to stop the transpallet when the acceleration or deceleration signal fails. 8. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising one or more sensors for detecting a driving tiller inclination relative to a predetermined reference direction, adapted to transmit a drive approval signal to the on board electronic control unit arranged to provide a corresponding electrical power to the electromechanical parking braking system. 9. The transpallet of claim 8, wherein the electronic control unit is arranged to:
not energize the electromechanical parking braking system so as to cause a stop configuration of the at least one wheel for a first angular threshold position of a driving tiller between a rest position and a first operational angular threshold position; energize the electromechanical parking braking system so as to determine switching from the stop configuration of the at least one wheel to a release configuration of the at least one wheel for a second angular threshold position of the driving tiller comprised between the first operational angular threshold position and a second operational angular threshold position; and not energize the electromechanical parking braking system so as to determine the switching from the release configuration of the at least one wheel to the stop configuration of the at least one wheel for a third angular threshold position of the driving tiller between the second operational angular threshold position and an end-of-stroke angular position. 10. The transpallet of claim 1, comprising emergency stop system, adapted to transmit a signal of inverting the current direction of travel of the transpallet to the on board electronic control unit arranged to provide a corresponding electric power to the at least one motorized wheel. | 2,800 |
343,001 | 16,642,728 | 2,894 | An internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders is a drive device in which the drive torque available can be reduced. The ignition timing which is set at the internal combustion engine is adjusted in the retarded direction starting from an initial ignition timing until the ignition timing corresponds to a threshold ignition timing. To reduce the drive torque further, at least one cylinder, among the plurality of cylinders, is deactivated by suspending fuel injection into the cylinder, and the remaining cylinder(s) continue to be operated with fuel injection using the ignition timing. The remaining cylinders of the internal combustion engine which continue to be operated are supplied with a quantity of fuel which is larger in comparison with an initial quantity of fuel present before the cylinder deactivation, to set a substoichiometric fuel/oxygen ratio. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for operating a drive device, including an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders, to reduce a drive torque produced by the internal combustion engine, comprising:
adjusting ignition timing set at the internal combustion engine in a retarded direction starting from an initial ignition time until the ignition timing corresponds to a threshold ignition timing; deactivating at least one cylinder, among the plurality of cylinders, by suspending fuel injection into the cylinder; continuing to operate each remaining cylinder, not deactivated, using the ignition timing and supplying each remaining cylinder of the internal combustion engine with a subsequent quantity of fuel larger than an initial quantity of fuel supplied before cylinder deactivation, thereby setting a substoichiometric fuel/oxygen ratio. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising supplying each remaining cylinder with a quantity of oxygen equal to an initial quantity of oxygen supplied before the cylinder deactivation. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising, during the cylinder deactivation, feeding fresh gas through the at least one deactivated cylinder and discharging as exhaust gas. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
combining the exhaust gas of all cylinders downstream of outlet valves; and determining the subsequent quantity of fuel supplied during the cylinder deactivation so that the exhaust gas has a stoichiometric composition or the subsequent quantity of fuel is a maximum quantity of fuel. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
supplying the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to an exhaust gas purification device; determining a temperature in the exhaust gas purification device , and, when a limiting value is exceeded by the temperature, at least one of
reducing the subsequent quantity of fuel to be closer to the initial quantity of fuel,
increasing a supplied quantity of fresh gas supplied to the internal combustion engine,
adjusting the ignition in an earlier direction, opposite the retarded direction, starting from the threshold ignition timing, and
deactivating another cylinder. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising supplying the internal combustion engine with the subsequent quantity of fuel in an enrichment time period, at least one of starting before the cylinder deactivation and ending after the cylinder deactivation. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising initiating the enrichment time period when a change in torque is predicted based on at least one operating parameter of the drive device. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising predicting the change in torque upon at least one of an operating time approaches a transmission shift point and a tire slip approaches a slip limit. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising ending the enrichment time period after the cylinder deactivation ends, as soon as an oxygen filling level of an oxygen accumulator of the exhaust gas purification device has reached a setpoint filling level. 20. The method according to claim 11, further comprising, during the cylinder deactivation, feeding fresh gas through the at least one deactivated cylinder and discharging as exhaust gas. 21. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
combining exhaust gas of all cylinders downstream of outlet valves; and determining the subsequent quantity of fuel supplied during the cylinder deactivation so that the exhaust gas has a stoichiometric composition or the subsequent quantity of fuel is a maximum quantity of fuel. 22. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
supplying exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to an exhaust gas purification device; determining a temperature in the exhaust gas purification device, and, when a limiting value is exceeded by the temperature, at least one of
reducing the subsequent quantity of fuel to be closer to the initial quantity of fuel,
increasing a supplied quantity of fresh gas supplied to the internal combustion engine,
adjusting the ignition in an earlier direction, opposite the retarded direction, starting from the threshold ignition timing, and
deactivating another cylinder. 23. The method according to claim 11, further comprising supplying the internal combustion engine with the subsequent quantity of fuel in an enrichment time period, at least one of starting before the cylinder deactivation and ending after the cylinder deactivation. 24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising initiating the enrichment time period when a change in torque is predicted based on at least one operating parameter of the drive device. 25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising predicting the change in torque upon at least one of an operating time approaches a transmission shift point and a tire slip approaches a slip limit. 26. The method according to claim 23, further comprising ending the enrichment time period after the cylinder deactivation ends, as soon as an oxygen filling level of an oxygen accumulator of the exhaust gas purification device has reached a setpoint filling level. 27. A drive device, comprising:
an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders; and an engine controller to reduce a drive torque produced by the internal combustion engine, by
adjusting an ignition timing, set at the internal combustion engine, in a retarded direction, starting from an initial ignition timing, until the ignition timing corresponds to a threshold ignition;
deactivating at least one cylinder, among a plurality of cylinders, by suspending fuel injection into the cylinder, and
continuing to operate each remaining cylinder, not deactivated, using the ignition timing and supplying each remaining cylinder of the internal combustion engine with a subsequent quantity of fuel larger than an initial quantity of fuel supplied before cylinder deactivation, thereby setting a substoichiometric fuel/oxygen ratio. | An internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders is a drive device in which the drive torque available can be reduced. The ignition timing which is set at the internal combustion engine is adjusted in the retarded direction starting from an initial ignition timing until the ignition timing corresponds to a threshold ignition timing. To reduce the drive torque further, at least one cylinder, among the plurality of cylinders, is deactivated by suspending fuel injection into the cylinder, and the remaining cylinder(s) continue to be operated with fuel injection using the ignition timing. The remaining cylinders of the internal combustion engine which continue to be operated are supplied with a quantity of fuel which is larger in comparison with an initial quantity of fuel present before the cylinder deactivation, to set a substoichiometric fuel/oxygen ratio.1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for operating a drive device, including an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders, to reduce a drive torque produced by the internal combustion engine, comprising:
adjusting ignition timing set at the internal combustion engine in a retarded direction starting from an initial ignition time until the ignition timing corresponds to a threshold ignition timing; deactivating at least one cylinder, among the plurality of cylinders, by suspending fuel injection into the cylinder; continuing to operate each remaining cylinder, not deactivated, using the ignition timing and supplying each remaining cylinder of the internal combustion engine with a subsequent quantity of fuel larger than an initial quantity of fuel supplied before cylinder deactivation, thereby setting a substoichiometric fuel/oxygen ratio. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising supplying each remaining cylinder with a quantity of oxygen equal to an initial quantity of oxygen supplied before the cylinder deactivation. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising, during the cylinder deactivation, feeding fresh gas through the at least one deactivated cylinder and discharging as exhaust gas. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
combining the exhaust gas of all cylinders downstream of outlet valves; and determining the subsequent quantity of fuel supplied during the cylinder deactivation so that the exhaust gas has a stoichiometric composition or the subsequent quantity of fuel is a maximum quantity of fuel. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
supplying the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to an exhaust gas purification device; determining a temperature in the exhaust gas purification device , and, when a limiting value is exceeded by the temperature, at least one of
reducing the subsequent quantity of fuel to be closer to the initial quantity of fuel,
increasing a supplied quantity of fresh gas supplied to the internal combustion engine,
adjusting the ignition in an earlier direction, opposite the retarded direction, starting from the threshold ignition timing, and
deactivating another cylinder. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising supplying the internal combustion engine with the subsequent quantity of fuel in an enrichment time period, at least one of starting before the cylinder deactivation and ending after the cylinder deactivation. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising initiating the enrichment time period when a change in torque is predicted based on at least one operating parameter of the drive device. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising predicting the change in torque upon at least one of an operating time approaches a transmission shift point and a tire slip approaches a slip limit. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising ending the enrichment time period after the cylinder deactivation ends, as soon as an oxygen filling level of an oxygen accumulator of the exhaust gas purification device has reached a setpoint filling level. 20. The method according to claim 11, further comprising, during the cylinder deactivation, feeding fresh gas through the at least one deactivated cylinder and discharging as exhaust gas. 21. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
combining exhaust gas of all cylinders downstream of outlet valves; and determining the subsequent quantity of fuel supplied during the cylinder deactivation so that the exhaust gas has a stoichiometric composition or the subsequent quantity of fuel is a maximum quantity of fuel. 22. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
supplying exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to an exhaust gas purification device; determining a temperature in the exhaust gas purification device, and, when a limiting value is exceeded by the temperature, at least one of
reducing the subsequent quantity of fuel to be closer to the initial quantity of fuel,
increasing a supplied quantity of fresh gas supplied to the internal combustion engine,
adjusting the ignition in an earlier direction, opposite the retarded direction, starting from the threshold ignition timing, and
deactivating another cylinder. 23. The method according to claim 11, further comprising supplying the internal combustion engine with the subsequent quantity of fuel in an enrichment time period, at least one of starting before the cylinder deactivation and ending after the cylinder deactivation. 24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising initiating the enrichment time period when a change in torque is predicted based on at least one operating parameter of the drive device. 25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising predicting the change in torque upon at least one of an operating time approaches a transmission shift point and a tire slip approaches a slip limit. 26. The method according to claim 23, further comprising ending the enrichment time period after the cylinder deactivation ends, as soon as an oxygen filling level of an oxygen accumulator of the exhaust gas purification device has reached a setpoint filling level. 27. A drive device, comprising:
an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders; and an engine controller to reduce a drive torque produced by the internal combustion engine, by
adjusting an ignition timing, set at the internal combustion engine, in a retarded direction, starting from an initial ignition timing, until the ignition timing corresponds to a threshold ignition;
deactivating at least one cylinder, among a plurality of cylinders, by suspending fuel injection into the cylinder, and
continuing to operate each remaining cylinder, not deactivated, using the ignition timing and supplying each remaining cylinder of the internal combustion engine with a subsequent quantity of fuel larger than an initial quantity of fuel supplied before cylinder deactivation, thereby setting a substoichiometric fuel/oxygen ratio. | 2,800 |
343,002 | 16,642,647 | 2,894 | The disclosure relates to a drug delivery device for expelling a pre-determined or pre-settable amount of a liquid medicament formulation which improves the stalling behavior and indicates the stalling state to the user. The device comprises: | 1. A drug delivery device for expelling a pre-determined or pre-settable amount of a liquid medicament formulation, the drug delivery device comprising:
a medicament reservoir attached to a housing; and an expelling mechanism configured for acting against the medicament reservoir in order to expel a portion of the liquid medicament formulation therefrom, the expelling mechanism comprising:
an arrangement of a threaded nut in a fixed axial relation to the housing and a lead screw in threaded engagement with the threaded nut, the threaded nut and the lead screw being rotatable relative to each other by a rotational input interface,
a mechanical energy reservoir for storing energy, the energy being releasable from the mechanical energy reservoir by a rotational interface,
a drive train having an upstream interface coupled to the rotational interface of the mechanical energy reservoir for feeding rotational energy into the drive train and a downstream interface coupled to the rotational input interface of the arrangement of the threaded nut and the lead screw for outputting rotational energy thereto to thereby rotate the lead screw and the threaded nut relative to each other, the drive train further being equipped with a releasable latch for preventing transfer of rotational energy from the upstream interface to the downstream interface when actuated and for allowing transfer of rotational energy from the upstream interface to the downstream interface when released, and
a trigger movable relative to the housing from a first position to a second position, the trigger being connected to the releasable latch for operating the releasable latch, and the trigger further being biased towards the first position opposite to the second position corresponding to release of the releasable latch,
wherein the drive train further comprises a rotational strain sensing arrangement which is configured to convert rotational strain into an axial force or an interlocking, the axial force or the interlocking being applied to the trigger by a mechanical linkage to thereby prevent the trigger from returning to the first position until the rotational strain acting on the rotational strain sensing arrangement of the drive train reduces below a predetermined threshold value. 2. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical linkage between the trigger and the rotational strain sensing arrangement is configured to allow the trigger to leave the second position under any torque strain condition and to move towards an intermediate position away from the second position thereby causing re-engagement of the releasable latch. 3. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the releasable latch is located between the upstream interface and the rotational strain sensing arrangement or wherein the releasable latch is located between the downstream interface and the rotational strain sensing arrangement. 4. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the drive train further includes a user-settable end stop limiter configured for enabling a user to restrict an amount of rotation that is transferred by the drive train upon release of the releasable latch to a user-determined angle. 5. The drug delivery device according to claim 4, wherein the mechanical energy reservoir is coupled to the user-settable end stop limiter to translate setting of the end stop limiter into immediate energizing of the energy reservoir to an extent corresponding to the user-determined angle. 6. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the first position of the trigger is an extended position with respect to the housing. 7. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the drive train comprises a drive sleeve and the downstream interface of the drive train comprises a spline at the drive sleeve, a first splined connection formed by the spline and the rotational input interface being located at an axial distance relative to the threaded nut, wherein the rotational strain sensing arrangement includes a locking ring being maintained in a rotational fixed relation to the lead screw by a second splined connection at a position located between the first splined connection and the threaded nut, the locking ring and the drive sleeve implementing angular dependent axial keying to thereby limit relative axial travel between the locking ring and the drive sleeve when an advancing angle of the drive sleeve relative to the threaded nut due to torsional deformation exceeds a predefined threshold angle. 8. The drug delivery device according to claim 7, wherein the torsional deformation occurs in a flexible arm on the drive sleeve and/or in the lead screw. 9. The drug delivery device according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical linkage between the trigger and the rotational strain sensing arrangement includes a mechanical connection that at least partially limits travel of the trigger according to the limitation occurring in an angular dependent axial keying between the drive sleeve and the threaded nut. 10. The drug delivery device according to claim 9, wherein the trigger is mechanically connected to an axial movement of the drive sleeve and/or to the threaded nut. 11. The drug delivery device according to claim 7, wherein the angular dependent axial keying comprises a slotted engagement of a radial pin rotationally fixed at the locking ring and the drive sleeve in an L-shaped track to thereby restrict relative axial travel between the threaded nut and the drive sleeve according a relative angular position thereof. 12. The drug delivery device according to claim 11, wherein a second section of the L-shaped track allows a movement of the radial pin in an axial direction. 13. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the rotational strain sensing arrangement of the drive train comprises a helical interface for converting the rotational strain into an axial strain. 14. The drug delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the mechanical linkage between the rotational strain sensing arrangement and the trigger is configured to feed an axial force produced by the rotational strain sensing arrangement to the trigger to thereby compensate a biasing force until the rotational strain acting on the rotational strain sensing arrangement of the drive train reduces below the predetermined threshold value. 15. The drug delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the helical interface comprises a clutch plate having an outer spline and a proximal section of a number sleeve having an inner spline, wherein at least one of the outer spline and the inner spline has an angled surface or edge, and wherein the clutch plate is axially coupled to the trigger. 16. The drug delivery device according to claim 15, wherein the angled surface or edge of the inner spline comprises a first inner spline section formed by the proximal section of the number sleeve. 17. The drug delivery device according to claim 16, wherein the angled surface or edge of the inner spline further comprises a second inner spline section formed by a distal section of the number sleeve. 18. The drug delivery device according to claim 6, wherein the second position is a retracted position with respect to the housing. 19. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising the liquid medicament formulation, the liquid medicament formulation being contained within the medicament reservoir. 20. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising the housing to which the medicament reservoir is attached. | The disclosure relates to a drug delivery device for expelling a pre-determined or pre-settable amount of a liquid medicament formulation which improves the stalling behavior and indicates the stalling state to the user. The device comprises:1. A drug delivery device for expelling a pre-determined or pre-settable amount of a liquid medicament formulation, the drug delivery device comprising:
a medicament reservoir attached to a housing; and an expelling mechanism configured for acting against the medicament reservoir in order to expel a portion of the liquid medicament formulation therefrom, the expelling mechanism comprising:
an arrangement of a threaded nut in a fixed axial relation to the housing and a lead screw in threaded engagement with the threaded nut, the threaded nut and the lead screw being rotatable relative to each other by a rotational input interface,
a mechanical energy reservoir for storing energy, the energy being releasable from the mechanical energy reservoir by a rotational interface,
a drive train having an upstream interface coupled to the rotational interface of the mechanical energy reservoir for feeding rotational energy into the drive train and a downstream interface coupled to the rotational input interface of the arrangement of the threaded nut and the lead screw for outputting rotational energy thereto to thereby rotate the lead screw and the threaded nut relative to each other, the drive train further being equipped with a releasable latch for preventing transfer of rotational energy from the upstream interface to the downstream interface when actuated and for allowing transfer of rotational energy from the upstream interface to the downstream interface when released, and
a trigger movable relative to the housing from a first position to a second position, the trigger being connected to the releasable latch for operating the releasable latch, and the trigger further being biased towards the first position opposite to the second position corresponding to release of the releasable latch,
wherein the drive train further comprises a rotational strain sensing arrangement which is configured to convert rotational strain into an axial force or an interlocking, the axial force or the interlocking being applied to the trigger by a mechanical linkage to thereby prevent the trigger from returning to the first position until the rotational strain acting on the rotational strain sensing arrangement of the drive train reduces below a predetermined threshold value. 2. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical linkage between the trigger and the rotational strain sensing arrangement is configured to allow the trigger to leave the second position under any torque strain condition and to move towards an intermediate position away from the second position thereby causing re-engagement of the releasable latch. 3. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the releasable latch is located between the upstream interface and the rotational strain sensing arrangement or wherein the releasable latch is located between the downstream interface and the rotational strain sensing arrangement. 4. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the drive train further includes a user-settable end stop limiter configured for enabling a user to restrict an amount of rotation that is transferred by the drive train upon release of the releasable latch to a user-determined angle. 5. The drug delivery device according to claim 4, wherein the mechanical energy reservoir is coupled to the user-settable end stop limiter to translate setting of the end stop limiter into immediate energizing of the energy reservoir to an extent corresponding to the user-determined angle. 6. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the first position of the trigger is an extended position with respect to the housing. 7. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the drive train comprises a drive sleeve and the downstream interface of the drive train comprises a spline at the drive sleeve, a first splined connection formed by the spline and the rotational input interface being located at an axial distance relative to the threaded nut, wherein the rotational strain sensing arrangement includes a locking ring being maintained in a rotational fixed relation to the lead screw by a second splined connection at a position located between the first splined connection and the threaded nut, the locking ring and the drive sleeve implementing angular dependent axial keying to thereby limit relative axial travel between the locking ring and the drive sleeve when an advancing angle of the drive sleeve relative to the threaded nut due to torsional deformation exceeds a predefined threshold angle. 8. The drug delivery device according to claim 7, wherein the torsional deformation occurs in a flexible arm on the drive sleeve and/or in the lead screw. 9. The drug delivery device according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical linkage between the trigger and the rotational strain sensing arrangement includes a mechanical connection that at least partially limits travel of the trigger according to the limitation occurring in an angular dependent axial keying between the drive sleeve and the threaded nut. 10. The drug delivery device according to claim 9, wherein the trigger is mechanically connected to an axial movement of the drive sleeve and/or to the threaded nut. 11. The drug delivery device according to claim 7, wherein the angular dependent axial keying comprises a slotted engagement of a radial pin rotationally fixed at the locking ring and the drive sleeve in an L-shaped track to thereby restrict relative axial travel between the threaded nut and the drive sleeve according a relative angular position thereof. 12. The drug delivery device according to claim 11, wherein a second section of the L-shaped track allows a movement of the radial pin in an axial direction. 13. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the rotational strain sensing arrangement of the drive train comprises a helical interface for converting the rotational strain into an axial strain. 14. The drug delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the mechanical linkage between the rotational strain sensing arrangement and the trigger is configured to feed an axial force produced by the rotational strain sensing arrangement to the trigger to thereby compensate a biasing force until the rotational strain acting on the rotational strain sensing arrangement of the drive train reduces below the predetermined threshold value. 15. The drug delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the helical interface comprises a clutch plate having an outer spline and a proximal section of a number sleeve having an inner spline, wherein at least one of the outer spline and the inner spline has an angled surface or edge, and wherein the clutch plate is axially coupled to the trigger. 16. The drug delivery device according to claim 15, wherein the angled surface or edge of the inner spline comprises a first inner spline section formed by the proximal section of the number sleeve. 17. The drug delivery device according to claim 16, wherein the angled surface or edge of the inner spline further comprises a second inner spline section formed by a distal section of the number sleeve. 18. The drug delivery device according to claim 6, wherein the second position is a retracted position with respect to the housing. 19. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising the liquid medicament formulation, the liquid medicament formulation being contained within the medicament reservoir. 20. The drug delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising the housing to which the medicament reservoir is attached. | 2,800 |
343,003 | 16,642,751 | 2,894 | A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode are disclosed. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, a first negative electrode active material layer present on the negative electrode current collector, and a second negative electrode active material layer present on the first negative electrode active material layer. The first negative electrode active material layer includes two or more kinds of first negative electrode active materials, and the second negative electrode active material layer includes a second negative electrode active material having swelling that is smaller than that of the first negative electrode active material layer. Therefore, the surface of the negative electrode does not exhibit deformation during pre-lithiation. | 1. A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, comprising:
a negative electrode current collector; a first negative electrode active material layer present on the negative electrode current collector; and a second negative electrode active material layer present on the first negative electrode active material layer, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer comprises two or more kinds of first negative electrode active materials, wherein the second negative electrode active material layer comprises a second negative electrode active material, and wherein the second negative electrode active material has an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1 μm to 10 μm and has a uni-modal particle diameter distribution. 2. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material has a particle diameter distribution of Dmin/Dmax≥0.5. 3. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material has a particle diameter satisfying Dmax−Dmin<10 μm. 4. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material layer comprises only one type of negative electrode active material. 5. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second negative electrode active material layer is in a range of 5% to 50% with respect to a thickness of the first negative electrode active material layer. 6. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer comprises a carbon-based negative electrode active material and a mixture of one or more selected from the group consisting of Si, particles of silicon oxide (SiOx) (0<x≤2), and a Si-metal alloy as the first negative electrode active material. 7. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material comprises a carbon-based negative electrode active material. 8. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer comprise lithium ions diffused by pre-lithiation. 9. The negative electrode of claim 1, further comprising a lithium metal layer present on the second negative electrode active material layer. 10. The negative electrode of claim 8, wherein, when the negative electrode is punched into an area in a range of 0.7 cm2 to 12 cm2 at five or more arbitrary positions after pre-lithiation, and then a discharge capacity of each of the punched out portions of the negative electrode is measured, a deviation between the punched out portions is in a range of 0.1% to 15%. 11. A lithium secondary battery comprising the negative electrode according to claim 1. | A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode are disclosed. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, a first negative electrode active material layer present on the negative electrode current collector, and a second negative electrode active material layer present on the first negative electrode active material layer. The first negative electrode active material layer includes two or more kinds of first negative electrode active materials, and the second negative electrode active material layer includes a second negative electrode active material having swelling that is smaller than that of the first negative electrode active material layer. Therefore, the surface of the negative electrode does not exhibit deformation during pre-lithiation.1. A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, comprising:
a negative electrode current collector; a first negative electrode active material layer present on the negative electrode current collector; and a second negative electrode active material layer present on the first negative electrode active material layer, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer comprises two or more kinds of first negative electrode active materials, wherein the second negative electrode active material layer comprises a second negative electrode active material, and wherein the second negative electrode active material has an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1 μm to 10 μm and has a uni-modal particle diameter distribution. 2. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material has a particle diameter distribution of Dmin/Dmax≥0.5. 3. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material has a particle diameter satisfying Dmax−Dmin<10 μm. 4. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material layer comprises only one type of negative electrode active material. 5. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second negative electrode active material layer is in a range of 5% to 50% with respect to a thickness of the first negative electrode active material layer. 6. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer comprises a carbon-based negative electrode active material and a mixture of one or more selected from the group consisting of Si, particles of silicon oxide (SiOx) (0<x≤2), and a Si-metal alloy as the first negative electrode active material. 7. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the second negative electrode active material comprises a carbon-based negative electrode active material. 8. The negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer comprise lithium ions diffused by pre-lithiation. 9. The negative electrode of claim 1, further comprising a lithium metal layer present on the second negative electrode active material layer. 10. The negative electrode of claim 8, wherein, when the negative electrode is punched into an area in a range of 0.7 cm2 to 12 cm2 at five or more arbitrary positions after pre-lithiation, and then a discharge capacity of each of the punched out portions of the negative electrode is measured, a deviation between the punched out portions is in a range of 0.1% to 15%. 11. A lithium secondary battery comprising the negative electrode according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
343,004 | 16,642,725 | 2,894 | Provided is a hybrid process for producing high-purity para-xylene from a feedstock of aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions having 8 carbon atoms, in a liquid phase. The process includes a liquid chromatography separation step and a crystallization step of the para-xylene from the purified stream of para-xylene obtained at the separation step. | 1. Hybrid process for producing high-purity para-xylene from a feedstock of aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions having 8 carbon atoms, in a liquid phase, comprising:
a) a liquid chromatography separation step via simulated counter-current adsorption of para-xylene using a zeolitic adsorbent and a desorption solvent, said adsorbent comprising:
at least one majority zeolite of faujasite type having a lattice parameter «a» higher than 25.100 Å,
barium such that the content of barium oxide BaO is comprised between 30% and 41% by weight, limits included, relative to the total weight of the adsorbent,
to obtain a stream of purified para-xylene; b) a crystallization step of the para-xylene from the purified stream of para-xylene obtained at the separation step, at a temperature between 0 and -25° C., followed by washing of the crystals with a washing solvent, to obtain high-purity para-xylene, wherein the desorption solvent at the separation step and the washing solvent at the crystallization step comprises toluene. 2. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises an LSX zeolite. 3. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 2, wherein the outer surface area of said zeolitic adsorbent, measured by nitrogen adsorption, is less than 100 m2·g−1. 4. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises a mixture of zeolites of faujasite type. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the adsorbent comprises a mixture of X-type zeolite and LSX zeolite, the LSX zeolite being in majority. 6. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 1, wherein the content of barium oxide is between 33 and 41%, limits included. 7. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 6, wherein the content of barium oxide is between 33 and 38%, limits included. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the crystallization step is between −5° C. and −15° C. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the wash ratio of the crystals is between 0.8 and 2 volumes of toluene per volume of para-xylene crystals. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the number of beds at the adsorption separation step is between 4 and 24. 11. The process according to claim 10 wherein the number of beds at the adsorption separation step is between 8 and 12. 12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption separation step is conducted with a number of beds comprised between 4 and 24, a number of zones of at least 4, a temperature between 100° C. and 250° C., pressure between toluene bubble point pressure at processing temperature and 3 MPa, a cycle time corresponding to the time interval between two injections of desorbent into a given bed of between 4 and 18 min, a ratio of desorbent flow rate to feed flow rate of 0.7 to 2.5, and a recycle ratio comprised between 2 and 12. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the adsorption separation step is conducted at a temperature compriscd between 150° C. and 180° C. 14. The process according to claim 12, wherein the adsorption separation step is conducted with a recycle ratio of between 2.5 and 4. 15. The process according to claim 12, wherein the adsorbent is prepared according to the following steps:
a) mixing the faujasite zeolite crystals in powder form of desired particle size, in the presence of water, with at least one binder containing a clay or mixture of clays comprising at least 80% by weight of zeolitizable clay and optionally a silica source; b) forming the mixture obtained at a) to produce aggregates, followed by drying and optionally a screening and/or cyclonic separation step; c) calcining the aggregates obtained at b) at a temperature preferably in the range of 500° C. to 600° C.; d) optional zeolitization of the binder by contacting the calcined aggregates obtained at step c) with an alkaline basic aqueous solution followed by washing; e) ion exchange of the zeolitic aggregates containing LSX zeolite or X and LSX zeolite obtained at c) or d) with barium ions, followed by washing and drying of the product thus treated; f) heat activation of the aggregates exchanged at step e). | Provided is a hybrid process for producing high-purity para-xylene from a feedstock of aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions having 8 carbon atoms, in a liquid phase. The process includes a liquid chromatography separation step and a crystallization step of the para-xylene from the purified stream of para-xylene obtained at the separation step.1. Hybrid process for producing high-purity para-xylene from a feedstock of aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions having 8 carbon atoms, in a liquid phase, comprising:
a) a liquid chromatography separation step via simulated counter-current adsorption of para-xylene using a zeolitic adsorbent and a desorption solvent, said adsorbent comprising:
at least one majority zeolite of faujasite type having a lattice parameter «a» higher than 25.100 Å,
barium such that the content of barium oxide BaO is comprised between 30% and 41% by weight, limits included, relative to the total weight of the adsorbent,
to obtain a stream of purified para-xylene; b) a crystallization step of the para-xylene from the purified stream of para-xylene obtained at the separation step, at a temperature between 0 and -25° C., followed by washing of the crystals with a washing solvent, to obtain high-purity para-xylene, wherein the desorption solvent at the separation step and the washing solvent at the crystallization step comprises toluene. 2. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises an LSX zeolite. 3. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 2, wherein the outer surface area of said zeolitic adsorbent, measured by nitrogen adsorption, is less than 100 m2·g−1. 4. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises a mixture of zeolites of faujasite type. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the adsorbent comprises a mixture of X-type zeolite and LSX zeolite, the LSX zeolite being in majority. 6. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 1, wherein the content of barium oxide is between 33 and 41%, limits included. 7. The process for producing para-xylene according to claim 6, wherein the content of barium oxide is between 33 and 38%, limits included. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the crystallization step is between −5° C. and −15° C. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the wash ratio of the crystals is between 0.8 and 2 volumes of toluene per volume of para-xylene crystals. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the number of beds at the adsorption separation step is between 4 and 24. 11. The process according to claim 10 wherein the number of beds at the adsorption separation step is between 8 and 12. 12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption separation step is conducted with a number of beds comprised between 4 and 24, a number of zones of at least 4, a temperature between 100° C. and 250° C., pressure between toluene bubble point pressure at processing temperature and 3 MPa, a cycle time corresponding to the time interval between two injections of desorbent into a given bed of between 4 and 18 min, a ratio of desorbent flow rate to feed flow rate of 0.7 to 2.5, and a recycle ratio comprised between 2 and 12. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the adsorption separation step is conducted at a temperature compriscd between 150° C. and 180° C. 14. The process according to claim 12, wherein the adsorption separation step is conducted with a recycle ratio of between 2.5 and 4. 15. The process according to claim 12, wherein the adsorbent is prepared according to the following steps:
a) mixing the faujasite zeolite crystals in powder form of desired particle size, in the presence of water, with at least one binder containing a clay or mixture of clays comprising at least 80% by weight of zeolitizable clay and optionally a silica source; b) forming the mixture obtained at a) to produce aggregates, followed by drying and optionally a screening and/or cyclonic separation step; c) calcining the aggregates obtained at b) at a temperature preferably in the range of 500° C. to 600° C.; d) optional zeolitization of the binder by contacting the calcined aggregates obtained at step c) with an alkaline basic aqueous solution followed by washing; e) ion exchange of the zeolitic aggregates containing LSX zeolite or X and LSX zeolite obtained at c) or d) with barium ions, followed by washing and drying of the product thus treated; f) heat activation of the aggregates exchanged at step e). | 2,800 |
343,005 | 16,642,732 | 2,894 | A cylindrical secondary battery configured to have a structure to which an adhesion unit, including an adhesive material, a conductive material, and PTC particles, is provided. The adhesion unit is configured to couple a cap assembly, which functions as a positive electrode terminal of the cylindrical secondary battery, and a positive electrode tab of a jelly-roll type electrode assembly to each other. | 1. A cylindrical secondary battery comprising:
a jelly-roll type electrode assembly configured to have a structure in which a sheet type positive electrode and a sheet type negative electrode are wound in a state in which a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, jelly-roll type electrode assembly including a positive electrode tab; a cylindrical battery case configured to receive the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, the cylindrical battery case having an open upper end; a cap assembly mounted to the open upper end of the cylindrical battery case; and an adhesion unit connecting a lower end surface of the cap assembly to the positive electrode tab of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, the adhesion unit including an adhesive material, a conductive material, and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) particles. 2. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive material is made of at least one selected from a group consisting of a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, and polyester acrylate. 3. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is made of at least one selected from a group consisting of graphite, carbon black, conductive fiber, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and an alloy of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum. 4. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the PTC particles are made of silicone rubber or polyethylene. 5. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material and the PTC particles are mixed with each other in a ratio of 5:1 to 1:1. 6. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical secondary battery is configured such that charging of the cylindrical secondary battery is terminated due to an increase in resistance of the PTC particles when an inner temperature of the cylindrical secondary battery increases. 7. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein coupling between the lower end surface of the cap assembly and the adhesion unit and between the positive electrode tab and the adhesion unit is maintained in a state in which the charging is terminated. 8. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a venting member is located at a lower end of the cap assembly, and
wherein the cap assembly is configured to have a structure from which a PTC element and a current interrupt device (CID) filter are omitted. 9. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the positive electrode tab of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly is coupled to a lower surface of the venting member of the cap assembly via the adhesion unit. 10. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the PTC particles have a glass transition temperature higher than a temperature at which the charging is terminated. 11. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the adhesive material has a glass transition temperature lower than a temperature at which the charging is terminated. | A cylindrical secondary battery configured to have a structure to which an adhesion unit, including an adhesive material, a conductive material, and PTC particles, is provided. The adhesion unit is configured to couple a cap assembly, which functions as a positive electrode terminal of the cylindrical secondary battery, and a positive electrode tab of a jelly-roll type electrode assembly to each other.1. A cylindrical secondary battery comprising:
a jelly-roll type electrode assembly configured to have a structure in which a sheet type positive electrode and a sheet type negative electrode are wound in a state in which a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, jelly-roll type electrode assembly including a positive electrode tab; a cylindrical battery case configured to receive the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, the cylindrical battery case having an open upper end; a cap assembly mounted to the open upper end of the cylindrical battery case; and an adhesion unit connecting a lower end surface of the cap assembly to the positive electrode tab of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, the adhesion unit including an adhesive material, a conductive material, and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) particles. 2. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive material is made of at least one selected from a group consisting of a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, and polyester acrylate. 3. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is made of at least one selected from a group consisting of graphite, carbon black, conductive fiber, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and an alloy of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum. 4. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the PTC particles are made of silicone rubber or polyethylene. 5. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material and the PTC particles are mixed with each other in a ratio of 5:1 to 1:1. 6. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical secondary battery is configured such that charging of the cylindrical secondary battery is terminated due to an increase in resistance of the PTC particles when an inner temperature of the cylindrical secondary battery increases. 7. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein coupling between the lower end surface of the cap assembly and the adhesion unit and between the positive electrode tab and the adhesion unit is maintained in a state in which the charging is terminated. 8. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a venting member is located at a lower end of the cap assembly, and
wherein the cap assembly is configured to have a structure from which a PTC element and a current interrupt device (CID) filter are omitted. 9. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the positive electrode tab of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly is coupled to a lower surface of the venting member of the cap assembly via the adhesion unit. 10. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the PTC particles have a glass transition temperature higher than a temperature at which the charging is terminated. 11. The cylindrical secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the adhesive material has a glass transition temperature lower than a temperature at which the charging is terminated. | 2,800 |
343,006 | 16,642,747 | 2,894 | A multilayer heat sink including a heat-receiving layer, a channel layer including cooling micropaths extending and directing a fluid in a direction orthogonal to a stacking direction, an orifice layer including jet orifices configured to jet the fluid into the cooling micropaths, and drain orifices configured to drain the fluid from the cooling micropaths, a header layer including a peripheral wall and a baffle, and a bottom layer, wherein the baffle includes parallel plates disposed parallel to each other, and end plates configured to alternately close an opening at an end and an opening at an opposite end of the parallel plates, and the orifice layer, the bottom layer, the baffle, and the peripheral wall define a supply channel to guide the fluid from a fluid inlet to the jet orifices and a drain channel to guide the fluid from the drain orifices to a fluid outlet. | 1. A multilayer heat sink that cools an object in contact with the heat sink by flowing a fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet, the heat sink comprising:
a heat-receiving layer having a top surface in contact with the object to receive heat; a channel layer provided on a bottom surface of the heat-receiving layer, the channel layer including cooling micropaths extending and directing the fluid in a direction orthogonal to a stacking direction; an orifice layer provided on a bottom surface of the channel layer, the orifice layer including:
jet orifices configured to jet the fluid into the cooling micropaths from the bottom surface; and
drain orifices configured to drain the fluid from the cooling micropaths toward the bottom surface;
a header layer provided on a bottom surface of the orifice layer, the header layer including:
a peripheral wall; and
a baffle provided in a region surrounded by the peripheral wall, the baffle being configured to separate the fluid inlet from the fluid outlet; and
a bottom layer provided on a bottom surface of the header layer, wherein the baffle includes:
parallel plates disposed parallel to each other; and
end plates configured to alternately close an opening at an end and an opening at an opposite end of the parallel plates, and
the orifice layer, the bottom layer, the baffle, and the peripheral wall define a supply channel to guide the fluid from the fluid inlet to the jet orifices and a drain channel to guide the fluid from the drain orifices to the fluid outlet. 2. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein
the supply channel includes:
supply sub-channels flanked by the parallel plates; and
an entrance channel connecting the fluid inlet with openings of the supply sub-channels,
the drain channel includes:
drain sub-channels flanked by the parallel plates; and
an exit channel connecting the fluid outlet with openings of the drain sub-channels, and
the entrance channel and the exit channel are provided at opposite positions. 3. The heat sink according to claim 2, wherein
the jet orifices are provided at positions overlapping the supply sub-channels when seen in the stacking direction, and are arranged in two lines for each supply sub-channel in an extension direction of the supply sub-channel, the drain orifices are provided at positions overlapping the drain sub-channels when seen in the stacking direction, and are arranged in two lines for each drain sub-channel in an extension direction of the drain sub-channel, and the cooling micropaths are configured to overlap the supply sub-channels and the drain sub-channels over the parallel plates when seen in the stacking direction to connect the jet orifices with the drain orifices. 4. The heat sink according to claim 3, wherein each of the cooling micropaths is configured to connect neighboring one jet orifice with one drain orifice. 5. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the cooling micropaths have a non-linear shape having one or more bent portions when seen in the stacking direction. 6. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the cooling micropaths include:
upstream cooling paths configured to connect with the jet orifices, downstream cooling paths configured to connect with the drain orifices, and junctions at which each of the upstream cooling bifurcates into two branches and at which the adjacent branches join together to connect with the respective downstream cooling paths. 7. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the cooling micropaths have a different shape and/or length depending on locations. 8. The heat sink according to claim 7, wherein the cooling micropaths include a narrow portion having a smaller width depending on the locations. 9. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the parallel plates and the end plates at least partially have a multilayer structure with an insulator interposed in a thickness direction. 10. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the heat-receiving layer, the channel layer, the orifice layer, the header layer, and the bottom layer are made of plate members bonded by diffusion bonding. 11. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the cooling micropaths are through-holes provided in a plate member that forms the channel layer. 12. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the jet orifices and the drain orifices are through-holes provided in a plate member that forms the orifice layer. 13. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the jet orifices and/or the drain orifices have a different diameter depending on locations. 14. The heat sink according to claim 13, wherein the orifice layer is made of a plurality of plate members bonded by diffusion bonding, and the jet orifices and/or the drain orifices have a different diameter depending on the plate members. 15. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein
the channel layer includes a plurality of channel layers between which an intermediate layer is interposed, and the intermediate layer includes:
intermediate jet orifices disposed at positions overlapping the jet orifices when seen in the stacking direction; and
intermediate drain orifices disposed at positions overlapping the drain orifices when seen in the stacking direction. 16. The heat sink according to claim 15, wherein the intermediate jet orifices and the intermediate drain orifices connect the cooling micropaths at a top layer with the cooling micropaths at a bottom layer. | A multilayer heat sink including a heat-receiving layer, a channel layer including cooling micropaths extending and directing a fluid in a direction orthogonal to a stacking direction, an orifice layer including jet orifices configured to jet the fluid into the cooling micropaths, and drain orifices configured to drain the fluid from the cooling micropaths, a header layer including a peripheral wall and a baffle, and a bottom layer, wherein the baffle includes parallel plates disposed parallel to each other, and end plates configured to alternately close an opening at an end and an opening at an opposite end of the parallel plates, and the orifice layer, the bottom layer, the baffle, and the peripheral wall define a supply channel to guide the fluid from a fluid inlet to the jet orifices and a drain channel to guide the fluid from the drain orifices to a fluid outlet.1. A multilayer heat sink that cools an object in contact with the heat sink by flowing a fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet, the heat sink comprising:
a heat-receiving layer having a top surface in contact with the object to receive heat; a channel layer provided on a bottom surface of the heat-receiving layer, the channel layer including cooling micropaths extending and directing the fluid in a direction orthogonal to a stacking direction; an orifice layer provided on a bottom surface of the channel layer, the orifice layer including:
jet orifices configured to jet the fluid into the cooling micropaths from the bottom surface; and
drain orifices configured to drain the fluid from the cooling micropaths toward the bottom surface;
a header layer provided on a bottom surface of the orifice layer, the header layer including:
a peripheral wall; and
a baffle provided in a region surrounded by the peripheral wall, the baffle being configured to separate the fluid inlet from the fluid outlet; and
a bottom layer provided on a bottom surface of the header layer, wherein the baffle includes:
parallel plates disposed parallel to each other; and
end plates configured to alternately close an opening at an end and an opening at an opposite end of the parallel plates, and
the orifice layer, the bottom layer, the baffle, and the peripheral wall define a supply channel to guide the fluid from the fluid inlet to the jet orifices and a drain channel to guide the fluid from the drain orifices to the fluid outlet. 2. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein
the supply channel includes:
supply sub-channels flanked by the parallel plates; and
an entrance channel connecting the fluid inlet with openings of the supply sub-channels,
the drain channel includes:
drain sub-channels flanked by the parallel plates; and
an exit channel connecting the fluid outlet with openings of the drain sub-channels, and
the entrance channel and the exit channel are provided at opposite positions. 3. The heat sink according to claim 2, wherein
the jet orifices are provided at positions overlapping the supply sub-channels when seen in the stacking direction, and are arranged in two lines for each supply sub-channel in an extension direction of the supply sub-channel, the drain orifices are provided at positions overlapping the drain sub-channels when seen in the stacking direction, and are arranged in two lines for each drain sub-channel in an extension direction of the drain sub-channel, and the cooling micropaths are configured to overlap the supply sub-channels and the drain sub-channels over the parallel plates when seen in the stacking direction to connect the jet orifices with the drain orifices. 4. The heat sink according to claim 3, wherein each of the cooling micropaths is configured to connect neighboring one jet orifice with one drain orifice. 5. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the cooling micropaths have a non-linear shape having one or more bent portions when seen in the stacking direction. 6. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the cooling micropaths include:
upstream cooling paths configured to connect with the jet orifices, downstream cooling paths configured to connect with the drain orifices, and junctions at which each of the upstream cooling bifurcates into two branches and at which the adjacent branches join together to connect with the respective downstream cooling paths. 7. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the cooling micropaths have a different shape and/or length depending on locations. 8. The heat sink according to claim 7, wherein the cooling micropaths include a narrow portion having a smaller width depending on the locations. 9. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the parallel plates and the end plates at least partially have a multilayer structure with an insulator interposed in a thickness direction. 10. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the heat-receiving layer, the channel layer, the orifice layer, the header layer, and the bottom layer are made of plate members bonded by diffusion bonding. 11. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the cooling micropaths are through-holes provided in a plate member that forms the channel layer. 12. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the jet orifices and the drain orifices are through-holes provided in a plate member that forms the orifice layer. 13. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the jet orifices and/or the drain orifices have a different diameter depending on locations. 14. The heat sink according to claim 13, wherein the orifice layer is made of a plurality of plate members bonded by diffusion bonding, and the jet orifices and/or the drain orifices have a different diameter depending on the plate members. 15. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein
the channel layer includes a plurality of channel layers between which an intermediate layer is interposed, and the intermediate layer includes:
intermediate jet orifices disposed at positions overlapping the jet orifices when seen in the stacking direction; and
intermediate drain orifices disposed at positions overlapping the drain orifices when seen in the stacking direction. 16. The heat sink according to claim 15, wherein the intermediate jet orifices and the intermediate drain orifices connect the cooling micropaths at a top layer with the cooling micropaths at a bottom layer. | 2,800 |
343,007 | 16,642,757 | 2,894 | A method for producing an optical component, including a step of polymerizing a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component in a molding die, wherein the molding die includes a pair of molds and a tape for separating these molds apart and fixing the molds, the tape has a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer, and a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less, and also a molding die tape for a spectacle lens substrate, the molding die tape having a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer, wherein a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less. | 1. A method for producing an optical component, the method comprising a step of polymerizing a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component in a molding die,
wherein the molding die includes a pair of molds and a tape for separating these molds apart and fixing the molds, the tape has a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer, and a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less. 2. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 500 ppm by mass or less. 3. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tape substrate has a thickness of 10 μm to 80 μm. 4. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the material of the tape substrate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyethylene naphthalate. 5. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tacky adhesive layer has a thickness of 10 to 80 μm. 6. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tacky adhesive layer contains a silicone tacky adhesive. 7. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 6, wherein the tacky adhesive layer further contains silica particles. 8. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the polythiol component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 4,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 4,8-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 5,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), butanediol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), butanediol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(2-mercaptoacetate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate). 9. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. 10. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the optical component is a spectacle lens substrate. 11. A molding die tape for a spectacle lens substrate, the molding die tape having a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer,
wherein a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less. | A method for producing an optical component, including a step of polymerizing a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component in a molding die, wherein the molding die includes a pair of molds and a tape for separating these molds apart and fixing the molds, the tape has a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer, and a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less, and also a molding die tape for a spectacle lens substrate, the molding die tape having a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer, wherein a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less.1. A method for producing an optical component, the method comprising a step of polymerizing a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component in a molding die,
wherein the molding die includes a pair of molds and a tape for separating these molds apart and fixing the molds, the tape has a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer, and a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less. 2. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 500 ppm by mass or less. 3. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tape substrate has a thickness of 10 μm to 80 μm. 4. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the material of the tape substrate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyethylene naphthalate. 5. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tacky adhesive layer has a thickness of 10 to 80 μm. 6. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tacky adhesive layer contains a silicone tacky adhesive. 7. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 6, wherein the tacky adhesive layer further contains silica particles. 8. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the polythiol component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 4,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 4,8-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 5,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), butanediol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), butanediol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(2-mercaptoacetate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate). 9. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. 10. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the optical component is a spectacle lens substrate. 11. A molding die tape for a spectacle lens substrate, the molding die tape having a tape substrate and a tacky adhesive layer,
wherein a percentage moisture content in the tacky adhesive layer is 950 ppm by mass or less. | 2,800 |
343,008 | 16,642,756 | 2,894 | The invention relates to a compound of Formula (I): Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable enantiomers, or salts thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The invention also relates to the use of the compounds of Formula (I) for the treatment or prevention of diseases cancer, infections, central nervous system disease or disorder, and immune-related disorders, either as a single agent or in combination with other therapies. | 1. A compound of Formula I: 2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R2 is hydrogen, and A is C(O) or CH(Ra). 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 and R5 are hydrogen. 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 6. The compound according to claim 1,5 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of (6-10C)aryl, (1-9C)heteroaryl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl, (2-7C)heterocycloalkyl, and (1-6C)alkyl, wherein all groups optionally can be substituted. 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is 9. A method of inhibiting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDOL) with the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, further comprising at least one additional therapeutically active agent. 12. A medicament in therapy comprising the compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1. 13. A method for treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions associated with increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) activity comprising a step of administering the compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 to a patient in need thereof. 14. A method for inhibiting immune suppression in the treatment of cancer comprising a step of administering the compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 to a patient in need thereof. 15. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDOL) with an IC50 of 25 μM or less. 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is hydrogen, and A is C(O) or CH(Ra). 17. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of (6-10C)aryl, (1-9C)heteroaryl and (3-8C)cycloalkyl, wherein all groups optionally can be substituted. 18. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) with an IC50 of 20 μM or less. 19. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) with an IC50 of 10 μM or less. 20. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) with an IC50 of 5 μM or less. | The invention relates to a compound of Formula (I): Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable enantiomers, or salts thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The invention also relates to the use of the compounds of Formula (I) for the treatment or prevention of diseases cancer, infections, central nervous system disease or disorder, and immune-related disorders, either as a single agent or in combination with other therapies.1. A compound of Formula I: 2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R2 is hydrogen, and A is C(O) or CH(Ra). 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 and R5 are hydrogen. 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 6. The compound according to claim 1,5 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of (6-10C)aryl, (1-9C)heteroaryl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl, (2-7C)heterocycloalkyl, and (1-6C)alkyl, wherein all groups optionally can be substituted. 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is 9. A method of inhibiting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDOL) with the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, further comprising at least one additional therapeutically active agent. 12. A medicament in therapy comprising the compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1. 13. A method for treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions associated with increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) activity comprising a step of administering the compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 to a patient in need thereof. 14. A method for inhibiting immune suppression in the treatment of cancer comprising a step of administering the compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 to a patient in need thereof. 15. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDOL) with an IC50 of 25 μM or less. 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is hydrogen, and A is C(O) or CH(Ra). 17. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of (6-10C)aryl, (1-9C)heteroaryl and (3-8C)cycloalkyl, wherein all groups optionally can be substituted. 18. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) with an IC50 of 20 μM or less. 19. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) with an IC50 of 10 μM or less. 20. The compound according to claim 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound or salt thereof has an inhibitory potency on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) with an IC50 of 5 μM or less. | 2,800 |
343,009 | 16,642,750 | 2,894 | Disclosed herein are an electrode assembly, an in-ear headphone, an in-ear headphone pair, and an electrode pair assembly, each for non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation. Each of the foregoing items includes a first electrode and a second electrode. An electrode assembly configured for insertion into an ear of a user includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a shim positioned therebetween. An in-ear headphone or headphone pair may include the electrode assembly with a housing and a waveform generator. An electrode pair assembly may include a first electrode configured for insertion into a first ear of a user, and a second electrode configured for insertion into a second ear of the user. Certain embodiments further include audio components positioned within a housing of at least one in-ear headphone to deliver audio stimulation through a central channel of a first electrode or second electrode, respectively. | 1. An electrode assembly for non-invasive nerve stimulation, comprising:
a first electrode forming a first body portion; a second electrode forming a second body portion complementary to the first body portion such that the first body portion of the first electrode and the second body portion of the second electrode in combination form a frustoconical-shape; and a shim positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate and electrically insulate the first electrode and the second electrode from each other; wherein the electrode assembly is configured for insertion into an ear of a user to form an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and a vagus nerve of the user to electrically stimulate the vagus nerve. 2. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise conductive silicone. 3. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the shim comprises a plastic material. 4. The electrode assembly of claim 1, further comprising a conductive gel covering at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode. 5. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein the conductive gel comprises a hydrogel. 6. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein:
the shim comprises a ridge that extends beyond the outer surface of the first electrode and the second electrode; the conductive gel comprises a first gel portion covering at least a portion of the first electrode and a second gel portion covering at least a portion of the second electrode; and the first gel portion and the second gel portion are electrically insulated from each other by the ridge. 7. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are substantially a same size and the shim is positioned in an approximate middle of the electrode assembly. 8. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are differently sized and the shim is positioned offset from a middle of the electrode assembly. 9. An in-ear headphone, comprising:
a housing; an electrode assembly forming an in-ear headphone tip attached to the housing, the electrode assembly comprising:
a first electrode forming a first body portion;
a second electrode forming a second body portion complementary to the first body portion such that the first body portion of the first electrode and the second body portion of the second electrode in combination form a frustoconical-shape; and
a shim positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate and electrically insulate the first electrode and the second electrode from each other;
wherein the electrode assembly is configured for insertion into an ear of a user to form an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and a vagus nerve of the user to electrically stimulate the vagus nerve; and
a waveform generator positioned within the housing and configured to apply an electric signal to the electrode assembly to stimulate the vagus nerve. 10. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise conductive silicone. 11. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the shim comprises a plastic material. 12. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, further comprising a conductive gel covering at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode. 13. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the in-ear headphone comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver configured to permit wireless communication with an electronic device external to the in-ear headphone. 14. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the in-ear headphone is configured to allow a user to adjust an operating parameter of the waveform generator by an electronic device, the operating parameter comprising at least one of intensity, duration, or pulse pattern. 15. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the in-ear headphone comprises audio components within the housing, the audio components configured to deliver audio stimulation through a central channel defined in the electrode assembly, the in-ear headphone configured to provide the audio stimulation concurrently with electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. 16. An in-ear headphone pair, comprising:
a right in-ear headphone configured for insertion into a right ear, the right in-ear headphone comprising audio components configured to deliver audio stimulation to the right ear; and a left in-ear headphone configured for insertion into a left ear, the left in-ear headphone comprising: a housing; an electrode assembly forming an in-ear headphone tip attached to the housing, the electrode assembly comprising:
a first electrode forming a first body portion;
a second electrode forming a second body portion complementary to the first body portion such that the first body portion of the first electrode and the second body portion of the second electrode in combination form a frustoconical-shape; and
a shim positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate and electrically insulate the first electrode and the second electrode from each other;
wherein the electrode assembly is configured for insertion into an ear of a user to form an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and a vagus nerve of the user to electrically stimulate the vagus nerve; and
a waveform generator positioned within the housing and configured to apply an electrical signal to the electrode assembly to stimulate the vagus nerve; and audio components positioned within the housing and configured to deliver audio stimulation to the left ear through a central channel of the electrode assembly. 17. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise conductive silicone. 18. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the shim comprises a plastic material. 19. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, further comprising a conductive gel covering at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode. 20. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the in-ear headphone pair comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver configured to permit wireless communication with an electronic device external to the in-ear headphone pair. 21. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the left in-ear headphone is configured to deliver the audio stimulation concurrently with electrical stimulation. 22-43. (canceled) | Disclosed herein are an electrode assembly, an in-ear headphone, an in-ear headphone pair, and an electrode pair assembly, each for non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation. Each of the foregoing items includes a first electrode and a second electrode. An electrode assembly configured for insertion into an ear of a user includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a shim positioned therebetween. An in-ear headphone or headphone pair may include the electrode assembly with a housing and a waveform generator. An electrode pair assembly may include a first electrode configured for insertion into a first ear of a user, and a second electrode configured for insertion into a second ear of the user. Certain embodiments further include audio components positioned within a housing of at least one in-ear headphone to deliver audio stimulation through a central channel of a first electrode or second electrode, respectively.1. An electrode assembly for non-invasive nerve stimulation, comprising:
a first electrode forming a first body portion; a second electrode forming a second body portion complementary to the first body portion such that the first body portion of the first electrode and the second body portion of the second electrode in combination form a frustoconical-shape; and a shim positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate and electrically insulate the first electrode and the second electrode from each other; wherein the electrode assembly is configured for insertion into an ear of a user to form an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and a vagus nerve of the user to electrically stimulate the vagus nerve. 2. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise conductive silicone. 3. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the shim comprises a plastic material. 4. The electrode assembly of claim 1, further comprising a conductive gel covering at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode. 5. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein the conductive gel comprises a hydrogel. 6. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein:
the shim comprises a ridge that extends beyond the outer surface of the first electrode and the second electrode; the conductive gel comprises a first gel portion covering at least a portion of the first electrode and a second gel portion covering at least a portion of the second electrode; and the first gel portion and the second gel portion are electrically insulated from each other by the ridge. 7. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are substantially a same size and the shim is positioned in an approximate middle of the electrode assembly. 8. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are differently sized and the shim is positioned offset from a middle of the electrode assembly. 9. An in-ear headphone, comprising:
a housing; an electrode assembly forming an in-ear headphone tip attached to the housing, the electrode assembly comprising:
a first electrode forming a first body portion;
a second electrode forming a second body portion complementary to the first body portion such that the first body portion of the first electrode and the second body portion of the second electrode in combination form a frustoconical-shape; and
a shim positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate and electrically insulate the first electrode and the second electrode from each other;
wherein the electrode assembly is configured for insertion into an ear of a user to form an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and a vagus nerve of the user to electrically stimulate the vagus nerve; and
a waveform generator positioned within the housing and configured to apply an electric signal to the electrode assembly to stimulate the vagus nerve. 10. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise conductive silicone. 11. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the shim comprises a plastic material. 12. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, further comprising a conductive gel covering at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode. 13. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the in-ear headphone comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver configured to permit wireless communication with an electronic device external to the in-ear headphone. 14. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the in-ear headphone is configured to allow a user to adjust an operating parameter of the waveform generator by an electronic device, the operating parameter comprising at least one of intensity, duration, or pulse pattern. 15. The in-ear headphone of claim 9, wherein the in-ear headphone comprises audio components within the housing, the audio components configured to deliver audio stimulation through a central channel defined in the electrode assembly, the in-ear headphone configured to provide the audio stimulation concurrently with electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. 16. An in-ear headphone pair, comprising:
a right in-ear headphone configured for insertion into a right ear, the right in-ear headphone comprising audio components configured to deliver audio stimulation to the right ear; and a left in-ear headphone configured for insertion into a left ear, the left in-ear headphone comprising: a housing; an electrode assembly forming an in-ear headphone tip attached to the housing, the electrode assembly comprising:
a first electrode forming a first body portion;
a second electrode forming a second body portion complementary to the first body portion such that the first body portion of the first electrode and the second body portion of the second electrode in combination form a frustoconical-shape; and
a shim positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate and electrically insulate the first electrode and the second electrode from each other;
wherein the electrode assembly is configured for insertion into an ear of a user to form an electrical circuit including the first electrode, the second electrode, and a vagus nerve of the user to electrically stimulate the vagus nerve; and
a waveform generator positioned within the housing and configured to apply an electrical signal to the electrode assembly to stimulate the vagus nerve; and audio components positioned within the housing and configured to deliver audio stimulation to the left ear through a central channel of the electrode assembly. 17. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise conductive silicone. 18. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the shim comprises a plastic material. 19. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, further comprising a conductive gel covering at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode. 20. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the in-ear headphone pair comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver configured to permit wireless communication with an electronic device external to the in-ear headphone pair. 21. The in-ear headphone pair of claim 16, wherein the left in-ear headphone is configured to deliver the audio stimulation concurrently with electrical stimulation. 22-43. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,010 | 16,642,752 | 2,894 | Cosmetic compositions for the cosmetic treatment of keratinous fibers, containing, in each case based on their weight: | 1. A cosmetic composition for the cosmetic treatment of keratinous fibers, comprising, in each case based on a total weight of the cosmetic composition:
(a) fibers, (b) ethanol, (c) at least one polymer, (d) a propellant, (e) from 0 to about 10% by weight of a dye, (f) from 0 to about 10% by weight of a pigment, wherein a sum of the quantities of ingredients (e) and (f) is from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight. 2. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the percentage by weight of the fibers in the total weight of the cosmetic composition is from about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight. 3. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight of the dye, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 4. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight of the pigment, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 5. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises at least one pigment selected from the group of CI12490, CI14700, CI14720, CI15510, CI15985, CI45380, CI47005, CI60730, CI61565, CI73360, CI74160, CI77007, CI77019, CI77288, CI77289, CI77491, CI77492, wherein the total amount of pigment from this group is from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight, based on a total weight of the cosmetic composition. 6. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the fibers have a length of from about 1.0 to about 200 μm. 7. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 0.5 to about 8.0% by weight of the at least one polymer, base on total weight of the cosmetic composition. 8. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 20 to about 50% by weight of the ethanol, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 9. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 30 to about 70% by weight of the propellant, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 10. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises as a further component from about 1.0 to about 10% by weight of at least one starch compound, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 11. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the ingredient (e) in the form of a starch-dye compound. 12. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the ingredients (a) and (e) in the form of a fiber-dye compound. 13. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in the form of a fiber-pigment compound. 14. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the dye in the form of a dyed rice starch. 15. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in the form of a pigmented rice starch. 16. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the dye in the form of a dyed fiber. 17. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in the form of a pigmented fiber. 18. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises fibers in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 19. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the dye in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 8 weight percent, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 20. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 8 weight percent, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. | Cosmetic compositions for the cosmetic treatment of keratinous fibers, containing, in each case based on their weight:1. A cosmetic composition for the cosmetic treatment of keratinous fibers, comprising, in each case based on a total weight of the cosmetic composition:
(a) fibers, (b) ethanol, (c) at least one polymer, (d) a propellant, (e) from 0 to about 10% by weight of a dye, (f) from 0 to about 10% by weight of a pigment, wherein a sum of the quantities of ingredients (e) and (f) is from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight. 2. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the percentage by weight of the fibers in the total weight of the cosmetic composition is from about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight. 3. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight of the dye, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 4. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight of the pigment, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 5. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises at least one pigment selected from the group of CI12490, CI14700, CI14720, CI15510, CI15985, CI45380, CI47005, CI60730, CI61565, CI73360, CI74160, CI77007, CI77019, CI77288, CI77289, CI77491, CI77492, wherein the total amount of pigment from this group is from about 0.0001 to about 10% by weight, based on a total weight of the cosmetic composition. 6. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the fibers have a length of from about 1.0 to about 200 μm. 7. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 0.5 to about 8.0% by weight of the at least one polymer, base on total weight of the cosmetic composition. 8. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 20 to about 50% by weight of the ethanol, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 9. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises from about 30 to about 70% by weight of the propellant, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 10. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises as a further component from about 1.0 to about 10% by weight of at least one starch compound, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 11. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the ingredient (e) in the form of a starch-dye compound. 12. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the ingredients (a) and (e) in the form of a fiber-dye compound. 13. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in the form of a fiber-pigment compound. 14. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the dye in the form of a dyed rice starch. 15. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in the form of a pigmented rice starch. 16. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the dye in the form of a dyed fiber. 17. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in the form of a pigmented fiber. 18. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises fibers in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 19. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the dye in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 8 weight percent, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 20. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises the pigment in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 8 weight percent, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition. | 2,800 |
343,011 | 16,642,746 | 2,894 | A pressure resistant device includes a tubular main body portion, a lid portion having a wall portion joined to the main body portion, a positioning portion provided to oppose an inner peripheral surfaces of the main body portion and the wall portion, and a groove portion formed on the inner peripheral surface, and the positioning portion is provided to oppose an edge of the groove portion. | 1. A pressure resistant device, comprising:
a tubular main body portion; a lid portion having an annular wall portion, the wall portion and the main body portion being joined to each other to close an opening of the main body portion; a positioning portion provided to oppose at least one of inner peripheral surfaces of the main body portion and the wall portion, the positioning portion being configured to determine relative positions of the main body portion and the lid portion; and a groove portion formed on the at least one of the inner peripheral surfaces of the main body portion and the wall portion, the groove portion extending in the circumferential direction, wherein the positioning portion is provided to oppose an edge of the groove portion. 2. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
the positioning portion is formed separately from the main body portion and the lid portion, and provided to oppose the inner peripheral surfaces of both the main body portion and the wall portion. 3. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
the positioning portion is provided so that a position of an edge of the positioning portion matches with a position of the edge of the groove portion. 4. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
the positioning portion is provided to cover the groove portion. 5. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
an inside surface of the groove portion has a first curved surface portion formed in a curved surface from a bottom portion of the groove portion toward a joining portion between the wall portion and the main body portion, and a second curved surface portion formed in a curved surface from the bottom portion of the groove portion toward the opposite side of the joining portion, and a curvature radius of the first curved surface portion is smaller than a curvature radius of the second curved surface portion. 6. A fluid pressure cylinder that is extended and contracted by supplying and discharging a working fluid to and from a cylinder, wherein
the cylinder comprises the pressure resistant device according to claim 1. | A pressure resistant device includes a tubular main body portion, a lid portion having a wall portion joined to the main body portion, a positioning portion provided to oppose an inner peripheral surfaces of the main body portion and the wall portion, and a groove portion formed on the inner peripheral surface, and the positioning portion is provided to oppose an edge of the groove portion.1. A pressure resistant device, comprising:
a tubular main body portion; a lid portion having an annular wall portion, the wall portion and the main body portion being joined to each other to close an opening of the main body portion; a positioning portion provided to oppose at least one of inner peripheral surfaces of the main body portion and the wall portion, the positioning portion being configured to determine relative positions of the main body portion and the lid portion; and a groove portion formed on the at least one of the inner peripheral surfaces of the main body portion and the wall portion, the groove portion extending in the circumferential direction, wherein the positioning portion is provided to oppose an edge of the groove portion. 2. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
the positioning portion is formed separately from the main body portion and the lid portion, and provided to oppose the inner peripheral surfaces of both the main body portion and the wall portion. 3. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
the positioning portion is provided so that a position of an edge of the positioning portion matches with a position of the edge of the groove portion. 4. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
the positioning portion is provided to cover the groove portion. 5. The pressure resistant device according to claim 1, wherein
an inside surface of the groove portion has a first curved surface portion formed in a curved surface from a bottom portion of the groove portion toward a joining portion between the wall portion and the main body portion, and a second curved surface portion formed in a curved surface from the bottom portion of the groove portion toward the opposite side of the joining portion, and a curvature radius of the first curved surface portion is smaller than a curvature radius of the second curved surface portion. 6. A fluid pressure cylinder that is extended and contracted by supplying and discharging a working fluid to and from a cylinder, wherein
the cylinder comprises the pressure resistant device according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
343,012 | 16,642,744 | 2,894 | A method of processing of a sequence of video frames from a camera capturing a writing surface for subsequent transmission to at least one of a remote videoconferencing client and a remote videoconferencing server. The method comprises receiving the sequence of video frames from the camera; and selecting an image area of interest in the video frames, comprising selecting one of a sub-area of the video frames and an entire area of the video frames. The method also comprises, for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames, generating a pen stroke mask by applying adaptive thresholding to the image area of interest. The method also comprises generating an output video frame using the pen stroke mask. Corresponding systems and computer readable media are disclosed. | 1. A method of processing of a sequence of video frames from a camera capturing a writing surface for subsequent transmission to at least one of a remote videoconferencing client and a remote videoconferencing server, the method comprising:
receiving the sequence of video frames from the camera; selecting an image area of interest in the video frames, comprising selecting one of a sub-area of the video frames and an entire area of the video frames; and for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames:
generating a pen stroke mask by applying adaptive thresholding to the image area of interest; and
generating an output video frame using the pen stroke mask. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the processing is performed real-time. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the image area of interest comprises the writing surface. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames transforming the image area of interest into a rectangular area. 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of video frames is received from a camera equipped with a fisheye lens, and the method further comprises de-warping the video frames. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of video frames is received from an HDR camera, and the method further comprises tone-mapping the video frames. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames:
generating an intermediate mask by applying adaptive thresholding to the image area of interest of the current video frame; determining a smoothed mask by temporal smoothing the intermediate masks of a predetermined number of video frames; and applying a predetermined threshold to the smoothed mask to generate the pen stroke mask. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames:
determining a smoothed image by temporal smoothing of the image area of interest of a predetermined number of video frames; and applying adaptive thresholding to the smoothed image to generate the pen stroke mask. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating the output video frame using the pen stroke mask comprises applying the pen stroke mask to the image area of interest of the current video frame to generate a pen stroke image. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating the output video frame using the pen stroke mask comprises applying an image enhancement process to at least the image area of interest of the current video frame to generate an enhanced image, and applying the pen stroke mask to the enhanced image to generate an enhanced pen stroke image. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises applying an image enhancement process to the pen stroke image to generate an enhanced pen stroke image. 13-15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises:
generating an inverted mask by inverting the stroke mask; generating a background image by applying the inverted mask to the image area of interest of the current video frame; and adding the background image to the pen stroke image or the enhanced pen stroke image respectively, to obtain a combined image. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises, calculating a weighted sum of at least one of: A) the pen stroke image or the enhanced pen stroke image; or B) the image area of interest of the current video frame or the smoothed mask or the pen stroke mask. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises, calculating a weighted sum of at least one of: A) the combined image; or B) the image area of interest of the current video frame or the smoothed mask. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for executing the method of claim 1. 20. A data-processing system configured to perform the method according to claim 1. 21. A videoconferencing system comprising:
a display; a camera having a physical writing surface in its field of view; a phone; and a control system configured to perform, during a setup phase, the following steps:
capturing at least one image using the camera;
rendering the at least one image on the display;
obtaining via the phone a user selection of a region of the at least one image, the region comprising an image of the physical writing surface; and
saving a physical writing surface location to memory, the saved physical writing surface location corresponding to the region. 22. The videoconferencing system of claim 21, wherein obtaining the user selection of the region comprises:
enabling the user to set, via the phone, at least one of the size, shape or position of a representation of the region in the at least one image rendered on the display. 23. The videoconferencing system of claim 22, wherein enabling the user to set said at least one of the size, shape or position of the representation of the region comprises:
displaying a first shape on a touchscreen of the phone, the first shape being representative of a pre-selection of the region; displaying a second shape on the display, the second shape corresponding to the first shape; 24. The videoconferencing system of claim 21, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during a videoconference, the following steps:
receiving via the phone a share-writing-surface instruction; accessing the saved physical writing surface location; and magnifying the image of the physical writing surface so that it occupies at least a majority of the pixels of an output stream of video frames,
wherein at least said magnifying is responsive to the share-writing-surface instruction. 25. The videoconferencing system of claim 24, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during the videoconference, the following further step:
performing a geometric transform on the image of the physical writing surface, whereby a substantially rectangular image of the physical writing surface is generated. 26. The videoconferencing system of claim 24, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during the videoconference, the following further step: performing enhancement processing on the image of the physical writing surface. 27. The videoconferencing system of claim 24, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during the videoconference, the following further step:
providing via the phone a share-writing-surface soft button, the selection of which generates the share-writing-surface instruction. 28-34. (canceled) | A method of processing of a sequence of video frames from a camera capturing a writing surface for subsequent transmission to at least one of a remote videoconferencing client and a remote videoconferencing server. The method comprises receiving the sequence of video frames from the camera; and selecting an image area of interest in the video frames, comprising selecting one of a sub-area of the video frames and an entire area of the video frames. The method also comprises, for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames, generating a pen stroke mask by applying adaptive thresholding to the image area of interest. The method also comprises generating an output video frame using the pen stroke mask. Corresponding systems and computer readable media are disclosed.1. A method of processing of a sequence of video frames from a camera capturing a writing surface for subsequent transmission to at least one of a remote videoconferencing client and a remote videoconferencing server, the method comprising:
receiving the sequence of video frames from the camera; selecting an image area of interest in the video frames, comprising selecting one of a sub-area of the video frames and an entire area of the video frames; and for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames:
generating a pen stroke mask by applying adaptive thresholding to the image area of interest; and
generating an output video frame using the pen stroke mask. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the processing is performed real-time. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the image area of interest comprises the writing surface. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames transforming the image area of interest into a rectangular area. 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of video frames is received from a camera equipped with a fisheye lens, and the method further comprises de-warping the video frames. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of video frames is received from an HDR camera, and the method further comprises tone-mapping the video frames. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames:
generating an intermediate mask by applying adaptive thresholding to the image area of interest of the current video frame; determining a smoothed mask by temporal smoothing the intermediate masks of a predetermined number of video frames; and applying a predetermined threshold to the smoothed mask to generate the pen stroke mask. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising for each current video frame of the sequence of video frames:
determining a smoothed image by temporal smoothing of the image area of interest of a predetermined number of video frames; and applying adaptive thresholding to the smoothed image to generate the pen stroke mask. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating the output video frame using the pen stroke mask comprises applying the pen stroke mask to the image area of interest of the current video frame to generate a pen stroke image. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating the output video frame using the pen stroke mask comprises applying an image enhancement process to at least the image area of interest of the current video frame to generate an enhanced image, and applying the pen stroke mask to the enhanced image to generate an enhanced pen stroke image. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises applying an image enhancement process to the pen stroke image to generate an enhanced pen stroke image. 13-15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises:
generating an inverted mask by inverting the stroke mask; generating a background image by applying the inverted mask to the image area of interest of the current video frame; and adding the background image to the pen stroke image or the enhanced pen stroke image respectively, to obtain a combined image. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises, calculating a weighted sum of at least one of: A) the pen stroke image or the enhanced pen stroke image; or B) the image area of interest of the current video frame or the smoothed mask or the pen stroke mask. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the step of generating the output video frame comprises, calculating a weighted sum of at least one of: A) the combined image; or B) the image area of interest of the current video frame or the smoothed mask. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for executing the method of claim 1. 20. A data-processing system configured to perform the method according to claim 1. 21. A videoconferencing system comprising:
a display; a camera having a physical writing surface in its field of view; a phone; and a control system configured to perform, during a setup phase, the following steps:
capturing at least one image using the camera;
rendering the at least one image on the display;
obtaining via the phone a user selection of a region of the at least one image, the region comprising an image of the physical writing surface; and
saving a physical writing surface location to memory, the saved physical writing surface location corresponding to the region. 22. The videoconferencing system of claim 21, wherein obtaining the user selection of the region comprises:
enabling the user to set, via the phone, at least one of the size, shape or position of a representation of the region in the at least one image rendered on the display. 23. The videoconferencing system of claim 22, wherein enabling the user to set said at least one of the size, shape or position of the representation of the region comprises:
displaying a first shape on a touchscreen of the phone, the first shape being representative of a pre-selection of the region; displaying a second shape on the display, the second shape corresponding to the first shape; 24. The videoconferencing system of claim 21, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during a videoconference, the following steps:
receiving via the phone a share-writing-surface instruction; accessing the saved physical writing surface location; and magnifying the image of the physical writing surface so that it occupies at least a majority of the pixels of an output stream of video frames,
wherein at least said magnifying is responsive to the share-writing-surface instruction. 25. The videoconferencing system of claim 24, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during the videoconference, the following further step:
performing a geometric transform on the image of the physical writing surface, whereby a substantially rectangular image of the physical writing surface is generated. 26. The videoconferencing system of claim 24, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during the videoconference, the following further step: performing enhancement processing on the image of the physical writing surface. 27. The videoconferencing system of claim 24, wherein the control system is configured to perform, during the videoconference, the following further step:
providing via the phone a share-writing-surface soft button, the selection of which generates the share-writing-surface instruction. 28-34. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,013 | 16,642,771 | 3,651 | A tray conveyor with trays driven by a linear synchronous motor. The trays are supported on a pair of guide rails in a conveyor frame. The trays include a permanent-magnet array whose magnetic field interacts with a traveling electromagnetic wave produced by a linear-motor stator extending along the conveyor between the guide rails to propel the tray in a conveying direction. | 1. A tray conveyor comprising:
a tray extending in length from a first end to a second end and in width from a first side to a second side and having a permanent-magnet array extending along its length; a conveyor frame extending in length in a conveying direction; a linear-motor stator mounted in the conveyor frame and producing an electromagnetic wave traveling along the length of the conveyor frame; a pair of guide rails flanking the linear-motor stator and supporting the tray on opposite sides of the permanent-magnet array; wherein the electromagnetic wave interacts with the permanent-magnet array to propel the tray along the guide rails in the conveying direction. 2. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the tray has projections extending downward at the first and second sides outside the guide rails to limit lateral drift of the tray by contact with the guide rails. 3. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the guide rails have vertical walls that extend to a height above the height of the tray to limit lateral drift of the tray by contact with the vertical walls. 4. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the guide rails define a conveying path that is horizontal along a first section of the conveying path and banked along a second section. 5. A tray conveyor as in claim 4 wherein the second section of the endless path is banked steeply enough for an article carried on the tray to fall off the first side of the tray. 6. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 comprising a housing for the linear-motor stator with a convexly curved upper surface and wherein the tray has a bottom with a concavely curved groove complementary in shape with the convexly curved upper surface of the of the housing. 7. A tray conveyor as in claim 6 wherein the housing has a circular cross section. 8. A tray conveyor as in claim 6 wherein the groove is circular and subtends an arc of less than 180°. 9. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the magnets in the permanent-magnet array have concavely curved, downward-facing pole faces and wherein the linear-motor stator has upward-facing, convex stator pole faces. 10. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the guide rails are passive guide rails devoid of sources of electromagnetism. 11. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the conveyor frame comprises a plurality of modular conveyor sections joined end to end, wherein each of the modular conveyor sections supports a length of the pair of guide rails and a length of the linear-motor stator to form an independent control zone coextensive with the modular conveyor section for propelling each of the trays passing through the control zone independently of the control zones in the other modular sections. 12. A tray conveyor comprising:
a tray extending in length from a first end to a second end and in width from a first side to a second side and including:
an article-supporting top;
a bottom having a first flat surface extending from the first side toward the second side, a second flat surface extending from the second side toward the first side, and a downward-facing central ridge between the first and second flat surfaces with a concave groove that extends along the length of the tray;
a permanent-magnet array housed in the central ridge interior to and along the groove;
first and second passive guide rails defining a conveying path in a conveying direction and supporting the tray under the first and second first and second flat surfaces; a linear-motor stator extending in length between the first and second guide rails and producing an electromagnetic wave that travels along the conveying path; a housing for the linear-motor stator having a convex upper surface received in the concave groove; wherein the electromagnetic wave interacts with the permanent-magnet array to propel the tray along the conveying path. 13. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the conveying path is horizontal along a first section of the conveying path and banked along a second section. 14. A tray conveyor as in claim 13 wherein the second section of the endless path is banked steeply enough for an article carried on the tray to fall off the first side of the tray. 15. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the housing for the linear-motor stator has a circular cross section. 16. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the groove is circular and subtends an arc of less than 180°. 17. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the magnets in the permanent-magnet array have concavely curved, downward-facing pole faces and wherein the linear-motor stator has upward-facing, convex stator pole faces. 18. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the conveying path is horizontal along two horizontal sections of the conveying path and banked along two banked turn sections joined with the two horizontal sections to form an endless conveyor loop. 19. A tray conveyor comprising:
a tray extending in length from a first end to a second end and in width from a first side to a second side; a conveyor frame extending in length in a conveying direction; a linear-motor stator mounted in one of the conveyor frame and the tray and producing an electromagnetic wave traveling along the length of the conveyor frame or the tray; a permanent-magnet array mounted in and extending along the length of the other of the conveyor frame and the tray; one or more passive guide rails supporting the tray from below; wherein the electromagnetic wave interacts with the permanent-magnet array to propel the tray along the guide rails in the conveying direction. 20. A tray conveyor as in claim 19 wherein the linear-motor stator is mounted in the conveyor frame and the one or more guide rails comprises a pair of guide rails flanking the linear-motor stator. | A tray conveyor with trays driven by a linear synchronous motor. The trays are supported on a pair of guide rails in a conveyor frame. The trays include a permanent-magnet array whose magnetic field interacts with a traveling electromagnetic wave produced by a linear-motor stator extending along the conveyor between the guide rails to propel the tray in a conveying direction.1. A tray conveyor comprising:
a tray extending in length from a first end to a second end and in width from a first side to a second side and having a permanent-magnet array extending along its length; a conveyor frame extending in length in a conveying direction; a linear-motor stator mounted in the conveyor frame and producing an electromagnetic wave traveling along the length of the conveyor frame; a pair of guide rails flanking the linear-motor stator and supporting the tray on opposite sides of the permanent-magnet array; wherein the electromagnetic wave interacts with the permanent-magnet array to propel the tray along the guide rails in the conveying direction. 2. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the tray has projections extending downward at the first and second sides outside the guide rails to limit lateral drift of the tray by contact with the guide rails. 3. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the guide rails have vertical walls that extend to a height above the height of the tray to limit lateral drift of the tray by contact with the vertical walls. 4. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the guide rails define a conveying path that is horizontal along a first section of the conveying path and banked along a second section. 5. A tray conveyor as in claim 4 wherein the second section of the endless path is banked steeply enough for an article carried on the tray to fall off the first side of the tray. 6. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 comprising a housing for the linear-motor stator with a convexly curved upper surface and wherein the tray has a bottom with a concavely curved groove complementary in shape with the convexly curved upper surface of the of the housing. 7. A tray conveyor as in claim 6 wherein the housing has a circular cross section. 8. A tray conveyor as in claim 6 wherein the groove is circular and subtends an arc of less than 180°. 9. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the magnets in the permanent-magnet array have concavely curved, downward-facing pole faces and wherein the linear-motor stator has upward-facing, convex stator pole faces. 10. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the guide rails are passive guide rails devoid of sources of electromagnetism. 11. A tray conveyor as in claim 1 wherein the conveyor frame comprises a plurality of modular conveyor sections joined end to end, wherein each of the modular conveyor sections supports a length of the pair of guide rails and a length of the linear-motor stator to form an independent control zone coextensive with the modular conveyor section for propelling each of the trays passing through the control zone independently of the control zones in the other modular sections. 12. A tray conveyor comprising:
a tray extending in length from a first end to a second end and in width from a first side to a second side and including:
an article-supporting top;
a bottom having a first flat surface extending from the first side toward the second side, a second flat surface extending from the second side toward the first side, and a downward-facing central ridge between the first and second flat surfaces with a concave groove that extends along the length of the tray;
a permanent-magnet array housed in the central ridge interior to and along the groove;
first and second passive guide rails defining a conveying path in a conveying direction and supporting the tray under the first and second first and second flat surfaces; a linear-motor stator extending in length between the first and second guide rails and producing an electromagnetic wave that travels along the conveying path; a housing for the linear-motor stator having a convex upper surface received in the concave groove; wherein the electromagnetic wave interacts with the permanent-magnet array to propel the tray along the conveying path. 13. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the conveying path is horizontal along a first section of the conveying path and banked along a second section. 14. A tray conveyor as in claim 13 wherein the second section of the endless path is banked steeply enough for an article carried on the tray to fall off the first side of the tray. 15. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the housing for the linear-motor stator has a circular cross section. 16. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the groove is circular and subtends an arc of less than 180°. 17. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the magnets in the permanent-magnet array have concavely curved, downward-facing pole faces and wherein the linear-motor stator has upward-facing, convex stator pole faces. 18. A tray conveyor as in claim 12 wherein the conveying path is horizontal along two horizontal sections of the conveying path and banked along two banked turn sections joined with the two horizontal sections to form an endless conveyor loop. 19. A tray conveyor comprising:
a tray extending in length from a first end to a second end and in width from a first side to a second side; a conveyor frame extending in length in a conveying direction; a linear-motor stator mounted in one of the conveyor frame and the tray and producing an electromagnetic wave traveling along the length of the conveyor frame or the tray; a permanent-magnet array mounted in and extending along the length of the other of the conveyor frame and the tray; one or more passive guide rails supporting the tray from below; wherein the electromagnetic wave interacts with the permanent-magnet array to propel the tray along the guide rails in the conveying direction. 20. A tray conveyor as in claim 19 wherein the linear-motor stator is mounted in the conveyor frame and the one or more guide rails comprises a pair of guide rails flanking the linear-motor stator. | 3,600 |
343,014 | 16,642,768 | 1,773 | According to the present disclosure, air cleaner assemblies, components, features, and methods relating thereto, are described. These features, in part, relate to configuration of a preferred seal arrangement and seal surface of the cartridge. Particular arrangements are shown, in which: the filter cartridge includes a seal arrangement having a axial pinch seal surface with a projection/recess contour including at least one projection thereon; and, the cartridge includes a seal contour projection stabilizing portion at a location in perimeter alignment with the portion of the seal pinch arrangement including the first housing engagement projection. Additional features are included that relate to clean air separator section tubes of a precleaner arrangement secured to a cartridge. These features can be used in cartridges including features outlined above, or in alternative cartridges. Additional features of air cleaner arrangements and filter cartridges in accord with the above are described. | 1. An air filter cartridge comprising:
(a) a filter media pack comprising first and second, opposite, flow ends with media extending therebetween;
(i) the media being closed to flow of air, passing into the first flow end, from exiting the second flow end without filtering flow through the media;
(b) a pinch seal arrangement having an axial pinch seal with: an outer peripheral surface; and, a first pinch seal housing engagement surface;
(i) the first pinch seal housing engagement surface being a contoured axial pinch seal surface with at least a first housing engagement projection thereon;
(ii) the first housing engagement projection including a first pinch seal projection extending further toward the second flow end than portions of the contoured axial pinch seal surface at immediate, opposite, peripheral, sides of the first housing engagement projection; and,
(c) a first preform having an outwardly projecting first preform flange having:
(i) a first seal contour projection stabilizing portion at a location in perimeter alignment with a portion of the pinch seal arrangement including the first housing engagement projection;
(ii) the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion being positioned, axially, with a portion thereon closer to the second flow end than portions of the preform flange located at immediate, opposite, peripheral, sides of the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion. 2. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a receiver recess positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack. 3. An air filter cartridge according to claim 2 wherein:
(a) the first preform flange traverses the receiver recess. 4. An air filter cartridge according to claim 2 wherein:
(a) the receiver recess includes an axially directed contoured end surface facing toward the second flow end. 5. An air filter cartridge according to claim 4 wherein:
(a) the axially directed contoured end surface includes a first projection section in perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection. 6. An air filter cartridge comprising:
(a) a filter media pack comprising first and second, opposite, flow ends with media extending therebetween;
(i) the media being closed to flow of air, passing into the first flow end, from entering the second flow end without filtering flow through the media;
(b) a pinch seal arrangement having an axial pinch seal with: an outer peripheral surface; and, a first pinch seal housing engagement surface;
(i) the first pinch seal housing engagement surface being a contoured axial pinch seal surface with at least a first housing engagement projection thereon;
(ii) the first housing engagement projection including a first pinch seal projection extending further toward the second flow end than portions of the contoured axial pinch seal surface at immediate, opposite, peripheral sides of the first housing engagement projection; and,
(iii) the pinch seal arrangement defining a receiver recess therein positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack; and,
(c) a first preform having:
(i) a first preform first projection section traversing the receiver recess at a location spaced from perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection; and,
(ii) a first projection contour stabilizing section positioned traversing the receiver recess at a location in perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection;
(A) the first projection contour stabilizing section of the preform having at least a portion oriented closer to the second flow end of the media pack than the first preform first projection section. 7. An air filter cartridge comprising:
(a) a filter media pack comprising first and second, opposite, flow ends with media extending therebetween;
(i) the media being closed to flow of air, passing into the first flow end, from entering the second flow end without filtering flow through the media;
(b) a pinch seal arrangement having an axial pinch seal with: an outer peripheral surface; and, a first pinch seal housing engagement surface;
(i) the first pinch seal housing engagement surface being a contoured axial pinch seal surface with at least a first housing engagement projection thereon;
(ii) the first housing engagement projection including a first pinch seal projection extending further toward the second flow end than portions of the contoured axial pinch seal surface at immediate, opposite, peripheral sides of the first housing engagement projection; and,
(c) a receiver recess positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack;
(i) the receiver recess including an axially directed contoured end surface, facing toward the second flow end, including a first projection section in perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection. 8. An air filter cartridge according to claim 7 including:
(a) a first preform having an outwardly projecting preform flange surrounding the media pack. 9. An air filter cartridge according to claim 8 wherein:
(a) the first preform flange includes a first seal contour projection stabilizing portion at a location in perimeter alignment with a portion of the pinch seal arrangement including the first housing engagement projection;
(i) the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion being positioned, axially, with a portion thereon closer to the second flow end than portions of the preform flange located at immediate, opposite, peripheral, sides of the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion. 10. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a sidewall section of a first preform surrounding a side of the media pack in extension from the pinch seal arrangement to the second flow end. 11. An air filter cartridge according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) the first preform, having the sidewall section thereon, includes a grid work arrangement thereon extending across the second flow end of the media pack. 12. An air filter cartridge according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) the first preform has an outwardly projecting first preform flange having at least a first peripheral resin flow recess embedded in the pinch seal arrangement. 13. An air filter cartridge according to claim 12 wherein:
(a) the first peripheral resin recess in the preform flange has a narrow peripheral neck and a wide internal resin receiver. 14. (canceled) 15. An air filter cartridge according to claim 12 wherein:
(a) the first preform has an outwardly projecting first preform flange having a first plurality of peripheral resin recesses embedded in the pinch seal arrangement. 16. An air filter cartridge according to claim 15 wherein:
(a) each of the first plurality of peripheral resin recesses each includes a narrow peripheral neck and a wide internal resin receiver. 17.-20. (canceled) 21. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a second preform having a portion surrounding the media pack adjacent the first flow end and embedded in the pinch seal arrangement. 22. An air filter cartridge according to claim 21 wherein:
(a) the second preform includes a handle thereon, in axial overlap with the first flow end of the media pack. 23. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the second preform includes a plurality of the spacer projections extending into the pinch seal arrangement to a location abutting the first preform. 24. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the second preform includes a grid work thereon extending across the first flow end of the media pack. 25. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a peripherally continuous receiver recess positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack. 26. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the media pack has an oval, cross-sectional, shape. 27. A filter cartridge according to claim 26 wherein:
(a) the media pack has an oval cross-sectional shape with a first and second, opposite, semi-circular ends; and, opposite first and second sides extending between the first and second semi-circular ends. 28.-30. (canceled) 31. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a preform sidewall, surrounding the media pack, having a perimeter shape that differs from the perimeter shape of the media pack. 32. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the media pack has a circular, cross-sectional, shape. 33. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the pinch seal arrangement includes a portion molded in contact with, and surrounding, the filter media pack. 34.-42. (canceled) 43. An air cleaner assembly comprising:
(a) a housing including: a body; an access cover; an air flow inlet; and, an air flow outlet; (b) an air filter cartridge in accord with claim 1, operably positioned in the housing with the axial pinch seal biased against the body by the access cover. 44.-72. (canceled) | According to the present disclosure, air cleaner assemblies, components, features, and methods relating thereto, are described. These features, in part, relate to configuration of a preferred seal arrangement and seal surface of the cartridge. Particular arrangements are shown, in which: the filter cartridge includes a seal arrangement having a axial pinch seal surface with a projection/recess contour including at least one projection thereon; and, the cartridge includes a seal contour projection stabilizing portion at a location in perimeter alignment with the portion of the seal pinch arrangement including the first housing engagement projection. Additional features are included that relate to clean air separator section tubes of a precleaner arrangement secured to a cartridge. These features can be used in cartridges including features outlined above, or in alternative cartridges. Additional features of air cleaner arrangements and filter cartridges in accord with the above are described.1. An air filter cartridge comprising:
(a) a filter media pack comprising first and second, opposite, flow ends with media extending therebetween;
(i) the media being closed to flow of air, passing into the first flow end, from exiting the second flow end without filtering flow through the media;
(b) a pinch seal arrangement having an axial pinch seal with: an outer peripheral surface; and, a first pinch seal housing engagement surface;
(i) the first pinch seal housing engagement surface being a contoured axial pinch seal surface with at least a first housing engagement projection thereon;
(ii) the first housing engagement projection including a first pinch seal projection extending further toward the second flow end than portions of the contoured axial pinch seal surface at immediate, opposite, peripheral, sides of the first housing engagement projection; and,
(c) a first preform having an outwardly projecting first preform flange having:
(i) a first seal contour projection stabilizing portion at a location in perimeter alignment with a portion of the pinch seal arrangement including the first housing engagement projection;
(ii) the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion being positioned, axially, with a portion thereon closer to the second flow end than portions of the preform flange located at immediate, opposite, peripheral, sides of the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion. 2. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a receiver recess positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack. 3. An air filter cartridge according to claim 2 wherein:
(a) the first preform flange traverses the receiver recess. 4. An air filter cartridge according to claim 2 wherein:
(a) the receiver recess includes an axially directed contoured end surface facing toward the second flow end. 5. An air filter cartridge according to claim 4 wherein:
(a) the axially directed contoured end surface includes a first projection section in perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection. 6. An air filter cartridge comprising:
(a) a filter media pack comprising first and second, opposite, flow ends with media extending therebetween;
(i) the media being closed to flow of air, passing into the first flow end, from entering the second flow end without filtering flow through the media;
(b) a pinch seal arrangement having an axial pinch seal with: an outer peripheral surface; and, a first pinch seal housing engagement surface;
(i) the first pinch seal housing engagement surface being a contoured axial pinch seal surface with at least a first housing engagement projection thereon;
(ii) the first housing engagement projection including a first pinch seal projection extending further toward the second flow end than portions of the contoured axial pinch seal surface at immediate, opposite, peripheral sides of the first housing engagement projection; and,
(iii) the pinch seal arrangement defining a receiver recess therein positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack; and,
(c) a first preform having:
(i) a first preform first projection section traversing the receiver recess at a location spaced from perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection; and,
(ii) a first projection contour stabilizing section positioned traversing the receiver recess at a location in perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection;
(A) the first projection contour stabilizing section of the preform having at least a portion oriented closer to the second flow end of the media pack than the first preform first projection section. 7. An air filter cartridge comprising:
(a) a filter media pack comprising first and second, opposite, flow ends with media extending therebetween;
(i) the media being closed to flow of air, passing into the first flow end, from entering the second flow end without filtering flow through the media;
(b) a pinch seal arrangement having an axial pinch seal with: an outer peripheral surface; and, a first pinch seal housing engagement surface;
(i) the first pinch seal housing engagement surface being a contoured axial pinch seal surface with at least a first housing engagement projection thereon;
(ii) the first housing engagement projection including a first pinch seal projection extending further toward the second flow end than portions of the contoured axial pinch seal surface at immediate, opposite, peripheral sides of the first housing engagement projection; and,
(c) a receiver recess positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack;
(i) the receiver recess including an axially directed contoured end surface, facing toward the second flow end, including a first projection section in perimeter alignment with the first housing engagement projection. 8. An air filter cartridge according to claim 7 including:
(a) a first preform having an outwardly projecting preform flange surrounding the media pack. 9. An air filter cartridge according to claim 8 wherein:
(a) the first preform flange includes a first seal contour projection stabilizing portion at a location in perimeter alignment with a portion of the pinch seal arrangement including the first housing engagement projection;
(i) the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion being positioned, axially, with a portion thereon closer to the second flow end than portions of the preform flange located at immediate, opposite, peripheral, sides of the first seal contour projection stabilizing portion. 10. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a sidewall section of a first preform surrounding a side of the media pack in extension from the pinch seal arrangement to the second flow end. 11. An air filter cartridge according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) the first preform, having the sidewall section thereon, includes a grid work arrangement thereon extending across the second flow end of the media pack. 12. An air filter cartridge according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) the first preform has an outwardly projecting first preform flange having at least a first peripheral resin flow recess embedded in the pinch seal arrangement. 13. An air filter cartridge according to claim 12 wherein:
(a) the first peripheral resin recess in the preform flange has a narrow peripheral neck and a wide internal resin receiver. 14. (canceled) 15. An air filter cartridge according to claim 12 wherein:
(a) the first preform has an outwardly projecting first preform flange having a first plurality of peripheral resin recesses embedded in the pinch seal arrangement. 16. An air filter cartridge according to claim 15 wherein:
(a) each of the first plurality of peripheral resin recesses each includes a narrow peripheral neck and a wide internal resin receiver. 17.-20. (canceled) 21. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a second preform having a portion surrounding the media pack adjacent the first flow end and embedded in the pinch seal arrangement. 22. An air filter cartridge according to claim 21 wherein:
(a) the second preform includes a handle thereon, in axial overlap with the first flow end of the media pack. 23. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the second preform includes a plurality of the spacer projections extending into the pinch seal arrangement to a location abutting the first preform. 24. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the second preform includes a grid work thereon extending across the first flow end of the media pack. 25. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a peripherally continuous receiver recess positioned between a portion of the pinch seal arrangement and the media pack. 26. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the media pack has an oval, cross-sectional, shape. 27. A filter cartridge according to claim 26 wherein:
(a) the media pack has an oval cross-sectional shape with a first and second, opposite, semi-circular ends; and, opposite first and second sides extending between the first and second semi-circular ends. 28.-30. (canceled) 31. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 including:
(a) a preform sidewall, surrounding the media pack, having a perimeter shape that differs from the perimeter shape of the media pack. 32. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the media pack has a circular, cross-sectional, shape. 33. An air filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the pinch seal arrangement includes a portion molded in contact with, and surrounding, the filter media pack. 34.-42. (canceled) 43. An air cleaner assembly comprising:
(a) a housing including: a body; an access cover; an air flow inlet; and, an air flow outlet; (b) an air filter cartridge in accord with claim 1, operably positioned in the housing with the axial pinch seal biased against the body by the access cover. 44.-72. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,015 | 16,642,769 | 1,773 | Disclosed are agents and methods for treating unwanted or deleterious immune responses. More particularly, the present invention discloses neuritin agents for use in inhibiting plasma cell (PC) differentiation, reducing the number of autoreactive B cells, treating, or inhibiting the development or progression of, autoreactive B cell disorders including B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and IgE-mediated disorders and of monoclonal gammopathies and PC dyscrasias. | 1. A method for inhibiting plasma cell (PC) differentiation in a subject, the method comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of contacting a B cell of the subject with a neuritin polypeptide, to thereby inhibit PC differentiation in the subject. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PC differentiation is associated with production of autoreactive B cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the PC differentiation is associated with the presence or risk of development of an autoreactive B cell disorder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the autoreactive B cell disorder is a B cell-mediated autoimmune disease. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the autoreactive B cell disorder is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the autoreactive B cell disorder is an organ-specific autoimmune disease selected from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SjS), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, graft versus host disease, dermatomyositis (DM), type I diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves's disease, Addison's disease, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, pernicious anemia, Pemphigus vulgaris, Vitiligo, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, giant cell arteritis, Myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis (MS), suitably relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, colitis ulcerosa, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Anti-phospholipid syndrome, narcolepsy, sarcoidosis, and Wegener's granulomatosis. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PC differentiation is associated with the presence or risk of development of an IgE-mediated disorder. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is an atopic disorder. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the atopic disorder is selected from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis (conjunctivitis), atopic dermatitis, food allergy, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, allergic gastroenteropathy, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and allergic purpura (Henoch-Schonlein). 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is an allergy. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with an environmental allergen selected from seasonal, perennial and occupational allergens. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with a seasonal allergens, wherein the seasonal allergen is a pollen. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with a perennial allergen, wherein the perennial allergen is selected from fungi, feathers, animal debris and insect debris. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with an occupational allergens, wherein the occupational allergen is selected from animal antigens plant antigens, drugs, detergents, metals and immunoenhancers. 16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is selected from ataxia-telangiectasia, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, eczema, enteritis, gastroenteropathy, graft-versus-host reaction, hyper-IgE (Job's) syndrome, hypersensitivity, IgE myeloma, inflammatory bowel disease, mucositis, necrotizing enterocolitis and esophagitis, parasitic diseases, hypersensitivity vasculitis, urticaria, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is selected from Addison's disease (chronic adrenocortical insufficiency), alopecia, hereditary angioedema, angioedema (Bannister's disease, angioneurotic edema), ankylosing spondylitis, aplastic anemia, arteritis, amyloidosis, immune disorders, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune oophoritis, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune polyendocrine failure, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmunocytopenia, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, Behcet's disease, bronchitis, Buerger's disease, bullous pemphigoid, Caplan's syndrome (rheumatoid pneumoconiosis), carditis, celiac sprue, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), Cogan-Reese syndrome (iridocorneal endothelial syndrome), CREST syndrome, dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's disease), diabetes mellitus, eosinophilic fasciitis, eosinophilic nephritis, episcleritis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, familial paroxysmal polyserositis, Felty's syndrome, fibrosing alveolitis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, granulocytopenia, granuloma, granulomatosis, granuloma myositis, Graves' disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome (polyneuritis), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (lymphadenoid goiter), hemochromatosis, histocytosis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, juvenile arthritis, keratitis, leprosy, SLE, Lyell's disease, Lyme disease, mixed connective tissue disease, mononeuritis, mononeuritis multiplex, Muckle-Wells syndrome, mucocutaneous lymphoid syndrome (Kawasaki's disease), multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, MS, myasthenia gravis, mycosis fungoides, panniculitis, pemphigoid, pemphigus, pericarditis, polyneuritis, polyarteritis nodosa, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pulmonary arthritis, pulmonary adenomatosis, pulmonary fibrosis, relapsing polychondritis, rheumatic fever, RA, rhinosinusitis (sinusitis), sarcoidosis, scleritis, sclerosing cholangitis, serum sickness, Sézary syndrome, SjS, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, transplant rejection, thrombocytopenic purpura, thymic alymphoplasia, uveitis, vitiligo, Wegener's granulomatosis. 20.-54. (canceled) 55. The method of claim 1, wherein the neuritin polypeptide is linked to all or part of an immunoglobulin constant region. 56. (canceled) 57. The method of claim 1, wherein the neuritin polypeptide is conjugated to a polymer. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the polymer is a polyethylene glycol. 59.-60. (canceled) | Disclosed are agents and methods for treating unwanted or deleterious immune responses. More particularly, the present invention discloses neuritin agents for use in inhibiting plasma cell (PC) differentiation, reducing the number of autoreactive B cells, treating, or inhibiting the development or progression of, autoreactive B cell disorders including B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and IgE-mediated disorders and of monoclonal gammopathies and PC dyscrasias.1. A method for inhibiting plasma cell (PC) differentiation in a subject, the method comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of contacting a B cell of the subject with a neuritin polypeptide, to thereby inhibit PC differentiation in the subject. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PC differentiation is associated with production of autoreactive B cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the PC differentiation is associated with the presence or risk of development of an autoreactive B cell disorder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the autoreactive B cell disorder is a B cell-mediated autoimmune disease. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the autoreactive B cell disorder is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the autoreactive B cell disorder is an organ-specific autoimmune disease selected from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SjS), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, graft versus host disease, dermatomyositis (DM), type I diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves's disease, Addison's disease, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, pernicious anemia, Pemphigus vulgaris, Vitiligo, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, giant cell arteritis, Myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis (MS), suitably relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, colitis ulcerosa, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Anti-phospholipid syndrome, narcolepsy, sarcoidosis, and Wegener's granulomatosis. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PC differentiation is associated with the presence or risk of development of an IgE-mediated disorder. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is an atopic disorder. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the atopic disorder is selected from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis (conjunctivitis), atopic dermatitis, food allergy, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, allergic gastroenteropathy, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and allergic purpura (Henoch-Schonlein). 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is an allergy. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with an environmental allergen selected from seasonal, perennial and occupational allergens. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with a seasonal allergens, wherein the seasonal allergen is a pollen. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with a perennial allergen, wherein the perennial allergen is selected from fungi, feathers, animal debris and insect debris. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the allergy is associated with an occupational allergens, wherein the occupational allergen is selected from animal antigens plant antigens, drugs, detergents, metals and immunoenhancers. 16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is selected from ataxia-telangiectasia, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, eczema, enteritis, gastroenteropathy, graft-versus-host reaction, hyper-IgE (Job's) syndrome, hypersensitivity, IgE myeloma, inflammatory bowel disease, mucositis, necrotizing enterocolitis and esophagitis, parasitic diseases, hypersensitivity vasculitis, urticaria, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the IgE-mediated disorder is selected from Addison's disease (chronic adrenocortical insufficiency), alopecia, hereditary angioedema, angioedema (Bannister's disease, angioneurotic edema), ankylosing spondylitis, aplastic anemia, arteritis, amyloidosis, immune disorders, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune oophoritis, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune polyendocrine failure, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmunocytopenia, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, Behcet's disease, bronchitis, Buerger's disease, bullous pemphigoid, Caplan's syndrome (rheumatoid pneumoconiosis), carditis, celiac sprue, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), Cogan-Reese syndrome (iridocorneal endothelial syndrome), CREST syndrome, dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's disease), diabetes mellitus, eosinophilic fasciitis, eosinophilic nephritis, episcleritis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, familial paroxysmal polyserositis, Felty's syndrome, fibrosing alveolitis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, granulocytopenia, granuloma, granulomatosis, granuloma myositis, Graves' disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome (polyneuritis), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (lymphadenoid goiter), hemochromatosis, histocytosis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, juvenile arthritis, keratitis, leprosy, SLE, Lyell's disease, Lyme disease, mixed connective tissue disease, mononeuritis, mononeuritis multiplex, Muckle-Wells syndrome, mucocutaneous lymphoid syndrome (Kawasaki's disease), multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, MS, myasthenia gravis, mycosis fungoides, panniculitis, pemphigoid, pemphigus, pericarditis, polyneuritis, polyarteritis nodosa, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pulmonary arthritis, pulmonary adenomatosis, pulmonary fibrosis, relapsing polychondritis, rheumatic fever, RA, rhinosinusitis (sinusitis), sarcoidosis, scleritis, sclerosing cholangitis, serum sickness, Sézary syndrome, SjS, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, transplant rejection, thrombocytopenic purpura, thymic alymphoplasia, uveitis, vitiligo, Wegener's granulomatosis. 20.-54. (canceled) 55. The method of claim 1, wherein the neuritin polypeptide is linked to all or part of an immunoglobulin constant region. 56. (canceled) 57. The method of claim 1, wherein the neuritin polypeptide is conjugated to a polymer. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the polymer is a polyethylene glycol. 59.-60. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,016 | 16,642,733 | 1,773 | In an electric power steering device, a control unit includes: a power module including a plurality of switching elements configured to supply current to motor windings of a motor; a control board configured to output a control signal to each of the plurality of switching elements; a housing forming an outer case of the control unit; a power supply connector; and a signal connector. The control board is provided in parallel to the axial direction of the output shaft of the motor, and a projection is formed at a bottom portion on the non-output side of the housing so as to protrude to the non-output side. A non-output side end portion of the control board is inserted into the projection, and the power supply connector and the signal connector are provided in a region other than the projection of an outer wall surface of the bottom portion. | 1. An electric power steering device, comprising:
a motor; and a control unit provided on a non-output side in an axial direction of an output shaft of the motor to be integrated with the motor, the control unit including: a power module including a plurality of switching elements configured to supply current to motor windings of the motor; a control board configured to output a control signal to each of the plurality of switching elements; a heat sink, to which the power module is mounted, and is configured to release heat generated in the plurality of switching elements; a housing forming an outer case of the control unit; a power supply connector; and a signal connector, wherein the control board is provided in parallel to the axial direction of the output shaft, wherein a projection is formed at a bottom portion on the non-output side of the housing so as to protrude to the non-output side, wherein a non-output side end portion of the control board is inserted into the projection, and wherein the power supply connector and the signal connector are provided in a region other than the projection of an outer wall surface of the bottom portion. 2. The electric power steering device according to claim 1,
wherein a hole is formed to pass through the bottom portion, and wherein an extension terminal extending from a contact pin of at least one connector out of the power supply connector and the signal connector, and each of relay terminals to be connected to the extension terminal, which extend from the control board and the power module, are led out to the non-output side through the hole and connected to each other. 3. The electric power steering device according to claim 2, wherein the projection, the hole, and the at least one connector are each formed linearly, and arranged in this order in parallel to one another in a direction orthogonal to a length direction of the projection. 4. The electric power steering device according to claim 2, wherein the hole is formed linearly, and connection portions between the extension terminals and the relay terminals are arranged in a row in the hole. 5. The electric power steering device according claim 2, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. 6. The electric power steering device according to claim 1,
wherein at least one connector out of the power supply connector and the signal connector is provided on a radially outer side of the projection at the outer wall surface of the bottom portion, and wherein an extension terminal extending from a contact pin of the at least one connector is directly connected to the control board. 7. The electric power steering device according to claim 3, wherein the hole is formed linearly, and connection portions between the extension terminals and the relay terminals are arranged in a row in the hole. 8. The electric power steering device according to claim 3, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. 9. The electric power steering device according to claim 4, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. 10. The electric power steering device according to claim 7, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. | In an electric power steering device, a control unit includes: a power module including a plurality of switching elements configured to supply current to motor windings of a motor; a control board configured to output a control signal to each of the plurality of switching elements; a housing forming an outer case of the control unit; a power supply connector; and a signal connector. The control board is provided in parallel to the axial direction of the output shaft of the motor, and a projection is formed at a bottom portion on the non-output side of the housing so as to protrude to the non-output side. A non-output side end portion of the control board is inserted into the projection, and the power supply connector and the signal connector are provided in a region other than the projection of an outer wall surface of the bottom portion.1. An electric power steering device, comprising:
a motor; and a control unit provided on a non-output side in an axial direction of an output shaft of the motor to be integrated with the motor, the control unit including: a power module including a plurality of switching elements configured to supply current to motor windings of the motor; a control board configured to output a control signal to each of the plurality of switching elements; a heat sink, to which the power module is mounted, and is configured to release heat generated in the plurality of switching elements; a housing forming an outer case of the control unit; a power supply connector; and a signal connector, wherein the control board is provided in parallel to the axial direction of the output shaft, wherein a projection is formed at a bottom portion on the non-output side of the housing so as to protrude to the non-output side, wherein a non-output side end portion of the control board is inserted into the projection, and wherein the power supply connector and the signal connector are provided in a region other than the projection of an outer wall surface of the bottom portion. 2. The electric power steering device according to claim 1,
wherein a hole is formed to pass through the bottom portion, and wherein an extension terminal extending from a contact pin of at least one connector out of the power supply connector and the signal connector, and each of relay terminals to be connected to the extension terminal, which extend from the control board and the power module, are led out to the non-output side through the hole and connected to each other. 3. The electric power steering device according to claim 2, wherein the projection, the hole, and the at least one connector are each formed linearly, and arranged in this order in parallel to one another in a direction orthogonal to a length direction of the projection. 4. The electric power steering device according to claim 2, wherein the hole is formed linearly, and connection portions between the extension terminals and the relay terminals are arranged in a row in the hole. 5. The electric power steering device according claim 2, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. 6. The electric power steering device according to claim 1,
wherein at least one connector out of the power supply connector and the signal connector is provided on a radially outer side of the projection at the outer wall surface of the bottom portion, and wherein an extension terminal extending from a contact pin of the at least one connector is directly connected to the control board. 7. The electric power steering device according to claim 3, wherein the hole is formed linearly, and connection portions between the extension terminals and the relay terminals are arranged in a row in the hole. 8. The electric power steering device according to claim 3, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. 9. The electric power steering device according to claim 4, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. 10. The electric power steering device according to claim 7, further comprising a cover configured to close the hole. | 1,700 |
343,017 | 16,642,753 | 1,773 | Provided are a defrosting control device, an air conditioner and a defrosting control method therefor. The device includes an airbag device, wherein the airbag device includes a mounting support (1), an airbag (2) and an inflation mechanism. When an air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism inflates the airbag (2) such that same forms an airbag layer to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. The defrosting control device can achieve the beneficial effects of a small defrosting heat loss, a good defrosting effect and a good user experience. | 1. A defrosting control device, comprising an airbag device;
the airbag device is configured to, when an air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, form an airbag layer to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the airbag device is further configured to cancel the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode,
wherein, the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger comprises flowing air in the front of an automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the airbag device is arranged in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the airbag device comprises an airbag and an inflation mechanism; wherein,
the airbag is arranged outside the outdoor heat exchanger; wherein, the airbag is arranged in an air-inlet grille in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; the inflation mechanism is communicated with the airbag and configured to, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode, inflate the airbag so that the airbag forms the airbag layer; or, when the airbag device is further configured to cancel the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism is further configured to: maintain the airbag in a non-inflated state or collapsed state so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and deflate the airbag so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the inflation mechanism comprises an air pipe and an air pump; wherein,
an outlet end of the air pipe is communicated with an air inlet end of the airbag; an air exhaust end of the air pump is communicated with a first inlet end of the air pipe; and the air pump is configured to: rotate in a set inflation direction to inflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode; stop rotating to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and rotate in a set deflation direction to take air away from the airbag so as to deflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the inflation device further comprises a control valve;
the control valve is mounted at a second inlet end of the air pipe and configured to control the second inlet end; when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the inflation direction, the second inlet end is closed, so that the air pump inflates the airbag in the case where the second inlet end is closed; when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode and the air pump does not rotate, the second inlet end is opened to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the deflation direction, the second inlet end is closed so that the air pump deflates the airbag; and when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump stops rotating, the second inlet end is opened to deflate the airbag through the second inlet end under the pressure of the outside flowing air. 6. The device according to claim 4, wherein,
there is more than one airbag; and/or, when there are more than two airbags, the outlet end of the air pipe comprises more than two outlet branches; wherein, the number of the outlet branches is matched with the number of the airbags, and each of the outlet branches is communicated with the air inlet end of each of the airbags; and/or, a wall of the airbag comprises an elastic layer made of an elastic material, wherein the elastic material comprises natural latex; and/or, the deflation direction comprises a direction opposite to the inflation direction; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the air pressure at the air exhaust end of the air pump is greater than the sum of the contraction force of the airbag itself and the wind pressure applied to the outer surface of the airbag when the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted runs at a set maximum speed; and/or, when the inflation mechanism further comprises a control valve, an outlet direction of the control valve faces the tail or two sides of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, the control valve comprises an air exhaust valve, and the air exhaust valve comprises at least one of a solenoid valve and a pneumatic valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises a normally-open solenoid valve. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the wall of the airbag further comprises at least one of a wear-resistant layer made of a wear-resistant material, a reinforcing layer made of a reinforcing material and an isolation layer made of an isolation material, wherein,
the wear-resistant layer is arranged on an outer periphery of the elastic layer; the reinforcing layer is arranged on an outer periphery of at least one of the elastic layer and the wear-resistant layer; the isolation layer is arranged on an inner periphery of the elastic layer; wherein, the wear-resistant material comprises vulcanized butadiene rubber; the reinforcing material comprises at least one of nylon and glass fiber; and the isolation material comprises an anti-adhesive material. 8. The device according to claim 3, wherein the inflation device further comprises a mounting support;
the mounting support is mounted outside the outdoor heat exchanger and configured to mount the airbags, wherein, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the mounting support is mounted in the front of an outdoor heat exchanger (6) of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the mounting support comprises positioning rods;
there is a plurality of positioning rods; and adjacent two of the plurality of positioning rods are respectively arranged at two ends of the airbag, to position the airbag between the adjacent two of the plurality of positioning rods. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the mounting support further comprises a support rod;
the airbag is arranged above and/or below the support rod, and/or sheathed on an outer periphery of the support rod; and there is more than one support rod that is arranged between the adjacent two of the plurality of positioning rods to support and/or fix the airbag. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein,
the mounting support can be mounted in at least one of a horizontal direction, a vertical direction and an inclined direction, wherein, when the mounting support is mounted in the horizontal direction, the positioning rod comprises a first vertical rod (11), and the support rod comprises a first horizontal rod (12); when the mounting support is mounted in the vertical direction, the positioning rod comprises a second horizontal rod (14), and the support rod comprises a second vertical rod (13); and/or, when the airbag is arranged above and/or below the support rod, the structure of the airbag comprises an integral bag-like structure and/or a socketed bag-like structure that is adhered and/or hung to the support rod; when the airbag is sheathed on the outer periphery of the support rod, the structure of the airbag comprises a socketed bag-like structure that is sheathed on the support rod through a middle through hole axially formed thereon; wherein, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner and the airbag is arranged in an air-inlet grille in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, the shape of the middle through hole is matched with that of the air-inlet grille and can be adjusted according to the shape of the air-inlet grille; and/or, the shape of the radial cross-section of the socketed bag-like structure comprises at least one of a circular ring, a rectangular ring, and an arc-shaped ring with a set radian on its surface, wherein, when the shape of the radial cross-section comprises a circular ring, the airbag comprises an annular airbag; and when the shape of the radial cross-section comprises a rectangular ring, the airbag comprises a rectangular airbag. 12. An air conditioner, comprising the defrosting control device according to claim 1. 13. A defrosting control method for the air conditioner according to claim 12, comprising a step of:
by the airbag device, forming an airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising a step of:
by the airbag device, cancelling the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, when the air conditioner comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner and the heat-pump automobile air conditioner enters the defrosting mode, the step of forming an airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode comprises:
turning off an air exhaust valve of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner, and activating an air pump of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner to inflate an airbag of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and after the airbag is inflated, forming an airbag layer on a mounting support of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner, so that an air flow in the front of an automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted is blocked by the airbag layer to diffuse around and the isolation of an outdoor heat exchanger (6) of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner from the air flow in the front of the automobile is realized; or, the step of cancelling the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode comprises: after defrosting completed by the heat-pump automobile air conditioner, controlling the air pump of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner to stop, maintaining the air exhaust valve of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner in an ON state while being powered off, communicating the interior of the airbag of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner with the atmosphere, and exhausting air in the airbag by a contraction force of the airbag itself and a wind pressure in the front of the automobile. 16. The device according to claim 2, wherein the airbag device comprises an airbag and an inflation mechanism; wherein,
the airbag is arranged outside the outdoor heat exchanger; wherein, the airbag is arranged in an air-inlet grille in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; the inflation mechanism is communicated with the airbag and configured to, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode, inflate the airbag so that the airbag forms the airbag layer; or, when the airbag device is further configured to cancel the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism is further configured to: maintain the airbag in a non-inflated state or collapsed state so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and deflate the airbag so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the inflation mechanism comprises an air pipe and an air pump; wherein,
an outlet end of the air pipe is communicated with an air inlet end of the airbag; an air exhaust end of the air pump is communicated with a first inlet end of the air pipe; and the air pump is configured to: rotate in a set inflation direction to inflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode; stop rotating to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and rotate in a set deflation direction to take air away from the airbag so as to deflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein the inflation device further comprises a control valve;
the control valve is mounted at a second inlet end of the air pipe and configured to control the second inlet end; when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the inflation direction, the second inlet end is closed, so that the air pump inflates the airbag in the case where the second inlet end is closed; when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode and the air pump does not rotate, the second inlet end is opened to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the deflation direction, the second inlet end is closed so that the air pump deflates the airbag; and when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump stops rotating, the second inlet end is opened to deflate the airbag through the second inlet end under the pressure of the outside flowing air. 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein,
there is more than one airbag; and/or, when there are more than two airbags, the outlet end of the air pipe comprises more than two outlet branches; wherein, the number of the outlet branches is matched with the number of the airbags, and each of the outlet branches is communicated with the air inlet end of each of the airbags; and/or, a wall of the airbag comprises an elastic layer made of an elastic material, wherein the elastic material comprises natural latex; and/or, the deflation direction comprises a direction opposite to the inflation direction; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the air pressure at the air exhaust end of the air pump is greater than the sum of the contraction force of the airbag itself and the wind pressure applied to the outer surface of the airbag when the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted runs at a set maximum speed; and/or, when the inflation mechanism further comprises a control valve, an outlet direction of the control valve faces the tail or two sides of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, the control valve comprises an air exhaust valve, and the air exhaust valve comprises at least one of a solenoid valve and a pneumatic valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises a normally-open solenoid valve. 20. The device according to claim 18, wherein,
there is more than one airbag; and/or, when there are more than two airbags, the outlet end of the air pipe comprises more than two outlet branches; wherein, the number of the outlet branches is matched with the number of the airbags, and each of the outlet branches is communicated with the air inlet end of each of the airbags; and/or, a wall of the airbag comprises an elastic layer made of an elastic material, wherein the elastic material comprises natural latex; and/or, the deflation direction comprises a direction opposite to the inflation direction; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the air pressure at the air exhaust end of the air pump is greater than the sum of the contraction force of the airbag itself and the wind pressure applied to the outer surface of the airbag when the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted runs at a set maximum speed; and/or, when the inflation mechanism further comprises a control valve, an outlet direction of the control valve faces the tail or two sides of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, the control valve comprises an air exhaust valve, and the air exhaust valve comprises at least one of a solenoid valve and a pneumatic valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises a normally-open solenoid valve. | Provided are a defrosting control device, an air conditioner and a defrosting control method therefor. The device includes an airbag device, wherein the airbag device includes a mounting support (1), an airbag (2) and an inflation mechanism. When an air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism inflates the airbag (2) such that same forms an airbag layer to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. The defrosting control device can achieve the beneficial effects of a small defrosting heat loss, a good defrosting effect and a good user experience.1. A defrosting control device, comprising an airbag device;
the airbag device is configured to, when an air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, form an airbag layer to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the airbag device is further configured to cancel the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode,
wherein, the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger comprises flowing air in the front of an automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the airbag device is arranged in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the airbag device comprises an airbag and an inflation mechanism; wherein,
the airbag is arranged outside the outdoor heat exchanger; wherein, the airbag is arranged in an air-inlet grille in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; the inflation mechanism is communicated with the airbag and configured to, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode, inflate the airbag so that the airbag forms the airbag layer; or, when the airbag device is further configured to cancel the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism is further configured to: maintain the airbag in a non-inflated state or collapsed state so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and deflate the airbag so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the inflation mechanism comprises an air pipe and an air pump; wherein,
an outlet end of the air pipe is communicated with an air inlet end of the airbag; an air exhaust end of the air pump is communicated with a first inlet end of the air pipe; and the air pump is configured to: rotate in a set inflation direction to inflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode; stop rotating to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and rotate in a set deflation direction to take air away from the airbag so as to deflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the inflation device further comprises a control valve;
the control valve is mounted at a second inlet end of the air pipe and configured to control the second inlet end; when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the inflation direction, the second inlet end is closed, so that the air pump inflates the airbag in the case where the second inlet end is closed; when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode and the air pump does not rotate, the second inlet end is opened to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the deflation direction, the second inlet end is closed so that the air pump deflates the airbag; and when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump stops rotating, the second inlet end is opened to deflate the airbag through the second inlet end under the pressure of the outside flowing air. 6. The device according to claim 4, wherein,
there is more than one airbag; and/or, when there are more than two airbags, the outlet end of the air pipe comprises more than two outlet branches; wherein, the number of the outlet branches is matched with the number of the airbags, and each of the outlet branches is communicated with the air inlet end of each of the airbags; and/or, a wall of the airbag comprises an elastic layer made of an elastic material, wherein the elastic material comprises natural latex; and/or, the deflation direction comprises a direction opposite to the inflation direction; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the air pressure at the air exhaust end of the air pump is greater than the sum of the contraction force of the airbag itself and the wind pressure applied to the outer surface of the airbag when the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted runs at a set maximum speed; and/or, when the inflation mechanism further comprises a control valve, an outlet direction of the control valve faces the tail or two sides of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, the control valve comprises an air exhaust valve, and the air exhaust valve comprises at least one of a solenoid valve and a pneumatic valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises a normally-open solenoid valve. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the wall of the airbag further comprises at least one of a wear-resistant layer made of a wear-resistant material, a reinforcing layer made of a reinforcing material and an isolation layer made of an isolation material, wherein,
the wear-resistant layer is arranged on an outer periphery of the elastic layer; the reinforcing layer is arranged on an outer periphery of at least one of the elastic layer and the wear-resistant layer; the isolation layer is arranged on an inner periphery of the elastic layer; wherein, the wear-resistant material comprises vulcanized butadiene rubber; the reinforcing material comprises at least one of nylon and glass fiber; and the isolation material comprises an anti-adhesive material. 8. The device according to claim 3, wherein the inflation device further comprises a mounting support;
the mounting support is mounted outside the outdoor heat exchanger and configured to mount the airbags, wherein, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the mounting support is mounted in the front of an outdoor heat exchanger (6) of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the mounting support comprises positioning rods;
there is a plurality of positioning rods; and adjacent two of the plurality of positioning rods are respectively arranged at two ends of the airbag, to position the airbag between the adjacent two of the plurality of positioning rods. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the mounting support further comprises a support rod;
the airbag is arranged above and/or below the support rod, and/or sheathed on an outer periphery of the support rod; and there is more than one support rod that is arranged between the adjacent two of the plurality of positioning rods to support and/or fix the airbag. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein,
the mounting support can be mounted in at least one of a horizontal direction, a vertical direction and an inclined direction, wherein, when the mounting support is mounted in the horizontal direction, the positioning rod comprises a first vertical rod (11), and the support rod comprises a first horizontal rod (12); when the mounting support is mounted in the vertical direction, the positioning rod comprises a second horizontal rod (14), and the support rod comprises a second vertical rod (13); and/or, when the airbag is arranged above and/or below the support rod, the structure of the airbag comprises an integral bag-like structure and/or a socketed bag-like structure that is adhered and/or hung to the support rod; when the airbag is sheathed on the outer periphery of the support rod, the structure of the airbag comprises a socketed bag-like structure that is sheathed on the support rod through a middle through hole axially formed thereon; wherein, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner and the airbag is arranged in an air-inlet grille in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, the shape of the middle through hole is matched with that of the air-inlet grille and can be adjusted according to the shape of the air-inlet grille; and/or, the shape of the radial cross-section of the socketed bag-like structure comprises at least one of a circular ring, a rectangular ring, and an arc-shaped ring with a set radian on its surface, wherein, when the shape of the radial cross-section comprises a circular ring, the airbag comprises an annular airbag; and when the shape of the radial cross-section comprises a rectangular ring, the airbag comprises a rectangular airbag. 12. An air conditioner, comprising the defrosting control device according to claim 1. 13. A defrosting control method for the air conditioner according to claim 12, comprising a step of:
by the airbag device, forming an airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising a step of:
by the airbag device, cancelling the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, when the air conditioner comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner and the heat-pump automobile air conditioner enters the defrosting mode, the step of forming an airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode comprises:
turning off an air exhaust valve of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner, and activating an air pump of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner to inflate an airbag of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and after the airbag is inflated, forming an airbag layer on a mounting support of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner, so that an air flow in the front of an automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted is blocked by the airbag layer to diffuse around and the isolation of an outdoor heat exchanger (6) of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner from the air flow in the front of the automobile is realized; or, the step of cancelling the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode comprises: after defrosting completed by the heat-pump automobile air conditioner, controlling the air pump of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner to stop, maintaining the air exhaust valve of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner in an ON state while being powered off, communicating the interior of the airbag of the heat-pump automobile air conditioner with the atmosphere, and exhausting air in the airbag by a contraction force of the airbag itself and a wind pressure in the front of the automobile. 16. The device according to claim 2, wherein the airbag device comprises an airbag and an inflation mechanism; wherein,
the airbag is arranged outside the outdoor heat exchanger; wherein, the airbag is arranged in an air-inlet grille in the front of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; the inflation mechanism is communicated with the airbag and configured to, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode, inflate the airbag so that the airbag forms the airbag layer; or, when the airbag device is further configured to cancel the airbag layer when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode or exits the defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism is further configured to: maintain the airbag in a non-inflated state or collapsed state so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and deflate the airbag so that the airbag cancels the airbag layer, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the inflation mechanism comprises an air pipe and an air pump; wherein,
an outlet end of the air pipe is communicated with an air inlet end of the airbag; an air exhaust end of the air pump is communicated with a first inlet end of the air pipe; and the air pump is configured to: rotate in a set inflation direction to inflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode; stop rotating to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state, when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode; and rotate in a set deflation direction to take air away from the airbag so as to deflate the airbag, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein the inflation device further comprises a control valve;
the control valve is mounted at a second inlet end of the air pipe and configured to control the second inlet end; when the air conditioner to be controlled enters the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the inflation direction, the second inlet end is closed, so that the air pump inflates the airbag in the case where the second inlet end is closed; when the air conditioner to be controlled does not enter the defrosting mode and the air pump does not rotate, the second inlet end is opened to maintain the airbag in the non-inflated state or collapsed state; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump rotates in the deflation direction, the second inlet end is closed so that the air pump deflates the airbag; and when the air conditioner to be controlled exits the defrosting mode and the air pump stops rotating, the second inlet end is opened to deflate the airbag through the second inlet end under the pressure of the outside flowing air. 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein,
there is more than one airbag; and/or, when there are more than two airbags, the outlet end of the air pipe comprises more than two outlet branches; wherein, the number of the outlet branches is matched with the number of the airbags, and each of the outlet branches is communicated with the air inlet end of each of the airbags; and/or, a wall of the airbag comprises an elastic layer made of an elastic material, wherein the elastic material comprises natural latex; and/or, the deflation direction comprises a direction opposite to the inflation direction; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the air pressure at the air exhaust end of the air pump is greater than the sum of the contraction force of the airbag itself and the wind pressure applied to the outer surface of the airbag when the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted runs at a set maximum speed; and/or, when the inflation mechanism further comprises a control valve, an outlet direction of the control valve faces the tail or two sides of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, the control valve comprises an air exhaust valve, and the air exhaust valve comprises at least one of a solenoid valve and a pneumatic valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises a normally-open solenoid valve. 20. The device according to claim 18, wherein,
there is more than one airbag; and/or, when there are more than two airbags, the outlet end of the air pipe comprises more than two outlet branches; wherein, the number of the outlet branches is matched with the number of the airbags, and each of the outlet branches is communicated with the air inlet end of each of the airbags; and/or, a wall of the airbag comprises an elastic layer made of an elastic material, wherein the elastic material comprises natural latex; and/or, the deflation direction comprises a direction opposite to the inflation direction; and/or, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner, the air pressure at the air exhaust end of the air pump is greater than the sum of the contraction force of the airbag itself and the wind pressure applied to the outer surface of the airbag when the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted runs at a set maximum speed; and/or, when the inflation mechanism further comprises a control valve, an outlet direction of the control valve faces the tail or two sides of the automobile on which the heat-pump automobile air conditioner is mounted, when the air conditioner to be controlled comprises a heat-pump automobile air conditioner; and/or, the control valve comprises an air exhaust valve, and the air exhaust valve comprises at least one of a solenoid valve and a pneumatic valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises a normally-open solenoid valve. | 1,700 |
343,018 | 16,642,772 | 1,773 | A movable contact includes a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member. The conductive member includes a dome portion, a flange extending in a direction away from the dome portion, a connection portions provided at each of four corners of the rectangular shape, and a contact portion extending away from the flange. The connection portion, a first boundary portion where the connection portion is connected to the flange, and a second boundary portion where the connection portion is connected to the contact portion may constitute a drawn portion. Alternatively, the first and second boundary portions may be curved to be concave toward the dome portion. | 1. A movable contact comprising a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member, wherein
the conductive member includes:
a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward, a lower surface which is concave upward, and an outer border;
a flange having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the outer border of the dome portion, the flange extending from the inner border of the flange to the outer border of the flange in a direction away from the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member;
connection portions provided at four corners of the rectangular shape of the conductive member, respectively, each of the connection portion having a lower border and an upper border which is connected to the outer border of the flange, the each of the connection portions protruding from the upper border of the each of the connection portions downward to the lower border of the each of the connection portions; and
contact portions, respective one of the contact portions having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the lower border of the each of connection portions, the respective one of the contact portions extending from the inner border of the respective one of the contact portions away from the flange when viewed from above the conductive member, and
the connection portion, a first boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the flange, and a second boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the respective one of the contact portions constitute a drawn portion. 2. The movable contact of claim 1, wherein
the first boundary portion is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member, and the second boundary portion is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member. 3. The movable contact of claim 1, further comprising:
a first extension portion protruding from the conductive member; and a mounting portion connected to the first extension portion, wherein the outer end of the conductive member having the rectangular shape has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, and the first extension portion protrudes from the first side. 4. The movable contact of claim 3, further comprising a second extension portion protruding from the second side of the outer end of the conductive member in a direction away from the first extension portion. 5. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein the contact portion is located below the mounting portion. 6. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein the first extension portion has a bent portion that is bent. 7. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein the first extension portion is bent between the flange and the mounting portion in a crank shape or an S-shape when viewed from above the conductive member. 8. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein
the first extension portion is symmetrical with respect to a center line passing through a middle point of the first side perpendicularly to the first side, and the mounting portion is symmetrical with respect to the center line. 9. A movable contact comprising a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from the conductive member, wherein
the conductive member includes:
a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward, a lower surface which is concave upward, and an outer border;
a flange having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the outer border of the dome portion, the flange extending from the inner border of the flange to the outer border of the flange in a direction away from the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member;
connection portions provided at four corners of the rectangular shape of the conductive member, respectively, each of the connection portions having a lower border and an upper border which is connected to the outer border of the flange, the each of the connection portions protruding downward from the upper border of the each of the connection portions to the lower border of the each of the connection portions; and
contact portions, respective one of the contact portions having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the lower border of the each of the connection portions, the respective one of the contact portions extending from the inner border of the respective one of the contact portions to the outer border of the respective one of the contact portions away from the flange when viewed from above the conductive member, and
a first boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the flange is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member, and
a second boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the respective one of the contact portions is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member. 10. The movable contact of claim 9, further comprising:
a first extension portion protruding from the conductive member; and a mounting portion connected to the first extension portion, wherein the outer end of the conductive member having the rectangular shape has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, and the first extension portion protrudes from the first side. 11. The movable contact of claim 10, further comprising a second extension portion protruding from the second side of the outer end of the conductive member away from the first extension portion. 12. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein the contact portion is located below the mounting portion. 13. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein the first extension portion has a bent portion that is bent. 14. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein the first extension portion is bent between the flange and the mounting portion in a crank shape or an S-shape when viewed from above the conductive member. 15. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein
the first extension portion is symmetrical with respect to a center line passing through a middle point of the first side perpendicularly to the first side, and the mounting portion is symmetrical with respect to the center line. 16. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 1; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and below the dome portion; and a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portions of the movable contact. 17. The switch of claim 16, wherein the contact portions are substantially parallel to the second fixed contact. 18. The switch of claim 16, wherein the respective one of the contact portions extends from a boundary portion of the respective one of the contact portions connected to the each of the connection portions toward a tip end of the respective one of the contact portions while inclining in a direction away from the second fixed contact. 19. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 3; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and below the dome portion of the movable contact; a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portion of the movable contact; a mounting conductor facing the mounting portion of the movable contact; and a connection agent connecting the mounting conductor to the mounting portion. 20. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 10; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and locate below the dome portion of the movable contact; a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portion of the movable contact; a mounting conductor facing the mounting portion of the movable contact; and a connection agent connecting the mounting conductor to the mounting portion. 21. An embossed tape configured to accommodate a movable contact therein, the embossed tape comprising a base tape having an upper surface having an accommodation recess portion provided therein, the accommodation recess portion being configured to accommodate the movable contact therein, wherein
the movable contact includes:
a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member;
an extension portion protruding from the conductive member; and
a mounting portion connected to the extension portion,
the conductive member includes:
a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward, a lower surface which is concave upward, and an outer border;
a flange having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the outer border of the dome portion, the flange extending from the inner border of the flange to the outer border of the flange in a direction away from the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member;
connection portions provided at four corners of the rectangular shape of the conductive member, respectively, each of the connection portions having a lower border and an upper border which is connected to the outer border of the flange, the each of the connection portions protruding downward from the upper border of the each of the connection portions to the lower border of the each of the connection portions; and
contact portions, respective one of the contact portions having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the lower border of the each of the connection portion, the respective one of the contact portions extending from the inner border of the respective one of the contact portions to the outer border of the respective one of the contact portions away from the flange when viewed from above the conductive member,
the accommodation recess portion includes:
a first recess portion having a first bottom surface and a first side wall connected to the first bottom surface, the first recess portion being configured to accommodate the flange of the movable contact therein;
a receiving portion provided on the first bottom surface of the first recess portion, the receiving portion being configured to receive a lower surface of the flange of the movable contact thereon;
a second recess portion having a second bottom surface and a second side wall connected to the second bottom surface, the second recess portion being connected to the first recess portion, the second recess portion being configured to accommodate the extension portion and the mounting portion of the movable contact therein; and
regulator portions provided on the first side wall of the first recess portion, respective one of the regulator portions being configured to regulate a position of the respective one of the contact portions of the movable contact, and
a gap between the respective one of the contact portions and the respective one of the regulator portions is smaller than a gap between the extension portion and the second side wall of the second recess portion and a gap between the mounting portion and the second side wall of the second recess portion. 22. The embossed tape of claim 21, wherein the second recess portion is recessed from the receiving portion. 23. The embossed tape of claim 22, wherein the second recess portion extends to a position facing the respective one of the contact portions. 24. An embossed tape configured to accommodate a movable contact therein, the embossed tape comprising:
a base tape having an upper surface having an accommodation recess portion provided therein, the accommodation recess portion being configured to accommodate the movable contact therein; a sealing film adhered to the upper surface of the base tape with an adhesive to cover the accommodation recess portion; and a regulator body coupled to the sealing film to limit displacement of the movable contact in upward and downward directions, wherein the movable contact includes a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member, the conductive member includes a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward and a lower surface which is concave upward, and the regulator body is provided between the sealing film and the dome portion of the movable contact. 25. The embossed tape of claim 24, wherein the regulator body is provided between the sealing film and a top portion of the upper surface of the dome portion. 26. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 9; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and below the dome portion; and a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portions of the movable contact. 27. The switch of claim 26, wherein the contact portions are substantially parallel to the second fixed contact. 28. The switch of claim 26, wherein the respective one of the contact portions extends from a boundary portion of the respective one of the contact portions connected to the each of the connection portions toward a tip end of the respective one of the contact portions while inclining in a direction away from the second fixed contact. | A movable contact includes a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member. The conductive member includes a dome portion, a flange extending in a direction away from the dome portion, a connection portions provided at each of four corners of the rectangular shape, and a contact portion extending away from the flange. The connection portion, a first boundary portion where the connection portion is connected to the flange, and a second boundary portion where the connection portion is connected to the contact portion may constitute a drawn portion. Alternatively, the first and second boundary portions may be curved to be concave toward the dome portion.1. A movable contact comprising a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member, wherein
the conductive member includes:
a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward, a lower surface which is concave upward, and an outer border;
a flange having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the outer border of the dome portion, the flange extending from the inner border of the flange to the outer border of the flange in a direction away from the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member;
connection portions provided at four corners of the rectangular shape of the conductive member, respectively, each of the connection portion having a lower border and an upper border which is connected to the outer border of the flange, the each of the connection portions protruding from the upper border of the each of the connection portions downward to the lower border of the each of the connection portions; and
contact portions, respective one of the contact portions having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the lower border of the each of connection portions, the respective one of the contact portions extending from the inner border of the respective one of the contact portions away from the flange when viewed from above the conductive member, and
the connection portion, a first boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the flange, and a second boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the respective one of the contact portions constitute a drawn portion. 2. The movable contact of claim 1, wherein
the first boundary portion is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member, and the second boundary portion is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member. 3. The movable contact of claim 1, further comprising:
a first extension portion protruding from the conductive member; and a mounting portion connected to the first extension portion, wherein the outer end of the conductive member having the rectangular shape has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, and the first extension portion protrudes from the first side. 4. The movable contact of claim 3, further comprising a second extension portion protruding from the second side of the outer end of the conductive member in a direction away from the first extension portion. 5. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein the contact portion is located below the mounting portion. 6. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein the first extension portion has a bent portion that is bent. 7. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein the first extension portion is bent between the flange and the mounting portion in a crank shape or an S-shape when viewed from above the conductive member. 8. The movable contact of claim 3, wherein
the first extension portion is symmetrical with respect to a center line passing through a middle point of the first side perpendicularly to the first side, and the mounting portion is symmetrical with respect to the center line. 9. A movable contact comprising a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from the conductive member, wherein
the conductive member includes:
a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward, a lower surface which is concave upward, and an outer border;
a flange having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the outer border of the dome portion, the flange extending from the inner border of the flange to the outer border of the flange in a direction away from the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member;
connection portions provided at four corners of the rectangular shape of the conductive member, respectively, each of the connection portions having a lower border and an upper border which is connected to the outer border of the flange, the each of the connection portions protruding downward from the upper border of the each of the connection portions to the lower border of the each of the connection portions; and
contact portions, respective one of the contact portions having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the lower border of the each of the connection portions, the respective one of the contact portions extending from the inner border of the respective one of the contact portions to the outer border of the respective one of the contact portions away from the flange when viewed from above the conductive member, and
a first boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the flange is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member, and
a second boundary portion where the each of the connection portions is connected to the respective one of the contact portions is curved to be concave toward the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member. 10. The movable contact of claim 9, further comprising:
a first extension portion protruding from the conductive member; and a mounting portion connected to the first extension portion, wherein the outer end of the conductive member having the rectangular shape has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, and the first extension portion protrudes from the first side. 11. The movable contact of claim 10, further comprising a second extension portion protruding from the second side of the outer end of the conductive member away from the first extension portion. 12. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein the contact portion is located below the mounting portion. 13. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein the first extension portion has a bent portion that is bent. 14. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein the first extension portion is bent between the flange and the mounting portion in a crank shape or an S-shape when viewed from above the conductive member. 15. The movable contact of claim 10, wherein
the first extension portion is symmetrical with respect to a center line passing through a middle point of the first side perpendicularly to the first side, and the mounting portion is symmetrical with respect to the center line. 16. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 1; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and below the dome portion; and a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portions of the movable contact. 17. The switch of claim 16, wherein the contact portions are substantially parallel to the second fixed contact. 18. The switch of claim 16, wherein the respective one of the contact portions extends from a boundary portion of the respective one of the contact portions connected to the each of the connection portions toward a tip end of the respective one of the contact portions while inclining in a direction away from the second fixed contact. 19. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 3; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and below the dome portion of the movable contact; a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portion of the movable contact; a mounting conductor facing the mounting portion of the movable contact; and a connection agent connecting the mounting conductor to the mounting portion. 20. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 10; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and locate below the dome portion of the movable contact; a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portion of the movable contact; a mounting conductor facing the mounting portion of the movable contact; and a connection agent connecting the mounting conductor to the mounting portion. 21. An embossed tape configured to accommodate a movable contact therein, the embossed tape comprising a base tape having an upper surface having an accommodation recess portion provided therein, the accommodation recess portion being configured to accommodate the movable contact therein, wherein
the movable contact includes:
a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member;
an extension portion protruding from the conductive member; and
a mounting portion connected to the extension portion,
the conductive member includes:
a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward, a lower surface which is concave upward, and an outer border;
a flange having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the outer border of the dome portion, the flange extending from the inner border of the flange to the outer border of the flange in a direction away from the dome portion when viewed from above the conductive member;
connection portions provided at four corners of the rectangular shape of the conductive member, respectively, each of the connection portions having a lower border and an upper border which is connected to the outer border of the flange, the each of the connection portions protruding downward from the upper border of the each of the connection portions to the lower border of the each of the connection portions; and
contact portions, respective one of the contact portions having an outer border and an inner border which is connected to the lower border of the each of the connection portion, the respective one of the contact portions extending from the inner border of the respective one of the contact portions to the outer border of the respective one of the contact portions away from the flange when viewed from above the conductive member,
the accommodation recess portion includes:
a first recess portion having a first bottom surface and a first side wall connected to the first bottom surface, the first recess portion being configured to accommodate the flange of the movable contact therein;
a receiving portion provided on the first bottom surface of the first recess portion, the receiving portion being configured to receive a lower surface of the flange of the movable contact thereon;
a second recess portion having a second bottom surface and a second side wall connected to the second bottom surface, the second recess portion being connected to the first recess portion, the second recess portion being configured to accommodate the extension portion and the mounting portion of the movable contact therein; and
regulator portions provided on the first side wall of the first recess portion, respective one of the regulator portions being configured to regulate a position of the respective one of the contact portions of the movable contact, and
a gap between the respective one of the contact portions and the respective one of the regulator portions is smaller than a gap between the extension portion and the second side wall of the second recess portion and a gap between the mounting portion and the second side wall of the second recess portion. 22. The embossed tape of claim 21, wherein the second recess portion is recessed from the receiving portion. 23. The embossed tape of claim 22, wherein the second recess portion extends to a position facing the respective one of the contact portions. 24. An embossed tape configured to accommodate a movable contact therein, the embossed tape comprising:
a base tape having an upper surface having an accommodation recess portion provided therein, the accommodation recess portion being configured to accommodate the movable contact therein; a sealing film adhered to the upper surface of the base tape with an adhesive to cover the accommodation recess portion; and a regulator body coupled to the sealing film to limit displacement of the movable contact in upward and downward directions, wherein the movable contact includes a conductive member having an outer end having substantially a rectangular shape when viewed from above the conductive member, the conductive member includes a dome portion having an upper surface which is convex upward and a lower surface which is concave upward, and the regulator body is provided between the sealing film and the dome portion of the movable contact. 25. The embossed tape of claim 24, wherein the regulator body is provided between the sealing film and a top portion of the upper surface of the dome portion. 26. A switch comprising:
the movable contact of claim 9; a base; a first fixed contact provided on an upper surface of the base and below the dome portion; and a second fixed contact provided on the upper surface of the base and facing the contact portions of the movable contact. 27. The switch of claim 26, wherein the contact portions are substantially parallel to the second fixed contact. 28. The switch of claim 26, wherein the respective one of the contact portions extends from a boundary portion of the respective one of the contact portions connected to the each of the connection portions toward a tip end of the respective one of the contact portions while inclining in a direction away from the second fixed contact. | 1,700 |
343,019 | 16,642,754 | 1,773 | Positioner assemblies may be configured to sense at least one position of at least a portion of a valve assembly that is moved along a first axis of movement. A movable element of the positioner assembly is configured to rotate about a second axis of movement, where the first axis of movement is substantially parallel to the second axis of movement. Valve systems and methods of sensing a position of a component of a valve system may include such a positioner assembly | 1. A valve system comprising:
a valve assembly configured to alter at least one flow characteristic of fluid flow through the valve system; a valve actuator configured to move at least a portion of the valve assembly between at least two positions along a first axis of movement; and a positioner assembly configured to sense at least one of the at least two positions of the at least a portion of the valve assembly, a rotatable element of the positioner assembly configured to rotate about a second axis of movement, the first axis of movement being substantially parallel to the second axis of movement, the positioner assembly comprising at least one position sensor coupled to the rotatable element configured to sense an angular position of the rotatable element. 2-6. (canceled) 7. The valve system of claim 1, wherein the positioner assembly comprises a control system in communication with the at least one position sensor, and wherein the control system is positioned at a location remote to the valve assembly. 8-10. (canceled) 11. The valve system of claim 1, wherein the positioner assembly comprises a gear assembly, the gear assembly coupled between the rotatable element and the at least one position sensor, the gear assembly configured to increase the amount of angular movement of the rotatable element that is sensed by the at least one position sensor. 12. A positioner assembly for a valve system, the positioner assembly comprising:
a rotatable element defining a track, the rotatable element configured to rotate about a first axis of movement that is substantially parallel to a second axis of movement of a linearly movable feature of the valve system configured to adjust fluid flow through the valve system; a follower element in communication with the track of the rotatable element, the follower element configured to be coupled to the linearly movable feature of the valve system, wherein the follower element is configured to rotate the rotatable element in response to movement of the linearly movable feature of the valve system along the second axis of movement; and at least one position sensor coupled to the rotatable element configured to sense an angular position of the rotatable element. 13. The positioner assembly of claim 12, wherein the follower element is configured to be rigidly coupled to a valve stem of the valve system. 14. The positioner assembly of claim 12, further comprising a gear assembly coupled between the rotatable element and the at least one position sensor, the gear assembly configured to alter an amount of angular movement that is sensed by the at least one position sensor as compared to an amount of angular movement of the rotatable element. 15. The positioner assembly of claim 12, wherein the rotatable element exhibits a cylindrical structure having the track recessed in the cylindrical structure. 16. A method of sensing a position of a component of a valve system, the method comprising:
moving a component of a valve system in a direction along an axis; rotating a movable element about the axis in response to the moving of the component of the valve system; and sensing a position of the movable element with at least one sensor. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising determining a position of the component of the valve system based on the sensed position of the movable element. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein moving the component of the valve system in the direction along the axis comprises translating the component of the valve system along a second axis that is substantially parallel to the axis. 19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising comparing the sensed position of the movable element to stored values relating to predetermined positions of the movable element to determine a current position of the component of the valve system. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising turning the movable element with a follower coupled to the component of the valve system at least partially disposed in a curved track of the movable element. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein determining the position of the component of the valve system comprises calculating a linear position of a valve stem. | Positioner assemblies may be configured to sense at least one position of at least a portion of a valve assembly that is moved along a first axis of movement. A movable element of the positioner assembly is configured to rotate about a second axis of movement, where the first axis of movement is substantially parallel to the second axis of movement. Valve systems and methods of sensing a position of a component of a valve system may include such a positioner assembly1. A valve system comprising:
a valve assembly configured to alter at least one flow characteristic of fluid flow through the valve system; a valve actuator configured to move at least a portion of the valve assembly between at least two positions along a first axis of movement; and a positioner assembly configured to sense at least one of the at least two positions of the at least a portion of the valve assembly, a rotatable element of the positioner assembly configured to rotate about a second axis of movement, the first axis of movement being substantially parallel to the second axis of movement, the positioner assembly comprising at least one position sensor coupled to the rotatable element configured to sense an angular position of the rotatable element. 2-6. (canceled) 7. The valve system of claim 1, wherein the positioner assembly comprises a control system in communication with the at least one position sensor, and wherein the control system is positioned at a location remote to the valve assembly. 8-10. (canceled) 11. The valve system of claim 1, wherein the positioner assembly comprises a gear assembly, the gear assembly coupled between the rotatable element and the at least one position sensor, the gear assembly configured to increase the amount of angular movement of the rotatable element that is sensed by the at least one position sensor. 12. A positioner assembly for a valve system, the positioner assembly comprising:
a rotatable element defining a track, the rotatable element configured to rotate about a first axis of movement that is substantially parallel to a second axis of movement of a linearly movable feature of the valve system configured to adjust fluid flow through the valve system; a follower element in communication with the track of the rotatable element, the follower element configured to be coupled to the linearly movable feature of the valve system, wherein the follower element is configured to rotate the rotatable element in response to movement of the linearly movable feature of the valve system along the second axis of movement; and at least one position sensor coupled to the rotatable element configured to sense an angular position of the rotatable element. 13. The positioner assembly of claim 12, wherein the follower element is configured to be rigidly coupled to a valve stem of the valve system. 14. The positioner assembly of claim 12, further comprising a gear assembly coupled between the rotatable element and the at least one position sensor, the gear assembly configured to alter an amount of angular movement that is sensed by the at least one position sensor as compared to an amount of angular movement of the rotatable element. 15. The positioner assembly of claim 12, wherein the rotatable element exhibits a cylindrical structure having the track recessed in the cylindrical structure. 16. A method of sensing a position of a component of a valve system, the method comprising:
moving a component of a valve system in a direction along an axis; rotating a movable element about the axis in response to the moving of the component of the valve system; and sensing a position of the movable element with at least one sensor. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising determining a position of the component of the valve system based on the sensed position of the movable element. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein moving the component of the valve system in the direction along the axis comprises translating the component of the valve system along a second axis that is substantially parallel to the axis. 19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising comparing the sensed position of the movable element to stored values relating to predetermined positions of the movable element to determine a current position of the component of the valve system. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising turning the movable element with a follower coupled to the component of the valve system at least partially disposed in a curved track of the movable element. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein determining the position of the component of the valve system comprises calculating a linear position of a valve stem. | 1,700 |
343,020 | 16,642,742 | 1,773 | The invention relates to a solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form comprising an extended release matrix formulation. The extended release matrix formulation comprises (1) at least one active agent, (2) at least one anionic surfactant, and (3) at least about 40% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of at least one polyethylene oxide. In certain embodiments, the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 1:2 to about 10:1. | 1. A solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form comprising an extended release matrix formulation, the extended release matrix formulation comprising:
(1) at least one active agent; (2) at least one anionic surfactant; and (3) at least about 40% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of at least one polyethylene oxide. 2. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one active agent is at least one active agent salt comprising a cationic active agent molecule and an anionic counterion. 3. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 1:2 to about 10:1. 4. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form, when subjected to an in-vitro dissolution test in a USP Apparatus 1 (basket) at 100 rpm in 900 ml simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (SGF) at 37.0±0.5° C., provides a dissolution rate with
an amount of the at least one active agent released at x hours, wherein x is an integer selected from a number between 2 and 12; and
an amount of the at least one active agent released at y hours, wherein y is an integer selected from a number between 6 and 24, and y≥x+4;
which complies at least for one combination of x and y with equations (I) and (II):
the amount released at y hours≤(−x amount released at x hours×1.25 (I)
the amount released at y hours>x amount released at x hours)×0.75 (II). 5-8. (canceled) 9. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 2:1 to about 8:1. 10. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 2:1 to about 5:1. 11. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 3:1 to about 4:1. 12. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyethylene oxide has, based on rheological measurements, an approximate molecular weight of from 900,000 to 8,000,000. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyethylene oxide has, based on rheological measurements, an approximate molecular weight of from 4,000,000 to 8,000,000. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the extended release matrix formulation comprises from about 50% by weight to about 90% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of said at least one polyethylene oxide. 19-21. (canceled) 22. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl carboxylates and fatty acid salts, esters of fatty acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl sulfonates, alpha-olefm sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, sulfonated fatty acid esters, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, acyl lactylates, N-acyl sarcosinates, alkyl carbonates, N-acyl glutamates, alkyl phosphates, alkylether phosphates, or mixtures thereof. 23. (canceled) 24. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary (C8-C18) alkyl sulfates. 25. (canceled) 26. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, and triethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. 27. (canceled) 28. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. 29. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the extended release matrix formulation comprises from about 5% by weight to about 25% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of said at least one anionic surfactant. 30-31. (canceled) 32. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one active agent comprises an opioid agonist. 33-36. (canceled) 37. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the opioid agonist is in salt form. 38-45. (canceled) 46. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the extended release matrix formulation comprises from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of a lubricant. 47-67. (canceled) 68. A process of preparing a solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form, comprising the steps of
(a) combining at least (1) at least one active agent; (2) at least one anionic surfactant; and (3) at least about 40% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of at least one polyethylene oxide; to form a composition; (b) shaping the composition to form an extended release matrix formulation; and (c) optionally curing said extended release matrix formulation comprising at least a curing step of subjecting the extended release matrix formulation to a temperature which is at least the softening temperature of said polyethylene oxide for a time period of at least about 1 minute. 69-79. (canceled) 80. A method of treating or preventing pain comprising administering to a patient identified in need thereof a solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one active agent comprises an opioid agonist, and said opioid agent is present in an analgesically effective amount. 81-88. (canceled) | The invention relates to a solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form comprising an extended release matrix formulation. The extended release matrix formulation comprises (1) at least one active agent, (2) at least one anionic surfactant, and (3) at least about 40% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of at least one polyethylene oxide. In certain embodiments, the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 1:2 to about 10:1.1. A solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form comprising an extended release matrix formulation, the extended release matrix formulation comprising:
(1) at least one active agent; (2) at least one anionic surfactant; and (3) at least about 40% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of at least one polyethylene oxide. 2. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one active agent is at least one active agent salt comprising a cationic active agent molecule and an anionic counterion. 3. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 1:2 to about 10:1. 4. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form, when subjected to an in-vitro dissolution test in a USP Apparatus 1 (basket) at 100 rpm in 900 ml simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (SGF) at 37.0±0.5° C., provides a dissolution rate with
an amount of the at least one active agent released at x hours, wherein x is an integer selected from a number between 2 and 12; and
an amount of the at least one active agent released at y hours, wherein y is an integer selected from a number between 6 and 24, and y≥x+4;
which complies at least for one combination of x and y with equations (I) and (II):
the amount released at y hours≤(−x amount released at x hours×1.25 (I)
the amount released at y hours>x amount released at x hours)×0.75 (II). 5-8. (canceled) 9. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 2:1 to about 8:1. 10. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 2:1 to about 5:1. 11. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one active agent is from about 3:1 to about 4:1. 12. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyethylene oxide has, based on rheological measurements, an approximate molecular weight of from 900,000 to 8,000,000. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyethylene oxide has, based on rheological measurements, an approximate molecular weight of from 4,000,000 to 8,000,000. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the extended release matrix formulation comprises from about 50% by weight to about 90% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of said at least one polyethylene oxide. 19-21. (canceled) 22. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl carboxylates and fatty acid salts, esters of fatty acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl sulfonates, alpha-olefm sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, sulfonated fatty acid esters, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, acyl lactylates, N-acyl sarcosinates, alkyl carbonates, N-acyl glutamates, alkyl phosphates, alkylether phosphates, or mixtures thereof. 23. (canceled) 24. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary (C8-C18) alkyl sulfates. 25. (canceled) 26. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, and triethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. 27. (canceled) 28. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. 29. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the extended release matrix formulation comprises from about 5% by weight to about 25% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of said at least one anionic surfactant. 30-31. (canceled) 32. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one active agent comprises an opioid agonist. 33-36. (canceled) 37. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the opioid agonist is in salt form. 38-45. (canceled) 46. The solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the extended release matrix formulation comprises from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of a lubricant. 47-67. (canceled) 68. A process of preparing a solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form, comprising the steps of
(a) combining at least (1) at least one active agent; (2) at least one anionic surfactant; and (3) at least about 40% by weight (based on the weight of the extended release matrix formulation) of at least one polyethylene oxide; to form a composition; (b) shaping the composition to form an extended release matrix formulation; and (c) optionally curing said extended release matrix formulation comprising at least a curing step of subjecting the extended release matrix formulation to a temperature which is at least the softening temperature of said polyethylene oxide for a time period of at least about 1 minute. 69-79. (canceled) 80. A method of treating or preventing pain comprising administering to a patient identified in need thereof a solid oral extended release pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the at least one active agent comprises an opioid agonist, and said opioid agent is present in an analgesically effective amount. 81-88. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,021 | 16,642,741 | 1,773 | The present invention discloses an application of Alistipes shahii in preparing a composition for preventing and/or treating lipid metabolism related diseases, for example but not limited to, atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method for treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases, comprising the step of:
administering a composition comprising (a) a safe and effective amount of Alistipes shahii and/or metabolites thereof, and a food for pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject, thereby treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the lipid metabolism related diseases are selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and a combination thereof. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Alistipes shahii is selected from the group consisting of Alistipes shahii ATCC BAA-1179, Alistipes shahii WAL 11404, Alistipes shahii WAL 11550 and a combination thereof. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Alistipes shahii is capable of one or more selected from the group consisting of:
(i) lowering blood lipid level in a mammal; (ii) reducing body weight of a mammal; (iii) relieving myocardial ischemia in a mammal; and (iv) alleviating vascular lesions in a mammal. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is administrated orally. 23. The method according to claim 18, wherein the administration dosage is 0.01 to 5 g/50 kg body weight per day, preferably 0.1 to 2 g/50 kg body weight per day. 24. The method according to claim 18, wherein the subject includes human and non-human mammal, and the non-human mammal includes rodents such as mice and rats, and primates such as monkeys. 25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises probiotics and/or prebiotics. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the probiotics are selected from the group consisting of Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and a combination thereof. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the prebiotics are selected from the group consisting of fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), lactosucrose (LACT), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), Inulin, oligosaccharide and a combination thereof. 28. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises a substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, glutathione, butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutylmethyltoluene, tocopherol, antioxidant of bamboo, D-isoascorbic acid and sodium salt thereof, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, phospholipid, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E and a combination thereof. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii is of a weight ratio (wt %) of 0.1% to 2%, preferably 0.5% to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5% to 1.0%, based on the total weight of the composition. 31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii is of an amount of 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably 5 mg to 15 mg, more preferably 5 mg to 10 mg, based on 1 g of the composition. 32. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further contains a growth factor, preferably a milk growth factor. 33. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 10-1×1015 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Alistipes shahii, preferably 1×104-1×1010 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Alistipes shahii, based on the total volume or total weight of the composition. 34. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 0.0001 wt % to 99 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % of Alistipes shahii, based on the total weight of the composition. 35. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is in a unit dosage form of one tablet, one capsule or one vial, and
the composition in each unit dosage form is of a mass of 0.05 g to 5 g, preferably 0.1 g to 1 g. | The present invention discloses an application of Alistipes shahii in preparing a composition for preventing and/or treating lipid metabolism related diseases, for example but not limited to, atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases and obesity.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method for treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases, comprising the step of:
administering a composition comprising (a) a safe and effective amount of Alistipes shahii and/or metabolites thereof, and a food for pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject, thereby treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the lipid metabolism related diseases are selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and a combination thereof. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Alistipes shahii is selected from the group consisting of Alistipes shahii ATCC BAA-1179, Alistipes shahii WAL 11404, Alistipes shahii WAL 11550 and a combination thereof. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Alistipes shahii is capable of one or more selected from the group consisting of:
(i) lowering blood lipid level in a mammal; (ii) reducing body weight of a mammal; (iii) relieving myocardial ischemia in a mammal; and (iv) alleviating vascular lesions in a mammal. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is administrated orally. 23. The method according to claim 18, wherein the administration dosage is 0.01 to 5 g/50 kg body weight per day, preferably 0.1 to 2 g/50 kg body weight per day. 24. The method according to claim 18, wherein the subject includes human and non-human mammal, and the non-human mammal includes rodents such as mice and rats, and primates such as monkeys. 25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises probiotics and/or prebiotics. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the probiotics are selected from the group consisting of Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and a combination thereof. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the prebiotics are selected from the group consisting of fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), lactosucrose (LACT), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), Inulin, oligosaccharide and a combination thereof. 28. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises a substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, glutathione, butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutylmethyltoluene, tocopherol, antioxidant of bamboo, D-isoascorbic acid and sodium salt thereof, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, phospholipid, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E and a combination thereof. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii is of a weight ratio (wt %) of 0.1% to 2%, preferably 0.5% to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5% to 1.0%, based on the total weight of the composition. 31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Alistipes shahii is of an amount of 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably 5 mg to 15 mg, more preferably 5 mg to 10 mg, based on 1 g of the composition. 32. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further contains a growth factor, preferably a milk growth factor. 33. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 10-1×1015 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Alistipes shahii, preferably 1×104-1×1010 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Alistipes shahii, based on the total volume or total weight of the composition. 34. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 0.0001 wt % to 99 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % of Alistipes shahii, based on the total weight of the composition. 35. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is in a unit dosage form of one tablet, one capsule or one vial, and
the composition in each unit dosage form is of a mass of 0.05 g to 5 g, preferably 0.1 g to 1 g. | 1,700 |
343,022 | 16,642,758 | 1,773 | A ground-side coil device includes a ground-side coil disposed on a road surface where a vehicle parks or stops and transmitting or receiving, via a magnetic field, electric power to or from a vehicle-side coil mounted on the vehicle, a position detection sensor disposed around the ground-side coil and acquiring information relating to the position, relative to the ground-side coil, of the vehicle approaching the ground-side coil, a screen disposed at a position visible to a driver of the vehicle approaching the ground-side coil, and a control unit controlling a display mode on the screen. | 1. A coil device comprising:
a ground-side coil disposed on a road surface where a vehicle parks or stops and wirelessly transmitting or receiving electric power to or from a vehicle-side coil mounted on the vehicle; an information acquisition unit disposed around the ground-side coil and acquiring information relating to a position of the vehicle relative to the ground-side coil; a display unit disposed at a position visible to a driver of the vehicle approaching the ground-side coil; and a control unit controlling a display mode on the display unit. 2. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit has: a position acquisition unit obtaining the position of the vehicle relative to the ground-side coil by using the information relating to the position; a position determination unit determining whether the vehicle is present in a first region or a second region by using a result of the position acquisition unit; and a first display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating that the vehicle is positioned in the first region to the driver in a case where the vehicle is present in the first region and generating a display mode indicating that the vehicle is positioned in the second region to the driver in a case where the vehicle is positioned in the second region, the first region is a region where the vehicle-side coil is capable of reaching a position above the ground-side coil in a case where the vehicle travels straight along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil, and the second region is a region where the vehicle-side coil is incapable of reaching the position above of the ground-side coil in a case where the vehicle travels straight along the reference axis. 3. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit further has:
a distance acquisition unit obtaining a correction distance for the vehicle to reach the first region in a case where the vehicle is positioned in the second region; and a second display mode generation unit generating a display mode prompting the driver to operate the vehicle such that the correction distance decreases. 4. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit further has:
an angle acquisition unit obtaining a correction angle between a direction of the reference axis and a traveling direction of the vehicle by using the information relating to the position; and a third display mode generation unit generating a display mode prompting the driver to operate the vehicle such that the correction angle decreases. 5. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 6. The coil device according to claim 5, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 7. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 8. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. 9. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 10. The coil device according to claim 9, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 11. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 12. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. 13. The coil device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 14. The coil device according to claim 13, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 15. The coil device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 16. The coil device according to claim 3, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. 17. The coil device according to claim 4, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 18. The coil device according to claim 17, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 19. The coil device according to claim 4, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 20. The coil device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. | A ground-side coil device includes a ground-side coil disposed on a road surface where a vehicle parks or stops and transmitting or receiving, via a magnetic field, electric power to or from a vehicle-side coil mounted on the vehicle, a position detection sensor disposed around the ground-side coil and acquiring information relating to the position, relative to the ground-side coil, of the vehicle approaching the ground-side coil, a screen disposed at a position visible to a driver of the vehicle approaching the ground-side coil, and a control unit controlling a display mode on the screen.1. A coil device comprising:
a ground-side coil disposed on a road surface where a vehicle parks or stops and wirelessly transmitting or receiving electric power to or from a vehicle-side coil mounted on the vehicle; an information acquisition unit disposed around the ground-side coil and acquiring information relating to a position of the vehicle relative to the ground-side coil; a display unit disposed at a position visible to a driver of the vehicle approaching the ground-side coil; and a control unit controlling a display mode on the display unit. 2. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit has: a position acquisition unit obtaining the position of the vehicle relative to the ground-side coil by using the information relating to the position; a position determination unit determining whether the vehicle is present in a first region or a second region by using a result of the position acquisition unit; and a first display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating that the vehicle is positioned in the first region to the driver in a case where the vehicle is present in the first region and generating a display mode indicating that the vehicle is positioned in the second region to the driver in a case where the vehicle is positioned in the second region, the first region is a region where the vehicle-side coil is capable of reaching a position above the ground-side coil in a case where the vehicle travels straight along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil, and the second region is a region where the vehicle-side coil is incapable of reaching the position above of the ground-side coil in a case where the vehicle travels straight along the reference axis. 3. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit further has:
a distance acquisition unit obtaining a correction distance for the vehicle to reach the first region in a case where the vehicle is positioned in the second region; and a second display mode generation unit generating a display mode prompting the driver to operate the vehicle such that the correction distance decreases. 4. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit further has:
an angle acquisition unit obtaining a correction angle between a direction of the reference axis and a traveling direction of the vehicle by using the information relating to the position; and a third display mode generation unit generating a display mode prompting the driver to operate the vehicle such that the correction angle decreases. 5. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 6. The coil device according to claim 5, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 7. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 8. The coil device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. 9. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 10. The coil device according to claim 9, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 11. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 12. The coil device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. 13. The coil device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 14. The coil device according to claim 13, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 15. The coil device according to claim 3, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 16. The coil device according to claim 3, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. 17. The coil device according to claim 4, wherein the display unit has a screen unit provided on a main surface intersecting with a vertical direction in the ground-side coil and a projection unit projecting an image onto the screen unit. 18. The coil device according to claim 17, wherein the screen unit is inclined along a reference axis passing through the ground-side coil. 19. The coil device according to claim 4, wherein the display unit is a thin-film display unit formed of a non-metal material. 20. The coil device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit further has a fourth display mode generation unit generating a display mode indicating information provided for a user other than the driver. | 1,700 |
343,023 | 16,642,770 | 2,814 | A semiconductor package may include a semiconductor package first side, an embedded bridge interconnect, a first via, and a second via. The bridge interconnect may include a bridge interconnect first side with a conductive pad and a bridge interconnect second side. The distance between the bridge interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side may be less than a distance between the bridge interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side. The first and second vias may each include a first end that is narrower than a second end. The semiconductor package first side may be closer to the first end of the first via than the second end of the first via, and closer to the second end of the second via than the first end of the second via. The first side of the semiconductor package may be configured to electrically couple to a die. | 1. A semiconductor package comprising:
a semiconductor package first side; a semiconductor package second side opposite the semiconductor package first side; an interconnect embedded in a first build-up material, wherein the first build-up material is between the semiconductor package first side and the semiconductor package second side; a first via extending through the first build-up material, the first via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, wherein a distance between the first end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the second end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side; and a second via extending through a second build-up material, the second via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the second via, wherein a distance between the second end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the first end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first build-up material and the second build-up material comprise the same material. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the interconnect includes:
an interconnect first side with a first conductive pad; and an interconnect second side opposite the interconnect first side; wherein a distance between the interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side; wherein the second via extends from the first conductive pad toward the semiconductor package first side. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
an electrolytic connector disposed at the semiconductor package first side and electrically coupled to the second via. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 4, wherein the electrolytic connector comprises a solder bump. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the electrolytic connector further comprises:
solder plating disposed at the second side of the second via, wherein the solder plating is configured to form the solder bump responsive to reflow. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the electrolytic connector further comprises:
a copper pillar disposed at the second side of the second via, wherein the solder bump is disposed on the copper pillar. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor package first side is configured to electrically couple with one or more dies. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a first conductive pad positioned at an interconnect first side; and a second conductive pad positioned at an interconnect second side. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 9, further comprising:
a third via extending through the interconnect from the second conductive pad to the first conductive pad. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein the third via comprises a through-silicon via. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein at least a first portion of the semiconductor package first side has a profile complementary to a profile of a surface of the sacrificial core. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
copper pattern plating in electrical communication with the second via. 14. An integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
a first die; and a semiconductor package comprising:
a semiconductor package first side;
a semiconductor package second side opposite the semiconductor package first side;
a bridge interconnect embedded in a first build-up material, the first build-up material positioned between the semiconductor package first side and the semiconductor package second side, the bridge interconnect including a bridge interconnect first side with a first conductive pad and a bridge interconnect second side opposite the bridge interconnect first side, wherein a distance between the bridge interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the bridge interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side;
a first via extending through the first build-up material, the first via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, wherein a distance between the first end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the second end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side; and
a second via extending through a second build-up material, the second via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the second via, wherein the first end of the second via is positioned at the conductive pad at a face of the conductive pad opposite the bridge interconnect first side;
wherein the first die is electrically coupled to the bridge interconnect via the second via. 15. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 14, further comprising:
an electrolytic connector formed at the second end of the second via, wherein the first die is electrically coupled to the to the bridge interconnect at the electrolytic connector. 16. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 15, wherein the electrolytic connector is selected from the group consisting of a solder bump and a copper pillar bump. 17. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 14, further comprising:
a second conductive pad positioned at the bridge interconnect second side; and a third via extending through the bridge interconnect from the first conductive pad to the second conductive pad. 18. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor package comprises an active bridge interconnect. 19. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a second die electrically coupled to the semiconductor package second side. 20. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor package, comprising:
providing an interconnect embedded within a build-up material formed on a surface of a sacrificial core, the interconnect including an interconnect first side with a conductive pad and an interconnect second side opposite the interconnect first side, such that a distance between the interconnect first side and the surface is less than a distance between the interconnect second side and the surface; forming a first via in the build-up material, wherein the first via has a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, and the first end is closer to the surface than the second end is to the surface; removing the sacrificial core to expose the interconnect first side; providing additional build-up material at the interconnect first side; and forming a second via in the build-up material disposed at the interconnect first side, wherein the second via has a first end that is narrower than a second end, wherein the first end of the first via and the first end of the second via face opposite directions. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein providing the interconnect embedded within the build-up material formed on the surface of the sacrificial core further comprises:
providing the build-up material on the surface of the sacrificial core; forming a cavity in the build-up material down to the surface of the sacrificial core; disposing the interconnect in the cavity; and providing additional build-up material to embed the interconnect. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
prior to removal of the sacrificial core, providing a temporary carrier on a side of the semiconductor package opposite to the sacrificial core. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first via and the second via, further comprises:
forming the first via such that a distance between the first end of the first via and a semiconductor first side is less than a distance between the second side of the first via and the semiconductor package first side; and forming the second via such that a distance between the first side of the second via and the semiconductor package first side is greater than a distance between the second side of the second via and the semiconductor package first side. 24. A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
providing a semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor package first side;
a semiconductor package second side;
a bridge interconnect embedded in a build-up material, the bridge interconnect including a bridge interconnect first side including a conductive pad, and a bridge interconnect second side opposite the bridge interconnect first side, wherein a distance between the bridge interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the bridge interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side;
a first via extending through a portion of the build-up material, the first via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, wherein a distance between the first end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the second end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side;
attaching a flattening device to the semiconductor package to hold the semiconductor package first side flat; providing additional build-up material at the bridge interconnect first side; forming a second via extending through the additional build-up material, the second via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the second via, wherein a distance between the second end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the first end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side; and attaching a die to the semiconductor package first side while the flattening device is holding the semiconductor package first side flat. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein attaching the flattening device to the semiconductor package comprises:
prior to forming the second via, attaching a temporary carrier to the semiconductor package second side. | A semiconductor package may include a semiconductor package first side, an embedded bridge interconnect, a first via, and a second via. The bridge interconnect may include a bridge interconnect first side with a conductive pad and a bridge interconnect second side. The distance between the bridge interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side may be less than a distance between the bridge interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side. The first and second vias may each include a first end that is narrower than a second end. The semiconductor package first side may be closer to the first end of the first via than the second end of the first via, and closer to the second end of the second via than the first end of the second via. The first side of the semiconductor package may be configured to electrically couple to a die.1. A semiconductor package comprising:
a semiconductor package first side; a semiconductor package second side opposite the semiconductor package first side; an interconnect embedded in a first build-up material, wherein the first build-up material is between the semiconductor package first side and the semiconductor package second side; a first via extending through the first build-up material, the first via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, wherein a distance between the first end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the second end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side; and a second via extending through a second build-up material, the second via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the second via, wherein a distance between the second end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the first end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first build-up material and the second build-up material comprise the same material. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the interconnect includes:
an interconnect first side with a first conductive pad; and an interconnect second side opposite the interconnect first side; wherein a distance between the interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side; wherein the second via extends from the first conductive pad toward the semiconductor package first side. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
an electrolytic connector disposed at the semiconductor package first side and electrically coupled to the second via. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 4, wherein the electrolytic connector comprises a solder bump. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the electrolytic connector further comprises:
solder plating disposed at the second side of the second via, wherein the solder plating is configured to form the solder bump responsive to reflow. 7. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the electrolytic connector further comprises:
a copper pillar disposed at the second side of the second via, wherein the solder bump is disposed on the copper pillar. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor package first side is configured to electrically couple with one or more dies. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a first conductive pad positioned at an interconnect first side; and a second conductive pad positioned at an interconnect second side. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 9, further comprising:
a third via extending through the interconnect from the second conductive pad to the first conductive pad. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein the third via comprises a through-silicon via. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein at least a first portion of the semiconductor package first side has a profile complementary to a profile of a surface of the sacrificial core. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
copper pattern plating in electrical communication with the second via. 14. An integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
a first die; and a semiconductor package comprising:
a semiconductor package first side;
a semiconductor package second side opposite the semiconductor package first side;
a bridge interconnect embedded in a first build-up material, the first build-up material positioned between the semiconductor package first side and the semiconductor package second side, the bridge interconnect including a bridge interconnect first side with a first conductive pad and a bridge interconnect second side opposite the bridge interconnect first side, wherein a distance between the bridge interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the bridge interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side;
a first via extending through the first build-up material, the first via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, wherein a distance between the first end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the second end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side; and
a second via extending through a second build-up material, the second via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the second via, wherein the first end of the second via is positioned at the conductive pad at a face of the conductive pad opposite the bridge interconnect first side;
wherein the first die is electrically coupled to the bridge interconnect via the second via. 15. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 14, further comprising:
an electrolytic connector formed at the second end of the second via, wherein the first die is electrically coupled to the to the bridge interconnect at the electrolytic connector. 16. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 15, wherein the electrolytic connector is selected from the group consisting of a solder bump and a copper pillar bump. 17. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 14, further comprising:
a second conductive pad positioned at the bridge interconnect second side; and a third via extending through the bridge interconnect from the first conductive pad to the second conductive pad. 18. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor package comprises an active bridge interconnect. 19. The integrated circuit assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a second die electrically coupled to the semiconductor package second side. 20. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor package, comprising:
providing an interconnect embedded within a build-up material formed on a surface of a sacrificial core, the interconnect including an interconnect first side with a conductive pad and an interconnect second side opposite the interconnect first side, such that a distance between the interconnect first side and the surface is less than a distance between the interconnect second side and the surface; forming a first via in the build-up material, wherein the first via has a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, and the first end is closer to the surface than the second end is to the surface; removing the sacrificial core to expose the interconnect first side; providing additional build-up material at the interconnect first side; and forming a second via in the build-up material disposed at the interconnect first side, wherein the second via has a first end that is narrower than a second end, wherein the first end of the first via and the first end of the second via face opposite directions. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein providing the interconnect embedded within the build-up material formed on the surface of the sacrificial core further comprises:
providing the build-up material on the surface of the sacrificial core; forming a cavity in the build-up material down to the surface of the sacrificial core; disposing the interconnect in the cavity; and providing additional build-up material to embed the interconnect. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
prior to removal of the sacrificial core, providing a temporary carrier on a side of the semiconductor package opposite to the sacrificial core. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first via and the second via, further comprises:
forming the first via such that a distance between the first end of the first via and a semiconductor first side is less than a distance between the second side of the first via and the semiconductor package first side; and forming the second via such that a distance between the first side of the second via and the semiconductor package first side is greater than a distance between the second side of the second via and the semiconductor package first side. 24. A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
providing a semiconductor package, comprising:
a semiconductor package first side;
a semiconductor package second side;
a bridge interconnect embedded in a build-up material, the bridge interconnect including a bridge interconnect first side including a conductive pad, and a bridge interconnect second side opposite the bridge interconnect first side, wherein a distance between the bridge interconnect first side and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the bridge interconnect second side and the semiconductor package first side;
a first via extending through a portion of the build-up material, the first via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the first via, wherein a distance between the first end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the second end of the first via and the semiconductor package first side;
attaching a flattening device to the semiconductor package to hold the semiconductor package first side flat; providing additional build-up material at the bridge interconnect first side; forming a second via extending through the additional build-up material, the second via including a first end that is narrower than a second end of the second via, wherein a distance between the second end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side is less than a distance between the first end of the second via and the semiconductor package first side; and attaching a die to the semiconductor package first side while the flattening device is holding the semiconductor package first side flat. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein attaching the flattening device to the semiconductor package comprises:
prior to forming the second via, attaching a temporary carrier to the semiconductor package second side. | 2,800 |
343,024 | 16,642,774 | 1,772 | The present invention relates to a catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane and a method of converting methane using the same, and more particularly to a catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, in which the properties of the catalyst are optimized by adjusting the free space between catalyst particles packed in a reactor, thereby maximizing the catalytic reaction rate without precise control of reaction conditions for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, minimizing coke formation and exhibiting stable catalytic performance even upon long-term operation, and to a method of converting methane using the same. | 1. A catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, which is granulated and packed in a shaped catalyst body form in a reactor for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane,
wherein the catalyst satisfies Mathematical Formula 1 below:
(V inter /V void)≤0.4 [Mathematical Formula 1]
in Mathematical Formula 1, Vvoid is VR−VA (VR is a volume of a catalyst-packed portion in the reactor, and VA is an apparent volume of a shaped catalyst body packed in the catalyst-packed portion), and Vinter is an interparticle space volume of the shaped catalyst body packed in the catalyst-packed portion. 2. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein a ratio [(Vvoid+Vinter)/VR] of Vvoid and Vinter to VR of the catalyst is 0.7 or less. 3. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein a sum of Vvoid and Vinter of the catalyst is 0.7 ml/gcata. or less. 4. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the Vinter of the catalyst is 0.2 ml/gcata. or less. 5. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises:
a catalyst carrier comprising silicon oxide; and iron dispersed and supported in a monoatomic form on the catalyst carrier. 6. The catalyst of claim 5, wherein an amount of iron that is supported is 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % based on a total weight of the catalyst. 7. The catalyst of claim 5, wherein the catalyst carrier is in a crystalline molten state. 8. The catalyst of claim 5, wherein the interparticle space volume (Vinter) of the shaped catalyst body in which the catalyst is granulated is decreased through repeated fusing and solidification. 9. A method of converting methane, comprising:
reacting methane in an anaerobic or oxygen-free atmosphere using the catalyst of claim 1. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reacting is carried out at a temperature of 950° C. to 1100° C. | The present invention relates to a catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane and a method of converting methane using the same, and more particularly to a catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, in which the properties of the catalyst are optimized by adjusting the free space between catalyst particles packed in a reactor, thereby maximizing the catalytic reaction rate without precise control of reaction conditions for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, minimizing coke formation and exhibiting stable catalytic performance even upon long-term operation, and to a method of converting methane using the same.1. A catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, which is granulated and packed in a shaped catalyst body form in a reactor for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane,
wherein the catalyst satisfies Mathematical Formula 1 below:
(V inter /V void)≤0.4 [Mathematical Formula 1]
in Mathematical Formula 1, Vvoid is VR−VA (VR is a volume of a catalyst-packed portion in the reactor, and VA is an apparent volume of a shaped catalyst body packed in the catalyst-packed portion), and Vinter is an interparticle space volume of the shaped catalyst body packed in the catalyst-packed portion. 2. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein a ratio [(Vvoid+Vinter)/VR] of Vvoid and Vinter to VR of the catalyst is 0.7 or less. 3. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein a sum of Vvoid and Vinter of the catalyst is 0.7 ml/gcata. or less. 4. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the Vinter of the catalyst is 0.2 ml/gcata. or less. 5. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises:
a catalyst carrier comprising silicon oxide; and iron dispersed and supported in a monoatomic form on the catalyst carrier. 6. The catalyst of claim 5, wherein an amount of iron that is supported is 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % based on a total weight of the catalyst. 7. The catalyst of claim 5, wherein the catalyst carrier is in a crystalline molten state. 8. The catalyst of claim 5, wherein the interparticle space volume (Vinter) of the shaped catalyst body in which the catalyst is granulated is decreased through repeated fusing and solidification. 9. A method of converting methane, comprising:
reacting methane in an anaerobic or oxygen-free atmosphere using the catalyst of claim 1. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reacting is carried out at a temperature of 950° C. to 1100° C. | 1,700 |
343,025 | 16,642,773 | 1,772 | A coil component includes: a first magnetic resin layer in a lower area; a second magnetic resin layer in an inner diameter area surrounded by a coil pattern, an outer peripheral area that surrounds the coil pattern, and an upper area; and an insulating gap layer between the first and second magnetic resin layers. A part of the insulating gap layer positioned between the first magnetic resin layer and a part of the second magnetic resin layer positioned in the inner diameter area is curved in the axial direction. A magnetic substrate need not be used. The insulating gap layer is provided, allowing the insulating gap layer to function as a magnetic gap. The insulating gap layer is curved in the axial direction, so that a contact area between the insulating gap layer and the first and second magnetic resin layers are increased to enhance adhesion therebetween. | 1. A coil component comprising:
a coil pattern; a first magnetic resin layer provided in a lower area covering the coil pattern from one side in an axial direction; a second magnetic resin layer provided in an inner diameter area surrounded by the coil pattern, an outer peripheral area that surrounds the coil pattern, and an upper area that covers the coil pattern from other side in the axial direction; and an insulating gap layer provided between the first and second magnetic resin layers, wherein a part of the insulating gap layer that is positioned between the first magnetic resin layer and a part of the second magnetic resin layer that is positioned in the inner diameter area is curved in the axial direction. 2. The coil component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second magnetic resin layers are made of a same material. 3. The coil component as claimed in claim 1, wherein, assuming that a maximum displacement amount in the axial direction with respect to a flat part of the insulating gap layer is L and that a diameter of the inner diameter area of the second magnetic resin layer is B, a value of L/B is in a range of 0.001 to 0.5. 4. The coil component as claimed in claim 3, wherein a value of L/B is in a range of 0.01 to 0.2. 5. A method for manufacturing a coil component, the method comprising:
forming a coil pattern on a front surface of an insulating gap layer supported by a carrier plate; forming a second magnetic resin layer in an inner diameter area surrounded by the coil pattern, an outer peripheral area that surrounds the coil pattern, and an upper area that covers the coil pattern from one side in an axial direction; forming a first magnetic resin layer on a back surface of the insulting gap layer after peeling off the carrier plate; and pressing the first and second magnetic resin layers to curve, in the axial direction, a part of the insulating gap layer that is positioned between the first magnetic resin layer and a part of the second magnetic resin layer that is positioned in the inner diameter area. 6. The method for manufacturing a coil component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the forming the second magnetic resin layers is performed by applying a semi-cured magnetic resin material. 7. The method for manufacturing a coil component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the forming the first magnetic resin layers is performed by applying a semi-cured magnetic resin material. | A coil component includes: a first magnetic resin layer in a lower area; a second magnetic resin layer in an inner diameter area surrounded by a coil pattern, an outer peripheral area that surrounds the coil pattern, and an upper area; and an insulating gap layer between the first and second magnetic resin layers. A part of the insulating gap layer positioned between the first magnetic resin layer and a part of the second magnetic resin layer positioned in the inner diameter area is curved in the axial direction. A magnetic substrate need not be used. The insulating gap layer is provided, allowing the insulating gap layer to function as a magnetic gap. The insulating gap layer is curved in the axial direction, so that a contact area between the insulating gap layer and the first and second magnetic resin layers are increased to enhance adhesion therebetween.1. A coil component comprising:
a coil pattern; a first magnetic resin layer provided in a lower area covering the coil pattern from one side in an axial direction; a second magnetic resin layer provided in an inner diameter area surrounded by the coil pattern, an outer peripheral area that surrounds the coil pattern, and an upper area that covers the coil pattern from other side in the axial direction; and an insulating gap layer provided between the first and second magnetic resin layers, wherein a part of the insulating gap layer that is positioned between the first magnetic resin layer and a part of the second magnetic resin layer that is positioned in the inner diameter area is curved in the axial direction. 2. The coil component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second magnetic resin layers are made of a same material. 3. The coil component as claimed in claim 1, wherein, assuming that a maximum displacement amount in the axial direction with respect to a flat part of the insulating gap layer is L and that a diameter of the inner diameter area of the second magnetic resin layer is B, a value of L/B is in a range of 0.001 to 0.5. 4. The coil component as claimed in claim 3, wherein a value of L/B is in a range of 0.01 to 0.2. 5. A method for manufacturing a coil component, the method comprising:
forming a coil pattern on a front surface of an insulating gap layer supported by a carrier plate; forming a second magnetic resin layer in an inner diameter area surrounded by the coil pattern, an outer peripheral area that surrounds the coil pattern, and an upper area that covers the coil pattern from one side in an axial direction; forming a first magnetic resin layer on a back surface of the insulting gap layer after peeling off the carrier plate; and pressing the first and second magnetic resin layers to curve, in the axial direction, a part of the insulating gap layer that is positioned between the first magnetic resin layer and a part of the second magnetic resin layer that is positioned in the inner diameter area. 6. The method for manufacturing a coil component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the forming the second magnetic resin layers is performed by applying a semi-cured magnetic resin material. 7. The method for manufacturing a coil component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the forming the first magnetic resin layers is performed by applying a semi-cured magnetic resin material. | 1,700 |
343,026 | 16,642,784 | 1,772 | A percussion instrument comprising a polymeric material. Specifically, a polymeric shell body and a polymeric tensioning ring may be used to construct the percussion instrument. The polymeric tensioning ring may be configured to promote stiffness of the tensioning ring and reduce unwanted deflection when tensioning a drumhead using the tensioning ring. In an example, a composite polymeric material, including reinforcing fibers may be employed. The resulting percussion instrument may be lighter and provide increased dimensional stability, which may be particularly suited for percussion instruments to be used in harsh environmental conditions such as marching bands or the like. | 1. A percussion instrument, comprising:
a shell body comprising a cylindrical member having a circumferential edge portion and a first thickness, the cylindrical member extending about a central axis, and the shell body comprising a first polymeric material; a rim portion disposed at the circumferential edge portion the rim portion comprising a second thickness greater than the first thickness and defining an outer diameter, the rim portion comprising the first polymeric material; and a tensioning ring having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter to facilitate a slip fit interface between the rim portion and the tensioning ring, the tensioning ring comprising one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis, and the tensioning ring comprising a second polymeric material. 2. The percussion instrument of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of tensioning lugs disposed on an exterior surface of the shell body extending away from the central axis; and a plurality of tensioning apertures defined in the tensioning ring in corresponding relation to the plurality of tensioning lugs, the one or more reinforced portions of the increased ring height extending between adjacent ones of the plurality of tensioning apertures. 3. The percussion instrument of claim 2, wherein the tensioning ring comprises:
an annular wall; and a flange comprising a capture surface contactably engageable with a bead of a drumhead, the one or more reinforced portions extending from the flange and external to the capture surface of the flange. 4. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 10% reinforcing fiber by weight. 5. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 20% reinforcing fiber by weight. 6. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 30% reinforcing fiber by weight. 7. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 1% reinforcing fiber by weight and not greater than about 75% reinforcing fiber by weight. 8. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the shell body comprises a plurality of segments joined together to define the cylindrical member. 9. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter is no more than about 0.200 inches (5.8 mm) greater than the outer diameter. 10. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter is no more than about 0.100 inches (2.54 mm) greater than the outer diameter. 11. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a thermoplastic material. 12. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a thermoset material. 13. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the shell body comprises a plurality of layers laminated to define the cylindrical member. 14. The percussion instrument of claim 13, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a plurality of cellular cavities. 15. A method for assembly of a percussion instrument, comprising:
assembling a polymeric shell body by joining a plurality of segments together to define a cylindrical member of the polymeric shell body having a central axis; joining a rim portion to a circumferential edge portion of the cylindrical member, wherein the rim portion comprises a continuous structure extending about the circumferential edge portion; capturing a drumhead between the rim portion and a tensioning ring, a bead of the drumhead extending beyond an outer diameter of the rim portion of the shell body; disposing the tensioning ring having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter in a slip fit engagement with the rim portion; tensioning a plurality of tensioning members extending between the polymeric shell body and the tensioning ring to apply a tensioning force on the drumhead captured between the rim portion and the tensioning ring, the tensioning ring comprising one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis; and maintaining a substantially uniform tension of the drumhead in response to the tensioning. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
molding at least one of the plurality of segments such that a mold of at least one segment separates in a radial direction relative to the at least one segment. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
molding at least one of the plurality of segments such that a mold of at least one segment separates in an axial direction relative to the at least one segment. 20. A method for assembly of a percussion instrument, comprising:
laminating a plurality of layers of material to form a polymeric shell body; capturing a drumhead between a rim portion of the polymeric shell body having a central axis and a tensioning ring, a bead of the drumhead extending beyond an outer diameter of the rim portion of the shell body; disposing the tensioning ring having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter in a slip fit engagement with the rim portion; tensioning a plurality of tensioning members extending between the polymeric shell body and the tensioning ring to apply a tensioning force on the drumhead captured between the rim portion and the tensioning ring, the tensioning ring comprising one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis; and maintaining a substantially uniform tension of the drumhead in response to the tensioning. 21. A polymeric tensioning ring for a percussion instrument, comprising:
an annular wall extending about a central axis; a flange comprising a capture surface extending radially relative to the central axis and contactably engageable with a bead of a drumhead; and one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis, the one or more reinforced portions extending from the flange and external to the capture surface of the flange. | A percussion instrument comprising a polymeric material. Specifically, a polymeric shell body and a polymeric tensioning ring may be used to construct the percussion instrument. The polymeric tensioning ring may be configured to promote stiffness of the tensioning ring and reduce unwanted deflection when tensioning a drumhead using the tensioning ring. In an example, a composite polymeric material, including reinforcing fibers may be employed. The resulting percussion instrument may be lighter and provide increased dimensional stability, which may be particularly suited for percussion instruments to be used in harsh environmental conditions such as marching bands or the like.1. A percussion instrument, comprising:
a shell body comprising a cylindrical member having a circumferential edge portion and a first thickness, the cylindrical member extending about a central axis, and the shell body comprising a first polymeric material; a rim portion disposed at the circumferential edge portion the rim portion comprising a second thickness greater than the first thickness and defining an outer diameter, the rim portion comprising the first polymeric material; and a tensioning ring having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter to facilitate a slip fit interface between the rim portion and the tensioning ring, the tensioning ring comprising one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis, and the tensioning ring comprising a second polymeric material. 2. The percussion instrument of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of tensioning lugs disposed on an exterior surface of the shell body extending away from the central axis; and a plurality of tensioning apertures defined in the tensioning ring in corresponding relation to the plurality of tensioning lugs, the one or more reinforced portions of the increased ring height extending between adjacent ones of the plurality of tensioning apertures. 3. The percussion instrument of claim 2, wherein the tensioning ring comprises:
an annular wall; and a flange comprising a capture surface contactably engageable with a bead of a drumhead, the one or more reinforced portions extending from the flange and external to the capture surface of the flange. 4. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 10% reinforcing fiber by weight. 5. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 20% reinforcing fiber by weight. 6. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 30% reinforcing fiber by weight. 7. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a composite polymeric material having not less than about 1% reinforcing fiber by weight and not greater than about 75% reinforcing fiber by weight. 8. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the shell body comprises a plurality of segments joined together to define the cylindrical member. 9. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter is no more than about 0.200 inches (5.8 mm) greater than the outer diameter. 10. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter is no more than about 0.100 inches (2.54 mm) greater than the outer diameter. 11. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a thermoplastic material. 12. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material comprise a thermoset material. 13. The percussion instrument of claim 1, wherein the shell body comprises a plurality of layers laminated to define the cylindrical member. 14. The percussion instrument of claim 13, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a plurality of cellular cavities. 15. A method for assembly of a percussion instrument, comprising:
assembling a polymeric shell body by joining a plurality of segments together to define a cylindrical member of the polymeric shell body having a central axis; joining a rim portion to a circumferential edge portion of the cylindrical member, wherein the rim portion comprises a continuous structure extending about the circumferential edge portion; capturing a drumhead between the rim portion and a tensioning ring, a bead of the drumhead extending beyond an outer diameter of the rim portion of the shell body; disposing the tensioning ring having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter in a slip fit engagement with the rim portion; tensioning a plurality of tensioning members extending between the polymeric shell body and the tensioning ring to apply a tensioning force on the drumhead captured between the rim portion and the tensioning ring, the tensioning ring comprising one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis; and maintaining a substantially uniform tension of the drumhead in response to the tensioning. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
molding at least one of the plurality of segments such that a mold of at least one segment separates in a radial direction relative to the at least one segment. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
molding at least one of the plurality of segments such that a mold of at least one segment separates in an axial direction relative to the at least one segment. 20. A method for assembly of a percussion instrument, comprising:
laminating a plurality of layers of material to form a polymeric shell body; capturing a drumhead between a rim portion of the polymeric shell body having a central axis and a tensioning ring, a bead of the drumhead extending beyond an outer diameter of the rim portion of the shell body; disposing the tensioning ring having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter in a slip fit engagement with the rim portion; tensioning a plurality of tensioning members extending between the polymeric shell body and the tensioning ring to apply a tensioning force on the drumhead captured between the rim portion and the tensioning ring, the tensioning ring comprising one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis; and maintaining a substantially uniform tension of the drumhead in response to the tensioning. 21. A polymeric tensioning ring for a percussion instrument, comprising:
an annular wall extending about a central axis; a flange comprising a capture surface extending radially relative to the central axis and contactably engageable with a bead of a drumhead; and one or more reinforced portions of increased ring height in a dimension parallel to the central axis, the one or more reinforced portions extending from the flange and external to the capture surface of the flange. | 1,700 |
343,027 | 16,642,759 | 1,772 | There is provided a system for packaging objects on a conveyor using a tubular plastic film. More specifically, the invention provides a system, wherein the tubular plastic film can be wrapped around the objects in a horizontal manner. | 1. A system for packaging objects with a tubular plastic film, said system comprises:
a gripping unit having a plurality of horizontally oriented gripping aims for holding the tubular plastic film and for releasing it onto an object; a first conveyor for supporting the object and transporting it toward the gripping unit in an axis parallel with the gripping arms so that the object is delivered between the gripping arms; a second conveyor for supporting the object and transporting it away from the gripping unit, said second conveyor placed next to the gripping unit, which during packaging is placed between the first and second conveyors; elements adapted for cooperating with each other for temporarily holding the film, said elements enclosing a cutting device and a welding device, said elements positioned at the end of the first conveyor; and a control unit. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film comprise a set of reciprocating elements that can be forced together in order to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating two closed ends. 3. System The system according to claim, wherein an additional welding device is adopted between the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film, said welding device and said additional welding device flanking the cutting device. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is programmed to execute the following steps:
loading the gripping unit with tubular plastic film; ensuring that the gripping unit is placed between the first and second conveyors, whereby the gripping arms are positioned axially with the conveyors; activating the first conveyor to transport the object toward the gripping unit, wherein the object moves along and in between the gripping arms; activating the gripping unit to release film from the gripping arms onto the object while the object moves towards the second conveyor; activating the set of reciprocating elements thereby forcing them to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating a closed end in the film covering the object; and moving the object with closed ends to the second conveyor to transport the packaged object away from the gripping unit. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gripping unit is loadable with tubular plastic film for packaging at least 3 objects. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gripping unit is movable. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the gripping unit is movable, such as on a track, between a station for loading the gripping unit and the space between the first and second conveyors, where packaging of the object is performed. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to accommodate a long object by consecutively releasing two tubular film segments along the object, said segments overlapping each other along the length of the object. 9. A method for packaging objects tubular film with the system of claim 1, said method comprises the steps of:
loading the gripping unit with tubular plastic film; directing the gripping unit to be placed between the first and second conveyors, whereby the gripping aims are positioned axially with the conveyors; activating the first conveyor to transport the object toward the gripping unit, wherein the object moves along and in between the gripping arms; activating the gripping unit to release film from the gripping arms onto the object while the object moves towards the second conveyor; activating the set of reciprocating elements thereby forcing them together in order to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating one or two closed ends; and moving the object with closed ends to the second conveyor to transport the packaged object away from the gripping unit. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the gripping unit is configured to accommodate a long object by consecutively releasing two tubular film segments along the object, said segments overlapping each other along the length of the object. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the overlapping segments are held in place by gluing or by a band, such as a strip. 12. An apparatus for holding a tubular film while said film is being welded an cut, said apparatus comprising elements adapted for cooperating with each other for temporarily holding the film, said elements enclosing a cutting device and a welding device. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film comprise a set of reciprocating elements that can be forced together in order to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating two closed ends. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus comprises an additional welding device placed between the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film, said welding device and said additional welding device flanking the cutting device. | There is provided a system for packaging objects on a conveyor using a tubular plastic film. More specifically, the invention provides a system, wherein the tubular plastic film can be wrapped around the objects in a horizontal manner.1. A system for packaging objects with a tubular plastic film, said system comprises:
a gripping unit having a plurality of horizontally oriented gripping aims for holding the tubular plastic film and for releasing it onto an object; a first conveyor for supporting the object and transporting it toward the gripping unit in an axis parallel with the gripping arms so that the object is delivered between the gripping arms; a second conveyor for supporting the object and transporting it away from the gripping unit, said second conveyor placed next to the gripping unit, which during packaging is placed between the first and second conveyors; elements adapted for cooperating with each other for temporarily holding the film, said elements enclosing a cutting device and a welding device, said elements positioned at the end of the first conveyor; and a control unit. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film comprise a set of reciprocating elements that can be forced together in order to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating two closed ends. 3. System The system according to claim, wherein an additional welding device is adopted between the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film, said welding device and said additional welding device flanking the cutting device. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is programmed to execute the following steps:
loading the gripping unit with tubular plastic film; ensuring that the gripping unit is placed between the first and second conveyors, whereby the gripping arms are positioned axially with the conveyors; activating the first conveyor to transport the object toward the gripping unit, wherein the object moves along and in between the gripping arms; activating the gripping unit to release film from the gripping arms onto the object while the object moves towards the second conveyor; activating the set of reciprocating elements thereby forcing them to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating a closed end in the film covering the object; and moving the object with closed ends to the second conveyor to transport the packaged object away from the gripping unit. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gripping unit is loadable with tubular plastic film for packaging at least 3 objects. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gripping unit is movable. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the gripping unit is movable, such as on a track, between a station for loading the gripping unit and the space between the first and second conveyors, where packaging of the object is performed. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to accommodate a long object by consecutively releasing two tubular film segments along the object, said segments overlapping each other along the length of the object. 9. A method for packaging objects tubular film with the system of claim 1, said method comprises the steps of:
loading the gripping unit with tubular plastic film; directing the gripping unit to be placed between the first and second conveyors, whereby the gripping aims are positioned axially with the conveyors; activating the first conveyor to transport the object toward the gripping unit, wherein the object moves along and in between the gripping arms; activating the gripping unit to release film from the gripping arms onto the object while the object moves towards the second conveyor; activating the set of reciprocating elements thereby forcing them together in order to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating one or two closed ends; and moving the object with closed ends to the second conveyor to transport the packaged object away from the gripping unit. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the gripping unit is configured to accommodate a long object by consecutively releasing two tubular film segments along the object, said segments overlapping each other along the length of the object. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the overlapping segments are held in place by gluing or by a band, such as a strip. 12. An apparatus for holding a tubular film while said film is being welded an cut, said apparatus comprising elements adapted for cooperating with each other for temporarily holding the film, said elements enclosing a cutting device and a welding device. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film comprise a set of reciprocating elements that can be forced together in order to press against the outer surface of the film, while the cutting device and welding device, which is placed between the set of reciprocating elements, cuts and welds the film thereby generating two closed ends. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus comprises an additional welding device placed between the elements adapted for cooperating with each other for holding the film, said welding device and said additional welding device flanking the cutting device. | 1,700 |
343,028 | 16,642,755 | 1,772 | In an image provision apparatus (100), a decomposition unit (111) decomposes image data into pieces of unit image data (70). A storing unit (112) stores, in a memory unit (130), image management information (131) including each piece of unit image data (70) of the pieces of unit image data and position information. An acquisition unit (121) accepts a provision request (52). The provision request (52) includes range information representing a range of a partial image in the image. The acquisition unit (121) acquires a unit image data set (711) representing unit images each including at least part of the partial image from the image management information (131), based on the range information and the position information. A generation unit (122) generates the partial image (63) based on the unit image data set (711). | 1-8. (canceled) 9. An image provision apparatus comprising:
processing circuitry to: decompose image data representing an image into pieces of decomposed image data representing decomposed images obtained by decomposing the image into raster lines in a row direction or a column direction; decompose each piece of the pieces of decomposed image data into pieces of unit image data representing unit images obtained by further decomposing each of the decomposed images; store, in a memory, image management information including each piece of unit image data of the pieces of unit image data and position information representing a position of a corresponding one of the unit images in the image; accept a provision request to request provision of a partial image, which is at least part of the image, the provision request including range information representing a range of the partial image in the image and reduction information to request reduction of the partial image, and acquire, as a unit image data set, a set of pieces of unit image data each representing a unit image including at least part of the partial image from the image management information, based on the range information and the position information; extract partial image data representing at least part of the partial image from each piece of the pieces of unit image data included in the acquired unit image data set, based on the range information; and combine pieces of partial image data extracted from the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set, and generate the partial image as a reduced image based on the reduction information, each pixel of the reduced image being generated by a process using only a portion of the partial image necessary for generating each pixel. 10. The image provision apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the memory is a database with a table structure, and wherein the processing circuitry stores the image management information in the database with a table structure. 11. An image provision method comprising:
decomposing image data representing an image into pieces of decomposed image data representing decomposed images obtained by decomposing the image into raster lines in a row direction or a column direction; decomposing each piece of the pieces of decomposed image data into pieces of unit image data representing unit images obtained by further decomposing each of the decomposed images; storing, in a memory, image management information including each piece of unit image data of the pieces of unit image data and position information representing a position of a corresponding one of the unit images in the image; accepting a provision request to request provision of a partial image, which is at least part of the image, the provision request including range information representing a range of the partial image in the image and reduction information to request reduction of the partial image, and acquiring, as a unit image data set, a set of pieces of unit image data each representing a unit image including at least part of the partial image from the image management information, based on the range information and the position information; extracting partial image data representing at least part of the partial image from each piece of the pieces of unit image data included in the acquired unit image data set, based on the range information; and combining pieces of partial image data extracted from the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set, and generating the partial image as a reduced image based on the reduction information, each pixel of the reduced image being generated by a process using only a portion of the partial image necessary for generating each pixel. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an image provision program for causing a computer to execute:
an image decomposition process to decompose image data representing an image into pieces of decomposed image data representing decomposed images obtained by decomposing the image into raster lines in a row direction or a column direction; a raster decomposition process to decompose each piece of the pieces of decomposed image data into pieces of unit image data representing unit images obtained by further decomposing each of the decomposed images; a storing process to store, in a memory, image management information including each piece of unit image data of the pieces of unit image data and position information representing a position of a corresponding one of the unit images in the image; an acquisition process to accept a provision request to request provision of a partial image, which is at least part of the image, the provision request including range information representing a range of the partial image in the image and reduction information to request reduction of the partial image, and acquire, as a unit image data set, a set of pieces of unit image data each representing a unit image including at least part of the partial image from the image management information, based on the range information and the position information; an extraction process to extract partial image data representing at least part of the partial image from each piece of the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set acquired by the acquisition process, based on the range information; and a combining process to combine pieces of partial image data extracted from the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set, and generate the partial image as a reduced image based on the reduction information, each pixel of the reduced image being generated by a process using only a portion of the partial image necessary for generating each pixel. | In an image provision apparatus (100), a decomposition unit (111) decomposes image data into pieces of unit image data (70). A storing unit (112) stores, in a memory unit (130), image management information (131) including each piece of unit image data (70) of the pieces of unit image data and position information. An acquisition unit (121) accepts a provision request (52). The provision request (52) includes range information representing a range of a partial image in the image. The acquisition unit (121) acquires a unit image data set (711) representing unit images each including at least part of the partial image from the image management information (131), based on the range information and the position information. A generation unit (122) generates the partial image (63) based on the unit image data set (711).1-8. (canceled) 9. An image provision apparatus comprising:
processing circuitry to: decompose image data representing an image into pieces of decomposed image data representing decomposed images obtained by decomposing the image into raster lines in a row direction or a column direction; decompose each piece of the pieces of decomposed image data into pieces of unit image data representing unit images obtained by further decomposing each of the decomposed images; store, in a memory, image management information including each piece of unit image data of the pieces of unit image data and position information representing a position of a corresponding one of the unit images in the image; accept a provision request to request provision of a partial image, which is at least part of the image, the provision request including range information representing a range of the partial image in the image and reduction information to request reduction of the partial image, and acquire, as a unit image data set, a set of pieces of unit image data each representing a unit image including at least part of the partial image from the image management information, based on the range information and the position information; extract partial image data representing at least part of the partial image from each piece of the pieces of unit image data included in the acquired unit image data set, based on the range information; and combine pieces of partial image data extracted from the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set, and generate the partial image as a reduced image based on the reduction information, each pixel of the reduced image being generated by a process using only a portion of the partial image necessary for generating each pixel. 10. The image provision apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the memory is a database with a table structure, and wherein the processing circuitry stores the image management information in the database with a table structure. 11. An image provision method comprising:
decomposing image data representing an image into pieces of decomposed image data representing decomposed images obtained by decomposing the image into raster lines in a row direction or a column direction; decomposing each piece of the pieces of decomposed image data into pieces of unit image data representing unit images obtained by further decomposing each of the decomposed images; storing, in a memory, image management information including each piece of unit image data of the pieces of unit image data and position information representing a position of a corresponding one of the unit images in the image; accepting a provision request to request provision of a partial image, which is at least part of the image, the provision request including range information representing a range of the partial image in the image and reduction information to request reduction of the partial image, and acquiring, as a unit image data set, a set of pieces of unit image data each representing a unit image including at least part of the partial image from the image management information, based on the range information and the position information; extracting partial image data representing at least part of the partial image from each piece of the pieces of unit image data included in the acquired unit image data set, based on the range information; and combining pieces of partial image data extracted from the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set, and generating the partial image as a reduced image based on the reduction information, each pixel of the reduced image being generated by a process using only a portion of the partial image necessary for generating each pixel. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an image provision program for causing a computer to execute:
an image decomposition process to decompose image data representing an image into pieces of decomposed image data representing decomposed images obtained by decomposing the image into raster lines in a row direction or a column direction; a raster decomposition process to decompose each piece of the pieces of decomposed image data into pieces of unit image data representing unit images obtained by further decomposing each of the decomposed images; a storing process to store, in a memory, image management information including each piece of unit image data of the pieces of unit image data and position information representing a position of a corresponding one of the unit images in the image; an acquisition process to accept a provision request to request provision of a partial image, which is at least part of the image, the provision request including range information representing a range of the partial image in the image and reduction information to request reduction of the partial image, and acquire, as a unit image data set, a set of pieces of unit image data each representing a unit image including at least part of the partial image from the image management information, based on the range information and the position information; an extraction process to extract partial image data representing at least part of the partial image from each piece of the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set acquired by the acquisition process, based on the range information; and a combining process to combine pieces of partial image data extracted from the pieces of unit image data included in the unit image data set, and generate the partial image as a reduced image based on the reduction information, each pixel of the reduced image being generated by a process using only a portion of the partial image necessary for generating each pixel. | 1,700 |
343,029 | 16,642,730 | 1,772 | There is described a bioresorbable metal alloy which is particularly suitable for the formation of bioresorbable medical devices, for example stents. The metal alloy essentially comprises 3.2 to 4.8% by weight lithium, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight yttrium; and the balance being magnesium, in addition to any trace elements. The metal alloy can be drawn into a wire which can be shaped into a stent scaffold. The stent can be produced using one or more stent scaffolds together with one or more bioresorbable polymer connectors, for example formed from PLGA. | 1. An alloy which consists essentially of:
3.2 to 4.8% by weight lithium, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight yttrium; and the balance being high purity magnesium, wherein said alloy has an Fe and Ca content of 150 ppm or less, and is substantially free of all other rare earth metals beyond trace levels. 2. A wire drawn from the alloy as claimed in claim 1. 3. An implantable medical device which comprises the alloy as claimed in claim 1. 4. An implantable medical device which comprises the wire as claimed in claim 2. 5. A stent scaffold which comprises the wire as claimed in claim 2. 6. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 5, wherein the wire is shaped into a repeating waveform having alternate crowns and troughs. 7. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the repeating waveform is helically wound to form a tubular structure. 8. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the waveform in their formed position have an inner diameter, Dcrown according to the formula:
D crown =X×D wire wherein X is a ratio parameter having a value of from 2.4 to 2.8 and Dwire is the cross-sectional diameter of the wire. 9. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6 wherein the height of the waveform is from 0.5 mm to 20 mm. 10. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 9 wherein the height of the waveform is from 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm. 11. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein at least three helical turns of the waveform are present. 12. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the repeating waveform are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 13. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the repeating waveform are aligned in an anti-clockwise helix relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 14. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the repeating waveform are aligned in a clockwise helix relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 15. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the repeating waveform consists of repeats of a unit waveform, each unit waveform having a first crown segment connected by a first leg to a trough which is connected to a second leg, the second leg being connected to a second crown segment and wherein the second crown segment connects to the first crown segment of the adjacent unit waveform to form a crown, and wherein the first leg have a different length to the second leg. 16. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the repeating waveform consists of repeats of a unit waveform, each unit waveform having a first crown segment connected by a first leg to a trough which is connected to a second leg, the second leg being connected to a second crown segment and wherein the second crown segment connects to the first crown segment of the adjacent unit waveform to form a crown, and wherein the first leg is the same length as the second leg. 17. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6 which is at least partially coated with a layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 18. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 17 wherein said stent scaffold is coated at one or both ends with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 19. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 17 wherein said stent scaffold is substantially coated with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 20. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 17 wherein said layer of polymer is a conformal layer of aliphatic polyester polymer having a thickness of 20 microns or less. 21. A stent which comprises a stent scaffold as claimed in claim 5, and which further comprises a bioresorbable polymer connector which links at least two turns of the stent scaffold. 22. The stent as claimed in claim 21 wherein the connector is attached to each turn of the scaffold along the full length of the stent scaffold. 23. The stent as claimed in claim 21, which comprises two, three or four connectors, and wherein the connectors are equi-distantly spaced from each other around the circumference of the stent scaffold. 24. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein the longitudinal axis of the or each connector is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 25. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein the longitudinal axis of the or each connector is angularly offset from the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 26. The stent as claimed in claim 21 comprising a first set of connectors, wherein the longitudinal axis of each connector is aligned with the longitudinal axis of each other connector within said first set, and wherein each connector has a length which is less than that of the stent scaffold. 27. The stent as claimed in claim 26 wherein the longitudinal axes of the connectors of the first set are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 28. The stent as claimed in claim 26 wherein the longitudinal axes of the connectors of the first set are angularly off-set from the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 29. The stent as claimed in claim 21 comprising a first set of connectors, wherein the longitudinal axis of each connector has the same helical angle as the longitudinal axis of each other connector within said first set, and wherein each connector has a length which is less than that of the stent scaffold. 30. The stent as claimed in claim 26 which comprises first and second sets of connectors, with each set being spaced equi-distantly around the circumference of the stent scaffold. 31. The stent as claimed in claim 30 which comprises first, second and third sets of connectors, with each set being spaced equi-distantly around the circumference of the stent scaffold. 32. The stent as claimed in claim 26, wherein there is at least one connector at every point along the length of the stent. 33. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein at least one connector is bonded to the stent scaffold such that the connector partially envelops a strut of the stent scaffold such that the connector at least partially uncouples from the stent scaffold during expansion of the stent in an angulated body lumen. 34. The stent as claimed in claim 33 wherein the width of the at least one connector is 100% to 500% of the diameter of the wire. 35. The stent as claimed in claim 21 wherein at least one connector has an external fin. 36. A stent comprising two or more stent scaffolds as claimed in claim 5 longitudinally connected together by a bioresorbable polymer connector. 37. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is a polyester. 38. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is an aliphatic polyester. 39. The stent as claimed in claim 38, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or copolymers of PLGA or mixtures thereof. 40. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein there is at least one connector at every point along the length of the stent. 41. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is an amorphous copolymer of 20-30% glycolide and 70-80% lactide, and said polymer has a molecular weight greater than 70 k g/mol. 42. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein the connector(s) are helically arranged and wherein the width of the connector(s) is 100% to 500% of the diameter of the wire, such that an internal spiral protrusion is formed within the lumen of the stent after deployment which causes spiral flow of fluid travelling therein. 43. The stent as claimed in claim 21 having a coating which comprises a bioactive drug. 44. The stent as claimed in claim 10 which further comprises a bioresorbable polymer connector which links at least two turns of the stent scaffold, wherein said bioresorbable polymer is an aliphatic polyester, and wherein said stent has a coating which comprises a bioactive drug. 45. A method of producing a hybrid stent, wherein said process comprises: using a 3D printer to extrude a polymer onto the surface of a stent scaffold as claimed in claim 5 to form a polymer connector thereon. 46. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein said polymer is a bioresorbable polymer. 47. The method as claimed in claim 46 wherein said polymer is a polyester. 48. The method as claimed in claim 46 wherein said bioresorbable polymer is a homo-polymer or copolymer of PGLA. 49. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the stent scaffold is heated during the printing process. 50. The method as claimed in claim 49 wherein said stent scaffold is heated to a temperature of between 40 to 60° C. 51. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the stent scaffold is mounted onto a rotating mandrel which is linked to the 3D printer. 52. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein said stent scaffold is at least partially coated with a layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer prior to the step of using a 3D printer to extrude a polymer onto the surface of the stent scaffold to form a polymer connector thereon. 53. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said stent scaffold is coated at one or both ends with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 54. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said stent scaffold is substantially coated with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 55. The method as claimed in claim 53 wherein said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer is a conformal layer of aliphatic polyester polymer having a thickness of 20 microns or less. | There is described a bioresorbable metal alloy which is particularly suitable for the formation of bioresorbable medical devices, for example stents. The metal alloy essentially comprises 3.2 to 4.8% by weight lithium, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight yttrium; and the balance being magnesium, in addition to any trace elements. The metal alloy can be drawn into a wire which can be shaped into a stent scaffold. The stent can be produced using one or more stent scaffolds together with one or more bioresorbable polymer connectors, for example formed from PLGA.1. An alloy which consists essentially of:
3.2 to 4.8% by weight lithium, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight yttrium; and the balance being high purity magnesium, wherein said alloy has an Fe and Ca content of 150 ppm or less, and is substantially free of all other rare earth metals beyond trace levels. 2. A wire drawn from the alloy as claimed in claim 1. 3. An implantable medical device which comprises the alloy as claimed in claim 1. 4. An implantable medical device which comprises the wire as claimed in claim 2. 5. A stent scaffold which comprises the wire as claimed in claim 2. 6. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 5, wherein the wire is shaped into a repeating waveform having alternate crowns and troughs. 7. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the repeating waveform is helically wound to form a tubular structure. 8. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the waveform in their formed position have an inner diameter, Dcrown according to the formula:
D crown =X×D wire wherein X is a ratio parameter having a value of from 2.4 to 2.8 and Dwire is the cross-sectional diameter of the wire. 9. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6 wherein the height of the waveform is from 0.5 mm to 20 mm. 10. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 9 wherein the height of the waveform is from 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm. 11. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein at least three helical turns of the waveform are present. 12. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the repeating waveform are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 13. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the repeating waveform are aligned in an anti-clockwise helix relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 14. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crowns of the repeating waveform are aligned in a clockwise helix relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 15. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the repeating waveform consists of repeats of a unit waveform, each unit waveform having a first crown segment connected by a first leg to a trough which is connected to a second leg, the second leg being connected to a second crown segment and wherein the second crown segment connects to the first crown segment of the adjacent unit waveform to form a crown, and wherein the first leg have a different length to the second leg. 16. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6, wherein the repeating waveform consists of repeats of a unit waveform, each unit waveform having a first crown segment connected by a first leg to a trough which is connected to a second leg, the second leg being connected to a second crown segment and wherein the second crown segment connects to the first crown segment of the adjacent unit waveform to form a crown, and wherein the first leg is the same length as the second leg. 17. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 6 which is at least partially coated with a layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 18. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 17 wherein said stent scaffold is coated at one or both ends with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 19. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 17 wherein said stent scaffold is substantially coated with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 20. The stent scaffold as claimed in claim 17 wherein said layer of polymer is a conformal layer of aliphatic polyester polymer having a thickness of 20 microns or less. 21. A stent which comprises a stent scaffold as claimed in claim 5, and which further comprises a bioresorbable polymer connector which links at least two turns of the stent scaffold. 22. The stent as claimed in claim 21 wherein the connector is attached to each turn of the scaffold along the full length of the stent scaffold. 23. The stent as claimed in claim 21, which comprises two, three or four connectors, and wherein the connectors are equi-distantly spaced from each other around the circumference of the stent scaffold. 24. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein the longitudinal axis of the or each connector is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 25. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein the longitudinal axis of the or each connector is angularly offset from the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 26. The stent as claimed in claim 21 comprising a first set of connectors, wherein the longitudinal axis of each connector is aligned with the longitudinal axis of each other connector within said first set, and wherein each connector has a length which is less than that of the stent scaffold. 27. The stent as claimed in claim 26 wherein the longitudinal axes of the connectors of the first set are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 28. The stent as claimed in claim 26 wherein the longitudinal axes of the connectors of the first set are angularly off-set from the longitudinal axis of the stent scaffold. 29. The stent as claimed in claim 21 comprising a first set of connectors, wherein the longitudinal axis of each connector has the same helical angle as the longitudinal axis of each other connector within said first set, and wherein each connector has a length which is less than that of the stent scaffold. 30. The stent as claimed in claim 26 which comprises first and second sets of connectors, with each set being spaced equi-distantly around the circumference of the stent scaffold. 31. The stent as claimed in claim 30 which comprises first, second and third sets of connectors, with each set being spaced equi-distantly around the circumference of the stent scaffold. 32. The stent as claimed in claim 26, wherein there is at least one connector at every point along the length of the stent. 33. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein at least one connector is bonded to the stent scaffold such that the connector partially envelops a strut of the stent scaffold such that the connector at least partially uncouples from the stent scaffold during expansion of the stent in an angulated body lumen. 34. The stent as claimed in claim 33 wherein the width of the at least one connector is 100% to 500% of the diameter of the wire. 35. The stent as claimed in claim 21 wherein at least one connector has an external fin. 36. A stent comprising two or more stent scaffolds as claimed in claim 5 longitudinally connected together by a bioresorbable polymer connector. 37. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is a polyester. 38. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is an aliphatic polyester. 39. The stent as claimed in claim 38, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or copolymers of PLGA or mixtures thereof. 40. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein there is at least one connector at every point along the length of the stent. 41. The stent as claimed in claim 36, wherein said bioresorbable polymer connector is an amorphous copolymer of 20-30% glycolide and 70-80% lactide, and said polymer has a molecular weight greater than 70 k g/mol. 42. The stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein the connector(s) are helically arranged and wherein the width of the connector(s) is 100% to 500% of the diameter of the wire, such that an internal spiral protrusion is formed within the lumen of the stent after deployment which causes spiral flow of fluid travelling therein. 43. The stent as claimed in claim 21 having a coating which comprises a bioactive drug. 44. The stent as claimed in claim 10 which further comprises a bioresorbable polymer connector which links at least two turns of the stent scaffold, wherein said bioresorbable polymer is an aliphatic polyester, and wherein said stent has a coating which comprises a bioactive drug. 45. A method of producing a hybrid stent, wherein said process comprises: using a 3D printer to extrude a polymer onto the surface of a stent scaffold as claimed in claim 5 to form a polymer connector thereon. 46. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein said polymer is a bioresorbable polymer. 47. The method as claimed in claim 46 wherein said polymer is a polyester. 48. The method as claimed in claim 46 wherein said bioresorbable polymer is a homo-polymer or copolymer of PGLA. 49. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the stent scaffold is heated during the printing process. 50. The method as claimed in claim 49 wherein said stent scaffold is heated to a temperature of between 40 to 60° C. 51. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the stent scaffold is mounted onto a rotating mandrel which is linked to the 3D printer. 52. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein said stent scaffold is at least partially coated with a layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer prior to the step of using a 3D printer to extrude a polymer onto the surface of the stent scaffold to form a polymer connector thereon. 53. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said stent scaffold is coated at one or both ends with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 54. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said stent scaffold is substantially coated with said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer. 55. The method as claimed in claim 53 wherein said layer of bioresorbable aliphatic polyester polymer is a conformal layer of aliphatic polyester polymer having a thickness of 20 microns or less. | 1,700 |
343,030 | 16,642,736 | 1,772 | A communication control system according to an embodiment includes a first communication control device and a second signal processing device. The first communication control device is connected to a client terminal device and a network communication grid. The second communication control device is connected to a server terminal device and the network communication grid. | 1. A communication control system comprising:
a first communication control device connected to a client device and a network communication grid; and a second communication control device connected to a server device and the network communication grid, wherein the first communication control device comprises a first authentication unit; and a first control unit that is configured to request the first authentication unit to perform at least one of a mutual authentication process and an encryption/decryption process, the mutual authentication process perform in communication with the second communication control device, the mutual authentication process perform using a secret key and a client certificate issued by a private authentication authority, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information that is transmitted to the server device by the client device, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information using a common key determined in communication the first communication control device and the second communication control device, and the encryption/decryption process decrypt the information that is transmitted to the client device by the server device, and wherein the second communication control device comprises a second authentication unit; and a second control unit that is configured to request the second authentication unit to perform at least one of a mutual authentication process and a an encryption/decryption process, the mutual authentication process perform in communication with the first communication control device, the mutual authentication process perform using a secret key and a server certificate issued by the private authentication authority, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information that is transmitted to the client device by the server device, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information using the common key, and the encryption/decryption process decrypt the information that is transmitted to the server device by the client device using the common key. 2. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first authentication unit is attached to the first communication control device so that the first authentication unit is able to be attached to or detached from the first communication control device. 3. The communication control system according to claim 1, further comprising the private authentication authority,
wherein the private authentication authority transmits the secret key and the client certificate stored in the first authentication unit to the first communication control device and transmits the secret key and the server certificate stored in the second authentication unit to the second communication control device. 4. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit requests the first authentication unit to perform the mutual authentication in communication with a communication device transmitting information to the client device, determines whether or not to permit communication with the client device for the communication device on the basis of a result of the mutual authentication, and transmits a determination result to the private authentication authority. 5. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit requests the first authentication unit to perform a firmware verification process of performing verification of whether or not details of information about firmware of the client device transmitted to the client device are correct using a key issued by the private authentication authority. 6. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first authentication unit determines whether or not to permit communication with the client device for a communication device transmitting information to the client device on the basis of a transmission destination list indicating information about communication equipment for which communication with the client device is permitted. 7. The communication control system according to claim 3,
wherein the private authentication authority further comprises a certificate update unit configured to update the client certificate on the basis of a validity period of the client certificate, and wherein the private authentication authority transmits the client certificate updated by the certificate update unit to the first communication control device. 8. The communication control system according to claim 3, wherein the private authentication authority further comprises a management unit configured to invalidate the client certificate when validity has not been mutually proved in the first mutual authentication process of the first communication control device. 9. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first communication control device determines whether or not a connection with the client device is being maintained at a predetermined timing. 10. A communication control device connected to a first communication device and a network communication grid, the communication control device comprising:
an authentication unit; and a control unit that is configured to request the authentication unit to perform at least one of a mutual authentication process and an encryption/decryption process, the mutual authentication process perform in communication with another communication control device, the mutual authentication process perform using a secret key and a certificate issued by a private authentication authority, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information that is transmitted to a second communication device by the first communication device, the second communication device is a communication destination of the first communication device, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information using a common key determined in communication with the communication control device and the other communication control device, and the encryption/decryption process decrypt the information that is transmitted to the first communication device by the second communication device. | A communication control system according to an embodiment includes a first communication control device and a second signal processing device. The first communication control device is connected to a client terminal device and a network communication grid. The second communication control device is connected to a server terminal device and the network communication grid.1. A communication control system comprising:
a first communication control device connected to a client device and a network communication grid; and a second communication control device connected to a server device and the network communication grid, wherein the first communication control device comprises a first authentication unit; and a first control unit that is configured to request the first authentication unit to perform at least one of a mutual authentication process and an encryption/decryption process, the mutual authentication process perform in communication with the second communication control device, the mutual authentication process perform using a secret key and a client certificate issued by a private authentication authority, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information that is transmitted to the server device by the client device, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information using a common key determined in communication the first communication control device and the second communication control device, and the encryption/decryption process decrypt the information that is transmitted to the client device by the server device, and wherein the second communication control device comprises a second authentication unit; and a second control unit that is configured to request the second authentication unit to perform at least one of a mutual authentication process and a an encryption/decryption process, the mutual authentication process perform in communication with the first communication control device, the mutual authentication process perform using a secret key and a server certificate issued by the private authentication authority, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information that is transmitted to the client device by the server device, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information using the common key, and the encryption/decryption process decrypt the information that is transmitted to the server device by the client device using the common key. 2. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first authentication unit is attached to the first communication control device so that the first authentication unit is able to be attached to or detached from the first communication control device. 3. The communication control system according to claim 1, further comprising the private authentication authority,
wherein the private authentication authority transmits the secret key and the client certificate stored in the first authentication unit to the first communication control device and transmits the secret key and the server certificate stored in the second authentication unit to the second communication control device. 4. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit requests the first authentication unit to perform the mutual authentication in communication with a communication device transmitting information to the client device, determines whether or not to permit communication with the client device for the communication device on the basis of a result of the mutual authentication, and transmits a determination result to the private authentication authority. 5. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit requests the first authentication unit to perform a firmware verification process of performing verification of whether or not details of information about firmware of the client device transmitted to the client device are correct using a key issued by the private authentication authority. 6. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first authentication unit determines whether or not to permit communication with the client device for a communication device transmitting information to the client device on the basis of a transmission destination list indicating information about communication equipment for which communication with the client device is permitted. 7. The communication control system according to claim 3,
wherein the private authentication authority further comprises a certificate update unit configured to update the client certificate on the basis of a validity period of the client certificate, and wherein the private authentication authority transmits the client certificate updated by the certificate update unit to the first communication control device. 8. The communication control system according to claim 3, wherein the private authentication authority further comprises a management unit configured to invalidate the client certificate when validity has not been mutually proved in the first mutual authentication process of the first communication control device. 9. The communication control system according to claim 1, wherein the first communication control device determines whether or not a connection with the client device is being maintained at a predetermined timing. 10. A communication control device connected to a first communication device and a network communication grid, the communication control device comprising:
an authentication unit; and a control unit that is configured to request the authentication unit to perform at least one of a mutual authentication process and an encryption/decryption process, the mutual authentication process perform in communication with another communication control device, the mutual authentication process perform using a secret key and a certificate issued by a private authentication authority, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information that is transmitted to a second communication device by the first communication device, the second communication device is a communication destination of the first communication device, the encryption/decryption process encrypt information using a common key determined in communication with the communication control device and the other communication control device, and the encryption/decryption process decrypt the information that is transmitted to the first communication device by the second communication device. | 1,700 |
343,031 | 16,642,761 | 1,772 | An apparatus and method for use with a vehicle wheel balancing system (100) to obtain non-contact measurements of dimensions on a wheel assembly (200) secured on a spindle shaft (104), together with identification of, and distances to, operator-selected locations on various surfaces of a wheel assembly 200. | 1. An apparatus for optically measuring a wheel assembly secured coaxially on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system having a base structure supporting the spindle shaft and a processor configured to operate the wheel balancing system, the apparatus comprising:
a non-contact sensor secured to the base structure, said non-contact sensor including an optical sensor having a field of view directed along a fixed orientation, control logic and a laser emitter mounted on a laser support shaft for rotational movement independent of the fixed orientation of the optical sensor field of view, said laser emitter aligned to project a laser beam towards an inboard surface of the wheel assembly within said optical sensor field of view; an adjustment mechanism operatively coupled to the laser emitter to rotate said laser emitter about an axis of said support shaft, wherein an orientation of the laser beam within an emission plane is responsive to a rotational position of the laser emitter; wherein said control logic is configured to receive output from said fixed optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light sensitive surface of said optical sensor illuminated by a spot of reflected light from a point on said inboard surface illuminated by said laser beam within said emission plane; and wherein said control logic is further configured to utilize and said output from said optical sensor to generate to said processor, an output signal which is representative of an incident angle at said optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said inboard surface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control logic is responsive to an operator-triggered input signal to generate said output signal representative of said incident angle. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a rotational position sensor associated with said laser emitter, said rotational position sensor configured to generate a second output signal to said processor, said second output signal representative of a rotational position of said laser emitter about an axis of said shaft. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said adjustment mechanism is a manually-operable adjustment knob. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said adjustment mechanism includes a drive motor responsive to output from said processor to alter an orientation of said laser emitter about said axis of said shaft. 6. An apparatus for optically measuring a wheel assembly secured coaxially on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system, the wheel balancing system having a base structure supporting the spindle shaft, a protective hood structure secured to the base on a hood support shaft for arcuate motion about a hood axis between an open position clear of the wheel assembly and a closed position partially enclosing the wheel assembly, and a processor configured to operate the wheel balancing system, the apparatus comprising:
an inner non-contact sensor secured to the base structure, said inner non-contact sensor including a first fixed optical sensor having a first field of view directed in a fixed orientation, first control logic and a first laser emitter mounted on a support shaft for movement independent of the first fixed optical sensor, said first laser emitter aligned to project a first laser beam towards an inboard surface of the wheel assembly within said first field of view; wherein said first control logic is configured to receive output from said first optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light-sensitive surface of said first optical sensor for a first spot of laser light reflected from a point on said inboard surface illuminated by said first laser beam within a first emission plane; wherein said first control logic is further configured to utilize and said output from said first optical sensor to generate a first output signal to said processor which is representative of an incident angle at said first optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said inboard surface; an outboard non-contact sensor secured to the protective hood structure, said outboard non-contact sensor including a second fixed optical sensor having a second field of view directed in a fixed orientation relative to said hood axis, second control logic, and a second laser emitter, said second laser emitter configured to project a second laser beam towards an outboard surface of the wheel assembly along an axis having a fixed orientation relative to said hood axis; wherein said second control logic is configured to receive output from said second fixed optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light-sensitive surface of said second optical sensor for a second spot of laser light reflected from a point on said outboard surface illuminated by said second laser beam; and wherein said second control logic is further configured to utilize said output from said second optical sensor to generate a second output signal to said processor which is representative of an incident angle at said second optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said outboard surface. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further including a first rotational position sensor associated with said first laser emitter, said first rotational position sensor configured to generate a first rotational position output signal to said processor, said first rotational position output signal representative of a rotational position of said first laser emitter about said support shaft axis. 8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said first control logic is responsive to an operator-triggered input signal to generate said first output signal representative of said incident angle of said light reflected from said inboard surface; and
wherein said second control logic is responsive to a processor-triggered input signal to generate said second output signal representative of said incident angle of said light reflected from said outboard surface. 9. The apparatus of claim 6 further including a rotational position sensor associated with said protective hood structure, said rotational position sensor configured to generate a hood position output signal to said processor representative of a rotational position of said hood support shaft about said hood axis; and
wherein said processor-triggered input signal is associated with said rotational position of said support shaft about said hood axis. 10. An apparatus for optically measuring a wheel assembly secured coaxially on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system, the wheel balancing system having a base structure supporting the spindle shaft, a protective hood structure secured to the base on a support shaft for arcuate motion about a hood axis between an open position clear of the wheel assembly and a closed position partially enclosing the wheel assembly, and a processor configured to operate the wheel balancing system, the apparatus comprising:
a non-contact sensor secured to the protective hood in a position to travers an arcuate path during said arcuate motion of said hood, said non-contact sensor including an optical sensor having a field of view oriented towards an outboard surface of the wheel assembly along an axis fixed relative to said hood axis, and a laser emitter oriented to project a laser beam towards said outboard surface of the wheel assembly along a projection axis fixed relative to said hood axis; control logic associated with said non-contact sensor, said control logic configured to receive output from said fixed optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light-sensitive surface of said optical sensor of a spot of laser light reflected from a point on said outboard surface illuminated by said laser beam; and wherein said control logic is further configured to utilize said output from said optical sensor to generate an output signal to said processor which is representative of an incident angle at said optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said outboard surface. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said control logic is responsive to a processor-triggered input signal to generate said output signal representative of said incident angle of said light reflected from said outboard surface. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 further including a rotational position sensor associated with said protective hood structure, said rotational position sensor configured to generate a hood position output signal to said processor representative of a rotational position of said support shaft about said hood axis; and
wherein said processor-triggered input signal is associated with said rotational position of said support shaft about said hood axis. 13. A method for optically measuring a vehicle wheel assembly secured on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring measurements from an inboard surface of the vehicle wheel assembly with an inner non-contact measurement sensor including a laser emitter mounted on a support shaft for rotating a an emitted laser beam within an emission plane intersecting said inboard surface, surface; receiving, at a light-sensitive surface of an optical detector having a fixed field of view oriented towards said inboard surface, laser light reflected from said inboard surface to identify an incident angle of said reflected laser light; generating an output signal from a rotational position sensor representative of a rotational position of the laser emitter about an axis of said support shaft; and determining, using said identified incident angle of reflected laser light and said rotational position sensor output signal, at least one linear distance associated with a point on said inboard surface illuminated by said emitted laser beam. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein said at least one linear distance is a radial displacement of said illuminated point on said inboard surface from an axis of said spindle shaft. 15. The method of claim 13 further including manual rotation of said laser emitter about said axis of said support shaft to illuminate a selected point on said inboard surface of said wheel assembly within said emission plane. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said selected point is located on an inboard rim edge of said vehicle wheel assembly. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein said selected point is located within an imbalance correction plane of said vehicle wheel assembly. 18. The method of claim 13, further including:
acquiring measurements from an outboard surface of the vehicle wheel assembly, said measurements acquired with an outer non-contact measurement sensor secured to a protective hood structure for traversing an arcuate path during opening and closing of said protective hood structure; wherein said measurement acquisition includes emitting a laser beam from a fixed laser emitter within said outer non-contact measurement sensor towards said outboard surface, and receiving laser light reflected from said outboard surface at a light-sensitive surface of an optical detector to identify an incident angle of said reflected laser light; and determining, using said identified incident angle of reflected laser light from said outboard surface, together with a known configuration of said fixed laser emitter and optical detector within said outer non-contact measurement sensor, at least one linear distance associated with a point on said outboard surface illuminated by said emitted laser beam. 19. The method of claim 18, further including:
generating an output signal representative of a rotational position of the protective hood structure about an axis of a hood support shaft; and wherein determining said at least one linear distance associated with a point on said outboard surface is responsive to said output signal identifying when said fixed laser emitter of said outer rotational position sensor is positioned on said arcuate path to emit said laser beam along an axis parallel to, and displaced at a selected radial distance from, a rotational axis of said spindle shaft. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein said selected radial distance is identified by an operator utilizing said inner non-contact measurement sensor to illuminate a point on said inboard surface of said wheel assembly. | An apparatus and method for use with a vehicle wheel balancing system (100) to obtain non-contact measurements of dimensions on a wheel assembly (200) secured on a spindle shaft (104), together with identification of, and distances to, operator-selected locations on various surfaces of a wheel assembly 200.1. An apparatus for optically measuring a wheel assembly secured coaxially on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system having a base structure supporting the spindle shaft and a processor configured to operate the wheel balancing system, the apparatus comprising:
a non-contact sensor secured to the base structure, said non-contact sensor including an optical sensor having a field of view directed along a fixed orientation, control logic and a laser emitter mounted on a laser support shaft for rotational movement independent of the fixed orientation of the optical sensor field of view, said laser emitter aligned to project a laser beam towards an inboard surface of the wheel assembly within said optical sensor field of view; an adjustment mechanism operatively coupled to the laser emitter to rotate said laser emitter about an axis of said support shaft, wherein an orientation of the laser beam within an emission plane is responsive to a rotational position of the laser emitter; wherein said control logic is configured to receive output from said fixed optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light sensitive surface of said optical sensor illuminated by a spot of reflected light from a point on said inboard surface illuminated by said laser beam within said emission plane; and wherein said control logic is further configured to utilize and said output from said optical sensor to generate to said processor, an output signal which is representative of an incident angle at said optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said inboard surface. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control logic is responsive to an operator-triggered input signal to generate said output signal representative of said incident angle. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a rotational position sensor associated with said laser emitter, said rotational position sensor configured to generate a second output signal to said processor, said second output signal representative of a rotational position of said laser emitter about an axis of said shaft. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said adjustment mechanism is a manually-operable adjustment knob. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said adjustment mechanism includes a drive motor responsive to output from said processor to alter an orientation of said laser emitter about said axis of said shaft. 6. An apparatus for optically measuring a wheel assembly secured coaxially on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system, the wheel balancing system having a base structure supporting the spindle shaft, a protective hood structure secured to the base on a hood support shaft for arcuate motion about a hood axis between an open position clear of the wheel assembly and a closed position partially enclosing the wheel assembly, and a processor configured to operate the wheel balancing system, the apparatus comprising:
an inner non-contact sensor secured to the base structure, said inner non-contact sensor including a first fixed optical sensor having a first field of view directed in a fixed orientation, first control logic and a first laser emitter mounted on a support shaft for movement independent of the first fixed optical sensor, said first laser emitter aligned to project a first laser beam towards an inboard surface of the wheel assembly within said first field of view; wherein said first control logic is configured to receive output from said first optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light-sensitive surface of said first optical sensor for a first spot of laser light reflected from a point on said inboard surface illuminated by said first laser beam within a first emission plane; wherein said first control logic is further configured to utilize and said output from said first optical sensor to generate a first output signal to said processor which is representative of an incident angle at said first optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said inboard surface; an outboard non-contact sensor secured to the protective hood structure, said outboard non-contact sensor including a second fixed optical sensor having a second field of view directed in a fixed orientation relative to said hood axis, second control logic, and a second laser emitter, said second laser emitter configured to project a second laser beam towards an outboard surface of the wheel assembly along an axis having a fixed orientation relative to said hood axis; wherein said second control logic is configured to receive output from said second fixed optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light-sensitive surface of said second optical sensor for a second spot of laser light reflected from a point on said outboard surface illuminated by said second laser beam; and wherein said second control logic is further configured to utilize said output from said second optical sensor to generate a second output signal to said processor which is representative of an incident angle at said second optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said outboard surface. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further including a first rotational position sensor associated with said first laser emitter, said first rotational position sensor configured to generate a first rotational position output signal to said processor, said first rotational position output signal representative of a rotational position of said first laser emitter about said support shaft axis. 8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said first control logic is responsive to an operator-triggered input signal to generate said first output signal representative of said incident angle of said light reflected from said inboard surface; and
wherein said second control logic is responsive to a processor-triggered input signal to generate said second output signal representative of said incident angle of said light reflected from said outboard surface. 9. The apparatus of claim 6 further including a rotational position sensor associated with said protective hood structure, said rotational position sensor configured to generate a hood position output signal to said processor representative of a rotational position of said hood support shaft about said hood axis; and
wherein said processor-triggered input signal is associated with said rotational position of said support shaft about said hood axis. 10. An apparatus for optically measuring a wheel assembly secured coaxially on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system, the wheel balancing system having a base structure supporting the spindle shaft, a protective hood structure secured to the base on a support shaft for arcuate motion about a hood axis between an open position clear of the wheel assembly and a closed position partially enclosing the wheel assembly, and a processor configured to operate the wheel balancing system, the apparatus comprising:
a non-contact sensor secured to the protective hood in a position to travers an arcuate path during said arcuate motion of said hood, said non-contact sensor including an optical sensor having a field of view oriented towards an outboard surface of the wheel assembly along an axis fixed relative to said hood axis, and a laser emitter oriented to project a laser beam towards said outboard surface of the wheel assembly along a projection axis fixed relative to said hood axis; control logic associated with said non-contact sensor, said control logic configured to receive output from said fixed optical sensor responsive to a pixel position on a light-sensitive surface of said optical sensor of a spot of laser light reflected from a point on said outboard surface illuminated by said laser beam; and wherein said control logic is further configured to utilize said output from said optical sensor to generate an output signal to said processor which is representative of an incident angle at said optical sensor for said reflected laser light from said outboard surface. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said control logic is responsive to a processor-triggered input signal to generate said output signal representative of said incident angle of said light reflected from said outboard surface. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 further including a rotational position sensor associated with said protective hood structure, said rotational position sensor configured to generate a hood position output signal to said processor representative of a rotational position of said support shaft about said hood axis; and
wherein said processor-triggered input signal is associated with said rotational position of said support shaft about said hood axis. 13. A method for optically measuring a vehicle wheel assembly secured on a spindle shaft of a wheel balancing system, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring measurements from an inboard surface of the vehicle wheel assembly with an inner non-contact measurement sensor including a laser emitter mounted on a support shaft for rotating a an emitted laser beam within an emission plane intersecting said inboard surface, surface; receiving, at a light-sensitive surface of an optical detector having a fixed field of view oriented towards said inboard surface, laser light reflected from said inboard surface to identify an incident angle of said reflected laser light; generating an output signal from a rotational position sensor representative of a rotational position of the laser emitter about an axis of said support shaft; and determining, using said identified incident angle of reflected laser light and said rotational position sensor output signal, at least one linear distance associated with a point on said inboard surface illuminated by said emitted laser beam. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein said at least one linear distance is a radial displacement of said illuminated point on said inboard surface from an axis of said spindle shaft. 15. The method of claim 13 further including manual rotation of said laser emitter about said axis of said support shaft to illuminate a selected point on said inboard surface of said wheel assembly within said emission plane. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said selected point is located on an inboard rim edge of said vehicle wheel assembly. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein said selected point is located within an imbalance correction plane of said vehicle wheel assembly. 18. The method of claim 13, further including:
acquiring measurements from an outboard surface of the vehicle wheel assembly, said measurements acquired with an outer non-contact measurement sensor secured to a protective hood structure for traversing an arcuate path during opening and closing of said protective hood structure; wherein said measurement acquisition includes emitting a laser beam from a fixed laser emitter within said outer non-contact measurement sensor towards said outboard surface, and receiving laser light reflected from said outboard surface at a light-sensitive surface of an optical detector to identify an incident angle of said reflected laser light; and determining, using said identified incident angle of reflected laser light from said outboard surface, together with a known configuration of said fixed laser emitter and optical detector within said outer non-contact measurement sensor, at least one linear distance associated with a point on said outboard surface illuminated by said emitted laser beam. 19. The method of claim 18, further including:
generating an output signal representative of a rotational position of the protective hood structure about an axis of a hood support shaft; and wherein determining said at least one linear distance associated with a point on said outboard surface is responsive to said output signal identifying when said fixed laser emitter of said outer rotational position sensor is positioned on said arcuate path to emit said laser beam along an axis parallel to, and displaced at a selected radial distance from, a rotational axis of said spindle shaft. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein said selected radial distance is identified by an operator utilizing said inner non-contact measurement sensor to illuminate a point on said inboard surface of said wheel assembly. | 1,700 |
343,032 | 16,642,748 | 1,772 | An asymmetric deblocking method for deblocking a boundary between a P block and a Q block such that 5 samples within the P block and 7 or 3 samples within the Q block are modified. The method includes determining a value refP based on at least p5, determining a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is q3 or q7; determining a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; performing a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle; and performing a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle. | 1. An asymmetric deblocking method for deblocking a boundary between a P block of samples and a Q block of samples such that samples within the P block and samples within the Q block are modified, the method comprising:
determining a value refP based on at least p5, wherein p5 is a sample within the P block and there are five other samples (p0, p1, p2, p3, and p4) within the P block that separate p5 from the boundary; determining a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is a sample within the P block and either i) there are three other samples (q0, q1, and q2) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary or ii) there are seven other samples (q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, and q6) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary; determining a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; performing a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle; and performing a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the boundary is a vertical boundary, samples p0 to p5 are aligned in a row that is orthogonal to the vertical boundary, and samples q0 to q3 or samples q0 to q6 are aligned in the row. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the boundary is a horizontal boundary, samples p0 to p5 are aligned in a column that is orthogonal to the horizontal boundary, and samples q0 to q3 or samples q0 to q6 are aligned in the column. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein
there are seven other samples (q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, and q6) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary (i.e., qx=q7); refQ is equal to: (q6+qx+1)>>1, and refMiddle is equal to (p5+p4+p3+p2+2*(p1+p0+q0+q1)+q2+q3+q4+q5+8)>>4) 5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle comprises calculating p′(x)=(f(x)*refMiddle+(64−f(x))*refP+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 4, p′(x) is a filtered version of px, and f={58,45,32,19,6}. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle comprises calculating q′(x)=(g(x)*refMiddle+(64−g(x))*refQ+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 6, q′(x) is a filtered version of qx, and g={59,50,41,32,23,14,5}. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein
there are three other samples (q0, q1, and q2) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary (i.e., qx=q3); refQ is equal to: (q2+qx+1)>>1, and refMiddle is equal to (p3+p2+p1+p0+q0+q1+q2+q3+4)>>3. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle comprises calculating calculating p′(x)=(f(x)*refMiddle+(64−f(x))*refP+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 4, p′(x) is a filtered version of px, and f={58,45,32,19,6}. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle comprises calculating q′(x)=(g(x)*refMiddle+(64−g(x))*refQ+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 2, q′(x) is a filtered version of q(x), and g={53,32,11}. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein refP is equal to: (p5+p4+1)>>1. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein
the P block is above or to the left of the Q block, or the P block is below or to the right of the Q block. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein
the P block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of 32 samples, and the P block uses prediction sub-blocks. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the Q block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of less than 32 samples. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein
the Q block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of equal to or larger than 32 samples, and the Q block does not uses sub-blocks. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein
the P block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of 32 samples, and the boundary is a horizontal coding tree unit (CTU) boundary. 16. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
for x from 0 to 4, determining p″(x)=clip3(p′(x)+tcPx, p′(x)−tcPx, p′(x)), where tcPx is a clipping threshold, and 17. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
for x from 0 to 2, determining q″(x)=clip3(q′(x)+tcQx, q′(x)−tcQx, q′(x)), where tcQx is a clipping threshold, and 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the clipping threshold is a quantization parameter (QP) dependent clipping threshold. 19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program comprising instructions which when executed by processing circuitry causes the processing circuitry to perform the method of claim 1. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. An apparatus for deblocking a boundary between a P block of samples and a Q block of samples such that samples within the P block and samples within the Q block are modified, the apparatus comprising:
processing circuitry; and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processing circuitry, whereby said apparatus is operative to: determine a value refP based on at least p5, wherein p5 is a sample within the P block and there are five other samples (p0, p1, p2, p3, and p4) within the P block that separate p5 from the boundary; determine a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is a sample within the P block and either i) there are three other samples (q0, q1, and q2) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary or ii) there are seven other samples (q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, and q6) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary; determine a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; perform a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle, thereby modifying samples within the P block; and perform a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle, thereby modifying samples within the Q block. | An asymmetric deblocking method for deblocking a boundary between a P block and a Q block such that 5 samples within the P block and 7 or 3 samples within the Q block are modified. The method includes determining a value refP based on at least p5, determining a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is q3 or q7; determining a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; performing a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle; and performing a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle.1. An asymmetric deblocking method for deblocking a boundary between a P block of samples and a Q block of samples such that samples within the P block and samples within the Q block are modified, the method comprising:
determining a value refP based on at least p5, wherein p5 is a sample within the P block and there are five other samples (p0, p1, p2, p3, and p4) within the P block that separate p5 from the boundary; determining a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is a sample within the P block and either i) there are three other samples (q0, q1, and q2) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary or ii) there are seven other samples (q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, and q6) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary; determining a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; performing a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle; and performing a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the boundary is a vertical boundary, samples p0 to p5 are aligned in a row that is orthogonal to the vertical boundary, and samples q0 to q3 or samples q0 to q6 are aligned in the row. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the boundary is a horizontal boundary, samples p0 to p5 are aligned in a column that is orthogonal to the horizontal boundary, and samples q0 to q3 or samples q0 to q6 are aligned in the column. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein
there are seven other samples (q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, and q6) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary (i.e., qx=q7); refQ is equal to: (q6+qx+1)>>1, and refMiddle is equal to (p5+p4+p3+p2+2*(p1+p0+q0+q1)+q2+q3+q4+q5+8)>>4) 5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle comprises calculating p′(x)=(f(x)*refMiddle+(64−f(x))*refP+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 4, p′(x) is a filtered version of px, and f={58,45,32,19,6}. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle comprises calculating q′(x)=(g(x)*refMiddle+(64−g(x))*refQ+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 6, q′(x) is a filtered version of qx, and g={59,50,41,32,23,14,5}. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein
there are three other samples (q0, q1, and q2) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary (i.e., qx=q3); refQ is equal to: (q2+qx+1)>>1, and refMiddle is equal to (p3+p2+p1+p0+q0+q1+q2+q3+4)>>3. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle comprises calculating calculating p′(x)=(f(x)*refMiddle+(64−f(x))*refP+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 4, p′(x) is a filtered version of px, and f={58,45,32,19,6}. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle comprises calculating q′(x)=(g(x)*refMiddle+(64−g(x))*refQ+32)>>6, where x is 0 to 2, q′(x) is a filtered version of q(x), and g={53,32,11}. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein refP is equal to: (p5+p4+1)>>1. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein
the P block is above or to the left of the Q block, or the P block is below or to the right of the Q block. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein
the P block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of 32 samples, and the P block uses prediction sub-blocks. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the Q block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of less than 32 samples. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein
the Q block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of equal to or larger than 32 samples, and the Q block does not uses sub-blocks. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein
the P block has a size in a direction orthogonal to the boundary of 32 samples, and the boundary is a horizontal coding tree unit (CTU) boundary. 16. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
for x from 0 to 4, determining p″(x)=clip3(p′(x)+tcPx, p′(x)−tcPx, p′(x)), where tcPx is a clipping threshold, and 17. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
for x from 0 to 2, determining q″(x)=clip3(q′(x)+tcQx, q′(x)−tcQx, q′(x)), where tcQx is a clipping threshold, and 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the clipping threshold is a quantization parameter (QP) dependent clipping threshold. 19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program comprising instructions which when executed by processing circuitry causes the processing circuitry to perform the method of claim 1. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. An apparatus for deblocking a boundary between a P block of samples and a Q block of samples such that samples within the P block and samples within the Q block are modified, the apparatus comprising:
processing circuitry; and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processing circuitry, whereby said apparatus is operative to: determine a value refP based on at least p5, wherein p5 is a sample within the P block and there are five other samples (p0, p1, p2, p3, and p4) within the P block that separate p5 from the boundary; determine a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is a sample within the P block and either i) there are three other samples (q0, q1, and q2) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary or ii) there are seven other samples (q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, and q6) within the Q block that separate qx from the boundary; determine a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; perform a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle, thereby modifying samples within the P block; and perform a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle, thereby modifying samples within the Q block. | 1,700 |
343,033 | 16,642,739 | 1,772 | Provided is a vehicular lighting device (1) attached to a motorbike (100) that is capable of traveling around corners due to the vehicle body being tilted toward the direction for turning, wherein the vehicular lighting device (1) comprises at least two lamps and a sensor (7) for detecting the surrounding environment toward the rear of the vehicle. The vehicular lighting device (1) comprises a left lighting unit (2L) and a right lighting unit (2R) as the at least two lamps. The sensor (7) is disposed between the left lighting unit (2L) and the right lighting unit (2R) as viewed from rearward of the vehicle. | 1. A vehicle lighting device that is to be attached to a vehicle capable of traveling at a corner by tilting a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle lighting device comprising:
at least two lamps; and a sensor configured to detect a surrounding environment behind the vehicle, wherein the sensor is disposed between the at least two lamps as viewed from a rear side of the vehicle. 2. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is disposed in a rear of the vehicle compared to the at least two lamps. 3. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is disposed such that a traveling wind of the vehicle passes at least one of an upper side, a lower side, a left side, and a right side of the sensor. 4. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 1, wherein
a gap through which the traveling wind of the vehicle passes is formed between the sensor and at least one of the at least two lamps. 5. A vehicle lighting device that is to be attached to a vehicle capable of traveling at a corner by tilting a vehicle body toward a turning direction, wherein
at least two sensors configured to detect a surrounding environment behind the vehicle are mounted, and the at least two sensors are disposed symmetrically with respect to a traveling direction of the vehicle at a time of traveling straight ahead. 6. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 5, wherein
the sensors are two LiDAR. 7. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 5, wherein
the sensors are two cameras. 8. A vehicle lighting device that is to be attached to a vehicle capable of traveling at a corner by tilting a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle lighting device comprising:
a sensor configured to detect a surrounding environment behind the vehicle, wherein components of the vehicle lighting device including the sensor are disposed such that a traveling wind of the vehicle passes around a detection surface of the sensor. 9. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 8, wherein the sensor is disposed at a predetermined distance from the components other than the sensor. 10. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a cleaner configured to eject a cleaning medium to the detection surface of the sensor. | Provided is a vehicular lighting device (1) attached to a motorbike (100) that is capable of traveling around corners due to the vehicle body being tilted toward the direction for turning, wherein the vehicular lighting device (1) comprises at least two lamps and a sensor (7) for detecting the surrounding environment toward the rear of the vehicle. The vehicular lighting device (1) comprises a left lighting unit (2L) and a right lighting unit (2R) as the at least two lamps. The sensor (7) is disposed between the left lighting unit (2L) and the right lighting unit (2R) as viewed from rearward of the vehicle.1. A vehicle lighting device that is to be attached to a vehicle capable of traveling at a corner by tilting a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle lighting device comprising:
at least two lamps; and a sensor configured to detect a surrounding environment behind the vehicle, wherein the sensor is disposed between the at least two lamps as viewed from a rear side of the vehicle. 2. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is disposed in a rear of the vehicle compared to the at least two lamps. 3. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is disposed such that a traveling wind of the vehicle passes at least one of an upper side, a lower side, a left side, and a right side of the sensor. 4. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 1, wherein
a gap through which the traveling wind of the vehicle passes is formed between the sensor and at least one of the at least two lamps. 5. A vehicle lighting device that is to be attached to a vehicle capable of traveling at a corner by tilting a vehicle body toward a turning direction, wherein
at least two sensors configured to detect a surrounding environment behind the vehicle are mounted, and the at least two sensors are disposed symmetrically with respect to a traveling direction of the vehicle at a time of traveling straight ahead. 6. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 5, wherein
the sensors are two LiDAR. 7. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 5, wherein
the sensors are two cameras. 8. A vehicle lighting device that is to be attached to a vehicle capable of traveling at a corner by tilting a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle lighting device comprising:
a sensor configured to detect a surrounding environment behind the vehicle, wherein components of the vehicle lighting device including the sensor are disposed such that a traveling wind of the vehicle passes around a detection surface of the sensor. 9. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 8, wherein the sensor is disposed at a predetermined distance from the components other than the sensor. 10. The vehicle lighting device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a cleaner configured to eject a cleaning medium to the detection surface of the sensor. | 1,700 |
343,034 | 16,642,743 | 1,772 | A vehicle illumination system provided in a vehicle capable of traveling around a corner by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction includes: a headlamp mounted on a front portion of the vehicle; a communication lamp disposed on the vehicle body in a region adjacent to the head tamp so as to be visible from ahead of the vehicle; and an illumination control unit configured to change a lighting mode of the communication lamp depending on a state of the vehicle. | 1. A vehicle illumination system provided in a vehicle capable of traveling around a comer by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle illumination system comprising:
a headlamp mounted on a front portion of the vehicle; a communication lamp disposed on the vehicle body in a region adjacent to the head lamp so as to be visible from ahead of the vehicle; and an illumination control unit configured to change a lighting mode of the communication lamp depending on a state of the vehicle. 2. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 1,
wherein the illumination control unit is configured to change the lighting mode of the communication lamp depending on a lighting mode of the headlamp. 3. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 1,
wherein the communication lamp includes a plurality of light emitting segments, and wherein the illumination control unit is configured to change a lighting mode of each of the plurality of light emitting segments. 4. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 3,
wherein each of the plurality of light emitting segments includes a light source and a cover member configured to cover the light source and to transmit light from the light source, and wherein when the light source is not lit, the cover member is configured to be visible in a color that is the same as or similar to a color of the region in which the communication lamp of the vehicle body is disposed. 5. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a road surface drawing lamp capable of forming a road surface drawing pattern on a road surface, wherein a light emission pattern of the communication lamp is associated with the road surface drawing pattern. 6. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 5,
wherein a light emission timing of the light emission pattern coincides with a light emission timing of the road surface drawing pattern. 7. A vehicle system comprising:
a road surface drawing lamp mounted on a vehicle capable of traveling around a corner by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction; and a control unit configured to adjust a shape of a road surface drawing pattern formed on a road surface by the road surface drawing lamp, wherein the control unit is configured to maintain the shape of the road surface drawing pattern regardless of an inclination state of the vehicle body. 8. (canceled) 9. The vehicle system according to claim 7,
wherein a first sensor configured to detect the inclination state of the vehicle body is provided in the road surface drawing lamp. 10. The vehicle system according to claim 7,
wherein a second sensor configured to detect environmental information around the vehicle is provided in the road surface drawing lamp. 11. The vehicle system according to claim 10,
wherein the environmental information includes an obstacle around the vehicle, and wherein, when the obstacle is detected by the second sensor, the control unit is configured to control the road surface drawing lamp to form an additional drawing pattern added to the road surface drawing pattern, based on at least one of position information of the vehicle, position information of the obstacle and information on a relative positional relationship with respect to the obstacle. 12. (canceled) 13. A vehicle lamp provided in a vehicle capable of traveling around a corner by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle lamp comprising
a road surface drawing lamp configured to form a road surface drawing pattern on a road surface around the vehicle; a detection unit configured to detect an object around the vehicle; and an illumination control unit configured to control the road surface drawing lamp, wherein the illumination control unit is configured to control the road surface drawing lamp so as to form the road surface drawing pattern based on first detection information of the object acquired from the detection unit. 14. The vehicle lamp according to claim 13,
wherein the road surface drawing lamp is configured to form the road surface drawing pattern on a road surface behind the vehicle. 15. The vehicle lamp according to claim 14,
wherein the object includes a following vehicle behind the vehicle, and wherein the first detection information includes a case where an inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle and the following vehicle is equal to or smaller than a certain distance. 16. The vehicle lamp according to claim 15,
wherein the road surface drawing pattern includes information on the inter-vehicle distance. 17. The vehicle lamp according to claim 15,
wherein the illumination control unit is configured to change a display mode of the road surface drawing pattern depending on the inter-vehicle distance. 18. The vehicle lamp according to claim 13,
wherein the illumination control unit is configured to acquire second detection information different from the first detection information. 19. The vehicle lamp according to claim 18,
wherein the second detection information includes at least one of information on a vehicle speed of the vehicle, information on a change state of the vehicle speed and information on weather. 20. The vehicle lamp according to claim 13,
wherein the illumination control unit has a first mode in which the road surface drawing pattern is formed depending on the first detection information, and a second mode in which the road surface drawing pattern is formed depending on an input instruction of a driver of the vehicle. | A vehicle illumination system provided in a vehicle capable of traveling around a corner by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction includes: a headlamp mounted on a front portion of the vehicle; a communication lamp disposed on the vehicle body in a region adjacent to the head tamp so as to be visible from ahead of the vehicle; and an illumination control unit configured to change a lighting mode of the communication lamp depending on a state of the vehicle.1. A vehicle illumination system provided in a vehicle capable of traveling around a comer by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle illumination system comprising:
a headlamp mounted on a front portion of the vehicle; a communication lamp disposed on the vehicle body in a region adjacent to the head lamp so as to be visible from ahead of the vehicle; and an illumination control unit configured to change a lighting mode of the communication lamp depending on a state of the vehicle. 2. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 1,
wherein the illumination control unit is configured to change the lighting mode of the communication lamp depending on a lighting mode of the headlamp. 3. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 1,
wherein the communication lamp includes a plurality of light emitting segments, and wherein the illumination control unit is configured to change a lighting mode of each of the plurality of light emitting segments. 4. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 3,
wherein each of the plurality of light emitting segments includes a light source and a cover member configured to cover the light source and to transmit light from the light source, and wherein when the light source is not lit, the cover member is configured to be visible in a color that is the same as or similar to a color of the region in which the communication lamp of the vehicle body is disposed. 5. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a road surface drawing lamp capable of forming a road surface drawing pattern on a road surface, wherein a light emission pattern of the communication lamp is associated with the road surface drawing pattern. 6. The vehicle illumination system according to claim 5,
wherein a light emission timing of the light emission pattern coincides with a light emission timing of the road surface drawing pattern. 7. A vehicle system comprising:
a road surface drawing lamp mounted on a vehicle capable of traveling around a corner by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction; and a control unit configured to adjust a shape of a road surface drawing pattern formed on a road surface by the road surface drawing lamp, wherein the control unit is configured to maintain the shape of the road surface drawing pattern regardless of an inclination state of the vehicle body. 8. (canceled) 9. The vehicle system according to claim 7,
wherein a first sensor configured to detect the inclination state of the vehicle body is provided in the road surface drawing lamp. 10. The vehicle system according to claim 7,
wherein a second sensor configured to detect environmental information around the vehicle is provided in the road surface drawing lamp. 11. The vehicle system according to claim 10,
wherein the environmental information includes an obstacle around the vehicle, and wherein, when the obstacle is detected by the second sensor, the control unit is configured to control the road surface drawing lamp to form an additional drawing pattern added to the road surface drawing pattern, based on at least one of position information of the vehicle, position information of the obstacle and information on a relative positional relationship with respect to the obstacle. 12. (canceled) 13. A vehicle lamp provided in a vehicle capable of traveling around a corner by inclining a vehicle body toward a turning direction, the vehicle lamp comprising
a road surface drawing lamp configured to form a road surface drawing pattern on a road surface around the vehicle; a detection unit configured to detect an object around the vehicle; and an illumination control unit configured to control the road surface drawing lamp, wherein the illumination control unit is configured to control the road surface drawing lamp so as to form the road surface drawing pattern based on first detection information of the object acquired from the detection unit. 14. The vehicle lamp according to claim 13,
wherein the road surface drawing lamp is configured to form the road surface drawing pattern on a road surface behind the vehicle. 15. The vehicle lamp according to claim 14,
wherein the object includes a following vehicle behind the vehicle, and wherein the first detection information includes a case where an inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle and the following vehicle is equal to or smaller than a certain distance. 16. The vehicle lamp according to claim 15,
wherein the road surface drawing pattern includes information on the inter-vehicle distance. 17. The vehicle lamp according to claim 15,
wherein the illumination control unit is configured to change a display mode of the road surface drawing pattern depending on the inter-vehicle distance. 18. The vehicle lamp according to claim 13,
wherein the illumination control unit is configured to acquire second detection information different from the first detection information. 19. The vehicle lamp according to claim 18,
wherein the second detection information includes at least one of information on a vehicle speed of the vehicle, information on a change state of the vehicle speed and information on weather. 20. The vehicle lamp according to claim 13,
wherein the illumination control unit has a first mode in which the road surface drawing pattern is formed depending on the first detection information, and a second mode in which the road surface drawing pattern is formed depending on an input instruction of a driver of the vehicle. | 1,700 |
343,035 | 16,642,760 | 1,772 | A method for operating a network entity (BS) for a cellular radio communications network (4) is provided, the method comprising: receiving first multicast/broadcast traffic data; buffering the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmitting the first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel (DMCH); receiving a retransmission request via an uplink channel (UFCH); determining second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the buffered first multicast data and in dependence on the received retransmission request; and transmitting the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel (DRCH). | 1. A method for operating a network entity for a cellular radio communications network, the method comprising:
receiving first multicast/broadcast traffic data; buffering the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmitting the first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; receiving a retransmission request via an uplink channel, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; determining second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the buffered first multicast data and in dependence on the received retransmission request; and transmitting the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the retransmission request comprises a sequence information indicating the second multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the method further comprises:
mapping the sequence information to the second multicast/broadcast traffic data in the buffered first multicast/broadcast traffic data. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission of the first multicast/broadcast traffic data comprises:
transmitting a data unit comprising payload and a sequence information indicating the data unit. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data is conducted if:
a content expiration deadline of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has not expired, and/or the quality of the second downlink channel is above a threshold, and/or the capacity of the second downlink channel to the respective user equipment is above a threshold, and/or a relevance indication of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data is above a threshold. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second downlink channel is a unicast channel. 6. A network entity for operating a cellular radio communications network, wherein the network entity comprises at least a processor, a memory, and at least one communication module, wherein the network entity is configured to:
receive first multicast/broadcast traffic data; buffer the first multicast traffic; transmit the first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; receive a retransmission request via an uplink channel, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; determine second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the buffered first multicast data and in dependence on the received retransmission request; and transmit the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 7. A method to operate a user equipment of a cellular radio communications network, the method comprising:
receiving first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; determining an absence of second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the received first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmitting a retransmission request via an uplink channel in dependence on the determination of the absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; and receiving the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a sequence information in dependence on the received first multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the retransmission request comprises the sequence information indicating the second multicast/broadcast traffic data. 9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
determining whether the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has been received; receiving and buffering further first multicast/broadcast traffic data if the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has not been received; providing the buffer including the first and second multicast/broadcast traffic data when the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has been received. 10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
starting a timer with a time duration when the absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data is determined; determining whether the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has been received; receiving and buffering further first multicast/broadcast traffic data if the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has not been received; providing the buffer comprising the first but not the second multicast/broadcast traffic data when the time duration of the timer has elapsed. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determination of absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data comprises:
determining a first sequence number when receiving a first data unit of the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; determining an expected sequence number for a second data unit to be received in dependence on the first sequence number; determining a second sequence number when receiving the second data unit of the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; and determining the absence of second multicast/broadcast traffic data if the second sequence number unequals the expected sequence number. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determination of absence comprises that the second traffic data was not received or that the second traffic data was received corrupted. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second downlink channel is a unicast channel. 14. A user equipment of a cellular radio communications network, wherein the user equipment comprises at least a processor, a memory, and at least one communication module, wherein the user equipment is configured to:
receive first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; determine an absence of second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the received first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmit a retransmission request via an uplink channel in dependence on the determination of the absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; and receive the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 15. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
buffering and merging of retransmitted content is done on application layer. | A method for operating a network entity (BS) for a cellular radio communications network (4) is provided, the method comprising: receiving first multicast/broadcast traffic data; buffering the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmitting the first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel (DMCH); receiving a retransmission request via an uplink channel (UFCH); determining second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the buffered first multicast data and in dependence on the received retransmission request; and transmitting the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel (DRCH).1. A method for operating a network entity for a cellular radio communications network, the method comprising:
receiving first multicast/broadcast traffic data; buffering the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmitting the first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; receiving a retransmission request via an uplink channel, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; determining second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the buffered first multicast data and in dependence on the received retransmission request; and transmitting the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the retransmission request comprises a sequence information indicating the second multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the method further comprises:
mapping the sequence information to the second multicast/broadcast traffic data in the buffered first multicast/broadcast traffic data. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission of the first multicast/broadcast traffic data comprises:
transmitting a data unit comprising payload and a sequence information indicating the data unit. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data is conducted if:
a content expiration deadline of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has not expired, and/or the quality of the second downlink channel is above a threshold, and/or the capacity of the second downlink channel to the respective user equipment is above a threshold, and/or a relevance indication of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data is above a threshold. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second downlink channel is a unicast channel. 6. A network entity for operating a cellular radio communications network, wherein the network entity comprises at least a processor, a memory, and at least one communication module, wherein the network entity is configured to:
receive first multicast/broadcast traffic data; buffer the first multicast traffic; transmit the first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; receive a retransmission request via an uplink channel, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; determine second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the buffered first multicast data and in dependence on the received retransmission request; and transmit the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 7. A method to operate a user equipment of a cellular radio communications network, the method comprising:
receiving first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; determining an absence of second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the received first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmitting a retransmission request via an uplink channel in dependence on the determination of the absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; and receiving the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a sequence information in dependence on the received first multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the retransmission request comprises the sequence information indicating the second multicast/broadcast traffic data. 9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
determining whether the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has been received; receiving and buffering further first multicast/broadcast traffic data if the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has not been received; providing the buffer including the first and second multicast/broadcast traffic data when the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has been received. 10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
starting a timer with a time duration when the absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data is determined; determining whether the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has been received; receiving and buffering further first multicast/broadcast traffic data if the second multicast/broadcast traffic data has not been received; providing the buffer comprising the first but not the second multicast/broadcast traffic data when the time duration of the timer has elapsed. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determination of absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data comprises:
determining a first sequence number when receiving a first data unit of the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; determining an expected sequence number for a second data unit to be received in dependence on the first sequence number; determining a second sequence number when receiving the second data unit of the first multicast/broadcast traffic data; and determining the absence of second multicast/broadcast traffic data if the second sequence number unequals the expected sequence number. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determination of absence comprises that the second traffic data was not received or that the second traffic data was received corrupted. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second downlink channel is a unicast channel. 14. A user equipment of a cellular radio communications network, wherein the user equipment comprises at least a processor, a memory, and at least one communication module, wherein the user equipment is configured to:
receive first multicast/broadcast traffic data via a first downlink channel; determine an absence of second multicast/broadcast traffic data in dependence on the received first multicast/broadcast traffic data; transmit a retransmission request via an uplink channel in dependence on the determination of the absence of the second multicast/broadcast traffic data, wherein the uplink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer; and receive the second multicast/broadcast traffic data via a second downlink channel, wherein the second downlink channel is realized as a dedicated radio bearer. 15. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
buffering and merging of retransmitted content is done on application layer. | 1,700 |
343,036 | 16,642,782 | 1,772 | An objective is to enable conversion of a key sharing scheme having asymmetricity into a key sharing scheme with an authentication function. In a key sharing device, a key selection unit selects, out of two static keys of different classifications, one static key being different from a static key of a key-sharing counterpart. A temporary key generation unit generates a temporary key of the same classification as the static key selected by the key selection unit. A shared key generation unit generates a shared key using the static key selected by the key selection unit and a temporary key generated by the counterpart. | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. A key sharing device comprising:
processing circuitry to select a static key out of two static keys of different classifications according to whether or not the key sharing device is on a start side that starts key sharing, the two static keys including a pair of a public key A1 and a secret key a1, and a pair of a public key A2 and a secret key a2, the public key A1, the secret key a1, the public key A2, and the secret key a2 being indicated in Formula 1, the static key to be selected being of a classification different from that of a static key selected by a counterpart, to generate a temporary key which is of the same classification as that of the selected static key and which is indicated in Formula 2, and to generate a shared key to be shared with the counterpart, using the selected static key and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.
a 1:=(m A,1 ,n A,1)∈RSK1:={(m 1 ,n 1)∈(/L 1 e 1 )2},
a 2:=(m A,2 ,n A,2)∈RSK2:={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2},
A 1 =g a 1 ,
A 2 =g a 2 ,
g:=(E;P 1 ,Q 1 ,P 2 ,Q 2), [Formula 1]
SSECp:={supersingular ellitic curve E over p 2
with E( p 2 )≃(/(p±1))2⊇(/L 1 e 1 )2⊕(/L 2 e 2 )2},
SSECp,1:={(E;P 2 ′,Q 2′)|E∈SSECp,(P 2 ′,Q 2′): basis of E[L 2 e 2 ]},
SSECp,2:={(E;P 1 ′,Q 1′)E∈SSECp,(P 1 ′,Q 1′): basis of E[L 1 e 1 ]},
g a 1 :(E 1;ϕ1(P 2),ϕ1(Q 2))∈SSECp,1,
where R 1 =m 1 P 1 +n 1 Q 1,ϕ1 : E→E 1 =E/<R 1>,
g a 2 :=(E 2;ϕ2(P 1),ϕ2(Q 1))∈SSECp,2,
where R 2 =m 2 P 2 +n 2 Q 2,ϕ2 : E→E 2 =E/<R 2>,
p±1=f·L 1 e 1 L 2 e 2 ,
L1 and L2 are small primes,
L 1 e 1 ≈L 2 e 2
X=g x,
x:=(m x ,n x)∈RSK1. [Formula 2] 11. The key sharing device according to claim 10,
wherein the processing circuitry generates the shared key using a temporary key Y indicated in Formula 3, based on a value Z1, a value Z2, a value Z3, and a value Z4 which are indicated in Formula 4.
Y=g y,
y:=(m y ,n y)∈RSK2 [Formula 3]
Z 1 =Y a 1 ,
Z 2 =B 2 x,
Z 3 =B 2 a 1 ,
Z 1 =Y x,
B 2 =g b 2 ,
b 2:=(m B,2 ,n B,2)∈RSK2={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2} [Formula 4] 12. A key sharing method comprising:
selecting a static key out of two static keys of different classifications according to whether or not the key sharing method is on a start side that starts key sharing, the two static keys including a pair of a public key A1 and a secret key a1, and a pair of a public key A2 and a secret key a2, the public key A, the secret key a1, the public key A2, and the secret key a2 being indicated in Formula 5, the static key to be selected being of a classification different from that of a static key selected by a counterpart; generating a temporary key which is of the same classification as that of the selected static key and which is indicated in Formula 6; and generating a shared key to be shared with the counterpart, using the selected static key and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.
a 1:=(m A,1 ,n A,1)∈RSK1:={(m 1 ,n 1)∈(/L 1 e 1 )2},
a 2:=(m A,2 ,n A,2)∈RSK2:={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2},
A 1 =g a 1 ,
A 2 =g a 2 ,
g:=(E;P 1 ,Q 1 ,P 2 ,Q 2), [Formula 5]
SSECp:={supersingular ellitic curve E over p 2
with E( p 2 )≃(/(p±1))2⊇(/L 1 e 1 )2⊕(/L 2 e 2 )2},
SSECp,1:={(E;P 2 ′,Q 2′)|E∈SSECp,(P 2 ′,Q 2′): basis of E[L 2 e 2 ]},
SSECp,2:={(E;P 1 ′,Q 1′)E∈SSECp,(P 1 ′,Q 1′): basis of E[L 1 e 1 ]},
g a 1 :(E 1;ϕ1(P 2),ϕ1(Q 2))∈SSECp,1,
where R 1 =m 1 P 1 +n 1 Q 1,ϕ1 : E→E 1 =E/ R 1 ,
g a 2 :=(E 2;ϕ2(P 1),ϕ2(Q 1))∈SSECp,2,
where R 2 =m 2 P 2 +n 2 Q 2,ϕ2 : E→E 2 =E/ R 2 ,
p±1=f·L 1 e 1 L 2 e 2 ,
L1 and L2 are small primes,
L 1 e 1 ≈L 2 e 2
X=g x,
x:=(m x ,n x)∈RSK1. [Formula 6] 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a key sharing program which causes a computer to execute:
a key selection process of selecting a static key out of two static keys of different classifications according to whether or not the key sharing program is on a start side that starts key sharing, the two static keys including a pair of a public key A1 and a secret key a1, and a pair of a public key A2 and a secret key a2, the public key A, the secret key a1, the public key A2, and the secret key a2 being indicated in Formula 7, the static key to be selected being of a classification different from that of a static key selected by a counterpart; a temporary key generation process of generating a temporary key which is of the same classification as that of the static key selected by the key selection process and which is indicated in Formula 8; and a shared key generation process of generating a shared key to be shared with the counterpart, using the static key selected by the key selection process and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.
a 1:=(m A,1 ,n A,1)∈RSK1:={(m 1 ,n 1)∈(/L 1 e 1 )2},
a 2:=(m A,2 ,n A,2)∈RSK2:={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2},
A 1 =g a 1 ,
A 2 =g a 2 ,
g:=(E;P 1 ,Q 1 ,P 2 ,Q 2), [Formula 7]
SSECp:={supersingular ellitic curve E over p 2
with E( p 2 )≃(/(p±1))2⊇(/L 1 e 1 )2⊕(/L 2 e 2 )2},
SSECp,1:={(E;P 2 ′,Q 2′)|E∈SSECp,(P 2 ′,Q 2′): basis of E[L 2 e 2 ]},
SSECp,2:={(E;P 1 ′,Q 1′)E∈SSECp,(P 1 ′,Q 1′): basis of E[L 1 e 1 ]},
g a 1 :(E 1;ϕ1(P 2),ϕ1(Q 2))∈SSECp,1,
where R 1 =m 1 P 1 +n 1 Q 1,ϕ1 : E→E 1 =E/ R 1 ,
g a 2 :=(E 2;ϕ2(P 1),ϕ2(Q 1))∈SSECp,2,
where R 2 =m 2 P 2 +n 2 Q 2,ϕ2 : E→E 2 =E/ R 2 ,
p±1=f·L 1 e 1 L 2 e 2 ,
L1 and L2 are small primes,
L 1 e 1 ≈L 2 e 2
X=g x,
x:=(m x ,n x)∈RSK1. [Formula 8] | An objective is to enable conversion of a key sharing scheme having asymmetricity into a key sharing scheme with an authentication function. In a key sharing device, a key selection unit selects, out of two static keys of different classifications, one static key being different from a static key of a key-sharing counterpart. A temporary key generation unit generates a temporary key of the same classification as the static key selected by the key selection unit. A shared key generation unit generates a shared key using the static key selected by the key selection unit and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.1.-9. (canceled) 10. A key sharing device comprising:
processing circuitry to select a static key out of two static keys of different classifications according to whether or not the key sharing device is on a start side that starts key sharing, the two static keys including a pair of a public key A1 and a secret key a1, and a pair of a public key A2 and a secret key a2, the public key A1, the secret key a1, the public key A2, and the secret key a2 being indicated in Formula 1, the static key to be selected being of a classification different from that of a static key selected by a counterpart, to generate a temporary key which is of the same classification as that of the selected static key and which is indicated in Formula 2, and to generate a shared key to be shared with the counterpart, using the selected static key and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.
a 1:=(m A,1 ,n A,1)∈RSK1:={(m 1 ,n 1)∈(/L 1 e 1 )2},
a 2:=(m A,2 ,n A,2)∈RSK2:={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2},
A 1 =g a 1 ,
A 2 =g a 2 ,
g:=(E;P 1 ,Q 1 ,P 2 ,Q 2), [Formula 1]
SSECp:={supersingular ellitic curve E over p 2
with E( p 2 )≃(/(p±1))2⊇(/L 1 e 1 )2⊕(/L 2 e 2 )2},
SSECp,1:={(E;P 2 ′,Q 2′)|E∈SSECp,(P 2 ′,Q 2′): basis of E[L 2 e 2 ]},
SSECp,2:={(E;P 1 ′,Q 1′)E∈SSECp,(P 1 ′,Q 1′): basis of E[L 1 e 1 ]},
g a 1 :(E 1;ϕ1(P 2),ϕ1(Q 2))∈SSECp,1,
where R 1 =m 1 P 1 +n 1 Q 1,ϕ1 : E→E 1 =E/<R 1>,
g a 2 :=(E 2;ϕ2(P 1),ϕ2(Q 1))∈SSECp,2,
where R 2 =m 2 P 2 +n 2 Q 2,ϕ2 : E→E 2 =E/<R 2>,
p±1=f·L 1 e 1 L 2 e 2 ,
L1 and L2 are small primes,
L 1 e 1 ≈L 2 e 2
X=g x,
x:=(m x ,n x)∈RSK1. [Formula 2] 11. The key sharing device according to claim 10,
wherein the processing circuitry generates the shared key using a temporary key Y indicated in Formula 3, based on a value Z1, a value Z2, a value Z3, and a value Z4 which are indicated in Formula 4.
Y=g y,
y:=(m y ,n y)∈RSK2 [Formula 3]
Z 1 =Y a 1 ,
Z 2 =B 2 x,
Z 3 =B 2 a 1 ,
Z 1 =Y x,
B 2 =g b 2 ,
b 2:=(m B,2 ,n B,2)∈RSK2={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2} [Formula 4] 12. A key sharing method comprising:
selecting a static key out of two static keys of different classifications according to whether or not the key sharing method is on a start side that starts key sharing, the two static keys including a pair of a public key A1 and a secret key a1, and a pair of a public key A2 and a secret key a2, the public key A, the secret key a1, the public key A2, and the secret key a2 being indicated in Formula 5, the static key to be selected being of a classification different from that of a static key selected by a counterpart; generating a temporary key which is of the same classification as that of the selected static key and which is indicated in Formula 6; and generating a shared key to be shared with the counterpart, using the selected static key and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.
a 1:=(m A,1 ,n A,1)∈RSK1:={(m 1 ,n 1)∈(/L 1 e 1 )2},
a 2:=(m A,2 ,n A,2)∈RSK2:={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2},
A 1 =g a 1 ,
A 2 =g a 2 ,
g:=(E;P 1 ,Q 1 ,P 2 ,Q 2), [Formula 5]
SSECp:={supersingular ellitic curve E over p 2
with E( p 2 )≃(/(p±1))2⊇(/L 1 e 1 )2⊕(/L 2 e 2 )2},
SSECp,1:={(E;P 2 ′,Q 2′)|E∈SSECp,(P 2 ′,Q 2′): basis of E[L 2 e 2 ]},
SSECp,2:={(E;P 1 ′,Q 1′)E∈SSECp,(P 1 ′,Q 1′): basis of E[L 1 e 1 ]},
g a 1 :(E 1;ϕ1(P 2),ϕ1(Q 2))∈SSECp,1,
where R 1 =m 1 P 1 +n 1 Q 1,ϕ1 : E→E 1 =E/ R 1 ,
g a 2 :=(E 2;ϕ2(P 1),ϕ2(Q 1))∈SSECp,2,
where R 2 =m 2 P 2 +n 2 Q 2,ϕ2 : E→E 2 =E/ R 2 ,
p±1=f·L 1 e 1 L 2 e 2 ,
L1 and L2 are small primes,
L 1 e 1 ≈L 2 e 2
X=g x,
x:=(m x ,n x)∈RSK1. [Formula 6] 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a key sharing program which causes a computer to execute:
a key selection process of selecting a static key out of two static keys of different classifications according to whether or not the key sharing program is on a start side that starts key sharing, the two static keys including a pair of a public key A1 and a secret key a1, and a pair of a public key A2 and a secret key a2, the public key A, the secret key a1, the public key A2, and the secret key a2 being indicated in Formula 7, the static key to be selected being of a classification different from that of a static key selected by a counterpart; a temporary key generation process of generating a temporary key which is of the same classification as that of the static key selected by the key selection process and which is indicated in Formula 8; and a shared key generation process of generating a shared key to be shared with the counterpart, using the static key selected by the key selection process and a temporary key generated by the counterpart.
a 1:=(m A,1 ,n A,1)∈RSK1:={(m 1 ,n 1)∈(/L 1 e 1 )2},
a 2:=(m A,2 ,n A,2)∈RSK2:={(m 2 ,n 2)∈(/L 2 e 2 )2},
A 1 =g a 1 ,
A 2 =g a 2 ,
g:=(E;P 1 ,Q 1 ,P 2 ,Q 2), [Formula 7]
SSECp:={supersingular ellitic curve E over p 2
with E( p 2 )≃(/(p±1))2⊇(/L 1 e 1 )2⊕(/L 2 e 2 )2},
SSECp,1:={(E;P 2 ′,Q 2′)|E∈SSECp,(P 2 ′,Q 2′): basis of E[L 2 e 2 ]},
SSECp,2:={(E;P 1 ′,Q 1′)E∈SSECp,(P 1 ′,Q 1′): basis of E[L 1 e 1 ]},
g a 1 :(E 1;ϕ1(P 2),ϕ1(Q 2))∈SSECp,1,
where R 1 =m 1 P 1 +n 1 Q 1,ϕ1 : E→E 1 =E/ R 1 ,
g a 2 :=(E 2;ϕ2(P 1),ϕ2(Q 1))∈SSECp,2,
where R 2 =m 2 P 2 +n 2 Q 2,ϕ2 : E→E 2 =E/ R 2 ,
p±1=f·L 1 e 1 L 2 e 2 ,
L1 and L2 are small primes,
L 1 e 1 ≈L 2 e 2
X=g x,
x:=(m x ,n x)∈RSK1. [Formula 8] | 1,700 |
343,037 | 16,642,798 | 1,772 | Methods and systems for detecting undesirable electrocautery arcing events during an electrocautery surgical procedure may include introducing an electrosurgical treatment instrument to a surgical site to perform an electrocautery surgical procedure. A healthcare provider may view the surgical site with a surgical camera assembly having a surgical field-of-view. The healthcare provider also may view a portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with an electrocautery arc detection system including an arc detection camera having an arc detection field-of-view different than the surgical field-of-view obtained by the surgical camera. The electrocautery arc detection system may identify thermal infrared emission or tissue color changes as indicators of undesirable electrocautery arcing. Some implementations alert a healthcare provider of undesirable electrocautery arcing. | 1. A method of detecting an arc during in an electrocautery surgical procedure comprising:
viewing an electrosurgical treatment instrument having an electrocautery distal tip and a surgical site with a surgical camera having a surgical field-of-view including the surgical site; and viewing a portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with an electrocautery arc detection system for detecting thermal infrared emission or tissue color changes, the electrocautery arc detection system including an arc detection camera having an arc detection field-of-view different than the surgical field-of-view obtained by the surgical camera. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein viewing a portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with the electrocautery arc detection system comprises viewing the shaft portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with the arc detection camera. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the arc detection field-of-view of the arc detection camera is more expansive than the field-of-view of the surgical camera assembly. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising filtering imagery with the electrocautery arc detection system to filter out light having a wavelength not matching light in an electrocautery range. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein filtering imagery comprises filtering out wavelengths of bands of light emitted by a surgical light source. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising introducing a cannula to a patient with the arc detection camera disposed therein; and inserting the electrosurgical treatment instrument through the cannula. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising introducing both the electrosurgical treatment instrument and the surgical camera through an access cannula. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising introducing the arc detection camera to the surgical site from a location that places the surgical camera in the arc detection field-of-view of the arc detection camera. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the arc detection camera is an infrared thermal imaging camera. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising detecting increases in tissue temperatures with the infrared thermal imaging camera. 11. The method of claim 1, comprising identifying changes in color of a video stream to identify when an arcing event occurs. 12. A method of detecting an arc during in an electrocautery surgical procedure comprising:
introducing an electrosurgical treatment instrument to a surgical site, the electrosurgical treatment instrument having an electrocautery tip configured to perform a surgical procedure and a shaft portion supporting the electrocautery tip; displaying a surgical video stream from a surgical camera assembly having a first field-of-view of the surgical site, the surgical video stream including an image of the electrocautery tip; and monitoring an arc detecting video stream from an arc detection camera having a second field-of-view larger than the first field-of-view, the arc detection camera being disposed to view portions of the electrosurgical treatment instrument not visible in the first field-of-view. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the arc detecting video stream includes filtering the arc detecting video stream to block light wavelengths emitted from a surgical light source. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the arc detecting video stream includes automatically detecting an arcing event in the second field-of-view with the arc detecting camera. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein automatically detecting an electrocautery arc in the second field-of-view includes detecting a color change in tissue at the surgical site. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein automatically detecting an electrocautery arc in the second field-of-view includes detecting a flash of light. 17. A system for detecting an arc during an electrocautery surgical procedure at a surgical site comprising:
an electrosurgical treatment instrument having a working tip configured to perform a surgical procedure; a surgical camera having a field-of-view of the surgical site; and an arc detecting camera having a field-of-view different than the field-of-view of the surgical camera. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the arc detection camera comprises sensors and optics suited for visualizing thermal infrared emissions. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the arc detection camera comprises HgCdTe-based photosensors and ZnSe optics for visualizing thermal infrared emissions. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the arc detection camera comprises image filtering functionality that filters light emitted from a surgical light source. 21-23. (canceled) | Methods and systems for detecting undesirable electrocautery arcing events during an electrocautery surgical procedure may include introducing an electrosurgical treatment instrument to a surgical site to perform an electrocautery surgical procedure. A healthcare provider may view the surgical site with a surgical camera assembly having a surgical field-of-view. The healthcare provider also may view a portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with an electrocautery arc detection system including an arc detection camera having an arc detection field-of-view different than the surgical field-of-view obtained by the surgical camera. The electrocautery arc detection system may identify thermal infrared emission or tissue color changes as indicators of undesirable electrocautery arcing. Some implementations alert a healthcare provider of undesirable electrocautery arcing.1. A method of detecting an arc during in an electrocautery surgical procedure comprising:
viewing an electrosurgical treatment instrument having an electrocautery distal tip and a surgical site with a surgical camera having a surgical field-of-view including the surgical site; and viewing a portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with an electrocautery arc detection system for detecting thermal infrared emission or tissue color changes, the electrocautery arc detection system including an arc detection camera having an arc detection field-of-view different than the surgical field-of-view obtained by the surgical camera. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein viewing a portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with the electrocautery arc detection system comprises viewing the shaft portion of the electrosurgical treatment instrument with the arc detection camera. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the arc detection field-of-view of the arc detection camera is more expansive than the field-of-view of the surgical camera assembly. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising filtering imagery with the electrocautery arc detection system to filter out light having a wavelength not matching light in an electrocautery range. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein filtering imagery comprises filtering out wavelengths of bands of light emitted by a surgical light source. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising introducing a cannula to a patient with the arc detection camera disposed therein; and inserting the electrosurgical treatment instrument through the cannula. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising introducing both the electrosurgical treatment instrument and the surgical camera through an access cannula. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising introducing the arc detection camera to the surgical site from a location that places the surgical camera in the arc detection field-of-view of the arc detection camera. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the arc detection camera is an infrared thermal imaging camera. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising detecting increases in tissue temperatures with the infrared thermal imaging camera. 11. The method of claim 1, comprising identifying changes in color of a video stream to identify when an arcing event occurs. 12. A method of detecting an arc during in an electrocautery surgical procedure comprising:
introducing an electrosurgical treatment instrument to a surgical site, the electrosurgical treatment instrument having an electrocautery tip configured to perform a surgical procedure and a shaft portion supporting the electrocautery tip; displaying a surgical video stream from a surgical camera assembly having a first field-of-view of the surgical site, the surgical video stream including an image of the electrocautery tip; and monitoring an arc detecting video stream from an arc detection camera having a second field-of-view larger than the first field-of-view, the arc detection camera being disposed to view portions of the electrosurgical treatment instrument not visible in the first field-of-view. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the arc detecting video stream includes filtering the arc detecting video stream to block light wavelengths emitted from a surgical light source. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the arc detecting video stream includes automatically detecting an arcing event in the second field-of-view with the arc detecting camera. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein automatically detecting an electrocautery arc in the second field-of-view includes detecting a color change in tissue at the surgical site. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein automatically detecting an electrocautery arc in the second field-of-view includes detecting a flash of light. 17. A system for detecting an arc during an electrocautery surgical procedure at a surgical site comprising:
an electrosurgical treatment instrument having a working tip configured to perform a surgical procedure; a surgical camera having a field-of-view of the surgical site; and an arc detecting camera having a field-of-view different than the field-of-view of the surgical camera. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the arc detection camera comprises sensors and optics suited for visualizing thermal infrared emissions. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the arc detection camera comprises HgCdTe-based photosensors and ZnSe optics for visualizing thermal infrared emissions. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the arc detection camera comprises image filtering functionality that filters light emitted from a surgical light source. 21-23. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,038 | 16,642,785 | 1,772 | The device contains a regulator and an actuator connected electrically to the regulator at the input side and that can be connected electrically to the electric motor at the output side. An input point is interconnected electrically between the regulator and actuator at which an electric detection signal can be input A first return unit connected in parallel to the regulator and the actuator returns a first return signal to the regulator representing a version of an output signal of the actuator transformed and processed by the first return unit. A second return unit returns a second return signal to the first return unit and/or the actuator and represents a version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit and processed by the second return unit. The second return signal represents an angle between the rotor and the stator in the electric machine. | 1. A device for controlling the operation of an electric machine, wherein the electric machine contains a rotor and a stator, wherein the device comprises:
a regulator; an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to be electrically connected at an input side to the regulator and is configured to be connected electrically to the electric machine at an output side; an input point, wherein the input point is electrically interconnected between the regulator and the actuator, wherein an electric detection signal can be input at the input point; a first return unit for returning a first return signal to the regulator, wherein the first return unit is connected in parallel to the regulator and the actuator, wherein the first return signal represents a version of an output signal of the actuator transformed and processed by the first return unit; and a second return unit for returning at least one second return signal to at least one of the first return unit or the actuator, wherein the second return unit is connected in parallel to the first return unit, wherein the second return signal represents a version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit and processed by the second return unit, wherein the first return signal represents an angle between the rotor and the stator in the electric machine. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second return unit contains a demodulation device and a model surveillance device, wherein the demodulation device is configured to demodulate the version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit, and wherein the model surveillance device is configured to generate at least the second return signal based on an output signal of the demodulate device. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the demodulation device contains a bandpass filter centered on an input frequency of the detection signal for filtering the version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit, a sign function unit connected to the bandpass filter for signal transmission, a multiplication unit connected to the bandpass filter and the sign function unit for signal transmission, and a correction unit connected to the multiplication unit for signal transmission in order to use a correction factor based on the detection signal, wherein the demodulation device also, contains a lowpass filter connected to the correction unit for signal transmission. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the model surveillance device contains a model regulator, a delay element and an output element, wherein the output element contains a phase control loop or a mechanical monitor. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second return unit is configured to return a third return signal to at least one of a reference signal generating unit upstream of the regulator to generate a reference signal for the regulator or a speed control unit upstream of the regulator, wherein the third return signal represents an angular speed of the rotor in relation to the stator in the electric machine. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first return unit contains a first signal transformer for transforming a coordinate system relating to phases (abc) of the electric machine into a stator coordinate system (αβ), a second signal transformer connected to the first signal transformer for signal transmission for transforming a stator coordinate system (αβ) into a rotor coordinate system (dq), a signal reconstruction device connected to the second signal transformer for signal transmission for reconstructing the output signal of the actuator, a third signal transformer connected to the signal reconstruction device for transforming a rotor coordinate system (dq) into a stator coordinate system (αβ), and a fourth signal transformer connected to the first signal transformer and the third signal transformer for signal transmission for transforming a stator coordinate system (αβ) into a rotor coordinate system (dq). 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the signal reconstruction unit is configured to subtract a version of the output signal of the actuator reconstructed by means of the signal reconstruction unit from a measured version of the output signal of the actuator. 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the signal reconstruction device is configured to reconstruct the output signal of the actuator based on an input frequency of the detection signal and a matrix stored in the form of a reference table. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuator contains a series circuit that contains a signal transformer for transforming a rotor coordinate system (dq) into a stator coordinate system (αβ), a pulse width modulation device and a converter for providing the output signal of the actuator unit, wherein the second return signal can be received by the signal transformer. 10. A method for controlling the operation of an electric machine, wherein the electric machine contains a rotor and a stator, wherein the method comprises:
inputting an electric detection signal at an input point that is electrically interconnected between a regulator and an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to be connected electrically to the regulator at an input side, and is configured to be connected electrically to the electric machine at an output side; and processing an output signal of the actuator using a first return unit and a second return unit, wherein the first return unit is connected in parallel to the regulator and the actuator, wherein the second return unit is connected in parallel to the first return unit in order return a first return signal from the first return unit to the regulator, wherein the first return signal represents a version of an output signal of the actuator transformed and processed by the first return unit, and at least a second return signal from the second return unit to at least one of the first return unit or the actuator, wherein the second return signal represents a version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit and processed by the second return unit, wherein the second return signal represents an angle between the rotor and the stator in the electric machine. 11. A non-transitory machine readable storage medium having stored therreon a computer program that, when executed by at least one processing device, is configured to cause the at least one processing device to perform the method according to claim 10. 12. (canceled) | The device contains a regulator and an actuator connected electrically to the regulator at the input side and that can be connected electrically to the electric motor at the output side. An input point is interconnected electrically between the regulator and actuator at which an electric detection signal can be input A first return unit connected in parallel to the regulator and the actuator returns a first return signal to the regulator representing a version of an output signal of the actuator transformed and processed by the first return unit. A second return unit returns a second return signal to the first return unit and/or the actuator and represents a version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit and processed by the second return unit. The second return signal represents an angle between the rotor and the stator in the electric machine.1. A device for controlling the operation of an electric machine, wherein the electric machine contains a rotor and a stator, wherein the device comprises:
a regulator; an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to be electrically connected at an input side to the regulator and is configured to be connected electrically to the electric machine at an output side; an input point, wherein the input point is electrically interconnected between the regulator and the actuator, wherein an electric detection signal can be input at the input point; a first return unit for returning a first return signal to the regulator, wherein the first return unit is connected in parallel to the regulator and the actuator, wherein the first return signal represents a version of an output signal of the actuator transformed and processed by the first return unit; and a second return unit for returning at least one second return signal to at least one of the first return unit or the actuator, wherein the second return unit is connected in parallel to the first return unit, wherein the second return signal represents a version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit and processed by the second return unit, wherein the first return signal represents an angle between the rotor and the stator in the electric machine. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second return unit contains a demodulation device and a model surveillance device, wherein the demodulation device is configured to demodulate the version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit, and wherein the model surveillance device is configured to generate at least the second return signal based on an output signal of the demodulate device. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the demodulation device contains a bandpass filter centered on an input frequency of the detection signal for filtering the version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit, a sign function unit connected to the bandpass filter for signal transmission, a multiplication unit connected to the bandpass filter and the sign function unit for signal transmission, and a correction unit connected to the multiplication unit for signal transmission in order to use a correction factor based on the detection signal, wherein the demodulation device also, contains a lowpass filter connected to the correction unit for signal transmission. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the model surveillance device contains a model regulator, a delay element and an output element, wherein the output element contains a phase control loop or a mechanical monitor. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second return unit is configured to return a third return signal to at least one of a reference signal generating unit upstream of the regulator to generate a reference signal for the regulator or a speed control unit upstream of the regulator, wherein the third return signal represents an angular speed of the rotor in relation to the stator in the electric machine. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first return unit contains a first signal transformer for transforming a coordinate system relating to phases (abc) of the electric machine into a stator coordinate system (αβ), a second signal transformer connected to the first signal transformer for signal transmission for transforming a stator coordinate system (αβ) into a rotor coordinate system (dq), a signal reconstruction device connected to the second signal transformer for signal transmission for reconstructing the output signal of the actuator, a third signal transformer connected to the signal reconstruction device for transforming a rotor coordinate system (dq) into a stator coordinate system (αβ), and a fourth signal transformer connected to the first signal transformer and the third signal transformer for signal transmission for transforming a stator coordinate system (αβ) into a rotor coordinate system (dq). 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the signal reconstruction unit is configured to subtract a version of the output signal of the actuator reconstructed by means of the signal reconstruction unit from a measured version of the output signal of the actuator. 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the signal reconstruction device is configured to reconstruct the output signal of the actuator based on an input frequency of the detection signal and a matrix stored in the form of a reference table. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuator contains a series circuit that contains a signal transformer for transforming a rotor coordinate system (dq) into a stator coordinate system (αβ), a pulse width modulation device and a converter for providing the output signal of the actuator unit, wherein the second return signal can be received by the signal transformer. 10. A method for controlling the operation of an electric machine, wherein the electric machine contains a rotor and a stator, wherein the method comprises:
inputting an electric detection signal at an input point that is electrically interconnected between a regulator and an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to be connected electrically to the regulator at an input side, and is configured to be connected electrically to the electric machine at an output side; and processing an output signal of the actuator using a first return unit and a second return unit, wherein the first return unit is connected in parallel to the regulator and the actuator, wherein the second return unit is connected in parallel to the first return unit in order return a first return signal from the first return unit to the regulator, wherein the first return signal represents a version of an output signal of the actuator transformed and processed by the first return unit, and at least a second return signal from the second return unit to at least one of the first return unit or the actuator, wherein the second return signal represents a version of the output signal of the actuator transformed by the first return unit and processed by the second return unit, wherein the second return signal represents an angle between the rotor and the stator in the electric machine. 11. A non-transitory machine readable storage medium having stored therreon a computer program that, when executed by at least one processing device, is configured to cause the at least one processing device to perform the method according to claim 10. 12. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,039 | 16,642,778 | 1,772 | Disclosed embodiments relate to executing a vector multiplication instruction. In one example, a processor includes fetch circuitry to fetch the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier, decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction, execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of corresponding pairs of fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded instruction to generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size, and generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. | 1. A processor comprising:
fetch circuitry to fetch a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decode circuitry to decode the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 2. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the execution circuitry is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 3. The processor of claim 1, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized one of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, having 16-bit elements. 4. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 5. The processor of claim 1, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 6. The processor of claim 3, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier identify the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 7. The processor of claim 3, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further comprises a vector size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized register. 8. The processor of claim 1, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the execution circuitry uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 9. A method comprising:
fetching, by fetch circuitry, a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decoding, by decode circuitry, the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and executing, by execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register, and further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising using, by the execution circuitry when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, a rounding control in a software-accessible control register to specify one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized register selected from a group consisting of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, the selected register having 16-bit elements. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 15-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor comprising:
means for fetching the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier;
means for decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and
means for executing the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the means for executing is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 24. The system of claim 21, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the means for executing uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further identifies a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 26. The method of claim 9, further comprising, after decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction, retrieving data associated with the identified first and second sources, and scheduling execution of the decoded vector multiplication instruction. | Disclosed embodiments relate to executing a vector multiplication instruction. In one example, a processor includes fetch circuitry to fetch the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier, decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction, execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of corresponding pairs of fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded instruction to generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size, and generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination.1. A processor comprising:
fetch circuitry to fetch a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decode circuitry to decode the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 2. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the execution circuitry is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 3. The processor of claim 1, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized one of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, having 16-bit elements. 4. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 5. The processor of claim 1, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 6. The processor of claim 3, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier identify the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 7. The processor of claim 3, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further comprises a vector size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized register. 8. The processor of claim 1, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the execution circuitry uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 9. A method comprising:
fetching, by fetch circuitry, a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decoding, by decode circuitry, the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and executing, by execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register, and further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising using, by the execution circuitry when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, a rounding control in a software-accessible control register to specify one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized register selected from a group consisting of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, the selected register having 16-bit elements. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 15-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor comprising:
means for fetching the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier;
means for decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and
means for executing the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate an unsigned fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the means for executing is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 24. The system of claim 21, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the means for executing uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further identifies a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 26. The method of claim 9, further comprising, after decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction, retrieving data associated with the identified first and second sources, and scheduling execution of the decoded vector multiplication instruction. | 1,700 |
343,040 | 16,642,766 | 1,772 | Disclosed embodiments relate to executing a vector multiplication instruction. In one example, a processor includes fetch circuitry to fetch the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier, decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction, execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of corresponding pairs of fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded instruction to generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size, and generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. | 1. A processor comprising:
fetch circuitry to fetch a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decode circuitry to decode the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 2. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the execution circuitry is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 3. The processor of claim 1, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized one of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, having 16-bit elements. 4. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 5. The processor of claim 1, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 6. The processor of claim 3, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier identify the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 7. The processor of claim 3, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further comprises a vector size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized register. 8. The processor of claim 1, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the execution circuitry uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 9. A method comprising:
fetching, by fetch circuitry, a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decoding, by decode circuitry, the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and executing, by execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register, and further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising using, by the execution circuitry when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, a rounding control in a software-accessible control register to specify one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized register selected from a group consisting of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, the selected register having 16-bit elements. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 15-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor comprising:
means for fetching the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier;
means for decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and
means for executing the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the means for executing is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 24. The system of claim 21, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the means for executing uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further identifies a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 26. The method of claim 9, further comprising, after decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction, retrieving data associated with the identified first and second sources, and scheduling execution of the decoded vector multiplication instruction. | Disclosed embodiments relate to executing a vector multiplication instruction. In one example, a processor includes fetch circuitry to fetch the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier, decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction, execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of corresponding pairs of fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded instruction to generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size, and generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination.1. A processor comprising:
fetch circuitry to fetch a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decode circuitry to decode the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and execution circuitry to, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 2. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the execution circuitry is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 3. The processor of claim 1, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized one of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, having 16-bit elements. 4. The processor of claim 1, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 5. The processor of claim 1, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 6. The processor of claim 3, wherein the execution circuitry is to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier identify the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 7. The processor of claim 3, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further comprises a vector size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized register. 8. The processor of claim 1, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the execution circuitry uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 9. A method comprising:
fetching, by fetch circuitry, a vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier; decoding, by decode circuitry, the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and executing, by execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register, and further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising using, by the execution circuitry when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, a rounding control in a software-accessible control register to specify one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies a same-sized register selected from a group consisting of a 32-bit general purpose register, a 64-bit general purpose register, a 128-bit vector register, a 256-bit vector register, and a 512-bit vector register, the selected register having 16-bit elements. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every corresponding pair of fixed-size elements. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising executing, by the execution circuitry, the decoded vector multiplication instruction on 16 corresponding pairs of elements at a time, taking one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction when the first source identifier, the second source identifier, and the destination identifier each identifies the 128-bit vector register, the 256-bit vector register, and the 512-bit vector register, respectively. 15-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor comprising:
means for fetching the vector multiplication instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, and a destination identifier;
means for decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction; and
means for executing the decoded vector multiplication instruction, on each of a plurality of pairs of corresponding fixed-sized elements of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a double-sized product of each pair of fixed-sized elements, the double-sized product being represented by at least twice a number of bits of the fixed size; and
generate a signed fixed-sized result by rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product to fit into the identified destination. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits and wherein the identified first source, second source, and destination each comprises a 128-bit vector register. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the fixed size is 16 bits, and wherein the means for executing is further to execute the decoded vector multiplication instruction in parallel on every element of the first and second identified sources. 24. The system of claim 21, further comprising a software-accessible control register to store a rounding control, wherein the means for executing uses the rounding control when rounding the most significant fixed-sized portion of the double-sized product, wherein the rounding control specifies one of truncating, rounding up, and convergent rounding. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the vector multiplication instruction further identifies a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 26. The method of claim 9, further comprising, after decoding the fetched vector multiplication instruction, retrieving data associated with the identified first and second sources, and scheduling execution of the decoded vector multiplication instruction. | 1,700 |
343,041 | 16,642,809 | 1,772 | There is provided a lifting robot suitable for lifting and transferring a person. Especially there is provided a patient lift apparatus with collapsible vertical and horizontal columns that allows the apparatus to change its height and width. Specifically there is provided a patient lifting robot having a frame for lifting and carrying persons. The frame has adjustable length and width, since the frame comprises two vertically collapsible columns for adjusting the height of the frame, and one horizontally collapsible beam for adjusting the width of the frame. | 1. A lifting robot having a frame for lifting and carrying persons, comprising two vertically collapsible columns for adjusting the height of the frame, one horizontally collapsible beam for adjusting the width of the frame, and a base frame provided with wheels for movement of the lifting robot, wherein winches are attached inside or on the vertically collapsible columns or the horizontally collapsible beam, each of said winches provided with a belt that extends from the winch and is connected to a point or a yoke that is attached to means for lifting patients, said lifting robot provided with a control unit connected with the winches and programmed to ensure synchronous movement of the belts. 2. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein said vertically collapsible columns, and said horizontally collapsible beam are selected from telescopic joints, scissor lifts, hydraulic lifts and electrical actuators. 3. The lifting robot of claim wherein each of said belts passing a pulley attached to the upper end of each vertically collapsible column. 4. The lifting robot of claim 3, wherein the pulley is associated with a load sensor. 5. The lifting robot o claim 1, wherein an orientation sensor is applied as part of an anti-tilting system for the lifting robot. 6. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the winches are located in the lower parts of two vertically collapsible columns. 7. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein supplementary winches are attached to the vertically collapsible columns thereby establishing a four point lifting configuration. 8. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein supplementary winches are attached to the vertically collapsible column or collapsible beam (thereby establishing a multipoint lifting and positioning configuration. 9. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the supplementary winches are attached at the bottom of the vertically collapsible columns and said supplementary winches are controlled via the control unit in conjunction with the winches at the top of the vertically collapsible columns. 10. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the supplementary winchesare configured to be twisted away from the vertical plane so as to provide to twist the means for lifting patients, whereby the orientation of the lifted object is controlled in 3 axes. 11. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the belts are selected from cables, wires, and ropes. 12. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the belts length position are measured by a sensor. 13. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein an extender bar is used for reducing the horizontal force on the upper winches when the means for lifting patients in a vertical direction from a 2 point or multipoint winches position. 14. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the means for lifting patients are selected from straps, harnesses, or alike. 15. A multiple lifting robot comprising two or more lifting robots of claim 1, wherein the robots are coupled and synchronized in their control units so as to provide multiple point lifting. | There is provided a lifting robot suitable for lifting and transferring a person. Especially there is provided a patient lift apparatus with collapsible vertical and horizontal columns that allows the apparatus to change its height and width. Specifically there is provided a patient lifting robot having a frame for lifting and carrying persons. The frame has adjustable length and width, since the frame comprises two vertically collapsible columns for adjusting the height of the frame, and one horizontally collapsible beam for adjusting the width of the frame.1. A lifting robot having a frame for lifting and carrying persons, comprising two vertically collapsible columns for adjusting the height of the frame, one horizontally collapsible beam for adjusting the width of the frame, and a base frame provided with wheels for movement of the lifting robot, wherein winches are attached inside or on the vertically collapsible columns or the horizontally collapsible beam, each of said winches provided with a belt that extends from the winch and is connected to a point or a yoke that is attached to means for lifting patients, said lifting robot provided with a control unit connected with the winches and programmed to ensure synchronous movement of the belts. 2. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein said vertically collapsible columns, and said horizontally collapsible beam are selected from telescopic joints, scissor lifts, hydraulic lifts and electrical actuators. 3. The lifting robot of claim wherein each of said belts passing a pulley attached to the upper end of each vertically collapsible column. 4. The lifting robot of claim 3, wherein the pulley is associated with a load sensor. 5. The lifting robot o claim 1, wherein an orientation sensor is applied as part of an anti-tilting system for the lifting robot. 6. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the winches are located in the lower parts of two vertically collapsible columns. 7. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein supplementary winches are attached to the vertically collapsible columns thereby establishing a four point lifting configuration. 8. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein supplementary winches are attached to the vertically collapsible column or collapsible beam (thereby establishing a multipoint lifting and positioning configuration. 9. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the supplementary winches are attached at the bottom of the vertically collapsible columns and said supplementary winches are controlled via the control unit in conjunction with the winches at the top of the vertically collapsible columns. 10. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the supplementary winchesare configured to be twisted away from the vertical plane so as to provide to twist the means for lifting patients, whereby the orientation of the lifted object is controlled in 3 axes. 11. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the belts are selected from cables, wires, and ropes. 12. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the belts length position are measured by a sensor. 13. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein an extender bar is used for reducing the horizontal force on the upper winches when the means for lifting patients in a vertical direction from a 2 point or multipoint winches position. 14. The lifting robot of claim 1, wherein the means for lifting patients are selected from straps, harnesses, or alike. 15. A multiple lifting robot comprising two or more lifting robots of claim 1, wherein the robots are coupled and synchronized in their control units so as to provide multiple point lifting. | 1,700 |
343,042 | 16,642,717 | 1,772 | Provided herein are compounds and compositions useful as modulators of MAGL. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of pain. | 1. A compound having the structure of Formula (III): 2. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is a bond. 3. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is a C1-6alkyl. 4. The compound of claim 3, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —CH2—. 5. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is C1-6haloalkyl. 6. The compound of claim 5, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —CF2—. 7. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is C3-8cycloalkyl. 8. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is cyclopropyl. 9. A compound having the structure of Formula (I): 10. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H. 11. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is H. 12. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are both H. 13. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein X is —CH2—. 14. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein X is —C(O)—. 15. The compound of any one of claims 1-14, wherein n is 0 and m is 2. 16. The compound of any one of claims 1-14, wherein n is 1 and m is 1. 17. A compound having the structure of Formula (II): 18. The compound of claim 17, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 is H. 19. The compound of claim 17 or claim 18, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 0. 20. The compound of claim 17 or claim 18, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 1. 21. The compound of any one of claims 17-20, wherein Y is —C(O)—. 22. The compound of any one of claims 17-19, wherein Y is —CH2—. 23. The compound of any one of claims 17-22, wherein R11 is C1-6alkyl. 24. The compound of any one of claims 17-23, wherein R12 is —CH3. 25. The compound of any one of claims 1-24, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R4. 26. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4. 27. The compound of claim 26, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with two or three R4, wherein two adjacent R4 form a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one or two R5. 28. The compound of claim 27, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with two adjacent R4, wherein the two adjacent R4 form an unsubstituted 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring. 29. The compound of claim 27, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with two adjacent R4, wherein the two adjacent R4 form a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one R5. 30. The compound of claim 29, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 is selected from C1-6alkyl, C1-6heteroalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, —C1-6alkyl(C3-8cycloalkyl), C2-9heterocycloalkyl, and —CH2CO2H. 31. The compound of any one of claims 1-24, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is selected from: 32. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, —CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, —OR7, —CO2H, and —CH2CO2H, and wherein C2-9 heterocycloalkyl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or two R5. 33. The compound of claim 32, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or two R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, and phenyl, and wherein C2-9heterocycloalkyl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or two R5, and each R5 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkoxy, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, or —CO2H. 34. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is an unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring. 35. The compound of any one of claims 32-34, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring selected from a pyrazole, thiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, and imidazole ring. 36. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, —C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and C2-9heterocycloalkyl, wherein C2-9 heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or two R5. 37. The compound of claim 36, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or two R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and C2-9heterocycloalkyl, wherein C2-9heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one R5, and R5 is —CO2H. 38. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is an unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring. 39. The compound of any one of claims 36-38, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring selected from a pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyrazine ring. 40. The compound of any one of claims 1-24, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R4. 41. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4. 42. The compound of claim 41, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, —CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, —OR7, and —CO2R6. 43. The compound of claim 42, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring substituted with one or two R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, and C1-6haloalkyl. 44. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is an unsubstituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring. 45. The compound of any one of claims 40-44, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring selected from a benzothiophene, indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, benzoxazole, pyrazolpyridine, imidazopyridine, and pyrrolopyridine ring. 46. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is selected from: 47. A compound having the structure of Formula (IV): 48. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is a bond. 49. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —C(O)—. 50. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —S(O)2—. 51. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-6alkyl. 52. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-6haloalkyl. 53. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 54. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C2-9 heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 55. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 56. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-9heteroaryl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 57. The compound of any one of claims 47-56, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H. 58. The compound of any one of claims 47-56, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is C1-6alkyl. 59. A compound selected from: 60. A compound selected from: 61. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-60, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 62. A method of treating pain in a patient, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-60, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof to treat said pain. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the pain is neuropathic pain. 64. The method of claim 62, wherein the pain is inflammatory pain. 65. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-60, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from migraine, epilepsy/seizure disorder, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Tourette syndrome, persistent motor tic disorder, persistent vocal tic disorder, and abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is migraine. 67. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is epilepsy/seizure disorder. 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is neuromyelitis optica (NMO). 69. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is Tourette syndrome. 70. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent motor tic disorder. 71. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent vocal tic disorder. 72. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | Provided herein are compounds and compositions useful as modulators of MAGL. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of pain.1. A compound having the structure of Formula (III): 2. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is a bond. 3. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is a C1-6alkyl. 4. The compound of claim 3, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —CH2—. 5. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is C1-6haloalkyl. 6. The compound of claim 5, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —CF2—. 7. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is C3-8cycloalkyl. 8. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is cyclopropyl. 9. A compound having the structure of Formula (I): 10. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H. 11. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is H. 12. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are both H. 13. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein X is —CH2—. 14. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein X is —C(O)—. 15. The compound of any one of claims 1-14, wherein n is 0 and m is 2. 16. The compound of any one of claims 1-14, wherein n is 1 and m is 1. 17. A compound having the structure of Formula (II): 18. The compound of claim 17, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 is H. 19. The compound of claim 17 or claim 18, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 0. 20. The compound of claim 17 or claim 18, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 1. 21. The compound of any one of claims 17-20, wherein Y is —C(O)—. 22. The compound of any one of claims 17-19, wherein Y is —CH2—. 23. The compound of any one of claims 17-22, wherein R11 is C1-6alkyl. 24. The compound of any one of claims 17-23, wherein R12 is —CH3. 25. The compound of any one of claims 1-24, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R4. 26. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4. 27. The compound of claim 26, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with two or three R4, wherein two adjacent R4 form a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one or two R5. 28. The compound of claim 27, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with two adjacent R4, wherein the two adjacent R4 form an unsubstituted 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring. 29. The compound of claim 27, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with two adjacent R4, wherein the two adjacent R4 form a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one R5. 30. The compound of claim 29, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 is selected from C1-6alkyl, C1-6heteroalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, —C1-6alkyl(C3-8cycloalkyl), C2-9heterocycloalkyl, and —CH2CO2H. 31. The compound of any one of claims 1-24, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is selected from: 32. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, —CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, —OR7, —CO2H, and —CH2CO2H, and wherein C2-9 heterocycloalkyl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or two R5. 33. The compound of claim 32, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or two R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, and phenyl, and wherein C2-9heterocycloalkyl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or two R5, and each R5 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkoxy, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, or —CO2H. 34. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is an unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring. 35. The compound of any one of claims 32-34, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring selected from a pyrazole, thiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, and imidazole ring. 36. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, —C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and C2-9heterocycloalkyl, wherein C2-9 heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or two R5. 37. The compound of claim 36, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or two R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, and C2-9heterocycloalkyl, wherein C2-9heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one R5, and R5 is —CO2H. 38. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is an unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring. 39. The compound of any one of claims 36-38, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring selected from a pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyrazine ring. 40. The compound of any one of claims 1-24, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R4. 41. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4. 42. The compound of claim 41, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring substituted with one, two, or three R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, —CN, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, —OR7, and —CO2R6. 43. The compound of claim 42, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring substituted with one or two R4, wherein each R4 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, and C1-6haloalkyl. 44. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is an unsubstituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring. 45. The compound of any one of claims 40-44, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring selected from a benzothiophene, indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, benzoxazole, pyrazolpyridine, imidazopyridine, and pyrrolopyridine ring. 46. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is selected from: 47. A compound having the structure of Formula (IV): 48. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is a bond. 49. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —C(O)—. 50. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —S(O)2—. 51. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-6alkyl. 52. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-6haloalkyl. 53. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 54. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C2-9 heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 55. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 56. The compound of any one of claims 47-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-9heteroaryl optionally substituted with one, two, or three R2. 57. The compound of any one of claims 47-56, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H. 58. The compound of any one of claims 47-56, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is C1-6alkyl. 59. A compound selected from: 60. A compound selected from: 61. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-60, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 62. A method of treating pain in a patient, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-60, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof to treat said pain. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the pain is neuropathic pain. 64. The method of claim 62, wherein the pain is inflammatory pain. 65. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-60, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from migraine, epilepsy/seizure disorder, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Tourette syndrome, persistent motor tic disorder, persistent vocal tic disorder, and abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is migraine. 67. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is epilepsy/seizure disorder. 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is neuromyelitis optica (NMO). 69. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is Tourette syndrome. 70. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent motor tic disorder. 71. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent vocal tic disorder. 72. The method of claim 65, wherein the disease or disorder is abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 1,700 |
343,043 | 16,642,713 | 1,772 | Provided herein are compounds and compositions useful as modulators of MAGL. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of pain. | 1. A compound having the structure of Formula (I): 2. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is —C3-8cycloalkyl-CO2H. 3. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 4. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is —C≡C—C1-6alkyl-CO2H. 5. The compound of claim 4, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —CH2—. 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —C(O)—. 8. A compound having the structure of Formula (I′): 9. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 10. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 11. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 12. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 13. The compound of claim 12, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 14. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 15. The compound of claim 14, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 16. The compound of any one of claims 1-15, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H. 17. The compound of any one of claims 1-16, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is H. 18. The compound of of any one of claims 1-17, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are both H. 19. The compound of any one of claims 1-18, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen and C1-6haloalkyl. 20. The compound of any one of claims 1-19, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen. 21. The compound of any one of claims 1-20, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —Cl. 22. The compound of any one of claims 1-19, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from C1-6haloalkyl. 23. The compound of claim 22, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —CF3. 24. The compound of any one of claims 1-23, wherein w is 2. 25. The compound of any one of claims 1-23, wherein w is 1. 26. The compound of any one of claims 1-18, wherein w is 0. 27. The compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1, n is 1, q is 1, and p is 1. 28. The compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1, n is 1, q is 0, and p is 2. 29. A compound having the structure of Formula (II): 30. A compound having the structure of Formula (III): 31. The compound of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein Y is —CH2—. 32. The compound of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein Y is —C(O)—. 33. A compound having the structure of Formula (IV): 34. The compound of claim 33, wherein n is 0 and m is 2. 35. The compound of claim 33, wherein n is 1 and m is 1. 36. The compound of of any one of claims 33-35, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are both H. 37. A compound having the structure of Formula (VI): 38. The compound of any one of claims 29-37, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, —C1-6alkyl(C2-9heterocycloalkyl), —NR5R6, —OR7, —CO2R8, and —C(O)NR8R9. 39. The compound of any one of claims 29-38, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, —NR5R6, and —OR7. 40. The compound of any one of claims 29-39, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, and —NR5R6. 41. The compound of any one of claims 29-40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R10. 42. The compound of claim 41, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, halogen, —CO2R8, —C(O)R8, —C(O)NR8R9, —SO2R8, —NR9C(O)R8, and —NR9SO2R8. 43. The compound of claim 42, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl and —CO2H. 44. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring. 45. The compound of any one of claims 29-40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring selected from: 46. A compound having the structure of Formula (V): 47. The compound of claim 46, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, —C1-6alkyl(C2-9heterocycloalkyl), —NR5R6, —OR7, —CO2R8, —C(O)NR8R9, and C3-8cycloalkyl substituted by —CO2H. 48. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, and C3-8cycloalkyl substituted by —CO2H. 49. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, —NR5R6, and —OR7. 50. The compound of claim 49, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R10. 51. The compound of claim 50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, halogen, —CO2R8, —C(O)R8, —C(O)NR8R9, —SO2R8, —NR9C(O)R8, and —NR9SO2R8. 52. The compound of claim 51, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl and —CO2H. 53. The compound of claim 49, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring. 54. The compound of any one of claims 45-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring selected from: 55. A compound having the structure of Formula (V′): 56. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 57. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 58. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 59. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 60. The compound of claim 59, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 61. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 62. The compound of claim 61, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 63. The compound of any one of claims 46-62, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 0. 64. The compound of any one of claims 46-62, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 1. 65. The compound of any one of claims 46-64, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —O—. 66. The compound of any one of claims 46-64, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —N(CH3)—. 67. The compound of any one of claims 46-66, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is —CH3. 68. The compound of any one of claims 46-67, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H. 69. The compound of any one of claims 46-67, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is —CH3. 70. The compound of any one of claims 29-69, wherein p is 2. 71. The compound of any one of claims 29-69, wherein p is 1. 72. A compound having the structure of Formula (VII): 73. The compound of claim 72, wherein q is 1. 74. The compound of claim 72, wherein q is 2. 75. A compound having the structure of Formula (VIII): 76. The compound of any one of claims 72-75, wherein R1 is 77. The compound of any one of claims 72-75, wherein R1 is 78. The compound of any one of claims 72-77, wherein R6 is —(O)—C1-6alkyl. 79. The compound of any one of claims 72-77, wherein R6 is —C(O)—C1-6alkyl. 80. The compound of any one of claims 72-77, wherein R6 is —S(O)2—C1-6alkyl. 81. The compound of any one of claims 72-80, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen and C1-6haloalkyl. 82. The compound of any one of claims 72-81, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen. 83. The compound of any one of claims 72-82, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —Cl. 84. The compound of any one of claims 72-81, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from C1-6haloalkyl. 85. The compound of claim 84, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —CF3. 86. The compound of any one of claims 72-85, wherein p is 1. 87. The compound of any one of claims 72-80, wherein p is 0. 88. A compound selected from: 89. A compound selected from: 90. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-89, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 91. A method of treating pain in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-89, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 92. The method of claim 91, wherein the pain is neuropathic pain. 93. The method of claim 91, wherein the pain is inflammatory pain. 94. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-89, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from migraine, epilepsy/seizure disorder, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Tourette syndrome, persistent motor tic disorder, persistent vocal tic disorder, and abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is migraine. 96. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is epilepsy/seizure disorder. 97. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is neuromyelitis optica (NMO). 98. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is Tourette syndrome. 99. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent motor tic disorder. 100. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent vocal tic disorder. 101. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | Provided herein are compounds and compositions useful as modulators of MAGL. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of pain.1. A compound having the structure of Formula (I): 2. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is —C3-8cycloalkyl-CO2H. 3. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 4. The compound of claim 1, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is —C≡C—C1-6alkyl-CO2H. 5. The compound of claim 4, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —CH2—. 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —C(O)—. 8. A compound having the structure of Formula (I′): 9. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 10. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 11. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 12. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 13. The compound of claim 12, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 14. The compound of claim 8, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 15. The compound of claim 14, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 16. The compound of any one of claims 1-15, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H. 17. The compound of any one of claims 1-16, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is H. 18. The compound of of any one of claims 1-17, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are both H. 19. The compound of any one of claims 1-18, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen and C1-6haloalkyl. 20. The compound of any one of claims 1-19, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen. 21. The compound of any one of claims 1-20, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —Cl. 22. The compound of any one of claims 1-19, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from C1-6haloalkyl. 23. The compound of claim 22, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —CF3. 24. The compound of any one of claims 1-23, wherein w is 2. 25. The compound of any one of claims 1-23, wherein w is 1. 26. The compound of any one of claims 1-18, wherein w is 0. 27. The compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1, n is 1, q is 1, and p is 1. 28. The compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 1, n is 1, q is 0, and p is 2. 29. A compound having the structure of Formula (II): 30. A compound having the structure of Formula (III): 31. The compound of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein Y is —CH2—. 32. The compound of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein Y is —C(O)—. 33. A compound having the structure of Formula (IV): 34. The compound of claim 33, wherein n is 0 and m is 2. 35. The compound of claim 33, wherein n is 1 and m is 1. 36. The compound of of any one of claims 33-35, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are both H. 37. A compound having the structure of Formula (VI): 38. The compound of any one of claims 29-37, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, —C1-6alkyl(C2-9heterocycloalkyl), —NR5R6, —OR7, —CO2R8, and —C(O)NR8R9. 39. The compound of any one of claims 29-38, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, —NR5R6, and —OR7. 40. The compound of any one of claims 29-39, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, and —NR5R6. 41. The compound of any one of claims 29-40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R10. 42. The compound of claim 41, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, halogen, —CO2R8, —C(O)R8, —C(O)NR8R9, —SO2R8, —NR9C(O)R8, and —NR9SO2R8. 43. The compound of claim 42, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl and —CO2H. 44. The compound of claim 40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring. 45. The compound of any one of claims 29-40, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring selected from: 46. A compound having the structure of Formula (V): 47. The compound of claim 46, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, —C1-6alkyl(C2-9heterocycloalkyl), —NR5R6, —OR7, —CO2R8, —C(O)NR8R9, and C3-8cycloalkyl substituted by —CO2H. 48. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, and C3-8cycloalkyl substituted by —CO2H. 49. The compound of claim 47, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen, C1-6haloalkyl, —NR5R6, and —OR7. 50. The compound of claim 49, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one, two, or three R10. 51. The compound of claim 50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, halogen, —CO2R8, —C(O)R8, —C(O)NR8R9, —SO2R8, —NR9C(O)R8, and —NR9SO2R8. 52. The compound of claim 51, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two R10 independently selected from C1-6alkyl and —CO2H. 53. The compound of claim 49, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring. 54. The compound of any one of claims 45-50, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a C2-9heterocycloalkyl ring selected from: 55. A compound having the structure of Formula (V′): 56. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 57. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 58. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 59. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 60. The compound of claim 59, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 61. The compound of claim 55, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is 62. The compound of claim 61, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from 63. The compound of any one of claims 46-62, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 0. 64. The compound of any one of claims 46-62, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein v is 1. 65. The compound of any one of claims 46-64, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —O—. 66. The compound of any one of claims 46-64, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is —N(CH3)—. 67. The compound of any one of claims 46-66, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is —CH3. 68. The compound of any one of claims 46-67, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H. 69. The compound of any one of claims 46-67, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is —CH3. 70. The compound of any one of claims 29-69, wherein p is 2. 71. The compound of any one of claims 29-69, wherein p is 1. 72. A compound having the structure of Formula (VII): 73. The compound of claim 72, wherein q is 1. 74. The compound of claim 72, wherein q is 2. 75. A compound having the structure of Formula (VIII): 76. The compound of any one of claims 72-75, wherein R1 is 77. The compound of any one of claims 72-75, wherein R1 is 78. The compound of any one of claims 72-77, wherein R6 is —(O)—C1-6alkyl. 79. The compound of any one of claims 72-77, wherein R6 is —C(O)—C1-6alkyl. 80. The compound of any one of claims 72-77, wherein R6 is —S(O)2—C1-6alkyl. 81. The compound of any one of claims 72-80, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen and C1-6haloalkyl. 82. The compound of any one of claims 72-81, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from halogen. 83. The compound of any one of claims 72-82, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —Cl. 84. The compound of any one of claims 72-81, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is independently selected from C1-6haloalkyl. 85. The compound of claim 84, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R3 is —CF3. 86. The compound of any one of claims 72-85, wherein p is 1. 87. The compound of any one of claims 72-80, wherein p is 0. 88. A compound selected from: 89. A compound selected from: 90. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-89, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 91. A method of treating pain in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-89, or a solvate, hydrate, tautomer, N-oxide, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 92. The method of claim 91, wherein the pain is neuropathic pain. 93. The method of claim 91, wherein the pain is inflammatory pain. 94. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-89, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from migraine, epilepsy/seizure disorder, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Tourette syndrome, persistent motor tic disorder, persistent vocal tic disorder, and abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is migraine. 96. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is epilepsy/seizure disorder. 97. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is neuromyelitis optica (NMO). 98. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is Tourette syndrome. 99. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent motor tic disorder. 100. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is persistent vocal tic disorder. 101. The method of claim 94, wherein the disease or disorder is abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 1,700 |
343,044 | 16,642,788 | 1,772 | Provided is an actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine, which improves productivity. The actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine includes an electric motor; a control shaft to which a rotative force from the electric motor is transmitted, the control shaft including a first journal portion and a second journal portion; an arm link portion that is disposed between the first journal portion and the second journal portion in an axial direction and extends from the control shaft in a radial direction, where the axial direction is a direction along a rotational axis line of the control shaft, and the radial direction is a radiation direction of the rotational axis line, the arm link portion being linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine; a first housing including an accommodation chamber that accommodates the arm link portion, a radial opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber in the radial direction, and a first opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber toward the first journal portion side in the axial direction; and a second housing that closes the first opening portion, the second housing including a first bearing portion that supports the first journal portion. | 1. An actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine comprising:
an electric motor; a control shaft to which a rotative force from the electric motor is transmitted, the control shaft including a first journal portion and a second journal portion; an arm link portion that is arranged between the first journal portion and the second journal portion in an axial direction and extends from the control shaft in a radial direction, where the axial direction is a direction along a rotational axis line of the control shaft, and the radial direction is a radiation direction of the rotational axis line, the arm link portion being linked to a variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine; a first housing including an accommodation chamber that accommodates the arm link portion, a radial opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber in the radial direction, and a first opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber toward the first journal portion side in the axial direction; and a second housing that closes the first opening portion, the second housing including a first bearing portion that supports the first journal portion. 2. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the first housing includes a first beam portion that forms a part of an edge portion of the radial opening portion and a part of an edge portion of the first opening portion. 3. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism,
wherein the arm link portion includes a pin hole on an outer end in the radial direction and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the actuator link through a pin inserted in the pin hole;
wherein the second housing includes a first extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the first opening portion; and
wherein the first extending portion overlaps the pin as viewed from the axial direction. 4. The actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 3,
wherein the first extending portion overlaps the pin at any position within a rotatable range of the control shaft as viewed from the axial direction. 5. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 3,
wherein the first housing includes a convex portion extending inward in the radial direction from an edge portion of the first opening portion; and wherein the convex portion includes a bolt hole for fastening the convex portion and the second housing. 6. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 5,
wherein the first extending portion has a cross-sectional shape along the radial direction, which follows a shape of the convex portion. 7. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6,
wherein the first extending portion extends farther toward the arm link portion side than the convex portion in the axial direction. 8. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the second housing includes a first extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the first opening portion; and wherein the first extending portion overlaps the arm link portion as viewed from the axial direction. 9. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the first opening portion is large enough in size to allow the arm link portion to be inserted in the first opening portion. 10. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 9,
wherein the control shaft and the arm link portion are integrally formed. 11. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the first housing includes a second opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber toward the second journal portion side in the axial direction; and wherein the actuator comprises a third housing that closes the second opening portion, the third housing including a second bearing portion that supports the second journal portion. 12. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 11,
wherein the first housing includes a second beam portion that forms a part of the edge portion of the radial opening portion and a part of an edge portion of the second opening portion. 13. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 12 comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism,
wherein the arm link portion includes a pin hole on an outer end in the radial direction and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the actuator link through a pin inserted in the pin hole;
wherein the third housing includes a second extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the second opening portion; and
wherein the second extending portion overlaps the pin as viewed from the axial direction. 14. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 13,
wherein the second extending portion overlaps the pin at any position within a rotatable range of the control shaft as viewed from the axial direction. 15. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 12,
wherein the third housing includes a second extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the second opening portion; wherein the second extending portion overlaps the arm link portion as viewed from the axial direction. 16. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the first housing includes a second bearing portion that supports the second journal portion. 17. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 16 comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism,
wherein the arm link portion includes a pin hole on an outer end in the radial direction and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the actuator link through a pin inserted in the pin hole; and
wherein the first housing includes a sliding surface that is contactable with the pin in the axial direction. 18. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 16,
wherein the first housing includes a sliding surface that is contactable with the arm link portion in the axial direction. 19. An actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to a variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine and changes an attitude of the variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine; a control shaft formed into a shaft-like shape, the control shaft including an arm link portion that protrudes outward in a radial direction and is coupled to the actuator in a relatively rotatable manner, where the radial direction is a radiation direction of a rotational axis line of the control shaft; a first housing including an accommodation chamber that accommodates the arm link portion, a radial opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber in the radial direction, an edge portion of the radial opening portion, which comes into contact with the internal combustion engine and thus functions as a seal surface when the actuator is mounted on the internal combustion engine, and a first opening portion that opens from the accommodating portion in a direction along the rotational axis line of the control shaft, the first opening portion in which the arm ring portion is insertable; and a second housing that closes the first opening portion and supports the control shaft. | Provided is an actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine, which improves productivity. The actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine includes an electric motor; a control shaft to which a rotative force from the electric motor is transmitted, the control shaft including a first journal portion and a second journal portion; an arm link portion that is disposed between the first journal portion and the second journal portion in an axial direction and extends from the control shaft in a radial direction, where the axial direction is a direction along a rotational axis line of the control shaft, and the radial direction is a radiation direction of the rotational axis line, the arm link portion being linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine; a first housing including an accommodation chamber that accommodates the arm link portion, a radial opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber in the radial direction, and a first opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber toward the first journal portion side in the axial direction; and a second housing that closes the first opening portion, the second housing including a first bearing portion that supports the first journal portion.1. An actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine comprising:
an electric motor; a control shaft to which a rotative force from the electric motor is transmitted, the control shaft including a first journal portion and a second journal portion; an arm link portion that is arranged between the first journal portion and the second journal portion in an axial direction and extends from the control shaft in a radial direction, where the axial direction is a direction along a rotational axis line of the control shaft, and the radial direction is a radiation direction of the rotational axis line, the arm link portion being linked to a variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine; a first housing including an accommodation chamber that accommodates the arm link portion, a radial opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber in the radial direction, and a first opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber toward the first journal portion side in the axial direction; and a second housing that closes the first opening portion, the second housing including a first bearing portion that supports the first journal portion. 2. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the first housing includes a first beam portion that forms a part of an edge portion of the radial opening portion and a part of an edge portion of the first opening portion. 3. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism,
wherein the arm link portion includes a pin hole on an outer end in the radial direction and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the actuator link through a pin inserted in the pin hole;
wherein the second housing includes a first extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the first opening portion; and
wherein the first extending portion overlaps the pin as viewed from the axial direction. 4. The actuator for a variable compression ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 3,
wherein the first extending portion overlaps the pin at any position within a rotatable range of the control shaft as viewed from the axial direction. 5. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 3,
wherein the first housing includes a convex portion extending inward in the radial direction from an edge portion of the first opening portion; and wherein the convex portion includes a bolt hole for fastening the convex portion and the second housing. 6. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 5,
wherein the first extending portion has a cross-sectional shape along the radial direction, which follows a shape of the convex portion. 7. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6,
wherein the first extending portion extends farther toward the arm link portion side than the convex portion in the axial direction. 8. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the second housing includes a first extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the first opening portion; and wherein the first extending portion overlaps the arm link portion as viewed from the axial direction. 9. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the first opening portion is large enough in size to allow the arm link portion to be inserted in the first opening portion. 10. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 9,
wherein the control shaft and the arm link portion are integrally formed. 11. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the first housing includes a second opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber toward the second journal portion side in the axial direction; and wherein the actuator comprises a third housing that closes the second opening portion, the third housing including a second bearing portion that supports the second journal portion. 12. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 11,
wherein the first housing includes a second beam portion that forms a part of the edge portion of the radial opening portion and a part of an edge portion of the second opening portion. 13. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 12 comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism,
wherein the arm link portion includes a pin hole on an outer end in the radial direction and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the actuator link through a pin inserted in the pin hole;
wherein the third housing includes a second extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the second opening portion; and
wherein the second extending portion overlaps the pin as viewed from the axial direction. 14. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 13,
wherein the second extending portion overlaps the pin at any position within a rotatable range of the control shaft as viewed from the axial direction. 15. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 12,
wherein the third housing includes a second extending portion extending inward in the radial direction of the second opening portion; wherein the second extending portion overlaps the arm link portion as viewed from the axial direction. 16. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
wherein the first housing includes a second bearing portion that supports the second journal portion. 17. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 16 comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to the variable compression ratio mechanism,
wherein the arm link portion includes a pin hole on an outer end in the radial direction and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the actuator link through a pin inserted in the pin hole; and
wherein the first housing includes a sliding surface that is contactable with the pin in the axial direction. 18. The actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 16,
wherein the first housing includes a sliding surface that is contactable with the arm link portion in the axial direction. 19. An actuator for a variable combustion ratio mechanism of an internal combustion engine comprising:
an actuator link that is linked to a variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine and changes an attitude of the variable compression ratio mechanism of the internal combustion engine; a control shaft formed into a shaft-like shape, the control shaft including an arm link portion that protrudes outward in a radial direction and is coupled to the actuator in a relatively rotatable manner, where the radial direction is a radiation direction of a rotational axis line of the control shaft; a first housing including an accommodation chamber that accommodates the arm link portion, a radial opening portion that opens from the accommodation chamber in the radial direction, an edge portion of the radial opening portion, which comes into contact with the internal combustion engine and thus functions as a seal surface when the actuator is mounted on the internal combustion engine, and a first opening portion that opens from the accommodating portion in a direction along the rotational axis line of the control shaft, the first opening portion in which the arm ring portion is insertable; and a second housing that closes the first opening portion and supports the control shaft. | 1,700 |
343,045 | 16,642,765 | 1,772 | An aerial vehicle includes an airframe, a canopy capable of adjusting a speed of falling during falling, a brake cord having one end connected to the canopy, a wind-up apparatus provided in the airframe and being capable of winding up the other end of the brake cord, a sensor unit that detects a distance to an external object, and a controller that controls an operation of the wind-up apparatus based on a result of detection by the sensor unit. The wind-up apparatus includes a gas generator as a drive source. The controller has the wind-up apparatus operate to wind up the other end of the brake cord by activating the gas generator when the distance detected by the sensor unit is equal to or smaller than a prescribed value. | 1. An aerial vehicle comprising:
an airframe; a propulsive mechanism provided in the airframe, the propulsive mechanism propelling the airframe; a canopy that forms a wing shape by receiving wind, the canopy being capable of adjusting a speed of falling during falling; a brake cord having one end connected to the canopy; a wind-up apparatus provided in the airframe, the wind-up apparatus being capable of winding up the other end of the brake cord; a sensor unit that detects a distance to an external object; and a controller that controls an operation of the wind-up apparatus based on a result of detection by the sensor unit, the wind-up apparatus including a gas generator as a drive source, wherein when the distance detected by the sensor unit is equal to or smaller than a prescribed value, the controller has the wind-up apparatus operate to wind up the other end of the brake cord by activating the gas generator. 2. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the wind-up apparatus includes
a wind-up shaft around which the brake cord is wound up by being rotated in a direction of wind-up,
a rotary member capable of rotating the wind-up shaft in the direction of wind-up by being rotated in a prescribed direction, and
a movable member movable toward the rotary member,
the rotary member is provided with a plurality of first teeth, the movable member is provided with a plurality of second teeth that can be meshed with the plurality of first teeth, and as the movable member moves toward the rotary member by receiving a pressure of gas generated by the gas generator, the plurality of second teeth are meshed with the plurality of first teeth and the rotary member is rotated in the prescribed direction. 3. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the wind-up apparatus includes
a wind-up shaft around which the brake cord is wound up by being rotated in a direction of wind-up,
a rotary member capable of rotating the wind-up shaft in the direction of wind-up by being rotated in a prescribed direction,
a ring-shaped member movable toward the rotary member, the ring-shaped member being capable of rotating the rotary member in the prescribed direction by being rotated in the prescribed direction, and
a motive power transmitter that transmits motive power to the ring-shaped member,
the motive power transmitter includes a pipe-shaped member, a motive power transmission element movably accommodated in the pipe-shaped member, and a piston capable of pressing the motive power transmission element, the rotary member is provided with a plurality of first teeth, the ring-shaped member is provided with a plurality of second teeth that can be meshed with the plurality of first teeth and a plurality of third teeth that can be engaged with the motive power transmission element, and with movement of the ring-shaped member toward the rotary member by receiving motive power transmitted by the motive power transmission element moved by being pressed by the piston that receives a pressure of gas generated by the gas generator, the motive power transmission element is engaged with the plurality of third teeth and the plurality of second teeth are meshed with the plurality of first teeth, and then the rotary member is rotated in the prescribed direction. 4. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the gas generator generates gas with burning of gunpowders or a propellant. 5. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, comprising a manipulation mechanism provided in the airframe, the brake cord being manipulated with the manipulation mechanism, wherein
the manipulation mechanism can wind up and unwind the other end of the brake cord and includes a driver as a drive source, the wind-up apparatus is contained in the manipulation mechanism, the controller controls an operation of the manipulation mechanism based on a result of detection by the sensor unit, and when the distance detected by the sensor unit is larger than the prescribed value, the controller controls the operation of the manipulation mechanism by controlling the driver. 6. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor unit includes at least one of an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a GNSS apparatus, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor, millimeter-wave radar, sub millimeter-wave radar, a speed sensor, and a wind direction sensor. | An aerial vehicle includes an airframe, a canopy capable of adjusting a speed of falling during falling, a brake cord having one end connected to the canopy, a wind-up apparatus provided in the airframe and being capable of winding up the other end of the brake cord, a sensor unit that detects a distance to an external object, and a controller that controls an operation of the wind-up apparatus based on a result of detection by the sensor unit. The wind-up apparatus includes a gas generator as a drive source. The controller has the wind-up apparatus operate to wind up the other end of the brake cord by activating the gas generator when the distance detected by the sensor unit is equal to or smaller than a prescribed value.1. An aerial vehicle comprising:
an airframe; a propulsive mechanism provided in the airframe, the propulsive mechanism propelling the airframe; a canopy that forms a wing shape by receiving wind, the canopy being capable of adjusting a speed of falling during falling; a brake cord having one end connected to the canopy; a wind-up apparatus provided in the airframe, the wind-up apparatus being capable of winding up the other end of the brake cord; a sensor unit that detects a distance to an external object; and a controller that controls an operation of the wind-up apparatus based on a result of detection by the sensor unit, the wind-up apparatus including a gas generator as a drive source, wherein when the distance detected by the sensor unit is equal to or smaller than a prescribed value, the controller has the wind-up apparatus operate to wind up the other end of the brake cord by activating the gas generator. 2. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the wind-up apparatus includes
a wind-up shaft around which the brake cord is wound up by being rotated in a direction of wind-up,
a rotary member capable of rotating the wind-up shaft in the direction of wind-up by being rotated in a prescribed direction, and
a movable member movable toward the rotary member,
the rotary member is provided with a plurality of first teeth, the movable member is provided with a plurality of second teeth that can be meshed with the plurality of first teeth, and as the movable member moves toward the rotary member by receiving a pressure of gas generated by the gas generator, the plurality of second teeth are meshed with the plurality of first teeth and the rotary member is rotated in the prescribed direction. 3. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the wind-up apparatus includes
a wind-up shaft around which the brake cord is wound up by being rotated in a direction of wind-up,
a rotary member capable of rotating the wind-up shaft in the direction of wind-up by being rotated in a prescribed direction,
a ring-shaped member movable toward the rotary member, the ring-shaped member being capable of rotating the rotary member in the prescribed direction by being rotated in the prescribed direction, and
a motive power transmitter that transmits motive power to the ring-shaped member,
the motive power transmitter includes a pipe-shaped member, a motive power transmission element movably accommodated in the pipe-shaped member, and a piston capable of pressing the motive power transmission element, the rotary member is provided with a plurality of first teeth, the ring-shaped member is provided with a plurality of second teeth that can be meshed with the plurality of first teeth and a plurality of third teeth that can be engaged with the motive power transmission element, and with movement of the ring-shaped member toward the rotary member by receiving motive power transmitted by the motive power transmission element moved by being pressed by the piston that receives a pressure of gas generated by the gas generator, the motive power transmission element is engaged with the plurality of third teeth and the plurality of second teeth are meshed with the plurality of first teeth, and then the rotary member is rotated in the prescribed direction. 4. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the gas generator generates gas with burning of gunpowders or a propellant. 5. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, comprising a manipulation mechanism provided in the airframe, the brake cord being manipulated with the manipulation mechanism, wherein
the manipulation mechanism can wind up and unwind the other end of the brake cord and includes a driver as a drive source, the wind-up apparatus is contained in the manipulation mechanism, the controller controls an operation of the manipulation mechanism based on a result of detection by the sensor unit, and when the distance detected by the sensor unit is larger than the prescribed value, the controller controls the operation of the manipulation mechanism by controlling the driver. 6. The aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor unit includes at least one of an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a GNSS apparatus, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor, millimeter-wave radar, sub millimeter-wave radar, a speed sensor, and a wind direction sensor. | 1,700 |
343,046 | 16,642,795 | 1,772 | The present disclosure relates to an artificial ankle joint tibial component and, more particularly, to an artificial ankle joint tibial component of an implant that is implanted into a body, the implant including: a body part having a contact surface in contact with a resected surface of a distal end of a tibia of a joint and a joint surface facing a joint; and a fixing part formed to extend a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface, wherein the fixing part is configured as a single body formed to extent a predetermined length upwards from the center in the front area of the contact surface and includes a wing extending to one side, and wherein the wing includes at least one posterior wing that extends at a predetermined angle relative to an AP line, thereby preventing stress from being concentrated on one wing to avoid a fracture thereof and increasing the contact area between a bone and an implant to strengthen fixing force, prevent rotation, and disperse stress, so that bone resorption around the wing can be prevented. | 1. An implant that is implanted into a body, the implant comprising:
a body part having a contact surface in contact with a resected surface of a distal end of a tibia and a joint surface facing a joint; and a fixing part extending a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface, wherein the fixing part is configured to have a form so as to be inserted into the bone, thereby strengthening fixing force and preventing bone absorption by dispersing stress. 2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein the fixing part is configured as a single body formed to extend a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface so as to facilitate insertion thereof into the bone and minimize the amount of bone to be removed in revision arthroplasty. 3. The implant according to claim 2, wherein the fixing part comprises a wing extending to one side to increase the rotational resistance when the fixing part is inserted into the bone, thereby preventing the same from being separated from a correct position. 4. The implant according to claim 3, wherein the wing comprises at least one posterior wing extending at a predetermined angle relative to an AP line to prevent stress from being concentrated on one wing, thereby preventing a fracture. 5. The implant according to claim 4, wherein the wing comprises at least two posterior wings extending at angles in different directions from each other on the basis of an AP line to prevent stress from being concentrated on one wing, thereby preventing a fracture. 6. The implant according to claim 5, wherein the posterior wings have angles symmetrical with each other on the basis of the AP line. 7. The implant according to claim 6, wherein the wing further comprises anterior wings that are symmetrical with the posterior wings on the basis of an ML line. 8. The implant according to claim 7, wherein the anterior wing and the posterior wing are formed at 90 degrees from each other. 9. The implant according to claim 3, wherein the fixing part has a tapered shape overall in which the cross-sectional area thereof is reduced as it goes from the contact surface to a top end, thereby facilitating insertion thereof into the bone and improving fixing force. 10. The implant according to claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the wing has a tapered shape in the vertical direction in which the width thereof is reduced as it goes from the contact surface to a top end. 11. The implant according to claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the wing has a tapered shape in which the length thereof is reduced as it goes from the contact surface to a top end, thereby facilitating insertion thereof into the bone and improving fixing force. 12. The implant according to claim 11, wherein a portion in which a side surface of the fixing part is connected to the contact surface is formed to have a gentle curved surface to support a load and distribute stress, thereby preventing a fracture. 13. The implant according to claim 12, wherein a portion in which the side surface of the fixing part is connected to the top end is formed to have a gentle curved surface to facilitate insertion thereof into the bone. 14. The implant according to claim 13, wherein a portion in which two neighboring wings meet on the side surface of the fixing portion is formed to have a gentle curved surface to enable a natural connection and support the load. 15. The implant according to claim 14, wherein the fixing part is formed to extend a predetermined length upwards at a predetermined angle toward the posterior thereof, thereby facilitating insertion thereof into the bone. 16. The implant according to claim 15, further comprising a spike in the form of a horn, which is disposed in the posterior of the contact surface, so as to strengthen fixing force with the bone. 17. The implant according to claim 16, wherein a boundary portion between the spike and the contact surface has a boundary surface, which is a gentle curved surface connecting the same, to support a load and distribute stress, thereby preventing fracture. 18. The implant according to claim 17, wherein the implant is a tibial implant that is coupled to a tibia in artificial ankle joint arthroplasty. 19. The implant according to claim 18, wherein the lateral surface of the implant is formed to be a concave curved surface. 20. An implant that is implanted into a body, the implant comprising:
a body part having a contact surface in contact with a resected surface of a distal end of a tibia and a joint surface facing a joint; a fixing part extending a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface; and a blocking part extending a predetermined length upwards from the posterior of the body part. 21. The implant according to claim 20, wherein the blocking part is formed along a posterior boundary surface of the body part to prevent heterotopic ossification. 22. The implant according to claim 1, further comprising a blocking part extending a predetermined length upwards from the posterior of the body part. | The present disclosure relates to an artificial ankle joint tibial component and, more particularly, to an artificial ankle joint tibial component of an implant that is implanted into a body, the implant including: a body part having a contact surface in contact with a resected surface of a distal end of a tibia of a joint and a joint surface facing a joint; and a fixing part formed to extend a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface, wherein the fixing part is configured as a single body formed to extent a predetermined length upwards from the center in the front area of the contact surface and includes a wing extending to one side, and wherein the wing includes at least one posterior wing that extends at a predetermined angle relative to an AP line, thereby preventing stress from being concentrated on one wing to avoid a fracture thereof and increasing the contact area between a bone and an implant to strengthen fixing force, prevent rotation, and disperse stress, so that bone resorption around the wing can be prevented.1. An implant that is implanted into a body, the implant comprising:
a body part having a contact surface in contact with a resected surface of a distal end of a tibia and a joint surface facing a joint; and a fixing part extending a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface, wherein the fixing part is configured to have a form so as to be inserted into the bone, thereby strengthening fixing force and preventing bone absorption by dispersing stress. 2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein the fixing part is configured as a single body formed to extend a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface so as to facilitate insertion thereof into the bone and minimize the amount of bone to be removed in revision arthroplasty. 3. The implant according to claim 2, wherein the fixing part comprises a wing extending to one side to increase the rotational resistance when the fixing part is inserted into the bone, thereby preventing the same from being separated from a correct position. 4. The implant according to claim 3, wherein the wing comprises at least one posterior wing extending at a predetermined angle relative to an AP line to prevent stress from being concentrated on one wing, thereby preventing a fracture. 5. The implant according to claim 4, wherein the wing comprises at least two posterior wings extending at angles in different directions from each other on the basis of an AP line to prevent stress from being concentrated on one wing, thereby preventing a fracture. 6. The implant according to claim 5, wherein the posterior wings have angles symmetrical with each other on the basis of the AP line. 7. The implant according to claim 6, wherein the wing further comprises anterior wings that are symmetrical with the posterior wings on the basis of an ML line. 8. The implant according to claim 7, wherein the anterior wing and the posterior wing are formed at 90 degrees from each other. 9. The implant according to claim 3, wherein the fixing part has a tapered shape overall in which the cross-sectional area thereof is reduced as it goes from the contact surface to a top end, thereby facilitating insertion thereof into the bone and improving fixing force. 10. The implant according to claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the wing has a tapered shape in the vertical direction in which the width thereof is reduced as it goes from the contact surface to a top end. 11. The implant according to claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the wing has a tapered shape in which the length thereof is reduced as it goes from the contact surface to a top end, thereby facilitating insertion thereof into the bone and improving fixing force. 12. The implant according to claim 11, wherein a portion in which a side surface of the fixing part is connected to the contact surface is formed to have a gentle curved surface to support a load and distribute stress, thereby preventing a fracture. 13. The implant according to claim 12, wherein a portion in which the side surface of the fixing part is connected to the top end is formed to have a gentle curved surface to facilitate insertion thereof into the bone. 14. The implant according to claim 13, wherein a portion in which two neighboring wings meet on the side surface of the fixing portion is formed to have a gentle curved surface to enable a natural connection and support the load. 15. The implant according to claim 14, wherein the fixing part is formed to extend a predetermined length upwards at a predetermined angle toward the posterior thereof, thereby facilitating insertion thereof into the bone. 16. The implant according to claim 15, further comprising a spike in the form of a horn, which is disposed in the posterior of the contact surface, so as to strengthen fixing force with the bone. 17. The implant according to claim 16, wherein a boundary portion between the spike and the contact surface has a boundary surface, which is a gentle curved surface connecting the same, to support a load and distribute stress, thereby preventing fracture. 18. The implant according to claim 17, wherein the implant is a tibial implant that is coupled to a tibia in artificial ankle joint arthroplasty. 19. The implant according to claim 18, wherein the lateral surface of the implant is formed to be a concave curved surface. 20. An implant that is implanted into a body, the implant comprising:
a body part having a contact surface in contact with a resected surface of a distal end of a tibia and a joint surface facing a joint; a fixing part extending a predetermined length upwards from the contact surface; and a blocking part extending a predetermined length upwards from the posterior of the body part. 21. The implant according to claim 20, wherein the blocking part is formed along a posterior boundary surface of the body part to prevent heterotopic ossification. 22. The implant according to claim 1, further comprising a blocking part extending a predetermined length upwards from the posterior of the body part. | 1,700 |
343,047 | 16,642,767 | 1,772 | A fibrous structure having the form of a band extending in a longitudinal direction (X) over a given length between a proximal part and a distal part and in a lateral direction (Y) over a given width between a first side edge and a second side edge, the fibrous structure having a three-dimensional or multilayer weave between a plurality of layers of warp yarns or strands extending longitudinally and a plurality of layers of weft yarns or strands extending laterally, wherein a first portion of the fibrous structure present between the proximal part and an intermediate part of the fibrous structure includes carbon fiber weft yarns or strands and wherein a second portion of the fibrous structure present between the intermediate part and the distal part includes glass fiber weft yarns or strands. | 1. A fibrous structure having the form of a band extending in a longitudinal direction over a given length between a proximal part and a distal part and in a lateral direction over a given width between a first side edge and a second side edge, the fibrous structure having a three-dimensional or multilayer weave between a plurality of layers of warp yarns or strands extending longitudinally and a plurality of layers of weft yarns or strands extending laterally,
wherein a first rigid portion of the fibrous structure present between the proximal part and an intermediate part of the fibrous structure comprises carbon fiber weft yarns or strands and in that a second elastically deformable portion of the fibrous structure present between the intermediate part and the distal part comprises glass fiber weft yarns or strands. 2. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass fiber weft yarns or strands in the second portion are present on the side of an outer face of the structure. 3. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein only a portion of the weft yarns or strands of the second portion are made of glass fibers, the other weft yarns or strands of the second portion being made of carbon fibers. 4. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising glass fiber warp yarns or strands present on the side of an outer face of the structure, the other warp yarns or strands of the fibrous structure being of carbon fibers. 5. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the glass fiber warp yarns or strands are present in a central zone laterally set back from the first and second side edges and which extends over a given width which is less than the width of said fibrous structure. 6. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber yarns or strands and the glass fiber yarns or strands present in the fibrous structure have a similar titer. 7. A fibrous preform for an aircraft casing comprising a winding over a plurality of turns of a fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, the first portion being located on the side of a radially inner face of the preform, and the second portion being located on the side of a radially outer face of the preform. 8. A gas turbine engine casing of a composite material, comprising a fibrous reinforcement consisting of a fibrous preform as claimed in claim 7, and a matrix densifying the fibrous reinforcement. 9. The casing as claimed in claim 8, wherein said casing is a gas turbine fan casing. 10. An aircraft gas turbine engine having a casing as claimed in claim 8. | A fibrous structure having the form of a band extending in a longitudinal direction (X) over a given length between a proximal part and a distal part and in a lateral direction (Y) over a given width between a first side edge and a second side edge, the fibrous structure having a three-dimensional or multilayer weave between a plurality of layers of warp yarns or strands extending longitudinally and a plurality of layers of weft yarns or strands extending laterally, wherein a first portion of the fibrous structure present between the proximal part and an intermediate part of the fibrous structure includes carbon fiber weft yarns or strands and wherein a second portion of the fibrous structure present between the intermediate part and the distal part includes glass fiber weft yarns or strands.1. A fibrous structure having the form of a band extending in a longitudinal direction over a given length between a proximal part and a distal part and in a lateral direction over a given width between a first side edge and a second side edge, the fibrous structure having a three-dimensional or multilayer weave between a plurality of layers of warp yarns or strands extending longitudinally and a plurality of layers of weft yarns or strands extending laterally,
wherein a first rigid portion of the fibrous structure present between the proximal part and an intermediate part of the fibrous structure comprises carbon fiber weft yarns or strands and in that a second elastically deformable portion of the fibrous structure present between the intermediate part and the distal part comprises glass fiber weft yarns or strands. 2. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass fiber weft yarns or strands in the second portion are present on the side of an outer face of the structure. 3. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein only a portion of the weft yarns or strands of the second portion are made of glass fibers, the other weft yarns or strands of the second portion being made of carbon fibers. 4. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising glass fiber warp yarns or strands present on the side of an outer face of the structure, the other warp yarns or strands of the fibrous structure being of carbon fibers. 5. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the glass fiber warp yarns or strands are present in a central zone laterally set back from the first and second side edges and which extends over a given width which is less than the width of said fibrous structure. 6. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber yarns or strands and the glass fiber yarns or strands present in the fibrous structure have a similar titer. 7. A fibrous preform for an aircraft casing comprising a winding over a plurality of turns of a fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1, the first portion being located on the side of a radially inner face of the preform, and the second portion being located on the side of a radially outer face of the preform. 8. A gas turbine engine casing of a composite material, comprising a fibrous reinforcement consisting of a fibrous preform as claimed in claim 7, and a matrix densifying the fibrous reinforcement. 9. The casing as claimed in claim 8, wherein said casing is a gas turbine fan casing. 10. An aircraft gas turbine engine having a casing as claimed in claim 8. | 1,700 |
343,048 | 16,642,779 | 2,883 | A cleaving mechanism (20) and related method is adapted to cleave an optical fiber (10) and thereby produce a cleaved end on the optical fiber. The cleaving mechanism (20) includes a fixture (40), a cleave tool (60) for cleaving the optical fiber, and a clamp assembly (80). The clamp assembly (80) may hold the optical fiber without substantial twisting of the optical fiber (10). The fixture and/or the clamp assembly (80) may include a pair of leaf springs (92) that contact and bend around the optical fiber (10) to secure the optical fiber (10) in a clamped position. | 1. A clamping mechanism (90) for use in an optical fiber cleaving system (20), the clamping system comprising:
a) a pair of oppositely facing leaf springs (92) between which an optical fiber can be clamped; b) a first clamping member (96) in contact with one of the leaf springs (92); c) a second clamping member (110) in contact with the other of the leaf springs (92); d) wherein when a clamping force is applied to one or both of the first and second clamping members (96, 110), the leaf springs (92) contact the optical fiber (10) and bend about the optical fiber (10). 2. The clamping mechanism (90) of claim 1, further comprising:
a) a spring for biasing the second clamping member (110) towards the second clamping member (96) to generate the clamping force and to place the clamping mechanism (90) in a clamped position. 3. The clamping mechanism (90) of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
a) an actuator (86) for retracting the second clamping member (110) away from the first clamping member (96) to place the clamping mechanism in an unclamped position. 4. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuator (86) is a voice coil. 5. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second clamping members (96, 110) each defines a pair of contact members (96 d, 110 b) separated by a recess area (96 e, 110 c). 6. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the recess areas (96 e, 110 c) each have a width (w1, w2) that is greater than a diameter of the optical fiber. 7. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first clamping member (96) is held in a rigid position and the second clamping member (110) is movable to place the clamping mechanism (90) in either the clamped position or the unclamped position. 8. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second clamping member (110) is received by and translates within an aperture (94 e) of a support block (94). 9. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the support block (94) is rigidly connected to the first clamping member (96). 10. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the support block (94) and the first clamping member (96) are aligned together by at least two alignment pins (102). 11. A clamping assembly (80) for use in an optical fiber cleaving system (20), the clamping assembly comprising:
a) a frame (82); b) a clamping mechanism (90) mounted to the frame, the clamping mechanism (90) including:
i. a pair of oppositely facing leaf springs (92) between which an optical fiber can be clamped;
ii. a first clamping member (96) in contact with one of the leaf springs (92);
iii. a second clamping member (110) in contact with the other of the leaf springs (92);
iv. wherein when a clamping force is applied to one or both of the first and second clamping members (96, 110), the leaf springs (92) contact the optical fiber (10) and bend about the optical fiber (10). 12. The clamping assembly (80) of claim 11, further comprising:
a) a spring for biasing the second clamping member (110) towards the second clamping member (96) to generate the clamping force and to place the clamping mechanism (90) in a clamped position. 13. The clamping assembly (80) of claim 11 or 12, further comprising:
a) an actuator (86) for retracting the second clamping member (110) away from the first clamping member (96) to place the clamping mechanism in an unclamped position. 14. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the actuator (86) is a voice coil. 15. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 14, wherein the first and second clamping members (96, 110) each defines a pair of contact members (96 d, 110 b) separated by a recess area (96 e, 110 c). 16. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the recess areas (96 e, 110 c) each have a width (w1, w2) that is greater than a diameter of the optical fiber. 17. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first clamping member (96) is held in a rigid position and the second clamping member (110) is movable to place the clamping mechanism (90) in either the clamped position or the unclamped position. 18. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 17, wherein the second clamping member (110) is received by and translates within an aperture (94 e) of a support block (94). 19. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 18, wherein the support block (94) is rigidly connected to the first clamping member (96). 20. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 19, wherein the support block (94) and the first clamping member (96) are aligned together by at least two alignment pins (102). 21. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 20, wherein the frame (82) includes a first part (82 a) and a second part (82 b) flexibly connected to the first part (82 a). 22. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 21, wherein the clamping mechanism (90) is rigidly mounted to the second part (82 b) and the first part (82 a) is rigidly mounted to another structure. 23. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 22, further comprising:
a) an actuator (86) extending between the first and second parts (82 a, 82 b), wherein when the actuator (86) is actuated, the second part (82 b) and the clamping mechanism (90) is moved relative to the first part (82 a). 24. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 1 to 23, further including a sensor (88) for measuring a distance that the first part (82 a) is moved relative to the first part (82 b) by the actuator (86). 25. A method for cleaving an optical fiber (10), the method comprising:
providing the optical fiber; holding the optical fiber with a fixture (40) at a first location of the optical fiber; clamping the optical fiber with a clamp (80) at a second location of the optical fiber without substantial twisting of the optical fiber between the first and the second locations, wherein leaf springs of the clamp (80) contact and bend around the optical fiber; and cleaving the optical fiber between the first and the second locations of the optical fiber with a cleave tool (60). 26. The method of claim 25, wherein a cleaving mechanism (20) includes the fixture, the clamp, and the cleave tool. 27. The method of claim 25 or 26, wherein the step of clamping the optical fiber includes clamping with the force of a spring. 28. The method of claims 25 to 27, further including the step of tensioning the optical fiber between the steps of clamping the optical fiber and cleaving the optical fiber. 29. A clamping mechanism (90) for use in an optical fiber cleaving system (20), the clamping system comprising:
(a) a pair of deflectable members between which an optical fiber can be clamped; (b) wherein when a clamping force is applied to one or both of the pair of deflectable members, the clamping members contact the optical fiber and deflect about the optical fiber. 30. The clamping mechanism of claim 29, wherein the deflectable members are leaf springs. 31. The clamping mechanism of claim 28 or 29, further comprising a pair of clamping members in contact with the pair of deflectable members. 32. The clamping mechanism of claim 31, wherein each of the clamping members has a pair of contact members separated by a central recess, the contact members being in surface contact with the deflectable members. 33. The clamping mechanism of claim 31 or 32 wherein at least one of the clamping members is actuated by an actuator to generate a clamping force between the pair of deflectable members. 34. The clamping mechanism of any of claims 31 to 33, further including a biasing member generating a biasing force to separate the pair of deflectable members. | A cleaving mechanism (20) and related method is adapted to cleave an optical fiber (10) and thereby produce a cleaved end on the optical fiber. The cleaving mechanism (20) includes a fixture (40), a cleave tool (60) for cleaving the optical fiber, and a clamp assembly (80). The clamp assembly (80) may hold the optical fiber without substantial twisting of the optical fiber (10). The fixture and/or the clamp assembly (80) may include a pair of leaf springs (92) that contact and bend around the optical fiber (10) to secure the optical fiber (10) in a clamped position.1. A clamping mechanism (90) for use in an optical fiber cleaving system (20), the clamping system comprising:
a) a pair of oppositely facing leaf springs (92) between which an optical fiber can be clamped; b) a first clamping member (96) in contact with one of the leaf springs (92); c) a second clamping member (110) in contact with the other of the leaf springs (92); d) wherein when a clamping force is applied to one or both of the first and second clamping members (96, 110), the leaf springs (92) contact the optical fiber (10) and bend about the optical fiber (10). 2. The clamping mechanism (90) of claim 1, further comprising:
a) a spring for biasing the second clamping member (110) towards the second clamping member (96) to generate the clamping force and to place the clamping mechanism (90) in a clamped position. 3. The clamping mechanism (90) of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
a) an actuator (86) for retracting the second clamping member (110) away from the first clamping member (96) to place the clamping mechanism in an unclamped position. 4. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuator (86) is a voice coil. 5. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second clamping members (96, 110) each defines a pair of contact members (96 d, 110 b) separated by a recess area (96 e, 110 c). 6. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the recess areas (96 e, 110 c) each have a width (w1, w2) that is greater than a diameter of the optical fiber. 7. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first clamping member (96) is held in a rigid position and the second clamping member (110) is movable to place the clamping mechanism (90) in either the clamped position or the unclamped position. 8. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second clamping member (110) is received by and translates within an aperture (94 e) of a support block (94). 9. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the support block (94) is rigidly connected to the first clamping member (96). 10. The clamping mechanism (90) of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the support block (94) and the first clamping member (96) are aligned together by at least two alignment pins (102). 11. A clamping assembly (80) for use in an optical fiber cleaving system (20), the clamping assembly comprising:
a) a frame (82); b) a clamping mechanism (90) mounted to the frame, the clamping mechanism (90) including:
i. a pair of oppositely facing leaf springs (92) between which an optical fiber can be clamped;
ii. a first clamping member (96) in contact with one of the leaf springs (92);
iii. a second clamping member (110) in contact with the other of the leaf springs (92);
iv. wherein when a clamping force is applied to one or both of the first and second clamping members (96, 110), the leaf springs (92) contact the optical fiber (10) and bend about the optical fiber (10). 12. The clamping assembly (80) of claim 11, further comprising:
a) a spring for biasing the second clamping member (110) towards the second clamping member (96) to generate the clamping force and to place the clamping mechanism (90) in a clamped position. 13. The clamping assembly (80) of claim 11 or 12, further comprising:
a) an actuator (86) for retracting the second clamping member (110) away from the first clamping member (96) to place the clamping mechanism in an unclamped position. 14. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the actuator (86) is a voice coil. 15. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 14, wherein the first and second clamping members (96, 110) each defines a pair of contact members (96 d, 110 b) separated by a recess area (96 e, 110 c). 16. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the recess areas (96 e, 110 c) each have a width (w1, w2) that is greater than a diameter of the optical fiber. 17. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first clamping member (96) is held in a rigid position and the second clamping member (110) is movable to place the clamping mechanism (90) in either the clamped position or the unclamped position. 18. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 17, wherein the second clamping member (110) is received by and translates within an aperture (94 e) of a support block (94). 19. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 18, wherein the support block (94) is rigidly connected to the first clamping member (96). 20. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 19, wherein the support block (94) and the first clamping member (96) are aligned together by at least two alignment pins (102). 21. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 20, wherein the frame (82) includes a first part (82 a) and a second part (82 b) flexibly connected to the first part (82 a). 22. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 21, wherein the clamping mechanism (90) is rigidly mounted to the second part (82 b) and the first part (82 a) is rigidly mounted to another structure. 23. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 11 to 22, further comprising:
a) an actuator (86) extending between the first and second parts (82 a, 82 b), wherein when the actuator (86) is actuated, the second part (82 b) and the clamping mechanism (90) is moved relative to the first part (82 a). 24. The clamping assembly (80) of any of claims 1 to 23, further including a sensor (88) for measuring a distance that the first part (82 a) is moved relative to the first part (82 b) by the actuator (86). 25. A method for cleaving an optical fiber (10), the method comprising:
providing the optical fiber; holding the optical fiber with a fixture (40) at a first location of the optical fiber; clamping the optical fiber with a clamp (80) at a second location of the optical fiber without substantial twisting of the optical fiber between the first and the second locations, wherein leaf springs of the clamp (80) contact and bend around the optical fiber; and cleaving the optical fiber between the first and the second locations of the optical fiber with a cleave tool (60). 26. The method of claim 25, wherein a cleaving mechanism (20) includes the fixture, the clamp, and the cleave tool. 27. The method of claim 25 or 26, wherein the step of clamping the optical fiber includes clamping with the force of a spring. 28. The method of claims 25 to 27, further including the step of tensioning the optical fiber between the steps of clamping the optical fiber and cleaving the optical fiber. 29. A clamping mechanism (90) for use in an optical fiber cleaving system (20), the clamping system comprising:
(a) a pair of deflectable members between which an optical fiber can be clamped; (b) wherein when a clamping force is applied to one or both of the pair of deflectable members, the clamping members contact the optical fiber and deflect about the optical fiber. 30. The clamping mechanism of claim 29, wherein the deflectable members are leaf springs. 31. The clamping mechanism of claim 28 or 29, further comprising a pair of clamping members in contact with the pair of deflectable members. 32. The clamping mechanism of claim 31, wherein each of the clamping members has a pair of contact members separated by a central recess, the contact members being in surface contact with the deflectable members. 33. The clamping mechanism of claim 31 or 32 wherein at least one of the clamping members is actuated by an actuator to generate a clamping force between the pair of deflectable members. 34. The clamping mechanism of any of claims 31 to 33, further including a biasing member generating a biasing force to separate the pair of deflectable members. | 2,800 |
343,049 | 16,642,780 | 2,883 | Provided is a flexographic printing plate having improved abrasion resistance in addition to the appropriate elasticity (softness) required from a flexographic printing plate. The present invention is a block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material, the block copolymer comprising at least two polymer blocks having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; and at least one polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, wherein the amount of the aromatic vinyl monomer introduced into the polymer block having a conjugated diene block as a main constituent is 25% to 50% by weight of the content of all aromatic vinyl monomers to be bonded in the block copolymer. | 1. A block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material, the block copolymer comprising at least two polymer blocks each having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; and at least one polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent and having an aromatic vinyl monomer randomly inserted therein, wherein an amount of the aromatic vinyl monomer introduced in the polymer block having a conjugated diene block as a main constituent is 25% to 50% by weight of the content of all aromatic vinyl monomers to be bonded in the block copolymer, an amount of the aromatic vinyl monomers in the block copolymer is 30% to 50% by weight, and a type A hardness measured according to JIS K6253 with a type A durometer is 80 or less. 2. The block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material according to claim 1, wherein a toluene-insoluble fraction is 30 ppm or less. 3. The block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material according to claim 1, wherein a wear volume obtainable according to the method described in JIS K 6264-2 by using a specimen produced from a photosensitive composition obtained by mixing 60 parts by weight of the block copolymer, 35 parts by weight of liquid polybutadiene, 4.4 parts by weight of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and 0.6 parts by weight of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone formed into a size of a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 120 mm, exposing both surfaces of the specimen to ultraviolet radiation for 30 minutes, and then using a Taber's abrasion testing machine with a grinding wheel H22 under the conditions of a load of 1 kg, a speed of rotation of 60 rpm, and a number of rotations of 1,000, is 35 mm3 or less. 4. A method for producing the block copolymer according to claim 1, the block copolymer being a block copolymer comprising at least two polymer blocks each having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; and at least one polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, the method comprising a step of forming a polymer block having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; a step of subsequently forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent; and a step of forming a polymer block having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent, wherein in the step of forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, an aromatic vinyl monomer is introduced in sequence or continuously in addition to the conjugated diene monomer to carried out copolymerization. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent is carried out in the presence of a randomizing agent. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step of forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, a mixture of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a conjugated diene monomer is introduced. | Provided is a flexographic printing plate having improved abrasion resistance in addition to the appropriate elasticity (softness) required from a flexographic printing plate. The present invention is a block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material, the block copolymer comprising at least two polymer blocks having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; and at least one polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, wherein the amount of the aromatic vinyl monomer introduced into the polymer block having a conjugated diene block as a main constituent is 25% to 50% by weight of the content of all aromatic vinyl monomers to be bonded in the block copolymer.1. A block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material, the block copolymer comprising at least two polymer blocks each having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; and at least one polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent and having an aromatic vinyl monomer randomly inserted therein, wherein an amount of the aromatic vinyl monomer introduced in the polymer block having a conjugated diene block as a main constituent is 25% to 50% by weight of the content of all aromatic vinyl monomers to be bonded in the block copolymer, an amount of the aromatic vinyl monomers in the block copolymer is 30% to 50% by weight, and a type A hardness measured according to JIS K6253 with a type A durometer is 80 or less. 2. The block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material according to claim 1, wherein a toluene-insoluble fraction is 30 ppm or less. 3. The block copolymer for a photosensitive printing plate material according to claim 1, wherein a wear volume obtainable according to the method described in JIS K 6264-2 by using a specimen produced from a photosensitive composition obtained by mixing 60 parts by weight of the block copolymer, 35 parts by weight of liquid polybutadiene, 4.4 parts by weight of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and 0.6 parts by weight of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone formed into a size of a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 120 mm, exposing both surfaces of the specimen to ultraviolet radiation for 30 minutes, and then using a Taber's abrasion testing machine with a grinding wheel H22 under the conditions of a load of 1 kg, a speed of rotation of 60 rpm, and a number of rotations of 1,000, is 35 mm3 or less. 4. A method for producing the block copolymer according to claim 1, the block copolymer being a block copolymer comprising at least two polymer blocks each having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; and at least one polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, the method comprising a step of forming a polymer block having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent; a step of subsequently forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent; and a step of forming a polymer block having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a main constituent, wherein in the step of forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, an aromatic vinyl monomer is introduced in sequence or continuously in addition to the conjugated diene monomer to carried out copolymerization. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent is carried out in the presence of a randomizing agent. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step of forming a polymer block having a conjugated diene monomer as a main constituent, a mixture of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a conjugated diene monomer is introduced. | 2,800 |
343,050 | 16,642,805 | 2,883 | A load operating device includes a power supply device which is detachable from a load and can supply power to the load in a state of being attached to the load and an electrical connection device which is provided integrally with the load and electrically connects the power supply device and the load in a state where the power supply device is attached to the load. The power supply device has a capacitor which stores power to be supplied to the load and a processing unit in which a power supply circuit from the capacitor to the processing unit via the electrical connection device is established in a state where the power supply device is electrically connected to the electrical connection device. | 1. A load operating device which includes a power supply device which is detachable from a load and can supply power to the load in a state of being attached to the load and an electrical connection device which is provided integrally with the load and electrically connects the power supply device and the load in a state where the power supply device is attached to the load, wherein
the power supply device includes a capacitor which stores power to be supplied to the load, and a processing unit in which a power supply circuit from the capacitor to the processing unit via the electrical connection device is established in a state where the power supply device is electrically connected to the electrical connection device, the load includes an internal combustion engine having an electronically controlled fuel injection device and a power generation unit which generates power by operation of the internal combustion engine, the electrical connection device includes a relay circuit which opens or closes a power supply path from the capacitor of the power supply device attached to the load, to the load, and the relay circuit opens the power supply path when an output voltage of the power generation unit exceeds a voltage applied from the power supply device to the load. 2. (canceled) 3. The load operating device according to claim 1, wherein
the processing unit of the power supply device is supplied with power from the load via the electrical connection device when the output voltage of the power generation unit exceeds the voltage applied from the power supply device to the load. 4. The load operating device according to claim 1, wherein
the load operates at a voltage higher than an output voltage of the capacitor, and the electrical connection device includes a booster circuit for boosting the output voltage of the capacitor. 5. (canceled) 6. The load operating device according to claim 3, wherein
the load operates at a voltage higher than an output voltage of the capacitor, and the electrical connection device includes a booster circuit for boosting the output voltage of the capacitor. | A load operating device includes a power supply device which is detachable from a load and can supply power to the load in a state of being attached to the load and an electrical connection device which is provided integrally with the load and electrically connects the power supply device and the load in a state where the power supply device is attached to the load. The power supply device has a capacitor which stores power to be supplied to the load and a processing unit in which a power supply circuit from the capacitor to the processing unit via the electrical connection device is established in a state where the power supply device is electrically connected to the electrical connection device.1. A load operating device which includes a power supply device which is detachable from a load and can supply power to the load in a state of being attached to the load and an electrical connection device which is provided integrally with the load and electrically connects the power supply device and the load in a state where the power supply device is attached to the load, wherein
the power supply device includes a capacitor which stores power to be supplied to the load, and a processing unit in which a power supply circuit from the capacitor to the processing unit via the electrical connection device is established in a state where the power supply device is electrically connected to the electrical connection device, the load includes an internal combustion engine having an electronically controlled fuel injection device and a power generation unit which generates power by operation of the internal combustion engine, the electrical connection device includes a relay circuit which opens or closes a power supply path from the capacitor of the power supply device attached to the load, to the load, and the relay circuit opens the power supply path when an output voltage of the power generation unit exceeds a voltage applied from the power supply device to the load. 2. (canceled) 3. The load operating device according to claim 1, wherein
the processing unit of the power supply device is supplied with power from the load via the electrical connection device when the output voltage of the power generation unit exceeds the voltage applied from the power supply device to the load. 4. The load operating device according to claim 1, wherein
the load operates at a voltage higher than an output voltage of the capacitor, and the electrical connection device includes a booster circuit for boosting the output voltage of the capacitor. 5. (canceled) 6. The load operating device according to claim 3, wherein
the load operates at a voltage higher than an output voltage of the capacitor, and the electrical connection device includes a booster circuit for boosting the output voltage of the capacitor. | 2,800 |
343,051 | 16,642,813 | 2,883 | The disclosure provides compositions and methods for high-throughput screening a plurality of transposases to identify rare mutations that affect desired features of the transposase. Compositions of the disclosures are provided that facilitate the high-throughput screening methods of the disclosure. | 1. A method of screening a plurality of transposases, comprising:
(a) contacting a first transposase with a first nucleic acid sample under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a first oligonucleotide comprising a first end sequence, thereby generating a first transposed nucleic acid sample having a first plurality of insertion sites of the first end sequence; (b) contacting a second transposase with a second nucleic acid sample under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a second oligonucleotide comprising a second end sequence, thereby generating a second transposed nucleic acid sample, the second transposase having an amino acid sequence different from the first transposase by at least one amino acid having a second plurality of insertion sites; (c) sequencing at least a portion of the first plurality of insertion sites of the first transposed nucleic acid sample, thereby generating a first set of sequencing reads, each of the first set of sequencing reads comprising one of the insertion sites of the first end sequence; (d) sequencing at least a portion of the second plurality of insertion sites of the second transposed nucleic acid sample, thereby generating a second set of sequencing reads, each of the second set of sequencing reads comprising one of the insertion sites of the second end sequence; (e) comparing the first set of sequencing reads with the second set of sequencing reads; and (f) assigning a probability that the second transposase is significantly different from the first transposase based on the step (e) of comparing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (e) of comparing comprises:
(a) calculating the frequency of each possible nucleotide base at each nucleotide position for the first set of sequencing reads, thereby generating a first set of frequency values; (b) calculating the frequency of each possible nucleotide base at each nucleotide position for the second set of sequencing reads, thereby generating a second set of frequency values; (c) calculating an absolute difference between the first set of frequency values and the second set of frequency values for each possible nucleotide base at each nucleotide position, thereby generating a set of absolute difference values; and (d) averaging each of the absolute difference values, thereby determining an inter-motif distance. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (f) of assigning comprises:
(a) generating an inter-motif distance probability plot defined by simulated random sequence reads; and (b) assigning the probability value that the second transposase is significantly different from the first transposase based on each of the inter-motif distance determined in the step (e) and the inter-motif distance probability plot. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (e) of comparing comprises:
(a) calculating a first sequencing depth of coverage at segments of defined length within a first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the first plurality of insertion sites in the first transposed nucleic acid sample; (b) calculating a second sequencing depth of coverage at segments of defined length within a first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the second plurality of insertion sites in the second transposed nucleic acid sample; and (c) comparing the first sequencing depth of coverage with the second sequencing depth of coverage. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step (f) of assigning comprises:
(a) performing at least one of a Mann-Whitney test for differences in means, a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test for different distribution shapes, a parametric test, a non-parametric test, a visual inspection of shape differences, and a percentile-based metric calculation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (e) of comparing comprises:
(a) calculating a first fractional GC content for a nucleic acid segment of a defined length in a first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the first plurality of insertion sites in the first transposed nucleic acid sample; (b) calculating a second fractional GC content for a nucleic acid segment of a defined length in the first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the second insertion sites in the second transposed nucleic acid sample; and (c) identifying a difference between the first fractional GC content and the second fractional GC content. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step (f) of assigning comprises:
(a) performing at least one of a Mann-Whitney test for differences in means, a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test for different distribution shapes, a parametric test, a non-parametric test, a visual inspection of shape differences, and a percentile-based metric calculation. 8. A composition comprising
(a) a nucleic acid comprising from 5′ to 3′, (b) a first transposon end sequence, (c) a unique identifier (UID) barcode, and (d) a second transposon end sequence,
(i) wherein the nucleic acid is capable of transposition, and
(e) a unique nucleic acid sequence encoding a transposase. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid comprising from 5′ to 3′ further comprises a selectable marker located between the unique identifier (UID) barcode and the second transposon end sequence. 10. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode is associated with the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid comprising elements (a) through (c) does not comprise the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein a first vector comprises the nucleic acid comprising elements (a) through (c) and a second vector comprises the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid comprising elements (a) through (c) further comprises the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase is located 5′ of the first transposon end sequence. 15. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 5 and 200 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 16. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 10 and 100 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 17. The composition of any one of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 10 and 50 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 18. The composition of any one of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 15 and 25 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 19. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 4 and 25 base pairs, inclusive of endpoints. 20. The composition of any one of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode is correlated with the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 21. The composition of any one of claims 8-20, wherein the transposase is a wild type transposase. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the wild type transposase is isolated or derived from any species. 23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type TnAa-transposase. 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the wild-type TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 25. The composition of claim 21, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type Tn5-transposase. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the wild type Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 27. The composition of any one of claims 8-20, wherein the transposase is a mutant transposase. 28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase has an increased transposase activity relative to the wild type transposase. 29. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase has a reduced insertion site bias compared to the wild type transposase. 30. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase comprises at least one known or naturally-occurring mutation. 31. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant TnAa-transposase. 32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K or M50A. 33. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K. 34. The composition of claim 33, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 35. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises M50A. 36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 37. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K and M50A. 38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 39. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant Tn5-transposase. 40. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase comprises a mutation at a position that is functionally equivalent to position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466 in a Tn5 transposase, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 41. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises a mutation at position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 42. The composition of claim 41, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises R30Q, K40Q, Y41H, T47P, E54K, E54V, M56A, R62Q, D97A, E110K, D188A, K212M, Y319A, R322A, R322K, E326A, K330A, K330R, K333A, K333R, R342A, R344A, E345K, N348A, L372P, S438A, K438A, S445A, G462D or A466D, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 43. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A or L372P, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 44. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A and L372P, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 45. The composition of claim 44, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 46. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises K212M, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 47. The composition of any one of claims 8-20, wherein the transposase is a mutagenized transposase. 48. The composition of claim 47, wherein the mutagenized transposase comprises at least one non-naturally occurring mutation. 49. The composition of claim 47, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase or a sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase has been
(a) exposed to a mutagen or (b) subjected to random mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis, or a combination thereof. 50. The composition of claim 49, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase or the sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase that has been mutagenized is a sequence encoding a wild type transposase. 51. The composition of claim 50, wherein the sequence encoding a wild type transposase or the wild type transposase is isolated or derived from any species. 52. The composition of claim 50, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type TnAa-transposase. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the wild-type TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 54. The composition of claim 51, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type Tn5-transposase. 55. The composition of claim 54, wherein the wild type Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 56. The composition of claim 49, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase or the sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase that has been mutagenized is a sequence encoding a mutant transposase. 57. The composition of claim 56, wherein the sequence encoding a mutant transposase or the mutant transposase is isolated or derived from any species. 58. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase has an increased transposase activity relative to the wild type transposase. 59. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase has a reduced insertion site bias compared to the wild type transposase. 60. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase comprises at least one known or naturally-occurring mutation. 61. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant TnAa-transposase. 62. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K or M50A of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 63. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 64. The composition of claim 63, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 65. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises M50A of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 67. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K and M50A of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 68. The composition of claim 67, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 69. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant Tn5-transposase. 70. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase comprises a mutation at a position that is functionally equivalent to position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466 in a Tn5 transposase, according to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 71. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises a mutation at position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466 of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 72. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises R30Q, K40Q, Y41H, T47P, E54K, E54V, M56A, R62Q, D97A, E110K, D188A, K212M, Y319A, R322A, R322K, E326A, K330A, K330R, K333A, K333R, R342A, R344A, E345K, N348A, L372P, S438A, K438A, S445A, G462D or A466D of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 73. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A or L372P of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 74. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A and L372P of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 75. The composition of claim 74, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 76. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises K212M of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 77. The composition of claim 49, wherein the mutagen is a physical mutagen. 78. The composition of claim 77, wherein the physical mutagen is ionizing radiation. 79. The composition of claim 77, wherein the physical mutagen is ultraviolet radiation. 80. The composition of claim 49, wherein the mutagen is a chemical mutagen. 81. The composition of claim 80, wherein the chemical mutagen is a reactive oxygen species, a metal, a deaminating agent or an alkylating agent. 82. The composition of claim 49, wherein the random mutagenesis comprises
(a) contacting a sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase with a physical mutagen and/or a chemical mutagen, (b) subjecting the sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase to error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). 83. The composition of claim 82, wherein the physical mutagen is ultraviolent radiation. 84. The composition of claim 82, wherein the chemical mutagen comprises an alkylating agent. 85. The composition of claim 84, wherein the alkylating agent comprises N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). 86. The composition of claim 82, wherein the chemical mutagen comprises ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). 87. The composition of claim 8, wherein the selectable marker is an antibiotic resistance gene. 88. A vector comprising the composition of claims 8-20. 89. A cell comprising the composition of claims 8-20. 90. A cell comprising the vector of claim 88. 91. The cell of claim 89, wherein the cell is a bacterium. 92. A method of screening a plurality of transposases, comprising:
(a) introducing a plurality of compositions according to claims 1-79 into a plurality of cells under conditions suitable for at least one cell of the plurality of cells is transformed by at least one composition of the plurality of compositions, wherein the plurality of transposases comprise wild type, mutant or mutagenized forms of the at least one transposase; (b) expressing at least one transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence; (c) sequencing a nucleic acid sequence at an insertion site of the transposed nucleic acid in (b) comprising an insertion site repeat, the first end sequence and the UID barcode; (d) generating an insertion site consensus sequence for each transposase of the plurality of transposases, and (e) selecting a first transposase having an insertion site consensus sequence that is distinct from an insertion site consensus sequence of a second transposase. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a wildtype form of the same transposase. 94. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a mutant form of the same transposase. 95. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a mutagenized form of the same transposase. 96. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a wild type transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a wild type transposase. 97. The method of claim 92, wherein the expressing step (b) comprises expressing each transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence. 98. The method of claim 92, wherein the expressing step (b) comprises transiently expressing the at least one transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence. 99. The method of claim 92, wherein the expressing step (b) comprises transiently expressing the each transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence. 100. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of cells comprises a plurality of bacterial cells. 101. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 100 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 102. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 500 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 103. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 1000 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 104. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 5000 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 105. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 10,000 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 106. The method of claim 92, wherein a vector comprises each composition of the plurality of compositions. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein a vector comprises a plasmid, an expression vector, or a viral vector. 108. The method of claim 107, wherein a vector does not replicate inside the cell. 109. The method of claim 106, wherein a vector comprises a constitutive promoter and the composition is under control of the constitutive promoter. 110. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises two or more wild type transposases. 111. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises two or more of wild type, mutant and mutagenized forms of the same transposase. 112. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises wild type and mutagenized forms of the same transposase. 113. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises wild type, mutant and mutagenized forms of the same transposase. 114. The method of claim 92, wherein the sequencing is next generation sequencing (NGS). 115. The method of claim 92, further comprising the step of analyzing at least one feature of the selected first transposase of (e). 116. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) inducing transposition of a nucleic acid comprising a first end sequence, a UID barcode, and a second transposon end sequence, wherein the transposition is mediated by the selected mutagenized transposase of (e) and the UID barcode is associated with the selected first transposase of (e), (b) inducing transposition of a nucleic acid comprising a first end sequence, a UID barcode, and a second transposon end sequence, wherein the transposition is mediated by a wild type form of the selected mutagenized transposase of (e) and the UID barcode is associated with the second transposase, (c) measuring either a transposase activity or the transposition frequency of each of the selected first transposase of (e) and the second transposase, and (d) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having increased transposase activity and/or increased transposition frequency compared to the second transposase or (e) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having decreased transposase activity and/or decreased transposition frequency compared to the second transposase. 117. The method of claim 116, wherein the selected first transposase is a hyperactive transposase. 118. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) aligning the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase of (e) with an insertion site consensus sequence of the second transposase of (e) and (b) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a greater number of variable positions or (c) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having an increased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a lesser number of variable positions. 119. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) aligning the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase of (e) with an insertion site consensus sequence of the second transposase of (e) and (b) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains an increased sequence variation at one or more positions or (c) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having an increased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a decreased sequence variation at one or more positions. 120. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) aligning the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase of (e) with an insertion site consensus sequence of the second transposase of (e) and (b) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains an increased sequence variation at one or more positions or (c) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having an increased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a decreased sequence variation at one or more positions. 121. The method of claim 115, wherein the selected first transposase is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase is a wild type form of the mutagenized transposase. 122. The method of claim 115, wherein the selected first transposase of (e) has a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase. 123. The method of claim 115, wherein the selected first transposase of (e) has a desired feature that is not present the second transposase. 124. The method of claim 92, wherein the selected first transposase is a mutagenized transposase, further comprising identifying at least one mutation within the selected first transposase of (e) or a sequence thereof. 125. The method of claim 92, wherein the selected first transposase is a mutagenized transposase, further comprising identifying each mutation within the selected first transposase of (e) or a sequence thereof. 126. The method of claim 124 or 125, wherein the sequence is an amino acid sequence of the selected first transposase of (e). 127. The method of claim 124 or 125, wherein the sequence is a nucleic acid sequence encoding the selected first transposase of (e). 128. The method of claim 124 or 125, wherein the identifying comprises sequencing the nucleic acid sequence encoding the selected first transposase of (e). | The disclosure provides compositions and methods for high-throughput screening a plurality of transposases to identify rare mutations that affect desired features of the transposase. Compositions of the disclosures are provided that facilitate the high-throughput screening methods of the disclosure.1. A method of screening a plurality of transposases, comprising:
(a) contacting a first transposase with a first nucleic acid sample under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a first oligonucleotide comprising a first end sequence, thereby generating a first transposed nucleic acid sample having a first plurality of insertion sites of the first end sequence; (b) contacting a second transposase with a second nucleic acid sample under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a second oligonucleotide comprising a second end sequence, thereby generating a second transposed nucleic acid sample, the second transposase having an amino acid sequence different from the first transposase by at least one amino acid having a second plurality of insertion sites; (c) sequencing at least a portion of the first plurality of insertion sites of the first transposed nucleic acid sample, thereby generating a first set of sequencing reads, each of the first set of sequencing reads comprising one of the insertion sites of the first end sequence; (d) sequencing at least a portion of the second plurality of insertion sites of the second transposed nucleic acid sample, thereby generating a second set of sequencing reads, each of the second set of sequencing reads comprising one of the insertion sites of the second end sequence; (e) comparing the first set of sequencing reads with the second set of sequencing reads; and (f) assigning a probability that the second transposase is significantly different from the first transposase based on the step (e) of comparing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (e) of comparing comprises:
(a) calculating the frequency of each possible nucleotide base at each nucleotide position for the first set of sequencing reads, thereby generating a first set of frequency values; (b) calculating the frequency of each possible nucleotide base at each nucleotide position for the second set of sequencing reads, thereby generating a second set of frequency values; (c) calculating an absolute difference between the first set of frequency values and the second set of frequency values for each possible nucleotide base at each nucleotide position, thereby generating a set of absolute difference values; and (d) averaging each of the absolute difference values, thereby determining an inter-motif distance. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (f) of assigning comprises:
(a) generating an inter-motif distance probability plot defined by simulated random sequence reads; and (b) assigning the probability value that the second transposase is significantly different from the first transposase based on each of the inter-motif distance determined in the step (e) and the inter-motif distance probability plot. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (e) of comparing comprises:
(a) calculating a first sequencing depth of coverage at segments of defined length within a first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the first plurality of insertion sites in the first transposed nucleic acid sample; (b) calculating a second sequencing depth of coverage at segments of defined length within a first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the second plurality of insertion sites in the second transposed nucleic acid sample; and (c) comparing the first sequencing depth of coverage with the second sequencing depth of coverage. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step (f) of assigning comprises:
(a) performing at least one of a Mann-Whitney test for differences in means, a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test for different distribution shapes, a parametric test, a non-parametric test, a visual inspection of shape differences, and a percentile-based metric calculation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (e) of comparing comprises:
(a) calculating a first fractional GC content for a nucleic acid segment of a defined length in a first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the first plurality of insertion sites in the first transposed nucleic acid sample; (b) calculating a second fractional GC content for a nucleic acid segment of a defined length in the first reference nucleic acid sample at positions corresponding to the second insertion sites in the second transposed nucleic acid sample; and (c) identifying a difference between the first fractional GC content and the second fractional GC content. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step (f) of assigning comprises:
(a) performing at least one of a Mann-Whitney test for differences in means, a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test for different distribution shapes, a parametric test, a non-parametric test, a visual inspection of shape differences, and a percentile-based metric calculation. 8. A composition comprising
(a) a nucleic acid comprising from 5′ to 3′, (b) a first transposon end sequence, (c) a unique identifier (UID) barcode, and (d) a second transposon end sequence,
(i) wherein the nucleic acid is capable of transposition, and
(e) a unique nucleic acid sequence encoding a transposase. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid comprising from 5′ to 3′ further comprises a selectable marker located between the unique identifier (UID) barcode and the second transposon end sequence. 10. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode is associated with the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid comprising elements (a) through (c) does not comprise the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein a first vector comprises the nucleic acid comprising elements (a) through (c) and a second vector comprises the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid comprising elements (a) through (c) further comprises the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase is located 5′ of the first transposon end sequence. 15. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 5 and 200 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 16. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 10 and 100 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 17. The composition of any one of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 10 and 50 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 18. The composition of any one of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 15 and 25 base pairs, inclusive of the endpoints. 19. The composition of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode comprises between 4 and 25 base pairs, inclusive of endpoints. 20. The composition of any one of claim 8, wherein the UID barcode is correlated with the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the transposase. 21. The composition of any one of claims 8-20, wherein the transposase is a wild type transposase. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the wild type transposase is isolated or derived from any species. 23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type TnAa-transposase. 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the wild-type TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 25. The composition of claim 21, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type Tn5-transposase. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the wild type Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 27. The composition of any one of claims 8-20, wherein the transposase is a mutant transposase. 28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase has an increased transposase activity relative to the wild type transposase. 29. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase has a reduced insertion site bias compared to the wild type transposase. 30. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase comprises at least one known or naturally-occurring mutation. 31. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant TnAa-transposase. 32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K or M50A. 33. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K. 34. The composition of claim 33, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 35. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises M50A. 36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 37. The composition of claim 31, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K and M50A. 38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 39. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant Tn5-transposase. 40. The composition of claim 27, wherein the mutant transposase comprises a mutation at a position that is functionally equivalent to position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466 in a Tn5 transposase, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 41. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises a mutation at position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 42. The composition of claim 41, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises R30Q, K40Q, Y41H, T47P, E54K, E54V, M56A, R62Q, D97A, E110K, D188A, K212M, Y319A, R322A, R322K, E326A, K330A, K330R, K333A, K333R, R342A, R344A, E345K, N348A, L372P, S438A, K438A, S445A, G462D or A466D, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 43. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A or L372P, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 44. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A and L372P, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 45. The composition of claim 44, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 46. The composition of claim 39, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises K212M, according to the numbering of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 47. The composition of any one of claims 8-20, wherein the transposase is a mutagenized transposase. 48. The composition of claim 47, wherein the mutagenized transposase comprises at least one non-naturally occurring mutation. 49. The composition of claim 47, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase or a sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase has been
(a) exposed to a mutagen or (b) subjected to random mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis, or a combination thereof. 50. The composition of claim 49, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase or the sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase that has been mutagenized is a sequence encoding a wild type transposase. 51. The composition of claim 50, wherein the sequence encoding a wild type transposase or the wild type transposase is isolated or derived from any species. 52. The composition of claim 50, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type TnAa-transposase. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the wild-type TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 54. The composition of claim 51, wherein the wild type transposase is a wild-type Tn5-transposase. 55. The composition of claim 54, wherein the wild type Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 56. The composition of claim 49, wherein the unique nucleic acid sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase or the sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase that has been mutagenized is a sequence encoding a mutant transposase. 57. The composition of claim 56, wherein the sequence encoding a mutant transposase or the mutant transposase is isolated or derived from any species. 58. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase has an increased transposase activity relative to the wild type transposase. 59. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase has a reduced insertion site bias compared to the wild type transposase. 60. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase comprises at least one known or naturally-occurring mutation. 61. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant TnAa-transposase. 62. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K or M50A of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 63. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 64. The composition of claim 63, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 65. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises M50A of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 67. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises P47K and M50A of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. 68. The composition of claim 67, wherein the mutant TnAa-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 69. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase is a mutant Tn5-transposase. 70. The composition of claim 56, wherein the mutant transposase comprises a mutation at a position that is functionally equivalent to position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466 in a Tn5 transposase, according to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 71. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises a mutation at position 30, 40, 41, 47, 54, 56, 62, 97, 110, 188, 212, 319, 322, 326, 330, 333, 342, 344, 345, 348, 372, 438, 445, 462, or 466 of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 72. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises R30Q, K40Q, Y41H, T47P, E54K, E54V, M56A, R62Q, D97A, E110K, D188A, K212M, Y319A, R322A, R322K, E326A, K330A, K330R, K333A, K333R, R342A, R344A, E345K, N348A, L372P, S438A, K438A, S445A, G462D or A466D of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 73. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A or L372P of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 74. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises E54K, M56A and L372P of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 75. The composition of claim 74, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 76. The composition of claim 61, wherein the mutant Tn5-transposase comprises K212M of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 17. 77. The composition of claim 49, wherein the mutagen is a physical mutagen. 78. The composition of claim 77, wherein the physical mutagen is ionizing radiation. 79. The composition of claim 77, wherein the physical mutagen is ultraviolet radiation. 80. The composition of claim 49, wherein the mutagen is a chemical mutagen. 81. The composition of claim 80, wherein the chemical mutagen is a reactive oxygen species, a metal, a deaminating agent or an alkylating agent. 82. The composition of claim 49, wherein the random mutagenesis comprises
(a) contacting a sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase with a physical mutagen and/or a chemical mutagen, (b) subjecting the sequence encoding the mutagenized transposase to error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). 83. The composition of claim 82, wherein the physical mutagen is ultraviolent radiation. 84. The composition of claim 82, wherein the chemical mutagen comprises an alkylating agent. 85. The composition of claim 84, wherein the alkylating agent comprises N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). 86. The composition of claim 82, wherein the chemical mutagen comprises ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). 87. The composition of claim 8, wherein the selectable marker is an antibiotic resistance gene. 88. A vector comprising the composition of claims 8-20. 89. A cell comprising the composition of claims 8-20. 90. A cell comprising the vector of claim 88. 91. The cell of claim 89, wherein the cell is a bacterium. 92. A method of screening a plurality of transposases, comprising:
(a) introducing a plurality of compositions according to claims 1-79 into a plurality of cells under conditions suitable for at least one cell of the plurality of cells is transformed by at least one composition of the plurality of compositions, wherein the plurality of transposases comprise wild type, mutant or mutagenized forms of the at least one transposase; (b) expressing at least one transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence; (c) sequencing a nucleic acid sequence at an insertion site of the transposed nucleic acid in (b) comprising an insertion site repeat, the first end sequence and the UID barcode; (d) generating an insertion site consensus sequence for each transposase of the plurality of transposases, and (e) selecting a first transposase having an insertion site consensus sequence that is distinct from an insertion site consensus sequence of a second transposase. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a wildtype form of the same transposase. 94. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a mutant form of the same transposase. 95. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a mutagenized form of the same transposase. 96. The method of claim 92, wherein the first transposase of (e) is a wild type transposase and the second transposase of (e) is a wild type transposase. 97. The method of claim 92, wherein the expressing step (b) comprises expressing each transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence. 98. The method of claim 92, wherein the expressing step (b) comprises transiently expressing the at least one transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence. 99. The method of claim 92, wherein the expressing step (b) comprises transiently expressing the each transposase of the plurality of transposases under conditions sufficient to induce transposition of a nucleic acid comprising the first end sequence, the UID barcode, the selectable marker and the second transposon end sequence. 100. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of cells comprises a plurality of bacterial cells. 101. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 100 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 102. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 500 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 103. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 1000 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 104. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 5000 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 105. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises at least 10,000 transposases and wherein each transposase of the plurality of transposases is encoded by a unique nucleic acid sequence. 106. The method of claim 92, wherein a vector comprises each composition of the plurality of compositions. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein a vector comprises a plasmid, an expression vector, or a viral vector. 108. The method of claim 107, wherein a vector does not replicate inside the cell. 109. The method of claim 106, wherein a vector comprises a constitutive promoter and the composition is under control of the constitutive promoter. 110. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises two or more wild type transposases. 111. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises two or more of wild type, mutant and mutagenized forms of the same transposase. 112. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises wild type and mutagenized forms of the same transposase. 113. The method of claim 92, wherein the plurality of transposases comprises wild type, mutant and mutagenized forms of the same transposase. 114. The method of claim 92, wherein the sequencing is next generation sequencing (NGS). 115. The method of claim 92, further comprising the step of analyzing at least one feature of the selected first transposase of (e). 116. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) inducing transposition of a nucleic acid comprising a first end sequence, a UID barcode, and a second transposon end sequence, wherein the transposition is mediated by the selected mutagenized transposase of (e) and the UID barcode is associated with the selected first transposase of (e), (b) inducing transposition of a nucleic acid comprising a first end sequence, a UID barcode, and a second transposon end sequence, wherein the transposition is mediated by a wild type form of the selected mutagenized transposase of (e) and the UID barcode is associated with the second transposase, (c) measuring either a transposase activity or the transposition frequency of each of the selected first transposase of (e) and the second transposase, and (d) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having increased transposase activity and/or increased transposition frequency compared to the second transposase or (e) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having decreased transposase activity and/or decreased transposition frequency compared to the second transposase. 117. The method of claim 116, wherein the selected first transposase is a hyperactive transposase. 118. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) aligning the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase of (e) with an insertion site consensus sequence of the second transposase of (e) and (b) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a greater number of variable positions or (c) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having an increased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a lesser number of variable positions. 119. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) aligning the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase of (e) with an insertion site consensus sequence of the second transposase of (e) and (b) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains an increased sequence variation at one or more positions or (c) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having an increased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a decreased sequence variation at one or more positions. 120. The method of claim 115, wherein the analyzing comprises:
(a) aligning the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase of (e) with an insertion site consensus sequence of the second transposase of (e) and (b) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains an increased sequence variation at one or more positions or (c) identifying the selected first transposase of (e) as having an increased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase when the insertion site consensus sequence of the selected first transposase contains a decreased sequence variation at one or more positions. 121. The method of claim 115, wherein the selected first transposase is a mutagenized transposase and the second transposase is a wild type form of the mutagenized transposase. 122. The method of claim 115, wherein the selected first transposase of (e) has a decreased insertion site bias compared to the second transposase. 123. The method of claim 115, wherein the selected first transposase of (e) has a desired feature that is not present the second transposase. 124. The method of claim 92, wherein the selected first transposase is a mutagenized transposase, further comprising identifying at least one mutation within the selected first transposase of (e) or a sequence thereof. 125. The method of claim 92, wherein the selected first transposase is a mutagenized transposase, further comprising identifying each mutation within the selected first transposase of (e) or a sequence thereof. 126. The method of claim 124 or 125, wherein the sequence is an amino acid sequence of the selected first transposase of (e). 127. The method of claim 124 or 125, wherein the sequence is a nucleic acid sequence encoding the selected first transposase of (e). 128. The method of claim 124 or 125, wherein the identifying comprises sequencing the nucleic acid sequence encoding the selected first transposase of (e). | 2,800 |
343,052 | 16,642,799 | 2,883 | The invention relates to a cosmetic device of longitudinal axis X comprising a bottle (2) of product comprising a top free edge (8) defining an opening (18), a detachable cap (4) comprising a handle (40) arranged at a first end of a stem (5), a second end of the stem (5) being fastened to an application member (6), the stem (5) comprises a first relief (29, 49) able to removably engage in a second complementary relief (310, 311) arranged on the bottle (2). | 1. Cosmetic device of longitudinal axis X comprising a bottle of product comprising a top free edge defining an opening, a detachable cap comprising a handle arranged at a first end of a stem, a second end of the stem being fastened to an application member, characterized by the fact that the stem comprises a first relief able to removably engage in a second complementary relief arranged on the bottle, between an open position where the application member can emerge from the bottle and a closed position where the application member is retracted in the bottle. 2. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second complementary relief extends from the top free edge of the bottle. 3. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second complementary relief extends outwards the stem perpendicularly to the X axis. 4. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises a neck and the second complementary relief is placed on the neck. 5. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises a collar mounted on a reservoir. 6. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact the second relief of the bottle comprises a recess. 7. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first relief of the stem comprises a protrusion. 8. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second complementary relief of the bottle defines a sliding path comprising a sliding edge suitable for guiding the movement of the first relief of the stem parallel to the X axis between a high position to a low position. 9. Cosmetic device according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the sliding path comprises two sectors of sliding path extending in at least two distinct general directions, or profiles. 10. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises a socket extending around the stem. 11. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises two second complementary reliefs symmetrically opposed one to another with respect to the longitudinal axis X. 12. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cap is mounted removably on the bottle by a bayonet system, a snap-fit system or a clipping system, preferably a bayonet system. 13. Detachable cap suitable to be attached on the bottle of a cosmetic product, the cap a comprising a handle arranged at a first end of a stem, a second end of the stem being fastened to an application member, characterized by the fact that a first relief is arranged on the stem and is able to mechanically engage in a second complementary relief of the bottle. 14. Cosmetic process comprising the opening and the closure of a cosmetic device according to claim 1 by snap-fitting the first relief of the stem in the second complementary relief of the bottle. | The invention relates to a cosmetic device of longitudinal axis X comprising a bottle (2) of product comprising a top free edge (8) defining an opening (18), a detachable cap (4) comprising a handle (40) arranged at a first end of a stem (5), a second end of the stem (5) being fastened to an application member (6), the stem (5) comprises a first relief (29, 49) able to removably engage in a second complementary relief (310, 311) arranged on the bottle (2).1. Cosmetic device of longitudinal axis X comprising a bottle of product comprising a top free edge defining an opening, a detachable cap comprising a handle arranged at a first end of a stem, a second end of the stem being fastened to an application member, characterized by the fact that the stem comprises a first relief able to removably engage in a second complementary relief arranged on the bottle, between an open position where the application member can emerge from the bottle and a closed position where the application member is retracted in the bottle. 2. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second complementary relief extends from the top free edge of the bottle. 3. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second complementary relief extends outwards the stem perpendicularly to the X axis. 4. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises a neck and the second complementary relief is placed on the neck. 5. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises a collar mounted on a reservoir. 6. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact the second relief of the bottle comprises a recess. 7. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first relief of the stem comprises a protrusion. 8. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second complementary relief of the bottle defines a sliding path comprising a sliding edge suitable for guiding the movement of the first relief of the stem parallel to the X axis between a high position to a low position. 9. Cosmetic device according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the sliding path comprises two sectors of sliding path extending in at least two distinct general directions, or profiles. 10. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises a socket extending around the stem. 11. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottle comprises two second complementary reliefs symmetrically opposed one to another with respect to the longitudinal axis X. 12. Cosmetic device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cap is mounted removably on the bottle by a bayonet system, a snap-fit system or a clipping system, preferably a bayonet system. 13. Detachable cap suitable to be attached on the bottle of a cosmetic product, the cap a comprising a handle arranged at a first end of a stem, a second end of the stem being fastened to an application member, characterized by the fact that a first relief is arranged on the stem and is able to mechanically engage in a second complementary relief of the bottle. 14. Cosmetic process comprising the opening and the closure of a cosmetic device according to claim 1 by snap-fitting the first relief of the stem in the second complementary relief of the bottle. | 2,800 |
343,053 | 16,642,787 | 2,883 | Deposited Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strains that e.g. are suitable to be used in an improved method for the manufacture of low browning mozzarella cheese. | 1. A mutant Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) cell selected from:
(a) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC19097 deposited with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ) under accession number DSM 32594; (b) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC19100 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32595; (c) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC27912 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32596; (d) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC29526 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32597; (e) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC29530 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32598; (f) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC29525 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32897; (g) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC30963 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32898; and (h) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC30964 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32900. 2. A method for obtaining a mutant Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strain, comprising mutating a cell selected from a mutant cell of claim 1 or a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strain CHCC14994 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 25838 as a starting cell, and isolating a further mutant that has retained capability of reducing release of galactose in the presence of lactose as compared to the starting cell. 3. A starter culture composition comprising viable cells of one or more of (i) one or more mutant Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strains of claim 1 and (ii) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC14994, in a concentration in the range of 104 to 1014 cfu per gram of the composition. 4. The starter culture composition of claim 3, wherein the concentration of viable cells is in the range of 107 to 1014 cfu per gram of the composition. 5. A method of manufacturing a food or feed product comprising adding a starter culture composition according to claim 3 to a food or feed product starting material to obtain inoculated food or feed product material, and maintaining the inoculated food or feed product material under conditions where the Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) cells are metabolically active. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the product is a food product. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the food product is dairy product. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dairy product is fermented milk, yogurt, cheese including fresh cheese products, soft cheese products, cheddar, mozzarella or buttermilk. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dairy product is soft cheese, cheddar cheese, pasta filata cheese or mozzarella cheese. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the dairy product is mozzarella cheese or cheddar cheese. | Deposited Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strains that e.g. are suitable to be used in an improved method for the manufacture of low browning mozzarella cheese.1. A mutant Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) cell selected from:
(a) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC19097 deposited with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ) under accession number DSM 32594; (b) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC19100 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32595; (c) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC27912 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32596; (d) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC29526 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32597; (e) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC29530 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32598; (f) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC29525 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32897; (g) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC30963 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32898; and (h) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC30964 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 32900. 2. A method for obtaining a mutant Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strain, comprising mutating a cell selected from a mutant cell of claim 1 or a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strain CHCC14994 deposited with DSMZ under accession number DSM 25838 as a starting cell, and isolating a further mutant that has retained capability of reducing release of galactose in the presence of lactose as compared to the starting cell. 3. A starter culture composition comprising viable cells of one or more of (i) one or more mutant Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strains of claim 1 and (ii) a cell of Streptococcus thermophilus strain CHCC14994, in a concentration in the range of 104 to 1014 cfu per gram of the composition. 4. The starter culture composition of claim 3, wherein the concentration of viable cells is in the range of 107 to 1014 cfu per gram of the composition. 5. A method of manufacturing a food or feed product comprising adding a starter culture composition according to claim 3 to a food or feed product starting material to obtain inoculated food or feed product material, and maintaining the inoculated food or feed product material under conditions where the Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) cells are metabolically active. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the product is a food product. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the food product is dairy product. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dairy product is fermented milk, yogurt, cheese including fresh cheese products, soft cheese products, cheddar, mozzarella or buttermilk. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dairy product is soft cheese, cheddar cheese, pasta filata cheese or mozzarella cheese. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the dairy product is mozzarella cheese or cheddar cheese. | 2,800 |
343,054 | 16,642,791 | 2,883 | A strain wave gearing apparatus includes a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof, a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof, and a wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery. A contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of a major axis. A rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in a circumferential direction. The elliptic outer periphery of the wave generator includes a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, and is different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in the circumferential direction. The elliptic outer periphery is located a long distance away from a rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in at least a partial region in the circumferential direction that does not include an intersection point with the major axis. | 1. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein a contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and a rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in the circumferential direction, and wherein, in cross section in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the wave generator, the elliptic outer periphery is located a long distance away from the rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in at least a partial region in the circumferential direction that does not include an intersection point with the major axis. 2. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the wave generator, the elliptic outer periphery is located the long distance away from the rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis in the circumferential direction. 3. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, in cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the wave generator, a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis in the circumferential direction and a region adjacent to an intersection point with a minor axis in the circumferential direction are connected via a clothoid curve on the elliptic outer periphery. 4. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a flexible external gear including a barrel portion having a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator, wherein the wave generator has an elliptic outer periphery and is disposed inside the external gear, and the wave generator elliptically distorts the external gear to cause the external gear to be partially meshed with the internal gear by contacting an inner periphery of the external gear throughout an entire range in a circumferential direction, and moves a position of the mesh in the circumferential direction by rotating, and wherein the wave generator has the elliptic outer periphery in which a thickness is increased in at least a partial region between an intersection point with a major axis and an intersection point with a minor axis in the circumferential direction compared to an ellipse expressed by the following equation, an equation (1), assuming that a major radius is rn+w, a minor radius is rn−w, and a rotational angle θ of the wave generator is used as a parameter in cross section in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the wave generator. 5. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis and a region adjacent to the intersection point with the minor axis are smoothly connected to each other on the elliptic outer periphery. 6. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis and a region adjacent to the intersection point with the minor axis are connected to each other via a clothoid curve on the elliptic outer periphery. 7. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the following equation, an equation (2) is satisfied, when m represents a module of the teeth of the internal gear.
[Equation 2] w>0.9 m (2) 8. An actuator of a variable compression ratio mechanism for an internal combustion engine, the actuator comprising:
an electric motor; a control shaft coupled with the variable compression ratio mechanism for the internal combustion engine; and a strain wave gearing apparatus configured to slow down a rotational speed of the electric motor to transmit it to the control shaft, wherein the strain wave gearing apparatus includes a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof, a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof, and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein a contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and a rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in the circumferential direction, and wherein, in cross section in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the wave generator, the elliptic outer periphery is located a long distance away from the rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in at least a partial region in the circumferential direction that does not include an intersection point with the major axis. 9. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of external teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein the wave generator is disposed inside the external gear, and the wave generator elliptically distorts the external gear to cause the external gear to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and moves a position of the mesh in the circumferential direction by rotating, and wherein the elliptic outer periphery is shaped in such a manner that a higher mesh ratio is achieved between the teeth of the external gear and the teeth of the internal gear than the reference ellipse regardless of shapes of the teeth of the internal gear and the external gear. 10. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of external teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein a contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and a rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in the circumferential direction, and wherein the elliptic outer periphery has a smaller curvature radius than the reference ellipse in a predetermined region adjacent to an intersection point with the major axis in the circumferential direction. | A strain wave gearing apparatus includes a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof, a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof, and a wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery. A contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of a major axis. A rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in a circumferential direction. The elliptic outer periphery of the wave generator includes a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, and is different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in the circumferential direction. The elliptic outer periphery is located a long distance away from a rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in at least a partial region in the circumferential direction that does not include an intersection point with the major axis.1. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein a contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and a rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in the circumferential direction, and wherein, in cross section in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the wave generator, the elliptic outer periphery is located a long distance away from the rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in at least a partial region in the circumferential direction that does not include an intersection point with the major axis. 2. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the wave generator, the elliptic outer periphery is located the long distance away from the rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis in the circumferential direction. 3. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, in cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the wave generator, a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis in the circumferential direction and a region adjacent to an intersection point with a minor axis in the circumferential direction are connected via a clothoid curve on the elliptic outer periphery. 4. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a flexible external gear including a barrel portion having a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator, wherein the wave generator has an elliptic outer periphery and is disposed inside the external gear, and the wave generator elliptically distorts the external gear to cause the external gear to be partially meshed with the internal gear by contacting an inner periphery of the external gear throughout an entire range in a circumferential direction, and moves a position of the mesh in the circumferential direction by rotating, and wherein the wave generator has the elliptic outer periphery in which a thickness is increased in at least a partial region between an intersection point with a major axis and an intersection point with a minor axis in the circumferential direction compared to an ellipse expressed by the following equation, an equation (1), assuming that a major radius is rn+w, a minor radius is rn−w, and a rotational angle θ of the wave generator is used as a parameter in cross section in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the wave generator. 5. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis and a region adjacent to the intersection point with the minor axis are smoothly connected to each other on the elliptic outer periphery. 6. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a region adjacent to the intersection point with the major axis and a region adjacent to the intersection point with the minor axis are connected to each other via a clothoid curve on the elliptic outer periphery. 7. The strain wave gearing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the following equation, an equation (2) is satisfied, when m represents a module of the teeth of the internal gear.
[Equation 2] w>0.9 m (2) 8. An actuator of a variable compression ratio mechanism for an internal combustion engine, the actuator comprising:
an electric motor; a control shaft coupled with the variable compression ratio mechanism for the internal combustion engine; and a strain wave gearing apparatus configured to slow down a rotational speed of the electric motor to transmit it to the control shaft, wherein the strain wave gearing apparatus includes a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof, a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery thereof, and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein a contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and a rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in the circumferential direction, and wherein, in cross section in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the wave generator, the elliptic outer periphery is located a long distance away from the rotational axis compared to the reference ellipse in at least a partial region in the circumferential direction that does not include an intersection point with the major axis. 9. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of external teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein the wave generator is disposed inside the external gear, and the wave generator elliptically distorts the external gear to cause the external gear to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and moves a position of the mesh in the circumferential direction by rotating, and wherein the elliptic outer periphery is shaped in such a manner that a higher mesh ratio is achieved between the teeth of the external gear and the teeth of the internal gear than the reference ellipse regardless of shapes of the teeth of the internal gear and the external gear. 10. A strain wave gearing apparatus comprising:
a rigid internal gear including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof; a cylindrical flexible external gear including a plurality of external teeth on an outer periphery thereof; and a wave generator including a major axis in common with a reference ellipse, the wave generator having an elliptic outer periphery different from the reference ellipse in terms of a shape of at least a part thereof in a circumferential direction, wherein a contact of the outer periphery of the wave generator with an inner periphery of the external gear causes the external gear to be elliptically distorted and to be meshed with the internal gear at a part of the teeth of the external gear in a direction of the major axis, and a rotation of the wave generator causes a position of the mesh to be moved in the circumferential direction, and wherein the elliptic outer periphery has a smaller curvature radius than the reference ellipse in a predetermined region adjacent to an intersection point with the major axis in the circumferential direction. | 2,800 |
343,055 | 16,642,793 | 2,883 | The invention provides bioresorbable nerve guidance conduits made from polymer blends which include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In particular, the invention provides nerve guidance conduits having a body which comprises a polymer blend comprising: (a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). The invention further relates to polymer blends comprising (a) and (b). | 1. A nerve guidance conduit having a body which comprises a polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 2. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is a binary or ternary PHA copolymer. 3. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 6 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 16 carbon atoms. 4. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 8, 10 or 12 carbon atoms. 5. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate units which are independently selected from 3-hydroxy and 4-hydroxyalkanoates. 6. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 5, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is a medium chain length 3-hydroxyalkanoate. 7. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 6, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is independently selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO), 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD). 8. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PHA copolymer is poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate) or poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate-co-3-hydroxydodecanoate). 9. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chirality of the hydroxy-substituted carbon atom in each hydroxyalkanoate unit in the PHA copolymer is of the R-configuration. 10. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a binary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 60 mol % to 85 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 35 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 11. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first component is a ternary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 40 mol % to 60 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 40 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 12. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3-HDD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 13. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 600 kDa. 14. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas mendocina CH50, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas raguenesii, Pseudomonas guezennei, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Comamonas testosteronii. 15. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 14, wherein said microorganism is Pseudomonas mendocina CH50. 16. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein said microorganism is grown in a culture medium which comprises glucose or coconut oil as a carbon source. 17. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit. 18. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 17, wherein the PHA homopolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which each contain 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms. 19. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 18, wherein the PHA homopolymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). 20. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 200 kDa to 2 MDa. 21. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Cupriavidus necator, Alcaligenes latus, Bacillus cereus, Aeromonas caviae, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Methylobacterium extorquens, Halomonas boliviensis LC1, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. 22. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 21, wherein said microorganism is Bacillus subtilis OK2. 23. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, wherein said microorganism is grown in the presence of a culture medium which comprises glucose as a carbon source. 24. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a polylactide (PLA). 25. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 24, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is poly(L-lactic acid). 26. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer blend is selected from one of the following:
P(3HO-3HD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PDLA P(3HO-3HD)/PDLA 27. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is present in an amount in the range from 80 to 85 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 28. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component is a PHA homopolymer which is present in an amount in the range from 15 to 25 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 29. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the second component is a polylactide which is present in an amount in the range from 3 to 10 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 30. A method of producing a nerve guidance conduit having a body which comprises a polymer blend as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 29, said method comprising forming said body from a polymer blend which comprises:
(a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and
(b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 31. A polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 32. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31, wherein said first and second components are as defined in any one of claims 2 to 29. 33. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31 or claim 32 having one or more of the following mechanical properties: a tensile strength (σ) greater than 0.1 MPa; a Young's modulus (E) greater than 0.5 MPa; and an elongation at break (εb) of at least 100%. | The invention provides bioresorbable nerve guidance conduits made from polymer blends which include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In particular, the invention provides nerve guidance conduits having a body which comprises a polymer blend comprising: (a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). The invention further relates to polymer blends comprising (a) and (b).1. A nerve guidance conduit having a body which comprises a polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 2. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is a binary or ternary PHA copolymer. 3. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 6 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 16 carbon atoms. 4. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 8, 10 or 12 carbon atoms. 5. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate units which are independently selected from 3-hydroxy and 4-hydroxyalkanoates. 6. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 5, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is a medium chain length 3-hydroxyalkanoate. 7. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 6, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is independently selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO), 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD). 8. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PHA copolymer is poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate) or poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate-co-3-hydroxydodecanoate). 9. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chirality of the hydroxy-substituted carbon atom in each hydroxyalkanoate unit in the PHA copolymer is of the R-configuration. 10. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a binary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 60 mol % to 85 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 35 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 11. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first component is a ternary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 40 mol % to 60 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 40 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 12. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3-HDD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 13. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 600 kDa. 14. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas mendocina CH50, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas raguenesii, Pseudomonas guezennei, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Comamonas testosteronii. 15. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 14, wherein said microorganism is Pseudomonas mendocina CH50. 16. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein said microorganism is grown in a culture medium which comprises glucose or coconut oil as a carbon source. 17. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit. 18. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 17, wherein the PHA homopolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which each contain 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms. 19. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 18, wherein the PHA homopolymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). 20. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 200 kDa to 2 MDa. 21. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Cupriavidus necator, Alcaligenes latus, Bacillus cereus, Aeromonas caviae, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Methylobacterium extorquens, Halomonas boliviensis LC1, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. 22. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 21, wherein said microorganism is Bacillus subtilis OK2. 23. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, wherein said microorganism is grown in the presence of a culture medium which comprises glucose as a carbon source. 24. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a polylactide (PLA). 25. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in claim 24, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is poly(L-lactic acid). 26. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer blend is selected from one of the following:
P(3HO-3HD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PDLA P(3HO-3HD)/PDLA 27. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is present in an amount in the range from 80 to 85 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 28. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component is a PHA homopolymer which is present in an amount in the range from 15 to 25 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 29. A nerve guidance conduit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the second component is a polylactide which is present in an amount in the range from 3 to 10 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 30. A method of producing a nerve guidance conduit having a body which comprises a polymer blend as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 29, said method comprising forming said body from a polymer blend which comprises:
(a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and
(b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 31. A polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 60 to 98 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 2 to 40 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 32. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31, wherein said first and second components are as defined in any one of claims 2 to 29. 33. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31 or claim 32 having one or more of the following mechanical properties: a tensile strength (σ) greater than 0.1 MPa; a Young's modulus (E) greater than 0.5 MPa; and an elongation at break (εb) of at least 100%. | 2,800 |
343,056 | 16,642,808 | 2,883 | The invention relates to a cover for closing a mouth of a receptacle holding an airbag with at least one airbag flap, wherein the cover has at least one breakaway line at the edge of the airbag flap(s) in order to enable the unfolding of the airbag, and wherein the airbag flap(s) is/are connected via a hinge element to a flap support wall in a molded manner, which is in contact with the inner surface of the receptacle wall in particular in a secured manner, wherein the flap support wall runs around the inner surface of the receptacle wall such that at least the four corners of the receptacle near the airbag flap(s) are covered. | 1. A cover for closing a mouth of a receptacle holding an airbag, the cover comprising
at least one airbag flap, at least one breakaway line at an edge of the airbag flap in order to enable unfolding of the airbag, and a hinge element connecting the airbag flap to a flap support wall in a molded manner, the flap support wall being in contact with an inner surface of a receptacle wall, the flap support wall extending around the inner surface of receptacle wall such that at least four corners of the receptacle near the airbag flap are covered. 2. The cover according to claim 1, wherein the flap support wall forms a peripheral frame to whose longitudinal frame side the airbag flap is connected via the hinge element. 3. The cover according to either claim 1, wherein the airbag flap or the flap support wall has a material reservoir in the form of a fold in the region of the hinge element extending a length of the airbag flap outward. 4. The cover according to claim 1, wherein the flap support wall is fixed to the inner surface of the receptacle wall. 5. The cover according to claim 1, wherein a surface area of an airbag flap corresponds to an area of the mouth of the receptacle. 6. The cover according to claim 1, wherein the airbag flap and the flap support wall are composed of a composite material having at least one layer composed of plastic strips or fibers of polypropylene or polyester and at least one plastic layer melted thereon. 7. The cover according to claim 6, wherein the plastic strips or fibers form a fabric. 8. The cover according to claim 2, wherein the lower edge of at least one longitudinal frame side of the flap support wall has mounting tabs. 9. The cover according to claim 1, further comprising:
an outer cover layer composed of a plastic foam material and an outer skin. | The invention relates to a cover for closing a mouth of a receptacle holding an airbag with at least one airbag flap, wherein the cover has at least one breakaway line at the edge of the airbag flap(s) in order to enable the unfolding of the airbag, and wherein the airbag flap(s) is/are connected via a hinge element to a flap support wall in a molded manner, which is in contact with the inner surface of the receptacle wall in particular in a secured manner, wherein the flap support wall runs around the inner surface of the receptacle wall such that at least the four corners of the receptacle near the airbag flap(s) are covered.1. A cover for closing a mouth of a receptacle holding an airbag, the cover comprising
at least one airbag flap, at least one breakaway line at an edge of the airbag flap in order to enable unfolding of the airbag, and a hinge element connecting the airbag flap to a flap support wall in a molded manner, the flap support wall being in contact with an inner surface of a receptacle wall, the flap support wall extending around the inner surface of receptacle wall such that at least four corners of the receptacle near the airbag flap are covered. 2. The cover according to claim 1, wherein the flap support wall forms a peripheral frame to whose longitudinal frame side the airbag flap is connected via the hinge element. 3. The cover according to either claim 1, wherein the airbag flap or the flap support wall has a material reservoir in the form of a fold in the region of the hinge element extending a length of the airbag flap outward. 4. The cover according to claim 1, wherein the flap support wall is fixed to the inner surface of the receptacle wall. 5. The cover according to claim 1, wherein a surface area of an airbag flap corresponds to an area of the mouth of the receptacle. 6. The cover according to claim 1, wherein the airbag flap and the flap support wall are composed of a composite material having at least one layer composed of plastic strips or fibers of polypropylene or polyester and at least one plastic layer melted thereon. 7. The cover according to claim 6, wherein the plastic strips or fibers form a fabric. 8. The cover according to claim 2, wherein the lower edge of at least one longitudinal frame side of the flap support wall has mounting tabs. 9. The cover according to claim 1, further comprising:
an outer cover layer composed of a plastic foam material and an outer skin. | 2,800 |
343,057 | 16,642,801 | 2,883 | Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for self-contained nucleic acid preparation, amplification, and analysis. | 1-21. (canceled) 22. A container for performing nucleic acid amplification on a sample in a closed system, the container comprising:
a first layer and a second layer defining a multifunction chamber therebetween, the container provided with magnetic particles and reagents for sample preparation, nucleic acid recovery, and a first-stage nucleic acid amplification reaction, wherein the magnetic particles are provided in a chamber that is fluidly connected to the multifunction chamber or are provided in the multifunction chamber, and wherein the reagents are provided in chambers that are fluidly connected to the multifunction chamber; and a second-stage reaction zone disposed between the first layer and the second layer and fluidly connected to the multifunction chamber, the second-stage reaction zone comprising a plurality of second-stage reaction chambers, each second-stage reaction chamber comprising a pair of primers configured for further amplification of the sample, the second-stage reaction zone configured for contemporaneous thermal cycling of all of the plurality of second-stage reaction chambers. 23. The container of claim 22, wherein the multifunction chamber is provided with cell lysis components and the magnetic particles. 24. The container of claim 23 wherein the cell lysis components comprise lysis particles or lysis particles. 25. The container of claim 22, wherein the container further comprises a sample lysis chamber in fluid communication with the multifunction chamber, wherein the sample lysis chamber is provided with cell lysis components and the magnetic particles, and the multifunction chamber is provided with magnetic bead wash components and first-stage nucleic acid amplification components. 26.-31. (canceled) 32. The container of claim 22 wherein the magnetic particles are nucleic acid-binding magnetic particles. 33. The container of claim 22 further comprising a sample receiving chamber in fluid communication with the multifunction chamber. 34. The container of claim 33 wherein the sample receiving container comprises a sample collection swab. 35. The container of claim 34 wherein the sample collection swab comprises an elongate shaft, wherein the sample receiving chamber and the elongate shaft of the swab are fabricated from chemically compatible materials that can be at least partially fused with a heat seal. 36. The container of claim 22 wherein the magnetic particles and the reagents are provided in one or more reagent blisters in fluid communication with the multifunction chamber. 37. The container of claim 36 wherein one or more of the reagent blisters are fluid-filled reagent blisters and are filled at the time of manufacture of the container. 38. (canceled) 39. The container of claim 36 further comprising an openable seal between the reagent blisters and the multifunction chamber. 40. The container of claim 39 wherein the openable seal is a burstable seal. 41. The container of claim 39 wherein the openable seal is a peelable, tacked together film seal. 42.-50. (canceled) 51. A self-contained reaction vessel, the self-contained reaction vessel comprising:
a sample lysis zone configured for lysis of cells or spores present in a sample, a first reaction zone fluidly connected to the sample lysis zone, the first reaction zone configured for recovering nucleic acids from a lysed sample and for first-stage amplification of nucleic acids present in the first reaction zone, a second-stage reaction zone fluidly connected to the first reaction zone, the second-stage reaction zone comprising a plurality of second-stage reaction wells, each second-stage reaction well comprising a pair of primers configured for further amplification of the sample, the second-stage reaction zone configured for contemporaneous thermal cycling of all of the plurality of second-stage reaction wells, and a plurality of liquid reagent blisters fluidly connected to one or more of the sample lysis zone, the first reaction zone, or the second-stage reaction zone, wherein liquid reagents are provided in the liquid reagent blisters at time of manufacture. 52.-55. (canceled) 56. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 55, wherein the first layer and the second layer comprises a barrier film having a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in a range of about 0.05 g/m2/24 hrs to about 2 g/m2/24 hrs. 57. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 51 further comprising an openable seal between the liquid reagent disposed in the liquid reagent blister and one or more of the sample lysis zone, the first reaction zone, or the second-stage reaction zone. 58. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 57, wherein the openable seal is a burstable seal. 59. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 57, wherein the openable seal is a peelable, tacked together film seal. 60.-71. (canceled) 72. A method for spotting an array comprising:
providing an array assembly that includes a plurality of wells that are arranged in an array, wherein the array assembly and the plurality of wells do not include a backing layer prior to spotting reagents and/or reaction components being added to the plurality of wells; positioning the array assembly in a spotting apparatus relative to a spotting assembly that includes a plurality of cannulae arranged in an array that corresponds to the wells of the array assembly, wherein each cannula is fluidly connected to a fluid reagent reservoir; delivering a droplet of fluid to each cannula; contacting the droplets and the wells of the array to transfer the droplets to the array assembly; and evaporating fluid from the droplets to yield an array assembly having dried reagents in the wells. 73. The method of claim 72 wherein the spotting apparatus includes alignment pins, stops, a frame, or a combination thereof positioned to align the array assembly relative to the cannulae. 74. The method of claim 72 wherein two or more cannulae are fluidly connected to the same fluid reagent reservoir. 75. The method of claim 72 wherein each cannula is fluidly connected to a different fluid reagent reservoir. 76. The method of claim 72 further comprising:
extending the cannulae through the wells of the array assembly prior to the delivering step; and
wherein the contacting step comprises retracting the cannula to contact the droplets and the wells of the array to transfer the droplets to the array assembly. 77. The method of claim 72 further comprising:
moving the array assembly relative to the cannulae to extend the cannulae through the wells of the array assembly prior to the delivering step; and
wherein the contacting step includes retracting the array assembly relative to the cannulae to contact the droplets and the wells of the array to transfer the droplets to the array assembly. 78.-99. (canceled) 100. The container of claim 22 wherein the first layer and the second layer are barrier films having a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in a range of about 0.05 g/m2/24 hrs to about 2 g/m2/24 hrs. 101. The container of claim 100 wherein the first layer is a clear barrier film and the second layer is a metallized barrier film. | Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for self-contained nucleic acid preparation, amplification, and analysis.1-21. (canceled) 22. A container for performing nucleic acid amplification on a sample in a closed system, the container comprising:
a first layer and a second layer defining a multifunction chamber therebetween, the container provided with magnetic particles and reagents for sample preparation, nucleic acid recovery, and a first-stage nucleic acid amplification reaction, wherein the magnetic particles are provided in a chamber that is fluidly connected to the multifunction chamber or are provided in the multifunction chamber, and wherein the reagents are provided in chambers that are fluidly connected to the multifunction chamber; and a second-stage reaction zone disposed between the first layer and the second layer and fluidly connected to the multifunction chamber, the second-stage reaction zone comprising a plurality of second-stage reaction chambers, each second-stage reaction chamber comprising a pair of primers configured for further amplification of the sample, the second-stage reaction zone configured for contemporaneous thermal cycling of all of the plurality of second-stage reaction chambers. 23. The container of claim 22, wherein the multifunction chamber is provided with cell lysis components and the magnetic particles. 24. The container of claim 23 wherein the cell lysis components comprise lysis particles or lysis particles. 25. The container of claim 22, wherein the container further comprises a sample lysis chamber in fluid communication with the multifunction chamber, wherein the sample lysis chamber is provided with cell lysis components and the magnetic particles, and the multifunction chamber is provided with magnetic bead wash components and first-stage nucleic acid amplification components. 26.-31. (canceled) 32. The container of claim 22 wherein the magnetic particles are nucleic acid-binding magnetic particles. 33. The container of claim 22 further comprising a sample receiving chamber in fluid communication with the multifunction chamber. 34. The container of claim 33 wherein the sample receiving container comprises a sample collection swab. 35. The container of claim 34 wherein the sample collection swab comprises an elongate shaft, wherein the sample receiving chamber and the elongate shaft of the swab are fabricated from chemically compatible materials that can be at least partially fused with a heat seal. 36. The container of claim 22 wherein the magnetic particles and the reagents are provided in one or more reagent blisters in fluid communication with the multifunction chamber. 37. The container of claim 36 wherein one or more of the reagent blisters are fluid-filled reagent blisters and are filled at the time of manufacture of the container. 38. (canceled) 39. The container of claim 36 further comprising an openable seal between the reagent blisters and the multifunction chamber. 40. The container of claim 39 wherein the openable seal is a burstable seal. 41. The container of claim 39 wherein the openable seal is a peelable, tacked together film seal. 42.-50. (canceled) 51. A self-contained reaction vessel, the self-contained reaction vessel comprising:
a sample lysis zone configured for lysis of cells or spores present in a sample, a first reaction zone fluidly connected to the sample lysis zone, the first reaction zone configured for recovering nucleic acids from a lysed sample and for first-stage amplification of nucleic acids present in the first reaction zone, a second-stage reaction zone fluidly connected to the first reaction zone, the second-stage reaction zone comprising a plurality of second-stage reaction wells, each second-stage reaction well comprising a pair of primers configured for further amplification of the sample, the second-stage reaction zone configured for contemporaneous thermal cycling of all of the plurality of second-stage reaction wells, and a plurality of liquid reagent blisters fluidly connected to one or more of the sample lysis zone, the first reaction zone, or the second-stage reaction zone, wherein liquid reagents are provided in the liquid reagent blisters at time of manufacture. 52.-55. (canceled) 56. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 55, wherein the first layer and the second layer comprises a barrier film having a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in a range of about 0.05 g/m2/24 hrs to about 2 g/m2/24 hrs. 57. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 51 further comprising an openable seal between the liquid reagent disposed in the liquid reagent blister and one or more of the sample lysis zone, the first reaction zone, or the second-stage reaction zone. 58. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 57, wherein the openable seal is a burstable seal. 59. The self-contained reaction vessel of claim 57, wherein the openable seal is a peelable, tacked together film seal. 60.-71. (canceled) 72. A method for spotting an array comprising:
providing an array assembly that includes a plurality of wells that are arranged in an array, wherein the array assembly and the plurality of wells do not include a backing layer prior to spotting reagents and/or reaction components being added to the plurality of wells; positioning the array assembly in a spotting apparatus relative to a spotting assembly that includes a plurality of cannulae arranged in an array that corresponds to the wells of the array assembly, wherein each cannula is fluidly connected to a fluid reagent reservoir; delivering a droplet of fluid to each cannula; contacting the droplets and the wells of the array to transfer the droplets to the array assembly; and evaporating fluid from the droplets to yield an array assembly having dried reagents in the wells. 73. The method of claim 72 wherein the spotting apparatus includes alignment pins, stops, a frame, or a combination thereof positioned to align the array assembly relative to the cannulae. 74. The method of claim 72 wherein two or more cannulae are fluidly connected to the same fluid reagent reservoir. 75. The method of claim 72 wherein each cannula is fluidly connected to a different fluid reagent reservoir. 76. The method of claim 72 further comprising:
extending the cannulae through the wells of the array assembly prior to the delivering step; and
wherein the contacting step comprises retracting the cannula to contact the droplets and the wells of the array to transfer the droplets to the array assembly. 77. The method of claim 72 further comprising:
moving the array assembly relative to the cannulae to extend the cannulae through the wells of the array assembly prior to the delivering step; and
wherein the contacting step includes retracting the array assembly relative to the cannulae to contact the droplets and the wells of the array to transfer the droplets to the array assembly. 78.-99. (canceled) 100. The container of claim 22 wherein the first layer and the second layer are barrier films having a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in a range of about 0.05 g/m2/24 hrs to about 2 g/m2/24 hrs. 101. The container of claim 100 wherein the first layer is a clear barrier film and the second layer is a metallized barrier film. | 2,800 |
343,058 | 16,642,786 | 2,883 | Disclosed embodiments relate to executing a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction. In one example, a processor includes fetch circuitry to fetch a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers, decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction, and execution circuitry to execute the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to: generate a sum of products of two doublewords of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate, zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum, and accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A processor comprising:
fetch circuitry to fetch a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers; decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction; and execution circuitry to execute the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a sum of products of two double words of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate;
zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum; and
accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. 5. The processor of claim 4, wherein, when the immediate has a predefined value, the generated sum uses the two upper words of the second quadword. 6. The processor of claim 4, wherein the generated sum is represented by at least 48 bits. 7. The processor of claim 4, wherein the identified sources and destination each comprises one of a 64-bit general purpose register, 128-bit vector register, 256-bit vector register, and 512-bit vector register. 8. The processor of claim 4, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further comprises a size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized registers. 9. The processor of claim 4, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further includes a write mask identifier to identify a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 10. A method comprising:
fetching, by fetch circuitry, a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers; decoding, by decode circuitry, the fetched instruction; and executing, by execution circuitry, the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a sum of products of two double words of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate;
zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum; and
accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein, when the immediate has a predefined value, the generated sum uses the two upper words of the second quadword. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the generated sum is represented by at least 48 bits. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the identified sources and destination each comprises a register selected from the group consisting of a 64-bit general purpose register, 128-bit vector register, 256-bit vector register, and 512-bit vector register. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further comprises a size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized registers. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further includes a write mask identifier to identify a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor comprising:
means for fetching a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers;
means for decoding the fetched instruction; and
means for executing the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a sum of products of two double words of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate;
zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum; and
accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein, when the immediate has a predefined value, the generated sum uses the two upper words of the second quadword. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the identified sources and destination each comprises a register selected from the group consisting of a 64-bit general purpose register, 128-bit vector register, 256-bit vector register, and 512-bit vector register. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further comprises a size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized registers. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further includes a write mask identifier to identify a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 21-25. (canceled) | Disclosed embodiments relate to executing a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction. In one example, a processor includes fetch circuitry to fetch a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers, decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction, and execution circuitry to execute the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to: generate a sum of products of two doublewords of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate, zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum, and accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords.1-3. (canceled) 4. A processor comprising:
fetch circuitry to fetch a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers; decode circuitry to decode the fetched instruction; and execution circuitry to execute the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a sum of products of two double words of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate;
zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum; and
accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. 5. The processor of claim 4, wherein, when the immediate has a predefined value, the generated sum uses the two upper words of the second quadword. 6. The processor of claim 4, wherein the generated sum is represented by at least 48 bits. 7. The processor of claim 4, wherein the identified sources and destination each comprises one of a 64-bit general purpose register, 128-bit vector register, 256-bit vector register, and 512-bit vector register. 8. The processor of claim 4, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further comprises a size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized registers. 9. The processor of claim 4, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further includes a write mask identifier to identify a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 10. A method comprising:
fetching, by fetch circuitry, a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers; decoding, by decode circuitry, the fetched instruction; and executing, by execution circuitry, the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a sum of products of two double words of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate;
zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum; and
accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein, when the immediate has a predefined value, the generated sum uses the two upper words of the second quadword. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the generated sum is represented by at least 48 bits. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the identified sources and destination each comprises a register selected from the group consisting of a 64-bit general purpose register, 128-bit vector register, 256-bit vector register, and 512-bit vector register. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further comprises a size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized registers. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further includes a write mask identifier to identify a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor comprising:
means for fetching a vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction having fields for an opcode, first and second source identifiers, a destination identifier, and an immediate, wherein the identified sources and destination are same-sized registers;
means for decoding the fetched instruction; and
means for executing the decoded instruction, on each corresponding pair of first and second quadwords of the identified first and second sources, to:
generate a sum of products of two double words of the first quadword and either two lower words or two upper words of the second quadword, based on the immediate;
zero-extend the sum to a quadword-sized sum; and
accumulate the quadword-sized sum with a previous value of a destination quadword in a same relative register position as the first and second quadwords. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein, when the immediate has a predefined value, the generated sum uses the two upper words of the second quadword. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the identified sources and destination each comprises a register selected from the group consisting of a 64-bit general purpose register, 128-bit vector register, 256-bit vector register, and 512-bit vector register. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further comprises a size identifier to specify the size of the same-sized registers. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the vector unsigned multiplication and accumulation instruction further includes a write mask identifier to identify a write mask to conditionally control per-element computational operation and updating of results to the identified destination. 21-25. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,059 | 16,642,802 | 2,883 | A method for producing a polymerizable composition, the method including: step (1) of preparing composition A having a water content of 200 ppm by mass or less, the composition A including a polyisocyanate component but not including a polymerization catalyst; step (2) of preparing composition B having a water content of 1,000 ppm by mass or less, the composition B including a polythiol component; and step (3) of mixing the composition A and the composition B and obtaining a polymerizable composition, and also a method for producing an optical component, the method including: a step of injecting the above-mentioned polymerizable composition into a molding die; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition. | 1. A method for producing a polymerizable composition, the method comprising:
step (1) of preparing composition A having a water content of 200 ppm by mass or less, the composition A including a polyisocyanate component but not including a polymerization catalyst; step (2) of preparing composition B having a water content of 1,000 ppm by mass or less, the composition B including a polythiol component; and step (3) of mixing the composition A and the composition B and obtaining a polymerizable composition. 2. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water content of the composition A is 40 ppm by mass or less. 3. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the water content is reduced under reduced pressure conditions. 4. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the water content is reduced under reduced pressure conditions. 5. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition A further includes a mold release agent. 6. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition B further includes a polymerization catalyst. 7. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition A further includes an ultraviolet absorber. 8. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition has a water content of 300 ppm by mass or less. 9. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the polythiol component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 4,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 4,8-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 5,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), butanediol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), butanediol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(2-mercaptoacetate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate). 10. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. 11. A method for producing an optical component, the method comprising:
a step of injecting the polymerizable composition obtained by the production method according to claim 1 into a molding die; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition. 12. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 11, wherein the optical component is a spectacle lens substrate. | A method for producing a polymerizable composition, the method including: step (1) of preparing composition A having a water content of 200 ppm by mass or less, the composition A including a polyisocyanate component but not including a polymerization catalyst; step (2) of preparing composition B having a water content of 1,000 ppm by mass or less, the composition B including a polythiol component; and step (3) of mixing the composition A and the composition B and obtaining a polymerizable composition, and also a method for producing an optical component, the method including: a step of injecting the above-mentioned polymerizable composition into a molding die; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition.1. A method for producing a polymerizable composition, the method comprising:
step (1) of preparing composition A having a water content of 200 ppm by mass or less, the composition A including a polyisocyanate component but not including a polymerization catalyst; step (2) of preparing composition B having a water content of 1,000 ppm by mass or less, the composition B including a polythiol component; and step (3) of mixing the composition A and the composition B and obtaining a polymerizable composition. 2. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water content of the composition A is 40 ppm by mass or less. 3. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the water content is reduced under reduced pressure conditions. 4. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the water content is reduced under reduced pressure conditions. 5. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition A further includes a mold release agent. 6. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition B further includes a polymerization catalyst. 7. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition A further includes an ultraviolet absorber. 8. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition has a water content of 300 ppm by mass or less. 9. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the polythiol component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 4,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 4,8-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 5,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), butanediol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), butanediol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(2-mercaptoacetate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate). 10. The method for producing a polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. 11. A method for producing an optical component, the method comprising:
a step of injecting the polymerizable composition obtained by the production method according to claim 1 into a molding die; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition. 12. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 11, wherein the optical component is a spectacle lens substrate. | 2,800 |
343,060 | 16,642,776 | 2,883 | A diffusion sheet, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device are disclosed. The diffusion sheet comprises a base layer, a white printed layer and a black printed layer. The base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region. The white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region. In a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order. An orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. In this way, the white printed layer can block a shadow which is formed by reflection of the black printed layer from the prismatic sheet, and thus improve the display quality. | 1. A diffusion sheet, comprising a base layer, a white printed layer, and a black printed layer;
wherein the base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region; wherein the white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region, and in a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order; and wherein an orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. 2. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located, and the white printed layer is arranged between the black printed layer and the light incident surface of the base layer. 3. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged between the white printed layer and the light exit surface of the base layer. 4. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located. 5. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein in a direction from the peripheral region to the light transmitting region, a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer, and a side face of the white printed layer away from the light transmitting region and a side face of the black printed layer away from the light transmitting region are flush with a side face of the base layer. 6. The diffusion sheet of claim 5, wherein a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.6 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2 mm, and a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.8 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2.2 mm. 7. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein both the black printed layer and the white printed layer are made from trimethyl cyclohexenone. 8. A backlight module, comprising a back light source and a light guide plate, wherein the back light source is arranged on a side face of the light guide plate,
wherein the backlight module further comprises the diffusion sheet of claim 1, the diffusion sheet is arranged on a side of a side of the light guide plate where a light exit surface is located, and the peripheral region of the base layer is arranged close to the back light source. 9. The backlight module of claim 8, further comprising a prismatic sheet which is arranged on a side of the diffusion sheet away from the light exit surface of the light guide plate,
wherein the prismatic sheet comprises a first surface and a second surface which are parallel with the light exit surface of the light guide plate, and side face connecting the first surface and the second surface, the first surface and the second surface are planar surfaces, the side face is an inclined surface, and an intersection angle between the inclined surface and a horizontal plane which points from the peripheral region to the back light source direction is an acute angle; and wherein an orthographic projection of a side edge of the white printed layer close to the light transmitting region on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the inclined surface on the base layer. 10. The backlight module of claim 9, wherein the acute angle is larger than or equal to 75°. 11. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising the backlight module of claim 8. 12. A display device, comprising the liquid crystal display panel of claim 11. | A diffusion sheet, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device are disclosed. The diffusion sheet comprises a base layer, a white printed layer and a black printed layer. The base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region. The white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region. In a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order. An orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. In this way, the white printed layer can block a shadow which is formed by reflection of the black printed layer from the prismatic sheet, and thus improve the display quality.1. A diffusion sheet, comprising a base layer, a white printed layer, and a black printed layer;
wherein the base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region; wherein the white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region, and in a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order; and wherein an orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. 2. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located, and the white printed layer is arranged between the black printed layer and the light incident surface of the base layer. 3. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged between the white printed layer and the light exit surface of the base layer. 4. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located. 5. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein in a direction from the peripheral region to the light transmitting region, a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer, and a side face of the white printed layer away from the light transmitting region and a side face of the black printed layer away from the light transmitting region are flush with a side face of the base layer. 6. The diffusion sheet of claim 5, wherein a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.6 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2 mm, and a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.8 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2.2 mm. 7. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein both the black printed layer and the white printed layer are made from trimethyl cyclohexenone. 8. A backlight module, comprising a back light source and a light guide plate, wherein the back light source is arranged on a side face of the light guide plate,
wherein the backlight module further comprises the diffusion sheet of claim 1, the diffusion sheet is arranged on a side of a side of the light guide plate where a light exit surface is located, and the peripheral region of the base layer is arranged close to the back light source. 9. The backlight module of claim 8, further comprising a prismatic sheet which is arranged on a side of the diffusion sheet away from the light exit surface of the light guide plate,
wherein the prismatic sheet comprises a first surface and a second surface which are parallel with the light exit surface of the light guide plate, and side face connecting the first surface and the second surface, the first surface and the second surface are planar surfaces, the side face is an inclined surface, and an intersection angle between the inclined surface and a horizontal plane which points from the peripheral region to the back light source direction is an acute angle; and wherein an orthographic projection of a side edge of the white printed layer close to the light transmitting region on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the inclined surface on the base layer. 10. The backlight module of claim 9, wherein the acute angle is larger than or equal to 75°. 11. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising the backlight module of claim 8. 12. A display device, comprising the liquid crystal display panel of claim 11. | 2,800 |
343,061 | 16,642,810 | 2,883 | A diffusion sheet, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device are disclosed. The diffusion sheet comprises a base layer, a white printed layer and a black printed layer. The base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region. The white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region. In a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order. An orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. In this way, the white printed layer can block a shadow which is formed by reflection of the black printed layer from the prismatic sheet, and thus improve the display quality. | 1. A diffusion sheet, comprising a base layer, a white printed layer, and a black printed layer;
wherein the base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region; wherein the white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region, and in a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order; and wherein an orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. 2. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located, and the white printed layer is arranged between the black printed layer and the light incident surface of the base layer. 3. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged between the white printed layer and the light exit surface of the base layer. 4. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located. 5. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein in a direction from the peripheral region to the light transmitting region, a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer, and a side face of the white printed layer away from the light transmitting region and a side face of the black printed layer away from the light transmitting region are flush with a side face of the base layer. 6. The diffusion sheet of claim 5, wherein a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.6 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2 mm, and a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.8 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2.2 mm. 7. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein both the black printed layer and the white printed layer are made from trimethyl cyclohexenone. 8. A backlight module, comprising a back light source and a light guide plate, wherein the back light source is arranged on a side face of the light guide plate,
wherein the backlight module further comprises the diffusion sheet of claim 1, the diffusion sheet is arranged on a side of a side of the light guide plate where a light exit surface is located, and the peripheral region of the base layer is arranged close to the back light source. 9. The backlight module of claim 8, further comprising a prismatic sheet which is arranged on a side of the diffusion sheet away from the light exit surface of the light guide plate,
wherein the prismatic sheet comprises a first surface and a second surface which are parallel with the light exit surface of the light guide plate, and side face connecting the first surface and the second surface, the first surface and the second surface are planar surfaces, the side face is an inclined surface, and an intersection angle between the inclined surface and a horizontal plane which points from the peripheral region to the back light source direction is an acute angle; and wherein an orthographic projection of a side edge of the white printed layer close to the light transmitting region on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the inclined surface on the base layer. 10. The backlight module of claim 9, wherein the acute angle is larger than or equal to 75°. 11. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising the backlight module of claim 8. 12. A display device, comprising the liquid crystal display panel of claim 11. | A diffusion sheet, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device are disclosed. The diffusion sheet comprises a base layer, a white printed layer and a black printed layer. The base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region. The white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region. In a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order. An orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. In this way, the white printed layer can block a shadow which is formed by reflection of the black printed layer from the prismatic sheet, and thus improve the display quality.1. A diffusion sheet, comprising a base layer, a white printed layer, and a black printed layer;
wherein the base layer comprises a peripheral region and a light transmitting region; wherein the white printed layer and the black printed layer are arranged in the peripheral region, and in a direction from a light incident surface to a light exit surface of the base layer, the black printed layer and the white printed layer are arranged in this order; and wherein an orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer. 2. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located, and the white printed layer is arranged between the black printed layer and the light incident surface of the base layer. 3. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged between the white printed layer and the light exit surface of the base layer. 4. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein the white printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light exit surface is located, and the black printed layer is arranged on a side of the base layer where the light incident surface is located. 5. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein in a direction from the peripheral region to the light transmitting region, a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer, and a side face of the white printed layer away from the light transmitting region and a side face of the black printed layer away from the light transmitting region are flush with a side face of the base layer. 6. The diffusion sheet of claim 5, wherein a width of the orthographic projection of the black printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.6 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2 mm, and a width of the orthographic projection of the white printed layer on the base layer is larger than or equal to 1.8 mm and is smaller than or equal to 2.2 mm. 7. The diffusion sheet of claim 1, wherein both the black printed layer and the white printed layer are made from trimethyl cyclohexenone. 8. A backlight module, comprising a back light source and a light guide plate, wherein the back light source is arranged on a side face of the light guide plate,
wherein the backlight module further comprises the diffusion sheet of claim 1, the diffusion sheet is arranged on a side of a side of the light guide plate where a light exit surface is located, and the peripheral region of the base layer is arranged close to the back light source. 9. The backlight module of claim 8, further comprising a prismatic sheet which is arranged on a side of the diffusion sheet away from the light exit surface of the light guide plate,
wherein the prismatic sheet comprises a first surface and a second surface which are parallel with the light exit surface of the light guide plate, and side face connecting the first surface and the second surface, the first surface and the second surface are planar surfaces, the side face is an inclined surface, and an intersection angle between the inclined surface and a horizontal plane which points from the peripheral region to the back light source direction is an acute angle; and wherein an orthographic projection of a side edge of the white printed layer close to the light transmitting region on the base layer falls within an orthographic projection of the inclined surface on the base layer. 10. The backlight module of claim 9, wherein the acute angle is larger than or equal to 75°. 11. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising the backlight module of claim 8. 12. A display device, comprising the liquid crystal display panel of claim 11. | 2,800 |
343,062 | 16,642,749 | 2,883 | A passenger seat voice communication system (100) for a passenger seat of a passenger vehicle includes a first communication device (102A) that supports voice communication. The first communication (102A) device includes a receiver (108) and a video monitor (110). The system includes a second communication device (102B) configured to support voice communication at a second passenger seat. The system also includes a controller (104) that receives from the first communication device (102A) a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat, and sends the request to the second communication device (102B). If the request is accepted by the second communication device (102B), the controller (104) establishes voice communication between the first communication device (102A) and the second communication device (102B). | 1. A passenger seat voice communication system comprising:
a first communication device on a first passenger seat and configured to support voice communication at the first passenger seat, the first communication device comprising:
a receiver on the first passenger seat and configured to connect to an input device, receive a microphone signal from the input device, and distribute an audio signal to the input device; and
a video monitor associated with the first passenger seat;
a second communication device on a second passenger seat and configured to support voice communication at the second passenger seat; an attendant communication device configured to support voice communication at an attendant station; and a controller configured to:
provide to the first passenger seat a contact listing comprising the second passenger seat and the attendant station through the video monitor;
receive from the first communication device a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat or the attendant communication device;
based on the selection of the second passenger seat, send the request to establish voice communication to the second communication device, and if the request to establish voice communication is accepted by the second communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the second communication device; and
based on the selection of the attendant communication device, send the request to establish voice communication to attendant communication device, and if the request to establish voice communication is accepted by the attendant communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the attendant communication device. 2. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a multi-function jack on the first passenger seat. 3. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a wireless receiver on the first passenger seat. 4. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 3, wherein the wireless receiver is a Bluetooth wireless receiver. 5. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the second communication device comprises:
a receiver on the second passenger seat and configured to connect to a second input device, receive a microphone signal from the second input device, and distribute an audio signal to the second input device; and a video monitor on the second passenger seat. 6. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to display a status message on the video monitor if the request is declined by the second communication device or attendant station based on the selection. 7. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, further comprising a third communication device on a third passenger seat and configured to support voice communication at a third passenger seat, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide the third passenger seat with the contact listing to the first passenger seat; receive from the first communication device a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat and the third passenger seat; and send the request to the second communication device and third communication device and if the request is accepted by the second communication device and third communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device, second communication device, and third communication device. 8. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the attendant communication device comprises:
a receiver configured to connect to a third input device, receive a microphone signal from the third input device, and distribute an audio signal to the third input device; and a video monitor. 9. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the video monitor of the first communication device is an In-Flight Entertainment monitor. 10. A passenger seat voice communication system comprising:
a first communication device on a first passenger seat and configured to support voice communication, the first communication device comprising:
a receiver on the first passenger seat and configured to connect to an input device, receive a microphone signal from the input device, and distribute an audio signal to the input device; and
a video monitor associated with the first passenger seat;
a second communication device on a second passenger seat and configured to support voice communication; and a controller configured to:
provide to the first passenger seat a contact listing comprising the second passenger seat through the video monitor;
receive from the first communication device a request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat; and
send the request to the second communication device, and if the request is accepted by the second communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the second communication device. 11. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, further comprising a third passenger seat comprising a third communication device configured to support voice communication, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide the third passenger seat with the contact listing to the first passenger seat; receive from the first communication device a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat and the third passenger seat; and send the request to the second communication device and third communication device and if the request is accepted by the second communication device and third communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device, second communication device, and third communication device. 12. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, wherein the second communication device comprises:
a receiver on the second passenger seat and configured to connect to a second input device, receive a microphone signal from the second input device, and distribute an audio signal to the second input device; and a video monitor. 13. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises a multi-function jack on the first passenger seat. 14. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises a wireless receiver on the first passenger seat. 15. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 14, wherein the wireless receiver is a Bluetooth wireless receiver. 16. A passenger seat assembly comprising:
a first passenger seat comprising a first communication device, the first communication device comprising:
a receiver on the first passenger seat configured to:
connect to an input device;
receive a microphone signal from the input device; and
distribute an audio signal to the input device; and
a video monitor associated with the first passenger seat;
a second passenger seat comprising a second communication device on the second passenger seat, the second communication device configured to support voice communication; and a controller configured to:
provide to the first passenger seat a contact listing comprising the second passenger seat through the video monitor;
receive from the first communication device a request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat; and
send the request to the second communication device, and if the request is accepted by the second communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the second communication device. 17. The passenger seat assembly of claim 16, wherein the receiver comprises a multi-function jack on the passenger seat. 18. The passenger seat assembly of claim 16, wherein the receiver comprises a wireless receiver on the passenger seat. 19. The passenger seat assembly of claim 18, wherein the wireless receiver is a Bluetooth wireless receiver. 20. The passenger seat assembly of claim 16, wherein the video monitor is an In-Flight Entertainment monitor. | A passenger seat voice communication system (100) for a passenger seat of a passenger vehicle includes a first communication device (102A) that supports voice communication. The first communication (102A) device includes a receiver (108) and a video monitor (110). The system includes a second communication device (102B) configured to support voice communication at a second passenger seat. The system also includes a controller (104) that receives from the first communication device (102A) a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat, and sends the request to the second communication device (102B). If the request is accepted by the second communication device (102B), the controller (104) establishes voice communication between the first communication device (102A) and the second communication device (102B).1. A passenger seat voice communication system comprising:
a first communication device on a first passenger seat and configured to support voice communication at the first passenger seat, the first communication device comprising:
a receiver on the first passenger seat and configured to connect to an input device, receive a microphone signal from the input device, and distribute an audio signal to the input device; and
a video monitor associated with the first passenger seat;
a second communication device on a second passenger seat and configured to support voice communication at the second passenger seat; an attendant communication device configured to support voice communication at an attendant station; and a controller configured to:
provide to the first passenger seat a contact listing comprising the second passenger seat and the attendant station through the video monitor;
receive from the first communication device a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat or the attendant communication device;
based on the selection of the second passenger seat, send the request to establish voice communication to the second communication device, and if the request to establish voice communication is accepted by the second communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the second communication device; and
based on the selection of the attendant communication device, send the request to establish voice communication to attendant communication device, and if the request to establish voice communication is accepted by the attendant communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the attendant communication device. 2. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a multi-function jack on the first passenger seat. 3. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a wireless receiver on the first passenger seat. 4. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 3, wherein the wireless receiver is a Bluetooth wireless receiver. 5. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the second communication device comprises:
a receiver on the second passenger seat and configured to connect to a second input device, receive a microphone signal from the second input device, and distribute an audio signal to the second input device; and a video monitor on the second passenger seat. 6. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to display a status message on the video monitor if the request is declined by the second communication device or attendant station based on the selection. 7. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, further comprising a third communication device on a third passenger seat and configured to support voice communication at a third passenger seat, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide the third passenger seat with the contact listing to the first passenger seat; receive from the first communication device a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat and the third passenger seat; and send the request to the second communication device and third communication device and if the request is accepted by the second communication device and third communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device, second communication device, and third communication device. 8. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the attendant communication device comprises:
a receiver configured to connect to a third input device, receive a microphone signal from the third input device, and distribute an audio signal to the third input device; and a video monitor. 9. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 1, wherein the video monitor of the first communication device is an In-Flight Entertainment monitor. 10. A passenger seat voice communication system comprising:
a first communication device on a first passenger seat and configured to support voice communication, the first communication device comprising:
a receiver on the first passenger seat and configured to connect to an input device, receive a microphone signal from the input device, and distribute an audio signal to the input device; and
a video monitor associated with the first passenger seat;
a second communication device on a second passenger seat and configured to support voice communication; and a controller configured to:
provide to the first passenger seat a contact listing comprising the second passenger seat through the video monitor;
receive from the first communication device a request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat; and
send the request to the second communication device, and if the request is accepted by the second communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the second communication device. 11. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, further comprising a third passenger seat comprising a third communication device configured to support voice communication, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide the third passenger seat with the contact listing to the first passenger seat; receive from the first communication device a selection and request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat and the third passenger seat; and send the request to the second communication device and third communication device and if the request is accepted by the second communication device and third communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device, second communication device, and third communication device. 12. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, wherein the second communication device comprises:
a receiver on the second passenger seat and configured to connect to a second input device, receive a microphone signal from the second input device, and distribute an audio signal to the second input device; and a video monitor. 13. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises a multi-function jack on the first passenger seat. 14. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises a wireless receiver on the first passenger seat. 15. The passenger seat voice communication system of claim 14, wherein the wireless receiver is a Bluetooth wireless receiver. 16. A passenger seat assembly comprising:
a first passenger seat comprising a first communication device, the first communication device comprising:
a receiver on the first passenger seat configured to:
connect to an input device;
receive a microphone signal from the input device; and
distribute an audio signal to the input device; and
a video monitor associated with the first passenger seat;
a second passenger seat comprising a second communication device on the second passenger seat, the second communication device configured to support voice communication; and a controller configured to:
provide to the first passenger seat a contact listing comprising the second passenger seat through the video monitor;
receive from the first communication device a request to establish voice communication with the second passenger seat; and
send the request to the second communication device, and if the request is accepted by the second communication device, establish voice communication between the first communication device and the second communication device. 17. The passenger seat assembly of claim 16, wherein the receiver comprises a multi-function jack on the passenger seat. 18. The passenger seat assembly of claim 16, wherein the receiver comprises a wireless receiver on the passenger seat. 19. The passenger seat assembly of claim 18, wherein the wireless receiver is a Bluetooth wireless receiver. 20. The passenger seat assembly of claim 16, wherein the video monitor is an In-Flight Entertainment monitor. | 2,800 |
343,063 | 16,642,777 | 2,883 | Preparations including FSH, for example recombinant FSH, for use in the treatment of infertility in patients having high AMH and low bodyweight. | 1. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient having AMH≥15 pmol/L and bodyweight <60 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 2. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the treatment of infertility includes determining the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient. 3. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient identified as having AMH 15 pmol/L and identified as having bodyweight <60 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 4. A composition for use according to claim 3, wherein the treatment of infertility includes a step of identifying the patient based on the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient. 5. A composition for use according to any preceding claim for treatment of a patient having, or identified as having, bodyweight <59 kg, for example <56 kg, for example <55 kg, for example <52 kg, for example <50 kg, for example <45 kg, for example <42 kg, for example <31.5 kg. 6. A composition for use according to any preceding claim for treatment of a patient having, or identified as having, AMH≥16 pmol/L, for example AMH≥19 pmol/L, for example AMH≥26 pmol/L, for example AMH≥28 pmol/L, for example AMH≥30 pmol/L, for example AMH≥40 pmol/L. 7. A composition for use according to any preceding claim for treatment of a patient identified as having bodyweight <52 kg and AMH≥26 pmol/L. 8. A composition for use according to claim 7 wherein the treatment of infertility includes a step of identifying the patient based on the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient, and a step of administering the dose to the patient having AMH≥26 pmol/L and bodyweight <52 kg. 9. A composition for use according to any preceding claim, for treatment of infertility in an Asian patient. 10. A composition for use according to any preceding claim comprising a daily dose of 6 μg recombinant FSH. 11. A composition for use according to any preceding claim wherein the FSH is recombinant FSH. 12. A composition for use according to any preceding claim wherein the recombinant FSH includes α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation. 13. A medicament for treatment of infertility in an Asian (e.g. Japanese) patient comprising recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); wherein the medicament is administered to an Asian (e.g. Japanese) patient identified as having serum AMH level of ≥15 pmol/L and bodyweight less than 60 kg; and wherein the medicament is administered at a daily dose of, or daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 14. A medicament for use according to claim 14, wherein the treatment of infertility includes a step of determining the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient, and a step of administering the dose to a patient having the defined serum AMH level and bodyweight. 15. A method of treatment of infertility comprising a step of administering a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH to a patient (e.g. a female patient) identified as having AMH≥15 pmol/L (for example AMH≥16 pmol/L, for example AMH 19 pmol/L, for example AMH≥26 pmol/L, for example AMH≥28 pmol/L, for example AMH≥40 pmol/L) and identified as having bodyweight <60 kg (e.g. bodyweight <55 kg, for example <52 kg, for example <50 kg, for example <45 kg). 16. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient having AMH≥26 pmol/L and bodyweight <52 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 17. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient having AMH≥26 pmol/L and bodyweight <61 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. | Preparations including FSH, for example recombinant FSH, for use in the treatment of infertility in patients having high AMH and low bodyweight.1. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient having AMH≥15 pmol/L and bodyweight <60 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 2. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the treatment of infertility includes determining the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient. 3. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient identified as having AMH 15 pmol/L and identified as having bodyweight <60 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 4. A composition for use according to claim 3, wherein the treatment of infertility includes a step of identifying the patient based on the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient. 5. A composition for use according to any preceding claim for treatment of a patient having, or identified as having, bodyweight <59 kg, for example <56 kg, for example <55 kg, for example <52 kg, for example <50 kg, for example <45 kg, for example <42 kg, for example <31.5 kg. 6. A composition for use according to any preceding claim for treatment of a patient having, or identified as having, AMH≥16 pmol/L, for example AMH≥19 pmol/L, for example AMH≥26 pmol/L, for example AMH≥28 pmol/L, for example AMH≥30 pmol/L, for example AMH≥40 pmol/L. 7. A composition for use according to any preceding claim for treatment of a patient identified as having bodyweight <52 kg and AMH≥26 pmol/L. 8. A composition for use according to claim 7 wherein the treatment of infertility includes a step of identifying the patient based on the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient, and a step of administering the dose to the patient having AMH≥26 pmol/L and bodyweight <52 kg. 9. A composition for use according to any preceding claim, for treatment of infertility in an Asian patient. 10. A composition for use according to any preceding claim comprising a daily dose of 6 μg recombinant FSH. 11. A composition for use according to any preceding claim wherein the FSH is recombinant FSH. 12. A composition for use according to any preceding claim wherein the recombinant FSH includes α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation. 13. A medicament for treatment of infertility in an Asian (e.g. Japanese) patient comprising recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); wherein the medicament is administered to an Asian (e.g. Japanese) patient identified as having serum AMH level of ≥15 pmol/L and bodyweight less than 60 kg; and wherein the medicament is administered at a daily dose of, or daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 14. A medicament for use according to claim 14, wherein the treatment of infertility includes a step of determining the serum AMH level and bodyweight of the patient, and a step of administering the dose to a patient having the defined serum AMH level and bodyweight. 15. A method of treatment of infertility comprising a step of administering a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH to a patient (e.g. a female patient) identified as having AMH≥15 pmol/L (for example AMH≥16 pmol/L, for example AMH 19 pmol/L, for example AMH≥26 pmol/L, for example AMH≥28 pmol/L, for example AMH≥40 pmol/L) and identified as having bodyweight <60 kg (e.g. bodyweight <55 kg, for example <52 kg, for example <50 kg, for example <45 kg). 16. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient having AMH≥26 pmol/L and bodyweight <52 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. 17. A composition for use in the treatment of infertility in a patient having AMH≥26 pmol/L and bodyweight <61 kg, the composition comprising a daily dose of, or a daily dose equivalent to, 6 to 8 μg recombinant FSH. | 2,800 |
343,064 | 16,642,764 | 2,883 | Circuitry of a gaze/eye tracking system obtains one or more images of a left eye and one or more images a right eye, determines a gaze direction of the left eye based on at least one obtained image of the left eye, determines a gaze direction of the right eye based on at least one obtained image of the right eye, determines a first confidence value based on the one or more obtained images of the left eye, determines a second confidence value based on the one or more obtained images of the right eye, and determines a final gaze direction based at least in part on the first confidence value and the second confidence value. The first and second confidence values represent indications of the reliability of the determined gaze directions of the left eye and the right eye, respectively. Corresponding methods and computer-readable media are also provided. | 1.-23. (canceled) 24. A method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device, wherein the wearable device comprises an eye tracking device and an outward facing image sensor, and wherein the method comprises:
receiving input data comprising a predefined image; receiving dynamic area content information; receiving a scene image from the outward facing image sensor; determining, with at least the eye tracking device, a gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor; determining, based at least in part on the input data, that the scene image includes at least a remaining portion of the predefined image, wherein the remaining portion of the predefined image does not include the dynamic area content information; determining a position of the remaining portion of the predefined image in the scene image; determining, based on the at least the gaze direction and the position, a gaze point on the predefined image. 25. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, further including:
determining a confidence value representing the probability that the gaze direction of a wearer is directed towards the predefined image. 26. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 25, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on the remaining portion of the predefined image. 27. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 25, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on one or more of: 3D information about the real world captured in the scene image, levelness of motion-blur in the scene image. 28. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually mapped area of the predefined image. 29. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually identified presence of the predefined image in the scene image. 30. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, wherein the input data comprises:
a plurality of identified instances of the predefined image in video received from the outward facing image sensor. 31. A system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device, wherein the system comprises:
one or more processors configured to at least:
receive an input parameter comprising a predefined image;
receive dynamic area content information;
receive a scene image from an outward facing image sensor of a wearable device;
determine, with at least an eye tracking device of the wearable device, a gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor;
determine, based at least in part on the input data, that the scene image includes at least a remaining portion of the predefined image, wherein the remaining portion of the predefined image does not include the dynamic area content information;
determine a position of the remaining portion of the predefined image;
determine, based at least on the gaze direction and the position, a gaze point on the predefined image. 32. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 31, further including:
determine a confidence value representing the probability that the gaze direction of a wearer is directed towards the predefined image 33. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 32, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on the remaining portion of the predefined image. 34. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 32, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on one or more of: 3D information about the real world captured in the scene image, levelness of motion-blur in the scene image 35. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 31, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually mapped area of the predefined image. 36. A non-transitory machine readable medium having instructions stored thereon for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device, wherein the instructions are executable by one or more processors for at least:
receiving input data comprising a predefined; receiving dynamic area content information; receiving a scene image from an outward facing image sensor of a wearable device; determining, with at least an eye tracking device of the wearable device, a gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor; determining, based at least in part on the input data, that the scene image includes at least a remaining portion of the predefined image, wherein the remaining portion of the predefined image does not include the dynamic area content information; determining a position of the remaining portion in the scene image; determining, based on the at least the gaze direction and the position, a gaze point on the predefined image. 37. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 36, further including:
determining a confidence value representing the probability that the gaze direction of a wearer is directed towards the predefined image 38. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 37:
determining the confidence value is based on the remaining portion of the predefined image 39. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 37, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on one or more of: 3D information about the real world captured in the scene image, levelness of motion-blur in the scene image 40. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 36, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually mapped area of the predefined image. | Circuitry of a gaze/eye tracking system obtains one or more images of a left eye and one or more images a right eye, determines a gaze direction of the left eye based on at least one obtained image of the left eye, determines a gaze direction of the right eye based on at least one obtained image of the right eye, determines a first confidence value based on the one or more obtained images of the left eye, determines a second confidence value based on the one or more obtained images of the right eye, and determines a final gaze direction based at least in part on the first confidence value and the second confidence value. The first and second confidence values represent indications of the reliability of the determined gaze directions of the left eye and the right eye, respectively. Corresponding methods and computer-readable media are also provided.1.-23. (canceled) 24. A method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device, wherein the wearable device comprises an eye tracking device and an outward facing image sensor, and wherein the method comprises:
receiving input data comprising a predefined image; receiving dynamic area content information; receiving a scene image from the outward facing image sensor; determining, with at least the eye tracking device, a gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor; determining, based at least in part on the input data, that the scene image includes at least a remaining portion of the predefined image, wherein the remaining portion of the predefined image does not include the dynamic area content information; determining a position of the remaining portion of the predefined image in the scene image; determining, based on the at least the gaze direction and the position, a gaze point on the predefined image. 25. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, further including:
determining a confidence value representing the probability that the gaze direction of a wearer is directed towards the predefined image. 26. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 25, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on the remaining portion of the predefined image. 27. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 25, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on one or more of: 3D information about the real world captured in the scene image, levelness of motion-blur in the scene image. 28. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually mapped area of the predefined image. 29. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually identified presence of the predefined image in the scene image. 30. The method for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 24, wherein the input data comprises:
a plurality of identified instances of the predefined image in video received from the outward facing image sensor. 31. A system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device, wherein the system comprises:
one or more processors configured to at least:
receive an input parameter comprising a predefined image;
receive dynamic area content information;
receive a scene image from an outward facing image sensor of a wearable device;
determine, with at least an eye tracking device of the wearable device, a gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor;
determine, based at least in part on the input data, that the scene image includes at least a remaining portion of the predefined image, wherein the remaining portion of the predefined image does not include the dynamic area content information;
determine a position of the remaining portion of the predefined image;
determine, based at least on the gaze direction and the position, a gaze point on the predefined image. 32. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 31, further including:
determine a confidence value representing the probability that the gaze direction of a wearer is directed towards the predefined image 33. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 32, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on the remaining portion of the predefined image. 34. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 32, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on one or more of: 3D information about the real world captured in the scene image, levelness of motion-blur in the scene image 35. The system for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device of claim 31, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually mapped area of the predefined image. 36. A non-transitory machine readable medium having instructions stored thereon for determining a correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device, wherein the instructions are executable by one or more processors for at least:
receiving input data comprising a predefined; receiving dynamic area content information; receiving a scene image from an outward facing image sensor of a wearable device; determining, with at least an eye tracking device of the wearable device, a gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor; determining, based at least in part on the input data, that the scene image includes at least a remaining portion of the predefined image, wherein the remaining portion of the predefined image does not include the dynamic area content information; determining a position of the remaining portion in the scene image; determining, based on the at least the gaze direction and the position, a gaze point on the predefined image. 37. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 36, further including:
determining a confidence value representing the probability that the gaze direction of a wearer is directed towards the predefined image 38. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 37:
determining the confidence value is based on the remaining portion of the predefined image 39. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 37, wherein:
determining the confidence value is based on one or more of: 3D information about the real world captured in the scene image, levelness of motion-blur in the scene image 40. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 36, wherein the input data comprises:
a manually mapped area of the predefined image. | 2,800 |
343,065 | 16,642,790 | 2,883 | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of computers, and particularly relates to a data sharing method and an apparatus, and an electronic device. The method is applied to a mobile terminal. A display screen of the mobile terminal is a bendable display screen. The method includes determining a first application and a second application in the display screen; and in a case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, sharing the first data information of the first application to the second application. | 1. A data sharing method, applied to a mobile terminal, a display screen of the mobile terminal being a bendable display screen, the method comprising:
determining a first application and a second application in the display screen; and in a case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, sharing first data information of the first application to the second application. 2. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, sharing the first data information of the first application to the second application comprises:
determining the first data information, to be shared, of the first application; determining a receiving position where the second application receives the first data information; and in the case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, extracting the first data information from the first application, sending the first data information to the second application, and putting the first data information at the receiving position. 3. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in a case that the receiving position is within a search bar of the second application,
the method further comprises: searching according to the first data information in the search bar, and displaying searched content. 4. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in a case that the first data information is text,
the method further comprises: judging whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application, adjusting the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application. 5. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the method further comprises:
determining at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information comprises: based on at least one determined second application, determining the receiving position where the first data information is received. 6. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the display screen is divided into a first display area and a second display area, the first application is displayed in the first display area, the second display area is divided into a first sub-display area, a second sub-display area and a third sub-display area, and the plurality of second applications are respectively displayed in the first sub-display area, the second sub-display area and the third sub-display area;
the bending direction of the display screen comprises a first direction, a second direction and a third direction; determining at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to the bending direction of the display screen, comprises: in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the first direction, determining that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the first sub-display area; in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the second direction, determining that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the second sub-display area; and in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the third direction, determining that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the third sub-display area. 7. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a bottom side of the first sub-display area and a bottom side of the third sub-display area are respectively provided with at least one infrared sensor, and determining the first direction, the second direction and the third direction specifically comprises:
in a case that it is detected that the first display area is bent toward the second display area, judging whether the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area detects a return signal and whether the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area detects a return signal; if the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area detects the return signal and the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area does not detect the return signal, determining that the bending direction of the display screen is the first direction; if the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area detects the return signal and the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area also detects the return signal, determining that the bending direction of the display screen is the second direction; and if the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area does not detect the return signal and the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area detects the return signal, determining that the bending direction of the display screen is the third direction. 8. A data sharing apparatus, applicable to a mobile terminal, a display screen of the mobile terminal being a bendable display screen, the apparatus comprising:
a determination component, configured to determine a first application and a second application in the display screen; and a sharing component, configured to share first data information of the first application to the second application in a case that it is detected that the display screen is bent. 9. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the sharing component comprises:
a first determination unit, configured to determine the first data information, to be shared, of the first application; a second determination unit, configured to determine a receiving position where the second application receives the first data information; and a processing unit, configured to extract the first data information from the first application, send the first data information to the second application, and put the first data information at the receiving position in the case that it is detected that the display screen is bent. 10. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein
in a case that the receiving position is within a search bar of the second application, the apparatus further comprises: a search component, configured to search according to the first data information in the search bar, and display searched content. 11. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein
in a case that the first data information is text, the apparatus further comprises: a judging component, configured to judge whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and an adjusting component, configured to adjust the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application. 12. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein
in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the sharing component further comprises: a third determination unit, configured to determine at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; the second determination unit is configured to determine the receiving position where the first data information is received based on at least one determined second application. 13. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the display screen is divided into a first display area and a second display area, the first application is displayed in the first display area, the second display area is divided into a first sub-display area, a second sub-display area and a third sub-display area, and the plurality of second applications are respectively displayed in the first sub-display area, the second sub-display area and the third sub-display area;
the bending direction of the display screen comprises a first direction, a second direction and a third direction; the third determination unit comprises: a first determination sub-unit, configured to determine that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the first sub-display area in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the first direction; a second determination sub-unit, configured to determine that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the second sub-display area in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the second direction; and a third determination sub-unit, configured to determine that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the third sub-display area in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the third direction. 14. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores an instruction executable by the processor, and the instruction is executed by the processor such that the processor executes the method as claimed in claim 1. 15. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in a case that the first data information is text,
the method further comprises: judging whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application, adjusting the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application. 16. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the method further comprises:
determining at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information comprises: based on at least one determined second application, determining the receiving position where the first data information is received. 17. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein
in a case that the first data information is text, the apparatus further comprises: a judging component, configured to judge whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and an adjusting component, configured to adjust the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application. 18. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein
in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the sharing component further comprises: a third determination unit, configured to determine at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; the second determination unit is configured to determine the receiving position where the first data information is received based on at least one determined second application. 19. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores an instruction executable by the processor, and the instruction is executed by the processor such that the processor executes the method as claimed in claim 2. 20. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores an instruction executable by the processor, and the instruction is executed by the processor such that the processor executes the method as claimed in claim 3. | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of computers, and particularly relates to a data sharing method and an apparatus, and an electronic device. The method is applied to a mobile terminal. A display screen of the mobile terminal is a bendable display screen. The method includes determining a first application and a second application in the display screen; and in a case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, sharing the first data information of the first application to the second application.1. A data sharing method, applied to a mobile terminal, a display screen of the mobile terminal being a bendable display screen, the method comprising:
determining a first application and a second application in the display screen; and in a case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, sharing first data information of the first application to the second application. 2. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, sharing the first data information of the first application to the second application comprises:
determining the first data information, to be shared, of the first application; determining a receiving position where the second application receives the first data information; and in the case that it is detected that the display screen is bent, extracting the first data information from the first application, sending the first data information to the second application, and putting the first data information at the receiving position. 3. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in a case that the receiving position is within a search bar of the second application,
the method further comprises: searching according to the first data information in the search bar, and displaying searched content. 4. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in a case that the first data information is text,
the method further comprises: judging whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application, adjusting the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application. 5. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the method further comprises:
determining at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information comprises: based on at least one determined second application, determining the receiving position where the first data information is received. 6. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the display screen is divided into a first display area and a second display area, the first application is displayed in the first display area, the second display area is divided into a first sub-display area, a second sub-display area and a third sub-display area, and the plurality of second applications are respectively displayed in the first sub-display area, the second sub-display area and the third sub-display area;
the bending direction of the display screen comprises a first direction, a second direction and a third direction; determining at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to the bending direction of the display screen, comprises: in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the first direction, determining that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the first sub-display area; in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the second direction, determining that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the second sub-display area; and in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the third direction, determining that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the third sub-display area. 7. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a bottom side of the first sub-display area and a bottom side of the third sub-display area are respectively provided with at least one infrared sensor, and determining the first direction, the second direction and the third direction specifically comprises:
in a case that it is detected that the first display area is bent toward the second display area, judging whether the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area detects a return signal and whether the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area detects a return signal; if the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area detects the return signal and the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area does not detect the return signal, determining that the bending direction of the display screen is the first direction; if the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area detects the return signal and the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area also detects the return signal, determining that the bending direction of the display screen is the second direction; and if the infrared sensor corresponding to the first sub-display area does not detect the return signal and the infrared sensor corresponding to the third sub-display area detects the return signal, determining that the bending direction of the display screen is the third direction. 8. A data sharing apparatus, applicable to a mobile terminal, a display screen of the mobile terminal being a bendable display screen, the apparatus comprising:
a determination component, configured to determine a first application and a second application in the display screen; and a sharing component, configured to share first data information of the first application to the second application in a case that it is detected that the display screen is bent. 9. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the sharing component comprises:
a first determination unit, configured to determine the first data information, to be shared, of the first application; a second determination unit, configured to determine a receiving position where the second application receives the first data information; and a processing unit, configured to extract the first data information from the first application, send the first data information to the second application, and put the first data information at the receiving position in the case that it is detected that the display screen is bent. 10. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein
in a case that the receiving position is within a search bar of the second application, the apparatus further comprises: a search component, configured to search according to the first data information in the search bar, and display searched content. 11. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein
in a case that the first data information is text, the apparatus further comprises: a judging component, configured to judge whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and an adjusting component, configured to adjust the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application. 12. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein
in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the sharing component further comprises: a third determination unit, configured to determine at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; the second determination unit is configured to determine the receiving position where the first data information is received based on at least one determined second application. 13. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the display screen is divided into a first display area and a second display area, the first application is displayed in the first display area, the second display area is divided into a first sub-display area, a second sub-display area and a third sub-display area, and the plurality of second applications are respectively displayed in the first sub-display area, the second sub-display area and the third sub-display area;
the bending direction of the display screen comprises a first direction, a second direction and a third direction; the third determination unit comprises: a first determination sub-unit, configured to determine that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the first sub-display area in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the first direction; a second determination sub-unit, configured to determine that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the second sub-display area in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the second direction; and a third determination sub-unit, configured to determine that at least one second application for receiving the first data information is at least one second application corresponding to the third sub-display area in a case that the bending direction of the display screen is the third direction. 14. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores an instruction executable by the processor, and the instruction is executed by the processor such that the processor executes the method as claimed in claim 1. 15. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in a case that the first data information is text,
the method further comprises: judging whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application, adjusting the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application. 16. The data sharing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the method further comprises:
determining at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information comprises: based on at least one determined second application, determining the receiving position where the first data information is received. 17. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein
in a case that the first data information is text, the apparatus further comprises: a judging component, configured to judge whether a format of the first data information matches a format of text in the second application; and an adjusting component, configured to adjust the format of the first data information according to the format of the text in the second application if the format of the first data information does not match the format of the text in the second application. 18. The data sharing apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein
in a case that there are a plurality of second applications, before determining the receiving position where the second application receives the first data information, the sharing component further comprises: a third determination unit, configured to determine at least one of the plurality of second applications for receiving the first data information, according to a bending direction of the display screen; the second determination unit is configured to determine the receiving position where the first data information is received based on at least one determined second application. 19. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores an instruction executable by the processor, and the instruction is executed by the processor such that the processor executes the method as claimed in claim 2. 20. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores an instruction executable by the processor, and the instruction is executed by the processor such that the processor executes the method as claimed in claim 3. | 2,800 |
343,066 | 16,642,762 | 2,883 | Provided is an anesthetic composition for locally administrating an amide-type anesthetic into a subject in need thereof. The anesthetic composition has multilamellar vesicles with entrapped amide-type anesthetic prepared by hydrating a highly entrapped lipid structure comprising an amide-type anesthetic and a lipid mixture with an aqueous buffer solution at a pH higher than 5.5. Also provided is a method to prepare an anesthetic composition using a simpler and more feasible process for large-scale manufacture and for providing a high molar ratio of amide-type anesthetic to phospholipid content as compared to the prior art. This anesthetic composition has a prolonged duration of efficacy adapted to drug delivery. | 1. A method of preparing a sustained-release anesthetic composition, comprising:
creating a highly entrapped lipid structure (HELS) comprising:
at least one amide-type anesthetic, and
a lipid mixture including at least one phospholipid, and
hydrating the HELS with an aqueous buffer solution at a pH of 5.5 to 8.0: wherein hydrating the HELS forms multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) with entrapped amide-type anesthetic; and wherein the median diameter of the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic is at least 1 μm. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HELS is in a form of a cake, powder, non-film solid bulk, or a combination thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of amide-type anesthetic to phospholipid in the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic is at least 0.5:1. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method of creating the HELS comprises:
dissolving the lipid mixture and the at least one amide-type anesthetic in a solvent system to form a liquid structure; and removing the solvent system from the liquid structure. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of removing the solvent system includes lyophilizing or spray drying the liquid structure. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solvent system includes tert-butanol or a tert-butanol/water cosolvent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lipid mixture comprises cholesterol. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the mole percentage of cholesterol in the lipid mixture is not more than 50%. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the at least one phospholipid and cholesterol are at a molar ratio of from 1:0.01 to 1:1. 10. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one amide-type anesthetic is lidocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine, pyrrocaine, anicaine, or prilocaine. 11. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the at least one amide-type anesthetic is ropivacaine base. 12. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the aqueous buffer solution comprises histidine at a concentration ranging from 1 mM to 200 mM. 13. A sustained-release anesthetic composition for locally administering a local anesthetic to a subject in need thereof, wherein the composition is prepared by the method according to any of claims 1 to 9 and wherein the median diameter of the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic in the anesthetic composition is not less than 1 μm. 14. The sustained-release anesthetic composition according to claim 13, wherein the molar ratio of amide-type anesthetic to phospholipid in the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic is not less than 0.5:1. 15. The sustained-release anesthetic composition according to claim 13, wherein the at least one amide-type anesthetic is ropivacaine base. 16. The sustained-release anesthetic composition according to claim 13, wherein the aqueous buffer solution comprises histidine at a concentration ranging from 1 mM to 200 mM. | Provided is an anesthetic composition for locally administrating an amide-type anesthetic into a subject in need thereof. The anesthetic composition has multilamellar vesicles with entrapped amide-type anesthetic prepared by hydrating a highly entrapped lipid structure comprising an amide-type anesthetic and a lipid mixture with an aqueous buffer solution at a pH higher than 5.5. Also provided is a method to prepare an anesthetic composition using a simpler and more feasible process for large-scale manufacture and for providing a high molar ratio of amide-type anesthetic to phospholipid content as compared to the prior art. This anesthetic composition has a prolonged duration of efficacy adapted to drug delivery.1. A method of preparing a sustained-release anesthetic composition, comprising:
creating a highly entrapped lipid structure (HELS) comprising:
at least one amide-type anesthetic, and
a lipid mixture including at least one phospholipid, and
hydrating the HELS with an aqueous buffer solution at a pH of 5.5 to 8.0: wherein hydrating the HELS forms multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) with entrapped amide-type anesthetic; and wherein the median diameter of the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic is at least 1 μm. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HELS is in a form of a cake, powder, non-film solid bulk, or a combination thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of amide-type anesthetic to phospholipid in the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic is at least 0.5:1. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method of creating the HELS comprises:
dissolving the lipid mixture and the at least one amide-type anesthetic in a solvent system to form a liquid structure; and removing the solvent system from the liquid structure. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of removing the solvent system includes lyophilizing or spray drying the liquid structure. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solvent system includes tert-butanol or a tert-butanol/water cosolvent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lipid mixture comprises cholesterol. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the mole percentage of cholesterol in the lipid mixture is not more than 50%. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the at least one phospholipid and cholesterol are at a molar ratio of from 1:0.01 to 1:1. 10. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one amide-type anesthetic is lidocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine, pyrrocaine, anicaine, or prilocaine. 11. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the at least one amide-type anesthetic is ropivacaine base. 12. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the aqueous buffer solution comprises histidine at a concentration ranging from 1 mM to 200 mM. 13. A sustained-release anesthetic composition for locally administering a local anesthetic to a subject in need thereof, wherein the composition is prepared by the method according to any of claims 1 to 9 and wherein the median diameter of the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic in the anesthetic composition is not less than 1 μm. 14. The sustained-release anesthetic composition according to claim 13, wherein the molar ratio of amide-type anesthetic to phospholipid in the MLVs with entrapped amide-type anesthetic is not less than 0.5:1. 15. The sustained-release anesthetic composition according to claim 13, wherein the at least one amide-type anesthetic is ropivacaine base. 16. The sustained-release anesthetic composition according to claim 13, wherein the aqueous buffer solution comprises histidine at a concentration ranging from 1 mM to 200 mM. | 2,800 |
343,067 | 16,642,707 | 2,883 | Described are three-way conversion (TWC) catalytic articles effective to abate hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from an engine exhaust gas containing phosphorous impurities. The disclosed catalytic article has a layered catalytic material, wherein the first layer of the catalytic material is disposed directly on the substrate and a second layer is disposed on top of the first layer. The second layer includes phosphorus resistant materials that prevent catalytic poisoning of the catalytic article by the phosphorous impurities. In particular, the second layer includes a phosphorus trap material having an alkaline earth metal component and a rhodium component impregnated on a phosphorus-resistant support material. | 1. A TWC catalytic article, comprising:
a catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a first layer disposed on the substrate and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises:
a phosphorus trap material comprising an alkaline earth metal component and a metal oxide, wherein the alkaline earth metal component is supported on the metal oxide or the alkaline earth metal component is in the form of a composite with the metal oxide, and
a rhodium component impregnated on a phosphorus-resistant support material; and
wherein the catalytic material is effective for three-way conversion to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduce nitrogen oxides. 2-38. (canceled) 39. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the phosphorus-resistant support material is at least one zirconia-based support material selected from the group consisting of zirconia, lanthana-zirconia, titania-zirconia, titania-lanthana-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, baria-zirconia, strontia-zirconia, neodymia-zirconia, praseodymia-zirconia, tungsten oxide-zirconia, niobia-zirconia and yttria-zirconia. 40. TWC catalytic article of claim 39,
wherein the at least one zirconia-based support material is lanthana-zirconia., and the lanthana-zirconia comprises zirconia in an amount from 80 to 99 wt %. 41. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the second layer comprises the rhodium component in an amount from 0.05 to 5 wt %. 42. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the alkaline earth metal component is at least one selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and strontium oxide. 43. The TWC catalytic article of claim 42,
wherein the alkaline earth metal component is barium oxide, wherein the second layer comprises the barium oxide in an amount of from 1 to 40 wt %. 44. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania and ceria. 45. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the phosphorus trap material is a composite of barium oxide and alumina. 46. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1, further comprising:
a second rhodium component, wherein the second rhodium component is impregnated on at least one refractory metal oxide support selected from the group consisting of alumina, lanthana-alumina, ceria-alumina, zirconia-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, lanthana-zirconia-alumina and lanthana-neodymia alumina. 47. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1, further comprising:
a second rhodium component impregnated on at least one selected from the group consisting of ceria-zirconia, lanthana-ceria-zirconia, neodymia-ceria-zirconia, praseodymia-ceria-zirconia, yttria-ceria-zirconia, niobia-ceria-zirconia and strontia-ceria-zirconia. 48. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the first layer comprises a platinum group metal component impregnated on a first support material, and wherein at least a portion of the first support material is at least one oxygen storage component selected from the group consisting of ceria, zirconia, lanthana, yttria, neodymia, praseodymia and niobia or wherein at least a portion of the first support material is at least one refractory metal oxide support selected from the group consisting of alumina, lanthana-alumina, ceria-alumina, zirconia-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, lanthana-zirconia-alumina and lanthana-neodymia-alumina. 49. The TWC catalytic article of claim 48,
wherein the first layer further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, praseodymium oxide, yttrium oxide and neodymium oxide. 50. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the second layer is a physical mixture of the phosphorus trap material and the rhodium component impregnated on the phosphorus-resistant support material. 51. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the alkaline earth metal component is present in an amount of 1 to 20 wt % of the second layer. 52. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the phosphorus-resistant support material is lanthana-zirconia, and the alkaline earth metal component is barium oxide, the barium oxide being supported on alumina or the barium oxide being in the form of a barium oxide-alumina composite. 53. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the first layer comprises:
palladium impregnated on ceria-zirconia and lanthana-alumina, and barium oxide. 54. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the second layer is zoned into an upstream zone and a downstream zone, and the upstream zone comprises the phosphorus trap material. 55. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the substrate is a metal or ceramic monolithic honeycomb substrate. 56. A method for reducing CO, HC, and NOx levels in a gas stream, the method comprising:
contacting the gas stream with the TWC catalytic article of claim 1 for a time and at a temperature sufficient to reduce the levels of CO, HC, and NOx in the gas stream, wherein the CO, HC, and NOx levels in the gas stream are reduced by at least 50% compared to the CO, HC, and NOx levels in the gas stream prior to the contacting with the TWC catalytic article. 57. An emission treatment system, comprising:
an engine producing an exhaust gas stream; and the TWC catalytic article of claim 1 positioned downstream from the engine in fluid communication with the exhaust gas stream and adapted for an abatement of CO and HC and conversion of NOx to N2. 58. The emission treatment system of claim 57,
wherein the engine is a gasoline engine, a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, a mobile source selected from the group consisting of a gasoline car, a gasoline motorcycle, a CNG car, and a CNG motorcycle or a stationary source selected from the group consisting of an electricity generator and a pumping station. | Described are three-way conversion (TWC) catalytic articles effective to abate hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from an engine exhaust gas containing phosphorous impurities. The disclosed catalytic article has a layered catalytic material, wherein the first layer of the catalytic material is disposed directly on the substrate and a second layer is disposed on top of the first layer. The second layer includes phosphorus resistant materials that prevent catalytic poisoning of the catalytic article by the phosphorous impurities. In particular, the second layer includes a phosphorus trap material having an alkaline earth metal component and a rhodium component impregnated on a phosphorus-resistant support material.1. A TWC catalytic article, comprising:
a catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a first layer disposed on the substrate and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises:
a phosphorus trap material comprising an alkaline earth metal component and a metal oxide, wherein the alkaline earth metal component is supported on the metal oxide or the alkaline earth metal component is in the form of a composite with the metal oxide, and
a rhodium component impregnated on a phosphorus-resistant support material; and
wherein the catalytic material is effective for three-way conversion to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduce nitrogen oxides. 2-38. (canceled) 39. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the phosphorus-resistant support material is at least one zirconia-based support material selected from the group consisting of zirconia, lanthana-zirconia, titania-zirconia, titania-lanthana-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, baria-zirconia, strontia-zirconia, neodymia-zirconia, praseodymia-zirconia, tungsten oxide-zirconia, niobia-zirconia and yttria-zirconia. 40. TWC catalytic article of claim 39,
wherein the at least one zirconia-based support material is lanthana-zirconia., and the lanthana-zirconia comprises zirconia in an amount from 80 to 99 wt %. 41. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the second layer comprises the rhodium component in an amount from 0.05 to 5 wt %. 42. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the alkaline earth metal component is at least one selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and strontium oxide. 43. The TWC catalytic article of claim 42,
wherein the alkaline earth metal component is barium oxide, wherein the second layer comprises the barium oxide in an amount of from 1 to 40 wt %. 44. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania and ceria. 45. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the phosphorus trap material is a composite of barium oxide and alumina. 46. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1, further comprising:
a second rhodium component, wherein the second rhodium component is impregnated on at least one refractory metal oxide support selected from the group consisting of alumina, lanthana-alumina, ceria-alumina, zirconia-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, lanthana-zirconia-alumina and lanthana-neodymia alumina. 47. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1, further comprising:
a second rhodium component impregnated on at least one selected from the group consisting of ceria-zirconia, lanthana-ceria-zirconia, neodymia-ceria-zirconia, praseodymia-ceria-zirconia, yttria-ceria-zirconia, niobia-ceria-zirconia and strontia-ceria-zirconia. 48. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the first layer comprises a platinum group metal component impregnated on a first support material, and wherein at least a portion of the first support material is at least one oxygen storage component selected from the group consisting of ceria, zirconia, lanthana, yttria, neodymia, praseodymia and niobia or wherein at least a portion of the first support material is at least one refractory metal oxide support selected from the group consisting of alumina, lanthana-alumina, ceria-alumina, zirconia-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, lanthana-zirconia-alumina and lanthana-neodymia-alumina. 49. The TWC catalytic article of claim 48,
wherein the first layer further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, praseodymium oxide, yttrium oxide and neodymium oxide. 50. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the second layer is a physical mixture of the phosphorus trap material and the rhodium component impregnated on the phosphorus-resistant support material. 51. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the alkaline earth metal component is present in an amount of 1 to 20 wt % of the second layer. 52. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the phosphorus-resistant support material is lanthana-zirconia, and the alkaline earth metal component is barium oxide, the barium oxide being supported on alumina or the barium oxide being in the form of a barium oxide-alumina composite. 53. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the first layer comprises:
palladium impregnated on ceria-zirconia and lanthana-alumina, and barium oxide. 54. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the second layer is zoned into an upstream zone and a downstream zone, and the upstream zone comprises the phosphorus trap material. 55. The TWC catalytic article of claim 1,
wherein the substrate is a metal or ceramic monolithic honeycomb substrate. 56. A method for reducing CO, HC, and NOx levels in a gas stream, the method comprising:
contacting the gas stream with the TWC catalytic article of claim 1 for a time and at a temperature sufficient to reduce the levels of CO, HC, and NOx in the gas stream, wherein the CO, HC, and NOx levels in the gas stream are reduced by at least 50% compared to the CO, HC, and NOx levels in the gas stream prior to the contacting with the TWC catalytic article. 57. An emission treatment system, comprising:
an engine producing an exhaust gas stream; and the TWC catalytic article of claim 1 positioned downstream from the engine in fluid communication with the exhaust gas stream and adapted for an abatement of CO and HC and conversion of NOx to N2. 58. The emission treatment system of claim 57,
wherein the engine is a gasoline engine, a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, a mobile source selected from the group consisting of a gasoline car, a gasoline motorcycle, a CNG car, and a CNG motorcycle or a stationary source selected from the group consisting of an electricity generator and a pumping station. | 2,800 |
343,068 | 16,642,815 | 2,883 | Stacked die semiconductor packages may include a spacer die disposed between stacked dies in the semiconductor package and the semiconductor package substrate. The spacer die translates thermally induced stresses on the solder connections between the substrate and an underlying member, such as a printed circuit board, from electrical structures communicably or conductively coupling the semiconductor package substrate to the underlying structure to mechanical structures that physically couple the semiconductor package to the underlying structure. The footprint area of the spacer die is greater than the sum of the footprint areas of the individual stacked dies in the semiconductor package and less than or equal to the footprint area of the semiconductor package substrate. The spacer die may have nay physical configuration, thickness, shape, or geometry. The spacer die may have a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the lowermost semiconductor die in the die stack. | 1. A semiconductor package comprising:
a substrate having an upper surface, a transversely opposed second surface, and a substrate footprint area and a contact pad array disposed on the second surface of the substrate;
wherein the contact pad array includes a plurality of contact pads arranged in a first pattern; and
wherein the first pattern includes a plurality of peripheral contact pads;
a first die stack having a first die stack footprint area; the first die stack footprint area less than the substrate footprint area; and a spacer die disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and first die stack the spacer die having a footprint area that is greater than the first die stack footprint area and the same or smaller than the substrate footprint area;
wherein the first die stack communicably couples to the upper surface of the spacer die in a location such that the first die stack footprint area partially shadows a portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads; and
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of solder balls, each of the plurality of solder balls conductively coupled to a respective one of the plurality of contact pads. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
an encapsulant disposed about at least a portion of the first die stack. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area;
wherein a combined footprint area of the first die stack and the second die stack is less than the substrate footprint area;
wherein the first die stack and the second die stack footprint are spaced apart to provide an interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint;
wherein at least some of the plurality contact pads are disposed on the second surface of the substrate in the interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint such that the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space are partially shadowed by at least one of: the first die stack footprint or the second die stack footprint;
wherein the spacer die is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the first and the second die stacks; and
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint and the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space between the first die stack and the second die stack. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 4:
wherein the second die stack communicably couples to the upper surface of the spacer die in a location such that the second die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads; wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the second die stack. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 4 wherein the first die stack and the second die stack comprise a system on a chip (SoC). 7. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the spacer die comprises a silicon spacer die. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 7 wherein the silicon spacer die comprises a silicon-containing material having a thickness of from about 10 micrometers (μm) to 100μm. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising a die attach film disposed between the first die stack and the spacer die;
wherein the die attach film comprises a material having a first modulus of elasticity; wherein the spacer die comprises a material having a second modulus of elasticity; and wherein a difference between the first modulus of elasticity and the second modulus of elasticity is less than 10% of the larger of the first modulus of elasticity or the second modulus of elasticity. 10. A semiconductor package fabrication method, comprising:
disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate such that a first die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of each of a plurality of contact pads disposed on a second surface of the substrate; coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is greater than the first die stack footprint; and coupling the substrate to a second side of the spacer die, the second side of the spacer die transversely opposed to the first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is the same or smaller than the substrate footprint, the spacer die footprint shadowing the plurality of contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the first die stack. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
conductively coupling each of a plurality of solder balls to a respective one of the plurality of contact pads. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
disposing an encapsulant about at least a portion of the first die stack. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the first side of the spacer die; wherein a combined footprint area of the first die stack and the second die stack is less than the substrate footprint area; wherein the first die stack and the second die stack footprint are spaced apart to provide an interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint; wherein at least some of the plurality contact pads are disposed on the second surface of the substrate in the interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint such that the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space are partially shadowed by at least one of: the first die stack footprint or the second die stack footprint; wherein the spacer die is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the first and the second die stacks; and wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint and the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space between the first die stack and the second die stack. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
coupling the second die stack to the spacer die in a location such that the second die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of the plurality of contact pads disposed about a periphery of the plurality of contact pads;
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the second die stack. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die and the second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
coupling a system on a chip (SoC) that includes the first die stack and the second die stack to the first side of the spacer die. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
disposing a spacer die comprising a silicon spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein disposing a spacer die comprising a silicon spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
disposing a spacer die that includes a silicon-containing material having a thickness of from about 10 micrometers (μm) to 100μm between the first die stack and the first surface of the substrate. 18. The method of claim 15:
wherein coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die further comprises:
coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die using die attach film disposed between the first die stack and the spacer die;
wherein the die attach film comprises a material having a first modulus of elasticity; and wherein disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
disposing a spacer die that includes a material having a second modulus of elasticity between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate wherein the spacer die;
wherein a difference between the first modulus of elasticity and the second modulus of elasticity is less than 10% of the larger of the first modulus of elasticity or the second modulus of elasticity. 19. A semiconductor package fabrication system, comprising:
means for disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate such that a first die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of each of a plurality of contact pads disposed on a second surface of the substrate; means for coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is greater than the first die stack footprint; and means for coupling the substrate to a second side of the spacer die, the second side of the spacer die transversely opposed to the first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is the same or smaller than the substrate footprint, the spacer die footprint shadowing the plurality of contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the first die stack. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for conductively coupling each of a plurality of solder balls to a respective one of the plurality of contact pads. 21. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for disposing an encapsulant about at least a portion of the first die stack. 22. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the first side of the spacer die;
wherein a combined footprint area of the first die stack and the second die stack is less than the substrate footprint area;
wherein the first die stack and the second die stack footprint are spaced apart to provide an interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint;
wherein at least some of the plurality contact pads are disposed on the second surface of the substrate in the interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint such that the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space are partially shadowed by at least one of: the first die stack footprint or the second die stack footprint;
wherein the spacer die is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the first and the second die stacks; and
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint and the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space between the first die stack and the second die stack. 23. The system of claim 22 wherein the means for coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
means for coupling the second die stack to the spacer die in a location such that the second die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of the plurality of contact pads disposed about a periphery of the plurality of contact pads;
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the second die stack. 24. The system of claim 23 wherein the means for coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die and the second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
means for coupling a system on a chip (SoC) that includes the first die stack and the second die stack to the first side of the spacer die. 25. The system of claim 19 wherein the means for disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
means for disposing a spacer die comprising a silicon spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate. | Stacked die semiconductor packages may include a spacer die disposed between stacked dies in the semiconductor package and the semiconductor package substrate. The spacer die translates thermally induced stresses on the solder connections between the substrate and an underlying member, such as a printed circuit board, from electrical structures communicably or conductively coupling the semiconductor package substrate to the underlying structure to mechanical structures that physically couple the semiconductor package to the underlying structure. The footprint area of the spacer die is greater than the sum of the footprint areas of the individual stacked dies in the semiconductor package and less than or equal to the footprint area of the semiconductor package substrate. The spacer die may have nay physical configuration, thickness, shape, or geometry. The spacer die may have a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the lowermost semiconductor die in the die stack.1. A semiconductor package comprising:
a substrate having an upper surface, a transversely opposed second surface, and a substrate footprint area and a contact pad array disposed on the second surface of the substrate;
wherein the contact pad array includes a plurality of contact pads arranged in a first pattern; and
wherein the first pattern includes a plurality of peripheral contact pads;
a first die stack having a first die stack footprint area; the first die stack footprint area less than the substrate footprint area; and a spacer die disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and first die stack the spacer die having a footprint area that is greater than the first die stack footprint area and the same or smaller than the substrate footprint area;
wherein the first die stack communicably couples to the upper surface of the spacer die in a location such that the first die stack footprint area partially shadows a portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads; and
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of solder balls, each of the plurality of solder balls conductively coupled to a respective one of the plurality of contact pads. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
an encapsulant disposed about at least a portion of the first die stack. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area;
wherein a combined footprint area of the first die stack and the second die stack is less than the substrate footprint area;
wherein the first die stack and the second die stack footprint are spaced apart to provide an interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint;
wherein at least some of the plurality contact pads are disposed on the second surface of the substrate in the interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint such that the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space are partially shadowed by at least one of: the first die stack footprint or the second die stack footprint;
wherein the spacer die is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the first and the second die stacks; and
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint and the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space between the first die stack and the second die stack. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 4:
wherein the second die stack communicably couples to the upper surface of the spacer die in a location such that the second die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads; wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the second die stack. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 4 wherein the first die stack and the second die stack comprise a system on a chip (SoC). 7. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the spacer die comprises a silicon spacer die. 8. The semiconductor package of claim 7 wherein the silicon spacer die comprises a silicon-containing material having a thickness of from about 10 micrometers (μm) to 100μm. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising a die attach film disposed between the first die stack and the spacer die;
wherein the die attach film comprises a material having a first modulus of elasticity; wherein the spacer die comprises a material having a second modulus of elasticity; and wherein a difference between the first modulus of elasticity and the second modulus of elasticity is less than 10% of the larger of the first modulus of elasticity or the second modulus of elasticity. 10. A semiconductor package fabrication method, comprising:
disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate such that a first die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of each of a plurality of contact pads disposed on a second surface of the substrate; coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is greater than the first die stack footprint; and coupling the substrate to a second side of the spacer die, the second side of the spacer die transversely opposed to the first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is the same or smaller than the substrate footprint, the spacer die footprint shadowing the plurality of contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the first die stack. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
conductively coupling each of a plurality of solder balls to a respective one of the plurality of contact pads. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
disposing an encapsulant about at least a portion of the first die stack. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the first side of the spacer die; wherein a combined footprint area of the first die stack and the second die stack is less than the substrate footprint area; wherein the first die stack and the second die stack footprint are spaced apart to provide an interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint; wherein at least some of the plurality contact pads are disposed on the second surface of the substrate in the interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint such that the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space are partially shadowed by at least one of: the first die stack footprint or the second die stack footprint; wherein the spacer die is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the first and the second die stacks; and wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint and the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space between the first die stack and the second die stack. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
coupling the second die stack to the spacer die in a location such that the second die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of the plurality of contact pads disposed about a periphery of the plurality of contact pads;
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the second die stack. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die and the second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
coupling a system on a chip (SoC) that includes the first die stack and the second die stack to the first side of the spacer die. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
disposing a spacer die comprising a silicon spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein disposing a spacer die comprising a silicon spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
disposing a spacer die that includes a silicon-containing material having a thickness of from about 10 micrometers (μm) to 100μm between the first die stack and the first surface of the substrate. 18. The method of claim 15:
wherein coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die further comprises:
coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die using die attach film disposed between the first die stack and the spacer die;
wherein the die attach film comprises a material having a first modulus of elasticity; and wherein disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
disposing a spacer die that includes a material having a second modulus of elasticity between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate wherein the spacer die;
wherein a difference between the first modulus of elasticity and the second modulus of elasticity is less than 10% of the larger of the first modulus of elasticity or the second modulus of elasticity. 19. A semiconductor package fabrication system, comprising:
means for disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate such that a first die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of each of a plurality of contact pads disposed on a second surface of the substrate; means for coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is greater than the first die stack footprint; and means for coupling the substrate to a second side of the spacer die, the second side of the spacer die transversely opposed to the first side of the spacer die, the spacer die having a footprint that is the same or smaller than the substrate footprint, the spacer die footprint shadowing the plurality of contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the first die stack. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for conductively coupling each of a plurality of solder balls to a respective one of the plurality of contact pads. 21. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for disposing an encapsulant about at least a portion of the first die stack. 22. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the first side of the spacer die;
wherein a combined footprint area of the first die stack and the second die stack is less than the substrate footprint area;
wherein the first die stack and the second die stack footprint are spaced apart to provide an interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint;
wherein at least some of the plurality contact pads are disposed on the second surface of the substrate in the interstitial space between the first die stack footprint and the second die stack footprint such that the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space are partially shadowed by at least one of: the first die stack footprint or the second die stack footprint;
wherein the spacer die is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the first and the second die stacks; and
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the first die stack footprint and the contact pads disposed in the interstitial space between the first die stack and the second die stack. 23. The system of claim 22 wherein the means for coupling a second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
means for coupling the second die stack to the spacer die in a location such that the second die stack footprint partially shadows a portion of the plurality of contact pads disposed about a periphery of the plurality of contact pads;
wherein the spacer die footprint area completely shadows the portion of the plurality of peripheral contact pads at least partially shadowed by the footprint of the second die stack. 24. The system of claim 23 wherein the means for coupling the first die stack to a first side of the spacer die and the second die stack having a second die stack footprint area to the spacer die comprises:
means for coupling a system on a chip (SoC) that includes the first die stack and the second die stack to the first side of the spacer die. 25. The system of claim 19 wherein the means for disposing a spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate comprises:
means for disposing a spacer die comprising a silicon spacer die between a first die stack and a first surface of a substrate. | 2,800 |
343,069 | 16,642,821 | 2,883 | A method whereby a user equipment transmits/receives a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of receiving, from a base station, a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies; a step of acquiring a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; a step of transmitting a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating the phase difference, so as to measure a first distance between the user equipment and the base station at a first point of time; and a step of transmitting a second UL PRS so as to measure a second distance between the user equipment, the position of which has changed after the first point of time, and the base station, wherein the user equipment may configure the same phase difference, acquired via the DL PRS before the first point of time, for the second UL PRS, without receiving an additional DL PRS for measuring the second distance. The user equipment is capable of communicating with at least one of another user equipment, a user equipment related to an autonomous driving vehicle, the base station or a network. | 1. A method for transmitting and receiving, by a terminal, a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies from a base station; acquiring a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; transmitting a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating the phase difference for measurement of a first distance between the terminal and the base station at a first time; and transmitting a second UL PRS for measurement of a second distance between the terminal present at a changed location after the first time and the base station, wherein the terminal configures, in the second UL PRS, the same phase difference acquired through the DL PRS before the first time, without receiving an additional DL PRS for measurement of the second distance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the terminal transmits the first UL PRS and the second UL PRS based on a UL PRS configuration acquired from the base station,
wherein, based on change in speed of the terminal greater than or equal to a threshold, the terminal makes a request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the terminal reports a speed of the terminal upon initial access to the base station,
wherein, based on a difference between the reported speed and a current speed of the terminal greater than or equal to the threshold, the terminal makes the request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the UL PRS configuration comprises UL PRS periodicity information, UL PRS subframe information, and UL PRS resource information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase difference is related to (w2−w1)*(ts,Rx−ta,Rx),
wherein ‘w1’ and ‘w2’ denote the angular frequencies of the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS, respectively, ‘ts,Rx’ denotes a start time for signal processing of the DL PRS by the terminal, and ‘ta,Rx’ denotes an arrival time of the DL PRS at the terminal. 6. A method for transmitting and receiving, by a base station, a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies to a terminal; receiving a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; measuring a first distance between the terminal and the base station at a first time based on the first UL PRS; receiving a second UL PRS without transmitting an additional DL PRS to the terminal present at a changed location after the first time; and measuring a second distance between the terminal present at the changed location after the first time and the base station based on the second UL PRS. 7. A terminal for transmitting and receiving a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system, the terminal comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor configured to: receive a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies from a base station through the transceiver; acquire a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; transmit a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating the phase difference for measurement of a first distance between the terminal and the base station at a first time; and transmit a second UL PRS for measurement of a second distance between the terminal present at a changed location after the first time and the base station, wherein the processor configures, in the second UL PRS, the same phase difference acquired through the DL PRS before the first time, without receiving an additional DL PRS for measurement of the second distance. 8. The terminal of claim 7, wherein the processor transmits the first UL PRS and the second UL PRS based on a UL PRS configuration acquired from the base station,
wherein, based on change in speed of the terminal greater than or equal to a threshold, the processor makes a request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 9. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the processor reports a speed of the terminal upon initial access to the base station,
wherein, based on a difference between the reported speed and a current speed of the terminal greater than or equal to the threshold, the processor makes the request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 10. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the UL PRS configuration comprises UL PRS periodicity information, UL PRS subframe information, and UL PRS resource information. 11. The terminal of claim 7, wherein the phase difference is related to (w2−w1)*(ts,Rx−ta,Rx),
wherein ‘w1’ and ‘w2’ denote the angular frequencies of the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS, respectively, ‘ts,Rx’ denotes a start time for signal processing of the DL PRS by the terminal, and ‘ta,Rx’ denotes an arrival time of the DL PRS at the terminal. 12. The terminal of claim 7, wherein the terminal is capable of communicating with at least one of another terminal, a terminal related to an autonomous driving vehicle, the base station or a network. | A method whereby a user equipment transmits/receives a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of receiving, from a base station, a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies; a step of acquiring a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; a step of transmitting a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating the phase difference, so as to measure a first distance between the user equipment and the base station at a first point of time; and a step of transmitting a second UL PRS so as to measure a second distance between the user equipment, the position of which has changed after the first point of time, and the base station, wherein the user equipment may configure the same phase difference, acquired via the DL PRS before the first point of time, for the second UL PRS, without receiving an additional DL PRS for measuring the second distance. The user equipment is capable of communicating with at least one of another user equipment, a user equipment related to an autonomous driving vehicle, the base station or a network.1. A method for transmitting and receiving, by a terminal, a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies from a base station; acquiring a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; transmitting a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating the phase difference for measurement of a first distance between the terminal and the base station at a first time; and transmitting a second UL PRS for measurement of a second distance between the terminal present at a changed location after the first time and the base station, wherein the terminal configures, in the second UL PRS, the same phase difference acquired through the DL PRS before the first time, without receiving an additional DL PRS for measurement of the second distance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the terminal transmits the first UL PRS and the second UL PRS based on a UL PRS configuration acquired from the base station,
wherein, based on change in speed of the terminal greater than or equal to a threshold, the terminal makes a request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the terminal reports a speed of the terminal upon initial access to the base station,
wherein, based on a difference between the reported speed and a current speed of the terminal greater than or equal to the threshold, the terminal makes the request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the UL PRS configuration comprises UL PRS periodicity information, UL PRS subframe information, and UL PRS resource information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase difference is related to (w2−w1)*(ts,Rx−ta,Rx),
wherein ‘w1’ and ‘w2’ denote the angular frequencies of the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS, respectively, ‘ts,Rx’ denotes a start time for signal processing of the DL PRS by the terminal, and ‘ta,Rx’ denotes an arrival time of the DL PRS at the terminal. 6. A method for transmitting and receiving, by a base station, a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies to a terminal; receiving a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; measuring a first distance between the terminal and the base station at a first time based on the first UL PRS; receiving a second UL PRS without transmitting an additional DL PRS to the terminal present at a changed location after the first time; and measuring a second distance between the terminal present at the changed location after the first time and the base station based on the second UL PRS. 7. A terminal for transmitting and receiving a reference signal for distance measurement in a wireless communication system, the terminal comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor configured to: receive a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) including sinusoidal components of different angular frequencies from a base station through the transceiver; acquire a phase difference between the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS; transmit a first uplink (UL) PRS indicating the phase difference for measurement of a first distance between the terminal and the base station at a first time; and transmit a second UL PRS for measurement of a second distance between the terminal present at a changed location after the first time and the base station, wherein the processor configures, in the second UL PRS, the same phase difference acquired through the DL PRS before the first time, without receiving an additional DL PRS for measurement of the second distance. 8. The terminal of claim 7, wherein the processor transmits the first UL PRS and the second UL PRS based on a UL PRS configuration acquired from the base station,
wherein, based on change in speed of the terminal greater than or equal to a threshold, the processor makes a request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 9. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the processor reports a speed of the terminal upon initial access to the base station,
wherein, based on a difference between the reported speed and a current speed of the terminal greater than or equal to the threshold, the processor makes the request to the base station for change of the UL PRS configuration. 10. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the UL PRS configuration comprises UL PRS periodicity information, UL PRS subframe information, and UL PRS resource information. 11. The terminal of claim 7, wherein the phase difference is related to (w2−w1)*(ts,Rx−ta,Rx),
wherein ‘w1’ and ‘w2’ denote the angular frequencies of the sinusoidal components of the DL PRS, respectively, ‘ts,Rx’ denotes a start time for signal processing of the DL PRS by the terminal, and ‘ta,Rx’ denotes an arrival time of the DL PRS at the terminal. 12. The terminal of claim 7, wherein the terminal is capable of communicating with at least one of another terminal, a terminal related to an autonomous driving vehicle, the base station or a network. | 2,800 |
343,070 | 16,642,792 | 2,883 | Certain embodiments provide RNA nanostructure (e.g., comprising one single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule, wherein the RNA nanostructure comprises at least one paranemic cohesion crossover), as well as compositions and methods of use thereof. In certain embodiments, such RNA nanostructures are immuno-modulatory (e.g., immuno-stimulatory). | 1.-37. (canceled) 38. An RNA nanostructure comprising at least one single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule,
wherein the RNA nanostructure comprises at least two structural repeating units of 33 nucleotides in length, and wherein each structural repeating unit comprises, in order: a first region of a double helix 8 nucleotides in length, a first paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length, a second region of a double helix 9 nucleotides in length, and a second paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length. 39. An RNA nanostructure comprising a nucleic acid sequence having at least about 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 40. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, wherein the nucleic acid sequence has at least about 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 41. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, wherein the nucleic acid sequence has at least about 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 42. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39 wherein the nucleic acid sequence has at least about 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 43. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, comprising SEQ ID NO:1. 44. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, consisting of SEQ ID NO:1. 45. The RNA nanostructure of any one of claims 39-44, which comprises at least one paranemic cohesion crossover. 46. The RNA nanostructure of any one of claims 38-45, wherein the RNA nanostructure has rectangular, diamond, triangle, or tetrahedron shape. 47. The RNA nanostructure of any one of claims 38-46, wherein the RNA nanostructure has immuno-stimulatory properties 48.-84. (canceled) 85. A nucleic acid having at least about 75% identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 86. The nucleic acid of claim 85, wherein the nucleic acid has at least about 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 87. The nucleic acid of claim 85 or 86, wherein the nucleic acid is configured to form an RNA nanostructure. 88. An RNA nanostructure comprising at least one single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule, wherein the RNA nanostructure comprises at least two structural repeating units of 33 nucleotides in length, and wherein each structural repeating unit comprises, in order: a first region of a double helix 8 nucleotides in length, a first paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length, a second region of a double helix 9 nucleotides in length, and a second paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length. 89.-99. (canceled) | Certain embodiments provide RNA nanostructure (e.g., comprising one single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule, wherein the RNA nanostructure comprises at least one paranemic cohesion crossover), as well as compositions and methods of use thereof. In certain embodiments, such RNA nanostructures are immuno-modulatory (e.g., immuno-stimulatory).1.-37. (canceled) 38. An RNA nanostructure comprising at least one single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule,
wherein the RNA nanostructure comprises at least two structural repeating units of 33 nucleotides in length, and wherein each structural repeating unit comprises, in order: a first region of a double helix 8 nucleotides in length, a first paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length, a second region of a double helix 9 nucleotides in length, and a second paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length. 39. An RNA nanostructure comprising a nucleic acid sequence having at least about 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 40. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, wherein the nucleic acid sequence has at least about 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 41. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, wherein the nucleic acid sequence has at least about 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 42. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39 wherein the nucleic acid sequence has at least about 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 43. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, comprising SEQ ID NO:1. 44. The RNA nanostructure of claim 39, consisting of SEQ ID NO:1. 45. The RNA nanostructure of any one of claims 39-44, which comprises at least one paranemic cohesion crossover. 46. The RNA nanostructure of any one of claims 38-45, wherein the RNA nanostructure has rectangular, diamond, triangle, or tetrahedron shape. 47. The RNA nanostructure of any one of claims 38-46, wherein the RNA nanostructure has immuno-stimulatory properties 48.-84. (canceled) 85. A nucleic acid having at least about 75% identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 86. The nucleic acid of claim 85, wherein the nucleic acid has at least about 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13. 87. The nucleic acid of claim 85 or 86, wherein the nucleic acid is configured to form an RNA nanostructure. 88. An RNA nanostructure comprising at least one single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule, wherein the RNA nanostructure comprises at least two structural repeating units of 33 nucleotides in length, and wherein each structural repeating unit comprises, in order: a first region of a double helix 8 nucleotides in length, a first paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length, a second region of a double helix 9 nucleotides in length, and a second paranemic cohesion crossover 8 nucleotides in length. 89.-99. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,071 | 16,642,783 | 2,883 | A manufacturing method according to the present invention includes: a step of providing a first conductive metal flat plate; a step of forming a slit in a busbar assembly forming region of the flat plate; a step of coating the flat plate with a coating material containing an insulating resin such that at least the slit is filled with the insulating resin layer; a step of curing the coating material to form the insulating resin layer; and a cutting step of cutting off the insulating resin layer in the slit and busbar forming parts of the first conductive metal flat plate from the first conductive metal flat plate, wherein the busbar forming parts face each other with the slit therebetween. | 1. A method for manufacturing a busbar assembly wherein a plurality of busbars are electrically insulated and mechanically connected by an insulating resin layer, the method comprising:
a step of providing a first conductive metal flat plate having a busbar assembly forming region; a slit forming step of forming a slit in the busbar assembly forming region, wherein the slit penetrates a first surface on one side in a thickness direction and a second surface on the other side in the thickness direction; a busbar-side coating step of coating the first conductive metal flat plate with a coating material containing an insulating resin such that at least the slit is filled with the insulating resin layer; a busbar-side curing step of curing the coating material applied in the busbar-side coating step to form the insulating resin layer; and a cutting step of cutting off the insulating resin layer in the slit and busbar forming parts of the first conductive metal flat plate from the first conductive metal flat plate, wherein the busbar forming parts face each other with the slit therebetween. 2. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the busbar-side coating step is performed by electrodeposition coating. 3. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the busbar-side coating step is performed by electrostatic powder coating. 4. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of masking at least a part of the first surface of the busbar forming parts with a mask before the busbar-side coating step; and a step of removing the mask and forming a plated layer in a region, from which the mask has been removed, of the busbar forming parts before the cutting step. 5. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein
the first conductive metal flat plate after the slit forming step is configured such that the busbar forming parts facing each other with the slit therebetween are connected to each other via a connecting part of the first conductive metal flat plate located more toward one side in a longitudinal direction of the slit than the slit is and a connecting part of the first conductive metal flat plate located more toward the other side in the longitudinal direction of the slit than the slit is; and the cutting step comprises a process of cutting the first conductive metal flat plate in a thickness direction along a cutting line set so as to cross the slit in a width direction on one side in the longitudinal direction of the slit and a process of cutting the first conductive metal flat plate in the thickness direction along a cutting line set so as to cross the slit in the width direction on the other side in the longitudinal direction of the slit. 6. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductive metal flat plate has a plurality of busbar assembly forming regions disposed in an X direction in an X-Y plane where the first conductive metal flat plate is located, and connecting regions for connecting the busbar assembly forming regions adjacent in the X direction; and the slit extends in the X direction. 7. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 6, wherein the first conductive metal flat plate has:
a plurality of busbar assembly forming strips each including the plurality of busbar assembly forming regions arranged in the X direction and the connecting regions connecting the busbar assembly forming regions adjacent in the X direction, wherein the plurality of busbar assembly forming strips are disposed in parallel in the Y direction; a first connecting strip for connecting end parts on one side in the X direction of the plurality of busbar assembly forming strips to each other; and a second connecting strip for connecting end parts on the other side in the X direction of the plurality of busbar assembly forming strips to each other. 8. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein an opening width of the slit narrows from one of the first surface and the second surface toward the other. 9. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, comprising before the cutting step:
a step of providing a second conductive metal flat plate different from the first conductive metal flat plate, wherein the second conductive metal flat plate has a frame forming region corresponding to the busbar assembly forming region; a step of punching out an inner part surrounded by a circumferential part of the frame forming region so as to retain the circumferential part; a frame-side coating step of applying a coating material containing an insulating resin to an outer circumferential surface of the circumferential part of the frame forming region; a frame-side curing step of curing the coating material applied in the frame-side coating step to form a frame-side insulating resin layer, wherein at least one of the frame-side curing step and the busbar-side curing step is configured so as to form a semi-cured insulating resin layer; and an attachment step of curing the semi-cured insulating resin layer, with the busbar assembly forming region and the frame forming region being placed one on top of the other, to thereby cause the circumferential part and the busbar assembly forming region to adhere to each other, wherein the cutting step comprises a process of cutting off the circumferential part from the second conductive metal flat plate in addition to the process of cutting off the insulating resin layer in the slit and the busbar forming parts from the first conductive metal flat plate wherein the busbar forming parts face each other with the slit therebetween. | A manufacturing method according to the present invention includes: a step of providing a first conductive metal flat plate; a step of forming a slit in a busbar assembly forming region of the flat plate; a step of coating the flat plate with a coating material containing an insulating resin such that at least the slit is filled with the insulating resin layer; a step of curing the coating material to form the insulating resin layer; and a cutting step of cutting off the insulating resin layer in the slit and busbar forming parts of the first conductive metal flat plate from the first conductive metal flat plate, wherein the busbar forming parts face each other with the slit therebetween.1. A method for manufacturing a busbar assembly wherein a plurality of busbars are electrically insulated and mechanically connected by an insulating resin layer, the method comprising:
a step of providing a first conductive metal flat plate having a busbar assembly forming region; a slit forming step of forming a slit in the busbar assembly forming region, wherein the slit penetrates a first surface on one side in a thickness direction and a second surface on the other side in the thickness direction; a busbar-side coating step of coating the first conductive metal flat plate with a coating material containing an insulating resin such that at least the slit is filled with the insulating resin layer; a busbar-side curing step of curing the coating material applied in the busbar-side coating step to form the insulating resin layer; and a cutting step of cutting off the insulating resin layer in the slit and busbar forming parts of the first conductive metal flat plate from the first conductive metal flat plate, wherein the busbar forming parts face each other with the slit therebetween. 2. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the busbar-side coating step is performed by electrodeposition coating. 3. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the busbar-side coating step is performed by electrostatic powder coating. 4. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of masking at least a part of the first surface of the busbar forming parts with a mask before the busbar-side coating step; and a step of removing the mask and forming a plated layer in a region, from which the mask has been removed, of the busbar forming parts before the cutting step. 5. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein
the first conductive metal flat plate after the slit forming step is configured such that the busbar forming parts facing each other with the slit therebetween are connected to each other via a connecting part of the first conductive metal flat plate located more toward one side in a longitudinal direction of the slit than the slit is and a connecting part of the first conductive metal flat plate located more toward the other side in the longitudinal direction of the slit than the slit is; and the cutting step comprises a process of cutting the first conductive metal flat plate in a thickness direction along a cutting line set so as to cross the slit in a width direction on one side in the longitudinal direction of the slit and a process of cutting the first conductive metal flat plate in the thickness direction along a cutting line set so as to cross the slit in the width direction on the other side in the longitudinal direction of the slit. 6. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductive metal flat plate has a plurality of busbar assembly forming regions disposed in an X direction in an X-Y plane where the first conductive metal flat plate is located, and connecting regions for connecting the busbar assembly forming regions adjacent in the X direction; and the slit extends in the X direction. 7. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 6, wherein the first conductive metal flat plate has:
a plurality of busbar assembly forming strips each including the plurality of busbar assembly forming regions arranged in the X direction and the connecting regions connecting the busbar assembly forming regions adjacent in the X direction, wherein the plurality of busbar assembly forming strips are disposed in parallel in the Y direction; a first connecting strip for connecting end parts on one side in the X direction of the plurality of busbar assembly forming strips to each other; and a second connecting strip for connecting end parts on the other side in the X direction of the plurality of busbar assembly forming strips to each other. 8. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein an opening width of the slit narrows from one of the first surface and the second surface toward the other. 9. The method for manufacturing the busbar assembly according to claim 1, comprising before the cutting step:
a step of providing a second conductive metal flat plate different from the first conductive metal flat plate, wherein the second conductive metal flat plate has a frame forming region corresponding to the busbar assembly forming region; a step of punching out an inner part surrounded by a circumferential part of the frame forming region so as to retain the circumferential part; a frame-side coating step of applying a coating material containing an insulating resin to an outer circumferential surface of the circumferential part of the frame forming region; a frame-side curing step of curing the coating material applied in the frame-side coating step to form a frame-side insulating resin layer, wherein at least one of the frame-side curing step and the busbar-side curing step is configured so as to form a semi-cured insulating resin layer; and an attachment step of curing the semi-cured insulating resin layer, with the busbar assembly forming region and the frame forming region being placed one on top of the other, to thereby cause the circumferential part and the busbar assembly forming region to adhere to each other, wherein the cutting step comprises a process of cutting off the circumferential part from the second conductive metal flat plate in addition to the process of cutting off the insulating resin layer in the slit and the busbar forming parts from the first conductive metal flat plate wherein the busbar forming parts face each other with the slit therebetween. | 2,800 |
343,072 | 16,642,816 | 2,883 | The present application discloses a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium. The battery equalization system includes: a collection circuit; an equalization circuit; a controller; a charging branch circuit, connected to a charging device and a battery pack; and a first power supply branch circuit, connected to the charging device and the battery equalization system, and configured to supply power to the battery equalization system. When a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full and a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controls the first power supply branch circuit to keep connected, so that an equalization module performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. | 1. A battery equalization system, comprising:
a collection circuit, configured to collect parameter information of cells in a battery pack; an equalization circuit, configured to perform equalization processing on the cells in the battery pack; a controller, connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit, and configured to: when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, control the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization; a charging branch circuit, connected to a charging device and the battery pack, and configured to charge the battery pack; and a first power supply branch circuit, connected to the charging device and the battery equalization system, and configured to supply power to the battery equalization system, wherein when a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full and a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controls the first power supply branch circuit to keep connected, so that an equalization module performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 2. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the charging branch circuit is connected to a high-voltage direct current output terminal of the charging device, and the first power supply branch circuit is connected to a low-voltage direct current output terminal of the charging device. 3. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, wherein a first switch controlled by the controller is disposed on the first power supply branch circuit, one side of the first switch is connected to the low-voltage direct current output terminal of the charging device, and the other side of the first switch is connected to the controller. 4. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein further comprising a second power supply branch circuit, one end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit. 5. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein a second switch controlled by the controller is disposed on the second power supply branch circuit, and the second switch keeps connected under the control of the controller. 6. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein a second switch controlled by the controller is disposed on the second power supply branch circuit; when the equalization circuit performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the second switch changes from a connected state to a disconnected state under the control of the controller, so that the battery pack supplies power to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit. 7. The battery equalization system according to claim 6, wherein after the second switch is disconnected, the controller periodically gets into a sleep mode; when the controller exits the sleep mode, the controller controls the second switch to get connected to obtain the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack and a remaining duration of equalization processing still to be performed by the equalization circuit on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 8. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is respectively connected through two channels to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell. 9. The battery equalization system according to claim 8, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected through two pins to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence with the two channels, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins is connected to the collection circuit through the other of the two channels. 10. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected through one channel to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell, and the collection circuit and the equalization circuit multiplex the channel in a time division manner. 11. The battery equalization system according to claim 10, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected through one pin to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, and the pin is connected to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit through the channel. 12. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, obtain a target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, and control, according to the target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 13. The battery equalization system according to claim 12, wherein the controller controls, according to the target equalization duration and an equalization duty cycle, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period of the cell that needs enabling of equalization to a unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization period and a collection period. 14. A vehicle, comprising a battery equalization system according to claim 1. 15. A battery equalization method, applied to a vehicle that comprises the battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
collecting parameter information of cells in a battery pack when a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full; controlling, when it is determined, according to the parameter information of cells in a battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, a charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controlling a first power supply branch circuit to keep connected; and controlling, by a controller, an equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the battery equalization system further comprises a second power supply branch circuit, one end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to a collection circuit and the equalization circuit;
the method further comprises: controlling, by the controller, the second power supply branch circuit to change from a connected state to a disconnected state, so that the battery pack supplies power to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein when the second power supply branch circuit is disconnected, the method further comprises:
getting into a sleep mode periodically by the controller; and controlling, by the controller when the controller exits the sleep mode, the second power supply branch circuit to get connected to obtain the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack and a remaining duration of equalization processing still to be performed by the equalization circuit on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the controller is connected through one channel to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell, and the collection circuit and the equalization circuit multiplex the channel in a time division manner;
the determining that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization comprises: obtaining, by the controller when it is determined, according to the parameter information of cells in the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, a target equalization duration and an equalization duty cycle of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period of the cell that needs enabling of equalization to a unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization period and a collection period; and the controlling, by a controller, an equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization comprises: controlling, by the controller according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty cycle of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 19. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program instruction is stored, wherein the program instruction implements the battery equalization method according to claim 15 when executed by a processor. | The present application discloses a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium. The battery equalization system includes: a collection circuit; an equalization circuit; a controller; a charging branch circuit, connected to a charging device and a battery pack; and a first power supply branch circuit, connected to the charging device and the battery equalization system, and configured to supply power to the battery equalization system. When a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full and a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controls the first power supply branch circuit to keep connected, so that an equalization module performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization.1. A battery equalization system, comprising:
a collection circuit, configured to collect parameter information of cells in a battery pack; an equalization circuit, configured to perform equalization processing on the cells in the battery pack; a controller, connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit, and configured to: when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, control the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization; a charging branch circuit, connected to a charging device and the battery pack, and configured to charge the battery pack; and a first power supply branch circuit, connected to the charging device and the battery equalization system, and configured to supply power to the battery equalization system, wherein when a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full and a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controls the first power supply branch circuit to keep connected, so that an equalization module performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 2. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the charging branch circuit is connected to a high-voltage direct current output terminal of the charging device, and the first power supply branch circuit is connected to a low-voltage direct current output terminal of the charging device. 3. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, wherein a first switch controlled by the controller is disposed on the first power supply branch circuit, one side of the first switch is connected to the low-voltage direct current output terminal of the charging device, and the other side of the first switch is connected to the controller. 4. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein further comprising a second power supply branch circuit, one end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit. 5. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein a second switch controlled by the controller is disposed on the second power supply branch circuit, and the second switch keeps connected under the control of the controller. 6. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein a second switch controlled by the controller is disposed on the second power supply branch circuit; when the equalization circuit performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the second switch changes from a connected state to a disconnected state under the control of the controller, so that the battery pack supplies power to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit. 7. The battery equalization system according to claim 6, wherein after the second switch is disconnected, the controller periodically gets into a sleep mode; when the controller exits the sleep mode, the controller controls the second switch to get connected to obtain the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack and a remaining duration of equalization processing still to be performed by the equalization circuit on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 8. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is respectively connected through two channels to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell. 9. The battery equalization system according to claim 8, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected through two pins to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence with the two channels, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins is connected to the collection circuit through the other of the two channels. 10. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected through one channel to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell, and the collection circuit and the equalization circuit multiplex the channel in a time division manner. 11. The battery equalization system according to claim 10, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected through one pin to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, and the pin is connected to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit through the channel. 12. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, obtain a target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, and control, according to the target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 13. The battery equalization system according to claim 12, wherein the controller controls, according to the target equalization duration and an equalization duty cycle, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period of the cell that needs enabling of equalization to a unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization period and a collection period. 14. A vehicle, comprising a battery equalization system according to claim 1. 15. A battery equalization method, applied to a vehicle that comprises the battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
collecting parameter information of cells in a battery pack when a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full; controlling, when it is determined, according to the parameter information of cells in a battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, a charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controlling a first power supply branch circuit to keep connected; and controlling, by a controller, an equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the battery equalization system further comprises a second power supply branch circuit, one end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch circuit is connected to a collection circuit and the equalization circuit;
the method further comprises: controlling, by the controller, the second power supply branch circuit to change from a connected state to a disconnected state, so that the battery pack supplies power to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein when the second power supply branch circuit is disconnected, the method further comprises:
getting into a sleep mode periodically by the controller; and controlling, by the controller when the controller exits the sleep mode, the second power supply branch circuit to get connected to obtain the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack and a remaining duration of equalization processing still to be performed by the equalization circuit on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the controller is connected through one channel to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell, and the collection circuit and the equalization circuit multiplex the channel in a time division manner;
the determining that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization comprises: obtaining, by the controller when it is determined, according to the parameter information of cells in the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, a target equalization duration and an equalization duty cycle of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period of the cell that needs enabling of equalization to a unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization period and a collection period; and the controlling, by a controller, an equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization comprises: controlling, by the controller according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty cycle of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 19. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program instruction is stored, wherein the program instruction implements the battery equalization method according to claim 15 when executed by a processor. | 2,800 |
343,073 | 16,642,811 | 2,883 | A battery equalization method includes: obtaining a voltage value of a to-be-equalized cell in a battery pack; obtaining a reference voltage value required for equalization; determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle, where the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period in a unit cycle to the unit cycle, and the unit cycle includes the equalization period and a sampling period; and controlling equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle according to the target equalization duration. According to this method, sampling is separated from equalization in a unit cycle, thereby ensuring accuracy of collected battery information, making the calculated equalization duration relatively accurate, and improving equalization effects of the battery pack. | 1. A battery equalization method, comprising:
obtaining a voltage value of a to-be-equalized cell in a battery pack; obtaining a reference voltage value required for equalization; determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle, wherein the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period in a unit cycle to the unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization period and a sampling period; and controlling equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle according to the target equalization duration. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle comprises:
determining, according to a voltage value of a reference cell and an open circuit voltage (OCV)-state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference cell, a first SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the reference cell, wherein the reference cell is a cell that, in the battery pack, has a smallest difference between the voltage value of the cell and the reference voltage value; determining, according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, a second SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determining the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value, the second SOC value, and the equalization duty cycle. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining, according to a voltage value of a reference cell and an open circuit voltage (OCV)-state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference cell, a first SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the reference cell comprises:
determining a reference OCV value of the reference cell according to the voltage value of the reference cell and an internal resistance value of the reference cell; and determining, according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value is the first SOC value; and the step of determining, according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, a second SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell comprises: determining an OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the internal resistance value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determining, according to the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell is the second SOC value. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value, the second SOC value, and the equalization duty cycle comprises:
determining a SOC difference based on ΔQ=ΔSOC×Cn, wherein ΔQ is the SOC difference, ΔSOC is a SOC difference value between the first SOC value and the second SOC value, and Cn is an available capacity of the to-be-equalized cell; and determining the target equalization duration based on t=ΔQ/(I×τ), wherein t is the target equalization duration, I is an equalization current of the to-be-equalized cell, and τ is the equalization duty cycle. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle comprises:
determining the target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage difference between the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the reference voltage value, and a corresponding relationship between a preset voltage difference, the equalization duty cycle, and an equalization duration. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage value is a minimum value of voltage values of all cells, a maximum value of voltage values of all cells, or an average value of voltage values of all cells. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step of controlling equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle comprises:
controlling discharge of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle if the reference voltage value is the minimum value of the voltage values of all cells; or controlling charging of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle if the reference voltage value is the maximum value of the voltage values of all cells; or controlling, if the reference voltage value is the average value of the voltage values of all cells, discharge of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle when the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell is greater than the reference voltage value, and controlling charging of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle when the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell is less than the reference voltage value. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein further comprising:
determining the to-be-equalized cell in the battery pack according to performance parameters of cells in the battery pack, wherein the performance parameters comprise a SOC value, an internal resistance value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, a SOC change rate, a time change rate, or at least one thereof. 9. A battery equalization system, comprising an equalization module, a collection module, and a control module, wherein
the collection module is configured to collect battery information of a battery pack, wherein the battery information is used to determine a voltage value of each cell in the battery pack; the control module is configured to obtain a voltage value of a to-be-equalized cell in the battery pack; obtain a reference voltage value required for equalization; determine a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle, wherein the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period to a unit cycle; and control equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle according to the target equalization duration; and the equalization module is configured to equalize the to-be-equalized cell under the control of the control module. 10. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine, according to a voltage value of a reference cell and an open circuit voltage (OCV)-state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference cell, a first SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the reference cell, wherein the reference cell is a cell that, in the battery pack, has a smallest difference between the voltage value of the cell and the reference voltage value; determine, according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, a second SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determine the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value, the second SOC value, and the equalization duty cycle. 11. The battery equalization system according to claim 10, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine a reference OCV value of the reference cell according to the voltage value of the reference cell and an internal resistance value of the reference cell; determine, according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value is the first SOC value; determine an OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the internal resistance value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determine, according to the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell is the second SOC value. 12. The battery equalization system according to claim 10, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine a SOC difference based on ΔQ=ΔSOC×Cn, wherein ΔQ is the SOC difference, ΔSOC is a SOC difference value between the first SOC value and the second SOC value, and Cn is an available capacity of the to-be-equalized cell; and determine the target equalization duration based on t=ΔQ/(I×τ), wherein t is the target equalization duration, I is an equalization current of the to-be-equalized cell, and τ is the equalization duty cycle. 13. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine the target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage difference between the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the reference voltage value, and a correspondence between a preset voltage difference, the equalization duty cycle, and an equalization duration. 14. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is further configured to:
determine the to-be-equalized cell in the battery pack according to performance parameters of cells in the battery pack, wherein the performance parameters comprise a SOC value, an internal resistance value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, a SOC change rate, a time change rate, or at least one thereof. 15. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is connected through one channel to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to a same cell, and the control module is configured to: when it is determined that the cell connected to the control module does not need to be equalized, control the control module to get connected to a corresponding sampling module; or
the control module is further configured to: when it is determined that the cell connected to the control module needs to be equalized, control the collection module and the equalization module to multiplex the channel in a time division manner. 16. The battery equalization system according to claim 15, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, and the control chip is connected through one pin and the one channel to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to the same cell. 17. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is respectively connected through two channels to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to the same cell. 18. The battery equalization system according to claim 17, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, the control chip is respectively connected through two pins to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to the same cell, and the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence to the two channels. 19. A vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises a battery pack and the battery equalization system according to claim 9. 20. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program instruction is stored, wherein the program instruction implements the method according to claim 1 when executed by a processor. 21. (canceled) | A battery equalization method includes: obtaining a voltage value of a to-be-equalized cell in a battery pack; obtaining a reference voltage value required for equalization; determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle, where the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period in a unit cycle to the unit cycle, and the unit cycle includes the equalization period and a sampling period; and controlling equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle according to the target equalization duration. According to this method, sampling is separated from equalization in a unit cycle, thereby ensuring accuracy of collected battery information, making the calculated equalization duration relatively accurate, and improving equalization effects of the battery pack.1. A battery equalization method, comprising:
obtaining a voltage value of a to-be-equalized cell in a battery pack; obtaining a reference voltage value required for equalization; determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle, wherein the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period in a unit cycle to the unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization period and a sampling period; and controlling equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle according to the target equalization duration. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle comprises:
determining, according to a voltage value of a reference cell and an open circuit voltage (OCV)-state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference cell, a first SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the reference cell, wherein the reference cell is a cell that, in the battery pack, has a smallest difference between the voltage value of the cell and the reference voltage value; determining, according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, a second SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determining the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value, the second SOC value, and the equalization duty cycle. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining, according to a voltage value of a reference cell and an open circuit voltage (OCV)-state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference cell, a first SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the reference cell comprises:
determining a reference OCV value of the reference cell according to the voltage value of the reference cell and an internal resistance value of the reference cell; and determining, according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value is the first SOC value; and the step of determining, according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, a second SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell comprises: determining an OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the internal resistance value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determining, according to the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell is the second SOC value. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value, the second SOC value, and the equalization duty cycle comprises:
determining a SOC difference based on ΔQ=ΔSOC×Cn, wherein ΔQ is the SOC difference, ΔSOC is a SOC difference value between the first SOC value and the second SOC value, and Cn is an available capacity of the to-be-equalized cell; and determining the target equalization duration based on t=ΔQ/(I×τ), wherein t is the target equalization duration, I is an equalization current of the to-be-equalized cell, and τ is the equalization duty cycle. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle comprises:
determining the target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage difference between the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the reference voltage value, and a corresponding relationship between a preset voltage difference, the equalization duty cycle, and an equalization duration. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage value is a minimum value of voltage values of all cells, a maximum value of voltage values of all cells, or an average value of voltage values of all cells. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step of controlling equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle comprises:
controlling discharge of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle if the reference voltage value is the minimum value of the voltage values of all cells; or controlling charging of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle if the reference voltage value is the maximum value of the voltage values of all cells; or controlling, if the reference voltage value is the average value of the voltage values of all cells, discharge of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle when the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell is greater than the reference voltage value, and controlling charging of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle when the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell is less than the reference voltage value. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein further comprising:
determining the to-be-equalized cell in the battery pack according to performance parameters of cells in the battery pack, wherein the performance parameters comprise a SOC value, an internal resistance value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, a SOC change rate, a time change rate, or at least one thereof. 9. A battery equalization system, comprising an equalization module, a collection module, and a control module, wherein
the collection module is configured to collect battery information of a battery pack, wherein the battery information is used to determine a voltage value of each cell in the battery pack; the control module is configured to obtain a voltage value of a to-be-equalized cell in the battery pack; obtain a reference voltage value required for equalization; determine a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell, the reference voltage value, and a preset equalization duty cycle, wherein the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of an equalization period to a unit cycle; and control equalization of the to-be-equalized cell in the equalization period in the unit cycle according to the target equalization duration; and the equalization module is configured to equalize the to-be-equalized cell under the control of the control module. 10. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine, according to a voltage value of a reference cell and an open circuit voltage (OCV)-state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference cell, a first SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the reference cell, wherein the reference cell is a cell that, in the battery pack, has a smallest difference between the voltage value of the cell and the reference voltage value; determine, according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, a second SOC value corresponding to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determine the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value, the second SOC value, and the equalization duty cycle. 11. The battery equalization system according to claim 10, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine a reference OCV value of the reference cell according to the voltage value of the reference cell and an internal resistance value of the reference cell; determine, according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value is the first SOC value; determine an OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell according to the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the internal resistance value of the to-be-equalized cell; and determine, according to the OCV-SOC curve of the to-be-equalized cell, that the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the to-be-equalized cell is the second SOC value. 12. The battery equalization system according to claim 10, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine a SOC difference based on ΔQ=ΔSOC×Cn, wherein ΔQ is the SOC difference, ΔSOC is a SOC difference value between the first SOC value and the second SOC value, and Cn is an available capacity of the to-be-equalized cell; and determine the target equalization duration based on t=ΔQ/(I×τ), wherein t is the target equalization duration, I is an equalization current of the to-be-equalized cell, and τ is the equalization duty cycle. 13. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is configured to:
determine the target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized cell according to a voltage difference between the voltage value of the to-be-equalized cell and the reference voltage value, and a correspondence between a preset voltage difference, the equalization duty cycle, and an equalization duration. 14. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is further configured to:
determine the to-be-equalized cell in the battery pack according to performance parameters of cells in the battery pack, wherein the performance parameters comprise a SOC value, an internal resistance value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, a SOC change rate, a time change rate, or at least one thereof. 15. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is connected through one channel to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to a same cell, and the control module is configured to: when it is determined that the cell connected to the control module does not need to be equalized, control the control module to get connected to a corresponding sampling module; or
the control module is further configured to: when it is determined that the cell connected to the control module needs to be equalized, control the collection module and the equalization module to multiplex the channel in a time division manner. 16. The battery equalization system according to claim 15, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, and the control chip is connected through one pin and the one channel to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to the same cell. 17. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the control module is respectively connected through two channels to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to the same cell. 18. The battery equalization system according to claim 17, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, the control chip is respectively connected through two pins to the collection module and the equalization module that correspond to the same cell, and the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence to the two channels. 19. A vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises a battery pack and the battery equalization system according to claim 9. 20. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program instruction is stored, wherein the program instruction implements the method according to claim 1 when executed by a processor. 21. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,074 | 16,642,794 | 2,883 | The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. | 1. A compound of Formula X-a or X-h: 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are —C(O)R3. 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R3 is independently a saturated or unsaturated, unbranched C2-37 hydrocarbon chain. 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula X-c: 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula X-e: 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula X-f: 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula XI-a: 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula XI-b: 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein -M- is selected from one of the following: 10. The compound according to claim 9, wherein -M- is selected from 11. The compound according to claim 9, wherein -M- is selected from 12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R4 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, —CN, or C1-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms; or two instances of R4 attached to the same carbon atom, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-6 membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring or 3-6 membered saturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; provided that at least one instance of R4 is not hydrogen. 13. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R5 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, —CN, or C1-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms; or two instances of R5 attached to the same carbon atom, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-6 membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring or 3-6 membered saturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; provided that at least one instance of R5 is not hydrogen. 14. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R4 and R5 is independently hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms; provided that at least one instance of R4 is not hydrogen and at least one instance of R5 is not hydrogen. 15. The compound according to claim 14, wherein one instance of R4 is C1-4 alkyl and one instance of R5 is C1-4 alkyl. 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A is selected from an immunomodulatory therapeutic agent. 17. The compound according to claim 16, wherein the immunomodulatory therapeutic agent is selected from thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, apremilast, azathioprine, mycophenolic acid, leflunomide, teriflunomide, methotrexate, a macrolide IL-2 inhibitor, tacrolimus, sirolimus (Rapamune®), everolimus (Certican™), CCI-779, ABT578, temsirolimus, TAFA-93, vistusertib, ciclosporin, pimecrolimus, abetimus, or gusperimus. 18. (canceled) 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle. 20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent. 21. A method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the disease, disorder, or condition is one of those recited in Tables 1 through 7. 23. The compound of claim 1, wherein one instance of R4 is methyl and one instance of R5 is methyl. 24. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from testosterone, mycophenolic acid (MPA), buprenorphine, oestrogens (estrogen), opiates, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, metoprolol, raloxifene, alphaxolone, statins, pentazocine, propranolol, L-DOPA, lidocaine, chlorpromazine, sertraline, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, pentazocine, glyceryl trinitrate, oxprenolol, labetalol, salbutamol, epitiostanol, melphalan, lovastatin, non-steroidal antiinflammatory medications (NSAIDS), COX-2 inhibitors, corticosteroid anti-inflammatory medications, anti-malarial medications, nitrosoureas, methotrexate, dactinomycin, anthracyclines, mitomycin C, bleomycin, mithramycin, drugs acting on immunophilins, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, fingolimod, myriocin, chlorambucil, doxorubicin, nelarabine, cortisone, pralatrexate, vinblastine, bortezomib, nelarabine, clofarabine, cytarabine, dasatinib, imatinib mesylate, ponatinib hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, bendamustine hydrochloride, fludarabine phosphate, bosutinib, nilotinib, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, capecitabine, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, lapatinib, toremifene, ixabepilone, eribulin, albendazole, ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, doxycycline, closantel, maraviroc, enfuvirtide, deoxythymidine, zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, abacavir, lamivudine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, delavirdine, rilpivirine, raltegravir, elvitegravir, lopinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, ritonavir, and acyclovir; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 25. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from morphine, atorvastatin, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, prednisolone, prednisone, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, daunorubicin, cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and sirolimus. 26. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from testosterone, mycophenolic acid (MPA), buprenorphine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, celecoxib, and dexamethasone. | The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.1. A compound of Formula X-a or X-h: 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are —C(O)R3. 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R3 is independently a saturated or unsaturated, unbranched C2-37 hydrocarbon chain. 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula X-c: 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula X-e: 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula X-f: 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula XI-a: 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula XI-b: 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein -M- is selected from one of the following: 10. The compound according to claim 9, wherein -M- is selected from 11. The compound according to claim 9, wherein -M- is selected from 12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R4 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, —CN, or C1-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms; or two instances of R4 attached to the same carbon atom, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-6 membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring or 3-6 membered saturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; provided that at least one instance of R4 is not hydrogen. 13. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R5 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, —CN, or C1-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms; or two instances of R5 attached to the same carbon atom, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-6 membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring or 3-6 membered saturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; provided that at least one instance of R5 is not hydrogen. 14. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each R4 and R5 is independently hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms; provided that at least one instance of R4 is not hydrogen and at least one instance of R5 is not hydrogen. 15. The compound according to claim 14, wherein one instance of R4 is C1-4 alkyl and one instance of R5 is C1-4 alkyl. 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A is selected from an immunomodulatory therapeutic agent. 17. The compound according to claim 16, wherein the immunomodulatory therapeutic agent is selected from thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, apremilast, azathioprine, mycophenolic acid, leflunomide, teriflunomide, methotrexate, a macrolide IL-2 inhibitor, tacrolimus, sirolimus (Rapamune®), everolimus (Certican™), CCI-779, ABT578, temsirolimus, TAFA-93, vistusertib, ciclosporin, pimecrolimus, abetimus, or gusperimus. 18. (canceled) 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle. 20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent. 21. A method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the disease, disorder, or condition is one of those recited in Tables 1 through 7. 23. The compound of claim 1, wherein one instance of R4 is methyl and one instance of R5 is methyl. 24. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from testosterone, mycophenolic acid (MPA), buprenorphine, oestrogens (estrogen), opiates, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, metoprolol, raloxifene, alphaxolone, statins, pentazocine, propranolol, L-DOPA, lidocaine, chlorpromazine, sertraline, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, pentazocine, glyceryl trinitrate, oxprenolol, labetalol, salbutamol, epitiostanol, melphalan, lovastatin, non-steroidal antiinflammatory medications (NSAIDS), COX-2 inhibitors, corticosteroid anti-inflammatory medications, anti-malarial medications, nitrosoureas, methotrexate, dactinomycin, anthracyclines, mitomycin C, bleomycin, mithramycin, drugs acting on immunophilins, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, fingolimod, myriocin, chlorambucil, doxorubicin, nelarabine, cortisone, pralatrexate, vinblastine, bortezomib, nelarabine, clofarabine, cytarabine, dasatinib, imatinib mesylate, ponatinib hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, bendamustine hydrochloride, fludarabine phosphate, bosutinib, nilotinib, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, capecitabine, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, lapatinib, toremifene, ixabepilone, eribulin, albendazole, ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, doxycycline, closantel, maraviroc, enfuvirtide, deoxythymidine, zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, abacavir, lamivudine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, delavirdine, rilpivirine, raltegravir, elvitegravir, lopinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, ritonavir, and acyclovir; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 25. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from morphine, atorvastatin, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, prednisolone, prednisone, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, daunorubicin, cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and sirolimus. 26. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from testosterone, mycophenolic acid (MPA), buprenorphine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, celecoxib, and dexamethasone. | 2,800 |
343,075 | 16,642,823 | 2,883 | Disclosed herein is mouth guard including a structural component having an arch portion including pre-formed tooth-receiving indentations; and a conforming component supported by the structural component and being displaceable between the teeth of a wearer and the tooth-receiving indentations only when at or above a threshold temperature. Also disclosed is a computer-implemented method for recommending a mouth guard, and a computer-implemented method for determining bite dimensions for each of a plurality of mouth guards. | 1. A mouth guard comprising:
a structural component having an arch portion including pre-formed tooth-receiving indentations; and a conforming component supported by the structural component and being displaceable between the teeth of a wearer and the tooth-receiving indentations only when at or above a threshold temperature. 2. The mouth guard of claim 1, wherein the structural component and the conforming component are comprised of the same material, the density of the material in the structural component being greater than the density of the material in the conforming component. 3. The mouth guard of claim 1, wherein at least the conforming component is formed as a plurality of adjacent substantially planar surfaces intersecting along respective lines, wherein the lines soften and the surfaces wrap around a wearer's teeth when subjected to pressure by the teeth at or above the threshold temperature, thereby to conform to the wearer's teeth. 4. A computer-implemented method for recommending a mouth guard, the method comprising:
receiving electronic data including an individual bite profile comprising bite dimensions for an individual; automatically selecting, from a set of different pre-fabricated mouth guards, at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard with a mouth guard profile most closely corresponding to the individual bite profile; and generating an output message recommending the selected at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from an electronic scan of the individual's mouth. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from one or more digital images of the individual's mouth. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from one or more digital images of bite paper used by the individual. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from one or more digital videos of the individual's mouth. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the mouth guard profile for each of the pre-fabricated mouth guards in the set comprises a range of potential bite dimensions, wherein automatically selecting comprises calculating, using actual bite dimensions from the individual bite profile, within which of the ranges of potential bite dimensions the actual bite dimensions lies. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the mouth guard profile for each of the pre-fabricated mouth guards in the set comprises representative bite dimensions, wherein automatically selecting comprises calculating, using actual bite dimensions from the individual bite profile, which of the representative bite dimensions differs the least from the actual bite dimensions. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
providing an application for a mobile device, the application enabling a user to capture the one or more digital videos and provide the one or more digital videos for the deriving. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the application comprises a user interface for aiding orientation of a digital video camera of the mobile device with respect to the mouth of the individual. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the user interface comprises an augmented reality component for aiding the orientation of the digital video camera. 14. A computer-implemented method for determining bite dimensions for each of a plurality of mouth guards, the method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of individual bite profiles each comprising bite dimensions for respective individuals; clustering the individual bite profiles into a predetermined number of clusters according to similarities between respective bite dimensions; and for each of the clusters, generating, based on the bite dimensions of the individual bite profiles in the cluster, a mouth guard profile comprising at least one of:
a unique range of potential bite dimensions to be accommodated by a respective mouth guard; and
unique representative bite dimensions for the respective mouth guard. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined number of clusters is at least four. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined number of clusters is ten. 17. A processor-readable medium embodying a non-transitory computer program for recommending a mouth guard, the computer program comprising:
program code for receiving electronic data including an individual bite profile comprising bite dimensions for an individual; program code for automatically selecting, from a set of different pre-fabricated mouth guards, at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard with a mouth guard profile most closely corresponding to the individual bite profile; and program code for generating an output message recommending the selected at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard. 18. A computer-readable medium embodying a non-transitory computer program for determining bite dimensions for each of a plurality of mouth guards, the computer program comprising:
program code for maintaining a plurality of individual bite profiles each comprising bite dimensions for respective individuals; program code for clustering the individual bite profiles into a predetermined number of clusters according to similarities between respective bite dimensions; and program code for, for each of the clusters, generating, based on the bite dimensions of the individual bite profiles in the cluster, at least one of:
a unique range of potential bite dimensions to be accommodated by a respective mouth guard; and
unique representative bite dimensions for the respective mouth guard. 19. The mouth guard of claim 1, further comprising an electronic circuit integrated within a gel protective pack integrated into the structural component of the mouth guard, the electronic circuit comprising RFID components for storing and communicating an unique identification of the mouth guard thereby to identify the wearer. | Disclosed herein is mouth guard including a structural component having an arch portion including pre-formed tooth-receiving indentations; and a conforming component supported by the structural component and being displaceable between the teeth of a wearer and the tooth-receiving indentations only when at or above a threshold temperature. Also disclosed is a computer-implemented method for recommending a mouth guard, and a computer-implemented method for determining bite dimensions for each of a plurality of mouth guards.1. A mouth guard comprising:
a structural component having an arch portion including pre-formed tooth-receiving indentations; and a conforming component supported by the structural component and being displaceable between the teeth of a wearer and the tooth-receiving indentations only when at or above a threshold temperature. 2. The mouth guard of claim 1, wherein the structural component and the conforming component are comprised of the same material, the density of the material in the structural component being greater than the density of the material in the conforming component. 3. The mouth guard of claim 1, wherein at least the conforming component is formed as a plurality of adjacent substantially planar surfaces intersecting along respective lines, wherein the lines soften and the surfaces wrap around a wearer's teeth when subjected to pressure by the teeth at or above the threshold temperature, thereby to conform to the wearer's teeth. 4. A computer-implemented method for recommending a mouth guard, the method comprising:
receiving electronic data including an individual bite profile comprising bite dimensions for an individual; automatically selecting, from a set of different pre-fabricated mouth guards, at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard with a mouth guard profile most closely corresponding to the individual bite profile; and generating an output message recommending the selected at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from an electronic scan of the individual's mouth. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from one or more digital images of the individual's mouth. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from one or more digital images of bite paper used by the individual. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, comprising:
deriving the individual bite profile data from one or more digital videos of the individual's mouth. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the mouth guard profile for each of the pre-fabricated mouth guards in the set comprises a range of potential bite dimensions, wherein automatically selecting comprises calculating, using actual bite dimensions from the individual bite profile, within which of the ranges of potential bite dimensions the actual bite dimensions lies. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the mouth guard profile for each of the pre-fabricated mouth guards in the set comprises representative bite dimensions, wherein automatically selecting comprises calculating, using actual bite dimensions from the individual bite profile, which of the representative bite dimensions differs the least from the actual bite dimensions. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
providing an application for a mobile device, the application enabling a user to capture the one or more digital videos and provide the one or more digital videos for the deriving. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the application comprises a user interface for aiding orientation of a digital video camera of the mobile device with respect to the mouth of the individual. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the user interface comprises an augmented reality component for aiding the orientation of the digital video camera. 14. A computer-implemented method for determining bite dimensions for each of a plurality of mouth guards, the method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of individual bite profiles each comprising bite dimensions for respective individuals; clustering the individual bite profiles into a predetermined number of clusters according to similarities between respective bite dimensions; and for each of the clusters, generating, based on the bite dimensions of the individual bite profiles in the cluster, a mouth guard profile comprising at least one of:
a unique range of potential bite dimensions to be accommodated by a respective mouth guard; and
unique representative bite dimensions for the respective mouth guard. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined number of clusters is at least four. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined number of clusters is ten. 17. A processor-readable medium embodying a non-transitory computer program for recommending a mouth guard, the computer program comprising:
program code for receiving electronic data including an individual bite profile comprising bite dimensions for an individual; program code for automatically selecting, from a set of different pre-fabricated mouth guards, at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard with a mouth guard profile most closely corresponding to the individual bite profile; and program code for generating an output message recommending the selected at least one pre-fabricated mouth guard. 18. A computer-readable medium embodying a non-transitory computer program for determining bite dimensions for each of a plurality of mouth guards, the computer program comprising:
program code for maintaining a plurality of individual bite profiles each comprising bite dimensions for respective individuals; program code for clustering the individual bite profiles into a predetermined number of clusters according to similarities between respective bite dimensions; and program code for, for each of the clusters, generating, based on the bite dimensions of the individual bite profiles in the cluster, at least one of:
a unique range of potential bite dimensions to be accommodated by a respective mouth guard; and
unique representative bite dimensions for the respective mouth guard. 19. The mouth guard of claim 1, further comprising an electronic circuit integrated within a gel protective pack integrated into the structural component of the mouth guard, the electronic circuit comprising RFID components for storing and communicating an unique identification of the mouth guard thereby to identify the wearer. | 2,800 |
343,076 | 16,642,818 | 2,883 | A hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device includes a forearm mounting part (2) on which a forearm (S) is to be mounted. The forearm mounting part (2) includes a mounting body (20), an inner frame portion (2B), an outer frame portion (2A), and a control part. The mounting body (20) has a forearm fixing portion (22) on which the forearm (S) is mounted and a gripping mechanism (23) capable of being gripped by a hand of the forearm (S). The inner frame portion (2B) is fitted to the mounting body (20) and is rotatable around the forearm (S). The outer frame portion (2A) guides the inner frame portion (2B) in a rotation direction thereof. The control part performs a series of controls that repeatedly causes normal rotation, stop, reverse rotation, and stop of the inner frame portion (2B) while acquiring rotation angle information of the inner frame portion (2B). In the normal rotation the control part controls angular velocity or acceleration of the inner frame portion (2B) to stimulate a training target muscle of the forearm (S) and in the reverse rotation the control part provides resistance to the inner frame portion (2B) to sustain stimulation to the training target muscle to maintain muscle tone. | 1. A hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device for promoting recovery for a hemiplegic patient by training a paralyzed forearm of the patient, the device comprising:
a forearm mounting part on which the forearm is to be mounted, the forearm mounting part comprising:
a mounting body comprising a forearm fixing portion for fixing the forearm and a gripping mechanism capable of being gripped by a hand of the forearm fixed by the forearm fixing portion,
an inner frame portion rotatable around the forearm together with the mounting body, and
an outer frame portion to guide the inner frame portion in a rotation direction thereof. 2. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein
the gripping mechanism comprises a grip that is a rod-like member extending in one direction to be capable of being gripped by the hand of the forearm, and a cross section of the grip that is orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the grip has an elliptic or oval shape, and the gripping mechanism further comprises one of the following mechanisms:
a first adjustment mechanism to adjust a rotation position of the grip around an axis of rotation extending in the longitudinal direction,
a second adjustment mechanism to adjust offset of the grip with respect to the central axis that is a center of rotation of the inner frame portion, and
a third adjustment mechanism to adjust a position of the grip relating to a direction of the central axis that is the center of rotation of the inner frame portion. 3. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting body comprises:
a base portion to be fitted to the inner frame portion, a pair of pad portions to hold the forearm therebetween from opposite sides, and ratchet mechanisms attached to the base portion to enable the corresponding pad portions to be pushed against the forearm and enable the pushing against the forearm to be released with a one-touch manipulation. 4. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 3, wherein
the ratchet mechanisms each comprise a slider slidable with respect to the base portion and provided with the pad portion at a tip of the slider, and the slider is graduated. 5. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein the inner frame portion or the mounting body is provided with an elbow mount for placement of an elbow of the forearm. 6. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an arm part provided at a distal end with a first joint for coupling to the forearm fixing portion and at a proximal end with a second joint for coupling to a mount attached to a base, wherein the first joint and the second joint allow the position of the forearm fixing portion to be adjusted in 5 degrees of freedom. 7. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 6, wherein the mount comprises a vice mechanism that enables attachment of the second joint to a plate-like member. 8. A hemiplegic forearm function recovery training method for promoting recovery for a hemiplegic patient by training a paralyzed forearm of the patient, the method comprising:
mounting the forearm on a mounting body comprising a forearm fixing portion for fixing the forearm and a gripping mechanism capable of being gripped by a hand of the forearm fixed by the forearm fixing portion; inserting the mounting body into an inner frame portion rotatable around the forearm; and performing a series of controls that repeatedly causes normal rotation, stop, reverse rotation, and stop of the inner frame portion while acquiring rotation angle information of the inner frame portion, wherein in the normal rotation the angular velocity or acceleration of the inner frame portion is controlled to stimulate a training target muscle of the forearm, and in the reverse rotation resistance is provided to the inner frame portion to sustain stimulation to the training target muscle to maintain muscle tone. 9. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein the forearm mounting part comprises a control part to perform a series of controls that repeatedly causes normal rotation, stop, reverse rotation, and stop of the inner frame portion while acquiring rotation angle information of the inner frame portion, wherein in the normal rotation the control part controls angular velocity or acceleration of the inner frame portion to stimulate a training target muscle of the forearm and in the reverse rotation the control part provides resistance to the inner frame portion to sustain stimulation to the training target muscle to maintain muscle tone | A hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device includes a forearm mounting part (2) on which a forearm (S) is to be mounted. The forearm mounting part (2) includes a mounting body (20), an inner frame portion (2B), an outer frame portion (2A), and a control part. The mounting body (20) has a forearm fixing portion (22) on which the forearm (S) is mounted and a gripping mechanism (23) capable of being gripped by a hand of the forearm (S). The inner frame portion (2B) is fitted to the mounting body (20) and is rotatable around the forearm (S). The outer frame portion (2A) guides the inner frame portion (2B) in a rotation direction thereof. The control part performs a series of controls that repeatedly causes normal rotation, stop, reverse rotation, and stop of the inner frame portion (2B) while acquiring rotation angle information of the inner frame portion (2B). In the normal rotation the control part controls angular velocity or acceleration of the inner frame portion (2B) to stimulate a training target muscle of the forearm (S) and in the reverse rotation the control part provides resistance to the inner frame portion (2B) to sustain stimulation to the training target muscle to maintain muscle tone.1. A hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device for promoting recovery for a hemiplegic patient by training a paralyzed forearm of the patient, the device comprising:
a forearm mounting part on which the forearm is to be mounted, the forearm mounting part comprising:
a mounting body comprising a forearm fixing portion for fixing the forearm and a gripping mechanism capable of being gripped by a hand of the forearm fixed by the forearm fixing portion,
an inner frame portion rotatable around the forearm together with the mounting body, and
an outer frame portion to guide the inner frame portion in a rotation direction thereof. 2. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein
the gripping mechanism comprises a grip that is a rod-like member extending in one direction to be capable of being gripped by the hand of the forearm, and a cross section of the grip that is orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the grip has an elliptic or oval shape, and the gripping mechanism further comprises one of the following mechanisms:
a first adjustment mechanism to adjust a rotation position of the grip around an axis of rotation extending in the longitudinal direction,
a second adjustment mechanism to adjust offset of the grip with respect to the central axis that is a center of rotation of the inner frame portion, and
a third adjustment mechanism to adjust a position of the grip relating to a direction of the central axis that is the center of rotation of the inner frame portion. 3. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting body comprises:
a base portion to be fitted to the inner frame portion, a pair of pad portions to hold the forearm therebetween from opposite sides, and ratchet mechanisms attached to the base portion to enable the corresponding pad portions to be pushed against the forearm and enable the pushing against the forearm to be released with a one-touch manipulation. 4. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 3, wherein
the ratchet mechanisms each comprise a slider slidable with respect to the base portion and provided with the pad portion at a tip of the slider, and the slider is graduated. 5. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein the inner frame portion or the mounting body is provided with an elbow mount for placement of an elbow of the forearm. 6. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an arm part provided at a distal end with a first joint for coupling to the forearm fixing portion and at a proximal end with a second joint for coupling to a mount attached to a base, wherein the first joint and the second joint allow the position of the forearm fixing portion to be adjusted in 5 degrees of freedom. 7. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 6, wherein the mount comprises a vice mechanism that enables attachment of the second joint to a plate-like member. 8. A hemiplegic forearm function recovery training method for promoting recovery for a hemiplegic patient by training a paralyzed forearm of the patient, the method comprising:
mounting the forearm on a mounting body comprising a forearm fixing portion for fixing the forearm and a gripping mechanism capable of being gripped by a hand of the forearm fixed by the forearm fixing portion; inserting the mounting body into an inner frame portion rotatable around the forearm; and performing a series of controls that repeatedly causes normal rotation, stop, reverse rotation, and stop of the inner frame portion while acquiring rotation angle information of the inner frame portion, wherein in the normal rotation the angular velocity or acceleration of the inner frame portion is controlled to stimulate a training target muscle of the forearm, and in the reverse rotation resistance is provided to the inner frame portion to sustain stimulation to the training target muscle to maintain muscle tone. 9. The hemiplegic forearm function recovery training device according to claim 1, wherein the forearm mounting part comprises a control part to perform a series of controls that repeatedly causes normal rotation, stop, reverse rotation, and stop of the inner frame portion while acquiring rotation angle information of the inner frame portion, wherein in the normal rotation the control part controls angular velocity or acceleration of the inner frame portion to stimulate a training target muscle of the forearm and in the reverse rotation the control part provides resistance to the inner frame portion to sustain stimulation to the training target muscle to maintain muscle tone | 2,800 |
343,077 | 16,642,807 | 2,883 | The present disclosure provides a pixel circuit and a driving method thereof, and a display device. The pixel circuit includes: a light emitting element including an anode and a cathode; a first switching circuit; a driving circuit and a second switching circuit. The driving circuit includes: a first transistor, of which a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal are electrically connected to the first switching circuit, a first voltage terminal, and the anode respectively; and a capacitor, of which a first terminal and a second terminal are electrically connected to the first voltage terminal and the first switching circuit respectively. The second switching circuit is configured to stabilize a potential of the data line at a first fixed potential that makes the light emitting element emit light and a second fixed potential that makes the first transistor be turned off respectively. | 1. A pixel circuit, comprising:
a light emitting element comprising an anode and a cathode; a first switching circuit configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a first scan signal from a first scan line, to transmit a voltage from a data line; a driving circuit configured to drive the light emitting element to emit light under control of the voltage transmitted from the first switching circuit, the driving circuit comprising:
a first transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to be electrically connected to the first switching circuit, a first terminal is electrically connected to a first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting element, and
a capacitor, of which a first terminal is electrically connected to the first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the first switching circuit; and
a second switching circuit electrically connected to the data line, the second terminal of the first transistor, and the anode of the light emitting element, and configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a second scan signal from a second scan line, to stabilize a potential of the data line at a first fixed potential and a second fixed potential respectively, wherein the first fixed potential makes the light emitting element emit light, and the second fixed potential makes the first transistor be turned off. 2. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second switching circuit comprises a second transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the second scan signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the data line, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting element. 3. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the data line is electrically connected to a reset circuit, and the potential of the data line is reset by the reset circuit to a first initial potential and a second initial potential respectively, wherein the first initial potential makes the light emitting element not emit light, and the second initial potential makes the first transistor be turned on. 4. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the cathode of the light emitting element is electrically connected to a control circuit, and is electrically connected to a second voltage terminal or a fourth voltage under control of the control circuit;
wherein a potential of the second voltage terminal makes the light emitting element be forwardly biased, and a potential of the fourth voltage terminal makes the light emitting element be reversely biased. 5. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switching circuit comprises a third transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the first scan signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the data line, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor and the control terminal of the first transistor. 6. A display device, comprising a plurality of pixel units each of which comprising the pixel circuit according to claim 1. 7. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a plurality of first scan lines, each of which is electrically connected to the first switching circuit of the pixel circuit in each of a same row of pixel units of the plurality of pixel units; a plurality of second scan lines, each of which is electrically connected to the second switching circuit of the pixel circuit in each of the same row of pixel units of the plurality of pixel units; and a plurality of data lines, each of which is electrically connected to the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit of the pixel circuit in each of a same column of pixel units of the plurality of pixel units. 8. The display device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of reset circuits disposed in a non-display area or a source driver of the display device, wherein each of the plurality of reset circuits is electrically connected to a corresponding data line of the plurality of data lines, and configured to reset the potential of the corresponding data line to a first initial potential and a second initial potential respectively in response to a reset signal, wherein the first initial potential makes the light emitting element in each of the same column of pixel units electrically connected to the corresponding data line not emit light, and the second initial potential makes the first transistor in each of the same column of pixel units electrically connected to the corresponding data line be turned on. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of reset circuits comprises a fourth transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the reset signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the corresponding data line, and a second terminal is electrically connected to a third voltage terminal. 10. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a control circuit disposed in a non-display area of the display device or a power source of the display device, and electrically connected to the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units; wherein the control circuit is configured to make the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units be electrically connected to a second voltage terminal or a fourth voltage terminal in response to at least one control signal, wherein a potential of the second voltage terminal makes the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units be forwardly biased, and a potential of the fourth voltage terminal makes the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units be reversely biased. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the at least one control signal comprises a first control signal and a second control signal; and
wherein the control circuit comprises:
a fifth transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the first control signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the fourth voltage terminal, and
a sixth transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the second control signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the second voltage terminal. 12. A driving method of a pixel circuit, the pixel circuit comprising:
a light emitting element comprising an anode and a cathode; a first switching circuit configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a first scan signal from a first scan line, to transmit a voltage from a data line; a driving circuit configured to drive the light emitting element to emit light under control of the voltage transmitted from the first switching circuit, the driving circuit comprising:
a first transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to be electrically connected to the first switching circuit, a first terminal is electrically connected to a first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting element, and
a capacitor, of which a first terminal is electrically connected to the first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the first switching circuit and
a second switching circuit electrically connected to the data line, the second terminal of the first transistor, and the anode of the light emitting element, and configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a second scan signal from a second scan line, to stabilize a potential of the data line at a first fixed potential and a second fixed potential respectively; wherein the driving method comprises: stabilizing, in a first stage, the potential of the data line at the first fixed potential that makes the light emitting element emit light; stabilizing, in a second stage, the potential of the data line at the second fixed potential that makes the first transistor be turned off; and providing, in a display stage, a compensated data voltage to the data line to drive the light emitting element to emit light, wherein the compensated data voltage is determined according to the first fixed potential and the second fixed potential, wherein the first stage and the second stage are in a non-display stage. 13. The driving method according to claim 12, wherein the first stage comprises a first non-display stage and a second non-display stage after the first non-display stage;
in the first non-display stage, the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal from the first scan line to transmit a sensing voltage from the data line to the second end of the capacitor and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first transistor is turned on under control of the sensing voltage to generate a sensing current, and the second switching circuit is turned off in response to the second scan signal from the second scan line; and in the second non-display stage, the first switching circuit is turned off in response to the first scan signal, and the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal to charge the data line by the sensing current, thereby stabilizing the potential of the data line at the first fixed potential. 14. The driving method according to claim 12, wherein the second stage comprises a third non-display stage;
in the third non-display stage, the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal to charge the data line, and the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal to charge the capacitor by the data line, thereby stabilizing the potential of the data line at the second fixed potential. 15. The driving method according to claim 13, wherein the first stage further comprises a fourth non-display stage between the first non-display stage and the second non-display stage;
in the fourth non-display stage, the potential of the data line is reset to a first initial potential that makes the light emitting element not emit light, the first switching circuit is turned off in response to the first scan signal, and the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal. 16. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein the second stage further comprises a fifth non-display stage before the third non-display stage;
in the fifth non-display stage, the potential of the data line is reset to a second initial potential that makes the first transistor be turned on, the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal, and the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal. 17. The driving method according to claim 13, wherein the first stage further comprises a sixth non-display stage after the second non-display stage;
in the sixth non-display stage, the first fixed potential is read by a source driver from the data line. 18. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein the second stage further comprises a seventh non-display stage after the third non-display stage;
in the seventh non-display stage, the first fixed potential is read by a source driver from the data line. 19. The driving method according to claim 12, wherein a display cycle is a time period between a startup time of a display panel where the pixel circuit is located and a shutdown time of the display panel;
during a same display cycle, the first stage is between the startup time of the display panel and a start time of the display stage, and the second stage is between an end time of the display stage and the shutdown time of the display panel. 20. The driving method according to claim 19, wherein in the display stage, the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal to transmit the compensated data voltage from the data line to the second terminal of the capacitor and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first transistor is turned on under control of the compensated data voltage to generate a driving current for driving the light emitting element to emit light, and the second switching circuit is turned off in response to the second scan signal; and
wherein the compensated data voltage is a sum of a data voltage before compensation, a first compensation voltage, and a second compensation voltage, wherein the first compensation voltage is determined according to a threshold voltage of the first transistor, the second compensation voltage is determined according to an operating voltage of the light emitting element, the threshold voltage of the first transistor is determined according to the second fixed potential of a previous display cycle of a current display cycle, and the operating voltage of the light emitting element is determined according to the first fixed potential of the current display cycle. | The present disclosure provides a pixel circuit and a driving method thereof, and a display device. The pixel circuit includes: a light emitting element including an anode and a cathode; a first switching circuit; a driving circuit and a second switching circuit. The driving circuit includes: a first transistor, of which a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal are electrically connected to the first switching circuit, a first voltage terminal, and the anode respectively; and a capacitor, of which a first terminal and a second terminal are electrically connected to the first voltage terminal and the first switching circuit respectively. The second switching circuit is configured to stabilize a potential of the data line at a first fixed potential that makes the light emitting element emit light and a second fixed potential that makes the first transistor be turned off respectively.1. A pixel circuit, comprising:
a light emitting element comprising an anode and a cathode; a first switching circuit configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a first scan signal from a first scan line, to transmit a voltage from a data line; a driving circuit configured to drive the light emitting element to emit light under control of the voltage transmitted from the first switching circuit, the driving circuit comprising:
a first transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to be electrically connected to the first switching circuit, a first terminal is electrically connected to a first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting element, and
a capacitor, of which a first terminal is electrically connected to the first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the first switching circuit; and
a second switching circuit electrically connected to the data line, the second terminal of the first transistor, and the anode of the light emitting element, and configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a second scan signal from a second scan line, to stabilize a potential of the data line at a first fixed potential and a second fixed potential respectively, wherein the first fixed potential makes the light emitting element emit light, and the second fixed potential makes the first transistor be turned off. 2. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second switching circuit comprises a second transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the second scan signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the data line, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting element. 3. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the data line is electrically connected to a reset circuit, and the potential of the data line is reset by the reset circuit to a first initial potential and a second initial potential respectively, wherein the first initial potential makes the light emitting element not emit light, and the second initial potential makes the first transistor be turned on. 4. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the cathode of the light emitting element is electrically connected to a control circuit, and is electrically connected to a second voltage terminal or a fourth voltage under control of the control circuit;
wherein a potential of the second voltage terminal makes the light emitting element be forwardly biased, and a potential of the fourth voltage terminal makes the light emitting element be reversely biased. 5. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switching circuit comprises a third transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the first scan signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the data line, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor and the control terminal of the first transistor. 6. A display device, comprising a plurality of pixel units each of which comprising the pixel circuit according to claim 1. 7. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a plurality of first scan lines, each of which is electrically connected to the first switching circuit of the pixel circuit in each of a same row of pixel units of the plurality of pixel units; a plurality of second scan lines, each of which is electrically connected to the second switching circuit of the pixel circuit in each of the same row of pixel units of the plurality of pixel units; and a plurality of data lines, each of which is electrically connected to the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit of the pixel circuit in each of a same column of pixel units of the plurality of pixel units. 8. The display device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of reset circuits disposed in a non-display area or a source driver of the display device, wherein each of the plurality of reset circuits is electrically connected to a corresponding data line of the plurality of data lines, and configured to reset the potential of the corresponding data line to a first initial potential and a second initial potential respectively in response to a reset signal, wherein the first initial potential makes the light emitting element in each of the same column of pixel units electrically connected to the corresponding data line not emit light, and the second initial potential makes the first transistor in each of the same column of pixel units electrically connected to the corresponding data line be turned on. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of reset circuits comprises a fourth transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the reset signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the corresponding data line, and a second terminal is electrically connected to a third voltage terminal. 10. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a control circuit disposed in a non-display area of the display device or a power source of the display device, and electrically connected to the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units; wherein the control circuit is configured to make the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units be electrically connected to a second voltage terminal or a fourth voltage terminal in response to at least one control signal, wherein a potential of the second voltage terminal makes the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units be forwardly biased, and a potential of the fourth voltage terminal makes the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units be reversely biased. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the at least one control signal comprises a first control signal and a second control signal; and
wherein the control circuit comprises:
a fifth transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the first control signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the fourth voltage terminal, and
a sixth transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to receive the second control signal, a first terminal is electrically connected to the cathode of the light emitting element in each of the plurality of pixel units, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the second voltage terminal. 12. A driving method of a pixel circuit, the pixel circuit comprising:
a light emitting element comprising an anode and a cathode; a first switching circuit configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a first scan signal from a first scan line, to transmit a voltage from a data line; a driving circuit configured to drive the light emitting element to emit light under control of the voltage transmitted from the first switching circuit, the driving circuit comprising:
a first transistor, of which a control terminal is configured to be electrically connected to the first switching circuit, a first terminal is electrically connected to a first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting element, and
a capacitor, of which a first terminal is electrically connected to the first voltage terminal, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the first switching circuit and
a second switching circuit electrically connected to the data line, the second terminal of the first transistor, and the anode of the light emitting element, and configured to be in a conductive state, in response to a second scan signal from a second scan line, to stabilize a potential of the data line at a first fixed potential and a second fixed potential respectively; wherein the driving method comprises: stabilizing, in a first stage, the potential of the data line at the first fixed potential that makes the light emitting element emit light; stabilizing, in a second stage, the potential of the data line at the second fixed potential that makes the first transistor be turned off; and providing, in a display stage, a compensated data voltage to the data line to drive the light emitting element to emit light, wherein the compensated data voltage is determined according to the first fixed potential and the second fixed potential, wherein the first stage and the second stage are in a non-display stage. 13. The driving method according to claim 12, wherein the first stage comprises a first non-display stage and a second non-display stage after the first non-display stage;
in the first non-display stage, the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal from the first scan line to transmit a sensing voltage from the data line to the second end of the capacitor and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first transistor is turned on under control of the sensing voltage to generate a sensing current, and the second switching circuit is turned off in response to the second scan signal from the second scan line; and in the second non-display stage, the first switching circuit is turned off in response to the first scan signal, and the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal to charge the data line by the sensing current, thereby stabilizing the potential of the data line at the first fixed potential. 14. The driving method according to claim 12, wherein the second stage comprises a third non-display stage;
in the third non-display stage, the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal to charge the data line, and the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal to charge the capacitor by the data line, thereby stabilizing the potential of the data line at the second fixed potential. 15. The driving method according to claim 13, wherein the first stage further comprises a fourth non-display stage between the first non-display stage and the second non-display stage;
in the fourth non-display stage, the potential of the data line is reset to a first initial potential that makes the light emitting element not emit light, the first switching circuit is turned off in response to the first scan signal, and the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal. 16. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein the second stage further comprises a fifth non-display stage before the third non-display stage;
in the fifth non-display stage, the potential of the data line is reset to a second initial potential that makes the first transistor be turned on, the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal, and the second switching circuit is turned on in response to the second scan signal. 17. The driving method according to claim 13, wherein the first stage further comprises a sixth non-display stage after the second non-display stage;
in the sixth non-display stage, the first fixed potential is read by a source driver from the data line. 18. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein the second stage further comprises a seventh non-display stage after the third non-display stage;
in the seventh non-display stage, the first fixed potential is read by a source driver from the data line. 19. The driving method according to claim 12, wherein a display cycle is a time period between a startup time of a display panel where the pixel circuit is located and a shutdown time of the display panel;
during a same display cycle, the first stage is between the startup time of the display panel and a start time of the display stage, and the second stage is between an end time of the display stage and the shutdown time of the display panel. 20. The driving method according to claim 19, wherein in the display stage, the first switching circuit is turned on in response to the first scan signal to transmit the compensated data voltage from the data line to the second terminal of the capacitor and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first transistor is turned on under control of the compensated data voltage to generate a driving current for driving the light emitting element to emit light, and the second switching circuit is turned off in response to the second scan signal; and
wherein the compensated data voltage is a sum of a data voltage before compensation, a first compensation voltage, and a second compensation voltage, wherein the first compensation voltage is determined according to a threshold voltage of the first transistor, the second compensation voltage is determined according to an operating voltage of the light emitting element, the threshold voltage of the first transistor is determined according to the second fixed potential of a previous display cycle of a current display cycle, and the operating voltage of the light emitting element is determined according to the first fixed potential of the current display cycle. | 2,800 |
343,078 | 16,642,814 | 2,892 | A display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display panel are disclosed. The display substrate includes a base substrate and a pixel driving circuit on the base substrate; and the pixel driving circuit includes a driving transistor and a gate leading line, the driving transistor includes a gate electrode, the gate leading line is electrically connected to the gate electrode, and the gate leading line is between the gate electrode and the base substrate. | 1. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate, and a pixel driving circuit on the base substrate, wherein the pixel driving circuit comprises a driving transistor and a gate leading line, the driving transistor comprises a gate electrode, and the gate leading line is electrically connected to the gate electrode, and wherein the gate leading line is between the gate electrode and the base substrate. 2. The display substrate according to claim 1, further comprising a data line,
wherein the data line is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the gate electrode, the driving transistor is configured to receive a data voltage signal provided by the data line at the gate electrode and control a driving current flowing through the driving transistor based on the data voltage signal, and the driving current is provided to drive a light-emitting component to work. 3. The display substrate according to claim 2, further comprising:
a shielding layer between a layer, where the gate electrode is located, and a layer, where the data line is located, wherein the shielding layer and the gate electrode are insulated from each other and are overlapped with each other in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 4. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein the shielding layer is a metal layer. 5. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein an orthographic projection of the gate leading line on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the shielding layer on the base substrate. 6. The display substrate according to claim 3, further comprising:
a buffer layer on the base substrate and comprising a first via hole, wherein the gate leading line is on a side, close to the base substrate, of the buffer layer, the gate electrode is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the buffer layer, and the gate leading line is connected to the gate electrode through the first via hole. 7. The display substrate according to claim 6, wherein the buffer layer further comprises a second via hole, and the gate leading line is electrically connected to a circuit component different from the driving transistor through the second via hole. 8. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein the circuit component comprises a reset transistor, a compensation transistor, or a storage capacitor. 9. The display substrate according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second buffer layer on the base substrate, wherein the gate leading line is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the second buffer layer. 10. The display substrate according to claim 9, further comprising a conductive layer,
wherein the conductive layer is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the gate leading line, and covers at least a part of a side surface of the gate leading line and a surface, away from the base substrate, of the gate leading line. 11. The display substrate according to claim 3, further comprising a light-shielding layer,
wherein the gate leading line and the light-shielding layer are in an identical layer, and the light-shielding layer at least partially overlaps with the pixel driving circuit in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 12. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the driving transistor further comprises a semiconductor layer, and the gate leading line and the semiconductor layer are in an identical layer. 13. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises a non-conducted channel region, a conductive source region, and a conductive drain region, and the gate leading line comprises a conductive semiconductor material. 14. A method for manufacturing a display substrate, comprising:
providing a base substrate, and forming a pixel driving circuit on the base substrate, wherein the pixel driving circuit comprises a driving transistor and a gate leading line, the driving transistor comprises a gate electrode, and the gate leading line is electrically connected to the gate electrode, and wherein the gate leading line is formed between the gate electrode and the base substrate. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a data line on a side, away from the base substrate, of the gate electrode, wherein the driving transistor is formed to receive a data voltage signal provided by the data line at the gate electrode and control a driving current flowing through the driving transistor based on the data voltage signal, and the driving current is provided to drive a light-emitting component to work. 16. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming a shielding layer between a layer, where the gate electrode is located, and a layer, where the data line is located, wherein the shielding layer and the gate electrode are insulated from each other and are overlapped with each other in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 17. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein the gate leading line and the light-shielding layer are formed in an identical layer, and the light-shielding layer at least partially overlaps with the pixel driving circuit in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 18. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein forming the driving transistor further comprises:
forming a semiconductor layer, wherein the gate leading line and the semiconductor layer are formed in an identical layer. 19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein forming the gate leading line and the semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a semiconductor material layer, wherein the semiconductor material layer comprises a channel region, a source region, a drain region, and a gate leading line region; and performing a doping process on the source region, the drain region, and the gate leading line region, so as to allow the source region, the drain region, and the gate leading line region to be electrically conductive. 20. A display panel, comprising the display substrate according to claim 1. | A display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display panel are disclosed. The display substrate includes a base substrate and a pixel driving circuit on the base substrate; and the pixel driving circuit includes a driving transistor and a gate leading line, the driving transistor includes a gate electrode, the gate leading line is electrically connected to the gate electrode, and the gate leading line is between the gate electrode and the base substrate.1. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate, and a pixel driving circuit on the base substrate, wherein the pixel driving circuit comprises a driving transistor and a gate leading line, the driving transistor comprises a gate electrode, and the gate leading line is electrically connected to the gate electrode, and wherein the gate leading line is between the gate electrode and the base substrate. 2. The display substrate according to claim 1, further comprising a data line,
wherein the data line is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the gate electrode, the driving transistor is configured to receive a data voltage signal provided by the data line at the gate electrode and control a driving current flowing through the driving transistor based on the data voltage signal, and the driving current is provided to drive a light-emitting component to work. 3. The display substrate according to claim 2, further comprising:
a shielding layer between a layer, where the gate electrode is located, and a layer, where the data line is located, wherein the shielding layer and the gate electrode are insulated from each other and are overlapped with each other in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 4. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein the shielding layer is a metal layer. 5. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein an orthographic projection of the gate leading line on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the shielding layer on the base substrate. 6. The display substrate according to claim 3, further comprising:
a buffer layer on the base substrate and comprising a first via hole, wherein the gate leading line is on a side, close to the base substrate, of the buffer layer, the gate electrode is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the buffer layer, and the gate leading line is connected to the gate electrode through the first via hole. 7. The display substrate according to claim 6, wherein the buffer layer further comprises a second via hole, and the gate leading line is electrically connected to a circuit component different from the driving transistor through the second via hole. 8. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein the circuit component comprises a reset transistor, a compensation transistor, or a storage capacitor. 9. The display substrate according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second buffer layer on the base substrate, wherein the gate leading line is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the second buffer layer. 10. The display substrate according to claim 9, further comprising a conductive layer,
wherein the conductive layer is on a side, away from the base substrate, of the gate leading line, and covers at least a part of a side surface of the gate leading line and a surface, away from the base substrate, of the gate leading line. 11. The display substrate according to claim 3, further comprising a light-shielding layer,
wherein the gate leading line and the light-shielding layer are in an identical layer, and the light-shielding layer at least partially overlaps with the pixel driving circuit in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 12. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the driving transistor further comprises a semiconductor layer, and the gate leading line and the semiconductor layer are in an identical layer. 13. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises a non-conducted channel region, a conductive source region, and a conductive drain region, and the gate leading line comprises a conductive semiconductor material. 14. A method for manufacturing a display substrate, comprising:
providing a base substrate, and forming a pixel driving circuit on the base substrate, wherein the pixel driving circuit comprises a driving transistor and a gate leading line, the driving transistor comprises a gate electrode, and the gate leading line is electrically connected to the gate electrode, and wherein the gate leading line is formed between the gate electrode and the base substrate. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a data line on a side, away from the base substrate, of the gate electrode, wherein the driving transistor is formed to receive a data voltage signal provided by the data line at the gate electrode and control a driving current flowing through the driving transistor based on the data voltage signal, and the driving current is provided to drive a light-emitting component to work. 16. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming a shielding layer between a layer, where the gate electrode is located, and a layer, where the data line is located, wherein the shielding layer and the gate electrode are insulated from each other and are overlapped with each other in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 17. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein the gate leading line and the light-shielding layer are formed in an identical layer, and the light-shielding layer at least partially overlaps with the pixel driving circuit in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 18. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein forming the driving transistor further comprises:
forming a semiconductor layer, wherein the gate leading line and the semiconductor layer are formed in an identical layer. 19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein forming the gate leading line and the semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a semiconductor material layer, wherein the semiconductor material layer comprises a channel region, a source region, a drain region, and a gate leading line region; and performing a doping process on the source region, the drain region, and the gate leading line region, so as to allow the source region, the drain region, and the gate leading line region to be electrically conductive. 20. A display panel, comprising the display substrate according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
343,079 | 16,642,781 | 2,892 | The subject matter of this application is using novel biological reactors for the fermentation of gases into liquid products. More specifically, the subject matter relates to the use of a Multiple-Pass Trickle Bed Reactor (MP-TBR) for the anaerobic or aerobic and biological fermentation of gases generated from industrial processes and/or from the gasification of biomass and other organic carbon sources. The products may include, but are not limited to, ethanol and other valuable chemicals. | 1. A device used to carry out biological fermentation processes in a production facility comprising:
a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor to provide anaerobic conditions for production of alcohols, acids and/or metabolic by-products, based on the biological fermentation of gases generated by industrial processes or the gasification of organic materials. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a biological reactor having a single vessel, or multiple vessels configured in series. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises operating at a pressure of 1 psig. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises:
a single gas inlet end to inject fermentable gases, and a single gas outlet end to exhaust unused fermentable gases and gaseous fermentation by-products from the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a single vessel that contains a single internal subsection or a single vessel that contains multiple internal subsections that are configured in series. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a reactor with multiple vessels configured in series, wherein each vessel can contain a single internal subsection or each vessel can contain multiple internal subsections that are configured in series. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a liquid recirculation circuit that supplies liquid fermentation broth to a top of the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor; wherein liquid is distributed and flows by gravity through the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's single vessel of multiple subsections, until the liquid reaches a bottom of the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor, where it is delivered to the liquid recirculation circuit. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises of random or structural packing with liquid fermentation broth distributed over a top of the multiple-pass trickle reactor and flows by gravity over the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's packing materials; liquid loading typically range from 2 to 12 gpm per square foot. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a gas recirculation fan, a recirculation fan inlet and an outlet configured for either countercurrent or co-current liquid-gas flow through a subsection's trickle bed. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises gas recirculation flow rates can range from 2× to 10× the volumetric flow of gases supplied to the reactor. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises:
a liquid-gas barrier wherein liquid is collected by the liquid-gas barrier and delivered to a next subsection or delivered to an inlet to a liquid recirculation circuit located at a bottom of the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a portion of each subsection's recirculating gas passes through a gas port located in a liquid-gas barrier or passes through ducting between the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 13. The device of claim 1, comprising, a pump system supplying a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a portion of flow of another multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit, to be removed for further processing and for recovery of products. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a portion of a flow of another multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit, to be removed and to be delivered to other multiple-pass trickle bed reactors or subsections that comprise a reactor. 16. The device of claim 1, comprising makeup of liquid media and recovered microbes to be delivered into the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit. 17. The device of claim 1, comprising liquid loading to trickle beds contained in the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor, to be varied in accordance to the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor location in a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 18. The device of claim 1, comprising a gas recirculation in the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor, which can be varied based on a subsection location within the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 19. A device used to perform biological fermentation processes in a production facility comprising:
a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor to provide aerobic conditions for production of alcohols, acids and/or metabolic by-products, based on biological fermentation of gases generated by industrial processes or gasification of organic materials. 20. A method comprising:
providing aerobic conditions in a single or multiple-stage process for production of alcohols, acids and/or other potentially valuable metabolic by-products, from biological fermentation of gases generated by industrial processes and/or gasification of organic materials by using a multiple-pass trickle reactor with an organism. | The subject matter of this application is using novel biological reactors for the fermentation of gases into liquid products. More specifically, the subject matter relates to the use of a Multiple-Pass Trickle Bed Reactor (MP-TBR) for the anaerobic or aerobic and biological fermentation of gases generated from industrial processes and/or from the gasification of biomass and other organic carbon sources. The products may include, but are not limited to, ethanol and other valuable chemicals.1. A device used to carry out biological fermentation processes in a production facility comprising:
a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor to provide anaerobic conditions for production of alcohols, acids and/or metabolic by-products, based on the biological fermentation of gases generated by industrial processes or the gasification of organic materials. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a biological reactor having a single vessel, or multiple vessels configured in series. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises operating at a pressure of 1 psig. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises:
a single gas inlet end to inject fermentable gases, and a single gas outlet end to exhaust unused fermentable gases and gaseous fermentation by-products from the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a single vessel that contains a single internal subsection or a single vessel that contains multiple internal subsections that are configured in series. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a reactor with multiple vessels configured in series, wherein each vessel can contain a single internal subsection or each vessel can contain multiple internal subsections that are configured in series. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a liquid recirculation circuit that supplies liquid fermentation broth to a top of the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor; wherein liquid is distributed and flows by gravity through the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's single vessel of multiple subsections, until the liquid reaches a bottom of the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor, where it is delivered to the liquid recirculation circuit. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises of random or structural packing with liquid fermentation broth distributed over a top of the multiple-pass trickle reactor and flows by gravity over the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's packing materials; liquid loading typically range from 2 to 12 gpm per square foot. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a gas recirculation fan, a recirculation fan inlet and an outlet configured for either countercurrent or co-current liquid-gas flow through a subsection's trickle bed. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises gas recirculation flow rates can range from 2× to 10× the volumetric flow of gases supplied to the reactor. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises:
a liquid-gas barrier wherein liquid is collected by the liquid-gas barrier and delivered to a next subsection or delivered to an inlet to a liquid recirculation circuit located at a bottom of the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a portion of each subsection's recirculating gas passes through a gas port located in a liquid-gas barrier or passes through ducting between the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 13. The device of claim 1, comprising, a pump system supplying a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a portion of flow of another multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit, to be removed for further processing and for recovery of products. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor comprises a portion of a flow of another multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit, to be removed and to be delivered to other multiple-pass trickle bed reactors or subsections that comprise a reactor. 16. The device of claim 1, comprising makeup of liquid media and recovered microbes to be delivered into the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor's liquid recirculation circuit. 17. The device of claim 1, comprising liquid loading to trickle beds contained in the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor, to be varied in accordance to the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor location in a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 18. The device of claim 1, comprising a gas recirculation in the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor, which can be varied based on a subsection location within the multiple-pass trickle bed reactor. 19. A device used to perform biological fermentation processes in a production facility comprising:
a multiple-pass trickle bed reactor to provide aerobic conditions for production of alcohols, acids and/or metabolic by-products, based on biological fermentation of gases generated by industrial processes or gasification of organic materials. 20. A method comprising:
providing aerobic conditions in a single or multiple-stage process for production of alcohols, acids and/or other potentially valuable metabolic by-products, from biological fermentation of gases generated by industrial processes and/or gasification of organic materials by using a multiple-pass trickle reactor with an organism. | 2,800 |
343,080 | 16,642,796 | 2,892 | The ophthalmic instrument includes a light source, an optical system that guides light emitted from the light source onto a retina of a subject eye, a communication section that receives a simulation image generated based on optometry information for the subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye, and a control section that controls the light source and the optical system such that the simulation image received by the communication section is projected onto the retina. | 1. An ophthalmic instrument comprising:
a light source; an optical system that guides light emitted from the light source onto a retina of a subject eye; a communication section that receives a simulation image generated based on optometry information for the subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye; and a control section that controls the light source and the optical system such that the simulation image received by the communication section is projected onto the retina. 2. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein the simulation image is an image obtained by performing image processing on an original image based on the optometry information and the intraocular lens information. 3. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 2, wherein the original image and the simulation image are moving images. 4. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 2, wherein the original image is an image selected from a plurality of images of different scenes. 5. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein the optical system includes a scanner that scans the light and a reflection member that reflects light scanned by the scanner toward the retina. 6. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 5, further comprising an anterior segment camera that images an anterior segment of the subject eye, wherein:
the control section detects an inter-pupil distance based on an anterior segment image obtained by imaging with the anterior segment camera, and controls a position of the reflection member based on the detected inter-pupil distance. 7. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein:
the optical system includes a right-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a right eye, and a left-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a left eye; and the ophthalmic instrument further comprises an optical splitter that splits the light into light for the right-eye optical system and light for the left-eye optical system. 8. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein:
the optical system includes a right-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a right eye, and a left-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a left eye; and the light source includes a right-eye light source employed with the right-eye optical system, and a left-eye light source employed with the left-eye optical system. 9. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, further comprising a field of vision camera that images an external field of vision, wherein:
the control section controls the communication section such that a field of vision image obtained by imaging with the field of vision camera is transmitted to an image generation device. 10. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 9, wherein the simulation image is an image obtained by performing image processing on the field of vision image based on the optometry information and the intraocular lens information. 11. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, further comprising an eyewear terminal device provided with at least the optical system from the light source, the optical system, the communication section, and the control section. 12. An image generation device comprising:
a generation section that generates a simulation image based on optometry information for a subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye; and an output section that outputs the simulation image generated by the generation section to a projection device. 13. The image generation device of claim 12, wherein the simulation image is an image obtained by performing image processing on an original image based on the optometry information and the intraocular lens information. 14. The image generation device of claim 13, wherein the original image and the simulation image are moving images. 15. The image generation device of claim 13, further comprising an acquisition section that acquires an image from a plurality of images of different scenes as the original image in response to an instruction received by a reception section. 16. The image generation device of claim 14, further comprising:
a display section that displays an image; and a display control section that controls the display section so as to display the original image and the simulation image on the display section. 17. A program that causes a computer to function as the control section included in the ophthalmic instrument of claim 1. 18. A program that causes a computer to function as the generation section and the output section included in the image generation device of claim 12. 19. An ophthalmic system comprising:
a projection device that projects an image onto a retina of a subject eye; and an image generation device that generates a simulation image based on optometry information for the subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye, wherein the projection device projects the simulation image generated by the image generation device onto the retina. | The ophthalmic instrument includes a light source, an optical system that guides light emitted from the light source onto a retina of a subject eye, a communication section that receives a simulation image generated based on optometry information for the subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye, and a control section that controls the light source and the optical system such that the simulation image received by the communication section is projected onto the retina.1. An ophthalmic instrument comprising:
a light source; an optical system that guides light emitted from the light source onto a retina of a subject eye; a communication section that receives a simulation image generated based on optometry information for the subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye; and a control section that controls the light source and the optical system such that the simulation image received by the communication section is projected onto the retina. 2. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein the simulation image is an image obtained by performing image processing on an original image based on the optometry information and the intraocular lens information. 3. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 2, wherein the original image and the simulation image are moving images. 4. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 2, wherein the original image is an image selected from a plurality of images of different scenes. 5. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein the optical system includes a scanner that scans the light and a reflection member that reflects light scanned by the scanner toward the retina. 6. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 5, further comprising an anterior segment camera that images an anterior segment of the subject eye, wherein:
the control section detects an inter-pupil distance based on an anterior segment image obtained by imaging with the anterior segment camera, and controls a position of the reflection member based on the detected inter-pupil distance. 7. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein:
the optical system includes a right-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a right eye, and a left-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a left eye; and the ophthalmic instrument further comprises an optical splitter that splits the light into light for the right-eye optical system and light for the left-eye optical system. 8. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, wherein:
the optical system includes a right-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a right eye, and a left-eye optical system to guide the light onto the retina of a left eye; and the light source includes a right-eye light source employed with the right-eye optical system, and a left-eye light source employed with the left-eye optical system. 9. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, further comprising a field of vision camera that images an external field of vision, wherein:
the control section controls the communication section such that a field of vision image obtained by imaging with the field of vision camera is transmitted to an image generation device. 10. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 9, wherein the simulation image is an image obtained by performing image processing on the field of vision image based on the optometry information and the intraocular lens information. 11. The ophthalmic instrument of claim 1, further comprising an eyewear terminal device provided with at least the optical system from the light source, the optical system, the communication section, and the control section. 12. An image generation device comprising:
a generation section that generates a simulation image based on optometry information for a subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye; and an output section that outputs the simulation image generated by the generation section to a projection device. 13. The image generation device of claim 12, wherein the simulation image is an image obtained by performing image processing on an original image based on the optometry information and the intraocular lens information. 14. The image generation device of claim 13, wherein the original image and the simulation image are moving images. 15. The image generation device of claim 13, further comprising an acquisition section that acquires an image from a plurality of images of different scenes as the original image in response to an instruction received by a reception section. 16. The image generation device of claim 14, further comprising:
a display section that displays an image; and a display control section that controls the display section so as to display the original image and the simulation image on the display section. 17. A program that causes a computer to function as the control section included in the ophthalmic instrument of claim 1. 18. A program that causes a computer to function as the generation section and the output section included in the image generation device of claim 12. 19. An ophthalmic system comprising:
a projection device that projects an image onto a retina of a subject eye; and an image generation device that generates a simulation image based on optometry information for the subject eye and intraocular lens information relating to an intraocular lens prescribable for the subject eye, the simulation image corresponding to how vision would appear in a case in which the intraocular lens is prescribed for the subject eye, wherein the projection device projects the simulation image generated by the image generation device onto the retina. | 2,800 |
343,081 | 16,642,806 | 2,892 | The inductor includes a plurality of inductive elements that are at least partially encapsulated, covered, or embedded in a composite magnetic material that improves the inductance of the inductor without a corresponding, detrimental, increase in the size of the inductor. The composite magnetic material includes a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in a carrier medium. Each of the magnetic particles includes a magnetic core that is encapsulated in a dielectric magnetic coating. The dielectric magnetic coating is a thermally stable material having high electrical resistivity. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. An inductor, comprising:
one or more inductive elements; and a composite magnetic material disposed at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including:
a non-magnetic, electrically non-conductive, carrier medium; and
a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the carrier medium, each of the magnetic particles including:
a magnetic core; and
a dielectric magnetic coating at least partially encapsulating the magnetic core. 27. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the one or more inductive elements comprise at least one of: a planar coil disposed on a single substrate layer or a stacked coil disposed across multiple substrate layers. 28. The inductor of claim 26, further comprising:
a substrate that includes at least one of:
a printed circuit board operably coupled to the one or more inductive elements; or
a system-on-a-chip (SoC) operably coupled to the one or more inductive elements. 29. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the composite magnetic material comprises a carrier having a solids concentration of at least 10% by weight. 30. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the magnetic core particles comprise at least one of: Fe, oriented FeSi, unoriented FeSi, FeNi, FeCo, FeSiBNbCu, FeCoMoB, FeSiB, FeSiBNb, FeSiBP, or CoZrTa. 31. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the dielectric magnetic coating comprises a soft ferrite. 32. The inductor of claim 31 wherein the dielectric magnetic coating comprises at least one of: MnZn, NiZn, or Fe2O3. 33. The inductor of claim 26:
wherein the magnetic core has a diameter of from 0.05 micrometers (μm) to 500 μm; and wherein the dielectric magnetic coating has a thickness of from 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 1 μm. 34. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the carrier medium comprises a photocurable, chemically curable, thermally curable, or electromagnetically curable material. 35. The inductor of claim 26:
wherein the one or more inductive elements comprises a plurality of inductive elements; and wherein the composite magnetic material encapsulates at least some of the plurality of inductive elements. 36. A method of fabricating an inductor containing a composite magnetic material, the method comprising:
disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including:
a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the carrier medium, each of the magnetic particles including:
a magnetic core; and
a dielectric magnetic coating at least partially encapsulating the magnetic core. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
disposing the one or more inductive elements in, on, or about a semiconductor substrate, wherein the one or more inductive elements include at least one of: a planar coil disposed on a single substrate layer or a stacked coil disposed across multiple substrate layers. 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
disposing the one or more inductive elements in, on, or about a substrate that includes at least one of: a printed circuit board or a system-on-a-chip (SoC). 39. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material having a solids concentration of at least 10% by weight at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements. 40. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles that include magnetic cores having at least one of: Fe, oriented FeSi, unoriented FeSi, FeNi, FeCo, FeSiBNbCu, FeCoMoB, FeSiB, FeSiBNb, FeSiBP or CoZrTa. 41. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles, each of the magnetic particles including a magnetic core encapsulated in a dielectric magnetic coating that includes a soft ferrite. 42. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles, each of the magnetic particles including a magnetic core having a diameter of from 0.05 micrometers (μm) to 500 μm. 43. The method of claim 42 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles, each of the magnetic particles encapsulated in a dielectric magnetic coating having a thickness of from 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 1 μm. 44. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including a non-magnetic, electrically non-conductive, carrier medium that includes at least one of: a chemically, thermally, or electromagnetically curable material. 45. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of one or more inductive elements further comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of a plurality of inductive elements. 46. A composite magnetic core material, comprising:
a non-magnetic, electrically non-conductive, carrier medium; a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the carrier medium, each of the magnetic particles including:
a magnetic core; and
a dielectric magnetic coating at least partially encapsulating the magnetic core. 47. The composite magnetic core material of claim 39 wherein the composite magnetic material comprises a carrier having a solids concentration of at least 10% by weight. 48. The composite magnetic core material of claim 39 wherein the magnetic core comprises at least one of: Fe, oriented FeSi, unoriented FeSi, FeNi, FeCo, FeSiBNbCu, FeCoMoB, FeSiB, FeSiBNb, FeSiBP, or CoZrTa. 49. The composite magnetic core material of claim 14 wherein the dielectric magnetic coating comprises a soft ferrite that includes at least one of: MnZn, NiZn, or Fe2O3. 50. The composite magnetic core material of claim 46:
wherein the magnetic core has a diameter of from: 0.05 micrometers (μm) to 500 μm; and wherein the dielectric magnetic coating has a thickness of from; 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 1 μm. | The inductor includes a plurality of inductive elements that are at least partially encapsulated, covered, or embedded in a composite magnetic material that improves the inductance of the inductor without a corresponding, detrimental, increase in the size of the inductor. The composite magnetic material includes a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in a carrier medium. Each of the magnetic particles includes a magnetic core that is encapsulated in a dielectric magnetic coating. The dielectric magnetic coating is a thermally stable material having high electrical resistivity.1-25. (canceled) 26. An inductor, comprising:
one or more inductive elements; and a composite magnetic material disposed at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including:
a non-magnetic, electrically non-conductive, carrier medium; and
a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the carrier medium, each of the magnetic particles including:
a magnetic core; and
a dielectric magnetic coating at least partially encapsulating the magnetic core. 27. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the one or more inductive elements comprise at least one of: a planar coil disposed on a single substrate layer or a stacked coil disposed across multiple substrate layers. 28. The inductor of claim 26, further comprising:
a substrate that includes at least one of:
a printed circuit board operably coupled to the one or more inductive elements; or
a system-on-a-chip (SoC) operably coupled to the one or more inductive elements. 29. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the composite magnetic material comprises a carrier having a solids concentration of at least 10% by weight. 30. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the magnetic core particles comprise at least one of: Fe, oriented FeSi, unoriented FeSi, FeNi, FeCo, FeSiBNbCu, FeCoMoB, FeSiB, FeSiBNb, FeSiBP, or CoZrTa. 31. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the dielectric magnetic coating comprises a soft ferrite. 32. The inductor of claim 31 wherein the dielectric magnetic coating comprises at least one of: MnZn, NiZn, or Fe2O3. 33. The inductor of claim 26:
wherein the magnetic core has a diameter of from 0.05 micrometers (μm) to 500 μm; and wherein the dielectric magnetic coating has a thickness of from 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 1 μm. 34. The inductor of claim 26 wherein the carrier medium comprises a photocurable, chemically curable, thermally curable, or electromagnetically curable material. 35. The inductor of claim 26:
wherein the one or more inductive elements comprises a plurality of inductive elements; and wherein the composite magnetic material encapsulates at least some of the plurality of inductive elements. 36. A method of fabricating an inductor containing a composite magnetic material, the method comprising:
disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including:
a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the carrier medium, each of the magnetic particles including:
a magnetic core; and
a dielectric magnetic coating at least partially encapsulating the magnetic core. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
disposing the one or more inductive elements in, on, or about a semiconductor substrate, wherein the one or more inductive elements include at least one of: a planar coil disposed on a single substrate layer or a stacked coil disposed across multiple substrate layers. 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
disposing the one or more inductive elements in, on, or about a substrate that includes at least one of: a printed circuit board or a system-on-a-chip (SoC). 39. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material having a solids concentration of at least 10% by weight at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements. 40. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles that include magnetic cores having at least one of: Fe, oriented FeSi, unoriented FeSi, FeNi, FeCo, FeSiBNbCu, FeCoMoB, FeSiB, FeSiBNb, FeSiBP or CoZrTa. 41. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles, each of the magnetic particles including a magnetic core encapsulated in a dielectric magnetic coating that includes a soft ferrite. 42. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles, each of the magnetic particles including a magnetic core having a diameter of from 0.05 micrometers (μm) to 500 μm. 43. The method of claim 42 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including magnetic particles, each of the magnetic particles encapsulated in a dielectric magnetic coating having a thickness of from 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 1 μm. 44. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material about each of at least some of the one or more inductive elements, the composite magnetic material including a non-magnetic, electrically non-conductive, carrier medium that includes at least one of: a chemically, thermally, or electromagnetically curable material. 45. The method of claim 36 wherein disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of one or more inductive elements further comprises:
disposing a composite magnetic material at least partially about each of at least some of a plurality of inductive elements. 46. A composite magnetic core material, comprising:
a non-magnetic, electrically non-conductive, carrier medium; a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the carrier medium, each of the magnetic particles including:
a magnetic core; and
a dielectric magnetic coating at least partially encapsulating the magnetic core. 47. The composite magnetic core material of claim 39 wherein the composite magnetic material comprises a carrier having a solids concentration of at least 10% by weight. 48. The composite magnetic core material of claim 39 wherein the magnetic core comprises at least one of: Fe, oriented FeSi, unoriented FeSi, FeNi, FeCo, FeSiBNbCu, FeCoMoB, FeSiB, FeSiBNb, FeSiBP, or CoZrTa. 49. The composite magnetic core material of claim 14 wherein the dielectric magnetic coating comprises a soft ferrite that includes at least one of: MnZn, NiZn, or Fe2O3. 50. The composite magnetic core material of claim 46:
wherein the magnetic core has a diameter of from: 0.05 micrometers (μm) to 500 μm; and wherein the dielectric magnetic coating has a thickness of from; 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 1 μm. | 2,800 |
343,082 | 16,642,803 | 2,892 | A method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit, the fluid comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of: (a) measuring optical variances resulting from at least one circumferential mode of vibration of the conduit by directing a monochromatic light source, such as from a vibrometer, onto an external surface of the conduit thereby providing a measured vibration of the conduit as a result of fluid flow in the conduit. The data normally accurately measures velocity of the conduit usually considered to be wideband noise. Accordingly, sample rates are high, such as at least 5,000 times per second. The data is then assessed, for example by using a Fourier Transform, and a pre-trained algorithm to predict fluid flow at that point in the conduit, or upstream or downstream thereof. An associated apparatus is also disclosed. Embodiments of the invention can thus provide a non-invasive method and apparatus for providing information on the nature of flow regimes in pipelines, such as subsea pipelines which can be useful to optimise production and reduce well testing and/or downtime. | 1. A method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit, the fluid comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) measuring optical variances resulting from at least one circumferential mode of vibration of the conduit by directing a monochromatic light source onto an external surface of the conduit and detecting light to provide a measured vibration of the conduit as a result of fluid flow in the conduit; and (b) assessing the fluid flow in the conduit using the measured vibration of the conduit. 2. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the monochromatic light source and a receiver are provided as part of a Laser Doppler vibrometer or interferometer. 3. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the detector measures optical variances resulting from the vibrational velocity of an external surface of the conduit. 4. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein optical variances from at least ten circumferential modes of vibration are measured. 5. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the optical variances are measured at least 5,000 times per second. 6. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the step of measuring optical variances from vibration of the conduit generates a series of signal signatures. 7. A method of assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method further comprises the step of expressing the signal signatures in the frequency domain such as by a Fourier Transform process. 8. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 7, wherein the step of assessing fluid flow in the conduit includes considering frequencies above 3,000 Hz, optionally above 10,000 Hz. 9. A method of assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 6, wherein one or more feature recognition techniques is/are applied to the series of signal signatures in order to characterise a variety of flow regimes. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, comprising training an algorithm to map relationships between known flow data and the signal signatures, then using the trained algorithm to assess the nature of the fluid flow based on the signal signatures. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 comprising training the algorithm using further data, including at least one of: pipeline diameter, pipeline thickness, pipeline material, fluid chemistry, temperature, pressure and surface tension. 12. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein a neural network is used to map relationships between known data and the signal signatures, the neural network comprising an input leading to a plurality of nodes in a first layer, which are connected in turn to a plurality of nodes in at least one second layer, each node comprising a weighting value and an offset value, each of which are optimised in order to produce an accurate prediction for the fluid flow. 13. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the conduit is a subsea pipeline. 14. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein a change in the measured vibration of the conduit is indicative of the fluid flow in the conduit upstream or downstream of the external surface on which the monochromatic light source is directed. 15. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conduit is a first conduit and the fluid flows into a manifold and onwards into a downstream pipeline, and wherein at least one further conduit comprises fluid comprising hydrocarbons and flows into the manifold, and said downstream pipeline, such that the fluid from the first and at least one further conduit are combined in the downstream pipeline. 16. A method for assessing fluid flow according to claim 15, wherein the method further comprises a step of predicting the fluid flow in the downstream pipeline based on the assessment of fluid flow in at least the first conduit. 17. A method for assessing fluid flow according to claim 15, wherein step (a) is also applied to the at least one further conduit to assess fluid flow therein. 18. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 17, wherein the method further comprises a step of predicting the fluid flow in the downstream pipeline based on the assessment of fluid flow in the first and the at least one further conduit. 19. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monochromatic light source is directed into a fibre optic, and travels through the fibre optic to a remote location before it is directed onto the external surface of the conduit. 20. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 19, wherein the monochromatic light source is directed into a multiplexer, which is adapted to switch and direct the light source in turn to the fibre optic, and at least one further fibre optic cable, each fibre optic cable leading to a different point on the conduit, or different conduits, in order to direct the monochromatic light source onto the external face of the or a conduit. 21. An apparatus for the method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit as claimed in claim 1. 22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the detector is able to measure the velocity of an external surface of the conduit to an accuracy of +/−20 nm/s. | A method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit, the fluid comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of: (a) measuring optical variances resulting from at least one circumferential mode of vibration of the conduit by directing a monochromatic light source, such as from a vibrometer, onto an external surface of the conduit thereby providing a measured vibration of the conduit as a result of fluid flow in the conduit. The data normally accurately measures velocity of the conduit usually considered to be wideband noise. Accordingly, sample rates are high, such as at least 5,000 times per second. The data is then assessed, for example by using a Fourier Transform, and a pre-trained algorithm to predict fluid flow at that point in the conduit, or upstream or downstream thereof. An associated apparatus is also disclosed. Embodiments of the invention can thus provide a non-invasive method and apparatus for providing information on the nature of flow regimes in pipelines, such as subsea pipelines which can be useful to optimise production and reduce well testing and/or downtime.1. A method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit, the fluid comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) measuring optical variances resulting from at least one circumferential mode of vibration of the conduit by directing a monochromatic light source onto an external surface of the conduit and detecting light to provide a measured vibration of the conduit as a result of fluid flow in the conduit; and (b) assessing the fluid flow in the conduit using the measured vibration of the conduit. 2. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the monochromatic light source and a receiver are provided as part of a Laser Doppler vibrometer or interferometer. 3. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the detector measures optical variances resulting from the vibrational velocity of an external surface of the conduit. 4. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein optical variances from at least ten circumferential modes of vibration are measured. 5. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the optical variances are measured at least 5,000 times per second. 6. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the step of measuring optical variances from vibration of the conduit generates a series of signal signatures. 7. A method of assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method further comprises the step of expressing the signal signatures in the frequency domain such as by a Fourier Transform process. 8. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 7, wherein the step of assessing fluid flow in the conduit includes considering frequencies above 3,000 Hz, optionally above 10,000 Hz. 9. A method of assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 6, wherein one or more feature recognition techniques is/are applied to the series of signal signatures in order to characterise a variety of flow regimes. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, comprising training an algorithm to map relationships between known flow data and the signal signatures, then using the trained algorithm to assess the nature of the fluid flow based on the signal signatures. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 comprising training the algorithm using further data, including at least one of: pipeline diameter, pipeline thickness, pipeline material, fluid chemistry, temperature, pressure and surface tension. 12. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein a neural network is used to map relationships between known data and the signal signatures, the neural network comprising an input leading to a plurality of nodes in a first layer, which are connected in turn to a plurality of nodes in at least one second layer, each node comprising a weighting value and an offset value, each of which are optimised in order to produce an accurate prediction for the fluid flow. 13. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein the conduit is a subsea pipeline. 14. A method of assessing fluid flow according to claim 1, wherein a change in the measured vibration of the conduit is indicative of the fluid flow in the conduit upstream or downstream of the external surface on which the monochromatic light source is directed. 15. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conduit is a first conduit and the fluid flows into a manifold and onwards into a downstream pipeline, and wherein at least one further conduit comprises fluid comprising hydrocarbons and flows into the manifold, and said downstream pipeline, such that the fluid from the first and at least one further conduit are combined in the downstream pipeline. 16. A method for assessing fluid flow according to claim 15, wherein the method further comprises a step of predicting the fluid flow in the downstream pipeline based on the assessment of fluid flow in at least the first conduit. 17. A method for assessing fluid flow according to claim 15, wherein step (a) is also applied to the at least one further conduit to assess fluid flow therein. 18. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 17, wherein the method further comprises a step of predicting the fluid flow in the downstream pipeline based on the assessment of fluid flow in the first and the at least one further conduit. 19. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monochromatic light source is directed into a fibre optic, and travels through the fibre optic to a remote location before it is directed onto the external surface of the conduit. 20. A method for assessing fluid flow as claimed in claim 19, wherein the monochromatic light source is directed into a multiplexer, which is adapted to switch and direct the light source in turn to the fibre optic, and at least one further fibre optic cable, each fibre optic cable leading to a different point on the conduit, or different conduits, in order to direct the monochromatic light source onto the external face of the or a conduit. 21. An apparatus for the method of assessing fluid flow in a conduit as claimed in claim 1. 22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the detector is able to measure the velocity of an external surface of the conduit to an accuracy of +/−20 nm/s. | 2,800 |
343,083 | 16,642,835 | 2,892 | The invention relates to 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, in particular by intravenous infusion for a continuous period of up to 10 hours. The invention also relates to methods of treating cancer by administration of NUC-3373 to particular sub-groups of cancer patient. The invention further relates to methods for selecting a patient for treatment with NUC-3373. | 1. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of up to 10 hours. 2. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 1, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of up to 5 hours. 3. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of up to 2 hours. 4. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 1, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of between 1 and 2 hours, 2 and 4 hours or 1 and 6 hours. 5. NUC-3373 for use according to any preceding claim, wherein the administration is by means of continuous infusion. 6. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 5, wherein the infusion is by intravenous infusion. 7. NUC-3373 for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 by means of or includes a bolus administration. 8. NUC-3373 for use according to any preceding claim, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, other urothelial cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (also known as cancer of the digestive tract), liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary cancer, prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, cervical cancer, thymic cancer, a cancer of an unknown primary origin, mesothelioma, adrenal cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, the central nervous system cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, other skin cancers (such as malignant melanoma, merckel cell tumour and rare appendage tumours), ocular surface squamous neoplasia and germ cell tumours. 9. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 8, wherein the cancer is a gastrointestinal cancer selected from the group consisting of: oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, small intestine cancer, colon cancer, appendix mucinous, goblet cell carcinoid, liver cancer, biliary cancer, gallbladder cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. 10. NUC-3373 for use according to any preceding claim, wherein the patient with the cancer also suffers from hand-foot syndrome. 11. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 10, wherein the patient has developed hand-foot syndrome from a previous treatment regimen with a drug other than NUC-3373. 12. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 11, wherein the patient has developed hand-foot syndrome when being treated with 5FU, capecitabine or tegafur. 13. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer in a subject that suffers from hand-foot syndrome. 14. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 14, wherein the subject has developed hand-foot syndrome following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine such as 5FU, capecitabine or tegafur. 15. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, other urothelial cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (also known as cancer of the digestive tract), liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary cancer, prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, cervical cancer, thymic cancer, a cancer of an unknown primary origin, mesothelioma, adrenal cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, the central nervous system cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, other skin cancers (such as malignant melanoma, merckel cell tumour and rare appendage tumours), ocular surface squamous neoplasia and germ cell tumours. 16. NUC-3373 for use according to any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the cancer is gastrointestinal cancer and is selected from the group consisting of: oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, small intestine cancer, colon cancer, appendix mucinous, goblet cell carcinoid, liver cancer, biliary cancer, gallbladder cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. 17. A method of selecting a subject with cancer for treatment with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising determining whether the subject has hand-foot syndrome, wherein if the subject has hand-foot syndrome, the subject is selected for treatment with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373). 18. The method according to claim 18, wherein the patient developed hand-foot syndrome whilst being treated with a fluoropyrimidine, such as 5FU or capecitabine. 19. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer in subjects that are deficient or partially deficient in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). 20. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 20, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, other urothelial cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (also known as cancer of the digestive tract), liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary cancer, prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, cervical cancer, thymic cancer, a cancer of an unknown primary origin, mesothelioma, adrenal cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, the central nervous system cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, other skin cancers (such as malignant melanoma, merckel cell tumour and rare appendage tumours), ocular surface squamous neoplasia and germ cell tumours. 21. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the cancer is gastrointestinal cancer and is selected from the group consisting of: oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, small intestine cancer, colon cancer, appendix mucinous, goblet cell carcinoid, liver cancer, biliary cancer, gallbladder cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. 22. NUC-3373 for use according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the subject has a genetic mutation selected from IVS14+1G>A mutation in intron 14 coupled with exon 14 deletion (known as DPYD*2A), 496A>G in exon 6; 2846A>T in exon 22; and T1679G (DPYD*13) in exon 13. 23. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 23, wherein the subject has the IVS14+1G>A DPYD variant (DPYD*2A) mutation. 24. NUC-3373 for use according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the subject has previously exhibited intolerance for 5FU or capecitabine or has a family history of intolerance for 5FU or capecitabine. 25. A method of assessing effectiveness of an anti-cancer therapy, the method comprising: assaying a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or cancer cells from a subject receiving an anti-cancer therapy to determine the level of intracellular deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) within the PBMCs or cancer cells, wherein a reduction in the level of intracellular dTMP within the PBMCs or cancer cells indicates that the anti-cancer therapy is effective. 26. A method according to claim 26, wherein the subject is receiving anti-cancer treatment using NUC-3373. 27. A method according to claim 26 or claim 27, wherein the level of intracellular dTMP within the PBMCs or cancer cells is compared to a suitable control value. 28. A method according to any of claims 26 to 28, wherein the reduction is a reduction of at least 25%. 29. A method according to claim 29, wherein the reduction is substantially a complete reduction of intracellular dTMP. 30. A method of assessing effectiveness of an anti-cancer therapy, the method comprising: assaying a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or cancer cells from a subject receiving an anti-cancer therapy to determine the level of intracellular thymidylate synthase (TS) within the PBMCs or cancer cells, wherein a reduction in the level of intracellular TS within the PBMCs or cancer cells indicates that the anti-cancer therapy is effective. 31. A method according to claim 31, wherein the subject is receiving anti-cancer treatment using NUC-3373. 32. A method according to claim 31 or claim 32, wherein the level of intracellular TS within the PBMCs or cancer cells is compared to a suitable control value. 33. A method according to any of claims 31 to 33, wherein the reduction is a reduction of at least 25%. 34. A method according to claim 34 wherein the reduction is substantially a complete reduction of intracellular TS. | The invention relates to 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, in particular by intravenous infusion for a continuous period of up to 10 hours. The invention also relates to methods of treating cancer by administration of NUC-3373 to particular sub-groups of cancer patient. The invention further relates to methods for selecting a patient for treatment with NUC-3373.1. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of up to 10 hours. 2. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 1, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of up to 5 hours. 3. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of up to 2 hours. 4. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 1, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 over a period of between 1 and 2 hours, 2 and 4 hours or 1 and 6 hours. 5. NUC-3373 for use according to any preceding claim, wherein the administration is by means of continuous infusion. 6. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 5, wherein the infusion is by intravenous infusion. 7. NUC-3373 for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment is by administration of NUC-3373 by means of or includes a bolus administration. 8. NUC-3373 for use according to any preceding claim, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, other urothelial cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (also known as cancer of the digestive tract), liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary cancer, prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, cervical cancer, thymic cancer, a cancer of an unknown primary origin, mesothelioma, adrenal cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, the central nervous system cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, other skin cancers (such as malignant melanoma, merckel cell tumour and rare appendage tumours), ocular surface squamous neoplasia and germ cell tumours. 9. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 8, wherein the cancer is a gastrointestinal cancer selected from the group consisting of: oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, small intestine cancer, colon cancer, appendix mucinous, goblet cell carcinoid, liver cancer, biliary cancer, gallbladder cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. 10. NUC-3373 for use according to any preceding claim, wherein the patient with the cancer also suffers from hand-foot syndrome. 11. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 10, wherein the patient has developed hand-foot syndrome from a previous treatment regimen with a drug other than NUC-3373. 12. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 11, wherein the patient has developed hand-foot syndrome when being treated with 5FU, capecitabine or tegafur. 13. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer in a subject that suffers from hand-foot syndrome. 14. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 14, wherein the subject has developed hand-foot syndrome following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine such as 5FU, capecitabine or tegafur. 15. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, other urothelial cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (also known as cancer of the digestive tract), liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary cancer, prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, cervical cancer, thymic cancer, a cancer of an unknown primary origin, mesothelioma, adrenal cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, the central nervous system cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, other skin cancers (such as malignant melanoma, merckel cell tumour and rare appendage tumours), ocular surface squamous neoplasia and germ cell tumours. 16. NUC-3373 for use according to any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the cancer is gastrointestinal cancer and is selected from the group consisting of: oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, small intestine cancer, colon cancer, appendix mucinous, goblet cell carcinoid, liver cancer, biliary cancer, gallbladder cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. 17. A method of selecting a subject with cancer for treatment with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising determining whether the subject has hand-foot syndrome, wherein if the subject has hand-foot syndrome, the subject is selected for treatment with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373). 18. The method according to claim 18, wherein the patient developed hand-foot syndrome whilst being treated with a fluoropyrimidine, such as 5FU or capecitabine. 19. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5-O-[1-naphthyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate (NUC-3373), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer in subjects that are deficient or partially deficient in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). 20. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 20, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, other urothelial cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (also known as cancer of the digestive tract), liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary cancer, prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, cervical cancer, thymic cancer, a cancer of an unknown primary origin, mesothelioma, adrenal cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, the central nervous system cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, other skin cancers (such as malignant melanoma, merckel cell tumour and rare appendage tumours), ocular surface squamous neoplasia and germ cell tumours. 21. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the cancer is gastrointestinal cancer and is selected from the group consisting of: oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, bowel cancer, small intestine cancer, colon cancer, appendix mucinous, goblet cell carcinoid, liver cancer, biliary cancer, gallbladder cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. 22. NUC-3373 for use according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the subject has a genetic mutation selected from IVS14+1G>A mutation in intron 14 coupled with exon 14 deletion (known as DPYD*2A), 496A>G in exon 6; 2846A>T in exon 22; and T1679G (DPYD*13) in exon 13. 23. NUC-3373 for use according to claim 23, wherein the subject has the IVS14+1G>A DPYD variant (DPYD*2A) mutation. 24. NUC-3373 for use according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the subject has previously exhibited intolerance for 5FU or capecitabine or has a family history of intolerance for 5FU or capecitabine. 25. A method of assessing effectiveness of an anti-cancer therapy, the method comprising: assaying a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or cancer cells from a subject receiving an anti-cancer therapy to determine the level of intracellular deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) within the PBMCs or cancer cells, wherein a reduction in the level of intracellular dTMP within the PBMCs or cancer cells indicates that the anti-cancer therapy is effective. 26. A method according to claim 26, wherein the subject is receiving anti-cancer treatment using NUC-3373. 27. A method according to claim 26 or claim 27, wherein the level of intracellular dTMP within the PBMCs or cancer cells is compared to a suitable control value. 28. A method according to any of claims 26 to 28, wherein the reduction is a reduction of at least 25%. 29. A method according to claim 29, wherein the reduction is substantially a complete reduction of intracellular dTMP. 30. A method of assessing effectiveness of an anti-cancer therapy, the method comprising: assaying a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or cancer cells from a subject receiving an anti-cancer therapy to determine the level of intracellular thymidylate synthase (TS) within the PBMCs or cancer cells, wherein a reduction in the level of intracellular TS within the PBMCs or cancer cells indicates that the anti-cancer therapy is effective. 31. A method according to claim 31, wherein the subject is receiving anti-cancer treatment using NUC-3373. 32. A method according to claim 31 or claim 32, wherein the level of intracellular TS within the PBMCs or cancer cells is compared to a suitable control value. 33. A method according to any of claims 31 to 33, wherein the reduction is a reduction of at least 25%. 34. A method according to claim 34 wherein the reduction is substantially a complete reduction of intracellular TS. | 2,800 |
343,084 | 16,642,812 | 2,892 | A blood occlusion device (10) includes a catheter shaft (12), and an expandable occlusion member (14) assembled with the catheter shaft (12). The expandable occlusion member (14) includes interconnecting struts (16). Distal ends of at least some of the struts (16) have a foldable protrusion (20) connected thereto by a hinge member (22). The foldable protrusions (20) pivot about at least some of the struts (16) in one or more directions. One or more connecting links (26) are connected to the foldable protrusions (20). Manipulation of the connecting links (26) and the foldable protrusions (20) modifies occlusion ability of the foldable protrusions (20). A covering (24) covers the foldable protrusions (20). The covering (24) is impervious to blood flow. An outer contour of the covering (24) includes one or more non-smooth portions (36). | 1. A blood occlusion device (10) comprising:
a catheter shaft (12); an expandable occlusion member (14) assembled with said catheter shaft (12), said expandable occlusion member (14) comprising interconnecting struts (16), wherein distal ends of at least some of said struts (16) have a foldable protrusion (20) connected thereto by a hinge member (22), such that said foldable protrusions (20) pivot about said at least some of said struts (16) in one or more directions; one or more connecting links (26) connected to said foldable protrusions (20), wherein manipulation of said one or more connecting links (26) and said foldable protrusions (20) modifies occlusion ability of said foldable protrusions (20); and a covering (24) that covers said foldable protrusions (20), said covering (24) being impervious to blood flow; wherein an outer contour of said covering (24) comprises one or more non-smooth portions (36). 2. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said one or more non-smooth portions (36) comprises one or more folds. 3. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said one or more non-smooth portions (36) comprises one or more bulges. 4. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said one or more non-smooth portions (36) comprises one or more uneven edges. 5. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said covering (24) also covers part of the distal ends of said struts (16) and part of said hinge members (22). 6. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein when said foldable protrusions (20) are moved inwards, a space is left open in said covering (24). | A blood occlusion device (10) includes a catheter shaft (12), and an expandable occlusion member (14) assembled with the catheter shaft (12). The expandable occlusion member (14) includes interconnecting struts (16). Distal ends of at least some of the struts (16) have a foldable protrusion (20) connected thereto by a hinge member (22). The foldable protrusions (20) pivot about at least some of the struts (16) in one or more directions. One or more connecting links (26) are connected to the foldable protrusions (20). Manipulation of the connecting links (26) and the foldable protrusions (20) modifies occlusion ability of the foldable protrusions (20). A covering (24) covers the foldable protrusions (20). The covering (24) is impervious to blood flow. An outer contour of the covering (24) includes one or more non-smooth portions (36).1. A blood occlusion device (10) comprising:
a catheter shaft (12); an expandable occlusion member (14) assembled with said catheter shaft (12), said expandable occlusion member (14) comprising interconnecting struts (16), wherein distal ends of at least some of said struts (16) have a foldable protrusion (20) connected thereto by a hinge member (22), such that said foldable protrusions (20) pivot about said at least some of said struts (16) in one or more directions; one or more connecting links (26) connected to said foldable protrusions (20), wherein manipulation of said one or more connecting links (26) and said foldable protrusions (20) modifies occlusion ability of said foldable protrusions (20); and a covering (24) that covers said foldable protrusions (20), said covering (24) being impervious to blood flow; wherein an outer contour of said covering (24) comprises one or more non-smooth portions (36). 2. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said one or more non-smooth portions (36) comprises one or more folds. 3. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said one or more non-smooth portions (36) comprises one or more bulges. 4. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said one or more non-smooth portions (36) comprises one or more uneven edges. 5. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said covering (24) also covers part of the distal ends of said struts (16) and part of said hinge members (22). 6. The device (10) according to claim 1, wherein when said foldable protrusions (20) are moved inwards, a space is left open in said covering (24). | 2,800 |
343,085 | 16,642,831 | 2,892 | Provided are an adhesive film and an optical member comprising same, the adhesive film comprising at least two types of (meth)acrylic monomers for a (meth)acrylic prepolymer, and (meth)acrylate containing silicon, wherein the release force of the adhesive film with respect to a polyimide film is approximately 0.5 gf/in to 5 gf/in. | 1. An adhesive film formed of at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for a (meth)acrylic prepolymer and a silicon-containing (meth)acrylate,
the adhesive film having a peel strength of about 0.5 gf/in to about 5 gf/in with respect to a polyimide film. 2. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate comprises a siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate. 3. The adhesive film according to claim 2, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate is represented by Formula 1: 4. The adhesive film according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising a monomer mixture comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer and the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate. 5. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the adhesive film has a transfer peel strength change rate of about 85% or more, as calculated by Equation 2:
Transfer peel strength change rate=D/C×100, <Equation 2>
where C is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of an adhesive tape with respect to a glass substrate; and D is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of the adhesive tape with respect to a portion of the glass substrate from which the adhesive film is removed, after the adhesive film is laminated onto the glass substrate and is left in an oven at 40° C. for 10 days. 6. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 6 wt % to about 80 wt % in the monomer mixture. 7. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprises an alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate,
the monomer mixture comprising about 5 wt % to about 90 wt % of the alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % of the hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, and about 6 wt % to about 80 wt % of the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate. 8. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the monomer mixture further comprises a cyclic functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer. 9. The adhesive film according to claim 8, wherein the cyclic functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer comprises a C3 to C15 alicyclic group-containing (meth)acrylate and a C3 to C15 hetero-alicyclic group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer having at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 10. The adhesive film according to claim 8, wherein the cyclic functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % in the monomer mixture. 11. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer and a siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and a siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate as and the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate,
the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate being present in a total amount of about 3 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total amount of the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer, the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate, and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 12. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film has a residue ratio of about 25% or less, as calculated by Equation 3:
Residue ratio=|B−A|A×100, <Equation 3>
where A is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of an adhesive tape with respect to a glass substrate, and B is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of the adhesive tape with respect to a portion of the glass substrate from which the adhesive film is removed, after the adhesive film is laminated onto the glass substrate and is left at 50° C. for 10 days. 13. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film has a weight change rate of about 2% or less, as calculated by Equation 4:
Weight change rate=|F−E|/E×100, <Equation 4>
where E is an initial weight (unit: g) of the adhesive film, and F is a weight (unit: g) of the adhesive film after the adhesive film is left at 150° C. for 90 minutes and left at 25° C. for 15 minutes. 14. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is represented by Formula 5: 15. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprise an alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate. 16. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total amount of the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer, the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate, and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 17. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising: a monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers and the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate; and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 18. The adhesive film according to claim 17, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate are present in a total amount of about 4 parts by weight to about 40 parts by weight relative to the total amount of 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer and about 3 parts by weight to about 25 parts by weight of the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 19. The adhesive film according to claim 17, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % in the monomer mixture. 20. The adhesive film according to claim 17, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 3 parts by weight to about 25 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture. 21. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising: a monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers, the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate, and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 22. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate are present in a total amount of about 4 wt % to about 40 wt % in the monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer. 23. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % in the monomer mixture. 24. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 25 wt % in the monomer mixture. 25. The adhesive film according to claim 1, further comprising: an antistatic agent. 26. The adhesive film according to claim 25, wherein the adhesive film has a surface resistance of about 6.5×109Ω/□ or less. 27. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive composition further comprises a crosslinking agent. 28. The adhesive film according to claim 27, wherein the crosslinking agent is present in an amount of about 0.5 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture. 29. An optical member comprising:
an optical film; and the adhesive film according to claim 1, the adhesive film being formed on at least one surface of the optical film. | Provided are an adhesive film and an optical member comprising same, the adhesive film comprising at least two types of (meth)acrylic monomers for a (meth)acrylic prepolymer, and (meth)acrylate containing silicon, wherein the release force of the adhesive film with respect to a polyimide film is approximately 0.5 gf/in to 5 gf/in.1. An adhesive film formed of at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for a (meth)acrylic prepolymer and a silicon-containing (meth)acrylate,
the adhesive film having a peel strength of about 0.5 gf/in to about 5 gf/in with respect to a polyimide film. 2. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate comprises a siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate. 3. The adhesive film according to claim 2, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate is represented by Formula 1: 4. The adhesive film according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising a monomer mixture comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer and the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate. 5. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the adhesive film has a transfer peel strength change rate of about 85% or more, as calculated by Equation 2:
Transfer peel strength change rate=D/C×100, <Equation 2>
where C is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of an adhesive tape with respect to a glass substrate; and D is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of the adhesive tape with respect to a portion of the glass substrate from which the adhesive film is removed, after the adhesive film is laminated onto the glass substrate and is left in an oven at 40° C. for 10 days. 6. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 6 wt % to about 80 wt % in the monomer mixture. 7. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprises an alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate,
the monomer mixture comprising about 5 wt % to about 90 wt % of the alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % of the hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, and about 6 wt % to about 80 wt % of the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate. 8. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the monomer mixture further comprises a cyclic functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer. 9. The adhesive film according to claim 8, wherein the cyclic functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer comprises a C3 to C15 alicyclic group-containing (meth)acrylate and a C3 to C15 hetero-alicyclic group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer having at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 10. The adhesive film according to claim 8, wherein the cyclic functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % in the monomer mixture. 11. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer and a siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and a siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate as and the silicon-containing (meth)acrylate,
the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate being present in a total amount of about 3 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total amount of the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer, the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate, and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 12. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film has a residue ratio of about 25% or less, as calculated by Equation 3:
Residue ratio=|B−A|A×100, <Equation 3>
where A is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of an adhesive tape with respect to a glass substrate, and B is a peel strength (unit: gf/in) of the adhesive tape with respect to a portion of the glass substrate from which the adhesive film is removed, after the adhesive film is laminated onto the glass substrate and is left at 50° C. for 10 days. 13. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film has a weight change rate of about 2% or less, as calculated by Equation 4:
Weight change rate=|F−E|/E×100, <Equation 4>
where E is an initial weight (unit: g) of the adhesive film, and F is a weight (unit: g) of the adhesive film after the adhesive film is left at 150° C. for 90 minutes and left at 25° C. for 15 minutes. 14. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is represented by Formula 5: 15. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprise an alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate. 16. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total amount of the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer, the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate, and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 17. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising: a monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers and the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate; and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 18. The adhesive film according to claim 17, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate are present in a total amount of about 4 parts by weight to about 40 parts by weight relative to the total amount of 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer and about 3 parts by weight to about 25 parts by weight of the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 19. The adhesive film according to claim 17, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % in the monomer mixture. 20. The adhesive film according to claim 17, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 3 parts by weight to about 25 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture. 21. The adhesive film according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive film is formed of an adhesive composition comprising: a monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer comprising the at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic monomers, the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate, and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate. 22. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate are present in a total amount of about 4 wt % to about 40 wt % in the monomer mixture for the (meth)acrylic prepolymer. 23. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the siloxane-modified monofunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % in the monomer mixture. 24. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the siloxane-modified bifunctional (meth)acrylate is present in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 25 wt % in the monomer mixture. 25. The adhesive film according to claim 1, further comprising: an antistatic agent. 26. The adhesive film according to claim 25, wherein the adhesive film has a surface resistance of about 6.5×109Ω/□ or less. 27. The adhesive film according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive composition further comprises a crosslinking agent. 28. The adhesive film according to claim 27, wherein the crosslinking agent is present in an amount of about 0.5 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture. 29. An optical member comprising:
an optical film; and the adhesive film according to claim 1, the adhesive film being formed on at least one surface of the optical film. | 2,800 |
343,086 | 16,642,837 | 2,892 | The present invention provides a hot-stamping formed article made of steel, in which the hot-stamping formed article has at least one of a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more and a martensitic steel structure and includes a first portion, a corner portion, and a second portion, which are sequentially continuous from one end portion to the other end portion in a longitudinal direction, each of the first portion, the corner portion, and the second portion includes a top sheet and two vertical walls connected to the top sheet when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the second portion includes a first outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall, and the corner portion includes a vertical flange extending from the vertical wall of the first portion, a second outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall located on an outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls, and a transition portion in which the vertical flange and the second outwardly-extending flange are continuous. | 1. A hot-stamping formed article made of steel,
wherein the hot-stamping formed article has at least one of a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more and a martensitic steel structure and includes a first portion, a corner portion, and a second portion, which are sequentially continuous from one end portion to an other end portion in a longitudinal direction, each of the first portion, the corner portion, and the second portion includes a top sheet and two vertical walls connected to the top sheet when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the second portion includes a first outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall, and the corner portion includes
a vertical flange extending from the vertical wall of the first portion,
a second outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall located on an outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls, and
a transition portion in which the vertical flange and the second outwardly-extending flange are continuous. 2. The hot-stamping formed article according to claim 1, which is a lower A pillar outer panel. 3. A method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 1 by performing press forming on a blank by a hot stamping method, the method comprising:
disposing the blank between a punch and a blank holder, a die disposed to face the blank holder, and a bending die;
supporting a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet by the punch;
sandwiching at least a part of a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion between the blank holder and the die; and
performing drawing on at least the part of the portion which is to be formed into the vertical wall by the punch, the blank holder and the die by moving the die and the bending die relatively close to the punch, and performing bending forming on a remaining part excluding the part to be drawn by the punch and the bending die. 4. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 3,
wherein at least a part of the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion and the vertical flange is drawn out before reaching a bottom dead center, and sandwiching by the blank holder and the die is finished. 5. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 3, further comprising:
a pad disposed to face the punch, wherein the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet is sandwiched between the punch and the pad. 6. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 3,
wherein the die and the blank holder respectively include first surfaces which abut on and sandwich the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion, bent portions continuous to the first surfaces, and second surfaces which are continuous to the bent portions and are inclined in a direction away from the bending die with respect to the first surfaces, and the second surface of each of the die and the blank holder performs drawing on the blank along with bending forming by the punch and the bending die. 7. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein a difference in a pressing direction between an end portion of a portion of the blank restrained by each of the second surfaces of the die and the blank holder during forming and an end portion of a portion which is subjected to the bending forming by the punch and the bending die and is to become the first outwardly-extending flange is 20 mm or less. 8. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein the bent portion of the die is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a bending ridge line portion of the bending die, and the bent portion of the blank holder is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch. 9. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein an inclination angle of the second surface with respect to the first surface in the blank holder is equal to or more than (an inclination angle of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch−30 degrees) and equal to or less than (the inclination angle of the punch shoulder radius portion of the punch+30 degrees). 10. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein the first surface of the blank holder is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a punch bottom surface of the punch when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. 11. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein the first surface of the die is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a plane on which a bending ridge line portion of the bending die is present when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. 12. A device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 1 by performing press forming on a blank by a hot stamping method, the device comprising:
a punch and a blank holder;
a die disposed to face the blank holder; and
a bending die,
wherein the die and the bending die, and the punch are moved relatively close to and away from each other,
the punch supports a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet,
at least a part of a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion is sandwiched between the blank holder and the die, and
at least the part of the portion which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion is drawn by the punch, the blank holder and the die, and a remaining part excluding the part to be drawn is subjected to bending forming by the punch and the bending die. 13. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 12,
wherein sandwiching of at least the part of the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion between the blank holder and the die is finished by drawing-out before reaching a bottom dead center. 14. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 12, further comprising:
a pad disposed to face the punch, wherein the punch and the pad sandwich the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet. 15. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 12,
wherein the die and the blank holder respectively include first surfaces which abut on and sandwich the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion, bent portions continuous to the first surfaces, and second surfaces which are continuous to the bent portions and are inclined in a direction away from the bending die with respect to the first surfaces. 16. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein the bent portion of the die is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a bending ridge line portion of the bending die, and the bent portion of the blank holder is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch. 17. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein an inclination angle of the second surface with respect to the first surface in the blank holder is equal to or more than (an inclination angle of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch−30 degrees) and equal to or less than (the inclination angle of the punch shoulder radius portion of the punch+30 degrees). 18. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein the first surface of the blank holder is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a punch bottom surface of the punch when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. 19. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein the first surface of the die is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a plane on which a bending ridge line portion of the bending die is present when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. | The present invention provides a hot-stamping formed article made of steel, in which the hot-stamping formed article has at least one of a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more and a martensitic steel structure and includes a first portion, a corner portion, and a second portion, which are sequentially continuous from one end portion to the other end portion in a longitudinal direction, each of the first portion, the corner portion, and the second portion includes a top sheet and two vertical walls connected to the top sheet when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the second portion includes a first outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall, and the corner portion includes a vertical flange extending from the vertical wall of the first portion, a second outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall located on an outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls, and a transition portion in which the vertical flange and the second outwardly-extending flange are continuous.1. A hot-stamping formed article made of steel,
wherein the hot-stamping formed article has at least one of a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more and a martensitic steel structure and includes a first portion, a corner portion, and a second portion, which are sequentially continuous from one end portion to an other end portion in a longitudinal direction, each of the first portion, the corner portion, and the second portion includes a top sheet and two vertical walls connected to the top sheet when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the second portion includes a first outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall, and the corner portion includes
a vertical flange extending from the vertical wall of the first portion,
a second outwardly-extending flange adjacent to the vertical wall located on an outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls, and
a transition portion in which the vertical flange and the second outwardly-extending flange are continuous. 2. The hot-stamping formed article according to claim 1, which is a lower A pillar outer panel. 3. A method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 1 by performing press forming on a blank by a hot stamping method, the method comprising:
disposing the blank between a punch and a blank holder, a die disposed to face the blank holder, and a bending die;
supporting a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet by the punch;
sandwiching at least a part of a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion between the blank holder and the die; and
performing drawing on at least the part of the portion which is to be formed into the vertical wall by the punch, the blank holder and the die by moving the die and the bending die relatively close to the punch, and performing bending forming on a remaining part excluding the part to be drawn by the punch and the bending die. 4. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 3,
wherein at least a part of the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion and the vertical flange is drawn out before reaching a bottom dead center, and sandwiching by the blank holder and the die is finished. 5. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 3, further comprising:
a pad disposed to face the punch, wherein the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet is sandwiched between the punch and the pad. 6. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 3,
wherein the die and the blank holder respectively include first surfaces which abut on and sandwich the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion, bent portions continuous to the first surfaces, and second surfaces which are continuous to the bent portions and are inclined in a direction away from the bending die with respect to the first surfaces, and the second surface of each of the die and the blank holder performs drawing on the blank along with bending forming by the punch and the bending die. 7. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein a difference in a pressing direction between an end portion of a portion of the blank restrained by each of the second surfaces of the die and the blank holder during forming and an end portion of a portion which is subjected to the bending forming by the punch and the bending die and is to become the first outwardly-extending flange is 20 mm or less. 8. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein the bent portion of the die is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a bending ridge line portion of the bending die, and the bent portion of the blank holder is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch. 9. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein an inclination angle of the second surface with respect to the first surface in the blank holder is equal to or more than (an inclination angle of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch−30 degrees) and equal to or less than (the inclination angle of the punch shoulder radius portion of the punch+30 degrees). 10. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein the first surface of the blank holder is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a punch bottom surface of the punch when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. 11. The method for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 6,
wherein the first surface of the die is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a plane on which a bending ridge line portion of the bending die is present when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. 12. A device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 1 by performing press forming on a blank by a hot stamping method, the device comprising:
a punch and a blank holder;
a die disposed to face the blank holder; and
a bending die,
wherein the die and the bending die, and the punch are moved relatively close to and away from each other,
the punch supports a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet,
at least a part of a portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion is sandwiched between the blank holder and the die, and
at least the part of the portion which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion is drawn by the punch, the blank holder and the die, and a remaining part excluding the part to be drawn is subjected to bending forming by the punch and the bending die. 13. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 12,
wherein sandwiching of at least the part of the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion between the blank holder and the die is finished by drawing-out before reaching a bottom dead center. 14. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 12, further comprising:
a pad disposed to face the punch, wherein the punch and the pad sandwich the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the top sheet. 15. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 12,
wherein the die and the blank holder respectively include first surfaces which abut on and sandwich the portion of the blank which is to be formed into the vertical wall located on the outer peripheral side of the corner portion out of the two vertical walls in the first portion and the corner portion, bent portions continuous to the first surfaces, and second surfaces which are continuous to the bent portions and are inclined in a direction away from the bending die with respect to the first surfaces. 16. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein the bent portion of the die is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a bending ridge line portion of the bending die, and the bent portion of the blank holder is provided at a height position in the vicinity of a height position of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch. 17. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein an inclination angle of the second surface with respect to the first surface in the blank holder is equal to or more than (an inclination angle of a punch shoulder radius portion of the punch−30 degrees) and equal to or less than (the inclination angle of the punch shoulder radius portion of the punch+30 degrees). 18. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein the first surface of the blank holder is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a punch bottom surface of the punch when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. 19. The device for manufacturing the hot-stamping formed article according to claim 15,
wherein the first surface of the die is present at a height position substantially coincident with a height position of a plane on which a bending ridge line portion of the bending die is present when the blank is sandwiched between the die and the blank holder. | 2,800 |
343,087 | 16,642,830 | 2,892 | In a virtual sound image control system according to the present invention, a signal processor generates an acoustic signal and outputs the acoustic signal to two-channel loudspeakers and so as to create a virtual sound image to be perceived by a user as a stereophonic sound image. The two-channel loudspeakers and have the same emission direction. The two-channel loudspeakers and are arranged in line in the emission direction. | 1. A virtual sound image control system comprising:
two-channel loudspeakers each configured to receive an acoustic signal and emit a sound; and a signal processor configured to generate the acoustic signal and output the acoustic signal to the two-channel loudspeakers so as to create a virtual sound image to be perceived by a user as a stereophonic sound image, the two-channel loudspeakers having the same emission direction, the two-channel loudspeakers being arranged in line in the emission direction. 2. The virtual sound image control system of claim 1, wherein
a listening area for the user is formed in the shape of an annular ring, of which a center is defined by the emission direction. 3. The virtual sound image control system of claim 1, wherein
the emission direction is either a horizontal direction or an upward/downward direction. 4. A virtual sound image control system comprising:
two-channel loudspeakers each configured to receive an acoustic signal and emit a sound; and a signal processor configured to generate the acoustic signal and output the acoustic signal to the two-channel loudspeakers so as to create a virtual sound image to be perceived by a user as a stereophonic sound image, the two-channel loudspeakers being arranged such that a first listening area and a second listening area for the user are symmetric to each other with respect to a virtual plane including a virtual line segment connecting the two-channel loudspeakers together. 5. The virtual sound image control system of claim 4, wherein
the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged one on top of the other in an upward/downward direction, and an emission direction of each of the two-channel loudspeakers is a horizontal direction and points to the same direction. 6. The virtual sound image control system of claim 4, wherein
the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged side by side horizontally, and an emission direction of each of the two-channel loudspeakers is either an upward direction or a downward direction and points to the same direction. 7. The virtual sound image control system of claim 1, wherein
the signal processor includes a signal processing unit configured to generate the acoustic signal by convoluting a transfer function with respect to sound source data, and the transfer function is a compensation transfer function for reducing crosstalk in each of the sounds respectively emitted from the two-channel loudspeakers. 8. The virtual sound image control system of claim 7, wherein
the signal processing unit is configured to further convolute a head-related transfer function defined for the user with respect to the sound source data. 9. The virtual sound image control system of claim 7, wherein
the signal processing unit includes a sound source data storage unit configured to store the sound source data. 10. A light fixture comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 1; a light source; and a light fixture body equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers and the light source. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein
the light fixture body is configured to be mounted onto a ceiling surface. 12. A kitchen system comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 1; and a kitchen counter equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers. 13. The kitchen system of claim 12, wherein
the kitchen counter is configured as an L-shaped kitchen counter, and the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged on an inner side of a bending corner of the L-shaped kitchen counter. 14. The kitchen system of claim 12, wherein
the kitchen counter is configured as an I-shaped kitchen counter, and the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged at a center of a front surface of the I-shaped kitchen counter. 15. A ceiling member comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 4; and a panel equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers. 16. A table comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 4; and a tabletop equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers. 17. The virtual sound image control system of claim 4, wherein
the signal processor includes a signal processing unit configured to generate the acoustic signal by convoluting a transfer function with respect to sound source data, and the transfer function is a compensation transfer function for reducing crosstalk in each of the sounds respectively emitted from the two-channel loudspeakers. 18. The virtual sound image control system of claim 17, wherein
the signal processing unit is configured to further convolute a head-related transfer function defined for the user with respect to the sound source data. 19. The virtual sound image control system of claim 17, wherein
the signal processing unit includes a sound source data storage unit configured to store the sound source data. | In a virtual sound image control system according to the present invention, a signal processor generates an acoustic signal and outputs the acoustic signal to two-channel loudspeakers and so as to create a virtual sound image to be perceived by a user as a stereophonic sound image. The two-channel loudspeakers and have the same emission direction. The two-channel loudspeakers and are arranged in line in the emission direction.1. A virtual sound image control system comprising:
two-channel loudspeakers each configured to receive an acoustic signal and emit a sound; and a signal processor configured to generate the acoustic signal and output the acoustic signal to the two-channel loudspeakers so as to create a virtual sound image to be perceived by a user as a stereophonic sound image, the two-channel loudspeakers having the same emission direction, the two-channel loudspeakers being arranged in line in the emission direction. 2. The virtual sound image control system of claim 1, wherein
a listening area for the user is formed in the shape of an annular ring, of which a center is defined by the emission direction. 3. The virtual sound image control system of claim 1, wherein
the emission direction is either a horizontal direction or an upward/downward direction. 4. A virtual sound image control system comprising:
two-channel loudspeakers each configured to receive an acoustic signal and emit a sound; and a signal processor configured to generate the acoustic signal and output the acoustic signal to the two-channel loudspeakers so as to create a virtual sound image to be perceived by a user as a stereophonic sound image, the two-channel loudspeakers being arranged such that a first listening area and a second listening area for the user are symmetric to each other with respect to a virtual plane including a virtual line segment connecting the two-channel loudspeakers together. 5. The virtual sound image control system of claim 4, wherein
the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged one on top of the other in an upward/downward direction, and an emission direction of each of the two-channel loudspeakers is a horizontal direction and points to the same direction. 6. The virtual sound image control system of claim 4, wherein
the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged side by side horizontally, and an emission direction of each of the two-channel loudspeakers is either an upward direction or a downward direction and points to the same direction. 7. The virtual sound image control system of claim 1, wherein
the signal processor includes a signal processing unit configured to generate the acoustic signal by convoluting a transfer function with respect to sound source data, and the transfer function is a compensation transfer function for reducing crosstalk in each of the sounds respectively emitted from the two-channel loudspeakers. 8. The virtual sound image control system of claim 7, wherein
the signal processing unit is configured to further convolute a head-related transfer function defined for the user with respect to the sound source data. 9. The virtual sound image control system of claim 7, wherein
the signal processing unit includes a sound source data storage unit configured to store the sound source data. 10. A light fixture comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 1; a light source; and a light fixture body equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers and the light source. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein
the light fixture body is configured to be mounted onto a ceiling surface. 12. A kitchen system comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 1; and a kitchen counter equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers. 13. The kitchen system of claim 12, wherein
the kitchen counter is configured as an L-shaped kitchen counter, and the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged on an inner side of a bending corner of the L-shaped kitchen counter. 14. The kitchen system of claim 12, wherein
the kitchen counter is configured as an I-shaped kitchen counter, and the two-channel loudspeakers are arranged at a center of a front surface of the I-shaped kitchen counter. 15. A ceiling member comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 4; and a panel equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers. 16. A table comprising:
the two-channel loudspeakers that form parts of the virtual sound image control system according to claim 4; and a tabletop equipped with the two-channel loudspeakers. 17. The virtual sound image control system of claim 4, wherein
the signal processor includes a signal processing unit configured to generate the acoustic signal by convoluting a transfer function with respect to sound source data, and the transfer function is a compensation transfer function for reducing crosstalk in each of the sounds respectively emitted from the two-channel loudspeakers. 18. The virtual sound image control system of claim 17, wherein
the signal processing unit is configured to further convolute a head-related transfer function defined for the user with respect to the sound source data. 19. The virtual sound image control system of claim 17, wherein
the signal processing unit includes a sound source data storage unit configured to store the sound source data. | 2,800 |
343,088 | 16,642,829 | 2,892 | A method of obtaining a compound may include adding a substrate to a medium in a reactor, and reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound. A first stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a first membrane. A second stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a second membrane. The first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction The first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the separation steps. | 1. A method of obtaining a compound, the method comprising:
adding a substrate to a medium (132) comprised in a reactor (13, 33), reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound, separating a first stream from the medium through a first membrane (115), the first stream comprising first products, separating a second stream from the medium through a second membrane (125), the second stream comprising second products distinct from the first products, and withdrawing the first stream and the second stream separately from the reactor, characterised in that: wherein the first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the steps of separating the first stream and separating the second stream; and in that wherein either the first or the second products include comprise or consist of the compound. 2. Method The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of separating the first stream and of separating the second stream are performed in parallel. 3. MethodThe method of any one of the preceding claimsclaim 1, wherein the first membrane is a microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane. 4. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second stream is separated through the second membrane via pervaporation or liquid-liquid extraction. 5. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound is an ester or an amide, wherein the first products comprise the compound, and wherein the second products comprise water or an alcohol. 6. MethodThe method of claim 5, wherein the reactor comprises a catalyst, the catalyst being retained by the first membrane. 7. MethodThe method of claim 6, wherein the catalyst comprises an enzyme. 8. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the compound is an organic solvent, and wherein the second products comprise the organic solvent. 9. MethodThe method of claim 8, wherein the organic solvent is butanol or acetone. 10. MethodThe method of claim 8, wherein the second stream is separated through the second membrane by pervaporation, the second stream comprising a gaseous compound, in particular carbon dioxide. 11. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound is obtained through a fermentation process. 12. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are mounted on respective support frames (113, 123, 313, 323) arranged in the reactor, the method comprising turning the support frames relative to the reactor. 13. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are rotating or oscillating relative to the reactor during the steps of separating the first stream and separating the second stream. 14. ApparatusAn apparatus, comprising:
a reactor (13, 33), comprising a reactor vessel (131), a substrate supply (141), a first outlet (111) and a second outlet (121), a filtration unit comprising a first membrane (115) having a first surface communicating with the reactor vessel and a second surface, opposite the first surface, communicating with the first outlet, and a liquid-liquid or liquid-gas extraction unit comprising a second membrane (125) having a third surface communicating with the reactor vessel and a fourth surface, opposite the third surface, communicating with the second outlet, characterised in thatwherein the first membrane and the second membrane are arranged inside the reactor vessel, and wherein that the first the first membrane and the second membrane are arranged to move relative to the reactor vessel. 15. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 14, comprising means (112) for applying a first pressure difference between the first surface and the second surface, the first pressure difference being configured to generate a permeate flow from the first surface to the second surface. 16. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, comprising means (122) for applying a second pressure difference between the third surface and the fourth surface, the second pressure difference being configured to recover a liquid compound in the reactor vessel through a corresponding vapourvapor at the fourth surface. 17. Apparatus The apparatus of any one of the claims 14 to 16 claim 14, wherein the first membrane is a microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane, and wherein the second membrane is a membrane for pervaporation or liquid-liquid extraction. 18. Apparatus The apparatus of any one of the claims 14 to 17 claim 14, comprising a first support frame (113, 313) and a second support frame (123, 323) associated with the first membrane and the second membrane respectively, wherein the first and second support frames are pivotally arranged relative to the reactor vessel. 19. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are fixedly attached to the respective first and second support frame. 20. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, comprising one of:
a pair of pivot axes fixedly arranged to the reactor vessel, wherein the first and second support frames are configured to turn on a respective one of the pivot axes, and a common pivot axis fixedly arranged the reactor vessel, wherein the first and second support frames are configured to turn on the common pivot axis. 21-22. (canceled) | A method of obtaining a compound may include adding a substrate to a medium in a reactor, and reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound. A first stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a first membrane. A second stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a second membrane. The first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction The first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the separation steps.1. A method of obtaining a compound, the method comprising:
adding a substrate to a medium (132) comprised in a reactor (13, 33), reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound, separating a first stream from the medium through a first membrane (115), the first stream comprising first products, separating a second stream from the medium through a second membrane (125), the second stream comprising second products distinct from the first products, and withdrawing the first stream and the second stream separately from the reactor, characterised in that: wherein the first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the steps of separating the first stream and separating the second stream; and in that wherein either the first or the second products include comprise or consist of the compound. 2. Method The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of separating the first stream and of separating the second stream are performed in parallel. 3. MethodThe method of any one of the preceding claimsclaim 1, wherein the first membrane is a microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane. 4. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second stream is separated through the second membrane via pervaporation or liquid-liquid extraction. 5. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound is an ester or an amide, wherein the first products comprise the compound, and wherein the second products comprise water or an alcohol. 6. MethodThe method of claim 5, wherein the reactor comprises a catalyst, the catalyst being retained by the first membrane. 7. MethodThe method of claim 6, wherein the catalyst comprises an enzyme. 8. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the compound is an organic solvent, and wherein the second products comprise the organic solvent. 9. MethodThe method of claim 8, wherein the organic solvent is butanol or acetone. 10. MethodThe method of claim 8, wherein the second stream is separated through the second membrane by pervaporation, the second stream comprising a gaseous compound, in particular carbon dioxide. 11. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound is obtained through a fermentation process. 12. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are mounted on respective support frames (113, 123, 313, 323) arranged in the reactor, the method comprising turning the support frames relative to the reactor. 13. MethodThe method of claim 1any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are rotating or oscillating relative to the reactor during the steps of separating the first stream and separating the second stream. 14. ApparatusAn apparatus, comprising:
a reactor (13, 33), comprising a reactor vessel (131), a substrate supply (141), a first outlet (111) and a second outlet (121), a filtration unit comprising a first membrane (115) having a first surface communicating with the reactor vessel and a second surface, opposite the first surface, communicating with the first outlet, and a liquid-liquid or liquid-gas extraction unit comprising a second membrane (125) having a third surface communicating with the reactor vessel and a fourth surface, opposite the third surface, communicating with the second outlet, characterised in thatwherein the first membrane and the second membrane are arranged inside the reactor vessel, and wherein that the first the first membrane and the second membrane are arranged to move relative to the reactor vessel. 15. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 14, comprising means (112) for applying a first pressure difference between the first surface and the second surface, the first pressure difference being configured to generate a permeate flow from the first surface to the second surface. 16. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, comprising means (122) for applying a second pressure difference between the third surface and the fourth surface, the second pressure difference being configured to recover a liquid compound in the reactor vessel through a corresponding vapourvapor at the fourth surface. 17. Apparatus The apparatus of any one of the claims 14 to 16 claim 14, wherein the first membrane is a microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane, and wherein the second membrane is a membrane for pervaporation or liquid-liquid extraction. 18. Apparatus The apparatus of any one of the claims 14 to 17 claim 14, comprising a first support frame (113, 313) and a second support frame (123, 323) associated with the first membrane and the second membrane respectively, wherein the first and second support frames are pivotally arranged relative to the reactor vessel. 19. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first membrane and the second membrane are fixedly attached to the respective first and second support frame. 20. Apparatus The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, comprising one of:
a pair of pivot axes fixedly arranged to the reactor vessel, wherein the first and second support frames are configured to turn on a respective one of the pivot axes, and a common pivot axis fixedly arranged the reactor vessel, wherein the first and second support frames are configured to turn on the common pivot axis. 21-22. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,089 | 16,642,842 | 2,892 | Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. The transactions can be done in a Bitcoin blockchain ledger. A first set of constraints on a first unlock ing transaction output is determined. A second set of constraints on a second unlock ing transaction output is determined. An initial transaction is created to include at least one initial locking script that includes the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints and at least one redeemable value, with unlock ing the at least one redeemable value being contingent upon the first set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that a unlock ing transaction includes the first transaction output, and the second set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that the unlock ing transaction includes the second transaction output. The initial transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining a first set of constraints on a first transaction output; determining a second set of constraints on a second transaction output; creating an initial transaction to include:
at least one initial locking script that includes the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints; and
at least one redeemable value, wherein unlocking the at least one redeemable value is contingent upon:
the first set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that a unlocking transaction includes the first transaction output; and
the second set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that the unlocking transaction includes the second transaction output; and
causing the initial transaction to be validated at a node of a blockchain network. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein a locking script in the first transaction output is a duplicate of a locking script in the second transaction output. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein a locking script in the first transaction output is different from a locking script in the second transaction output. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2 wherein the locking script in the first transaction output includes at least a portion of the at least one initial locking script. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein execution of the at least one locking initial script selects the at least a portion from a plurality of portions of the at least one initial locking script. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein execution of an unlocking script of the unlocking transaction results in the at least one initial locking script receiving data that corresponds to one of the first transaction output or the second transaction output. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein:
the data is an index value; on a condition that the index value is a first index value, execution of the at least one initial locking script determines whether the first set of constraints is satisfied; and on a condition that the index value is a second index value, execution of the at least one initial locking script determines whether the second set of constraints is satisfied. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein:
the data includes a new locking script; and as a result of receiving the data, constrain the first transaction output to include the new locking script. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6 wherein the at least one initial locking script includes a constraint of a source of the data. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 further comprising determining a redeemable value for the first transaction output. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the initial transaction encodes a contract having a plurality of states. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11, wherein the unlocking transaction includes a plurality of input values corresponding to the plurality of states. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 12, wherein:
the first set of constraints constrains the first transaction output to have a first state; and the second set of constraints constrains the second transaction output to have a second state. 14. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. | Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. The transactions can be done in a Bitcoin blockchain ledger. A first set of constraints on a first unlock ing transaction output is determined. A second set of constraints on a second unlock ing transaction output is determined. An initial transaction is created to include at least one initial locking script that includes the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints and at least one redeemable value, with unlock ing the at least one redeemable value being contingent upon the first set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that a unlock ing transaction includes the first transaction output, and the second set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that the unlock ing transaction includes the second transaction output. The initial transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining a first set of constraints on a first transaction output; determining a second set of constraints on a second transaction output; creating an initial transaction to include:
at least one initial locking script that includes the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints; and
at least one redeemable value, wherein unlocking the at least one redeemable value is contingent upon:
the first set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that a unlocking transaction includes the first transaction output; and
the second set of constraints being satisfied, at least in part, by validating that the unlocking transaction includes the second transaction output; and
causing the initial transaction to be validated at a node of a blockchain network. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein a locking script in the first transaction output is a duplicate of a locking script in the second transaction output. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein a locking script in the first transaction output is different from a locking script in the second transaction output. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2 wherein the locking script in the first transaction output includes at least a portion of the at least one initial locking script. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein execution of the at least one locking initial script selects the at least a portion from a plurality of portions of the at least one initial locking script. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein execution of an unlocking script of the unlocking transaction results in the at least one initial locking script receiving data that corresponds to one of the first transaction output or the second transaction output. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein:
the data is an index value; on a condition that the index value is a first index value, execution of the at least one initial locking script determines whether the first set of constraints is satisfied; and on a condition that the index value is a second index value, execution of the at least one initial locking script determines whether the second set of constraints is satisfied. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein:
the data includes a new locking script; and as a result of receiving the data, constrain the first transaction output to include the new locking script. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6 wherein the at least one initial locking script includes a constraint of a source of the data. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 further comprising determining a redeemable value for the first transaction output. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the initial transaction encodes a contract having a plurality of states. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11, wherein the unlocking transaction includes a plurality of input values corresponding to the plurality of states. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 12, wherein:
the first set of constraints constrains the first transaction output to have a first state; and the second set of constraints constrains the second transaction output to have a second state. 14. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. | 2,800 |
343,090 | 16,642,852 | 2,892 | Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. The transactions can be done in a Bitcoin blockchain ledger. A unlocking transaction constraint that constrains a unlocking transaction to include a transaction input that references a previous transaction output is determined. A redeemable transaction is created to include a transaction output that includes an amount and a transaction locking script that includes the unlocking transaction constraint, with unlocking the amount being contingent upon execution of at least one unlocking script of the unlocking transaction satisfying the unlocking transaction constraint. The redeemable transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining an unlocking transaction constraint that constrains a unlocking transaction to include a unlocking transaction input that references a previous transaction output; creating a redeemable transaction that includes:
a transaction output that includes a redeemable amount; and
a transaction locking script that includes the unlocking transaction constraint, wherein unlocking the redeemable amount is contingent upon execution of at least one unlocking script of the unlocking transaction satisfying the unlocking transaction constraint; and
causing the redeemable transaction to be validated at a node of a blockchain network. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the unlocking transaction constraint further constrains the unlocking transaction input to include a particular hash value. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein the particular hash value encodes an identifier that references the previous transaction output. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the unlocking transaction constraint further constrains a locking script of the unlocking transaction to include a set of script elements duplicated from the transaction locking script. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the redeemable transaction encodes a contract having a plurality of states. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 further comprising determining a redeemable value for an output of the unlocking transaction. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein:
the unlocking transaction constraint includes a particular locking script element from the previous transaction output; and
as a result of the unlocking transaction input including the particular locking script element, the execution of the at least one unlocking script satisfies the unlocking transaction constraint. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 7, wherein the particular locking script element encodes a cryptographic key of a particular entity. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein:
the unlocking transaction constraint is a first unlocking transaction constraint; and
the method further comprises:
determining a second unlocking transaction constraint to further constrain the unlocking transaction; and
creating a second redeemable transaction that includes:
a second amount; and
a second locking script that includes the second unlocking transaction constraint, wherein unlocking a second amount is further contingent upon execution of the at least one unlocking script satisfying the second unlocking transaction constraint. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 9, wherein:
the locking script is a first locking script; the at least one unlocking script includes a first unlocking script and a second unlocking script; the first unlocking transaction constraint constrains the first unlocking script to include at least a portion of the first locking script; and the second unlocking transaction constraint constrains the second unlocking script to include at least a portion of the second locking script. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 10, wherein:
the at least a portion of the first locking script includes a cryptographic key associated with a first entity; and and the at least a portion of the second locking script includes a cryptographic key associated with a second entity different from the first entity. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the unlocking transaction constraint further constrains the unlocking transaction to constrain an output of unlocking transaction. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 12, wherein:
the unlocking transaction constraints encodes another contract distinct from the contract; and unlocking the redeemable amount is contingent upon the other contract being implemented in the output of the unlocking transaction. 14. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method of claim 1. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. | Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. The transactions can be done in a Bitcoin blockchain ledger. A unlocking transaction constraint that constrains a unlocking transaction to include a transaction input that references a previous transaction output is determined. A redeemable transaction is created to include a transaction output that includes an amount and a transaction locking script that includes the unlocking transaction constraint, with unlocking the amount being contingent upon execution of at least one unlocking script of the unlocking transaction satisfying the unlocking transaction constraint. The redeemable transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining an unlocking transaction constraint that constrains a unlocking transaction to include a unlocking transaction input that references a previous transaction output; creating a redeemable transaction that includes:
a transaction output that includes a redeemable amount; and
a transaction locking script that includes the unlocking transaction constraint, wherein unlocking the redeemable amount is contingent upon execution of at least one unlocking script of the unlocking transaction satisfying the unlocking transaction constraint; and
causing the redeemable transaction to be validated at a node of a blockchain network. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the unlocking transaction constraint further constrains the unlocking transaction input to include a particular hash value. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein the particular hash value encodes an identifier that references the previous transaction output. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the unlocking transaction constraint further constrains a locking script of the unlocking transaction to include a set of script elements duplicated from the transaction locking script. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the redeemable transaction encodes a contract having a plurality of states. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 further comprising determining a redeemable value for an output of the unlocking transaction. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein:
the unlocking transaction constraint includes a particular locking script element from the previous transaction output; and
as a result of the unlocking transaction input including the particular locking script element, the execution of the at least one unlocking script satisfies the unlocking transaction constraint. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 7, wherein the particular locking script element encodes a cryptographic key of a particular entity. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein:
the unlocking transaction constraint is a first unlocking transaction constraint; and
the method further comprises:
determining a second unlocking transaction constraint to further constrain the unlocking transaction; and
creating a second redeemable transaction that includes:
a second amount; and
a second locking script that includes the second unlocking transaction constraint, wherein unlocking a second amount is further contingent upon execution of the at least one unlocking script satisfying the second unlocking transaction constraint. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 9, wherein:
the locking script is a first locking script; the at least one unlocking script includes a first unlocking script and a second unlocking script; the first unlocking transaction constraint constrains the first unlocking script to include at least a portion of the first locking script; and the second unlocking transaction constraint constrains the second unlocking script to include at least a portion of the second locking script. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 10, wherein:
the at least a portion of the first locking script includes a cryptographic key associated with a first entity; and and the at least a portion of the second locking script includes a cryptographic key associated with a second entity different from the first entity. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 wherein the unlocking transaction constraint further constrains the unlocking transaction to constrain an output of unlocking transaction. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 12, wherein:
the unlocking transaction constraints encodes another contract distinct from the contract; and unlocking the redeemable amount is contingent upon the other contract being implemented in the output of the unlocking transaction. 14. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method of claim 1. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. | 2,800 |
343,091 | 16,642,843 | 2,892 | Small wave communications between a base station and user equipment are facilitated by transmitting a movement request to a movable element to change a position when the movable element is in a beam path for an RF communications beam of more than 6 GHz between a first user equipment and a base station. The movable element may be a reflector that reflects the small wave to the user equipment, or an object whose movement improves a communication path. | 1. A method for providing broadband communications in a wireless communications network, the method comprising:
transmitting a movement request to a movable element to change a position, wherein the movable element is in a beam path for an RF communications beam of more than 6 GHz between a first user equipment (UE) and a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the RF communications beam is transmitted from the base station to the first UE, and
wherein the movable element is a reflector that reflects the RF communications beam from the base station to the first UE. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, before transmitting the request, the base station transmits RF beams in a plurality of directions to identify a beam direction that is successfully received by the reflector. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of directions is a set of directions that are determined using a location of the base station and a location of the reflector. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the reflector has a convex outer surface comprising a plurality of flat elements arranged in a convex shape. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein, in response to the request, the reflector moves from a first position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to the first UE to a second position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to a second UE. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE is customer premises equipment (CPE) that is installed at a static location of a building structure. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the movement request is triggered by an installation routine that is performed when the first UE is installed at the static location. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable element is an Internet-of-Things (IOT) enabled device that blocks the beam path for the RF communications beam, and the movable element moves to unblock the beam path in response to the movement request. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable element is a reflector with a convex outer surface that has established a connection to receive the RF communications beam from the base station,
wherein the base station is a small cell base station that provides broadband communications over at least one RF communication channel of 25 GHz to 100 GHz, and wherein, in response to the movement request, the reflector moves from a first position to a second position in order to reflect the RF communications beam to the first UE. 11. A wireless communication system comprising:
a base station; at least one movable device; one or more processor; and one or more non-transitory computer readable medium which, when executed by the one or more processor, perform the following operations: transmitting a movement request to a movable element to change a position, wherein the movable element is in a beam path for an RF communications beam of more than 6 GHz between a first user equipment (UE) and a base station. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the RF communications beam is transmitted from the base station to the first UE, and
wherein the movable element is a reflector that reflects the RF communications beam from the base station to the first UE. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein, before transmitting the request, the base station transmits RF beams in a plurality of directions to identify a beam direction that is successfully received by the reflector. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of directions is a set of directions that are determined using a location of the base station and a location of the reflector. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the reflector has a convex outer surface with at least one RF-transparent portion by which the reflector detects the presence of the RF communications beam. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein in response to the request, the reflector moves from a first position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to the first UE to a second position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to a second UE. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first UE is customer premises equipment (CPE) that is installed at a static location of a building structure. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the movement request is triggered by an installation routine that is performed when the first UE is installed at the static location. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the movable element is an Internet-of-Things (IOT) enabled device that blocks the beam path for the RF communications beam, and the movable element moves to unblock the beam path in response to the movement request. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the movable element is a reflector with a convex outer surface that has established a connection to receive the RF communications beam from the base station,
wherein the base station is a small cell base station that provides broadband communications over at least one RF communication channel of 25 GHz to 100 GHz, and wherein, in response to the movement request, the reflector moves from a first position to a second position in order to reflect the RF communications beam to the first UE. | Small wave communications between a base station and user equipment are facilitated by transmitting a movement request to a movable element to change a position when the movable element is in a beam path for an RF communications beam of more than 6 GHz between a first user equipment and a base station. The movable element may be a reflector that reflects the small wave to the user equipment, or an object whose movement improves a communication path.1. A method for providing broadband communications in a wireless communications network, the method comprising:
transmitting a movement request to a movable element to change a position, wherein the movable element is in a beam path for an RF communications beam of more than 6 GHz between a first user equipment (UE) and a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the RF communications beam is transmitted from the base station to the first UE, and
wherein the movable element is a reflector that reflects the RF communications beam from the base station to the first UE. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, before transmitting the request, the base station transmits RF beams in a plurality of directions to identify a beam direction that is successfully received by the reflector. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of directions is a set of directions that are determined using a location of the base station and a location of the reflector. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the reflector has a convex outer surface comprising a plurality of flat elements arranged in a convex shape. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein, in response to the request, the reflector moves from a first position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to the first UE to a second position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to a second UE. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE is customer premises equipment (CPE) that is installed at a static location of a building structure. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the movement request is triggered by an installation routine that is performed when the first UE is installed at the static location. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable element is an Internet-of-Things (IOT) enabled device that blocks the beam path for the RF communications beam, and the movable element moves to unblock the beam path in response to the movement request. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable element is a reflector with a convex outer surface that has established a connection to receive the RF communications beam from the base station,
wherein the base station is a small cell base station that provides broadband communications over at least one RF communication channel of 25 GHz to 100 GHz, and wherein, in response to the movement request, the reflector moves from a first position to a second position in order to reflect the RF communications beam to the first UE. 11. A wireless communication system comprising:
a base station; at least one movable device; one or more processor; and one or more non-transitory computer readable medium which, when executed by the one or more processor, perform the following operations: transmitting a movement request to a movable element to change a position, wherein the movable element is in a beam path for an RF communications beam of more than 6 GHz between a first user equipment (UE) and a base station. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the RF communications beam is transmitted from the base station to the first UE, and
wherein the movable element is a reflector that reflects the RF communications beam from the base station to the first UE. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein, before transmitting the request, the base station transmits RF beams in a plurality of directions to identify a beam direction that is successfully received by the reflector. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of directions is a set of directions that are determined using a location of the base station and a location of the reflector. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the reflector has a convex outer surface with at least one RF-transparent portion by which the reflector detects the presence of the RF communications beam. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein in response to the request, the reflector moves from a first position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to the first UE to a second position from which it reflects the RF communications beam to a second UE. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first UE is customer premises equipment (CPE) that is installed at a static location of a building structure. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the movement request is triggered by an installation routine that is performed when the first UE is installed at the static location. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the movable element is an Internet-of-Things (IOT) enabled device that blocks the beam path for the RF communications beam, and the movable element moves to unblock the beam path in response to the movement request. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the movable element is a reflector with a convex outer surface that has established a connection to receive the RF communications beam from the base station,
wherein the base station is a small cell base station that provides broadband communications over at least one RF communication channel of 25 GHz to 100 GHz, and wherein, in response to the movement request, the reflector moves from a first position to a second position in order to reflect the RF communications beam to the first UE. | 2,800 |
343,092 | 16,642,832 | 2,892 | This invention relates to a combination of 2′-Deoxy-2′,2′-difluoro-D-cytidine-5′-O-[phenyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate) (NUC-1031) and carboplatin, or other forms of platinum, and the use of the combination in treating cancer patients selected based on the patient's cancer's response to platinum. In particular the invention concerns the treatment of patients that have platinum sensitive cancers or platinum partially sensitive cancers. | 1. 2′-Deoxy-2′,2′-difluoro-D-cytidine-5′-O-[phenyl (benzoxy- L-alaninyl)] phosphate) (NUC-1031), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in a method of treating cancer in combination with a platinum agent, wherein the method comprises determining the platinum status of the patient's cancer and administering the NUC-1031 and platinum agent to a patient identified as likely to respond to treatment based on their platinum status. 2. NUC-1031 for use as claimed in claim 1, wherein number of previous treatment regimens the patient has received is also taken into consideration when identifying whether the patient is likely to respond to the treatment. 3. NUC-1031 for use as claimed in claim 2, wherein the patient is treated with the NUC-1031 and platinum agent if: (i) the patient's cancer is platinum sensitive or partially sensitive and the patient has received at least one prior treatment regime; (ii) the patient's cancer is platinum resistant and the patient has received at least two prior treatment regimes; or (iii) the patient's cancer is platinum refractory and the patient has received at least three prior treatment regimes. 4. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the platinum agent is carboplatin. 5. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a dose in the range from 350 to 750 mg/m2 and the carboplatin is administered at a dose in the range from AUC 4 to AUC 6. 6. NUC-1031 for the use a claimed in claim 4, wherein the platinum agent is cisplatin. 7. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the cancer is selected from pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, biliary cancer, colorectal cancer and a gynaecological cancer (e.g. a cancer selected from cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer and cervical cancer). 8. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cancer is selected from ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer and peritoneal cancer. 9. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a starting dose of approximately 500 mg/m2. 10. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, wherein the carboplatin is administered at a starting dose of approximately AUC5. 11. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 wherein NUC-1031 is administered on day 1 and day 8 of a 21 day cycle and carboplatin is administered on day 1 of the 21 day cycle. 12. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein treatment is provided to a subject in need thereof for at least 5 cycles of treatment. 13. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyI)]-(S)-phosphate in substantially diastereomerically pure form. 14. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is a mixture of phosphate diastereoisomers. 15. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is in the form of the free base. 16. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the cancer is platinum sensitive. 17. A method of treating cancer, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyl)]-phosphate (NUC-1031), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with carboplatin, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a dose in the range from 350 to 750 mg/m2 and the carboplatin is administered at a dose in the range from AUC 4 to AUC 6, and the cancer is a platinum sensitive cancer or a platinum partially sensitive cancer. 18. A method of claim 17, wherein the cancer is selected from lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer and a gynaecological cancer (e.g. a cancer selected from cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer and cervical cancer). 19. A method of claim 18, wherein the cancer is selected from ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer; and peritoneal cancer. 20. A method of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a dose of approximately 500 mg/m2. 21. A method of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the carboplatin is administered at a dose of approximately AUC5. 22. A method of any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein NUC-1031 is administered on day 1 and day 8 of a 21 day cycle and carboplatin is administered on day 1 of the 21 day cycle. 23. A method of any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein treatment is provided to a subject in need thereof for at least 5 cycles of treatment. 24. A method of any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the NUC-1031 is gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyl)]-(S)-phosphate in substantially diastereomerically pure form. 25. A method of any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the NUC-1031 is a mixture of phosphate diastereoisomers. 26. A method of any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the NUC-1031 is in the form of the free base. 27. A method of any one of claims 17 to 26, wherein the cancer is platinum sensitive. | This invention relates to a combination of 2′-Deoxy-2′,2′-difluoro-D-cytidine-5′-O-[phenyl (benzoxy-L-alaninyl)] phosphate) (NUC-1031) and carboplatin, or other forms of platinum, and the use of the combination in treating cancer patients selected based on the patient's cancer's response to platinum. In particular the invention concerns the treatment of patients that have platinum sensitive cancers or platinum partially sensitive cancers.1. 2′-Deoxy-2′,2′-difluoro-D-cytidine-5′-O-[phenyl (benzoxy- L-alaninyl)] phosphate) (NUC-1031), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in a method of treating cancer in combination with a platinum agent, wherein the method comprises determining the platinum status of the patient's cancer and administering the NUC-1031 and platinum agent to a patient identified as likely to respond to treatment based on their platinum status. 2. NUC-1031 for use as claimed in claim 1, wherein number of previous treatment regimens the patient has received is also taken into consideration when identifying whether the patient is likely to respond to the treatment. 3. NUC-1031 for use as claimed in claim 2, wherein the patient is treated with the NUC-1031 and platinum agent if: (i) the patient's cancer is platinum sensitive or partially sensitive and the patient has received at least one prior treatment regime; (ii) the patient's cancer is platinum resistant and the patient has received at least two prior treatment regimes; or (iii) the patient's cancer is platinum refractory and the patient has received at least three prior treatment regimes. 4. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the platinum agent is carboplatin. 5. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a dose in the range from 350 to 750 mg/m2 and the carboplatin is administered at a dose in the range from AUC 4 to AUC 6. 6. NUC-1031 for the use a claimed in claim 4, wherein the platinum agent is cisplatin. 7. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the cancer is selected from pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, biliary cancer, colorectal cancer and a gynaecological cancer (e.g. a cancer selected from cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer and cervical cancer). 8. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cancer is selected from ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer and peritoneal cancer. 9. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a starting dose of approximately 500 mg/m2. 10. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, wherein the carboplatin is administered at a starting dose of approximately AUC5. 11. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 wherein NUC-1031 is administered on day 1 and day 8 of a 21 day cycle and carboplatin is administered on day 1 of the 21 day cycle. 12. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein treatment is provided to a subject in need thereof for at least 5 cycles of treatment. 13. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyI)]-(S)-phosphate in substantially diastereomerically pure form. 14. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is a mixture of phosphate diastereoisomers. 15. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the NUC-1031 is in the form of the free base. 16. NUC-1031 for the use as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the cancer is platinum sensitive. 17. A method of treating cancer, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyl)]-phosphate (NUC-1031), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with carboplatin, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a dose in the range from 350 to 750 mg/m2 and the carboplatin is administered at a dose in the range from AUC 4 to AUC 6, and the cancer is a platinum sensitive cancer or a platinum partially sensitive cancer. 18. A method of claim 17, wherein the cancer is selected from lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer and a gynaecological cancer (e.g. a cancer selected from cancer of the uterus, cancer of the fallopian tube, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer and cervical cancer). 19. A method of claim 18, wherein the cancer is selected from ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer; and peritoneal cancer. 20. A method of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the NUC-1031 is administered at a dose of approximately 500 mg/m2. 21. A method of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the carboplatin is administered at a dose of approximately AUC5. 22. A method of any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein NUC-1031 is administered on day 1 and day 8 of a 21 day cycle and carboplatin is administered on day 1 of the 21 day cycle. 23. A method of any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein treatment is provided to a subject in need thereof for at least 5 cycles of treatment. 24. A method of any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the NUC-1031 is gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyl)]-(S)-phosphate in substantially diastereomerically pure form. 25. A method of any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the NUC-1031 is a mixture of phosphate diastereoisomers. 26. A method of any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the NUC-1031 is in the form of the free base. 27. A method of any one of claims 17 to 26, wherein the cancer is platinum sensitive. | 2,800 |
343,093 | 16,642,822 | 2,892 | The present invention relates to a bio-electrode having improved conductivity, flexibility and bio-compatibility, and a method of manufacturing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a conductive polymer bio-electrode including nano-porous permeable membrane, based on a bio-compatible polymer material having a plurality of pores and an improved surface area based on a PDMS device having a low mechanical strength and an excellent bio-compatibility, bio-signal transmission patterning, and a gold coating layer and has an excellent bio-compatibility and low rejection response while having a conductivity similar to that of a bio-electrode configured with a metal material of the related art. Therefore, the conductive polymer bio-electrode of the present invention is expected to be able to replace a bio-electrode configured with a metal material by which the bio-signal transmission efficiency is degraded due to a high bio-incompatibility. | 1. A conductive polymer bio-electrode comprising;
a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device having an intaglio groove to which a nano-porous permeable membrane is to be attached and having a thickness of 250 to 350 μm; the nano-porous permeable membrane having a thickness of 50 to 200 μm which is to be attached to the intaglio groove of the PDMS device; a bio-signal transmission patterning formed on the PDMS device and the nano-porous permeable membrane; and a gold (Au) coating layer which is uniformly formed with a thickness of 0.1 to 10 μm on the PDMS device, the nano-porous permeable membrane, and the bio-signal transmission patterning. 2. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 1, wherein 25 to 50% of a total area of the PDMS device is an intaglio groove having a depth of 100 to 200 μm for attaching the nano-porous permeable membrane. 3. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 1, wherein the nano-porous permeable membrane is a permeable membrane having a thickness of 50 to 200 μm manufactured by electrospinning a bio-compatible polymer material and includes a plurality of pores having a diameter of 0.1 to 10 μm. 4. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 3, wherein the bio-compatible polymer material is any one or a mixture of two or more selected from a group consisting of polyurethane, polyacetal, polyamide, polyamide elastomer, polyester, polyester elastomer, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyolefin, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, silicon, and polyethylene. 5. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 3, wherein the electrospinning is performed by spinning 4 to 6 ml of the electrospinning solution containing the bio-compatible polymer material under conditions of a voltage of 10 to 20 kV, a spinning rate of 0.05 to 0.3 ml/h, a needle diameter of 20 to 30 G, and a spinning distance of 20 to 40 cm in an atmosphere of a humidity of 20 to 40% and a temperature of 25 to 35° C. 6. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 1, wherein the nano-porous permeable membrane is capable of cell culture. 7. A method of manufacturing a conductive polymer bio-electrode, comprising:
(a) a first step of manufacturing a 3D substrate for a PDMS device including an intaglio groove for attaching a nano-porous permeable membrane; (b) a second step of manufacturing a PDMS device including the intaglio groove for attaching the nano-porous permeable membrane by using the 3D substrate; (c) a third step of manufacturing the nano-porous permeable membrane by using electrospinning; (d) attaching the nano-porous permeable membrane to the intaglio groove formed in the PDMS device by using a PDMS solution; (e) a fifth step of performing bio-signal transmission patterning on the PDMS device to which the nano-porous permeable membrane is attached; and (f) a sixth step of performing gold coating on the PDMS device on which the bio-signal transmission patterning is performed. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first step includes:
(a) designing a 3D substrate for manufacturing the PDMS device having a thickness of 250 to 350 μm and having an intaglio groove having a depth of 100 to 200 μm to which the nano-porous permeable membrane for cell culture can be attached; (b) manufacturing the 3D substrate for the PDMS device by manufacturing a 3D printing ink by mixing a UV curable plastic and a dissoluble support wax, and after that, stacking the 3D printing ink by using a 3D printer; (c) loading the 3D substrate for the PDMS device in an oven of 60 to 80° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours to dissolve the support wax; (d) immersing the 3D substrate for the PDMS device in which the support wax is dissolved in cooking oil of 50 to 70° C. and, after that, performing ultrasonic cleaning; (e) cleaning the 3D substrate for the PDMS device subjected to the ultrasonic cleaning by immersion in an EZ rinse solution for 5 to 20 minutes; and (f) cleaning the 3D substrate for the PDMS device cleaned with the EZ rinse solution with distilled water and, after that, performing drying. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second step includes:
(a) manufacturing a PDMS reaction solution by mixing the PDMS solution and a curing agent in a weight ratio of 10:0.5 to 10:2 (PDMS solution:curing agent) and removing bubbles by using a desiccator; (b) manufacturing the PDMS device by applying the PDMS reaction solution to the dried 3D substrate for the PDMS device and performing heat treatment in an oven of 40 to 50° C. for 22 to 26 hours; and (c) removing the PDMS device from the 3D substrate. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the third step includes:
(a) manufacturing a polyurethane electrospinning solution by adding 10 to 20 parts by weight of polyurethane to 100 parts by weight of a dimethylformamide solution and performing mixing for 22 to 26 hours; and (b) manufacturing the nano-porous permeable membrane having a thickness of 150 to 250 μm by spinning a total of 4 to 6 ml of the polyurethane electrospinning solution under conditions of a voltage of 10 to 20 kV, a spinning rate of 0.05 to 0.3 ml/h, a needle diameter of 20 to 30 G, and a spinning distance of 20 to 40 cm and in an atmosphere of a humidity of 20 to 40% and a temperature of 25 to 35° C. | The present invention relates to a bio-electrode having improved conductivity, flexibility and bio-compatibility, and a method of manufacturing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a conductive polymer bio-electrode including nano-porous permeable membrane, based on a bio-compatible polymer material having a plurality of pores and an improved surface area based on a PDMS device having a low mechanical strength and an excellent bio-compatibility, bio-signal transmission patterning, and a gold coating layer and has an excellent bio-compatibility and low rejection response while having a conductivity similar to that of a bio-electrode configured with a metal material of the related art. Therefore, the conductive polymer bio-electrode of the present invention is expected to be able to replace a bio-electrode configured with a metal material by which the bio-signal transmission efficiency is degraded due to a high bio-incompatibility.1. A conductive polymer bio-electrode comprising;
a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device having an intaglio groove to which a nano-porous permeable membrane is to be attached and having a thickness of 250 to 350 μm; the nano-porous permeable membrane having a thickness of 50 to 200 μm which is to be attached to the intaglio groove of the PDMS device; a bio-signal transmission patterning formed on the PDMS device and the nano-porous permeable membrane; and a gold (Au) coating layer which is uniformly formed with a thickness of 0.1 to 10 μm on the PDMS device, the nano-porous permeable membrane, and the bio-signal transmission patterning. 2. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 1, wherein 25 to 50% of a total area of the PDMS device is an intaglio groove having a depth of 100 to 200 μm for attaching the nano-porous permeable membrane. 3. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 1, wherein the nano-porous permeable membrane is a permeable membrane having a thickness of 50 to 200 μm manufactured by electrospinning a bio-compatible polymer material and includes a plurality of pores having a diameter of 0.1 to 10 μm. 4. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 3, wherein the bio-compatible polymer material is any one or a mixture of two or more selected from a group consisting of polyurethane, polyacetal, polyamide, polyamide elastomer, polyester, polyester elastomer, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyolefin, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, silicon, and polyethylene. 5. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 3, wherein the electrospinning is performed by spinning 4 to 6 ml of the electrospinning solution containing the bio-compatible polymer material under conditions of a voltage of 10 to 20 kV, a spinning rate of 0.05 to 0.3 ml/h, a needle diameter of 20 to 30 G, and a spinning distance of 20 to 40 cm in an atmosphere of a humidity of 20 to 40% and a temperature of 25 to 35° C. 6. The conductive polymer bio-electrode according to claim 1, wherein the nano-porous permeable membrane is capable of cell culture. 7. A method of manufacturing a conductive polymer bio-electrode, comprising:
(a) a first step of manufacturing a 3D substrate for a PDMS device including an intaglio groove for attaching a nano-porous permeable membrane; (b) a second step of manufacturing a PDMS device including the intaglio groove for attaching the nano-porous permeable membrane by using the 3D substrate; (c) a third step of manufacturing the nano-porous permeable membrane by using electrospinning; (d) attaching the nano-porous permeable membrane to the intaglio groove formed in the PDMS device by using a PDMS solution; (e) a fifth step of performing bio-signal transmission patterning on the PDMS device to which the nano-porous permeable membrane is attached; and (f) a sixth step of performing gold coating on the PDMS device on which the bio-signal transmission patterning is performed. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first step includes:
(a) designing a 3D substrate for manufacturing the PDMS device having a thickness of 250 to 350 μm and having an intaglio groove having a depth of 100 to 200 μm to which the nano-porous permeable membrane for cell culture can be attached; (b) manufacturing the 3D substrate for the PDMS device by manufacturing a 3D printing ink by mixing a UV curable plastic and a dissoluble support wax, and after that, stacking the 3D printing ink by using a 3D printer; (c) loading the 3D substrate for the PDMS device in an oven of 60 to 80° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours to dissolve the support wax; (d) immersing the 3D substrate for the PDMS device in which the support wax is dissolved in cooking oil of 50 to 70° C. and, after that, performing ultrasonic cleaning; (e) cleaning the 3D substrate for the PDMS device subjected to the ultrasonic cleaning by immersion in an EZ rinse solution for 5 to 20 minutes; and (f) cleaning the 3D substrate for the PDMS device cleaned with the EZ rinse solution with distilled water and, after that, performing drying. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second step includes:
(a) manufacturing a PDMS reaction solution by mixing the PDMS solution and a curing agent in a weight ratio of 10:0.5 to 10:2 (PDMS solution:curing agent) and removing bubbles by using a desiccator; (b) manufacturing the PDMS device by applying the PDMS reaction solution to the dried 3D substrate for the PDMS device and performing heat treatment in an oven of 40 to 50° C. for 22 to 26 hours; and (c) removing the PDMS device from the 3D substrate. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the third step includes:
(a) manufacturing a polyurethane electrospinning solution by adding 10 to 20 parts by weight of polyurethane to 100 parts by weight of a dimethylformamide solution and performing mixing for 22 to 26 hours; and (b) manufacturing the nano-porous permeable membrane having a thickness of 150 to 250 μm by spinning a total of 4 to 6 ml of the polyurethane electrospinning solution under conditions of a voltage of 10 to 20 kV, a spinning rate of 0.05 to 0.3 ml/h, a needle diameter of 20 to 30 G, and a spinning distance of 20 to 40 cm and in an atmosphere of a humidity of 20 to 40% and a temperature of 25 to 35° C. | 2,800 |
343,094 | 16,642,789 | 2,892 | A busbar assembly according to the present invention includes a first busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate; a second busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate, the second busbar disposed in the same plane as the first busbar with a gap being provided between opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars; and an insulating resin layer filled in the gap so as to mechanically connect the opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars. Preferably, the opposing side surface of at least one of the first and second busbars is an inclined surface that is closer to the opposing side surface of the other of the first and second busbars from one side toward the other side in the thickness direction. | 1. A busbar assembly comprising:
a first busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate; a second busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate, wherein the second busbar is disposed in the same plane as the first busbar with a gap being provided between opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars; and an insulating resin layer filled in the gap so as to mechanically connect the opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars. 2. The busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the opposing side surface of at least one of the first and second busbars is an inclined surface that is closer to the opposing side surface of the other of the first and second busbars from one side toward the other side in the thickness direction. 3. The busbar assembly according to claim 2, wherein the opposing side surfaces of both of the first and second busbars are inclined surfaces that are closer to each other from one side toward the other side in the thickness direction. 4. The busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the insulating resin layer is provided on at least one of surfaces on one side and the other side in the thickness direction of the first and second busbars in addition to within the gap. 5. A busbar assembly comprising:
a plurality of busbars formed by conductive metal flat plates, wherein the plurality of busbars are disposed in the same plane with gaps being provided between adjacent busbars; and an insulating resin layer filled in the gap so as to mechanically connect adjacent busbars while electrically insulating them. | A busbar assembly according to the present invention includes a first busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate; a second busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate, the second busbar disposed in the same plane as the first busbar with a gap being provided between opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars; and an insulating resin layer filled in the gap so as to mechanically connect the opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars. Preferably, the opposing side surface of at least one of the first and second busbars is an inclined surface that is closer to the opposing side surface of the other of the first and second busbars from one side toward the other side in the thickness direction.1. A busbar assembly comprising:
a first busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate; a second busbar formed by a conductive metal flat plate, wherein the second busbar is disposed in the same plane as the first busbar with a gap being provided between opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars; and an insulating resin layer filled in the gap so as to mechanically connect the opposing side surfaces of the first and second busbars. 2. The busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the opposing side surface of at least one of the first and second busbars is an inclined surface that is closer to the opposing side surface of the other of the first and second busbars from one side toward the other side in the thickness direction. 3. The busbar assembly according to claim 2, wherein the opposing side surfaces of both of the first and second busbars are inclined surfaces that are closer to each other from one side toward the other side in the thickness direction. 4. The busbar assembly according to claim 1, wherein the insulating resin layer is provided on at least one of surfaces on one side and the other side in the thickness direction of the first and second busbars in addition to within the gap. 5. A busbar assembly comprising:
a plurality of busbars formed by conductive metal flat plates, wherein the plurality of busbars are disposed in the same plane with gaps being provided between adjacent busbars; and an insulating resin layer filled in the gap so as to mechanically connect adjacent busbars while electrically insulating them. | 2,800 |
343,095 | 16,642,800 | 2,892 | A method and an apparatus for recognizing different users in a household without having the users to register or enroll their biometric features are provided. The apparatus may leverage sensors integrated with a remote control device or connected to a media device and create pseudo-identity of a user when the user is consuming the content services from media device. When pseudo-identity is created, user's content preference, user's viewing habit, and user's viewing behavior with respect to the content, may be associated with more than one pseudo-identity to better identify the same user. In subsequent usage, personalized services, such as personalized guide & programs, user-selected preferences, targeted advertisement, or content recommendation, may be provided by service provider to user in a subtle and natural manner. | 1. A method of user recognition, comprising:
capturing biometric information of a user using a set of biometric sensors; converting the biometric information of the user into a biometric dataset of the user; determining whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity; creating a temporary pseudo-identity of the user to be associated with the biometric dataset when the biometric dataset does not match any existing temporary pseudo-identity; determining whether the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies a set of pseudo-identity criteria; and converting the temporary pseudo-identity of the user into a pseudo-identity of the user when the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies the set of pseudo-identity criteria. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity comprises:
determining whether the biometric dataset matches a biometric dataset associated with any existing temporary pseudo-identity. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity or a plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities when the biometric dataset matches at least one existing temporary pseudo-identity. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
calculating an overlapping rate between the biometric dataset and the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity; determining whether the overlapping rate satisfies an overlapping criteria; and associating the biometric dataset with the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the overlapping rate satisfies the overlapping criteria. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the overlapping criteria is satisfied when the overlapping rate is within a numerical range. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
combining the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities to form a combined temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities; and associating the biometric dataset with the combined temporary pseudo-identity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of pseudo-identity criteria is satisfied when a number of biometric datasets associated with the temporary pseudo-identity exceeds a predetermined value. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
merging biometric datasets associated with the temporary pseudo-identity before the temporary pseudo-identity is converted into the pseudo-identity. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
associating a user profile with the pseudo-identity of the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the user profile is generated based on at least one of content preference of the user, viewing habit of the user, or viewing behavior of the user with respect to content, wherein the content preference of the user, the viewing habit of the user, or the viewing behavior of the user with respect to content is obtained within a threshold time period before or after the biometric information of the user is captured. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
capturing a second biometric information of a second user using the set of biometric sensors; converting the second biometric information of the second user into a second biometric dataset; determining that the second biometric dataset matches a particular pseudo-identity; and providing personalized services to the second user based on a user profile associated with the particular pseudo-identity. 12. An apparatus for user recognition, the apparatus comprising:
a set of biometric sensors configured to capture biometric information of a user; and at least one processor configured to:
convert the biometric information of the user into a biometric dataset of the user;
determine whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity;
create a temporary pseudo-identity of the user to be associated with the biometric dataset when the biometric dataset does not match any existing temporary pseudo-identity;
determine whether the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies a set of pseudo-identity criteria; and
convert the temporary pseudo-identity of the user into a pseudo-identity of the user when the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies the set of pseudo-identity criteria. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, to determine whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity, the at least one processor is configured to:
determine whether the biometric dataset matches a biometric dataset associated with any existing temporary pseudo-identity. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity or a plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities when the biometric dataset matches at least one existing temporary pseudo-identity. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
calculate an overlapping rate between the biometric dataset and the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity; determine whether the overlapping rate satisfies an overlapping criteria; and associate the biometric dataset with the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the overlapping rate satisfies the overlapping criteria. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
combine the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities to form a combined temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities; and associate the biometric dataset with the combined temporary pseudo-identity. 17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the set of pseudo-identity criteria is satisfied when a number of biometric datasets associated with the temporary pseudo-identity exceeds a predetermined value. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
associate a user profile with the pseudo-identity of the user. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the user profile is generated based on at least one of content preference of the user, viewing habit of the user, or viewing behavior of the user with respect to content, wherein the content preference of the user, the viewing habit of the user, or the viewing behavior of the user with respect to content is obtained within a threshold time period before or after the biometric information of the user is captured. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the set of biometric sensors is further configured to capture a second biometric information of a second user using the set of biometric sensors, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
convert the second biometric information of the second user into a second biometric dataset; determine that the second biometric dataset matches a particular pseudo-identity; and provide personalized services to the second user based on a user profile associated with the particular pseudo-identity. | A method and an apparatus for recognizing different users in a household without having the users to register or enroll their biometric features are provided. The apparatus may leverage sensors integrated with a remote control device or connected to a media device and create pseudo-identity of a user when the user is consuming the content services from media device. When pseudo-identity is created, user's content preference, user's viewing habit, and user's viewing behavior with respect to the content, may be associated with more than one pseudo-identity to better identify the same user. In subsequent usage, personalized services, such as personalized guide & programs, user-selected preferences, targeted advertisement, or content recommendation, may be provided by service provider to user in a subtle and natural manner.1. A method of user recognition, comprising:
capturing biometric information of a user using a set of biometric sensors; converting the biometric information of the user into a biometric dataset of the user; determining whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity; creating a temporary pseudo-identity of the user to be associated with the biometric dataset when the biometric dataset does not match any existing temporary pseudo-identity; determining whether the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies a set of pseudo-identity criteria; and converting the temporary pseudo-identity of the user into a pseudo-identity of the user when the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies the set of pseudo-identity criteria. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity comprises:
determining whether the biometric dataset matches a biometric dataset associated with any existing temporary pseudo-identity. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity or a plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities when the biometric dataset matches at least one existing temporary pseudo-identity. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
calculating an overlapping rate between the biometric dataset and the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity; determining whether the overlapping rate satisfies an overlapping criteria; and associating the biometric dataset with the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the overlapping rate satisfies the overlapping criteria. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the overlapping criteria is satisfied when the overlapping rate is within a numerical range. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
combining the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities to form a combined temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities; and associating the biometric dataset with the combined temporary pseudo-identity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of pseudo-identity criteria is satisfied when a number of biometric datasets associated with the temporary pseudo-identity exceeds a predetermined value. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
merging biometric datasets associated with the temporary pseudo-identity before the temporary pseudo-identity is converted into the pseudo-identity. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
associating a user profile with the pseudo-identity of the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the user profile is generated based on at least one of content preference of the user, viewing habit of the user, or viewing behavior of the user with respect to content, wherein the content preference of the user, the viewing habit of the user, or the viewing behavior of the user with respect to content is obtained within a threshold time period before or after the biometric information of the user is captured. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
capturing a second biometric information of a second user using the set of biometric sensors; converting the second biometric information of the second user into a second biometric dataset; determining that the second biometric dataset matches a particular pseudo-identity; and providing personalized services to the second user based on a user profile associated with the particular pseudo-identity. 12. An apparatus for user recognition, the apparatus comprising:
a set of biometric sensors configured to capture biometric information of a user; and at least one processor configured to:
convert the biometric information of the user into a biometric dataset of the user;
determine whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity;
create a temporary pseudo-identity of the user to be associated with the biometric dataset when the biometric dataset does not match any existing temporary pseudo-identity;
determine whether the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies a set of pseudo-identity criteria; and
convert the temporary pseudo-identity of the user into a pseudo-identity of the user when the temporary pseudo-identity satisfies the set of pseudo-identity criteria. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, to determine whether the biometric dataset matches any existing temporary pseudo-identity, the at least one processor is configured to:
determine whether the biometric dataset matches a biometric dataset associated with any existing temporary pseudo-identity. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity or a plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities when the biometric dataset matches at least one existing temporary pseudo-identity. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
calculate an overlapping rate between the biometric dataset and the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches a single existing temporary pseudo-identity; determine whether the overlapping rate satisfies an overlapping criteria; and associate the biometric dataset with the matching existing temporary pseudo-identity when the overlapping rate satisfies the overlapping criteria. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
combine the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities to form a combined temporary pseudo-identity when the biometric dataset matches the plurality of existing temporary pseudo-identities; and associate the biometric dataset with the combined temporary pseudo-identity. 17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the set of pseudo-identity criteria is satisfied when a number of biometric datasets associated with the temporary pseudo-identity exceeds a predetermined value. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
associate a user profile with the pseudo-identity of the user. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the user profile is generated based on at least one of content preference of the user, viewing habit of the user, or viewing behavior of the user with respect to content, wherein the content preference of the user, the viewing habit of the user, or the viewing behavior of the user with respect to content is obtained within a threshold time period before or after the biometric information of the user is captured. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the set of biometric sensors is further configured to capture a second biometric information of a second user using the set of biometric sensors, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
convert the second biometric information of the second user into a second biometric dataset; determine that the second biometric dataset matches a particular pseudo-identity; and provide personalized services to the second user based on a user profile associated with the particular pseudo-identity. | 2,800 |
343,096 | 16,642,851 | 2,892 | Disclosed herein are integrated circuit (IC) components with dummy structures, as well as related methods and devices. For example, in some embodiments, an IC component may include a dummy structure in a metallization stack. The dummy structure may include a dummy material having a higher Young's modulus than an interlayer dielectric of the metallization stack. | 1. An integrated circuit (IC) component, comprising:
a metallization stack including an interlayer dielectric; and a dummy structure in the metallization stack, wherein the dummy structure includes a dummy material having a higher Young's modulus than the interlayer dielectric. 2. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the metallization stack includes a conductive via or line, and the dummy material has a higher Young's modulus than the conductive via or line. 3. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the dummy material includes silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or aluminum oxide. 4. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the metallization stack includes an inductor. 5. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the metallization stack includes a conductive line, and the dummy structure has a width that is greater than 1.5 times a width of the conductive line. 6. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the dummy material includes a ferromagnetic material. 7. The IC component of claim 6, wherein the metallization stack includes a copper line or a copper via. 8. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the dummy structure is at least partially in a top interconnect layer in the metallization stack. 9. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the IC component is a die. 10. An integrated circuit (IC) component, comprising:
an inductor in a metallization stack; and a dummy structure in an interior of the inductor, wherein the dummy structures includes a dielectric material. 11. The IC component of claim 10, wherein the dummy structure is part of an array including a plurality of dummy structures in the metallization stack, and the array is in the interior of the inductor. 12. The IC component of claim 11, wherein the array is spaced a first distance from a first segment of the inductor, the array is spaced a second distance from a second segment of the inductor, and the first distance and the second distance are equal. 13. The IC component of claim 10, wherein the inductor has a thickness including multiple conductive lines and at least one conductive via. 14-20. (canceled) 21. A computing device, comprising:
a circuit board; and an integrated circuit (IC) component, coupled to the circuit board, wherein the IC component includes: a metallization stack including an interlayer dielectric, and a dummy structure in the metallization stack, wherein the dummy structure includes a dummy material having a higher Young's modulus than the interlayer dielectric. 22. The computing device of claim 21, wherein the IC component is a die, a package substrate, or an interposer. 23. The computing device of claim 21 wherein the IC component includes radio frequency (RF) circuitry. 24. The computing device of claim 21 wherein the IC component includes power circuitry. 25. The computing device of claim 21 wherein the computing device is a server, hand-held computing device, or wearable computing device. | Disclosed herein are integrated circuit (IC) components with dummy structures, as well as related methods and devices. For example, in some embodiments, an IC component may include a dummy structure in a metallization stack. The dummy structure may include a dummy material having a higher Young's modulus than an interlayer dielectric of the metallization stack.1. An integrated circuit (IC) component, comprising:
a metallization stack including an interlayer dielectric; and a dummy structure in the metallization stack, wherein the dummy structure includes a dummy material having a higher Young's modulus than the interlayer dielectric. 2. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the metallization stack includes a conductive via or line, and the dummy material has a higher Young's modulus than the conductive via or line. 3. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the dummy material includes silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or aluminum oxide. 4. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the metallization stack includes an inductor. 5. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the metallization stack includes a conductive line, and the dummy structure has a width that is greater than 1.5 times a width of the conductive line. 6. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the dummy material includes a ferromagnetic material. 7. The IC component of claim 6, wherein the metallization stack includes a copper line or a copper via. 8. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the dummy structure is at least partially in a top interconnect layer in the metallization stack. 9. The IC component of claim 1, wherein the IC component is a die. 10. An integrated circuit (IC) component, comprising:
an inductor in a metallization stack; and a dummy structure in an interior of the inductor, wherein the dummy structures includes a dielectric material. 11. The IC component of claim 10, wherein the dummy structure is part of an array including a plurality of dummy structures in the metallization stack, and the array is in the interior of the inductor. 12. The IC component of claim 11, wherein the array is spaced a first distance from a first segment of the inductor, the array is spaced a second distance from a second segment of the inductor, and the first distance and the second distance are equal. 13. The IC component of claim 10, wherein the inductor has a thickness including multiple conductive lines and at least one conductive via. 14-20. (canceled) 21. A computing device, comprising:
a circuit board; and an integrated circuit (IC) component, coupled to the circuit board, wherein the IC component includes: a metallization stack including an interlayer dielectric, and a dummy structure in the metallization stack, wherein the dummy structure includes a dummy material having a higher Young's modulus than the interlayer dielectric. 22. The computing device of claim 21, wherein the IC component is a die, a package substrate, or an interposer. 23. The computing device of claim 21 wherein the IC component includes radio frequency (RF) circuitry. 24. The computing device of claim 21 wherein the IC component includes power circuitry. 25. The computing device of claim 21 wherein the computing device is a server, hand-held computing device, or wearable computing device. | 2,800 |
343,097 | 16,642,817 | 2,892 | The invention provides compounds of formula (I): and salts thereof wherein R1-R5 have any of the meanings described in the specification. The compounds are useful for treating bacterial infections (e.g. tuberculosis). | 1. A compound of formula I: 2. The compound or salt of claim 1, which is a compound of formula (Ie): 3-4. (canceled) 5. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R1 is H, methyl, or CD3. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R2 is H or methyl. 9. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is H and R4 is —N(Ra)SO2Rc. 10. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is —N(Ra)SO2R and R4 is H. 11. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is H and R4 is —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc. 12. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc and R4 is H. 13. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein:
R1 is H, or (C1-C4)alkyl; R2 is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, or halo; R3 is H and R4 is —N(Ra)SO2Rc or —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc; or R3 is —N(Ra)SO2Rc or —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc and R4 is H; each Ra is independently H or (C1-C4)alkyl; and Rc is (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, or (C2-C6)alkyl, wherein any (C3-C6)cycloalkyl and (C2-C6)alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halo, and cyano. 14-17. (canceled) 18. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein Rc is (C3-C6)alkyl that is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halo and cyano. 19-28. (canceled) 29. The compound or salt of claim 1, that is selected from the group consisting of: 30. The compound or salt of claim 1, that is selected from the group consisting of: 31. The compound or salt of claim 1, that is, 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 33. (canceled) 34. The composition of claim 32, that further comprises another antibacterial drug. 35. (canceled) 36. The composition of claim 34, wherein the other antibacterial drug is isoniazid. 37. A method for treating a bacterial infection in an animal comprising administering a compound of formula I as described in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the animal. 38. (canceled) 39. The method of claim 37, that further comprises administering another antibacterial drug to the animal. 40. (canceled) 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the other antibacterial drug is isoniazid. 42. A method for treating a bacterial infection in an animal comprising administering isoniazid and a compound of formula: 43-52. (canceled) | The invention provides compounds of formula (I): and salts thereof wherein R1-R5 have any of the meanings described in the specification. The compounds are useful for treating bacterial infections (e.g. tuberculosis).1. A compound of formula I: 2. The compound or salt of claim 1, which is a compound of formula (Ie): 3-4. (canceled) 5. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R1 is H, methyl, or CD3. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R2 is H or methyl. 9. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is H and R4 is —N(Ra)SO2Rc. 10. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is —N(Ra)SO2R and R4 is H. 11. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is H and R4 is —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc. 12. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein R3 is —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc and R4 is H. 13. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein:
R1 is H, or (C1-C4)alkyl; R2 is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, or halo; R3 is H and R4 is —N(Ra)SO2Rc or —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc; or R3 is —N(Ra)SO2Rc or —N(Ra)C(═S)N(Ra)Rc and R4 is H; each Ra is independently H or (C1-C4)alkyl; and Rc is (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, or (C2-C6)alkyl, wherein any (C3-C6)cycloalkyl and (C2-C6)alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halo, and cyano. 14-17. (canceled) 18. The compound or salt of claim 1, wherein Rc is (C3-C6)alkyl that is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halo and cyano. 19-28. (canceled) 29. The compound or salt of claim 1, that is selected from the group consisting of: 30. The compound or salt of claim 1, that is selected from the group consisting of: 31. The compound or salt of claim 1, that is, 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 33. (canceled) 34. The composition of claim 32, that further comprises another antibacterial drug. 35. (canceled) 36. The composition of claim 34, wherein the other antibacterial drug is isoniazid. 37. A method for treating a bacterial infection in an animal comprising administering a compound of formula I as described in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the animal. 38. (canceled) 39. The method of claim 37, that further comprises administering another antibacterial drug to the animal. 40. (canceled) 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the other antibacterial drug is isoniazid. 42. A method for treating a bacterial infection in an animal comprising administering isoniazid and a compound of formula: 43-52. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,098 | 16,642,841 | 2,892 | Provided are valve devices that can be formed compactly. A valve device includes a primary-side valve element including a planar part and a secondary-side valve element connected to the primary-side valve element to be slidable to the planar part of the primary-side valve element, in which a water discharge state can be switched by sliding the primary-side valve element or the secondary-side valve element. The secondary-side valve element includes a packing member that contacts the planar part of the primary-side valve element. The primary-side valve element can include a disk member including the planar part, and the disk member is made from metal. | 1. A valve device, comprising:
a primary-side valve element comprising a planar part; and a secondary-side valve element comprising a packing member that contacts the planar part of the primary-side valve element, the secondary-side valve element connected to the primary-side valve element such that the secondary-side valve is slidable to the planar part of the primary-side valve element, wherein a water discharge state is configured to be switched by sliding one of the primary-side valve element or the secondary-side valve element. 2. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a disk member comprising the planar part, and
the disk member comprises a metal. 3. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a disk member comprising the planar part and a shaft member supporting the disk member, wherein the primary-side valve element is configured to allow water to flow between the disk member and the shaft member. 4. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a movable valve that can be rotated at a time of operation. 5. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a disk member comprising a primary-side opening, and
an outer peripheral edge of the primary-side opening is not formed along a circular shape centered on a rotation axis of the disk member. 6. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a primary-side tubular member and a disk member including the planar part, and
the disk member is movable toward the secondary-side valve element with respect to the primary-side tubular member by water pressure applied to the primary-side valve element. 7. The valve device of claim 6, wherein a gap is formed between the disk member and the packing member by applying strong water pressure and subsequently applying weak water pressure to the primary-side valve element. | Provided are valve devices that can be formed compactly. A valve device includes a primary-side valve element including a planar part and a secondary-side valve element connected to the primary-side valve element to be slidable to the planar part of the primary-side valve element, in which a water discharge state can be switched by sliding the primary-side valve element or the secondary-side valve element. The secondary-side valve element includes a packing member that contacts the planar part of the primary-side valve element. The primary-side valve element can include a disk member including the planar part, and the disk member is made from metal.1. A valve device, comprising:
a primary-side valve element comprising a planar part; and a secondary-side valve element comprising a packing member that contacts the planar part of the primary-side valve element, the secondary-side valve element connected to the primary-side valve element such that the secondary-side valve is slidable to the planar part of the primary-side valve element, wherein a water discharge state is configured to be switched by sliding one of the primary-side valve element or the secondary-side valve element. 2. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a disk member comprising the planar part, and
the disk member comprises a metal. 3. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a disk member comprising the planar part and a shaft member supporting the disk member, wherein the primary-side valve element is configured to allow water to flow between the disk member and the shaft member. 4. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a movable valve that can be rotated at a time of operation. 5. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a disk member comprising a primary-side opening, and
an outer peripheral edge of the primary-side opening is not formed along a circular shape centered on a rotation axis of the disk member. 6. The valve device of claim 1, wherein the primary-side valve element comprises a primary-side tubular member and a disk member including the planar part, and
the disk member is movable toward the secondary-side valve element with respect to the primary-side tubular member by water pressure applied to the primary-side valve element. 7. The valve device of claim 6, wherein a gap is formed between the disk member and the packing member by applying strong water pressure and subsequently applying weak water pressure to the primary-side valve element. | 2,800 |
343,099 | 16,642,849 | 2,892 | The present invention relates to a novel cathode buffer layer material and an organic photoelectric device including the same. When the novel compound of the present invention is applied to a cathode buffer layer of an organic photoelectric device, for example, an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode, there is an effect in which the surface characteristics of an electron transport layer are improved through the high dipole moment of the novel compound to thereby facilitate electron extraction from a photoactive layer to a cathode electrode and to reduce series resistance and leakage current, and accordingly, the performance of an organic optoelectronic device (organic solar cell, organic photodiode, etc.) to be manufactured can be remarkably improved, which is industrially advantageous. | 1. A compound represented by the following Formula 1, or stereoisomers thereof: 2. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein
R6 and R7 are each independently H, C1-20 linear or branched alkyl, or R6 and R7 are each independently, R6 may form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R6 and R4, and R7 may form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R7 and R3, where the substituted heterocycle is substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-5 linear or branched alkyl. 3. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein
if R6 and R7 are each independently C1-6 linear or branched alkyl, X is CO2H, and Y is H or CN; if R6 and R7 are each independently C7-10 linear or branched alkyl, Y is CO2H, and X is H or CN; or if R6 forms a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R6 and R4, and R7 forms a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R7 and R3, Y is CO2H, and X is H or CN. 4. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein
R6 and R7 are each independently H, C1-20 linear or branched alkyl, or R6 and R7 are each independently, R6 forms 5. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is 6. A method of preparing the compound represented by Formula 1 in claim 1, the method comprising:
a step of preparing a compound represented by Formula 3 from a compound represented by Formula 2; and a step of preparing the compound represented by Formula 1 from the compound represented by Formula 3, as shown in the following Reaction 1: 7. A cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device, the cathode buffer layer comprising:
the compound or stereoisomers thereof in claim 1; and one or more cathode buffer materials selected from an n-type metal oxide, a transition metal chelate, and an alkali metal compound. 8. The cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device according to claim 7, wherein the compound or stereoisomers thereof are mixed with and dispersed in the cathode buffer material. 9. The cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device according to claim 7, wherein the cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device comprises:
a first layer comprising the cathode buffer material; and a second layer comprising the compound or stereoisomers thereof in claim 1. 10. An organic photoelectric device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode oppositely provided to the first electrode; a photoactive layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; and the cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device of claim 7, provided between the photoactive layer and the first electrode or the second electrode. 11. The organic photoelectric device according to claim 10, wherein the organic photoelectric device is an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode. | The present invention relates to a novel cathode buffer layer material and an organic photoelectric device including the same. When the novel compound of the present invention is applied to a cathode buffer layer of an organic photoelectric device, for example, an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode, there is an effect in which the surface characteristics of an electron transport layer are improved through the high dipole moment of the novel compound to thereby facilitate electron extraction from a photoactive layer to a cathode electrode and to reduce series resistance and leakage current, and accordingly, the performance of an organic optoelectronic device (organic solar cell, organic photodiode, etc.) to be manufactured can be remarkably improved, which is industrially advantageous.1. A compound represented by the following Formula 1, or stereoisomers thereof: 2. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein
R6 and R7 are each independently H, C1-20 linear or branched alkyl, or R6 and R7 are each independently, R6 may form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R6 and R4, and R7 may form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R7 and R3, where the substituted heterocycle is substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-5 linear or branched alkyl. 3. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein
if R6 and R7 are each independently C1-6 linear or branched alkyl, X is CO2H, and Y is H or CN; if R6 and R7 are each independently C7-10 linear or branched alkyl, Y is CO2H, and X is H or CN; or if R6 forms a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R6 and R4, and R7 forms a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle with a pentagonal to decagonal ring together with an N atom connected with R7 and R3, Y is CO2H, and X is H or CN. 4. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein
R6 and R7 are each independently H, C1-20 linear or branched alkyl, or R6 and R7 are each independently, R6 forms 5. The compound or stereoisomers thereof according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is 6. A method of preparing the compound represented by Formula 1 in claim 1, the method comprising:
a step of preparing a compound represented by Formula 3 from a compound represented by Formula 2; and a step of preparing the compound represented by Formula 1 from the compound represented by Formula 3, as shown in the following Reaction 1: 7. A cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device, the cathode buffer layer comprising:
the compound or stereoisomers thereof in claim 1; and one or more cathode buffer materials selected from an n-type metal oxide, a transition metal chelate, and an alkali metal compound. 8. The cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device according to claim 7, wherein the compound or stereoisomers thereof are mixed with and dispersed in the cathode buffer material. 9. The cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device according to claim 7, wherein the cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device comprises:
a first layer comprising the cathode buffer material; and a second layer comprising the compound or stereoisomers thereof in claim 1. 10. An organic photoelectric device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode oppositely provided to the first electrode; a photoactive layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; and the cathode buffer layer for an organic photoelectric device of claim 7, provided between the photoactive layer and the first electrode or the second electrode. 11. The organic photoelectric device according to claim 10, wherein the organic photoelectric device is an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode. | 2,800 |
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