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342,800 | 16,642,530 | 1,735 | Conventionally, a photocurable composition to which an ultraviolet absorber is added is difficult to form a colorless and transparent cured resin because the ultraviolet absorber itself is colored, and thus the photocurable composition is hardly to be used in a display apparatus required for colorlessness and transparency. Provided is a photocurable composition including a specific compound, wherein a light transmittance of 385 nm is 50% or less and a yellowness index is 3.0 or less in a state in which a cured resin having a thickness of 200 μm or less is interposed between alkali free glass plates each having a thickness of 0.7 mm. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A photocurable composition comprising a compound of the following General Formula 1 as a component (A),
wherein a light transmittance of 385 nm is 50% or less and a yellowness index is 3.0 or less in a state in which a cured resin of the photocurable composition with a thickness of 200 μm or less is interposed between alkali free glass plates each having a thickness of 0.7 mm: 17. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, wherein a light transmittance of 385 nm is 30% or less and a yellowness index is 3.0 or less in a state in which a cured resin of the photocurable composition with a thickness of 200 μm or less is interposed between alkali free glass plates each having a thickness of 0.7 mm. 18. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, further comprising: a (meth)acrylate compound as a component (B); a film-forming resin as a component (C); and a photoinitiator as a component (D). 19. The photocurable composition according to claim 18, wherein the component (B) includes a (meth)acrylate oligomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer. 20. The photocurable composition according to claim 19, wherein the (meth)acrylate oligomer is a urethane-modified (meth)acrylate oligomer. 21. The photocurable composition according to claim 20, wherein a main skeleton of the urethane-modified (meth)acrylate oligomer is polycarbonate. 22. The photocurable composition according to claim 19, wherein a main skeleton of the (meth)acrylate monomer is polyether. 23. The photocurable composition according to claim 18, wherein the component (C) is a phenoxy resin. 24. The photocurable composition according to claim 18, wherein the component (D) includes an acylphosphineoxide-based photoinitiator. 25. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, wherein a content of the component (A) is 0.1 to 4.0% by mass with respect to a total composition excluding a solvent. 26. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, wherein the photocurable composition is used in assembling an organic EL device. 27. A photocurable sheet comprising the photocurable composition set forth in claim 16. 28. A display apparatus using the photocurable composition set forth in claim 16. 29. An adhering method comprising:
a step of attaching the photocurable sheet set forth in claim 27 to one adherend and sticking another adherend to the photocurable sheet; and a step of curing the photocurable sheet by irradiation with an energy ray to adhere the two adherends. 30. A method of producing a display apparatus comprising the adhering method set forth in claim 29. | Conventionally, a photocurable composition to which an ultraviolet absorber is added is difficult to form a colorless and transparent cured resin because the ultraviolet absorber itself is colored, and thus the photocurable composition is hardly to be used in a display apparatus required for colorlessness and transparency. Provided is a photocurable composition including a specific compound, wherein a light transmittance of 385 nm is 50% or less and a yellowness index is 3.0 or less in a state in which a cured resin having a thickness of 200 μm or less is interposed between alkali free glass plates each having a thickness of 0.7 mm.1-15. (canceled) 16. A photocurable composition comprising a compound of the following General Formula 1 as a component (A),
wherein a light transmittance of 385 nm is 50% or less and a yellowness index is 3.0 or less in a state in which a cured resin of the photocurable composition with a thickness of 200 μm or less is interposed between alkali free glass plates each having a thickness of 0.7 mm: 17. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, wherein a light transmittance of 385 nm is 30% or less and a yellowness index is 3.0 or less in a state in which a cured resin of the photocurable composition with a thickness of 200 μm or less is interposed between alkali free glass plates each having a thickness of 0.7 mm. 18. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, further comprising: a (meth)acrylate compound as a component (B); a film-forming resin as a component (C); and a photoinitiator as a component (D). 19. The photocurable composition according to claim 18, wherein the component (B) includes a (meth)acrylate oligomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer. 20. The photocurable composition according to claim 19, wherein the (meth)acrylate oligomer is a urethane-modified (meth)acrylate oligomer. 21. The photocurable composition according to claim 20, wherein a main skeleton of the urethane-modified (meth)acrylate oligomer is polycarbonate. 22. The photocurable composition according to claim 19, wherein a main skeleton of the (meth)acrylate monomer is polyether. 23. The photocurable composition according to claim 18, wherein the component (C) is a phenoxy resin. 24. The photocurable composition according to claim 18, wherein the component (D) includes an acylphosphineoxide-based photoinitiator. 25. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, wherein a content of the component (A) is 0.1 to 4.0% by mass with respect to a total composition excluding a solvent. 26. The photocurable composition according to claim 16, wherein the photocurable composition is used in assembling an organic EL device. 27. A photocurable sheet comprising the photocurable composition set forth in claim 16. 28. A display apparatus using the photocurable composition set forth in claim 16. 29. An adhering method comprising:
a step of attaching the photocurable sheet set forth in claim 27 to one adherend and sticking another adherend to the photocurable sheet; and a step of curing the photocurable sheet by irradiation with an energy ray to adhere the two adherends. 30. A method of producing a display apparatus comprising the adhering method set forth in claim 29. | 1,700 |
342,801 | 16,642,509 | 1,735 | A nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel and a preparation method thereof are provided. The chemical components are: 0.45-0.52% of carbon, 0.15-0.35% of silicon, 0.90-1.10% of manganese, 0.90-1.15% of chromium, 0.10-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.10-0.20% of vanadium, 0.025-0.04% of niobium, 0.007-0.012% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.03% of lead, tin, zinc, antimony, and bismuth, less than or equal to 25 ppm of oxygen and hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.02% of sulfur and phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.2% of copper, less than or equal to 0.35% nickel, and a balance of iron. The spring steel has significantly improved properties, including high mechanical strength, large elongation, high reduction of area, and good anti-fatigue performance. | 1. A nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel, comprising the following chemical components in a mass ratio:
0.45-0.52% of carbon, 0.15-0.35% of silicon, 0.90-1.10% of manganese, 0.90-1.15% of chromium, 0.10-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.10-0.20% of vanadium, 0.025-0.04% of niobium, 0.007-0.012% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.03% of sum of lead, tin, zinc, antimony, and bismuth, less than or equal to 25 ppm of sum of oxygen and hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.02% of sum of sulfur and phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.2% of copper, less than or equal to 0.35% nickel, and a balance of iron. 2. The nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 1, wherein, microstructures of the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel comprises a ferrite structure and a pearlite structure. 3. A method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 1, comprising: sequentially subjecting a spring steel raw material to a smelting, a refining, a vacuum degassing, and a continuous casting and cooling to obtain a steel ingot, and then subjecting the steel ingot to a peeling, a re-heating continuous rolling, a controlled cooling, a quenching, and a tempering to obtain the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel. 4. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the smelting is conducted at a temperature of 1630-1700° C. for 25-60 min; the refining is conducted at a temperature of 1500-1550° C. for 20-60 min; an electromagnetic stirring is performed during the refining. 5. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, during the vacuum degassing, a degree of vacuum is equal to or less than 130 Pa. 6. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the continuous casting and cooling comprises: first reducing a temperature to below 1150° C. at a rate of 25-35° C./min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature. 7. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, in the peeling, the steel ingot is peeled with a depth of at least 3.0 mm. 8. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the re-heating continuous rolling starts at a temperature of 900-1100° C. and ends at a temperature of 850-900° C. 9. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the controlled cooling comprises: cooling to 600° C. at a speed of equal to or more than 30° C./min, and then slow cooling to room temperature at a speed of equal to or less than 10° C./min. 10. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the quenching is an oil quenching, wherein in the oil quenching, the steel ingot is processed a quenching temperature of 850-900° C. for 1.0-1.5 min per millimeter of the steel ingot, and is tempered at a temperature of 400-500° C. 11. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, microstructures of the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel comprises a ferrite structure and a pearlite structure. | A nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel and a preparation method thereof are provided. The chemical components are: 0.45-0.52% of carbon, 0.15-0.35% of silicon, 0.90-1.10% of manganese, 0.90-1.15% of chromium, 0.10-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.10-0.20% of vanadium, 0.025-0.04% of niobium, 0.007-0.012% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.03% of lead, tin, zinc, antimony, and bismuth, less than or equal to 25 ppm of oxygen and hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.02% of sulfur and phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.2% of copper, less than or equal to 0.35% nickel, and a balance of iron. The spring steel has significantly improved properties, including high mechanical strength, large elongation, high reduction of area, and good anti-fatigue performance.1. A nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel, comprising the following chemical components in a mass ratio:
0.45-0.52% of carbon, 0.15-0.35% of silicon, 0.90-1.10% of manganese, 0.90-1.15% of chromium, 0.10-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.10-0.20% of vanadium, 0.025-0.04% of niobium, 0.007-0.012% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.03% of sum of lead, tin, zinc, antimony, and bismuth, less than or equal to 25 ppm of sum of oxygen and hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.02% of sum of sulfur and phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.2% of copper, less than or equal to 0.35% nickel, and a balance of iron. 2. The nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 1, wherein, microstructures of the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel comprises a ferrite structure and a pearlite structure. 3. A method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 1, comprising: sequentially subjecting a spring steel raw material to a smelting, a refining, a vacuum degassing, and a continuous casting and cooling to obtain a steel ingot, and then subjecting the steel ingot to a peeling, a re-heating continuous rolling, a controlled cooling, a quenching, and a tempering to obtain the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel. 4. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the smelting is conducted at a temperature of 1630-1700° C. for 25-60 min; the refining is conducted at a temperature of 1500-1550° C. for 20-60 min; an electromagnetic stirring is performed during the refining. 5. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, during the vacuum degassing, a degree of vacuum is equal to or less than 130 Pa. 6. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the continuous casting and cooling comprises: first reducing a temperature to below 1150° C. at a rate of 25-35° C./min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature. 7. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, in the peeling, the steel ingot is peeled with a depth of at least 3.0 mm. 8. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the re-heating continuous rolling starts at a temperature of 900-1100° C. and ends at a temperature of 850-900° C. 9. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the controlled cooling comprises: cooling to 600° C. at a speed of equal to or more than 30° C./min, and then slow cooling to room temperature at a speed of equal to or less than 10° C./min. 10. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, the quenching is an oil quenching, wherein in the oil quenching, the steel ingot is processed a quenching temperature of 850-900° C. for 1.0-1.5 min per millimeter of the steel ingot, and is tempered at a temperature of 400-500° C. 11. The method for preparing the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel according to claim 3, wherein, microstructures of the nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel comprises a ferrite structure and a pearlite structure. | 1,700 |
342,802 | 16,642,515 | 1,735 | A display panel including a plurality of pixel units is provided. The display panel includes: a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other a first light-shielding layer including a plurality of first openings as light-transmitting regions for the pixel units, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. Each pixel unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a lens. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to form an electric field in response to receiving a voltage, the electric field is configured to drive liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to deflect to change a ratio of transmission and reflection of linearly polarized light incident onto the liquid crystal layer at the light incident surface of the lens. | 1. A display panel comprising a plurality of pixel units, the display panel comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, wherein a side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate is a light exiting side of the display panel, and a side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate is a light incident side of the display panel; a first light-shielding layer on the first substrate, the first light-shielding layer comprising a plurality of first openings as light-transmitting regions for the pixel units; and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein each pixel unit of the plurality of pixel units comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a lens that is on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate and extends toward the second substrate, wherein the lens comprises a light incident surface and a light exiting surface, wherein the light incident surface of the lens is in direct contact with the liquid crystal layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to form an electric field in response to receiving a voltage, and wherein the electric field is configured to drive liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to deflect to change a ratio of transmission and reflection of linearly polarized light incident onto the liquid crystal layer at the light incident surface of the lens, thereby changing a ratio of the linearly polarized light exiting from a light-transmitting region of the light-transmitting regions and the linearly polarized light absorbed by the first light-shielding layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens is in the light-transmitting region of the pixel unit. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of first openings on the first substrate is within an orthographic projection of the light exiting surface of the lens on the first substrate. 4. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second light-shielding layer on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first substrate, wherein the second light-shielding layer comprises a plurality of second openings, and an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of second openings on the first substrate is within an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of first openings on the first substrate. 5. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
a barrier in a light-shielding region of the first light-shielding layer and extending from the first substrate toward the second substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the barrier on the first substrate does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the lens on the first substrate. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens is in a light-shielding region of the pixel unit, the display panel further comprises:
a second light-shielding layer on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first substrate, wherein the second light-shielding layer comprises a plurality of second openings, and wherein an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of second openings on the first substrate is within an orthographic projection of a light-shielding region of the first light-shielding layer on the first substrate. 7. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens comprises any one selected from a group consisting of a cylinder lens, a taper lens and a mesa lens. 8. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein the lens comprises a right angle prism, wherein a main cross section of the right angle prism comprises a right triangle, wherein a plane comprising a hypotenuse of the right triangle of the main cross section of the right angle prism comprises the light incident surface, and wherein a plane comprising a cathetus of the right triangle of the main cross section of the right angle prism that is parallel to the first substrate comprises the light exiting surface. 9. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens comprises resin or quartz. 10. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein an initial direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is parallel to the first substrate, wherein a refractive index n1 of the lens is equal to nO, wherein the nO is an o-light refractive index of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. 11. The display panel according to claim 10,
wherein an angle α between a tangent plane for a point on the light incident surface of the lens and the light exiting surface of the lens satisfies 12. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein an initial direction of a long axial of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to a plane comprising the hypotenuse of the right triangle of the main cross section of the right angle prism. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein an angle between the light incident surface of the right angle prism and the light exiting surface of the right angle prism is θ, and 14. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrode comprises a common electrode and is connected to a reference voltage, and wherein the second electrode comprises a pixel electrode, and wherein the first electrode is on the first substrate, and the second electrode is on the second substrate. 15. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrode comprises a common electrode and is connected to a reference voltage, and the second electrode comprises a pixel electrode, and wherein both the first electrode and the second electrode are on one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 16. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
a color filter layer in the light-transmitting region of the first substrate. 17. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a difference between an e-light refractive index and an o-light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to 0.3. 18. A display device, comprising the display panel according to claim 1, and a backlight on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate. 19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the backlight is configured to provide linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to an initial direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. 20. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the lens is in the light-transmitting region of the pixel unit. | A display panel including a plurality of pixel units is provided. The display panel includes: a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other a first light-shielding layer including a plurality of first openings as light-transmitting regions for the pixel units, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. Each pixel unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a lens. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to form an electric field in response to receiving a voltage, the electric field is configured to drive liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to deflect to change a ratio of transmission and reflection of linearly polarized light incident onto the liquid crystal layer at the light incident surface of the lens.1. A display panel comprising a plurality of pixel units, the display panel comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, wherein a side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate is a light exiting side of the display panel, and a side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate is a light incident side of the display panel; a first light-shielding layer on the first substrate, the first light-shielding layer comprising a plurality of first openings as light-transmitting regions for the pixel units; and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein each pixel unit of the plurality of pixel units comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a lens that is on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate and extends toward the second substrate, wherein the lens comprises a light incident surface and a light exiting surface, wherein the light incident surface of the lens is in direct contact with the liquid crystal layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to form an electric field in response to receiving a voltage, and wherein the electric field is configured to drive liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to deflect to change a ratio of transmission and reflection of linearly polarized light incident onto the liquid crystal layer at the light incident surface of the lens, thereby changing a ratio of the linearly polarized light exiting from a light-transmitting region of the light-transmitting regions and the linearly polarized light absorbed by the first light-shielding layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens is in the light-transmitting region of the pixel unit. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of first openings on the first substrate is within an orthographic projection of the light exiting surface of the lens on the first substrate. 4. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second light-shielding layer on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first substrate, wherein the second light-shielding layer comprises a plurality of second openings, and an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of second openings on the first substrate is within an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of first openings on the first substrate. 5. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
a barrier in a light-shielding region of the first light-shielding layer and extending from the first substrate toward the second substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the barrier on the first substrate does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the lens on the first substrate. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens is in a light-shielding region of the pixel unit, the display panel further comprises:
a second light-shielding layer on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first substrate, wherein the second light-shielding layer comprises a plurality of second openings, and wherein an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of second openings on the first substrate is within an orthographic projection of a light-shielding region of the first light-shielding layer on the first substrate. 7. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens comprises any one selected from a group consisting of a cylinder lens, a taper lens and a mesa lens. 8. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein the lens comprises a right angle prism, wherein a main cross section of the right angle prism comprises a right triangle, wherein a plane comprising a hypotenuse of the right triangle of the main cross section of the right angle prism comprises the light incident surface, and wherein a plane comprising a cathetus of the right triangle of the main cross section of the right angle prism that is parallel to the first substrate comprises the light exiting surface. 9. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the lens comprises resin or quartz. 10. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein an initial direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is parallel to the first substrate, wherein a refractive index n1 of the lens is equal to nO, wherein the nO is an o-light refractive index of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. 11. The display panel according to claim 10,
wherein an angle α between a tangent plane for a point on the light incident surface of the lens and the light exiting surface of the lens satisfies 12. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein an initial direction of a long axial of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to a plane comprising the hypotenuse of the right triangle of the main cross section of the right angle prism. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein an angle between the light incident surface of the right angle prism and the light exiting surface of the right angle prism is θ, and 14. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrode comprises a common electrode and is connected to a reference voltage, and wherein the second electrode comprises a pixel electrode, and wherein the first electrode is on the first substrate, and the second electrode is on the second substrate. 15. The display panel according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrode comprises a common electrode and is connected to a reference voltage, and the second electrode comprises a pixel electrode, and wherein both the first electrode and the second electrode are on one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 16. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
a color filter layer in the light-transmitting region of the first substrate. 17. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a difference between an e-light refractive index and an o-light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to 0.3. 18. A display device, comprising the display panel according to claim 1, and a backlight on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate. 19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the backlight is configured to provide linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to an initial direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. 20. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the lens is in the light-transmitting region of the pixel unit. | 1,700 |
342,803 | 16,642,514 | 1,735 | Management of frame rate up conversion functionality is improved through use of flags in a video bitstream controlling both sub-portions of a video image and sub-processes. Instead of a single flag controlling frame rate up conversion, at least one embodiment uses additional signaling to determine whether an encoder or a decoder should implement frame rate up conversion for a particular video coding portion or whether to implement one of the processes associated with frame rate up conversion. | 1. A method, comprising:
performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image; including a first flag in a video bitstream, said first flag indicative of said frame rate up conversion; and including a second flag in said video bitstream, said second flag further indicative of said frame rate up conversion. 2. A method, comprising:
parsing a video bitstream to identify a first flag; parsing a video bitstream to identify a second flag, and performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image based on said first flag and said second flag. 3. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform:
performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image;
including a first flag in a video bitstream, said first flag indicative of said frame rate up conversion; and
including a second flag in said video bitstream, said second flag further indicative of said frame rate up conversion. 4. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform:
parsing a video bitstream to identify a first flag;
parsing a video bitstream to identify a second flag, and
performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image based on said first flag and said second flag. 5. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said second flag enables frame rate up conversion in a sub-block using merge mode. 6. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said second flag enables frame rate up conversion in a sub-block using bilateral matching in merge mode. 7. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein a third flag enables bilateral matching or template matching to be performed on a sub-block of said video image. 8. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said second flag enables adaptive motion vector prediction in a portion of a video image, and further comprising:
performing merge mode for a portion of a video image consistent with a third flag and a fourth flag;
performing bilateral template matching on a portion of the video image consistent with a third flag and a fifth flag. 9. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, further comprising:
using syntax elements in said bitstream for performing frame rate up conversion, comprising refinement search pattern, number of refinement loops, template matching size, motion vector cost weight, maximum number of candidates to be evaluated, and maximum value for template matching cost. 10. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein any of said flags are located in a video parameter set. 11. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein any of said flags are located in a sequence parameter set. 12. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein any of said flags are located in a picture parameter set. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to carry out the method of any one of claims 2 and 5 to 12. | Management of frame rate up conversion functionality is improved through use of flags in a video bitstream controlling both sub-portions of a video image and sub-processes. Instead of a single flag controlling frame rate up conversion, at least one embodiment uses additional signaling to determine whether an encoder or a decoder should implement frame rate up conversion for a particular video coding portion or whether to implement one of the processes associated with frame rate up conversion.1. A method, comprising:
performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image; including a first flag in a video bitstream, said first flag indicative of said frame rate up conversion; and including a second flag in said video bitstream, said second flag further indicative of said frame rate up conversion. 2. A method, comprising:
parsing a video bitstream to identify a first flag; parsing a video bitstream to identify a second flag, and performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image based on said first flag and said second flag. 3. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform:
performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image;
including a first flag in a video bitstream, said first flag indicative of said frame rate up conversion; and
including a second flag in said video bitstream, said second flag further indicative of said frame rate up conversion. 4. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform:
parsing a video bitstream to identify a first flag;
parsing a video bitstream to identify a second flag, and
performing frame rate up conversion for a portion of a video image based on said first flag and said second flag. 5. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said second flag enables frame rate up conversion in a sub-block using merge mode. 6. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said second flag enables frame rate up conversion in a sub-block using bilateral matching in merge mode. 7. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein a third flag enables bilateral matching or template matching to be performed on a sub-block of said video image. 8. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said second flag enables adaptive motion vector prediction in a portion of a video image, and further comprising:
performing merge mode for a portion of a video image consistent with a third flag and a fourth flag;
performing bilateral template matching on a portion of the video image consistent with a third flag and a fifth flag. 9. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, further comprising:
using syntax elements in said bitstream for performing frame rate up conversion, comprising refinement search pattern, number of refinement loops, template matching size, motion vector cost weight, maximum number of candidates to be evaluated, and maximum value for template matching cost. 10. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein any of said flags are located in a video parameter set. 11. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein any of said flags are located in a sequence parameter set. 12. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein any of said flags are located in a picture parameter set. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to carry out the method of any one of claims 2 and 5 to 12. | 1,700 |
342,804 | 16,642,513 | 1,735 | A diving mask (1) comprising a rigid frame (10) having a front perimeter edge (11a) and a rear perimeter edge (11b). The rigid frame (10) provides an upper portion (12) and a lower portion (13) connected by a first and a second lateral portion (14a, 14b). The mask (1) provides, furthermore, a visor (20) made of a transparent material and fixed to the rigid frame (10) and an inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) for inhaling the air during inspiration. Inside of the rigid frame (10) a face member (40) is fixed that is made of a soft and flexible material configured to be arranged, in use, in contact with the user's face. A partition member (43) divides the volume between the visor (20) and the face member (40) in an upper chamber (21) pneumatically connected to the inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) through at least an opening (44), and in a lower chamber (22) arranged to house, in use, the nose and the mouth of the user. A discharge duct (60) pneumatically connects the lower chamber (22) with at least an exit mouth (75) for the exit of the exhaled air that is made at the rear perimeter edge (10b) of rigid frame (10). | 1. A diving mask (1) comprising:
a rigid frame (10) having a front perimeter edge (11 a) and a rear perimeter edge (11 b), said rigid frame (10) provided with an upper portion (12), a lower portion (13), and a first and a second lateral portion (14 a, 14 b) arranged to connect said upper portion (12) to said lower portion (13); a visor (20) made of a transparent material and engaged to said rigid frame (10), said visor (20) being configured in such a way to protrude, in use, beyond said front perimeter edge (10 a) of said rigid frame (10); an inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) integral, in use, to said upper portion (12) of said rigid frame (10), said inhalation duct (30) being provided with a longitudinal passage (35); a face member (40) made of a flexible material configured to be engaged inside of said rigid frame (10) and having a rear edge (41) configured to be arranged, in use, in contact with the user's face, said face member (40) comprising a partition member (43) configured to divide the volume between said visor (20) and said face member (40) in an upper chamber (21) pneumatically connected to said inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) through at least an opening (44), and in a lower chamber (22) arranged to house, in use, the nose and the mouth of the user; at least a one-way valve (50) arranged to pneumatically connect said upper chamber (21) with said lower chamber (22) and configured to allow the air to pass from said upper chamber (21) to said lower chamber (22) during the user's inspiration, and to impede, instead, the air to pass in the opposite direction, that means from said lower chamber (22) to said upper chamber (21) during the user's expiration; at least an exit mouth (75) for the exit of the air breathed out by the user; at least a discharge duct (60) configured to pneumatically connect said lower chamber (22) with said, or each, exit mouth (75); said diving mask (1) being characterised in that said, or each, exit mouth (75) is provided at said rear perimeter edge (10 b) of said upper portion (12) of said rigid frame (10). 2. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said, or each, discharge duct (60) is provided in said visor (20). 3. Diving mask (1), according to claim 2, wherein said face member (40) provides at least an outlet opening (26) pneumatically connected with said, or each, exit mouth (75) through said discharge duct (60). 4. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said exit hole (15) is associated to a deformable membrane (80) configured to move from a closing configuration of said exit hole (15) to an opening configuration of the exit hole same, in order to allow the air breathed out to flow out said discharge duct (60), and to impede, instead, air, or water, to flow in the opposite direction, i.e. into the discharge duct (60). 5. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein, at said upper portion (12), at least a first and a second exit mouths (75 a, 75 b) are provided arranged at opposite side with respect to said inhalation duct, or snorkel (30). 6. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said rigid frame (10), at said upper portion (12), provides a deflector body (70) provided with said exit mouth (75) and configured to deviate the flow of air breathed out by the user from a stream direction (114) to a discharge direction (115) inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to said stream direction. 7. Diving mask (1), according to claim 6, wherein said deflector body (70) is configured to removably engage a main body (16) of said rigid frame (10). 8. Diving mask (1), according to claim 7, wherein said main body (16) of said rigid frame (10) provides an exit hole (15) pneumatically connected with said lower chamber (22) through said discharge duct (60) and with said, or each, exit mouth (75) through said deflector body (70). 9. Diving mask (1), according to claim 6, wherein said deflector body (70) provides a first wall (71) arranged, in use, in front of said exit hole (15) of said rigid frame (10), and a second wall (72) substantially orthogonal to said discharge direction (115), said, or each exit mouth (75) being provided at said second wall (72). 10. Diving mask (1), according to claim 6, wherein said deflector body (70) and said rigid frame (10) provide respective mutual engagement members configured to removably move from a mutual engagement configuration to a disengagement configuration. 11. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said, or each, exit mouth (75) is configured in such a way to be, in use, oriented substantially parallel to the surface of water in which the user is positioned. 12. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said visor (20) and said rigid frame (10) provide respective tightening portions (28,18) configured to mutually engage and to tighten between them, in use, an engagement portion (48) of said face member (40). 13. Diving mask (1), according to claim 12, wherein said tightening portion (18) of said rigid frame (10) and said engagement portion (48) of said face member (40) are substantially flat-shaped. 14. Diving mask (1), according to claim 12, wherein said visor (20), at said tightening portion (28), and said face member (40), at said engagement portion (48), provide at least a respective connection hole (25,45) arranged, in use, coaxially to a respective said exit hole (15) provided at said tightening portion (18) of said rigid frame (10). 15. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said deflector body (70) provides engagement portions (176,177) configured to engage respectively an engagement member (127) of said visor (20), and an engagement member (116) of said rigid frame (10). | A diving mask (1) comprising a rigid frame (10) having a front perimeter edge (11a) and a rear perimeter edge (11b). The rigid frame (10) provides an upper portion (12) and a lower portion (13) connected by a first and a second lateral portion (14a, 14b). The mask (1) provides, furthermore, a visor (20) made of a transparent material and fixed to the rigid frame (10) and an inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) for inhaling the air during inspiration. Inside of the rigid frame (10) a face member (40) is fixed that is made of a soft and flexible material configured to be arranged, in use, in contact with the user's face. A partition member (43) divides the volume between the visor (20) and the face member (40) in an upper chamber (21) pneumatically connected to the inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) through at least an opening (44), and in a lower chamber (22) arranged to house, in use, the nose and the mouth of the user. A discharge duct (60) pneumatically connects the lower chamber (22) with at least an exit mouth (75) for the exit of the exhaled air that is made at the rear perimeter edge (10b) of rigid frame (10).1. A diving mask (1) comprising:
a rigid frame (10) having a front perimeter edge (11 a) and a rear perimeter edge (11 b), said rigid frame (10) provided with an upper portion (12), a lower portion (13), and a first and a second lateral portion (14 a, 14 b) arranged to connect said upper portion (12) to said lower portion (13); a visor (20) made of a transparent material and engaged to said rigid frame (10), said visor (20) being configured in such a way to protrude, in use, beyond said front perimeter edge (10 a) of said rigid frame (10); an inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) integral, in use, to said upper portion (12) of said rigid frame (10), said inhalation duct (30) being provided with a longitudinal passage (35); a face member (40) made of a flexible material configured to be engaged inside of said rigid frame (10) and having a rear edge (41) configured to be arranged, in use, in contact with the user's face, said face member (40) comprising a partition member (43) configured to divide the volume between said visor (20) and said face member (40) in an upper chamber (21) pneumatically connected to said inhalation duct, or snorkel, (30) through at least an opening (44), and in a lower chamber (22) arranged to house, in use, the nose and the mouth of the user; at least a one-way valve (50) arranged to pneumatically connect said upper chamber (21) with said lower chamber (22) and configured to allow the air to pass from said upper chamber (21) to said lower chamber (22) during the user's inspiration, and to impede, instead, the air to pass in the opposite direction, that means from said lower chamber (22) to said upper chamber (21) during the user's expiration; at least an exit mouth (75) for the exit of the air breathed out by the user; at least a discharge duct (60) configured to pneumatically connect said lower chamber (22) with said, or each, exit mouth (75); said diving mask (1) being characterised in that said, or each, exit mouth (75) is provided at said rear perimeter edge (10 b) of said upper portion (12) of said rigid frame (10). 2. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said, or each, discharge duct (60) is provided in said visor (20). 3. Diving mask (1), according to claim 2, wherein said face member (40) provides at least an outlet opening (26) pneumatically connected with said, or each, exit mouth (75) through said discharge duct (60). 4. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said exit hole (15) is associated to a deformable membrane (80) configured to move from a closing configuration of said exit hole (15) to an opening configuration of the exit hole same, in order to allow the air breathed out to flow out said discharge duct (60), and to impede, instead, air, or water, to flow in the opposite direction, i.e. into the discharge duct (60). 5. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein, at said upper portion (12), at least a first and a second exit mouths (75 a, 75 b) are provided arranged at opposite side with respect to said inhalation duct, or snorkel (30). 6. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said rigid frame (10), at said upper portion (12), provides a deflector body (70) provided with said exit mouth (75) and configured to deviate the flow of air breathed out by the user from a stream direction (114) to a discharge direction (115) inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to said stream direction. 7. Diving mask (1), according to claim 6, wherein said deflector body (70) is configured to removably engage a main body (16) of said rigid frame (10). 8. Diving mask (1), according to claim 7, wherein said main body (16) of said rigid frame (10) provides an exit hole (15) pneumatically connected with said lower chamber (22) through said discharge duct (60) and with said, or each, exit mouth (75) through said deflector body (70). 9. Diving mask (1), according to claim 6, wherein said deflector body (70) provides a first wall (71) arranged, in use, in front of said exit hole (15) of said rigid frame (10), and a second wall (72) substantially orthogonal to said discharge direction (115), said, or each exit mouth (75) being provided at said second wall (72). 10. Diving mask (1), according to claim 6, wherein said deflector body (70) and said rigid frame (10) provide respective mutual engagement members configured to removably move from a mutual engagement configuration to a disengagement configuration. 11. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said, or each, exit mouth (75) is configured in such a way to be, in use, oriented substantially parallel to the surface of water in which the user is positioned. 12. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said visor (20) and said rigid frame (10) provide respective tightening portions (28,18) configured to mutually engage and to tighten between them, in use, an engagement portion (48) of said face member (40). 13. Diving mask (1), according to claim 12, wherein said tightening portion (18) of said rigid frame (10) and said engagement portion (48) of said face member (40) are substantially flat-shaped. 14. Diving mask (1), according to claim 12, wherein said visor (20), at said tightening portion (28), and said face member (40), at said engagement portion (48), provide at least a respective connection hole (25,45) arranged, in use, coaxially to a respective said exit hole (15) provided at said tightening portion (18) of said rigid frame (10). 15. Diving mask (1), according to claim 1, wherein said deflector body (70) provides engagement portions (176,177) configured to engage respectively an engagement member (127) of said visor (20), and an engagement member (116) of said rigid frame (10). | 1,700 |
342,805 | 16,642,510 | 1,735 | Provided are a congestion window control method, an apparatus and a device for internet of vehicles. The congestion window control method for internet of vehicle includes: determining a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the plurality of on-board unit sets correspond to a plurality of on-board unit types respectively. | 1. A congestion window control method for Internet of Vehicles comprising a plurality of on-board unit sets, comprising:
determining a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the congestion window corresponds to a bandwidth dial can be assigned to the on-board unit, and each of the plurality of on-board unit sets corresponds to one of a plurality of on-board unit types respectively, the on-board unit, types Include cluster-head on-board unit, non-cluster-head on-board unit and bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit and the non-cluster-head on-board unit are on-board units which communicate with a current roadside unit wherein the cluster-head on-board unit include on-board unit which, implements its own bandwidth, application and forwards traffic of the non-cluster-head on-board unit, and the non-cluster-head on-board unit, only implements its own bandwidth application, and the bandwidth-reserved on-board unit is on-board unit, which is connected to a neighbor roadside unit and is transmitting traffic. 2. The congestion window control method according to claim 1, wherein determining the bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the bandwidth requirement for the set according to the number of the on-board units in the set and a reference bandwidth requirement of each on-board unit in the set, wherein the reference bandwidth requirement of the on-board unit is determined according to the type of the on-board unit. 3. The congestion window control method according to claim 1, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
determining a maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a maximum congestion window for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets according to the maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit. 4. The congestion window control method according to claim 3, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets further comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets and the maximum congestion window of the set. 5. The congestion window control method according to claim 3, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets further comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets, a competition parameter between the on-board units in the set and the maximum congestion window of the set. 6. The congestion window control method according to claim 5, further comprising:
calculating the competition parameter between the respective on-board units in each on-board unit set iteratively. 7. The congestion window control method according to claim 5, wherein
the competition parameter between each on-board unit set and other on-board unit sets is predetermined according to statistical analysis. 8. (canceled) 9. The congestion window control method according to claim 3, wherein, for the Internet of Vehicles including three on-board unit sets G1, G2, and G3,
determining the bandwidth requirement of a first set G1 of the plurality of on-board unit sets includes: 10. A congestion window control apparatus for Internet of Vehicles comprising a plurality of on-board unit sets, comprising:
a bandwidth requirement determination unit configured to determine a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and a congestion window determination unit configured to determine a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the congestion window corresponds to a bandwidth that can be assigned to the on-board unit, and each of the plurality of on-board unit sets correspond to one of a plurality of on-board unit types respectively wherein the on-board unit types include cluster-head on-board unit, non-cluster-head on-board unit and bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit and non-cluster-head on-board unit are on-board units which communicate with a current roadside unit wherein the cluster-head on-board unit includes on-board unit which implements its own bandwidth application and forwards traffic of the non-cluster-head on-board unit, and the non-d aster-head on-board unit only implements its own bandwidth application, and the bandwidth-reserved on-board unit is on-board unit which is connected to a neighbor roadside unit and is transmitting traffic. 11. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein determining the bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, the bandwidth requirement determination unit determines the bandwidth requirement for the set according to the number of the on-board units in the set and a reference bandwidth requirement of each on-board unit in the set, wherein the reference bandwidth requirement of the on-board unit is determined according to the type of the on-board unit. 12. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
the congestion window determination unit determines a maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and the congestion window determination unit determines a maximum congestion window for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets according to the maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit. 13. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, the congestion window determination unit determines the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets and the maximum congestion window of the set. 14. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, the congestion window determination unit determines the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets, a competition parameter between the on-board units in the set and the maximum congestion window of the set. 15. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:
the congestion window determination unit calculates the competition parameter between the on-board units in each on-board unit set iteratively. 16. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the competition parameter between each on-board unit set and other on-board unit sets is predetermined according to statistical analysis. 17. (canceled) 18. A congestion window control device for Internet of Vehicles comprising a plurality of on-board unit sets, comprising:
a memory configured to store computer-readable instructions, and a processor configured to process the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory, wherein, when processing the computer-readable instructions, the processor executes functions of: determining a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the congestion window corresponds to a bandwidth that can be assigned to the on-board unit, and each of the plurality of on-board unit sets correspond to one of a plurality of on-board unit types respectively, the on-board unit types include cluster-head on-board unit, non-cluster-head on-board unit and bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit and the non-cluster-head on-board unit are on-board units which communicate with a current roadside unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit include on-board unit which implements its own bandwidth application and forwards traffic of the non-cluster-head on-board unit, and the non-cluster-head on-board unit only implements its own bandwidth application, and the bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, is on-board unit which is connected Jo a neighbor roadside unit and is transmitting traffic. 19. The congestion window control device according to claim 18, wherein determining the bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the bandwidth requirement for the set according to the number of the on-board units in the set and a reference bandwidth requirement of each on-board unit in the set, wherein the reference bandwidth requirement of the on-board unit is determined according to the type of the on-board unit. 20. The congestion window control device according to claim 18, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
determining a maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a maximum congestion window for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets according to the maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit. 21. The congestion window control device according to any one of claim 20, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets and the maximum congestion window of the set. | Provided are a congestion window control method, an apparatus and a device for internet of vehicles. The congestion window control method for internet of vehicle includes: determining a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the plurality of on-board unit sets correspond to a plurality of on-board unit types respectively.1. A congestion window control method for Internet of Vehicles comprising a plurality of on-board unit sets, comprising:
determining a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the congestion window corresponds to a bandwidth dial can be assigned to the on-board unit, and each of the plurality of on-board unit sets corresponds to one of a plurality of on-board unit types respectively, the on-board unit, types Include cluster-head on-board unit, non-cluster-head on-board unit and bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit and the non-cluster-head on-board unit are on-board units which communicate with a current roadside unit wherein the cluster-head on-board unit include on-board unit which, implements its own bandwidth, application and forwards traffic of the non-cluster-head on-board unit, and the non-cluster-head on-board unit, only implements its own bandwidth application, and the bandwidth-reserved on-board unit is on-board unit, which is connected to a neighbor roadside unit and is transmitting traffic. 2. The congestion window control method according to claim 1, wherein determining the bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the bandwidth requirement for the set according to the number of the on-board units in the set and a reference bandwidth requirement of each on-board unit in the set, wherein the reference bandwidth requirement of the on-board unit is determined according to the type of the on-board unit. 3. The congestion window control method according to claim 1, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
determining a maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a maximum congestion window for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets according to the maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit. 4. The congestion window control method according to claim 3, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets further comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets and the maximum congestion window of the set. 5. The congestion window control method according to claim 3, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets further comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets, a competition parameter between the on-board units in the set and the maximum congestion window of the set. 6. The congestion window control method according to claim 5, further comprising:
calculating the competition parameter between the respective on-board units in each on-board unit set iteratively. 7. The congestion window control method according to claim 5, wherein
the competition parameter between each on-board unit set and other on-board unit sets is predetermined according to statistical analysis. 8. (canceled) 9. The congestion window control method according to claim 3, wherein, for the Internet of Vehicles including three on-board unit sets G1, G2, and G3,
determining the bandwidth requirement of a first set G1 of the plurality of on-board unit sets includes: 10. A congestion window control apparatus for Internet of Vehicles comprising a plurality of on-board unit sets, comprising:
a bandwidth requirement determination unit configured to determine a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and a congestion window determination unit configured to determine a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the congestion window corresponds to a bandwidth that can be assigned to the on-board unit, and each of the plurality of on-board unit sets correspond to one of a plurality of on-board unit types respectively wherein the on-board unit types include cluster-head on-board unit, non-cluster-head on-board unit and bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit and non-cluster-head on-board unit are on-board units which communicate with a current roadside unit wherein the cluster-head on-board unit includes on-board unit which implements its own bandwidth application and forwards traffic of the non-cluster-head on-board unit, and the non-d aster-head on-board unit only implements its own bandwidth application, and the bandwidth-reserved on-board unit is on-board unit which is connected to a neighbor roadside unit and is transmitting traffic. 11. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein determining the bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, the bandwidth requirement determination unit determines the bandwidth requirement for the set according to the number of the on-board units in the set and a reference bandwidth requirement of each on-board unit in the set, wherein the reference bandwidth requirement of the on-board unit is determined according to the type of the on-board unit. 12. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
the congestion window determination unit determines a maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and the congestion window determination unit determines a maximum congestion window for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets according to the maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit. 13. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, the congestion window determination unit determines the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets and the maximum congestion window of the set. 14. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, the congestion window determination unit determines the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets, a competition parameter between the on-board units in the set and the maximum congestion window of the set. 15. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:
the congestion window determination unit calculates the competition parameter between the on-board units in each on-board unit set iteratively. 16. The congestion window control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the competition parameter between each on-board unit set and other on-board unit sets is predetermined according to statistical analysis. 17. (canceled) 18. A congestion window control device for Internet of Vehicles comprising a plurality of on-board unit sets, comprising:
a memory configured to store computer-readable instructions, and a processor configured to process the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory, wherein, when processing the computer-readable instructions, the processor executes functions of: determining a bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets, wherein the congestion window corresponds to a bandwidth that can be assigned to the on-board unit, and each of the plurality of on-board unit sets correspond to one of a plurality of on-board unit types respectively, the on-board unit types include cluster-head on-board unit, non-cluster-head on-board unit and bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit and the non-cluster-head on-board unit are on-board units which communicate with a current roadside unit, wherein the cluster-head on-board unit include on-board unit which implements its own bandwidth application and forwards traffic of the non-cluster-head on-board unit, and the non-cluster-head on-board unit only implements its own bandwidth application, and the bandwidth-reserved on-board unit, is on-board unit which is connected Jo a neighbor roadside unit and is transmitting traffic. 19. The congestion window control device according to claim 18, wherein determining the bandwidth requirement for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the bandwidth requirement for the set according to the number of the on-board units in the set and a reference bandwidth requirement of each on-board unit in the set, wherein the reference bandwidth requirement of the on-board unit is determined according to the type of the on-board unit. 20. The congestion window control device according to claim 18, wherein determining the congestion window for each of the on-board unit sets according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets comprises:
determining a maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit according to the bandwidth requirements of respective sets of the plurality of on-board unit sets; and determining a maximum congestion window for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets according to the maximum bandwidth capacity assigned to each of the plurality of on-board unit sets by the current roadside unit. 21. The congestion window control device according to any one of claim 20, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of on-board unit sets, determining the congestion window of the set by iterative calculation according to a competition parameter between the set and other sets and the maximum congestion window of the set. | 1,700 |
342,806 | 16,642,559 | 1,735 | A coated metallic substrate including at least a first coating of aluminum, such first coating having a thickness below 5 μm and being directly topped by a second coating including from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A coated metallic substrate comprising:
a metallic substrate; and a first coating on the metallic substrate, the first coating consisting of aluminum and having a thickness between 2 and 4 μm and being directly topped by a second coating including from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, a balance of the second coating being zinc. 22. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating has a thickness between 1 and 10 μm. 23. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating comprises from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight of magnesium. 24. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 23 wherein the second coating comprises from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. 25. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating comprises from 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. 26. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating does not comprise at least one of the following elements chosen among: aluminum, silicon and copper. 27. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating consists of zinc and magnesium. 28. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the microstructure of the second coating comprises less than 95% by weight of Mg2Zn11 phases in a Zn matrix. 29. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 further comprising an intermediate layer between the metallic substrate and the first coating, the intermediate layer including iron, nickel, and chromium. 30. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 29 wherein the intermediate layer further includes titanium. 31. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the metallic substrate selected from one of the group consisting of: aluminum substrate, steel substrate, stainless steel substrate, copper substrate, iron substrate, copper alloys substrate, titanium substrate, cobalt substrate and nickel substrate. 32. A method for the manufacture of the coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 20, the method comprising the following steps:
providing the metallic substrate; depositing the first coating consisting of aluminum at a thickness between 2 and 4 μm; and depositing the second coating including from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. 33. The method as recited in claim 32 further comprising preparing a surface of the metallic substrate after the providing step and before the depositing of the first coating. 34. The method as recited in claim 33 wherein the preparing of the surface includes at least one of the following group consisting of: shot blasting, pickling, etching, polishing, sand blasting, grinding and deposition of an intermediate layer comprising iron, nickel, chromium and optionally titanium. 35. The method as recited in claim 32 wherein the depositing of the first and second coatings occurs independently from each other and is performed by a hot-dip coating, by electro-deposition process or by vacuum deposition. 36. The method as recited in claim 35 wherein the depositing of the first and second coating occurs by vacuum deposition, and the first and second coatings independently from each other are deposited by magnetron cathode pulverization process, jet vapor deposition process, electromagnetic levitation evaporation process or electron beam physical vapor deposition. 37. A method for manufacturing an automotive vehicle part comprising: manufacturing the automotive vehicle part using the coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21. 38. An installation for continuous vacuum deposition of coatings on a running metallic substrate to obtain the coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 20 comprising in the following order:
a first section including an electron beam evaporation device; and
a second section including a jet vapor evaporation device. 39. The installation as recited in claim 38 further comprising an intermediate section including a magnetron cathode pulverization device upstream from the first section. 40. The installation as recited in claim 39 wherein the magnetron cathode pulverization device includes a vacuum deposition chamber including one target made of iron, chromium, nickel and optionally titanium, and a plasma source to deposit an intermediate layer comprising iron, nickel, chromium and optionally titanium on the metallic substrate. 41. The installation as recited in claim 38 wherein in the first section, the electron beam evaporation device includes a vacuum deposition chamber including an evaporation crucible incuding metal consisting of aluminum, a heating device and an electron gun. 42. The installation as recited in claim 38 wherein in the second section, the jet vapor evaporation device includes a vacuum deposition chamber including a vapor jet coater and at least one evaporation crucible suited to feed the vapor jet coater with a vapor comprising from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. | A coated metallic substrate including at least a first coating of aluminum, such first coating having a thickness below 5 μm and being directly topped by a second coating including from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc.1-20. (canceled) 21. A coated metallic substrate comprising:
a metallic substrate; and a first coating on the metallic substrate, the first coating consisting of aluminum and having a thickness between 2 and 4 μm and being directly topped by a second coating including from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, a balance of the second coating being zinc. 22. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating has a thickness between 1 and 10 μm. 23. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating comprises from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight of magnesium. 24. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 23 wherein the second coating comprises from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. 25. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating comprises from 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. 26. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating does not comprise at least one of the following elements chosen among: aluminum, silicon and copper. 27. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the second coating consists of zinc and magnesium. 28. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the microstructure of the second coating comprises less than 95% by weight of Mg2Zn11 phases in a Zn matrix. 29. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 further comprising an intermediate layer between the metallic substrate and the first coating, the intermediate layer including iron, nickel, and chromium. 30. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 29 wherein the intermediate layer further includes titanium. 31. The coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21 wherein the metallic substrate selected from one of the group consisting of: aluminum substrate, steel substrate, stainless steel substrate, copper substrate, iron substrate, copper alloys substrate, titanium substrate, cobalt substrate and nickel substrate. 32. A method for the manufacture of the coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 20, the method comprising the following steps:
providing the metallic substrate; depositing the first coating consisting of aluminum at a thickness between 2 and 4 μm; and depositing the second coating including from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. 33. The method as recited in claim 32 further comprising preparing a surface of the metallic substrate after the providing step and before the depositing of the first coating. 34. The method as recited in claim 33 wherein the preparing of the surface includes at least one of the following group consisting of: shot blasting, pickling, etching, polishing, sand blasting, grinding and deposition of an intermediate layer comprising iron, nickel, chromium and optionally titanium. 35. The method as recited in claim 32 wherein the depositing of the first and second coatings occurs independently from each other and is performed by a hot-dip coating, by electro-deposition process or by vacuum deposition. 36. The method as recited in claim 35 wherein the depositing of the first and second coating occurs by vacuum deposition, and the first and second coatings independently from each other are deposited by magnetron cathode pulverization process, jet vapor deposition process, electromagnetic levitation evaporation process or electron beam physical vapor deposition. 37. A method for manufacturing an automotive vehicle part comprising: manufacturing the automotive vehicle part using the coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 21. 38. An installation for continuous vacuum deposition of coatings on a running metallic substrate to obtain the coated metallic substrate as recited in claim 20 comprising in the following order:
a first section including an electron beam evaporation device; and
a second section including a jet vapor evaporation device. 39. The installation as recited in claim 38 further comprising an intermediate section including a magnetron cathode pulverization device upstream from the first section. 40. The installation as recited in claim 39 wherein the magnetron cathode pulverization device includes a vacuum deposition chamber including one target made of iron, chromium, nickel and optionally titanium, and a plasma source to deposit an intermediate layer comprising iron, nickel, chromium and optionally titanium on the metallic substrate. 41. The installation as recited in claim 38 wherein in the first section, the electron beam evaporation device includes a vacuum deposition chamber including an evaporation crucible incuding metal consisting of aluminum, a heating device and an electron gun. 42. The installation as recited in claim 38 wherein in the second section, the jet vapor evaporation device includes a vacuum deposition chamber including a vapor jet coater and at least one evaporation crucible suited to feed the vapor jet coater with a vapor comprising from 0.5 to 5.9% by weight of magnesium, the balance being zinc. | 1,700 |
342,807 | 16,642,550 | 1,735 | Provided is an apparatus for heating plastic preforms, with a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predefined transport path, wherein this transport device has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preform, and with at least one first heating section which is arranged along the transport path, and at least one second heating section which is arranged along the transport path downstream of the first heating section, wherein the heating sections each include a plurality of independently controllable heating elements which allow heating of the plastic preforms in several heating zones, lying above each other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, with a temperature profile which changes in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, wherein the apparatus includes a control device for controlling these heating sections. | 1. An apparatus for heating plastic preforms, with a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predefined transport path, wherein this transport device has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms, and with at least one first heating section which is arranged along the transport path, and at least one second heating section which is arranged along the transport path downstream of the first heating section, wherein the heating sections each include a plurality of independently controllable heating elements which allow heating of the plastic preforms in several heating zones, lying above each other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, with a temperature profile which changes in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, wherein the apparatus comprises a control device for controlling these heating sections, wherein the apparatus has an input device via which a user can predefine a set value for the individual heating zones, and a control device is provided which automatically actuates the individual heating elements taking account of a set value of at least one of the lamp power and a set value which is characteristic of the lamp power. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predefinable set values are absolute or relative percentage zone power levels. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predefinable set values are the energy levels introduced into at least one of the preform per zone and/or the preform temperatures to be achieved per zone. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a processor device is provided which is suitable and intended for determining the optimal set values of the individual heating elements for achieving a maximally long service life of the lamps. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a processor device and an algorithm determines the set values of the individual heating elements which are optimal for the most energy-efficient heating profile. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the input device allows the input of a plurality of set values for the individual heating zones. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a plurality of heating elements which are arranged successively along the transport path of the plastic preforms. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the heating elements of each heating section can be controlled independently of each other. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a first temperature measuring device which measures an actual temperature of the plastic preforms. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device controls a power of the heating elements between at least two limit values. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a second temperature measuring device for measuring a temperature of the plastic preforms. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein heating elements or groups of heating elements to be activated can be selected. 13. A method for heating plastic preforms, wherein a transport device transports the plastic preforms along a predefined transport path, wherein this transport device has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms, and wherein at least one first heating section, which is arranged along the transport path, and at least one second heating section, which is arranged along the transport path downstream of the first heating section, heat the plastic preforms, wherein the heating sections each comprise a plurality of independently controllable heating elements which allow heating of the plastic preforms in several heating zones, lying above each other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, with a temperature profile which changes in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, wherein a control device controls these heating elements, comprising the steps of: providing the apparatus with an input device via which the user can predefine a set value for a heating process, and with a processor device actuating the individual heating elements taking account of the set value, and actuating the individual heating elements taking into account a set value of at least one of the lamp power and a set value which is characteristic of the lamp power. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein a temperature of the plastic preforms is measured for at least part of the time. | Provided is an apparatus for heating plastic preforms, with a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predefined transport path, wherein this transport device has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preform, and with at least one first heating section which is arranged along the transport path, and at least one second heating section which is arranged along the transport path downstream of the first heating section, wherein the heating sections each include a plurality of independently controllable heating elements which allow heating of the plastic preforms in several heating zones, lying above each other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, with a temperature profile which changes in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, wherein the apparatus includes a control device for controlling these heating sections.1. An apparatus for heating plastic preforms, with a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predefined transport path, wherein this transport device has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms, and with at least one first heating section which is arranged along the transport path, and at least one second heating section which is arranged along the transport path downstream of the first heating section, wherein the heating sections each include a plurality of independently controllable heating elements which allow heating of the plastic preforms in several heating zones, lying above each other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, with a temperature profile which changes in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, wherein the apparatus comprises a control device for controlling these heating sections, wherein the apparatus has an input device via which a user can predefine a set value for the individual heating zones, and a control device is provided which automatically actuates the individual heating elements taking account of a set value of at least one of the lamp power and a set value which is characteristic of the lamp power. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predefinable set values are absolute or relative percentage zone power levels. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predefinable set values are the energy levels introduced into at least one of the preform per zone and/or the preform temperatures to be achieved per zone. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a processor device is provided which is suitable and intended for determining the optimal set values of the individual heating elements for achieving a maximally long service life of the lamps. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a processor device and an algorithm determines the set values of the individual heating elements which are optimal for the most energy-efficient heating profile. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the input device allows the input of a plurality of set values for the individual heating zones. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a plurality of heating elements which are arranged successively along the transport path of the plastic preforms. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the heating elements of each heating section can be controlled independently of each other. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a first temperature measuring device which measures an actual temperature of the plastic preforms. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device controls a power of the heating elements between at least two limit values. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a second temperature measuring device for measuring a temperature of the plastic preforms. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein heating elements or groups of heating elements to be activated can be selected. 13. A method for heating plastic preforms, wherein a transport device transports the plastic preforms along a predefined transport path, wherein this transport device has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms, and wherein at least one first heating section, which is arranged along the transport path, and at least one second heating section, which is arranged along the transport path downstream of the first heating section, heat the plastic preforms, wherein the heating sections each comprise a plurality of independently controllable heating elements which allow heating of the plastic preforms in several heating zones, lying above each other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, with a temperature profile which changes in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, wherein a control device controls these heating elements, comprising the steps of: providing the apparatus with an input device via which the user can predefine a set value for a heating process, and with a processor device actuating the individual heating elements taking account of the set value, and actuating the individual heating elements taking into account a set value of at least one of the lamp power and a set value which is characteristic of the lamp power. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein a temperature of the plastic preforms is measured for at least part of the time. | 1,700 |
342,808 | 16,642,565 | 3,678 | The necessary dimensions are determined for a tank which comprises a pit for the storage and processing of solid household waste of organic origin while taking into account soil characteristics. The bottom of the pit and the side walls thereof are made of poured concrete, the concrete layer undergoes hydrolysis, and the bottom of the tank is made with a slope, wherein at the low point of the bottom of the tank, a water intake for collecting filtrate and water is installed, which is connected by a pump to a water purification filter. Along the perimeter of the tank, a pipe system for discharging biogas is installed which is connected to a biogas purification device. A portion of the solid household waste is loaded into the tank, covered with a water-impermeable material and covered over by a layer of soil. | 1. A method of storage and processing of a solid household waste of organic origin, comprising in designing a tank for storage and processing of the solid household waste of organic origin, taking into account characteristics of a soil, required dimensions of a pit for the tank, proximity to city limits;
then carrying out a construction of the specified tank, for which a bottom of the pit and its side walls are poured with concrete to obtain a reinforced concrete structure, waterproofing an obtained concrete layer, the bottom of the pit is made with a slope; installing a water inlet at the bottom of the tank to collect a filtrate and water, which is connected via a pump to a filter for water purification; installing a piping system along a perimeter of the tank to remove biogas, which is connected to a device for cleaning biogas from moisture and removing condensate and also to a biogas storage tank; loading a part of the solid household waste of organic origin into the tank, closing with a waterproof material and covering with a layer of soil; repeating indicated stages of loading parts of the waste and closing it until the tank is full; Afterwards, the resulting filtrate and rainwater are pumped out with a pump for subsequent processing; the resulting biogas is transferred through the piping system for biogas removal to a device for processing and purifying biogas from water and removing condensate for its further use; at the same time, a formation of biogas is monitored and, when it is completely stopped, a laboratory analysis of a decayed waste in the tank is carried out to confirm an absence of hazardous and harmful substances; then the tank is opened, the waste is removed and processed for future use. 2. A system for storage and processing of solid household waste of organic origin, comprising a tank for storage and processing of solid household waste of organic origin, which is a pit, side walls and a bottom of which are covered with a waterproof concrete; the bottom of the tank has a slope; at a lower point of the bottom of the tank there is a water inlet for collecting to filtrate and water, connected by means of a pump to a filter for water purification; around a perimeter of the tank there is a piping system of a mesh structure for removing biogas connected to a device for cleaning biogas from moisture and removing condensate and also to a device for storing biogas; wherein the mesh structure of the piping system is formed by a lower predominantly horizontal pipe extending in the lower part of the tank, an upper predominantly horizontal pipeline extending at an upper edge of the tank, and predominantly vertical pipelines located between said upper and lower pipelines; and mainly vertical pipelines have drainage sections covered with a first protective net and a second protective net with a layer of crushed stone located between them. | The necessary dimensions are determined for a tank which comprises a pit for the storage and processing of solid household waste of organic origin while taking into account soil characteristics. The bottom of the pit and the side walls thereof are made of poured concrete, the concrete layer undergoes hydrolysis, and the bottom of the tank is made with a slope, wherein at the low point of the bottom of the tank, a water intake for collecting filtrate and water is installed, which is connected by a pump to a water purification filter. Along the perimeter of the tank, a pipe system for discharging biogas is installed which is connected to a biogas purification device. A portion of the solid household waste is loaded into the tank, covered with a water-impermeable material and covered over by a layer of soil.1. A method of storage and processing of a solid household waste of organic origin, comprising in designing a tank for storage and processing of the solid household waste of organic origin, taking into account characteristics of a soil, required dimensions of a pit for the tank, proximity to city limits;
then carrying out a construction of the specified tank, for which a bottom of the pit and its side walls are poured with concrete to obtain a reinforced concrete structure, waterproofing an obtained concrete layer, the bottom of the pit is made with a slope; installing a water inlet at the bottom of the tank to collect a filtrate and water, which is connected via a pump to a filter for water purification; installing a piping system along a perimeter of the tank to remove biogas, which is connected to a device for cleaning biogas from moisture and removing condensate and also to a biogas storage tank; loading a part of the solid household waste of organic origin into the tank, closing with a waterproof material and covering with a layer of soil; repeating indicated stages of loading parts of the waste and closing it until the tank is full; Afterwards, the resulting filtrate and rainwater are pumped out with a pump for subsequent processing; the resulting biogas is transferred through the piping system for biogas removal to a device for processing and purifying biogas from water and removing condensate for its further use; at the same time, a formation of biogas is monitored and, when it is completely stopped, a laboratory analysis of a decayed waste in the tank is carried out to confirm an absence of hazardous and harmful substances; then the tank is opened, the waste is removed and processed for future use. 2. A system for storage and processing of solid household waste of organic origin, comprising a tank for storage and processing of solid household waste of organic origin, which is a pit, side walls and a bottom of which are covered with a waterproof concrete; the bottom of the tank has a slope; at a lower point of the bottom of the tank there is a water inlet for collecting to filtrate and water, connected by means of a pump to a filter for water purification; around a perimeter of the tank there is a piping system of a mesh structure for removing biogas connected to a device for cleaning biogas from moisture and removing condensate and also to a device for storing biogas; wherein the mesh structure of the piping system is formed by a lower predominantly horizontal pipe extending in the lower part of the tank, an upper predominantly horizontal pipeline extending at an upper edge of the tank, and predominantly vertical pipelines located between said upper and lower pipelines; and mainly vertical pipelines have drainage sections covered with a first protective net and a second protective net with a layer of crushed stone located between them. | 3,600 |
342,809 | 16,642,541 | 3,678 | This disclosure provides a hybrid well capping stack system that uses a lower ram blow-out preventer (BOP) coupled to a gate valve-based capping stack that has first and second flowlines where the first flowline has a gate valve and the second flowline has a gate valve. At least one of the first and second flowlines is located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central flow axis of a wellbore. | 1. A hybrid well capping stack system, comprising:
a first ram blow-out preventer (BOP) couplable to a mandrel of a wellbore and having first and second opposing ram heads positionable toward a center thereof to shut off a fluid flow of the wellbore when coupled to the mandrel of the wellbore; and a gate valve-based capping stack having a frame coupled to the first ram BOP adjacent the mandrel and having at least first and second flowlines coupled thereto, at least one of the at least first and second flowlines having a gate vale coupled thereto and wherein at least one of the at least first and second flowlines is located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore. 2. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, wherein the gate valve-based capping stack further includes a third flow line located between the at least first and second flowlines and having a gate valve coupled thereto, and wherein the at least first and second flowlines are located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore. 3. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, wherein the gate valve of the at least one of the at least first and second flowlines has a choke valve coupled thereto. 4. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 3, wherein each of the at least the first and second flowlines has a gate valve coupled thereto with a choke valve coupled to each of the gate valves. 5. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 4, wherein the gate valve of the first flowline is an first upper gate valve and the first flowline includes a first lower gate valve, and the gate valve of the second flowline is a second upper gate valve and the second flowline includes a second lower gate valve. 6. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, wherein a total flow diameter of the at least first and second flowlines is about 18 inches. 7. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, further comprising a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) interface located between the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 8. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, further including at least a second or third ram BOP sequentially coupled to each other and the first ram BOP adjacent the mandrel. 9. A hybrid well capping stack system, comprising:
a first annular connector that is couplable to a mandrel of a wellhead located adjacent a sea bed; a first ram blow-out-preventer (BOP) having first and second hydraulically activated opposing ram heads and a lower connecting mandrel that is coupable to the first annular connector; a second annular connector coupled to an upper connecting mandrel of the first ram BOP; a gate valve-based capping stack having a mandrel coupled to the second annular connector and having a frame with at least a first flowline, a second flowline, and a third flowline located between the first and second flowline, at least two of the first, second, and third flowlines having a gate vale coupled thereto and wherein the first flowline or second flowline are located to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central axis of the gate valve-based capping stack; and a control panel coupled to the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 10. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, wherein the gate valve-based capping stack provides electrical control signals, or acoustic control signals to the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 11. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, wherein the control panel includes an interface panel coupled to the gate valve-based capping stack and located between the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack and further includes a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) interface panel. 12. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, wherein the gate valve of the first flowline and the gate valve of the second flowline has a choke valve coupled thereto, and wherein the gate valve of the first flowline is an first upper gate valve and the first flowline includes a first lower gate valve, and the gate valve of the second flowline is a second upper gate valve and the second flowline includes a second lower gate valve. 13. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, further including at least a second ram BOP coupled to the first ram BOP and located between the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 14. A method of controlling a fluid flow of a wellbore, comprising:
coupling a hybrid well capping stack system to a mandrel of a wellbore, the coupling hybrid well capping stack system comprising:
at least one ram blow-out preventer (BOP), having first and second opposing ram heads positionable toward a central flow axis of the wellbore wherein the opposing ram heads of the ram BOP are in an open position; and
a gate valve-based capping stack having a frame coupled to the at least one ram BOP and having at least first and second flowlines coupled thereto, each of the first and second flowlines having a gate valve coupled thereto, wherein the gate valve is in an open position and the first and second flowlines are located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid emanating from the wellbore laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore;
sequentially closing the gate valve of the first and second flowlines; and closing the first ram BOP to shut off the fluid flow subsequent to sequentially closing the gate valve of the first and second flowlines. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising reducing the fluid flow through the gate valve-based capping stack with a choke valve coupled to at least one of the first and second flowlines, prior to sequentially closing the first and second flowlines. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the frame of the gate valve-based capping stack includes a third flowline having a gate valve coupled thereto and being located between the first and second flowlines, and the first and second flowlines are located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid emanating from the wellbore laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore, and sequentially closing includes closing the gate valve of the third flowline prior to sequentially closing the gate valve of the first and second flowlines. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein sequentially closing the gate valves of the first or second flowlines and closing the ram BOP includes transmitting control data from a controller to the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the gate valve of the first flowline is a first upper gate valve and the first flowline includes a first lower gate valve and the gate valve of the second flowline is a second upper gate valve and the second flowline includes a second lower gate valve, and the method further comprises sequentially closing the first upper gate valve and the first lower gate valve and then sequentially closing the second upper gate valve and the second lower gate valve. 19. The method of claim 14, further including removing the gate valve-based capping stack from the at least one ram BOP and attaching at least a second BOP to the at least one ram BOP. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein attaching the at least a second BOP includes attaching one or more sequentially coupled ram BOPs to the at least one ram BOP. | This disclosure provides a hybrid well capping stack system that uses a lower ram blow-out preventer (BOP) coupled to a gate valve-based capping stack that has first and second flowlines where the first flowline has a gate valve and the second flowline has a gate valve. At least one of the first and second flowlines is located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central flow axis of a wellbore.1. A hybrid well capping stack system, comprising:
a first ram blow-out preventer (BOP) couplable to a mandrel of a wellbore and having first and second opposing ram heads positionable toward a center thereof to shut off a fluid flow of the wellbore when coupled to the mandrel of the wellbore; and a gate valve-based capping stack having a frame coupled to the first ram BOP adjacent the mandrel and having at least first and second flowlines coupled thereto, at least one of the at least first and second flowlines having a gate vale coupled thereto and wherein at least one of the at least first and second flowlines is located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore. 2. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, wherein the gate valve-based capping stack further includes a third flow line located between the at least first and second flowlines and having a gate valve coupled thereto, and wherein the at least first and second flowlines are located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore. 3. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, wherein the gate valve of the at least one of the at least first and second flowlines has a choke valve coupled thereto. 4. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 3, wherein each of the at least the first and second flowlines has a gate valve coupled thereto with a choke valve coupled to each of the gate valves. 5. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 4, wherein the gate valve of the first flowline is an first upper gate valve and the first flowline includes a first lower gate valve, and the gate valve of the second flowline is a second upper gate valve and the second flowline includes a second lower gate valve. 6. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, wherein a total flow diameter of the at least first and second flowlines is about 18 inches. 7. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, further comprising a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) interface located between the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 8. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 1, further including at least a second or third ram BOP sequentially coupled to each other and the first ram BOP adjacent the mandrel. 9. A hybrid well capping stack system, comprising:
a first annular connector that is couplable to a mandrel of a wellhead located adjacent a sea bed; a first ram blow-out-preventer (BOP) having first and second hydraulically activated opposing ram heads and a lower connecting mandrel that is coupable to the first annular connector; a second annular connector coupled to an upper connecting mandrel of the first ram BOP; a gate valve-based capping stack having a mandrel coupled to the second annular connector and having a frame with at least a first flowline, a second flowline, and a third flowline located between the first and second flowline, at least two of the first, second, and third flowlines having a gate vale coupled thereto and wherein the first flowline or second flowline are located to divert a flow of fluid laterally from a central axis of the gate valve-based capping stack; and a control panel coupled to the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 10. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, wherein the gate valve-based capping stack provides electrical control signals, or acoustic control signals to the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 11. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, wherein the control panel includes an interface panel coupled to the gate valve-based capping stack and located between the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack and further includes a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) interface panel. 12. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, wherein the gate valve of the first flowline and the gate valve of the second flowline has a choke valve coupled thereto, and wherein the gate valve of the first flowline is an first upper gate valve and the first flowline includes a first lower gate valve, and the gate valve of the second flowline is a second upper gate valve and the second flowline includes a second lower gate valve. 13. The hybrid well capping stack system of claim 9, further including at least a second ram BOP coupled to the first ram BOP and located between the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 14. A method of controlling a fluid flow of a wellbore, comprising:
coupling a hybrid well capping stack system to a mandrel of a wellbore, the coupling hybrid well capping stack system comprising:
at least one ram blow-out preventer (BOP), having first and second opposing ram heads positionable toward a central flow axis of the wellbore wherein the opposing ram heads of the ram BOP are in an open position; and
a gate valve-based capping stack having a frame coupled to the at least one ram BOP and having at least first and second flowlines coupled thereto, each of the first and second flowlines having a gate valve coupled thereto, wherein the gate valve is in an open position and the first and second flowlines are located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid emanating from the wellbore laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore;
sequentially closing the gate valve of the first and second flowlines; and closing the first ram BOP to shut off the fluid flow subsequent to sequentially closing the gate valve of the first and second flowlines. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising reducing the fluid flow through the gate valve-based capping stack with a choke valve coupled to at least one of the first and second flowlines, prior to sequentially closing the first and second flowlines. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the frame of the gate valve-based capping stack includes a third flowline having a gate valve coupled thereto and being located between the first and second flowlines, and the first and second flowlines are located on the frame to divert a flow of fluid emanating from the wellbore laterally from a central flow axis of the wellbore, and sequentially closing includes closing the gate valve of the third flowline prior to sequentially closing the gate valve of the first and second flowlines. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein sequentially closing the gate valves of the first or second flowlines and closing the ram BOP includes transmitting control data from a controller to the first ram BOP and the gate valve-based capping stack. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the gate valve of the first flowline is a first upper gate valve and the first flowline includes a first lower gate valve and the gate valve of the second flowline is a second upper gate valve and the second flowline includes a second lower gate valve, and the method further comprises sequentially closing the first upper gate valve and the first lower gate valve and then sequentially closing the second upper gate valve and the second lower gate valve. 19. The method of claim 14, further including removing the gate valve-based capping stack from the at least one ram BOP and attaching at least a second BOP to the at least one ram BOP. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein attaching the at least a second BOP includes attaching one or more sequentially coupled ram BOPs to the at least one ram BOP. | 3,600 |
342,810 | 16,642,543 | 3,678 | Provided is a tire structure technology with which, even in the case of a tire having an electronic component provided therein, damage and deformation of the electronic component caused by impact loads, etc., during road surface travel can be suppressed and sufficient reading performance can be maintained. A pneumatic tire in which an electronic component is provided at a position farther outward in a tire axial direction than a carcass, wherein, in a tire rubber member that has the greatest E*(50° C.) at 50° C. among tire rubber members positioned inward in the tire axial direction from the position where the electronic component is provided, E*(50° C.) at 50° and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula. E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥0.9 | 1-4. (canceled) 5. A pneumatic tire provided with an electronic component at a position outer side of the carcass in the tire axial direction,
wherein E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. of the rubber member for a tire having the largest E*(50° C.) at 50° C., among rubber members for a tire located inward in the tire axial direction from a position where the electronic component is provided, satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥0.90. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥0.95. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 6, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥1.00. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≤1.2. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≤1.15. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the electronic component is located outer side of the carcass in the tire axial direction in the cross-sectional view, and embedded at a position of 20 to 80% from the bottom of bead core with respect to the distance from the position of the maximum tire width to the bottom of bead core in the equatorial direction. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the electronic component is RFID. | Provided is a tire structure technology with which, even in the case of a tire having an electronic component provided therein, damage and deformation of the electronic component caused by impact loads, etc., during road surface travel can be suppressed and sufficient reading performance can be maintained. A pneumatic tire in which an electronic component is provided at a position farther outward in a tire axial direction than a carcass, wherein, in a tire rubber member that has the greatest E*(50° C.) at 50° C. among tire rubber members positioned inward in the tire axial direction from the position where the electronic component is provided, E*(50° C.) at 50° and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula. E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥0.91-4. (canceled) 5. A pneumatic tire provided with an electronic component at a position outer side of the carcass in the tire axial direction,
wherein E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. of the rubber member for a tire having the largest E*(50° C.) at 50° C., among rubber members for a tire located inward in the tire axial direction from a position where the electronic component is provided, satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥0.90. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥0.95. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 6, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≥1.00. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≤1.2. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein the E*(50° C.) at 50° C. and E*(150° C.) at 150° C. satisfy the following formula:
E*(150° C.)/E*(50° C.)≤1.15. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the electronic component is located outer side of the carcass in the tire axial direction in the cross-sectional view, and embedded at a position of 20 to 80% from the bottom of bead core with respect to the distance from the position of the maximum tire width to the bottom of bead core in the equatorial direction. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the electronic component is RFID. | 3,600 |
342,811 | 16,642,538 | 2,665 | A playing surface monitoring system, comprising a playing surface; an image capture unit arranged for capturing images of at least part of the playing surface and persons or objects thereon; processing means for detecting said persons or objects and their relative location on the playing surface; means for discriminating between persons using the pitch and objects used for maintenance of the playing surface, and means for using the determined information for determining density of use and/or maintenance of the playing surface or one more parts thereof over a period of time. | 1. A playing surface monitoring system, comprising a playing surface;
an image capture unit arranged for capturing images of at least part of the playing surface and persons or objects thereon; processing means for detecting said persons or objects and their relative location on the playing surface; means for discriminating between persons using the playing surface and objects used for maintenance of the playing surface, and means for using the determined information for determining density of use and/or maintenance of the playing surface over a period of time, the system comprising means for determining density of use of the playing surface or one or more parts thereof, and maintenance operations being performed, over a period of time, to determine whether the playing surface is being correctly maintained. 2. The system as claimed in claim 1 including means for presenting the density information to a local or remote user. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the processing means is configured to monitor density of use by persons and maintenance operations formed by maintenance apparatus and to distinguish between these such that use data, and maintenance data, are obtained. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein pixel data is obtained and comprising a processing means configured to analyse pixel data in order to distinguish between persons and other objects. 5. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the image capture unit is a camera. 6. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the image capture unit comprises means for capturing a pixel image of persons or other devices in one or more predetermined areas of the playing surface; means for identifying and classifying the or each object within the image via neural network processing using the pixel data to generate an object type; determining location coordinates for the or each object type and creating an array of object type and location coordinates over time to thereby monitor use and/or maintenance of the/or each monitored part of the playing surface over time. 7. A method of use of the system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the neural network is arranged for use in a set-up phase, a training phase and an operation phase. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein in the method the set-up phase includes means for inputting an initial set of images and labelling each or a selection of these images; and the training phase comprises using the capture unit to obtain one or more images, and applying the neural network to generate one or more trial labels to objects found in the images; checking the assigned label for errors and using errors to adjust parameters set in the neural network and then repeating the labelling steps one or a plurality of times to reduce errors. 9. The method as claimed in claim wherein in the training phase the labelling and error detect and parameter adjusting steps are repeated a plurality of times until a desired level of confidence is achieved. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein during a third operation phase of the neural network a single image is obtained from the image capture means, is applied to the neural network and the neural network applies labels to each of set of pixels it considers to be an object. 11. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein individual pixels are classified by the neural network processor and are grouped to form a classified object type. 12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the classified pixels are generated using an initial library of still images to create a machine learning model which is compared with each pixel to thereby classify the pixel. 13. The method as claimed in claim 4-7 wherein a plurality of image capture devices are provided to monitor parts of a playing surface, a plurality of playing surfaces or a plurality of playing surfaces at a remote location, each image capture device being associated with a means for transmitting data to a central monitoring station. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the central monitoring data receives data from or each image capture unit and is provided with software for analysing and/or displaying this data to a user. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the/or each capture unit communicates with the central control unit to a communications link. 16. A method of monitoring use and maintenance of a playing surface, comprising the steps of: providing a system as claimed in claim 1, and using the monitored information representative of density of use and maintenance to monitor use and maintenance of the playing surface over a period of time. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) | A playing surface monitoring system, comprising a playing surface; an image capture unit arranged for capturing images of at least part of the playing surface and persons or objects thereon; processing means for detecting said persons or objects and their relative location on the playing surface; means for discriminating between persons using the pitch and objects used for maintenance of the playing surface, and means for using the determined information for determining density of use and/or maintenance of the playing surface or one more parts thereof over a period of time.1. A playing surface monitoring system, comprising a playing surface;
an image capture unit arranged for capturing images of at least part of the playing surface and persons or objects thereon; processing means for detecting said persons or objects and their relative location on the playing surface; means for discriminating between persons using the playing surface and objects used for maintenance of the playing surface, and means for using the determined information for determining density of use and/or maintenance of the playing surface over a period of time, the system comprising means for determining density of use of the playing surface or one or more parts thereof, and maintenance operations being performed, over a period of time, to determine whether the playing surface is being correctly maintained. 2. The system as claimed in claim 1 including means for presenting the density information to a local or remote user. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the processing means is configured to monitor density of use by persons and maintenance operations formed by maintenance apparatus and to distinguish between these such that use data, and maintenance data, are obtained. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein pixel data is obtained and comprising a processing means configured to analyse pixel data in order to distinguish between persons and other objects. 5. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the image capture unit is a camera. 6. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the image capture unit comprises means for capturing a pixel image of persons or other devices in one or more predetermined areas of the playing surface; means for identifying and classifying the or each object within the image via neural network processing using the pixel data to generate an object type; determining location coordinates for the or each object type and creating an array of object type and location coordinates over time to thereby monitor use and/or maintenance of the/or each monitored part of the playing surface over time. 7. A method of use of the system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the neural network is arranged for use in a set-up phase, a training phase and an operation phase. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein in the method the set-up phase includes means for inputting an initial set of images and labelling each or a selection of these images; and the training phase comprises using the capture unit to obtain one or more images, and applying the neural network to generate one or more trial labels to objects found in the images; checking the assigned label for errors and using errors to adjust parameters set in the neural network and then repeating the labelling steps one or a plurality of times to reduce errors. 9. The method as claimed in claim wherein in the training phase the labelling and error detect and parameter adjusting steps are repeated a plurality of times until a desired level of confidence is achieved. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein during a third operation phase of the neural network a single image is obtained from the image capture means, is applied to the neural network and the neural network applies labels to each of set of pixels it considers to be an object. 11. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein individual pixels are classified by the neural network processor and are grouped to form a classified object type. 12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the classified pixels are generated using an initial library of still images to create a machine learning model which is compared with each pixel to thereby classify the pixel. 13. The method as claimed in claim 4-7 wherein a plurality of image capture devices are provided to monitor parts of a playing surface, a plurality of playing surfaces or a plurality of playing surfaces at a remote location, each image capture device being associated with a means for transmitting data to a central monitoring station. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the central monitoring data receives data from or each image capture unit and is provided with software for analysing and/or displaying this data to a user. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the/or each capture unit communicates with the central control unit to a communications link. 16. A method of monitoring use and maintenance of a playing surface, comprising the steps of: providing a system as claimed in claim 1, and using the monitored information representative of density of use and maintenance to monitor use and maintenance of the playing surface over a period of time. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) | 2,600 |
342,812 | 16,642,529 | 2,665 | Provided are m-diamide compounds and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The m-diamide compounds have a structure represented by formula I. The m-diamide compounds of the present invention can have a high insecticidal activity at a low dose and take effect rapidly, can exert the insecticidal activity one day after application, can achieve a high insecticidal activity within three days, and have a good fast-acting property; moreover, due to the good effect at a low dose, the m-diamide compounds can reduce the damage to plants and human beings caused by excessive drug concentrations, enable less drug residue to be generated during application which is more conducive to environmental protection, and have broad application prospects. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to Formula I: 12. The meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of F and OCH3; R2 is F. 13. The meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein:
Z is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, difluoromethoxyl, trifluoromethoxyl, methylsulfinyl, trifluoromethyl sulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl sulfonyl; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, methyl, i-propyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoroisopropyl; and trifluoromethoxyl; Y2 is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl; and heptafluoroisopropyl; R1 is selected from the group consisting of F or methoxyl; R2 is F; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, monochloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, perfluorocyclopropyl, perfluoro cyclobutyl, and perfluorocyclopentyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl; W1 and W2 are independently of each other O; Z is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxyl, methylsulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl sulfonyl; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of Br and I; Y2 is trifluoromethyl group; R1 is selected from the group consisting of F and methoxyl; R2 is F; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and cyclopropyl; and R4 is selected from the group consisting of H and Cl. 14. The meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein the meta-bisamide derivative is selected from any one of the compounds below, or a combination of at least two thereof:
N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(dicyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(dicyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-iodo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-iodobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-iodo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-iodobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)ethyl)-4-cyanobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; or N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide. 15. The tautomers, enantiomers, diasteromers or salts of the meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound of claim 11. 16. An intermediate for preparing the meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein the intermediate is characterized by a structure as shown in Formula VIII 17. An insecticidal composition, characterized in comprising active ingredient(s) and acceptable carrier in agriculture, wherein the active ingredient(s) comprises the meta-carboxamido benzamide compound of claim 11, or the tautomers, enantiomers, diasteromers or salts thereof. 18. The insecticidal composition according to claim 17, wherein the weight percentage of the active ingredient(s) is 1%-99%. 19. A method for controlling insects, characterized in applying effective concentration of the meta-carboxamido benzamide compound of claim 11, or the tautomers, enantiomers, diasteromers or salts thereof, to insects or their habitat. 20. The method for controlling insects according to claim 19, wherein the effective concentration is within the range from 10 g/ha to 1000 g/ha, and the preferred effective concentration is within a range from 25 g/ha to 500 g/ha. 21. A method for controlling insects, characterized in applying effective concentration of the insecticidal composition of claim 17 to insects or their habitat. | Provided are m-diamide compounds and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The m-diamide compounds have a structure represented by formula I. The m-diamide compounds of the present invention can have a high insecticidal activity at a low dose and take effect rapidly, can exert the insecticidal activity one day after application, can achieve a high insecticidal activity within three days, and have a good fast-acting property; moreover, due to the good effect at a low dose, the m-diamide compounds can reduce the damage to plants and human beings caused by excessive drug concentrations, enable less drug residue to be generated during application which is more conducive to environmental protection, and have broad application prospects.1-10. (canceled) 11. A meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to Formula I: 12. The meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of F and OCH3; R2 is F. 13. The meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein:
Z is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, difluoromethoxyl, trifluoromethoxyl, methylsulfinyl, trifluoromethyl sulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl sulfonyl; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, methyl, i-propyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoroisopropyl; and trifluoromethoxyl; Y2 is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl; and heptafluoroisopropyl; R1 is selected from the group consisting of F or methoxyl; R2 is F; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, monochloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, perfluorocyclopropyl, perfluoro cyclobutyl, and perfluorocyclopentyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl; W1 and W2 are independently of each other O; Z is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxyl, methylsulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl sulfonyl; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of Br and I; Y2 is trifluoromethyl group; R1 is selected from the group consisting of F and methoxyl; R2 is F; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and cyclopropyl; and R4 is selected from the group consisting of H and Cl. 14. The meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein the meta-bisamide derivative is selected from any one of the compounds below, or a combination of at least two thereof:
N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(dicyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyano-N-(dicyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-iodo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-bromo-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-iodobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-iodo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-iodobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)ethyl)-4-cyanobenzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide; or N-(2-bromo-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamido)-2-fluorobenzamide. 15. The tautomers, enantiomers, diasteromers or salts of the meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound of claim 11. 16. An intermediate for preparing the meta-carboxamido benzamide derivative compound according to claim 11, wherein the intermediate is characterized by a structure as shown in Formula VIII 17. An insecticidal composition, characterized in comprising active ingredient(s) and acceptable carrier in agriculture, wherein the active ingredient(s) comprises the meta-carboxamido benzamide compound of claim 11, or the tautomers, enantiomers, diasteromers or salts thereof. 18. The insecticidal composition according to claim 17, wherein the weight percentage of the active ingredient(s) is 1%-99%. 19. A method for controlling insects, characterized in applying effective concentration of the meta-carboxamido benzamide compound of claim 11, or the tautomers, enantiomers, diasteromers or salts thereof, to insects or their habitat. 20. The method for controlling insects according to claim 19, wherein the effective concentration is within the range from 10 g/ha to 1000 g/ha, and the preferred effective concentration is within a range from 25 g/ha to 500 g/ha. 21. A method for controlling insects, characterized in applying effective concentration of the insecticidal composition of claim 17 to insects or their habitat. | 2,600 |
342,813 | 16,642,557 | 2,665 | Provided herein are compositions and methods for increasing butyrate production in a subject. In particular, provided herein are compositions, probiotic compositions, and combinations thereof that promote butyrate production in a subject. | 1. A method of increasing butyrate levels in the intestine of a subject, comprising:
administering a carbohydrate source and at least one first bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium seq 176, sequence 100, and Ruminococcus bromii. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bifidobacterium spp. is Bifidobacterium faecale. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of administering a second bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia spp., Eubacterium halii, and Anaerostipes hadrus. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said Roseburia spp. is selected from the group consisting of Roseburia faecis, Roseburia intestinalis, and Roseburia inulinivorans. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbodydrate source is a resistant starch. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said resistant starch is selected from the group consisting of corn, a corn product, potato, green banana starch, potato starch, and inulin. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second bacteria are encapsulated. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbohydrate source and said first and second bacteria are administered in the same or different compositions. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria are administered orally. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria are administered rectally. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria are in a suppository. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said subject is a human. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said butyrate is increased relative to a control selected from the group consisting of the level in an individual not administered said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria, the level in an individual diagnosed with a disease or conditions related to low butyrate levels, and an sub-optimal level of butyrate. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said increased levels of butyrate result in a decrease in signs or symptoms of a disease or condition associated with low levels of butyrate. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, and graft versus host disease. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said Clostridium seq 176 has a 16S rRNA V4 region sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or sequences at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:1. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said sequence 100 has a 16S rRNA V4 region sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or sequences at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:2. 18. A method of treating or preventing a disease or condition associated with low levels of butyrate, comprising:
administering a carbohydrate source and at least one first bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium seq 176, sequence 100, and Ruminococcus bromii. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said Bifidobacterium spp. is Bifidobacterium faecale. 20-34. (canceled) 35. A composition, comprising:
a carbohydrate source and at least one first bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium seq 176, sequence 100, and Ruminococcus bromii. 36-45. (canceled) | Provided herein are compositions and methods for increasing butyrate production in a subject. In particular, provided herein are compositions, probiotic compositions, and combinations thereof that promote butyrate production in a subject.1. A method of increasing butyrate levels in the intestine of a subject, comprising:
administering a carbohydrate source and at least one first bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium seq 176, sequence 100, and Ruminococcus bromii. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bifidobacterium spp. is Bifidobacterium faecale. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of administering a second bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia spp., Eubacterium halii, and Anaerostipes hadrus. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said Roseburia spp. is selected from the group consisting of Roseburia faecis, Roseburia intestinalis, and Roseburia inulinivorans. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbodydrate source is a resistant starch. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said resistant starch is selected from the group consisting of corn, a corn product, potato, green banana starch, potato starch, and inulin. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second bacteria are encapsulated. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbohydrate source and said first and second bacteria are administered in the same or different compositions. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria are administered orally. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria are administered rectally. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria are in a suppository. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said subject is a human. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said butyrate is increased relative to a control selected from the group consisting of the level in an individual not administered said carbohydrate and said first and second bacteria, the level in an individual diagnosed with a disease or conditions related to low butyrate levels, and an sub-optimal level of butyrate. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said increased levels of butyrate result in a decrease in signs or symptoms of a disease or condition associated with low levels of butyrate. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, and graft versus host disease. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said Clostridium seq 176 has a 16S rRNA V4 region sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or sequences at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:1. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said sequence 100 has a 16S rRNA V4 region sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or sequences at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:2. 18. A method of treating or preventing a disease or condition associated with low levels of butyrate, comprising:
administering a carbohydrate source and at least one first bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium seq 176, sequence 100, and Ruminococcus bromii. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said Bifidobacterium spp. is Bifidobacterium faecale. 20-34. (canceled) 35. A composition, comprising:
a carbohydrate source and at least one first bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the taxons identified as Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium seq 176, sequence 100, and Ruminococcus bromii. 36-45. (canceled) | 2,600 |
342,814 | 16,642,479 | 2,665 | Methods in which targeted SEPHS2 disruption/inhibition and/or administration of selenite are used, e.g., in cancers that express SLC7A11. | 1. A method of treating a cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of SEPHS2, wherein the inhibitor of SEPHS2 is an inhibitory nucleic acid, preferably selected from the group consisting of an antisense, siRNA, or LNA targeting a SEPHS2 nucleic acid, and a CRISPR/Cas9 complex targeting a SEPHS2 gene. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid is a CRISPR/Cas9 complex targeting a SEPHS2 gene delivered via AAV or as a ribonucleoprotein complex. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is a brain cancer, breast cancer, or renal cancer. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a treatment comprising administration of selenite to the subject. 5. A method of determining whether a subject who has cancer is likely to respond to a treatment comprising administration of selenite, and optionally selecting a subject who has cancer for treatment with selenite, the method comprising:
determining a level of SLC7A11 expression in a sample comprising cancer cells from the subject; comparing the level of SLC7A11 in the sample to a reference level, wherein the presence of a level of SLC7A11 in the sample above the reference level indicates that the subject is likely to respond to a treatment comprising administration of selenite; and optionally selecting the subject for a treatment comprising administration of selenite. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising administering a treatment comprising administration of selenite to the subject who has a level of SLC7A11 in the sample above the reference level. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of SEPHS2, wherein the inhibitor of SEPHS2 is an inhibitory nucleic acid, preferably selected from the group consisting of an antisense, siRNA, or LNA targeting a SEPHS2 nucleic acid, and a CRISPR/Cas9 complex targeting a SEPHS2 gene. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the cancer is a brain cancer, breast cancer, or renal cancer. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. A method of detecting hydrogen selenide gas in a sample, the method comprising:
providing a sample suspected of comprising or producing hydrogen selenide gas; contacting the sample with a composition comprising a detection reagent selected from the group consisting of a metal nitrate, chloride, or acetate, wherein the metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Pb2+, Ag2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+; and detecting the presence of hydrogen selenide gas by measuring a change in the detection reagent. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the detection reagent is embedded in a matrix. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix comprises gelatin, starch, polyethylene glycol, or polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP). 17. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the presence of hydrogen selenide gas comprises using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 18. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the presence of hydrogen selenide gas comprises measuring a change in the color of the detection reagent. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is in a multiwell plate, and the detection reagent is present on a cover of the plate. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is a biological sample, preferably a sample comprising cultured cells, optionally cultured cancer cells. 21. A multiwell plate for use in a method of detecting presence or production of hydrogen selenide gas comprising a plurality of wells and a cover, wherein the cover comprises a coating comprising a detection reagent selected from the group consisting of a metal nitrate, chloride, or acetate, wherein the metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Pb2+, Ag2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, wherein the detection reagent is embedded in a matrix. 22. The multiwell plate for the use of claim 20, wherein the matrix comprises gelatin, starch, polyethylene glycol, or polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP). | Methods in which targeted SEPHS2 disruption/inhibition and/or administration of selenite are used, e.g., in cancers that express SLC7A11.1. A method of treating a cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of SEPHS2, wherein the inhibitor of SEPHS2 is an inhibitory nucleic acid, preferably selected from the group consisting of an antisense, siRNA, or LNA targeting a SEPHS2 nucleic acid, and a CRISPR/Cas9 complex targeting a SEPHS2 gene. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid is a CRISPR/Cas9 complex targeting a SEPHS2 gene delivered via AAV or as a ribonucleoprotein complex. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is a brain cancer, breast cancer, or renal cancer. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a treatment comprising administration of selenite to the subject. 5. A method of determining whether a subject who has cancer is likely to respond to a treatment comprising administration of selenite, and optionally selecting a subject who has cancer for treatment with selenite, the method comprising:
determining a level of SLC7A11 expression in a sample comprising cancer cells from the subject; comparing the level of SLC7A11 in the sample to a reference level, wherein the presence of a level of SLC7A11 in the sample above the reference level indicates that the subject is likely to respond to a treatment comprising administration of selenite; and optionally selecting the subject for a treatment comprising administration of selenite. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising administering a treatment comprising administration of selenite to the subject who has a level of SLC7A11 in the sample above the reference level. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of SEPHS2, wherein the inhibitor of SEPHS2 is an inhibitory nucleic acid, preferably selected from the group consisting of an antisense, siRNA, or LNA targeting a SEPHS2 nucleic acid, and a CRISPR/Cas9 complex targeting a SEPHS2 gene. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the cancer is a brain cancer, breast cancer, or renal cancer. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. A method of detecting hydrogen selenide gas in a sample, the method comprising:
providing a sample suspected of comprising or producing hydrogen selenide gas; contacting the sample with a composition comprising a detection reagent selected from the group consisting of a metal nitrate, chloride, or acetate, wherein the metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Pb2+, Ag2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+; and detecting the presence of hydrogen selenide gas by measuring a change in the detection reagent. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the detection reagent is embedded in a matrix. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix comprises gelatin, starch, polyethylene glycol, or polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP). 17. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the presence of hydrogen selenide gas comprises using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 18. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the presence of hydrogen selenide gas comprises measuring a change in the color of the detection reagent. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is in a multiwell plate, and the detection reagent is present on a cover of the plate. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is a biological sample, preferably a sample comprising cultured cells, optionally cultured cancer cells. 21. A multiwell plate for use in a method of detecting presence or production of hydrogen selenide gas comprising a plurality of wells and a cover, wherein the cover comprises a coating comprising a detection reagent selected from the group consisting of a metal nitrate, chloride, or acetate, wherein the metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of Pb2+, Ag2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, wherein the detection reagent is embedded in a matrix. 22. The multiwell plate for the use of claim 20, wherein the matrix comprises gelatin, starch, polyethylene glycol, or polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP). | 2,600 |
342,815 | 16,642,532 | 2,665 | A cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin having a smectic structure; a cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin not having a smectic structure; an epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a molecular chain with a molecular weight of 100 or more; and an epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more. | 1: A cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin having a smectic structure. 2: A cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin not having a smectic structure. 3: An epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a molecular chain with a molecular weight of 100 or more. 4: An epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more. 5: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent has at least two functional groups and the molecular chain or the flexible backbone is disposed between the at least two functional groups. 6: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the molecular chain or the flexible backbone includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an alkyleneoxy group and a siloxane bond. 7: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent includes an amine compound. 8: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent includes an aromatic amine compound. 9: The epoxy resin composition according to claim 3, having a fracture toughness of higher than 1.8 MPa·m1/2 in a cured state. 10: The epoxy resin composition according to claim 3, having a glass transition temperature of higher than 120° C. in a cured state. 11: The epoxy resin composition according to claim 3, having a total light transmittance of higher than 60%. 12: A cured epoxy resin that is a cured product of the epoxy resin composition according to claim 3. 13: A molded article, comprising the cured epoxy resin according to claim 1. 14: A composite material, comprising the cured epoxy resin according to claim 1 and a reinforcing material. 15: The composite material, according to claim 14, having at least one cured product-containing layer that comprises the cured epoxy resin, and at least one reinforcing material-containing layer that comprises the reinforcing material. | A cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin having a smectic structure; a cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin not having a smectic structure; an epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a molecular chain with a molecular weight of 100 or more; and an epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound having a mesogenic structure and a curing agent having a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more.1: A cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin having a smectic structure. 2: A cured epoxy resin, which is a cured product of an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a molecular chain or a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more, the cured epoxy resin not having a smectic structure. 3: An epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a molecular chain with a molecular weight of 100 or more. 4: An epoxy resin composition, comprising an epoxy compound that has a mesogenic structure and a curing agent that has a flexible backbone with a molecular weight of 100 or more. 5: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent has at least two functional groups and the molecular chain or the flexible backbone is disposed between the at least two functional groups. 6: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the molecular chain or the flexible backbone includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an alkyleneoxy group and a siloxane bond. 7: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent includes an amine compound. 8: The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent includes an aromatic amine compound. 9: The epoxy resin composition according to claim 3, having a fracture toughness of higher than 1.8 MPa·m1/2 in a cured state. 10: The epoxy resin composition according to claim 3, having a glass transition temperature of higher than 120° C. in a cured state. 11: The epoxy resin composition according to claim 3, having a total light transmittance of higher than 60%. 12: A cured epoxy resin that is a cured product of the epoxy resin composition according to claim 3. 13: A molded article, comprising the cured epoxy resin according to claim 1. 14: A composite material, comprising the cured epoxy resin according to claim 1 and a reinforcing material. 15: The composite material, according to claim 14, having at least one cured product-containing layer that comprises the cured epoxy resin, and at least one reinforcing material-containing layer that comprises the reinforcing material. | 2,600 |
342,816 | 16,642,522 | 2,665 | The present application provides a TFT, a manufacturing method thereof, and a sensor. The TFT includes a substrate, and a source, a drain and an active layer on the substrate. The active layer includes a microchannel, and the thin film transistor is configured to detect a sample in the microchannel. When a sample to be detected enters the microchannel, the electron distribution in the active layer would be affected, which causes fluctuations in the TFT characteristics. By detecting such fluctuations, detecting the composition and property of the liquid to be detected may be achieved. Moreover, by virtue of the microchannel, the sample may be precisely controlled. The impact of the external environment may be reduced and the detection accuracy can be enhanced. Continuous monitoring instead of one-time detection of the sample may be achieved and the sample detection efficiency may be improved. | 1. A thin film transistor, comprising:
a substrate, and a source, a drain and an active layer on the substrate, wherein the active layer comprises a first portion and a second portion arranged on the source and the drain respectively, and wherein the first portion and the second portion are at least partially spaced apart to form a microchannel between the first portion and the second portion. 2. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises:
a gate and a gate insulating layer, wherein the gate, the gate insulating layer, the source, the drain and the active layer are stacked on the substrate successively, and wherein at least a portion of the gate insulating layer serves as a bottom of the microchannel. 3. The thin film transistor according to claim 1,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the active layer extend in a vertical direction facing away a main surface of the substrate, respectively, and wherein an area of a cross section of each of the first portion and the second portion parallel to the main surface of the substrate increases in the vertical direction so that a top of the first portion and a top of the second portion are connected to each other, such that the microchannel comprises a top-closed channel structure. 4. The thin film transistor according to claim 1,
wherein an orthographic projection of the first portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the source on the substrate, and wherein an orthographic projection of the second portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the drain on the substrate. 5. The thin film transistor according to claim 2,
wherein the active layer further comprises a third portion between the source and the drain, and wherein the third portion is in direct contact with the gate insulating layer and serves as the bottom of the microchannel. 6. The thin film transistor according to claim 1,
wherein a spacing between the source and the drain is greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers, and wherein the source and the drain both have a height offing greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers. 7. A sensor comprising the thin film transistor according to claim 1. 8. A method for manufacturing a thin film transistor, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a source and a drain on the substrate; and forming an active layer on the substrate on which the source and the drain are formed, wherein the active layer comprises a first portion and a second portion on the source and the drain respectively, and wherein the first portion and the second portion are at least partially spaced apart to form a microchannel between the first portion and the second portion. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the forming the active layer comprises:
by taking the source and the drain as growing points, forming the first portion and the second portion of the active layer on the substrate respectively by a sputtering process. 10. The method according to claim 9,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the active layer extend in a vertical direction facing away a main surface of the substrate, and wherein an area of a cross section of each of the first portion and the second portion parallel to the main surface of the substrate gradually increases in the vertical direction so that a top of the first portion and a top of the second portion are connected to each other, such that the microchannel comprises a top-closed channel structure. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
forming a gate and a gate insulating layer on the substrate prior to forming the source and the drain, wherein the forming the active layer further comprises forming a third portion of the active layer on the gate insulating layer with a material of the active layer, and wherein the third portion serves as a bottom of the microchannel. 12. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate and a gate insulating layer, wherein the gate, the gate insulating layer, the source, the drain and the active layer are stacked on the substrate successively, and wherein at least a portion of the gate insulating layer serves as a bottom of the microchannel. 13. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the active layer extend in a vertical direction facing away a main surface of the substrate, respectively, and wherein an area of a cross section of each of the first portion and the second portion parallel to the main surface of the substrate increases in the vertical direction so that a top of the first portion and a top of the second portion are connected to each other, such that the microchannel comprises a top-closed channel structure. 14. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein an orthographic projection of the first portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the source on the substrate, and wherein an orthographic projection of the second portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the drain on the substrate. 15. The sensor according to claim 12,
wherein the active layer further comprises a third portion between the source and the drain, and wherein the third portion is in direct contact with the gate insulating layer and serves as the bottom of the microchannel. 16. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein a spacing between the source and the drain is greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers, and wherein the source and the drain both have a height greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers. | The present application provides a TFT, a manufacturing method thereof, and a sensor. The TFT includes a substrate, and a source, a drain and an active layer on the substrate. The active layer includes a microchannel, and the thin film transistor is configured to detect a sample in the microchannel. When a sample to be detected enters the microchannel, the electron distribution in the active layer would be affected, which causes fluctuations in the TFT characteristics. By detecting such fluctuations, detecting the composition and property of the liquid to be detected may be achieved. Moreover, by virtue of the microchannel, the sample may be precisely controlled. The impact of the external environment may be reduced and the detection accuracy can be enhanced. Continuous monitoring instead of one-time detection of the sample may be achieved and the sample detection efficiency may be improved.1. A thin film transistor, comprising:
a substrate, and a source, a drain and an active layer on the substrate, wherein the active layer comprises a first portion and a second portion arranged on the source and the drain respectively, and wherein the first portion and the second portion are at least partially spaced apart to form a microchannel between the first portion and the second portion. 2. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises:
a gate and a gate insulating layer, wherein the gate, the gate insulating layer, the source, the drain and the active layer are stacked on the substrate successively, and wherein at least a portion of the gate insulating layer serves as a bottom of the microchannel. 3. The thin film transistor according to claim 1,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the active layer extend in a vertical direction facing away a main surface of the substrate, respectively, and wherein an area of a cross section of each of the first portion and the second portion parallel to the main surface of the substrate increases in the vertical direction so that a top of the first portion and a top of the second portion are connected to each other, such that the microchannel comprises a top-closed channel structure. 4. The thin film transistor according to claim 1,
wherein an orthographic projection of the first portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the source on the substrate, and wherein an orthographic projection of the second portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the drain on the substrate. 5. The thin film transistor according to claim 2,
wherein the active layer further comprises a third portion between the source and the drain, and wherein the third portion is in direct contact with the gate insulating layer and serves as the bottom of the microchannel. 6. The thin film transistor according to claim 1,
wherein a spacing between the source and the drain is greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers, and wherein the source and the drain both have a height offing greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers. 7. A sensor comprising the thin film transistor according to claim 1. 8. A method for manufacturing a thin film transistor, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a source and a drain on the substrate; and forming an active layer on the substrate on which the source and the drain are formed, wherein the active layer comprises a first portion and a second portion on the source and the drain respectively, and wherein the first portion and the second portion are at least partially spaced apart to form a microchannel between the first portion and the second portion. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the forming the active layer comprises:
by taking the source and the drain as growing points, forming the first portion and the second portion of the active layer on the substrate respectively by a sputtering process. 10. The method according to claim 9,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the active layer extend in a vertical direction facing away a main surface of the substrate, and wherein an area of a cross section of each of the first portion and the second portion parallel to the main surface of the substrate gradually increases in the vertical direction so that a top of the first portion and a top of the second portion are connected to each other, such that the microchannel comprises a top-closed channel structure. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
forming a gate and a gate insulating layer on the substrate prior to forming the source and the drain, wherein the forming the active layer further comprises forming a third portion of the active layer on the gate insulating layer with a material of the active layer, and wherein the third portion serves as a bottom of the microchannel. 12. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate and a gate insulating layer, wherein the gate, the gate insulating layer, the source, the drain and the active layer are stacked on the substrate successively, and wherein at least a portion of the gate insulating layer serves as a bottom of the microchannel. 13. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the active layer extend in a vertical direction facing away a main surface of the substrate, respectively, and wherein an area of a cross section of each of the first portion and the second portion parallel to the main surface of the substrate increases in the vertical direction so that a top of the first portion and a top of the second portion are connected to each other, such that the microchannel comprises a top-closed channel structure. 14. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein an orthographic projection of the first portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the source on the substrate, and wherein an orthographic projection of the second portion on the substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the drain on the substrate. 15. The sensor according to claim 12,
wherein the active layer further comprises a third portion between the source and the drain, and wherein the third portion is in direct contact with the gate insulating layer and serves as the bottom of the microchannel. 16. The sensor according to claim 7,
wherein a spacing between the source and the drain is greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers, and wherein the source and the drain both have a height greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 micrometers. | 2,600 |
342,817 | 16,642,534 | 2,665 | A base station allocates unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) preambles for use by UAV user equipment (UE) devices that are different from terrestrial preambles allocated for terrestrial UE devices. The UAV preambles can be allocated to different subscription levels, such that each UAV UE device can only use UAV preambles associated with the UAV UE device's subscription level. The UAV UE device transmits random access request message using the selected UAV preamble and the base station responds with a random access response message indicating whether access is granted to the UAV UE device. The base station can dynamically manage access to the base station by limiting the subscription levels that are associated with the UAV preambles. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), preamble information comprising a plurality of terrestrial preambles and a plurality of UAV preambles; selecting one of the UAV preambles as a selected UAV preamble; transmitting a random access message using the selected UAV preamble; and receiving, from the base station, a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of UAV preambles is associated with one of a plurality subscription levels, the selecting comprising selecting one of the UAV preambles associated with an assigned UAV subscription level assigned to the UAV. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preamble information is received within a SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) message. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising refraining from attempting to access the base station until the UAV preamble associated with the assigned UAV subscription level is provided. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a subscription level request message from the base station; and transmitting a subscription level response message comprising a subscription level associated with the UAV UE device. 6. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive preamble information comprising a plurality of terrestrial preambles and a plurality of UAV preambles; a controller configured to select one of the UAV preambles as a selected UAV preamble; and a transmitter configured to transmit a random access message using the selected UAV preamble, the receiver further configured to receive, form the base station, a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted to the UAV. 7. The UAV of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of UAV preambles is associated with one of a plurality subscription levels, the selecting comprising selecting one of the UAV preambles associated with an assigned UAV subscription level assigned to the UAV. 8. The UAV of claim 5, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the preamble information within a SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) message. 9. The UAV of claim 7, wherein the controller determines to attempt access the base station only when a UAV preamble associated with the assigned UAV subscription level is received. 10. A method comprising:
allocating a plurality of terrestrial preambles for use by terrestrial user equipment (UE) devices to attempt access to a base station; allocating a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) preambles for use by UAV UE devices to attempt access to the base station, each UAV preamble associated with a UAV subscription level of a plurality of UAV subscription levels; controlling access to the base station by UAV UE devices, at least partially, by allocating UAV preambles associated with less than all of the plurality of UAV subscription levels. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transmitting the terrestrial preambles and UAV preambles to terrestrial UE devices and UAV UE devices. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transmitting comprising:
transmitting the terrestrial preambles and UAV preambles in a SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) message. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein controlling access to the base station comprises restricting access to all UAV UE devices by not allocating any UAV preambles. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
allocating UAV preambles based on a level of available communication resources. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a random access message transmitted from a UAV device using a selected UAV preamble selected from the plurality of UAV preambles. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transmitting a subscription level request message to the UAV UE device; and receiving, from the UAV UE device, a subscription level response message comprising a subscription level associated with the UAV UE device. 18. A method comprising:
receiving, at an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE) device, preamble information comprising a dedicated UAV preamble associated with a subscription level of the UAV UE device; transmitting, to the base station, a random access request message using the dedicated UAV preamble; and receiving, from the base station, a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the preamble information comprises a validity timer for the dedicated UAV preamble, and wherein the random access request message is transmitted using the dedicated UAV preamble only of the validity timer has not expired. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the preamble information comprises a plurality of terrestrial preambles and a plurality of UAV preambles; and wherein the method further comprises:
selecting one of the UAV preambles as a selected UAV preamble; transmitting a random access request message using the selected UAV preamble. | A base station allocates unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) preambles for use by UAV user equipment (UE) devices that are different from terrestrial preambles allocated for terrestrial UE devices. The UAV preambles can be allocated to different subscription levels, such that each UAV UE device can only use UAV preambles associated with the UAV UE device's subscription level. The UAV UE device transmits random access request message using the selected UAV preamble and the base station responds with a random access response message indicating whether access is granted to the UAV UE device. The base station can dynamically manage access to the base station by limiting the subscription levels that are associated with the UAV preambles.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), preamble information comprising a plurality of terrestrial preambles and a plurality of UAV preambles; selecting one of the UAV preambles as a selected UAV preamble; transmitting a random access message using the selected UAV preamble; and receiving, from the base station, a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of UAV preambles is associated with one of a plurality subscription levels, the selecting comprising selecting one of the UAV preambles associated with an assigned UAV subscription level assigned to the UAV. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preamble information is received within a SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) message. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising refraining from attempting to access the base station until the UAV preamble associated with the assigned UAV subscription level is provided. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a subscription level request message from the base station; and transmitting a subscription level response message comprising a subscription level associated with the UAV UE device. 6. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive preamble information comprising a plurality of terrestrial preambles and a plurality of UAV preambles; a controller configured to select one of the UAV preambles as a selected UAV preamble; and a transmitter configured to transmit a random access message using the selected UAV preamble, the receiver further configured to receive, form the base station, a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted to the UAV. 7. The UAV of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of UAV preambles is associated with one of a plurality subscription levels, the selecting comprising selecting one of the UAV preambles associated with an assigned UAV subscription level assigned to the UAV. 8. The UAV of claim 5, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the preamble information within a SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) message. 9. The UAV of claim 7, wherein the controller determines to attempt access the base station only when a UAV preamble associated with the assigned UAV subscription level is received. 10. A method comprising:
allocating a plurality of terrestrial preambles for use by terrestrial user equipment (UE) devices to attempt access to a base station; allocating a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) preambles for use by UAV UE devices to attempt access to the base station, each UAV preamble associated with a UAV subscription level of a plurality of UAV subscription levels; controlling access to the base station by UAV UE devices, at least partially, by allocating UAV preambles associated with less than all of the plurality of UAV subscription levels. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transmitting the terrestrial preambles and UAV preambles to terrestrial UE devices and UAV UE devices. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transmitting comprising:
transmitting the terrestrial preambles and UAV preambles in a SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) message. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein controlling access to the base station comprises restricting access to all UAV UE devices by not allocating any UAV preambles. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
allocating UAV preambles based on a level of available communication resources. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a random access message transmitted from a UAV device using a selected UAV preamble selected from the plurality of UAV preambles. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transmitting a subscription level request message to the UAV UE device; and receiving, from the UAV UE device, a subscription level response message comprising a subscription level associated with the UAV UE device. 18. A method comprising:
receiving, at an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE) device, preamble information comprising a dedicated UAV preamble associated with a subscription level of the UAV UE device; transmitting, to the base station, a random access request message using the dedicated UAV preamble; and receiving, from the base station, a random access response message indicating whether access to the base station is granted. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the preamble information comprises a validity timer for the dedicated UAV preamble, and wherein the random access request message is transmitted using the dedicated UAV preamble only of the validity timer has not expired. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the preamble information comprises a plurality of terrestrial preambles and a plurality of UAV preambles; and wherein the method further comprises:
selecting one of the UAV preambles as a selected UAV preamble; transmitting a random access request message using the selected UAV preamble. | 2,600 |
342,818 | 16,642,575 | 1,748 | The invention relates to a method for the production of blocks of material of a polymerized dental composite material as well as to the blocks of material obtainable according to the method, in which (i) a polymerisable dental composite material is transferred into a pressure-resistant casting mould (100), (ii) a pressure in the range of 10 to 500 MPa is applied to the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould, and (iii) at least a part of the casting mould and/or the polymerisable material is heated in a defined manner to a temperature of 90 to 150° C. | 1. A method for the production of at least one block of material (3) of a polymerized dental composite material, in which
(i) a polymerisable dental composite material is transferred into a pressure-resistant casting mould (100), (ii) a pressure in the range of 10 to 500 MPa is applied to the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould, (iii) at least a part of the casting mould as well as the polymerisable material are heated in a defined manner to a temperature of 90 to 150° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould (100) is formed in multiple parts and comprises at least a) a bottom part (0) having at least one integral center part (1) having at least one mould cavity (2), as well as at least one top cover (7) or b) a bottom part (0), at least one center part (1) having at least one mould cavity (2), as well as at least one top cover (7). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould, the bottom part, the center part having at least one mould cavity and/or the top cover, each independently, are made of a metal, a metallic alloy, or a temperature-resistant plastic, or a temperature-resistant hybrid material. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which in (i.1) the polymerisable dental composite material being preheated to a temperature in the range of 25 to 50° C. is transferred into at least one mould cavity of the pressure resistant casting mould, and (i.2) at least one mould cavity filled with preheated composite material is obtained. 5. The method according to claim 1, in which
a) in (i.3) a top cover of the pressure-resistant casting mould is put onto the at least one mould cavity filled with preheated composite material, wherein at least one press punch (8) is arranged at the top cover, and the press punch as being a male part gears into a mould cavity (2) as being a female part of the casting mould (100), or b) in (i.1) a top cover of the pressure-resistant casting mould is put onto the at least one mould cavity filled with composite material, wherein preferably at least one press punch is arranged at the top cover, and the press punch as being a male part gears into the mould cavity as being a female part of the casting mould. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein (ii) a pressure in the range of 125 to 250 MPa is applied to the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein (iii) at least a part of the casting mould or the polymerisable material is heated in a defined manner for 0.1 to 60 seconds to a temperature of 110 to 150° C. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould is hot isostatically pressed and polymerized (HIPP). 9. (canceled) 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould is hot isostatically pressed and polymerized in a thermally-directed manner (HIPP). 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerisable dental composite material, comprises
(i) 70 to 85% by weight of an inorganic filler component comprising at least one dental glass, as well as optionally at least one amorphous metal oxide, (ii) 10 to 30% by weight of a mixture of at least two different urethane (meth)acrylates, (iii) 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one di-, tri-, tetra- or multi-functional monomer not being an urethane (meth)acrylate, (iv) 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one initiator, of an initiator system, as well as optionally of at least one stabilizer, and optionally of at least one pigment, wherein the total composition of the composite material amounts to 100% by weight. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein a block of material of a polymerized composite material is obtained, having a defect volume of 15·10−6% by volume to 14·10−4% by volume, based on the total block of material. 13. A pressure-resistant casting mould (100) for use in a method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould (100) is formed of multiple parts and comprises at least one bottom part (0), at least one center part (1) having at least one mould cavity (2), as well as at least one top cover (7). 14. The pressure-resistant casting mould according to claim 13, wherein the at least one mould cavity has a geometrical shape. 15. The pressure-resistant casting mould according to claim 13, wherein the at least one mould cavity (2) has an inner surface having a defined surface roughness with an average roughness value of Ra N3 to N9. 16. A block of material (3) obtainable according to a method according to claim 1, wherein the block of material of a polymerized composite material has a defect volume of 15·10−6% by volume to 14·10−4% by volume, based on the total block of material. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould (100) is formed in multiple parts and comprises at least a) a bottom part (0) having at least one integral center part (1) having at least two mould cavities (2), as well as at least one top cover (7) or b) a bottom part (0), at least one center part (1) having at least two mould cavities (2), as well as at least one top cover (7). | The invention relates to a method for the production of blocks of material of a polymerized dental composite material as well as to the blocks of material obtainable according to the method, in which (i) a polymerisable dental composite material is transferred into a pressure-resistant casting mould (100), (ii) a pressure in the range of 10 to 500 MPa is applied to the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould, and (iii) at least a part of the casting mould and/or the polymerisable material is heated in a defined manner to a temperature of 90 to 150° C.1. A method for the production of at least one block of material (3) of a polymerized dental composite material, in which
(i) a polymerisable dental composite material is transferred into a pressure-resistant casting mould (100), (ii) a pressure in the range of 10 to 500 MPa is applied to the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould, (iii) at least a part of the casting mould as well as the polymerisable material are heated in a defined manner to a temperature of 90 to 150° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould (100) is formed in multiple parts and comprises at least a) a bottom part (0) having at least one integral center part (1) having at least one mould cavity (2), as well as at least one top cover (7) or b) a bottom part (0), at least one center part (1) having at least one mould cavity (2), as well as at least one top cover (7). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould, the bottom part, the center part having at least one mould cavity and/or the top cover, each independently, are made of a metal, a metallic alloy, or a temperature-resistant plastic, or a temperature-resistant hybrid material. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which in (i.1) the polymerisable dental composite material being preheated to a temperature in the range of 25 to 50° C. is transferred into at least one mould cavity of the pressure resistant casting mould, and (i.2) at least one mould cavity filled with preheated composite material is obtained. 5. The method according to claim 1, in which
a) in (i.3) a top cover of the pressure-resistant casting mould is put onto the at least one mould cavity filled with preheated composite material, wherein at least one press punch (8) is arranged at the top cover, and the press punch as being a male part gears into a mould cavity (2) as being a female part of the casting mould (100), or b) in (i.1) a top cover of the pressure-resistant casting mould is put onto the at least one mould cavity filled with composite material, wherein preferably at least one press punch is arranged at the top cover, and the press punch as being a male part gears into the mould cavity as being a female part of the casting mould. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein (ii) a pressure in the range of 125 to 250 MPa is applied to the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein (iii) at least a part of the casting mould or the polymerisable material is heated in a defined manner for 0.1 to 60 seconds to a temperature of 110 to 150° C. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould is hot isostatically pressed and polymerized (HIPP). 9. (canceled) 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerisable dental composite material in the pressure-resistant casting mould is hot isostatically pressed and polymerized in a thermally-directed manner (HIPP). 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerisable dental composite material, comprises
(i) 70 to 85% by weight of an inorganic filler component comprising at least one dental glass, as well as optionally at least one amorphous metal oxide, (ii) 10 to 30% by weight of a mixture of at least two different urethane (meth)acrylates, (iii) 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one di-, tri-, tetra- or multi-functional monomer not being an urethane (meth)acrylate, (iv) 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one initiator, of an initiator system, as well as optionally of at least one stabilizer, and optionally of at least one pigment, wherein the total composition of the composite material amounts to 100% by weight. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein a block of material of a polymerized composite material is obtained, having a defect volume of 15·10−6% by volume to 14·10−4% by volume, based on the total block of material. 13. A pressure-resistant casting mould (100) for use in a method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould (100) is formed of multiple parts and comprises at least one bottom part (0), at least one center part (1) having at least one mould cavity (2), as well as at least one top cover (7). 14. The pressure-resistant casting mould according to claim 13, wherein the at least one mould cavity has a geometrical shape. 15. The pressure-resistant casting mould according to claim 13, wherein the at least one mould cavity (2) has an inner surface having a defined surface roughness with an average roughness value of Ra N3 to N9. 16. A block of material (3) obtainable according to a method according to claim 1, wherein the block of material of a polymerized composite material has a defect volume of 15·10−6% by volume to 14·10−4% by volume, based on the total block of material. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant casting mould (100) is formed in multiple parts and comprises at least a) a bottom part (0) having at least one integral center part (1) having at least two mould cavities (2), as well as at least one top cover (7) or b) a bottom part (0), at least one center part (1) having at least two mould cavities (2), as well as at least one top cover (7). | 1,700 |
342,819 | 16,642,535 | 2,637 | Techniques are disclosed for decoding light based communication (LBC) messages transmitted between a transmitter device and a receiver device. The receiver device includes a processor that executes a process to decode a received LBC message. The processor determines a moving average and removes the moving average to provide a second digital message (with the moving average removed), to account for any noises or interferences. The moving average may be determined using a length-preserving moving average. The peak location in the second digital message is identified and used as a start position for synchronization when the peak location is above the threshold. Sampling points are derived, and logical maximum and minimum values (1's and 0's) are assigned to one or more of the sampling points. The logical values are decoded to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the received LBC message. | 1. A method of decoding light-based digital messages, the method comprising:
receiving, at a sensor of a receiver device, a light-based digital message transmitted from a transmitter device; determining, by a processor of the receiver device, a moving average of the light-based digital message; removing, by the processor, the moving average from the light-based digital message to obtain a second light-based digital message, the second light-based digital message having a plurality of data points; determining, by the processor, a peak data point of the plurality of data points in the second light-based digital message having a maximum amplitude value; using, by the processor, the peak data point as a starting point for clock synchronization when the maximum amplitude value of the peak data point is above a threshold value; determining, by the processor, a plurality of sampling points using the starting point for clock synchronization; generating, by the processor, logical maximum or minimum values for at least some of the plurality of sampling points; and decoding, by the processor, the logical maximum or minimum values to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the light-based digital message. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing, by the processor, a received preamble of the second light-based digital message to a stored preamble in a local memory coupled to the processor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the plurality of sampling points is based on at least one parameter of the second light-based digital message, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of bit width, a number of bits in the light-based digital message, and a length of a preamble of the light-based digital message. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the moving average is a length-preserving moving average and determining the moving average of the light-based digital message comprises selecting a window size for the moving average based on at least one parameter of the light-based digital message. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a signal frequency of the light-based digital message and a waveform shape of the light-based digital message. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after removing the moving average from the light-based digital message, performing waveform expansion to generate an expanded light-based digital message by replacing one or more of the plurality of sampling points of the light-based digital message with a received maximum value or a received minimum value of the light-based digital message. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising performing waveform normalization on the expanded light-based digital message to obtain the second light-based digital signal, wherein waveform normalization comprises replacing the received maximum value and the received minimum value with, respectively, a specific first value and a specific second value. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the logical maximum or minimum values is performed by at least one of a matched-filter based detection and a transition based detection on the plurality of sampling points. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of an imaging sensor, a photo detector, and a matrix of photodetectors. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor receives a plurality of light-based digital messages transmitted from a plurality of transmitter devices, and the processor is configured to decode each of the plurality of light-based digital messages in parallel. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold value comprises a continuous valued indicator that computes a confidence level using the peak data point. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating, via a first communication interface of the receiver device, with a second communication interface of the transmitter device, via a wireless communication channel to allow for wireless communication distinct from the light-based digital message. 13. A receiver device used in light-based communication with a transmitter device, the receiver device comprising:
a sensor configured to receive a light-based digital message from the transmitter device; and a processor coupled to the sensor configured to decode the light-based digital message by:
determining a moving average of the light-based digital message;
removing the moving average from the light-based digital message to obtain a second light-based digital message, the second light-based digital message having a plurality of data points;
determining a peak data point of the plurality of data points in the second light-based digital message having a maximum amplitude value;
using the peak data point as a starting point for clock synchronization when the maximum amplitude value of the peak data point is above a threshold value;
determining a plurality of sampling points using the starting point for clock synchronization;
generating logical maximum or minimum values for at least some of the plurality of sampling points; and
decoding the logical maximum or minimum values to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the light-based digital message. 14. The receiver device of claim 13, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of an imaging sensor, a photo detector, and a matrix of photodetectors. 15. The receiver device of claim 13, further comprising a communication module coupled to the processor that is configured to establish a wireless communication channel with the transmitter device, the communication channel being distinct from a communication channel associated with the light-based digital message. 16. The receiver device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine if a modulation depth of the light-based digital message enables accurate decoding of the light-based digital message; and instruct the transmitter device, via the wireless communication channel, to increase the modulation depth of the light-based digital message in response to determining that the modulation depth does not enable accurate decoding of the light-based digital message. 17. A computer program product including one or more non-transitory machine readable mediums encoded with instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause a process to be carried out on a receiver device for decoding light-based digital messages, the process comprising:
receiving a light-based digital message transmitted from a transmitter device; determining a moving average of the light-based digital message; removing the moving average from the light-based digital message to obtain a second light-based digital message, the second light-based digital message having a plurality of data points; determining a peak data point of the plurality of data points in the second light-based digital message having a maximum amplitude value; using the peak data point as a starting point for clock synchronization when the maximum amplitude value of the peak data point is above a threshold value; determining a plurality of sampling points using the starting point for clock synchronization; generating logical maximum or minimum values for each of the plurality of sampling points; and decoding the logical maximum or minimum values to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the light-based digital message. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises, after removing the moving average from the light-based digital message, performing waveform expansion to generate an expanded light-based digital message by replacing each of the plurality of sampling points of the light-based digital message with a received maximum value or a received minimum value of the light-based digital message. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the process further comprises performing waveform normalization on the expanded light-based digital message to obtain the second light-based digital signal, wherein waveform normalization comprises replacing the received maximum value and the received minimum value with, respectively, a specific first value and a specific second value. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises communicating, via a first communication interface of the receiver device, with a second communication interface of the transmitter device, via a wireless communication path to allow for wireless communication distinct from a light-based digital message path. | Techniques are disclosed for decoding light based communication (LBC) messages transmitted between a transmitter device and a receiver device. The receiver device includes a processor that executes a process to decode a received LBC message. The processor determines a moving average and removes the moving average to provide a second digital message (with the moving average removed), to account for any noises or interferences. The moving average may be determined using a length-preserving moving average. The peak location in the second digital message is identified and used as a start position for synchronization when the peak location is above the threshold. Sampling points are derived, and logical maximum and minimum values (1's and 0's) are assigned to one or more of the sampling points. The logical values are decoded to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the received LBC message.1. A method of decoding light-based digital messages, the method comprising:
receiving, at a sensor of a receiver device, a light-based digital message transmitted from a transmitter device; determining, by a processor of the receiver device, a moving average of the light-based digital message; removing, by the processor, the moving average from the light-based digital message to obtain a second light-based digital message, the second light-based digital message having a plurality of data points; determining, by the processor, a peak data point of the plurality of data points in the second light-based digital message having a maximum amplitude value; using, by the processor, the peak data point as a starting point for clock synchronization when the maximum amplitude value of the peak data point is above a threshold value; determining, by the processor, a plurality of sampling points using the starting point for clock synchronization; generating, by the processor, logical maximum or minimum values for at least some of the plurality of sampling points; and decoding, by the processor, the logical maximum or minimum values to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the light-based digital message. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing, by the processor, a received preamble of the second light-based digital message to a stored preamble in a local memory coupled to the processor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the plurality of sampling points is based on at least one parameter of the second light-based digital message, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of bit width, a number of bits in the light-based digital message, and a length of a preamble of the light-based digital message. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the moving average is a length-preserving moving average and determining the moving average of the light-based digital message comprises selecting a window size for the moving average based on at least one parameter of the light-based digital message. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a signal frequency of the light-based digital message and a waveform shape of the light-based digital message. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after removing the moving average from the light-based digital message, performing waveform expansion to generate an expanded light-based digital message by replacing one or more of the plurality of sampling points of the light-based digital message with a received maximum value or a received minimum value of the light-based digital message. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising performing waveform normalization on the expanded light-based digital message to obtain the second light-based digital signal, wherein waveform normalization comprises replacing the received maximum value and the received minimum value with, respectively, a specific first value and a specific second value. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the logical maximum or minimum values is performed by at least one of a matched-filter based detection and a transition based detection on the plurality of sampling points. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of an imaging sensor, a photo detector, and a matrix of photodetectors. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor receives a plurality of light-based digital messages transmitted from a plurality of transmitter devices, and the processor is configured to decode each of the plurality of light-based digital messages in parallel. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold value comprises a continuous valued indicator that computes a confidence level using the peak data point. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating, via a first communication interface of the receiver device, with a second communication interface of the transmitter device, via a wireless communication channel to allow for wireless communication distinct from the light-based digital message. 13. A receiver device used in light-based communication with a transmitter device, the receiver device comprising:
a sensor configured to receive a light-based digital message from the transmitter device; and a processor coupled to the sensor configured to decode the light-based digital message by:
determining a moving average of the light-based digital message;
removing the moving average from the light-based digital message to obtain a second light-based digital message, the second light-based digital message having a plurality of data points;
determining a peak data point of the plurality of data points in the second light-based digital message having a maximum amplitude value;
using the peak data point as a starting point for clock synchronization when the maximum amplitude value of the peak data point is above a threshold value;
determining a plurality of sampling points using the starting point for clock synchronization;
generating logical maximum or minimum values for at least some of the plurality of sampling points; and
decoding the logical maximum or minimum values to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the light-based digital message. 14. The receiver device of claim 13, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of an imaging sensor, a photo detector, and a matrix of photodetectors. 15. The receiver device of claim 13, further comprising a communication module coupled to the processor that is configured to establish a wireless communication channel with the transmitter device, the communication channel being distinct from a communication channel associated with the light-based digital message. 16. The receiver device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine if a modulation depth of the light-based digital message enables accurate decoding of the light-based digital message; and instruct the transmitter device, via the wireless communication channel, to increase the modulation depth of the light-based digital message in response to determining that the modulation depth does not enable accurate decoding of the light-based digital message. 17. A computer program product including one or more non-transitory machine readable mediums encoded with instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause a process to be carried out on a receiver device for decoding light-based digital messages, the process comprising:
receiving a light-based digital message transmitted from a transmitter device; determining a moving average of the light-based digital message; removing the moving average from the light-based digital message to obtain a second light-based digital message, the second light-based digital message having a plurality of data points; determining a peak data point of the plurality of data points in the second light-based digital message having a maximum amplitude value; using the peak data point as a starting point for clock synchronization when the maximum amplitude value of the peak data point is above a threshold value; determining a plurality of sampling points using the starting point for clock synchronization; generating logical maximum or minimum values for each of the plurality of sampling points; and decoding the logical maximum or minimum values to generate a decoded sequence of data representative of the light-based digital message. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises, after removing the moving average from the light-based digital message, performing waveform expansion to generate an expanded light-based digital message by replacing each of the plurality of sampling points of the light-based digital message with a received maximum value or a received minimum value of the light-based digital message. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the process further comprises performing waveform normalization on the expanded light-based digital message to obtain the second light-based digital signal, wherein waveform normalization comprises replacing the received maximum value and the received minimum value with, respectively, a specific first value and a specific second value. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises communicating, via a first communication interface of the receiver device, with a second communication interface of the transmitter device, via a wireless communication path to allow for wireless communication distinct from a light-based digital message path. | 2,600 |
342,820 | 16,642,582 | 1,632 | Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating an eye disorder, for example CORD6. Aspects of the disclosure relate to knocking out an autosomal dominant mutant GUCY2D gene. | 1. A method of treating a subject having CORD6, the method comprising administering to a subject having CORD6:
a first nucleic acid that encodes a guide RNA (gRNA) that targets a GUCY2D gene sequence, and a second nucleic acid that encodes an RNA-guided endonuclease. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gRNA targets both an autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D and a wild-type allele of GUCY2D in the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising administering a replacement nucleic acid to the subject, wherein the replacement nucleic acid encodes a replacement functional guanylate cyclase. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gRNA specifically targets an autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D relative to a wild-type allele of GUCY2D. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is selective for the autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second nucleic acids are administered in rAAV particles. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the replacement nucleic acid is administered in an rAAV particle. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a functional GUCY2D gene that is hardened such that the gRNA no longer recognizes the gene or the RNA guided endonuclease no longer recognizes the PAM site. 9. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first nucleic acid comprises a first promoter operatively connected to a gene encoding the gRNA, and wherein the first promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 10. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the second nucleic acid comprises a second promoter operatively connected to a gene encoding the RNA-guided endonuclease, and wherein the second promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EFla, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 11. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a replacement promoter that is operatively connected to a replacement functional GUCY2D gene, and wherein the replacement promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 12. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is Cas9. 13. The method of claim 5, wherein the selective RNA-guided endonuclease is a modified Cas9 that is selective for the autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has a symptom selected from the group consisting of loss of visual acuity, abnormal color vision, photophobia, visual field loss, macular atrophy, rod degeneration, and/or loss of peripheral visual field. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a wild-type GUCY2D gene. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a wild-type GUCY2D gene from a non-human primate species. 17. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the rAAV capsid particles comprise rAAV capsid proteins of AAVS, AAV8, AAV9, rh10, rh8, Anc80, AAV 44.9, AAV2(triple Y-F), AAV2(quad Y-F+T-V), AAV2(MAX)deltaHS. 18. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the rAAV particles comprise rAAV capsid proteins of serotype 5 or serotype 8. 19. The method of any of claims 1-8 wherein the nucleic acids and/or rAAV particles are administered intravitreally to one or both eyes of the subject. 20. The method of any of claims 1-8 wherein the first and second and replacement nucleic acids and the rAAV particle are administered subretinally to one or both eyes of the subject. 21. An rAAV particle comprising an rAAV genome, wherein the rAAV genome comprises first nucleic acid that encodes a gRNA that targets a GUCY2D gene. 22. The rAAV particle of claim 21, wherein the rAAV genome also comprises a replacement nucleic acid that encodes a functional guanylate cyclase. 23. The rAAV particle of claim 21, wherein the gRNA is specific for a dominant mutant allele of GUCY2D. 24. The rAAV particle of any of claims 21-23, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of AAV5, AAV8, AAV9, rh10, rh8, Anc80, AAV 44.9, AAV2(triple Y-F), AAV2(quad Y-F+T-V), AAV2(MAX)deltaHS. 25. The rAAV particle of any of claims 21-23, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of serotype 5 or serotype 8. 26. The rAAV particle of any of claims 21-23, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a promoter operatively linked to a gene encoding the gRNA. 27. The rAAV particle of claim 26, wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 28. An rAAV particle comprising an rAAV genome, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a nucleic acid that encodes a RNA-guided endonuclease that is selective for an autosomal dominant GUCY2D gene. 29. The rAAV particle of claim 28, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is a Cas9 that is selective for an autosomal dominant GUCY2D gene. 30. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of AAV5, AAV8, AAV9, rh10, rh8, Anc80, AAV 44.9, AAV2(triple Y-F), AAV2(quad Y-F+T-V), AAV2(MAX)deltaHS. 31. The rAAV particle of any claim 28 or 29, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of serotype 5 or serotype 8. 32. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a promoter operatively linked to a gene encoding the RNA-guided endonuclease. 33. The rAAV particle of claim 32, wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 34. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is a self-inactivating RNA-guided endonuclease. 35. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the nucleic acid coding the RNA-guided endonuclease is inactivated in an inducible manner with doxycycline/tetracycline. 36. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the subject is a primate. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the subject is human. 39. The method of any of claim 1-8, 21-23, 28-29 or 36-38, wherein the method reduces the severity of one or more of the following symptoms in the subject:
loss of visual acuity, abnormal color vision, photophobia, visual field loss, macular atrophy, rod degeneration, and/or loss of peripheral visual field. 40. An rAAV particle comprising an rAAV genome, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a nucleic acid that encodes a RNA-guided endonuclease that is selective for a GUCY2D gene, wherein the nucleic acid coding the RNA-guided endonuclease is inactivated in an inducible manner with doxycycline/tetracycline. | Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating an eye disorder, for example CORD6. Aspects of the disclosure relate to knocking out an autosomal dominant mutant GUCY2D gene.1. A method of treating a subject having CORD6, the method comprising administering to a subject having CORD6:
a first nucleic acid that encodes a guide RNA (gRNA) that targets a GUCY2D gene sequence, and a second nucleic acid that encodes an RNA-guided endonuclease. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gRNA targets both an autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D and a wild-type allele of GUCY2D in the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising administering a replacement nucleic acid to the subject, wherein the replacement nucleic acid encodes a replacement functional guanylate cyclase. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gRNA specifically targets an autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D relative to a wild-type allele of GUCY2D. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is selective for the autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second nucleic acids are administered in rAAV particles. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the replacement nucleic acid is administered in an rAAV particle. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a functional GUCY2D gene that is hardened such that the gRNA no longer recognizes the gene or the RNA guided endonuclease no longer recognizes the PAM site. 9. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first nucleic acid comprises a first promoter operatively connected to a gene encoding the gRNA, and wherein the first promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 10. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the second nucleic acid comprises a second promoter operatively connected to a gene encoding the RNA-guided endonuclease, and wherein the second promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EFla, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 11. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a replacement promoter that is operatively connected to a replacement functional GUCY2D gene, and wherein the replacement promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 12. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is Cas9. 13. The method of claim 5, wherein the selective RNA-guided endonuclease is a modified Cas9 that is selective for the autosomal dominant allele of GUCY2D. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has a symptom selected from the group consisting of loss of visual acuity, abnormal color vision, photophobia, visual field loss, macular atrophy, rod degeneration, and/or loss of peripheral visual field. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a wild-type GUCY2D gene. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein the replacement nucleic acid comprises a wild-type GUCY2D gene from a non-human primate species. 17. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the rAAV capsid particles comprise rAAV capsid proteins of AAVS, AAV8, AAV9, rh10, rh8, Anc80, AAV 44.9, AAV2(triple Y-F), AAV2(quad Y-F+T-V), AAV2(MAX)deltaHS. 18. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the rAAV particles comprise rAAV capsid proteins of serotype 5 or serotype 8. 19. The method of any of claims 1-8 wherein the nucleic acids and/or rAAV particles are administered intravitreally to one or both eyes of the subject. 20. The method of any of claims 1-8 wherein the first and second and replacement nucleic acids and the rAAV particle are administered subretinally to one or both eyes of the subject. 21. An rAAV particle comprising an rAAV genome, wherein the rAAV genome comprises first nucleic acid that encodes a gRNA that targets a GUCY2D gene. 22. The rAAV particle of claim 21, wherein the rAAV genome also comprises a replacement nucleic acid that encodes a functional guanylate cyclase. 23. The rAAV particle of claim 21, wherein the gRNA is specific for a dominant mutant allele of GUCY2D. 24. The rAAV particle of any of claims 21-23, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of AAV5, AAV8, AAV9, rh10, rh8, Anc80, AAV 44.9, AAV2(triple Y-F), AAV2(quad Y-F+T-V), AAV2(MAX)deltaHS. 25. The rAAV particle of any of claims 21-23, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of serotype 5 or serotype 8. 26. The rAAV particle of any of claims 21-23, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a promoter operatively linked to a gene encoding the gRNA. 27. The rAAV particle of claim 26, wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 28. An rAAV particle comprising an rAAV genome, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a nucleic acid that encodes a RNA-guided endonuclease that is selective for an autosomal dominant GUCY2D gene. 29. The rAAV particle of claim 28, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is a Cas9 that is selective for an autosomal dominant GUCY2D gene. 30. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of AAV5, AAV8, AAV9, rh10, rh8, Anc80, AAV 44.9, AAV2(triple Y-F), AAV2(quad Y-F+T-V), AAV2(MAX)deltaHS. 31. The rAAV particle of any claim 28 or 29, wherein the rAAV particle comprises AAV capsid proteins of serotype 5 or serotype 8. 32. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a promoter operatively linked to a gene encoding the RNA-guided endonuclease. 33. The rAAV particle of claim 32, wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of U6, H1, opsin, rhodopsin kinase, CRX, FIZ1, CMV, CBA, EF1a, Nrl, IRBP, IRBP-GNAT2, and Cone Arrestin promoters. 34. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is a self-inactivating RNA-guided endonuclease. 35. The rAAV particle of any of claim 28 or 29, wherein the nucleic acid coding the RNA-guided endonuclease is inactivated in an inducible manner with doxycycline/tetracycline. 36. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the subject is a primate. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the subject is human. 39. The method of any of claim 1-8, 21-23, 28-29 or 36-38, wherein the method reduces the severity of one or more of the following symptoms in the subject:
loss of visual acuity, abnormal color vision, photophobia, visual field loss, macular atrophy, rod degeneration, and/or loss of peripheral visual field. 40. An rAAV particle comprising an rAAV genome, wherein the rAAV genome comprises a nucleic acid that encodes a RNA-guided endonuclease that is selective for a GUCY2D gene, wherein the nucleic acid coding the RNA-guided endonuclease is inactivated in an inducible manner with doxycycline/tetracycline. | 1,600 |
342,821 | 16,642,545 | 1,632 | A screen control method and a terminal. The method is applied to a terminal that has a touchscreen and a screen fingerprint sensor. The method includes: when the touchscreen is in a lighted state, receiving, by the terminal, a first touch operation; obtaining, by the terminal, texture information and touch information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, where the texture information is skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation, and the touch information includes at least one of a touch position and a touch area; and turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information. | 1. A screen control method, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal having a touchscreen and a screen fingerprint sensor, a first touch operation when the touchscreen is in a lighted state; obtaining, by the terminal, texture information and touch information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the texture information includes skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation, and the touch information comprises at least one of a touch position or a touch area; and turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information when the texture information does not match preset texture information. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen when the texture information does not match the preset texture information and at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area; wherein the preset area is a part of an area on the touchscreen. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
when the texture information does not match the preset texture information, at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area, and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen when the texture information does not match the preset texture information and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the skin texture information comprises at least one type of fingerprint information, palm print information, or finger texture information. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the touch information further comprises a touch duration; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and unlocked state; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and locked state. 8. A screen control method, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal having a touchscreen and a screen fingerprint sensor, a first touch operation when the terminal is in a call state; obtaining, by the terminal, texture information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the texture information includes skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation; and turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen if the texture information matches preset texture information. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the skin texture information comprises at least one type of ear texture information or face texture information. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein after the turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen, the method further comprises:
if the terminal learns, by using the touchscreen, that an object that inputs the first touch operation leaves the touchscreen, lighting up, by the terminal, the touchscreen. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the call state comprises: a state in which the terminal dials a called number and a call is not connected or a state in which the terminal, as a called party or a calling party, has established a call connection to a peer end; or the ear texture information comprises one or more types of an ear texture, an ear shape, and an ear size; or the face texture information comprises one or more types of a face texture, a face shape, and a face size. 12. A terminal, comprising:
a touchscreen; a screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the screen fingerprint sensor is integrated into the touchscreen, or the screen fingerprint sensor is below the touchscreen; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing one or more computer programs having an instruction, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the processors to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving a first touch operation by using the touchscreen when the touchscreen is in a lighted state; and obtaining texture information and touch information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the texture information includes skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation, and the touch information comprises at least one of a touch position or a touch area; and turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information when the texture information does not match preset texture information. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off the touchscreen when the texture information does not match the preset texture information and at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area; wherein the preset area is a part of an area on the touchscreen. 14. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
when the texture information does not match the preset texture information, at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area, and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, turning off the touchscreen. 15. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off the touchscreen when the texture information does not match preset texture information and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 16. The terminal according to claim 13, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. 17. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein the skin texture information comprises at least one type of fingerprint information, palm print information, or finger texture information. 18. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein
the touch information further comprises a touch duration; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and unlocked state; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and locked state. 19.-37. (canceled) 38. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. 39. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. | A screen control method and a terminal. The method is applied to a terminal that has a touchscreen and a screen fingerprint sensor. The method includes: when the touchscreen is in a lighted state, receiving, by the terminal, a first touch operation; obtaining, by the terminal, texture information and touch information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, where the texture information is skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation, and the touch information includes at least one of a touch position and a touch area; and turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information.1. A screen control method, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal having a touchscreen and a screen fingerprint sensor, a first touch operation when the touchscreen is in a lighted state; obtaining, by the terminal, texture information and touch information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the texture information includes skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation, and the touch information comprises at least one of a touch position or a touch area; and turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information when the texture information does not match preset texture information. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen when the texture information does not match the preset texture information and at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area; wherein the preset area is a part of an area on the touchscreen. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
when the texture information does not match the preset texture information, at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area, and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen when the texture information does not match the preset texture information and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the skin texture information comprises at least one type of fingerprint information, palm print information, or finger texture information. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the touch information further comprises a touch duration; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and unlocked state; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and locked state. 8. A screen control method, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal having a touchscreen and a screen fingerprint sensor, a first touch operation when the terminal is in a call state; obtaining, by the terminal, texture information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the texture information includes skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation; and turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen if the texture information matches preset texture information. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the skin texture information comprises at least one type of ear texture information or face texture information. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein after the turning off, by the terminal, the touchscreen, the method further comprises:
if the terminal learns, by using the touchscreen, that an object that inputs the first touch operation leaves the touchscreen, lighting up, by the terminal, the touchscreen. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the call state comprises: a state in which the terminal dials a called number and a call is not connected or a state in which the terminal, as a called party or a calling party, has established a call connection to a peer end; or the ear texture information comprises one or more types of an ear texture, an ear shape, and an ear size; or the face texture information comprises one or more types of a face texture, a face shape, and a face size. 12. A terminal, comprising:
a touchscreen; a screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the screen fingerprint sensor is integrated into the touchscreen, or the screen fingerprint sensor is below the touchscreen; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing one or more computer programs having an instruction, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the processors to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving a first touch operation by using the touchscreen when the touchscreen is in a lighted state; and obtaining texture information and touch information of the first touch operation by using the touchscreen and the screen fingerprint sensor, wherein the texture information includes skin texture information corresponding to the first touch operation, and the touch information comprises at least one of a touch position or a touch area; and turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information when the texture information does not match preset texture information. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off the touchscreen when the texture information does not match the preset texture information and at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area; wherein the preset area is a part of an area on the touchscreen. 14. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
when the texture information does not match the preset texture information, at least one part of the touch position is in a preset area, and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, turning off the touchscreen. 15. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein turning off the touchscreen based on the texture information and the touch information comprises:
turning off the touchscreen when the texture information does not match preset texture information and the touch area is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 16. The terminal according to claim 13, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. 17. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein the skin texture information comprises at least one type of fingerprint information, palm print information, or finger texture information. 18. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein
the touch information further comprises a touch duration; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and unlocked state; or when the touchscreen is in the lighted state, the touchscreen is in a screen-on and locked state. 19.-37. (canceled) 38. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. 39. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein
the preset area is in a middle position of the touchscreen; or the preset area is at an upper part, a lower part, a left part, or a right part of the touchscreen. | 1,600 |
342,822 | 16,642,511 | 1,632 | Provided herein are methods for treating a subject afflicted with a cancer, comprising administering to the subject a TIM3 agonist (e.g., an anti-TIM3 antibody), alone or in conjunction with another immune checkpoint inhibitor (e.g., a PD-1 antagonist), wherein the subject is identified as having a high frequency of TIM3 positive cells (e.g., on the tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells) or soluble TIM3 in peripheral blood. Also provided are methods for assessing the efficacy of a treatment comprising a TIM3 antagonist in a subject afflicted with a cancer, comprising measuring the frequency of TIM3 (and optionally PD-1) positive cells in certain populations of cells and/or the soluble TIM3 in peripheral blood of the subject, wherein a high frequency of TIM3 (and optionally PD-1) positive cells and/or the subject's peripheral blood titer of soluble TIM3 is indicative of the response to the treatment. | 1. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a serum titer of soluble TIM-3 in the subject, and if (i) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is higher than that in healthy control subjects, or (ii) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is at least 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 pg/ml (as determined, e.g., in a method described in the Examples), the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 2. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a percentage of CD8+ TILs that are TIM-3 positive, and if the percentage is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70%, the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 3. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a percentage of naïve TILs, central memory (CM) TILs, effector memory (EM) TILs, and effector TILs that are TIM-3 positive, and if the percentage of EM TILs and/or effector TILs that are positive for TIM-3 is higher than the percentage of naïve TILs and/or CM TILs that are positive for TIM-3, the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 4. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a percentage of dendritic cells, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells that are TIM-3 positive in TILs of the subject, and if the percentage is higher than that in control subjects (e.g., corresponding cancer patients who do not respond to treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist), the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 5. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a combination of a PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist and a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a frequency of PD-1 positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a frequency of TIM-3 positive TILs in the subject, wherein a co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on at least 5% of CD8+ TILs of the subject indicates that the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a combination of a PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist and a TIM3 antagonist. 6. A method of treating a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
(1) (a) determining a serum titer of soluble TIM-3 in the subject, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if (i) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is higher than that in healthy control subjects, or (ii) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is at least 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 pg/ml (as determined, e.g., in a method described in the Examples); (2) (a) determining a percentage of CD8+ TILs that are TIM-3 positive in the subject, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if the percentage is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70%; (3) (a) determining a percentage of naïve, central memory (CM), effector memory (EM), and effector TILs that are TIM-3 positive, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if the percentage of EM TILs and/or effector TILs that are positive for TIM-3 is higher than the percentage of naïve TILs and/or CM TILs that are positive for TIM-3; or (4) (a) determining a percentage of dendritic cells, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells that are TIM-3 positive in TILs of the subject, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if the percentage is higher than that in control subjects (e.g., corresponding cancer patients who do not respond to treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist). 7. A method of treating a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: (i) determining a frequency of PD-1 positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a frequency of TIM-3 positive TILs in the subject, and (ii) administering a PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist in combination with a TIM-3 antagonist if at least 5% of CD8+ TILs co-express PD-1 and TIM-3. 8. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the TIM-3 antagonist is an anti-TIM3 antibody. 9. The in vitro method of claim 8, wherein the anti-TIM3 antibody comprises (i) a heavy chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
(a) the heavy chain CDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23-27; (b) the heavy chain CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 28-38; (c) the heavy chain CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 39-49; (d) the light chain CDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 50 and 51; (e) the light chain CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 52 and 53; and (f) the light chain CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 54-57. 10. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the TILs are CD4+ TILs. 11. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the TILs are CD8+ TILs. 12. The in vitro method of claim 5, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist comprises an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. 13. The in vitro method of claim 12, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises nivolumab, pembrolizumab, MEDI0608, AMP-224, PDR001, BGB-A317, or any combination thereof. 14. The in vitro method of claim 12, wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody comprises BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, MSB0010718C, or any combination thereof. 15. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the cancer comprises a colon, kidney, or lung cancer. 16. The method of claim 7, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist comprises an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises nivolumab, pembrolizumab, MEDI0608, AMP-224, PDR001, BGB-A317, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody comprises BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, MSB0010718C, or any combination thereof. | Provided herein are methods for treating a subject afflicted with a cancer, comprising administering to the subject a TIM3 agonist (e.g., an anti-TIM3 antibody), alone or in conjunction with another immune checkpoint inhibitor (e.g., a PD-1 antagonist), wherein the subject is identified as having a high frequency of TIM3 positive cells (e.g., on the tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells) or soluble TIM3 in peripheral blood. Also provided are methods for assessing the efficacy of a treatment comprising a TIM3 antagonist in a subject afflicted with a cancer, comprising measuring the frequency of TIM3 (and optionally PD-1) positive cells in certain populations of cells and/or the soluble TIM3 in peripheral blood of the subject, wherein a high frequency of TIM3 (and optionally PD-1) positive cells and/or the subject's peripheral blood titer of soluble TIM3 is indicative of the response to the treatment.1. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a serum titer of soluble TIM-3 in the subject, and if (i) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is higher than that in healthy control subjects, or (ii) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is at least 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 pg/ml (as determined, e.g., in a method described in the Examples), the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 2. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a percentage of CD8+ TILs that are TIM-3 positive, and if the percentage is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70%, the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 3. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a percentage of naïve TILs, central memory (CM) TILs, effector memory (EM) TILs, and effector TILs that are TIM-3 positive, and if the percentage of EM TILs and/or effector TILs that are positive for TIM-3 is higher than the percentage of naïve TILs and/or CM TILs that are positive for TIM-3, the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 4. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a percentage of dendritic cells, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells that are TIM-3 positive in TILs of the subject, and if the percentage is higher than that in control subjects (e.g., corresponding cancer patients who do not respond to treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist), the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist. 5. An in vitro method for determining whether a subject having a cancer would respond to a treatment with a combination of a PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist and a TIM-3 antagonist, comprising determining a frequency of PD-1 positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a frequency of TIM-3 positive TILs in the subject, wherein a co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on at least 5% of CD8+ TILs of the subject indicates that the subject is likely to respond to a treatment with a combination of a PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist and a TIM3 antagonist. 6. A method of treating a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
(1) (a) determining a serum titer of soluble TIM-3 in the subject, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if (i) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is higher than that in healthy control subjects, or (ii) the serum titer of soluble TIM-3 is at least 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 pg/ml (as determined, e.g., in a method described in the Examples); (2) (a) determining a percentage of CD8+ TILs that are TIM-3 positive in the subject, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if the percentage is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70%; (3) (a) determining a percentage of naïve, central memory (CM), effector memory (EM), and effector TILs that are TIM-3 positive, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if the percentage of EM TILs and/or effector TILs that are positive for TIM-3 is higher than the percentage of naïve TILs and/or CM TILs that are positive for TIM-3; or (4) (a) determining a percentage of dendritic cells, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells that are TIM-3 positive in TILs of the subject, and (b) administering a TIM-3 antagonist to the subject if the percentage is higher than that in control subjects (e.g., corresponding cancer patients who do not respond to treatment with a TIM-3 antagonist). 7. A method of treating a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: (i) determining a frequency of PD-1 positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a frequency of TIM-3 positive TILs in the subject, and (ii) administering a PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist in combination with a TIM-3 antagonist if at least 5% of CD8+ TILs co-express PD-1 and TIM-3. 8. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the TIM-3 antagonist is an anti-TIM3 antibody. 9. The in vitro method of claim 8, wherein the anti-TIM3 antibody comprises (i) a heavy chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
(a) the heavy chain CDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23-27; (b) the heavy chain CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 28-38; (c) the heavy chain CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 39-49; (d) the light chain CDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 50 and 51; (e) the light chain CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 52 and 53; and (f) the light chain CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 54-57. 10. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the TILs are CD4+ TILs. 11. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the TILs are CD8+ TILs. 12. The in vitro method of claim 5, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist comprises an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. 13. The in vitro method of claim 12, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises nivolumab, pembrolizumab, MEDI0608, AMP-224, PDR001, BGB-A317, or any combination thereof. 14. The in vitro method of claim 12, wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody comprises BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, MSB0010718C, or any combination thereof. 15. The in vitro method of claim 3, wherein the cancer comprises a colon, kidney, or lung cancer. 16. The method of claim 7, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 axis antagonist comprises an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises nivolumab, pembrolizumab, MEDI0608, AMP-224, PDR001, BGB-A317, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody comprises BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, MSB0010718C, or any combination thereof. | 1,600 |
342,823 | 16,642,562 | 1,632 | Motion information for an internal sub-block of a larger block can be derived for use in encoding or decoding the video block or a coding unit by using the motion information for sub-blocks on the left or top edge of the coding block. The left column of edge sub-blocks and the top row of sub-blocks has motion information, such as motion vectors, derived using such techniques as template matching. The motion vectors of these edge sub-blocks are used in deriving the motion vectors of internal sub-blocks, which leads to better prediction and improved coding efficiency. In another embodiment, other motion information for internal sub-blocks is derived from corresponding information of the edge sub-blocks. | 1. A method, comprising:
deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded; refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said derived information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, encoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 2. A method, comprising:
deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded; refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, decoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 3. An apparatus for coding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to:
deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded;
refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, encoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 4. An apparatus for decoding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to: deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded; refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, decoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 5. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein said deriving information uses template matching prediction. 6. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein said template matching prediction is performed temporally. 7. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein said template matching prediction is performed spatially. 8. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein N number of spatial neighboring sub-blocks are used to refine information for a current sub-block. 9. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein a motion vector is derived for a sub-block using some combination of neighboring spatial or temporal sub-blocks. 10. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein a motion vector is derived for a sub-block using a motion model that uses at least one refined neighboring motion vector from a neighboring sub-block as well as a motion vector for a block. 11. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein different motion derivation methods are used for different sub-blocks of the current block. 12. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein a second and third row and second and third column of a coding unit are derived using an average of up to four spatial neighboring motion vectors and of a refined motion vector of the coding unit. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method of any one of claims 2 and 5 to 12. | Motion information for an internal sub-block of a larger block can be derived for use in encoding or decoding the video block or a coding unit by using the motion information for sub-blocks on the left or top edge of the coding block. The left column of edge sub-blocks and the top row of sub-blocks has motion information, such as motion vectors, derived using such techniques as template matching. The motion vectors of these edge sub-blocks are used in deriving the motion vectors of internal sub-blocks, which leads to better prediction and improved coding efficiency. In another embodiment, other motion information for internal sub-blocks is derived from corresponding information of the edge sub-blocks.1. A method, comprising:
deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded; refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said derived information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, encoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 2. A method, comprising:
deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded; refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, decoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 3. An apparatus for coding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to:
deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded;
refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, encoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 4. An apparatus for decoding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to: deriving information for a block of video data from neighboring blocks previously encoded; refining said information for sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data by using said information and neighboring sub-blocks previously encoded; refining said information for internal sub-blocks of said block of video data by using said refined information from sub-blocks along a left or top edge of said block of video data; and, decoding said block of video data using said refined sub-blocks. 5. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein said deriving information uses template matching prediction. 6. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein said template matching prediction is performed temporally. 7. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein said template matching prediction is performed spatially. 8. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein N number of spatial neighboring sub-blocks are used to refine information for a current sub-block. 9. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein a motion vector is derived for a sub-block using some combination of neighboring spatial or temporal sub-blocks. 10. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein a motion vector is derived for a sub-block using a motion model that uses at least one refined neighboring motion vector from a neighboring sub-block as well as a motion vector for a block. 11. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein different motion derivation methods are used for different sub-blocks of the current block. 12. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of any of claim 3 or 4, wherein a second and third row and second and third column of a coding unit are derived using an average of up to four spatial neighboring motion vectors and of a refined motion vector of the coding unit. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method of any one of claims 2 and 5 to 12. | 1,600 |
342,824 | 16,642,555 | 1,632 | A liquid container for a motor vehicle, having a first half-shell and a second half-shell, the half-shells delimiting a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first half-shell having a first support layer and a first barrier layer, the second half-shell having a second support layer and a second barrier layer, the first barrier being situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A liquid container for a motor vehicle comprising:
a first half-shell; and a second half-shell, wherein:
the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid;
the first half-shell has a first support layer and a first barrier layer;
the second half-shell has a second support layer and a second barrier layer
the first barrier layer is situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume; and
the second barrier layer is situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 17. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the half-shells in a connecting area are integrally joined together, the first barrier layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second barrier layer; and the first support layer and the second support layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another, with no contact between the first support layer and the second support layer, and the support layers bordering the barrier layers on both sides. 18. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the half-shells in the connecting area is made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material, the integral bond having been formed by laser transmission welding. 19. The liquid container according to claim 18, wherein:
the first support layer in the connecting area is made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material, or the first support layer and the first barrier layer in the connecting area are made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material. 20. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the half-shells in a connecting area are integrally joined together, the first support layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second support layer; the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another, with no contact between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer; and solidified melt of a material of the first support layer and/or of a material of the second support layer is situated between the barrier layers. 21. The liquid container according to claim 20, wherein the barrier layers in the connecting area are completely enclosed by the support layers and isolated from the surroundings by the support layers. 22. The liquid container according to claim 20, wherein:
a permeation path is formed in the connecting area between the spaced-apart barrier layers; a length of the permeation path, viewed in a cross section, is greater than or equal to twice the width of the permeation path; and the width of the permeation path corresponds to the distance between the barrier layers in the connecting area. 23. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein:
at least one of the half-shells in the connecting area has a web; and wherein the integral bond is formed along the web. 24. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
at least one of the barrier layers is a one-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process; and/or at least one of the barrier layers is a multi-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process. 25. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein a plastic that is used for attaching molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units is locally molded onto a side of at least one of the barrier layers facing the storage volume. 26. A method for manufacturing a liquid container, comprising the following steps:
injection molding of a first half-shell, the first half-shell having a first support layer and a first barrier layer; injection molding of a second half-shell, the second half-shell having a second support layer and a second barrier layer; and joining the half-shells in such a way that the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first barrier layer being situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein:
the half-shells are joined by welding the half-shells by laser transmission welding; at least one of the half-shells in a connecting area is made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material; the half-shells in the connecting area are integrally joined together, the first barrier layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second barrier layer; and the first support layer and the second support layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another, with no contact between the first support layer and the second support layer, and the support layers bordering the barrier layers on both sides. 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein, the half-shells are joined by hot plate welding, comprising the following steps:
heating and plasticizing at least one protrusion that is formed on a web of a support layer, using a hot plate; and pressing the half-shells together, with plasticized material of the protrusion being pressed between the barrier layers. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein during the pressing together of the half-shells, a sealing element is placed against an end-face side of the web. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein each of the half-shells has a circumferential web with at least one protrusion, wherein mutually facing protrusions of the two half-shells are plasticized before the half-shells are pressed together by the hot plate. | A liquid container for a motor vehicle, having a first half-shell and a second half-shell, the half-shells delimiting a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first half-shell having a first support layer and a first barrier layer, the second half-shell having a second support layer and a second barrier layer, the first barrier being situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume.1-15. (canceled) 16. A liquid container for a motor vehicle comprising:
a first half-shell; and a second half-shell, wherein:
the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid;
the first half-shell has a first support layer and a first barrier layer;
the second half-shell has a second support layer and a second barrier layer
the first barrier layer is situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume; and
the second barrier layer is situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 17. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the half-shells in a connecting area are integrally joined together, the first barrier layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second barrier layer; and the first support layer and the second support layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another, with no contact between the first support layer and the second support layer, and the support layers bordering the barrier layers on both sides. 18. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the half-shells in the connecting area is made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material, the integral bond having been formed by laser transmission welding. 19. The liquid container according to claim 18, wherein:
the first support layer in the connecting area is made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material, or the first support layer and the first barrier layer in the connecting area are made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material. 20. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the half-shells in a connecting area are integrally joined together, the first support layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second support layer; the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another, with no contact between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer; and solidified melt of a material of the first support layer and/or of a material of the second support layer is situated between the barrier layers. 21. The liquid container according to claim 20, wherein the barrier layers in the connecting area are completely enclosed by the support layers and isolated from the surroundings by the support layers. 22. The liquid container according to claim 20, wherein:
a permeation path is formed in the connecting area between the spaced-apart barrier layers; a length of the permeation path, viewed in a cross section, is greater than or equal to twice the width of the permeation path; and the width of the permeation path corresponds to the distance between the barrier layers in the connecting area. 23. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein:
at least one of the half-shells in the connecting area has a web; and wherein the integral bond is formed along the web. 24. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
at least one of the barrier layers is a one-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process; and/or at least one of the barrier layers is a multi-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process. 25. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein a plastic that is used for attaching molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units is locally molded onto a side of at least one of the barrier layers facing the storage volume. 26. A method for manufacturing a liquid container, comprising the following steps:
injection molding of a first half-shell, the first half-shell having a first support layer and a first barrier layer; injection molding of a second half-shell, the second half-shell having a second support layer and a second barrier layer; and joining the half-shells in such a way that the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first barrier layer being situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein:
the half-shells are joined by welding the half-shells by laser transmission welding; at least one of the half-shells in a connecting area is made, at least partially, of a laser-transparent material; the half-shells in the connecting area are integrally joined together, the first barrier layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second barrier layer; and the first support layer and the second support layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another, with no contact between the first support layer and the second support layer, and the support layers bordering the barrier layers on both sides. 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein, the half-shells are joined by hot plate welding, comprising the following steps:
heating and plasticizing at least one protrusion that is formed on a web of a support layer, using a hot plate; and pressing the half-shells together, with plasticized material of the protrusion being pressed between the barrier layers. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein during the pressing together of the half-shells, a sealing element is placed against an end-face side of the web. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein each of the half-shells has a circumferential web with at least one protrusion, wherein mutually facing protrusions of the two half-shells are plasticized before the half-shells are pressed together by the hot plate. | 1,600 |
342,825 | 16,642,553 | 1,632 | Provided is a method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane compound represented by general formula (III) shown below, the method having a step of reacting a compound represented by general formula (I) shown below and a compound represented by general formula (II) shown below. In general formulas (I) to (III): each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an aminoalkyl group, an amino group-containing group, a nitrile group-containing group, a vinyl group-containing group, a (meth)acryloyl group-containing group, a chloro group-containing group, a bromo group-containing group, or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group, each of R3 to R10 independently represents an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium and potassium. | 1: A method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane compound represented by general formula (III) shown below, the method comprising a step of reacting a compound represented by general formula (I) shown below and a compound represented by general formula (II) shown below: 2: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, comprising a step of manufacturing the compound represented by the general formula (I) using a compound represented by general formula (IV) shown below: 3: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (II), M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium. 4: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (I), each of R1 and R2 independently represents an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aminoalkyl group, or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group, and at least one of R and R2 is an aminoalkyl group or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group. 5: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 4, wherein in the general formula (I), at least one of R1 and R2 is a 3-aminopropyl group, an N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl group, an N-phenyl-3-aminopropyl group, or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group. 6: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (II), R3 to R10 are aryl groups of 6 to 8 carbon atoms. | Provided is a method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane compound represented by general formula (III) shown below, the method having a step of reacting a compound represented by general formula (I) shown below and a compound represented by general formula (II) shown below. In general formulas (I) to (III): each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an aminoalkyl group, an amino group-containing group, a nitrile group-containing group, a vinyl group-containing group, a (meth)acryloyl group-containing group, a chloro group-containing group, a bromo group-containing group, or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group, each of R3 to R10 independently represents an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium and potassium.1: A method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane compound represented by general formula (III) shown below, the method comprising a step of reacting a compound represented by general formula (I) shown below and a compound represented by general formula (II) shown below: 2: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, comprising a step of manufacturing the compound represented by the general formula (I) using a compound represented by general formula (IV) shown below: 3: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (II), M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium. 4: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (I), each of R1 and R2 independently represents an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aminoalkyl group, or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group, and at least one of R and R2 is an aminoalkyl group or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group. 5: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 4, wherein in the general formula (I), at least one of R1 and R2 is a 3-aminopropyl group, an N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl group, an N-phenyl-3-aminopropyl group, or a functional group containing a boron trifluoride-complexed amino group. 6: The method for manufacturing a silsesquioxane according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (II), R3 to R10 are aryl groups of 6 to 8 carbon atoms. | 1,600 |
342,826 | 16,642,554 | 1,632 | A method and apparatus for improving the performance of video encoders and decoders involves selecting a set of transforms from among a plurality of sets of transforms that can be used for coding blocks in a region of a video image. Within a region, selection of a particular transform from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms is used to encoder or decode at least one block in the region. Associated indices representing the set of transforms to be used within a region and the selected transform for a block can be sent in a bitstream. In an alternate embodiment, a default set of transforms is complemented by selection of an additional set of transforms on a block or region basis. | 1. A method, comprising:
selecting a set of transforms from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for encoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein said selected set of transforms is associated with a first index, wherein the set of transforms has size of a lamest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms associated with said first index to use for encoding a block, wherein said selected transform is associated with a second index; transforming at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform into transformed coefficients; and encoding said transformed coefficients along with said first index and said second index into a bitstream. 2. A method, comprising:
decoding a video bitstream to generate a first index and a second index; selecting a set of transforms associated with the first index from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for decoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein the set of transforms has size of a largest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform associated with the second index from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms, associated with said first index, to use for decoding a block within the region of the video image; and inverse transforming coefficients of at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform. 3. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: selecting a set of transforms from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for encoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein said selected set of transforms is associated with a first index, wherein the set of transforms has size of a largest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms associated with said first index to use for encoding a block, wherein said selected transform is associated with a second index; transforming at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform into transformed coefficients; and encoding said transformed coefficients along with said first index and said second index into a bitstream. 4. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: decoding a video bitstream to generate a first index and a second index; selecting a set of transforms associated with the first index from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for decoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein the set of transforms has size of a lamest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform associated with the second index from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms, associated with said first index, to use for decoding a block within the region of the video image; and inverse transforming coefficients of at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first index and said second index are signaled at different levels of a video coding hierarchy. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, adding said selected set of transforms to a default set of transforms before selecting a transform to use for encoding said block. 7. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein a level in a video coding hierarchy in which said first index is signaled is higher than a level in said video coding hierarchy in which said second index is signaled. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, adding said selected set of transforms to a default set of transforms at one or more video coding levels before selecting a transform to use for encoding said block. 9. The method or the apparatus of claim 8, wherein an amount of transforms in a set of transforms at a particular video coding level is less than an amount of transforms in a higher video coding level. 10. The method or the apparatus of claim 8, wherein a separate set of transforms is considered at the respective video coding levels. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of sets of transforms are derived by an offline transform learning scheme. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of sets of transforms comprise systematic transforms of sinusoidal transform families. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of claim 1, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of claim 1, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to carry out the method of claim 2. | A method and apparatus for improving the performance of video encoders and decoders involves selecting a set of transforms from among a plurality of sets of transforms that can be used for coding blocks in a region of a video image. Within a region, selection of a particular transform from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms is used to encoder or decode at least one block in the region. Associated indices representing the set of transforms to be used within a region and the selected transform for a block can be sent in a bitstream. In an alternate embodiment, a default set of transforms is complemented by selection of an additional set of transforms on a block or region basis.1. A method, comprising:
selecting a set of transforms from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for encoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein said selected set of transforms is associated with a first index, wherein the set of transforms has size of a lamest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms associated with said first index to use for encoding a block, wherein said selected transform is associated with a second index; transforming at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform into transformed coefficients; and encoding said transformed coefficients along with said first index and said second index into a bitstream. 2. A method, comprising:
decoding a video bitstream to generate a first index and a second index; selecting a set of transforms associated with the first index from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for decoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein the set of transforms has size of a largest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform associated with the second index from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms, associated with said first index, to use for decoding a block within the region of the video image; and inverse transforming coefficients of at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform. 3. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: selecting a set of transforms from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for encoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein said selected set of transforms is associated with a first index, wherein the set of transforms has size of a largest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms associated with said first index to use for encoding a block, wherein said selected transform is associated with a second index; transforming at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform into transformed coefficients; and encoding said transformed coefficients along with said first index and said second index into a bitstream. 4. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: decoding a video bitstream to generate a first index and a second index; selecting a set of transforms associated with the first index from among a plurality of sets of transforms to be used for decoding blocks within a region of a video image, wherein the set of transforms has size of a lamest coding unit or Coding Tree Unit; selecting a transform associated with the second index from among a plurality of transforms comprising the selected set of transforms, associated with said first index, to use for decoding a block within the region of the video image; and inverse transforming coefficients of at least a block in said region of the video image using said selected transform. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first index and said second index are signaled at different levels of a video coding hierarchy. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, adding said selected set of transforms to a default set of transforms before selecting a transform to use for encoding said block. 7. The method or the apparatus of claim 5, wherein a level in a video coding hierarchy in which said first index is signaled is higher than a level in said video coding hierarchy in which said second index is signaled. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, adding said selected set of transforms to a default set of transforms at one or more video coding levels before selecting a transform to use for encoding said block. 9. The method or the apparatus of claim 8, wherein an amount of transforms in a set of transforms at a particular video coding level is less than an amount of transforms in a higher video coding level. 10. The method or the apparatus of claim 8, wherein a separate set of transforms is considered at the respective video coding levels. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of sets of transforms are derived by an offline transform learning scheme. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of sets of transforms comprise systematic transforms of sinusoidal transform families. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of claim 1, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of claim 1, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to carry out the method of claim 2. | 1,600 |
342,827 | 16,642,573 | 1,632 | The invention relates to a gripper (100) for finding, clamping and releasing spools (120) having a circular grip part (122) such as a flange or a bore hole as well as a method to operate such gripper. The gripper (100) comprises a driveable clamp (102) that is provided with a scanning system (106) comprising ‘presence-absence detectors’ (108) that detect the presence of the absence of the circular grip part (122). The gripper (100) is slowly moved over the flange of the spool and by means of the detectors (108) and some calculation the centre of the grip part (122) is identified followed by the gripping of the spool. The gripper (100) has the advantage that no back-and-forth movement is needed in order to locate the circular grip part (122). | 1. A gripper for finding, clamping and releasing a spool with a circular grip part comprising
(a) a driveable clamp for clamping and releasing said grip part on demand, said clamp having a reference axis, said reference axis coinciding with the axis of the spool when clamped, said clamp having a clamp size configured to the diameter of the circular grip part of the spool; (b) a scanning system for identifying the axis of the spool characterized in that said scanning system comprises two or more sensors organized equidistant along a line, said two or more sensors for sensing in a direction parallel to said reference axis the presence of the spool, said reference axis defining a reference plane perpendicular to said reference axis, wherein the distance between any two adjacent sensors is less than the clamp size. 2. The gripper of claim 1 wherein the distance between any two adjacent sensors is between one quarter and three quarters of the clamp size. 3. The gripper of claim 1 wherein said reference axis is situated on the perpendicular bisector between two adjacent sensors in the reference plane, said two adjacent sensors being closest to the reference axis. 4. The gripper of claim 1 wherein said reference axis is situated on the perpendicular to said line at one sensor. 5. The gripper according to claim 1 wherein the perpendicular distance in the reference plane between said reference axis and said line is less than the clamp size. 6. The gripper of claim 5 wherein the perpendicular distance in the reference plane between said reference axis and said line is more than half the clamp size. 7. The gripper according to claim 1 wherein the circular grip part is the bore hole of a spool, and said clamp is a shaft for insertion and holding in the bore hole, said clamp size corresponding to the diameter of said shaft 8. The gripper according to claim 1 wherein the circular grip part is the flange of the spool and said clamp is a flange clamp for clamping and holding at the flange, said clamp size corresponding to the diameter of said flange. 9. A method for handling a spool by means of a gripper according to claim 1, said gripper having a reference axis, the spool having a circular grip part, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) Positioning the gripper in the vicinity of the spool, such that said reference axis is parallel to the axis of the spool to be gripped; (b) Providing a local controller for controlling the movement of said gripper; (c) Input the diameter of the circular grip part to said local controller from a global controller; (d) Moving said gripper in said reference plane with said two or more sensors ahead of said reference axis while recording the travelled distance over a limited travel length; (e) Detect a first changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a first sensor and record the travelled distance at that changeover as a first point; (e′) Detect a second changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a second sensor and record the travelled distance at that changeover as a second point; (f) Based on said first and second point and said diameter: calculate the centre position of said circular grip part in said reference plane; (g) Move said reference axis to said calculated centre position; (h) Clamp and hold the spool by the circular grip part. 10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the first and second sensor are adjacent sensors. 11. The method according to claim 9 wherein the first and second sensor are one and the same. 12. A method for handling a spool by means of a gripper according to claim 1, said gripper having a reference axis, the spool having a circular grip part, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) Positioning the gripper in the vicinity of the spool, such that said reference axis is parallel to the axis of the spool to be gripped; (b) Providing a local controller for controlling the movement of said gripper; (d) Moving said gripper in said reference plane with said two or more sensors ahead of said reference axis while recording the travelled distance over a limited travel length; (e) Detect a first changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a first sensor and record the travelled distance at that changeover as a first point; (e′) Detect a second changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a second sensor and record the travelled distance at said second changeover as a second point; (e″) Detect a third changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a third sensor and record the travelled distance at said third changeover as a third point; (f′) Based on said first, second and third point: calculate the centre position of said circular grip part in said reference plane; (g) Move said reference axis to said calculated centre position; (h) Clamp and hold the spool by the circular grip part. 13. The method according to claim 12 wherein said third sensor is either said first or said second sensor. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein after step (b) the step (c) is introduced:
(c) Input the diameter of the circular grip part to said local controller from a global controller;
and after step (f′) step (f″) is introduced:
(f″) calculate the diameter of the circular grip part and emit an alarm when the calculated and input values differ by more than 5%; 15. The method according to claim 9, wherein in case step (d) ends at the limited travel length the gripper is repositioned to its original position and shifted along the line of said sensors over a shift that is equal to the distance between adjacent sensors times the number of sensors and the step of (d) is repeated. 16. The method according to claim 9 wherein said limited travel length ends when the gripper has travelled the diameter of the circular grip part after the detection of the first changeover. | The invention relates to a gripper (100) for finding, clamping and releasing spools (120) having a circular grip part (122) such as a flange or a bore hole as well as a method to operate such gripper. The gripper (100) comprises a driveable clamp (102) that is provided with a scanning system (106) comprising ‘presence-absence detectors’ (108) that detect the presence of the absence of the circular grip part (122). The gripper (100) is slowly moved over the flange of the spool and by means of the detectors (108) and some calculation the centre of the grip part (122) is identified followed by the gripping of the spool. The gripper (100) has the advantage that no back-and-forth movement is needed in order to locate the circular grip part (122).1. A gripper for finding, clamping and releasing a spool with a circular grip part comprising
(a) a driveable clamp for clamping and releasing said grip part on demand, said clamp having a reference axis, said reference axis coinciding with the axis of the spool when clamped, said clamp having a clamp size configured to the diameter of the circular grip part of the spool; (b) a scanning system for identifying the axis of the spool characterized in that said scanning system comprises two or more sensors organized equidistant along a line, said two or more sensors for sensing in a direction parallel to said reference axis the presence of the spool, said reference axis defining a reference plane perpendicular to said reference axis, wherein the distance between any two adjacent sensors is less than the clamp size. 2. The gripper of claim 1 wherein the distance between any two adjacent sensors is between one quarter and three quarters of the clamp size. 3. The gripper of claim 1 wherein said reference axis is situated on the perpendicular bisector between two adjacent sensors in the reference plane, said two adjacent sensors being closest to the reference axis. 4. The gripper of claim 1 wherein said reference axis is situated on the perpendicular to said line at one sensor. 5. The gripper according to claim 1 wherein the perpendicular distance in the reference plane between said reference axis and said line is less than the clamp size. 6. The gripper of claim 5 wherein the perpendicular distance in the reference plane between said reference axis and said line is more than half the clamp size. 7. The gripper according to claim 1 wherein the circular grip part is the bore hole of a spool, and said clamp is a shaft for insertion and holding in the bore hole, said clamp size corresponding to the diameter of said shaft 8. The gripper according to claim 1 wherein the circular grip part is the flange of the spool and said clamp is a flange clamp for clamping and holding at the flange, said clamp size corresponding to the diameter of said flange. 9. A method for handling a spool by means of a gripper according to claim 1, said gripper having a reference axis, the spool having a circular grip part, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) Positioning the gripper in the vicinity of the spool, such that said reference axis is parallel to the axis of the spool to be gripped; (b) Providing a local controller for controlling the movement of said gripper; (c) Input the diameter of the circular grip part to said local controller from a global controller; (d) Moving said gripper in said reference plane with said two or more sensors ahead of said reference axis while recording the travelled distance over a limited travel length; (e) Detect a first changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a first sensor and record the travelled distance at that changeover as a first point; (e′) Detect a second changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a second sensor and record the travelled distance at that changeover as a second point; (f) Based on said first and second point and said diameter: calculate the centre position of said circular grip part in said reference plane; (g) Move said reference axis to said calculated centre position; (h) Clamp and hold the spool by the circular grip part. 10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the first and second sensor are adjacent sensors. 11. The method according to claim 9 wherein the first and second sensor are one and the same. 12. A method for handling a spool by means of a gripper according to claim 1, said gripper having a reference axis, the spool having a circular grip part, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) Positioning the gripper in the vicinity of the spool, such that said reference axis is parallel to the axis of the spool to be gripped; (b) Providing a local controller for controlling the movement of said gripper; (d) Moving said gripper in said reference plane with said two or more sensors ahead of said reference axis while recording the travelled distance over a limited travel length; (e) Detect a first changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a first sensor and record the travelled distance at that changeover as a first point; (e′) Detect a second changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a second sensor and record the travelled distance at said second changeover as a second point; (e″) Detect a third changeover in the presence of the circular grip part at a third sensor and record the travelled distance at said third changeover as a third point; (f′) Based on said first, second and third point: calculate the centre position of said circular grip part in said reference plane; (g) Move said reference axis to said calculated centre position; (h) Clamp and hold the spool by the circular grip part. 13. The method according to claim 12 wherein said third sensor is either said first or said second sensor. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein after step (b) the step (c) is introduced:
(c) Input the diameter of the circular grip part to said local controller from a global controller;
and after step (f′) step (f″) is introduced:
(f″) calculate the diameter of the circular grip part and emit an alarm when the calculated and input values differ by more than 5%; 15. The method according to claim 9, wherein in case step (d) ends at the limited travel length the gripper is repositioned to its original position and shifted along the line of said sensors over a shift that is equal to the distance between adjacent sensors times the number of sensors and the step of (d) is repeated. 16. The method according to claim 9 wherein said limited travel length ends when the gripper has travelled the diameter of the circular grip part after the detection of the first changeover. | 1,600 |
342,828 | 16,642,546 | 1,632 | The present invention relates to novel compounds which are particularly useful for the synthesis of novel chromanol derivatives. These compounds have interesting properties. Particularly, the novel chromanol derivatives have interesting antioxidant properties as well as flavours and fragrances. | 1. A compound of formula (I) 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2′ is selected from the groups consisting of 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is of formula (I-A) 4. A compound of formula (IV) 5. A process of manufacturing the compound of formula (IV) 6. A compound of formula (VI) 7. A compound of formula (VII) 8. A process of manufacturing the compound of formula (II-A) 9. The process according to claim 8, which produces the compound of formula (VII): 10. A compound of formula (V) 11. A compound of formula (II-A) 12. A process of manufacturing the compound of formula (II-B) 13. A compound of formula (II-B) 14. A process of manufacturing a compound of formula (I-A) comprising the steps 15. A process for making the compound of formula (II-A): 16. A process of manufacturing a compound of formula (I-B) comprising the steps 17. A composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and a compound of formula (XI) 18. An antioxidant which comprises the compound of formula (I) according to claim 1. 19. A flavour or fragrance composition which comprises the compound of formula (IV), (VI), (VII), (V), (II-A) or (II-B) according to claim 4. 20. A process for making the compound of formula (II-B): | The present invention relates to novel compounds which are particularly useful for the synthesis of novel chromanol derivatives. These compounds have interesting properties. Particularly, the novel chromanol derivatives have interesting antioxidant properties as well as flavours and fragrances.1. A compound of formula (I) 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2′ is selected from the groups consisting of 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is of formula (I-A) 4. A compound of formula (IV) 5. A process of manufacturing the compound of formula (IV) 6. A compound of formula (VI) 7. A compound of formula (VII) 8. A process of manufacturing the compound of formula (II-A) 9. The process according to claim 8, which produces the compound of formula (VII): 10. A compound of formula (V) 11. A compound of formula (II-A) 12. A process of manufacturing the compound of formula (II-B) 13. A compound of formula (II-B) 14. A process of manufacturing a compound of formula (I-A) comprising the steps 15. A process for making the compound of formula (II-A): 16. A process of manufacturing a compound of formula (I-B) comprising the steps 17. A composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and a compound of formula (XI) 18. An antioxidant which comprises the compound of formula (I) according to claim 1. 19. A flavour or fragrance composition which comprises the compound of formula (IV), (VI), (VII), (V), (II-A) or (II-B) according to claim 4. 20. A process for making the compound of formula (II-B): | 1,600 |
342,829 | 16,642,531 | 1,632 | Provided is an online centralized monitoring and analysis system based on an electronic nose instrument for multi-point malodorous gases, and the system includes an electronic nose instrument, which connects with multiple monitoring points through pipes. On-site malodorous gases in the maximum range of 2.5 km are drawn into odor electronic nose instrument within 1.0 min by the external vacuum pump, and forced to flow through the annular gas sensor array for 30 s by the internal vacuum pump periodically. The modular convolution neural networks online learn the recent time-series responses of the gas sensor array and predict their coming responses, and the modular deep neural networks offline set up the relationship between the responses and multiple concentration items according to odor big data. The odor electronic nose instrument monitors up to 10 pollution sites cyclically and uses the cascade machine learning model to online predict one dimensionless unit and 10 specified-component concentration index values of malodorous gases. | 1. An online centralized monitoring and analysis system based on an electronic nose instrument for multi-point malodorous gases, comprising an odor electronic nose instrument (I), a plurality of gas sampling heads (II), an external vacuum pump (III), an ambient air purification device (IV), a clean air cylinder (V), gas pipelines, an electronic hygrometer (VI), a central control room (VII) and a plurality of stationary/mobile terminals (VIII), for long-term cyclical monitoring of 10 malodorous pollution sites, and online estimation and prediction of multiple concentration control index values of malodorous gases;
wherein the odor electronic nose instrument (I) comprises a gas sensor array (I-1) and a thermostatic working room (I(a)) of the gas sensor array, a multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)), and a computer control and data analyzing system (1(c)); the thermostatic working room (I(a)) of the gas sensor array is comprised of the gas sensor array and an annular working chamber of the gas sensor array, a thermal insulation layer (I-2), a resistance heating wire (I-3) and a fan (I-4); the gas sensor array (I-1) is comprised of 16 gas sensors, which are uniformly distributed in a sealed chamber having a middle diameter of 140 mm and a section size of 21 mm×17 mm to form the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array; the thermostatic working room (I(a)) is with a constant temperature of 55±0.1° C. and located at a top right of the odor electronic nose instrument (I); wherein the multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)) comprises an internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14), a first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), a second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1), a third two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-2), a fourth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-3), a fifth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-4), a sixth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-5), a seventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-6), an eighth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-7), a ninth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-8), a tenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-9), an eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), a twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8), a thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10), and a fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13), a throttle valve (I-11), a flowmeter (I-12), a vacuum pressure gauge (I-7), a gas buffer cavity (I-9); the multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)) is located at a lower right of the odor electronic nose instrument (I); wherein the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) comprises a computer mainboard (I-15), a data acquisition card (I-16), a monitor (I-17), a drive and control circuit module (I-18), a precision linear and switching power module (I-19), a hard disk, a network card, a video card; the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) is located on a left side of the odor electronic nose instrument (I); wherein the multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)) has a gas sampling period of T0=180-300 s for a malodorous gas at a single monitoring point, with a default value T0=240 s, so the gas sensor array (I-1) generates a 16-dimensional response vector for the single monitoring point; according to the 16-dimensional response vector, using, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) is configured to use a cascade machine learning model to perform real-time analysis and prediction of an olfactory concentration value of the malodorous gas at the single monitoring point, concentrations of eight compounds specified in a China national standard GB14554: NH3, H2S, CS2, C3H9N, CH4S, C2H6S, C2H6S2, C8H8, and concentrations of SO2 and the total volatile organic compound (TVOC) specified in a China national standard GB/T18883, totaling 10+1 items of the malodorous gas at the single monitoring point; and finally transmit, through wireless Internet, monitoring data and prediction results to the central control room (VII) and designated ones of the plurality of stationary/mobile terminals (VIII); the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to obtain; the 16-dimensional response vector every single gas sampling period T0, which is stored in a data file of a computer hard disk, use 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10) to sequentially control on-and-off of the malodorous gases at 10 monitoring points within a 4 km2 area, online monitor the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points by using the cyclic sampling period of T=10×T0 to obtain 10 monitoring data results, and sequentially store the 10 monitoring data results in 10 data files, wherein the 10 monitoring data results are a numerical basis for the odor electronic nose instrument (I) to realize cyclically online quantitative prediction of 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases; wherein the gas sampling period T0 comprises following five stages: an initial recovery stage of the gas sensor array lasting 95-215 s, an accurate calibration stage of clean air lasting 30 s, a balance stage lasting 5 s, a stage of a headspace sampling of the malodorous gases lasting 30 s and a flushing stage of purified ambient air lasting 20 s; in the gas sampling period T0, under a control of a computer, a two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k, k=1, 2, . . . , 10) corresponding to one of the 10 monitoring points is connected, and another nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves corresponding to another nine of the 10 monitoring points are disconnected; the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) draws a malodorous gas into the gas buffer cavity (I-9) with a flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, thereby enabling the malodorous gas to flow through the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array and skim over surfaces of the sensitive films of the gas sensor array, so that the gas sensor array generates sensitive responses lasting 30 s; from a beginning of the balance stage, the computer control and data analyzing system (1(c)) continuously records sensitive response data, wherein the sensitive response data comprises response data of the gas sensor array in following three stages, which last 45 s: the balance stage lasting 5 s, the stage of the headspace sampling of the malodorous gases lasting 30 s, and the flushing stage of the purified ambient air lasting first 10 s, which are temporarily stored in a text file; response data of other time slots in the gas sampling period T0 are not recorded; in the response data of 45 s, a difference between a steady-state maximum value and a minimum value of a response curve of a single gas sensor is extracted as a response component, so that the gas sensor array generates the 16-dimensional response vector; in 10 s after the end of the data recording, that is, a later 10 s of the purified ambient air flushing stage, the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) predicts the 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases based on the 16-dimensional response vector; wherein the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to perform long-term online monitoring of multiple monitoring points and online prediction of various concentration control index values of the malodorous gases in the pollution sites by executing the following operations: (1), a power-on operation: when the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is preheated for 30 minutes and an “Air purifier on” option on a screen menu is clicked, triggering the ambient air purification device (IV) to start purifying an ambient air where the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is located, and keeping the ambient air purification device (IV) working until an “Air purifier off” option is clicked; under a drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the purified ambient air sequentially flow through the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) with a flow rate of 6,500 ml/min, and then be discharged to outdoor; wherein a temperature in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) reaches a constant 55±0.1° C. from a room temperature; when an “External vacuum pump on” option on the screen menu is clicked; drawing, by the external vacuum pump (III) with a drawing flow rate of 250-280 l/min and a limit vacuum degree of 100-120 mbar, a malodorous gas at a certain monitoring point to the odor electronic nose instrument (I) with a linear distance of up to 2.5 km to the odor electronic nose instrument (I) within 1 minute through a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of ϕ10 mm, and then making the malodorous gas at the certain monitoring point flow through a corresponding two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) k=1, 2, . . . , 10, the vacuum pressure gauge (I-7) and the gas buffer cavity (I-9) and be directly discharged to the outdoor; keeping, by the external vacuum pump (III) draw the malodorous gas at the certain monitoring point until an “external vacuum pump off” option on the screen menu is clicked; modifying a setting of the gas sampling period T0 on the screen menu as a default value T0=4 minutes and modifying a cyclic sampling period of the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points as T=10×T0; (2), an operation for starting a cyclic sampling period of the malodorous gases: when a “start detection” button on the screen menu is clicked, sequentially monitoring, by the odor electronic nose instrument (I), the 10 monitoring points, and automatically generating, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), 10 text files in a designated folder to store the response data of the gas sensor array (I-1) to the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points; (3), an operation for starting a single sampling period of a malodorous gas at a monitoring point k; taking T0=240 seconds as an example, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , 10: (3.1), a preliminary recovery operation of the gas sensor array (I-1): in the 0-155 s of the gas sampling period T0, under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the purified ambient air sequentially flow through the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) with a flow rate of 6,500 ml/min, and then be discharged to the outdoor; so that the accumulated heat in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) is taken away under an action of the 6,500 ml/min purified ambient air, the malodorous gas molecules adhered to the sensitive membrane surfaces of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the inner walls of pipelines are preliminarily washed away, and the gas sensor array (I-1) preliminarily returns to a reference state which lasts 155 s; wherein among 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, another nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off, and the external vacuum pump (III) draws the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k into the odor electronic nose instrument (I), wherein k=1, 2, . . . , 10; (3.2), an accurate calibration operation of the gas sensor array by clean air: in 156-185 s range of the gas sampling period T0, the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) is on, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8), and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) are off, and among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only the one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, the other nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off; under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the clean air sequentially flow through the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13), the gas pipelines, the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), the throttle valve (I-11), the flowmeter (I-12) and the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) with the flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, and then be discharged to the outdoor; wherein the clean air makes the gas sensor array (I-1) accurately return to the reference state which lasts 30 s; and the external vacuum pump (III) keeps drawing for 30 seconds; (3.3), an operation of a balance stage: in 186-190 s of the gas sampling period T0, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8), the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) and the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) are disconnected, among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only the one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, the other nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off; and there is no gas flow in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1); from 186th second of the gas sampling period T0, recording and storing, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), real-time response data of the gas sensor array (I-1) in a designated temporary text file “temp.txt”; wherein the external vacuum pump (III) keeps drawing the malodorous gas for 5 seconds, (3.4), the headspace sampling operation of the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k: in 190-220 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8) is on, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) are off, and among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only the one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, the other nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off; under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the malodorous gas in the gas buffer cavity (I-9) sequentially flow through the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), the throttle valve (I-11), the flowmeter (I-12), the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) with a flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, and be finally discharged to the outdoor; wherein the sensitive responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) are recorded in the temporary file “temp.txt”, and the external vacuum pump (III) keeps drawing for 30 seconds; (3.5), a flushing operation of the gas sensor array: in the 221-230 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) are connected, and the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8) and the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) are disconnected; under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the purified ambient air sequentially flow through the first two position two-port solenoid valve (I-5), the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) with a flow rate of 6,500 ml/min, and then be discharged to the outdoor; at the same time, among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-(k+1)) is on, another nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off, and drawing, by the external vacuum pump (III), a malodorous gas at a monitoring point (k+1); due to the role of the purified ambient air, the accumulated heat in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) is taken away, the malodorous gas molecules adhered to the sensitive film surfaces of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the inner walls of the pipelines are preliminarily washed away, and the gas sensor array (I-1) gradually returns to the reference state, which takes 20 seconds, wherein: (a), in the 221-230 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, continuing to record the response data of the gas sensor array in the temporary file “temp.txt” which lasts 10 s; at the end of 230th second, stopping, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), recording the response data of the gas sensor array; (b), in the 231-240 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, performing, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), following three operations: (b1), a feature extraction: from the 231st second, extracting the maximum and the minimum steady-state response values of each gas sensor with a time duration of 45 seconds from the temporary file “temp.txt”, and taking and recording a difference between the maximum and the minimum response value as a characteristic response component xi(t) of each gas sensor to the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k at the current time t in a corresponding data file, wherein i=1, 2, . . . , 16; (b2), a response prediction of the gas sensor array: realizing, by the first level of the cascade machine learning model, an online self-learning action according to the time-series response vectors of the gas sensor array within a period that has occurred before the current time t, and predicting responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) in three future time points of T0, 2T0 and 3T0; wherein the first level of the cascade machine learning model is 16*3 convolutional neural networks and the period comprises three time segments of [t−18, t], [t−19, t−1] and [t−20, t−2]; (b3), a prediction of concentration control index values of the malodorous gases: continuing to predict, by the second level of the cascade machine learning model, the 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k according to the response values of the gas sensor array predicted by the 16*3 convolution neural networks in the first level of the cascade machine learning model, showing the 10+1 concentration control index values on the monitor, and transmitting monitoring and prediction results to a central control room (VII) and the plurality of stationary/mobile terminals (VIII) through the Internet network wherein the second level of the cascade machine learning model is 10+1 deep neural networks; (3.6), an ending operation of the gas sampling period T0 at the monitoring point k: k←k+1, returning to the step (3.1), and starting the gas sampling period T0 at the monitoring point k+1; if k+1>10, then starting to detect a malodorous gas at a monitoring point k=1 of a next gas sampling period; (4), repeating the steps (3.1)˜(3.6); so that the odor electronic nose instrument (I) realizes cyclically online measurement, identification and prediction of 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points. 2. (canceled) 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gas sensor array (I-1) is comprised of 11 metal oxide semiconducting (MOS) elements, 4 electrochemical (EC) elements and a photo ionization detector (PM); wherein the 11 MOS elements are configured to detect a plurality of organic/inorganic compounds; the 4 EC elements are configured to detect 4 inorganic compounds: NH3, H2S, CS2 and SO2; the PID is configured to detect the TVOC. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the online multi-point centralized monitoring and analysis system is operative to realize online monitoring and analysis of multi-point malodorous gases in a certain specific area; and 10 monitoring points are set in a maximum area of 2 km*2 km=4 km2, including 9 stationary monitoring points and 1 mobile monitoring point; the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is located indoor, which connects with each of the 10 monitoring points through a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of ϕ10 mm; each gas sampling head is in a form of a water tap, is connected to a commercial dedusting, dehumidification and purification part, and is installed or moved to a designated position; when a monitoring point is changed, the stainless steel pipe is relayed and the gas sampling head is re-installed and re-moved to the designated position. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein
eight or more of the 10 monitoring points are arranged around a boundary of a specified area, and a target is to make a total length of stainless steel pipelines between the odor electronic nose instrument (I) and the 10 monitoring points be a shortest value; for an area with accessible paths, the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to be arranged indoor in a center of the area, wherein the area with accessible paths comprises a chemical industrial park, a residential area and other areas with accessible paths; for an area without accessible paths, the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to be arranged indoor at a boundary of the area, wherein the area without accessible paths comprises a landfill, a sewage treatment plant and other areas without accessible paths. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the external vacuum pump (III) has a drawing rate of 250-280 l/min, a limit vacuum degree of 100-120 mbar, and is operative to work continuously for a long period of time;
the external vacuum pump (III) is configured to draw a malodorous gas at one of the 10 monitoring points with a linear distance of 2.5 km into the odor electronic nose instrument (I) through a stainless steel pipe of a ϕ10 mm inner diameter within less than 1 min; and in the gas sampling period T0, except for a 30 s headspace sampling stage, the external vacuum pump (III) is configured to make the malodorous gas flow into the odor electronic nose instrument (I) and be discharged to the outdoor directly, but not flow through the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1). 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gas buffer cavity (I-9) has a size of ϕ40 mm*5 mm and is set inside the odor electronic nose instrument (I); a flow rate of the malodorous gas measured in the gas buffer cavity (I-9) is 16 times lower than a flow rate in the stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of ϕ10 mm; only at a 30 s headspace sampling stage, the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) is configured to draws the malodorous gas in the gas buffer cavity (I-9) into the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), such that the gas sensor array (I-1) generates a sensitive response; wherein the malodorous gases drawn by the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) are always fresh. 8. The method system according to claim 1, wherein
before a headspace sampling stage of the malodorous gas, an accurate calibration stage of clean air, lasting 30 s with a flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, makes multiple perceptions of the gas sensor array (I-1) for the malodorous gases on a same baseline; a standard volume of a 12-15 MPa clean air cylinder (V) is 40 L, and the clean air is 6 m3 when the standard volume is converted to standard temperature and pressure; when the gas sampling period T0=3, 4 and 5 minutes, a bottle of 40L compressed clean air is respectively used for 25, 33 and 41 days; and an outdoor ambient air where the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is located is first purified by the ambient air purification device (IV), and then is used to flush the gas sensor array (I-1), so as to primarily restore the gas sensor array (I-1) to a reference state and reduce an operation cost. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein a set of big data of the malodorous gases comprises:
(1), online detection data monitored by the gas sensor array (I-1) for a large number of malodorous pollutants in chemical industrial parks including fragrance and flavor factories, pharmaceutical factories, landfill sites, sewage treatment plants, farm and neighboring residential areas; (2), off-line laboratory test data monitored by the gas sensor array (I-1) for a large number of headspace volatile gases of standard malodorous samples, including 5 standard odorants specified in a China national standard GB/T14675, the standard malodorous samples made up of nine single-component malodorous pollutants with different concentrations designated by GB14554: C3H9N, C8H8, H2S, CH4S, C2H6S, C2H6S2, NH3, CS2, and SO2 by GB/T18883, and standard malodorous samples of mixed components prepared with different concentrations of multiple single compounds, wherein the 5 standard odorants are β-phenylethanol, isovaleric acid, methylcyclopentanone, peach aldehyde and β-methylindole; (3), off-line panel evaluation data of olfactory concentration values specified in GB/T14675 and a China industry standard HJ 905-2017 for the malodorous gases sampled by vacuum bottles or bags at a large number of malodorous sites and immediately transported back to laboratories; (4), off-line TVOC data by gas chromatography, and off-line SO2 data obtained by spectrophotometry, depending upon the malodorous pollutants in Tenax GC/TA adsorption tubes sampled on sites according to GB/T18883; (5), off-line laboratory test data of 8 malodorous components specified in China national standards from GB/T14676 to GB/T14680 by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry for the on-site sampling malodorous pollutants; and (6), residents' complaint data in vicinities of malodorous pollution sources. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein
the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to use the cascade machine learning model to predict olfactory concentration values of the malodorous gases and several specified concentration control index values of malodorous gases in time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3 in a near future; wherein a first level of the cascade machine learning model, is responsible for predicting responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) to the malodorous gases in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3, based on occurred time-series responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) at a current time t and a recent past, wherein the first level of the cascade machine learning model is a layer of convolutional neural networks; wherein a second level of the cascade machine learning model, further predicts the olfactory concentration values of the malodorous gases and multiple specified concentration control index values of various malodorous gases in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3, based on long-term accumulation of big data of the malodorous gases and the prediction values of the first-level, wherein the second level of the cascade machine learning model is a layer of deep neural networks. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein
according to a “divide-and-conquer” strategy, a first level of the cascade machine learning model is configured to use 16*3 groups of single-output single-hidden-layer convolution neural networks to predict responses of each gas sensor in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3; for a single gas sampling period of T0=4 minutes, predict responses at 40, 80 and 120 minutes in a coming future from a current time t; when three single-output single-hidden-layer convolution neural network modules with the gas sampling period of T0=4 minutes are used to respectively predict the responses of a gas sensor i in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3: (a), a single-output single-hidden-layer convolution neural network CNNi1 is configured to predict, a response of a gas sensor i in the time point of t+1: if the convolutional neural network CNNi1 is used to learn 18 time-series response data of the gas sensor i that have occurred before the current time t, a delay length Δt=9, then a number of input nodes is mi=9, a number of hidden nodes is hi=5, and a number of output nodes is ni=1; a preprocessed time-series response data set Xi1 of the gas sensor i learned online by the convolutional neural network CNNi1 is: 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein
according to a “divide-and-conquer” strategy, an overall prediction problem of 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases, including NH3, H2S, CS2, C3H9N, CH4S, C2H6S, C2H6S2, C8H8, SO2, TVOC and the olfactory concentration values of the malodorous gases is divided into 11 single concentration prediction problems; a second level of the cascade machine learning model is configured to use 10+1 single-output three-hidden-layer deep neural network modules to predict a 10+1 malodorous pollution control index values; wherein a training set of a single-output deep neural network is big data online detected by the gas sensor array (I-1) of the odor electronic nose instrument (I) for standard malodorous liquid/gas samples and a large number of malodorous pollutants; wherein target outputs are the olfactory evaluation values, off-line measurement values of conventional instruments such as a gas chromatographer, mass spectrometer and spectrophotometer, and data of residents' complaints; each single-output three-hidden-layer deep neural network DNNj is configured to adopt a bottom-up off-line learning manner; wherein parameters of a first hidden layer and a second hidden layer are determined by a single-hidden-layer peer-to-peer neural network, wherein the single-hidden-layer peer-to-peer neural network represents that weights of a hidden-to-output layer are directly equal to weights of an input-to-hidden layer and the target outputs are directly equal to input values; wherein input and output components are proportionally transformed to a range of [0, 3]; wherein an activation function of hidden units of each single-hidden-layer peer-to-peer neural network are modified sigmoid functions ƒ(φ)=3/(1+exp(−φ/3)), an error back-propagation algorithm is adopted, a learning factor is ηj=1/Nj, and the hidden-to-output layer is discarded after ending a learning operation, wherein Nj is a number of samples in the big data of the malodorous gases; a jth single-output deep neural network DNNj is configured to, based on the predicted responses of 16 convolutional neural networks to the gas sensor array (I-1) in the time point of t+1, {x1(t+1), x2(t+1), . . . , x16(t+1)}, predict a jth concentration index value yj(t+1) of the malodorous gas in the time point of t+1; the DNNj is configured to, according to the predicted responses of 16 convolutional neural networks, {x1(t+2), x2(t+2), . . . , x16(t+2)} and {x1(t+3), x2(t+3), . . . , x16(t+3)}, respectively predict jth concentration index values yj(t+2) and yj(t+3) of the malodorous gas in the time points of t+2 and t+3; if an actual input is a current response vector of the gas sensor array, x(t)=(x1(t), x2(t), . . . , x16(t))T, temperature and humidity values at the current time t are added if necessary, wherein an actual output of DNNj is an estimation of a current concentration value yj(t) of a component j of the malodorous gas. 13. (canceled) | Provided is an online centralized monitoring and analysis system based on an electronic nose instrument for multi-point malodorous gases, and the system includes an electronic nose instrument, which connects with multiple monitoring points through pipes. On-site malodorous gases in the maximum range of 2.5 km are drawn into odor electronic nose instrument within 1.0 min by the external vacuum pump, and forced to flow through the annular gas sensor array for 30 s by the internal vacuum pump periodically. The modular convolution neural networks online learn the recent time-series responses of the gas sensor array and predict their coming responses, and the modular deep neural networks offline set up the relationship between the responses and multiple concentration items according to odor big data. The odor electronic nose instrument monitors up to 10 pollution sites cyclically and uses the cascade machine learning model to online predict one dimensionless unit and 10 specified-component concentration index values of malodorous gases.1. An online centralized monitoring and analysis system based on an electronic nose instrument for multi-point malodorous gases, comprising an odor electronic nose instrument (I), a plurality of gas sampling heads (II), an external vacuum pump (III), an ambient air purification device (IV), a clean air cylinder (V), gas pipelines, an electronic hygrometer (VI), a central control room (VII) and a plurality of stationary/mobile terminals (VIII), for long-term cyclical monitoring of 10 malodorous pollution sites, and online estimation and prediction of multiple concentration control index values of malodorous gases;
wherein the odor electronic nose instrument (I) comprises a gas sensor array (I-1) and a thermostatic working room (I(a)) of the gas sensor array, a multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)), and a computer control and data analyzing system (1(c)); the thermostatic working room (I(a)) of the gas sensor array is comprised of the gas sensor array and an annular working chamber of the gas sensor array, a thermal insulation layer (I-2), a resistance heating wire (I-3) and a fan (I-4); the gas sensor array (I-1) is comprised of 16 gas sensors, which are uniformly distributed in a sealed chamber having a middle diameter of 140 mm and a section size of 21 mm×17 mm to form the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array; the thermostatic working room (I(a)) is with a constant temperature of 55±0.1° C. and located at a top right of the odor electronic nose instrument (I); wherein the multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)) comprises an internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14), a first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), a second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1), a third two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-2), a fourth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-3), a fifth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-4), a sixth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-5), a seventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-6), an eighth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-7), a ninth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-8), a tenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-9), an eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), a twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8), a thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10), and a fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13), a throttle valve (I-11), a flowmeter (I-12), a vacuum pressure gauge (I-7), a gas buffer cavity (I-9); the multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)) is located at a lower right of the odor electronic nose instrument (I); wherein the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) comprises a computer mainboard (I-15), a data acquisition card (I-16), a monitor (I-17), a drive and control circuit module (I-18), a precision linear and switching power module (I-19), a hard disk, a network card, a video card; the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) is located on a left side of the odor electronic nose instrument (I); wherein the multi-point centralized auto-sampling system (I(b)) has a gas sampling period of T0=180-300 s for a malodorous gas at a single monitoring point, with a default value T0=240 s, so the gas sensor array (I-1) generates a 16-dimensional response vector for the single monitoring point; according to the 16-dimensional response vector, using, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) is configured to use a cascade machine learning model to perform real-time analysis and prediction of an olfactory concentration value of the malodorous gas at the single monitoring point, concentrations of eight compounds specified in a China national standard GB14554: NH3, H2S, CS2, C3H9N, CH4S, C2H6S, C2H6S2, C8H8, and concentrations of SO2 and the total volatile organic compound (TVOC) specified in a China national standard GB/T18883, totaling 10+1 items of the malodorous gas at the single monitoring point; and finally transmit, through wireless Internet, monitoring data and prediction results to the central control room (VII) and designated ones of the plurality of stationary/mobile terminals (VIII); the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to obtain; the 16-dimensional response vector every single gas sampling period T0, which is stored in a data file of a computer hard disk, use 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10) to sequentially control on-and-off of the malodorous gases at 10 monitoring points within a 4 km2 area, online monitor the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points by using the cyclic sampling period of T=10×T0 to obtain 10 monitoring data results, and sequentially store the 10 monitoring data results in 10 data files, wherein the 10 monitoring data results are a numerical basis for the odor electronic nose instrument (I) to realize cyclically online quantitative prediction of 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases; wherein the gas sampling period T0 comprises following five stages: an initial recovery stage of the gas sensor array lasting 95-215 s, an accurate calibration stage of clean air lasting 30 s, a balance stage lasting 5 s, a stage of a headspace sampling of the malodorous gases lasting 30 s and a flushing stage of purified ambient air lasting 20 s; in the gas sampling period T0, under a control of a computer, a two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k, k=1, 2, . . . , 10) corresponding to one of the 10 monitoring points is connected, and another nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves corresponding to another nine of the 10 monitoring points are disconnected; the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) draws a malodorous gas into the gas buffer cavity (I-9) with a flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, thereby enabling the malodorous gas to flow through the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array and skim over surfaces of the sensitive films of the gas sensor array, so that the gas sensor array generates sensitive responses lasting 30 s; from a beginning of the balance stage, the computer control and data analyzing system (1(c)) continuously records sensitive response data, wherein the sensitive response data comprises response data of the gas sensor array in following three stages, which last 45 s: the balance stage lasting 5 s, the stage of the headspace sampling of the malodorous gases lasting 30 s, and the flushing stage of the purified ambient air lasting first 10 s, which are temporarily stored in a text file; response data of other time slots in the gas sampling period T0 are not recorded; in the response data of 45 s, a difference between a steady-state maximum value and a minimum value of a response curve of a single gas sensor is extracted as a response component, so that the gas sensor array generates the 16-dimensional response vector; in 10 s after the end of the data recording, that is, a later 10 s of the purified ambient air flushing stage, the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)) predicts the 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases based on the 16-dimensional response vector; wherein the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to perform long-term online monitoring of multiple monitoring points and online prediction of various concentration control index values of the malodorous gases in the pollution sites by executing the following operations: (1), a power-on operation: when the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is preheated for 30 minutes and an “Air purifier on” option on a screen menu is clicked, triggering the ambient air purification device (IV) to start purifying an ambient air where the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is located, and keeping the ambient air purification device (IV) working until an “Air purifier off” option is clicked; under a drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the purified ambient air sequentially flow through the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) with a flow rate of 6,500 ml/min, and then be discharged to outdoor; wherein a temperature in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) reaches a constant 55±0.1° C. from a room temperature; when an “External vacuum pump on” option on the screen menu is clicked; drawing, by the external vacuum pump (III) with a drawing flow rate of 250-280 l/min and a limit vacuum degree of 100-120 mbar, a malodorous gas at a certain monitoring point to the odor electronic nose instrument (I) with a linear distance of up to 2.5 km to the odor electronic nose instrument (I) within 1 minute through a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of ϕ10 mm, and then making the malodorous gas at the certain monitoring point flow through a corresponding two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) k=1, 2, . . . , 10, the vacuum pressure gauge (I-7) and the gas buffer cavity (I-9) and be directly discharged to the outdoor; keeping, by the external vacuum pump (III) draw the malodorous gas at the certain monitoring point until an “external vacuum pump off” option on the screen menu is clicked; modifying a setting of the gas sampling period T0 on the screen menu as a default value T0=4 minutes and modifying a cyclic sampling period of the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points as T=10×T0; (2), an operation for starting a cyclic sampling period of the malodorous gases: when a “start detection” button on the screen menu is clicked, sequentially monitoring, by the odor electronic nose instrument (I), the 10 monitoring points, and automatically generating, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), 10 text files in a designated folder to store the response data of the gas sensor array (I-1) to the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points; (3), an operation for starting a single sampling period of a malodorous gas at a monitoring point k; taking T0=240 seconds as an example, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , 10: (3.1), a preliminary recovery operation of the gas sensor array (I-1): in the 0-155 s of the gas sampling period T0, under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the purified ambient air sequentially flow through the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) with a flow rate of 6,500 ml/min, and then be discharged to the outdoor; so that the accumulated heat in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) is taken away under an action of the 6,500 ml/min purified ambient air, the malodorous gas molecules adhered to the sensitive membrane surfaces of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the inner walls of pipelines are preliminarily washed away, and the gas sensor array (I-1) preliminarily returns to a reference state which lasts 155 s; wherein among 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, another nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off, and the external vacuum pump (III) draws the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k into the odor electronic nose instrument (I), wherein k=1, 2, . . . , 10; (3.2), an accurate calibration operation of the gas sensor array by clean air: in 156-185 s range of the gas sampling period T0, the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) is on, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8), and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) are off, and among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only the one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, the other nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off; under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the clean air sequentially flow through the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13), the gas pipelines, the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), the throttle valve (I-11), the flowmeter (I-12) and the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) with the flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, and then be discharged to the outdoor; wherein the clean air makes the gas sensor array (I-1) accurately return to the reference state which lasts 30 s; and the external vacuum pump (III) keeps drawing for 30 seconds; (3.3), an operation of a balance stage: in 186-190 s of the gas sampling period T0, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8), the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) and the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) are disconnected, among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only the one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, the other nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off; and there is no gas flow in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1); from 186th second of the gas sampling period T0, recording and storing, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), real-time response data of the gas sensor array (I-1) in a designated temporary text file “temp.txt”; wherein the external vacuum pump (III) keeps drawing the malodorous gas for 5 seconds, (3.4), the headspace sampling operation of the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k: in 190-220 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8) is on, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5), the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) are off, and among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only the one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-k) is on, the other nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off; under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the malodorous gas in the gas buffer cavity (I-9) sequentially flow through the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), the throttle valve (I-11), the flowmeter (I-12), the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) with a flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, and be finally discharged to the outdoor; wherein the sensitive responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) are recorded in the temporary file “temp.txt”, and the external vacuum pump (III) keeps drawing for 30 seconds; (3.5), a flushing operation of the gas sensor array: in the 221-230 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, the first two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-5) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) are connected, and the twelfth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-8) and the fourteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-13) are disconnected; under the drawing action of the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) inside the ambient air purification device (IV), making the purified ambient air sequentially flow through the first two position two-port solenoid valve (I-5), the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the thirteenth two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-10) with a flow rate of 6,500 ml/min, and then be discharged to the outdoor; at the same time, among the 10 two-position two-port electromagnetic valves from the second two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-1) to the eleventh two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-10), only one two-position two-port electromagnetic valve (I-6-(k+1)) is on, another nine two-position two-port electromagnetic valves are off, and drawing, by the external vacuum pump (III), a malodorous gas at a monitoring point (k+1); due to the role of the purified ambient air, the accumulated heat in the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1) is taken away, the malodorous gas molecules adhered to the sensitive film surfaces of the gas sensor array (I-1) and the inner walls of the pipelines are preliminarily washed away, and the gas sensor array (I-1) gradually returns to the reference state, which takes 20 seconds, wherein: (a), in the 221-230 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, continuing to record the response data of the gas sensor array in the temporary file “temp.txt” which lasts 10 s; at the end of 230th second, stopping, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), recording the response data of the gas sensor array; (b), in the 231-240 seconds of the gas sampling period T0, performing, by the computer control and data analyzing system (I(c)), following three operations: (b1), a feature extraction: from the 231st second, extracting the maximum and the minimum steady-state response values of each gas sensor with a time duration of 45 seconds from the temporary file “temp.txt”, and taking and recording a difference between the maximum and the minimum response value as a characteristic response component xi(t) of each gas sensor to the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k at the current time t in a corresponding data file, wherein i=1, 2, . . . , 16; (b2), a response prediction of the gas sensor array: realizing, by the first level of the cascade machine learning model, an online self-learning action according to the time-series response vectors of the gas sensor array within a period that has occurred before the current time t, and predicting responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) in three future time points of T0, 2T0 and 3T0; wherein the first level of the cascade machine learning model is 16*3 convolutional neural networks and the period comprises three time segments of [t−18, t], [t−19, t−1] and [t−20, t−2]; (b3), a prediction of concentration control index values of the malodorous gases: continuing to predict, by the second level of the cascade machine learning model, the 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gas at the monitoring point k according to the response values of the gas sensor array predicted by the 16*3 convolution neural networks in the first level of the cascade machine learning model, showing the 10+1 concentration control index values on the monitor, and transmitting monitoring and prediction results to a central control room (VII) and the plurality of stationary/mobile terminals (VIII) through the Internet network wherein the second level of the cascade machine learning model is 10+1 deep neural networks; (3.6), an ending operation of the gas sampling period T0 at the monitoring point k: k←k+1, returning to the step (3.1), and starting the gas sampling period T0 at the monitoring point k+1; if k+1>10, then starting to detect a malodorous gas at a monitoring point k=1 of a next gas sampling period; (4), repeating the steps (3.1)˜(3.6); so that the odor electronic nose instrument (I) realizes cyclically online measurement, identification and prediction of 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases at the 10 monitoring points. 2. (canceled) 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gas sensor array (I-1) is comprised of 11 metal oxide semiconducting (MOS) elements, 4 electrochemical (EC) elements and a photo ionization detector (PM); wherein the 11 MOS elements are configured to detect a plurality of organic/inorganic compounds; the 4 EC elements are configured to detect 4 inorganic compounds: NH3, H2S, CS2 and SO2; the PID is configured to detect the TVOC. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the online multi-point centralized monitoring and analysis system is operative to realize online monitoring and analysis of multi-point malodorous gases in a certain specific area; and 10 monitoring points are set in a maximum area of 2 km*2 km=4 km2, including 9 stationary monitoring points and 1 mobile monitoring point; the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is located indoor, which connects with each of the 10 monitoring points through a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of ϕ10 mm; each gas sampling head is in a form of a water tap, is connected to a commercial dedusting, dehumidification and purification part, and is installed or moved to a designated position; when a monitoring point is changed, the stainless steel pipe is relayed and the gas sampling head is re-installed and re-moved to the designated position. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein
eight or more of the 10 monitoring points are arranged around a boundary of a specified area, and a target is to make a total length of stainless steel pipelines between the odor electronic nose instrument (I) and the 10 monitoring points be a shortest value; for an area with accessible paths, the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to be arranged indoor in a center of the area, wherein the area with accessible paths comprises a chemical industrial park, a residential area and other areas with accessible paths; for an area without accessible paths, the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to be arranged indoor at a boundary of the area, wherein the area without accessible paths comprises a landfill, a sewage treatment plant and other areas without accessible paths. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the external vacuum pump (III) has a drawing rate of 250-280 l/min, a limit vacuum degree of 100-120 mbar, and is operative to work continuously for a long period of time;
the external vacuum pump (III) is configured to draw a malodorous gas at one of the 10 monitoring points with a linear distance of 2.5 km into the odor electronic nose instrument (I) through a stainless steel pipe of a ϕ10 mm inner diameter within less than 1 min; and in the gas sampling period T0, except for a 30 s headspace sampling stage, the external vacuum pump (III) is configured to make the malodorous gas flow into the odor electronic nose instrument (I) and be discharged to the outdoor directly, but not flow through the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1). 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gas buffer cavity (I-9) has a size of ϕ40 mm*5 mm and is set inside the odor electronic nose instrument (I); a flow rate of the malodorous gas measured in the gas buffer cavity (I-9) is 16 times lower than a flow rate in the stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of ϕ10 mm; only at a 30 s headspace sampling stage, the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) is configured to draws the malodorous gas in the gas buffer cavity (I-9) into the annular working chamber of the gas sensor array (I-1), such that the gas sensor array (I-1) generates a sensitive response; wherein the malodorous gases drawn by the internal miniature vacuum pump (I-14) are always fresh. 8. The method system according to claim 1, wherein
before a headspace sampling stage of the malodorous gas, an accurate calibration stage of clean air, lasting 30 s with a flow rate of 1,000 ml/min, makes multiple perceptions of the gas sensor array (I-1) for the malodorous gases on a same baseline; a standard volume of a 12-15 MPa clean air cylinder (V) is 40 L, and the clean air is 6 m3 when the standard volume is converted to standard temperature and pressure; when the gas sampling period T0=3, 4 and 5 minutes, a bottle of 40L compressed clean air is respectively used for 25, 33 and 41 days; and an outdoor ambient air where the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is located is first purified by the ambient air purification device (IV), and then is used to flush the gas sensor array (I-1), so as to primarily restore the gas sensor array (I-1) to a reference state and reduce an operation cost. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein a set of big data of the malodorous gases comprises:
(1), online detection data monitored by the gas sensor array (I-1) for a large number of malodorous pollutants in chemical industrial parks including fragrance and flavor factories, pharmaceutical factories, landfill sites, sewage treatment plants, farm and neighboring residential areas; (2), off-line laboratory test data monitored by the gas sensor array (I-1) for a large number of headspace volatile gases of standard malodorous samples, including 5 standard odorants specified in a China national standard GB/T14675, the standard malodorous samples made up of nine single-component malodorous pollutants with different concentrations designated by GB14554: C3H9N, C8H8, H2S, CH4S, C2H6S, C2H6S2, NH3, CS2, and SO2 by GB/T18883, and standard malodorous samples of mixed components prepared with different concentrations of multiple single compounds, wherein the 5 standard odorants are β-phenylethanol, isovaleric acid, methylcyclopentanone, peach aldehyde and β-methylindole; (3), off-line panel evaluation data of olfactory concentration values specified in GB/T14675 and a China industry standard HJ 905-2017 for the malodorous gases sampled by vacuum bottles or bags at a large number of malodorous sites and immediately transported back to laboratories; (4), off-line TVOC data by gas chromatography, and off-line SO2 data obtained by spectrophotometry, depending upon the malodorous pollutants in Tenax GC/TA adsorption tubes sampled on sites according to GB/T18883; (5), off-line laboratory test data of 8 malodorous components specified in China national standards from GB/T14676 to GB/T14680 by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry for the on-site sampling malodorous pollutants; and (6), residents' complaint data in vicinities of malodorous pollution sources. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein
the odor electronic nose instrument (I) is configured to use the cascade machine learning model to predict olfactory concentration values of the malodorous gases and several specified concentration control index values of malodorous gases in time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3 in a near future; wherein a first level of the cascade machine learning model, is responsible for predicting responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) to the malodorous gases in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3, based on occurred time-series responses of the gas sensor array (I-1) at a current time t and a recent past, wherein the first level of the cascade machine learning model is a layer of convolutional neural networks; wherein a second level of the cascade machine learning model, further predicts the olfactory concentration values of the malodorous gases and multiple specified concentration control index values of various malodorous gases in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3, based on long-term accumulation of big data of the malodorous gases and the prediction values of the first-level, wherein the second level of the cascade machine learning model is a layer of deep neural networks. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein
according to a “divide-and-conquer” strategy, a first level of the cascade machine learning model is configured to use 16*3 groups of single-output single-hidden-layer convolution neural networks to predict responses of each gas sensor in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3; for a single gas sampling period of T0=4 minutes, predict responses at 40, 80 and 120 minutes in a coming future from a current time t; when three single-output single-hidden-layer convolution neural network modules with the gas sampling period of T0=4 minutes are used to respectively predict the responses of a gas sensor i in the time points of t+1, t+2 and t+3: (a), a single-output single-hidden-layer convolution neural network CNNi1 is configured to predict, a response of a gas sensor i in the time point of t+1: if the convolutional neural network CNNi1 is used to learn 18 time-series response data of the gas sensor i that have occurred before the current time t, a delay length Δt=9, then a number of input nodes is mi=9, a number of hidden nodes is hi=5, and a number of output nodes is ni=1; a preprocessed time-series response data set Xi1 of the gas sensor i learned online by the convolutional neural network CNNi1 is: 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein
according to a “divide-and-conquer” strategy, an overall prediction problem of 10+1 concentration control index values of the malodorous gases, including NH3, H2S, CS2, C3H9N, CH4S, C2H6S, C2H6S2, C8H8, SO2, TVOC and the olfactory concentration values of the malodorous gases is divided into 11 single concentration prediction problems; a second level of the cascade machine learning model is configured to use 10+1 single-output three-hidden-layer deep neural network modules to predict a 10+1 malodorous pollution control index values; wherein a training set of a single-output deep neural network is big data online detected by the gas sensor array (I-1) of the odor electronic nose instrument (I) for standard malodorous liquid/gas samples and a large number of malodorous pollutants; wherein target outputs are the olfactory evaluation values, off-line measurement values of conventional instruments such as a gas chromatographer, mass spectrometer and spectrophotometer, and data of residents' complaints; each single-output three-hidden-layer deep neural network DNNj is configured to adopt a bottom-up off-line learning manner; wherein parameters of a first hidden layer and a second hidden layer are determined by a single-hidden-layer peer-to-peer neural network, wherein the single-hidden-layer peer-to-peer neural network represents that weights of a hidden-to-output layer are directly equal to weights of an input-to-hidden layer and the target outputs are directly equal to input values; wherein input and output components are proportionally transformed to a range of [0, 3]; wherein an activation function of hidden units of each single-hidden-layer peer-to-peer neural network are modified sigmoid functions ƒ(φ)=3/(1+exp(−φ/3)), an error back-propagation algorithm is adopted, a learning factor is ηj=1/Nj, and the hidden-to-output layer is discarded after ending a learning operation, wherein Nj is a number of samples in the big data of the malodorous gases; a jth single-output deep neural network DNNj is configured to, based on the predicted responses of 16 convolutional neural networks to the gas sensor array (I-1) in the time point of t+1, {x1(t+1), x2(t+1), . . . , x16(t+1)}, predict a jth concentration index value yj(t+1) of the malodorous gas in the time point of t+1; the DNNj is configured to, according to the predicted responses of 16 convolutional neural networks, {x1(t+2), x2(t+2), . . . , x16(t+2)} and {x1(t+3), x2(t+3), . . . , x16(t+3)}, respectively predict jth concentration index values yj(t+2) and yj(t+3) of the malodorous gas in the time points of t+2 and t+3; if an actual input is a current response vector of the gas sensor array, x(t)=(x1(t), x2(t), . . . , x16(t))T, temperature and humidity values at the current time t are added if necessary, wherein an actual output of DNNj is an estimation of a current concentration value yj(t) of a component j of the malodorous gas. 13. (canceled) | 1,600 |
342,830 | 16,642,556 | 1,632 | Surface image data relating to an upper cover rubber is continuously and successively captured by a surface camera device and input to a computation device. Each piece of surface image data is stored in a database in association with data on the circumferential position of that surface image data on a conveyor belt and data on the time at which that surface image data was captured. An input unit is used to display any piece of surface image data on a monitor, register surface image data in which a predetermined defect is present on the surface of the upper cover rubber in the database as data to be monitored, and automatically register in the database surface image data having the same circumferential position data as the data to be monitored as related data to be monitored. Such monitoring system determines the state of damage of a cover rubber surface. | 1. A monitoring system for a conveyor belt comprising:
a surface camera device that is installed at a predetermined position of a conveyor line and can continuously and successively capture surface image data relating to a conveyor belt rubber cover while the conveyor belt travels; a computation device that receives input of the surface image data; a monitor communicably connected to the computation device; and an input unit that inputs an instruction to the computation device, each piece of surface image data being stored in a database of the computation device in association with data on a circumferential position of that piece of surface image data on the conveyor belt and data on the time at which that piece of surface image data is captured; the monitor being able to display any piece of surface image data from the database in response to an instruction from the input unit; surface image data among the displayed surface image data in which a predetermined defect is present on the surface of the rubber cover being registered in the database as data to be monitored in response to an instruction from the input unit; and surface image data having the same circumferential position data as the data to be monitored being automatically registered in the database as related data to be monitored. 2. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, wherein the surface image data registered as the data to be monitored and the related data to be monitored is displayed on the monitor in a time series in response to an instruction from the input unit. 3. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, wherein the size of the predetermined defect on the surface image data displayed on the monitor is identified, and the identified size is input to the computation device in response to an instruction from the input unit and registered in the database in association with surface image data in which a predetermined defect having the identified size is present. 4. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 3, wherein the change over time of the identified size of the predetermined defect is displayed on the monitor in response to an instruction from the input unit. 5. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, further comprising a conveyed object camera device that can successively capture conveyed object image data relating to conveyed objects that are fed onto the rubber cover,
wherein each piece of conveyed object image data is stored in the database in association with data on the time at which that piece of conveyed object image data is captured. 6. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, further comprising a mistracking camera device that can continuously and successively capture mistracking determination image data obtained by capturing, in plan view, a longitudinal predetermined range of the conveyor belt while the conveyor belt travels, wherein:
each piece of mistracking determination image data is stored in the database in association with data on the time at which that piece of mistracking determination image data is captured; any piece of mistracking determination image data from the database can be displayed on the monitor in response to an instruction from the input unit; and a mistracking amount of the conveyor belt on the mistracking determination image data displayed on the monitor is calculated by the computation device and registered in the database in association with the mistracking determination image data for which the mistracking amount has been calculated. 7. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, further comprising an amount of wear detection device that can continuously and successively detect an amount of wear on the rubber cover,
wherein each amount of wear is stored in the database in association with data on time at which that amount of wear is detected. | Surface image data relating to an upper cover rubber is continuously and successively captured by a surface camera device and input to a computation device. Each piece of surface image data is stored in a database in association with data on the circumferential position of that surface image data on a conveyor belt and data on the time at which that surface image data was captured. An input unit is used to display any piece of surface image data on a monitor, register surface image data in which a predetermined defect is present on the surface of the upper cover rubber in the database as data to be monitored, and automatically register in the database surface image data having the same circumferential position data as the data to be monitored as related data to be monitored. Such monitoring system determines the state of damage of a cover rubber surface.1. A monitoring system for a conveyor belt comprising:
a surface camera device that is installed at a predetermined position of a conveyor line and can continuously and successively capture surface image data relating to a conveyor belt rubber cover while the conveyor belt travels; a computation device that receives input of the surface image data; a monitor communicably connected to the computation device; and an input unit that inputs an instruction to the computation device, each piece of surface image data being stored in a database of the computation device in association with data on a circumferential position of that piece of surface image data on the conveyor belt and data on the time at which that piece of surface image data is captured; the monitor being able to display any piece of surface image data from the database in response to an instruction from the input unit; surface image data among the displayed surface image data in which a predetermined defect is present on the surface of the rubber cover being registered in the database as data to be monitored in response to an instruction from the input unit; and surface image data having the same circumferential position data as the data to be monitored being automatically registered in the database as related data to be monitored. 2. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, wherein the surface image data registered as the data to be monitored and the related data to be monitored is displayed on the monitor in a time series in response to an instruction from the input unit. 3. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, wherein the size of the predetermined defect on the surface image data displayed on the monitor is identified, and the identified size is input to the computation device in response to an instruction from the input unit and registered in the database in association with surface image data in which a predetermined defect having the identified size is present. 4. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 3, wherein the change over time of the identified size of the predetermined defect is displayed on the monitor in response to an instruction from the input unit. 5. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, further comprising a conveyed object camera device that can successively capture conveyed object image data relating to conveyed objects that are fed onto the rubber cover,
wherein each piece of conveyed object image data is stored in the database in association with data on the time at which that piece of conveyed object image data is captured. 6. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, further comprising a mistracking camera device that can continuously and successively capture mistracking determination image data obtained by capturing, in plan view, a longitudinal predetermined range of the conveyor belt while the conveyor belt travels, wherein:
each piece of mistracking determination image data is stored in the database in association with data on the time at which that piece of mistracking determination image data is captured; any piece of mistracking determination image data from the database can be displayed on the monitor in response to an instruction from the input unit; and a mistracking amount of the conveyor belt on the mistracking determination image data displayed on the monitor is calculated by the computation device and registered in the database in association with the mistracking determination image data for which the mistracking amount has been calculated. 7. The monitoring system for a conveyor belt according to claim 1, further comprising an amount of wear detection device that can continuously and successively detect an amount of wear on the rubber cover,
wherein each amount of wear is stored in the database in association with data on time at which that amount of wear is detected. | 1,600 |
342,831 | 16,642,548 | 1,632 | An image processing apparatus adjusts a band of a filter that extracts a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image according to a change in imaging setting. | 1. An image processing apparatus, wherein
a band of a filter configured to extract a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image is adjusted according to a change in imaging setting. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the imaging setting is zoom magnification. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
digital zoom and optical zoom are distinguished in a case of adjustment of the band of the filter according to the zoom magnification. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
reaction sensitivity with respect to the frequency characteristics of the image is adjusted as the peaking setting in a case where the zoom is optical zoom. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the reaction sensitivity is increased in a case where magnification of the optical zoom is increased. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
in a case where the zoom is digital zoom, the band of the filter that extracts the high-frequency component from the frequency characteristics of the image is adjusted as the peaking setting. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
in a case where the magnification of the digital zoom is increased, the band of the filter is shifted to a low frequency side. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the imaging setting is a setting that affects noise in the image. 9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the setting that affects the noise is ISO sensitivity, and reaction sensitivity with respect to the frequency characteristics of the image is adjusted as the peaking setting. 10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the reaction sensitivity is reduced in a case where the ISO sensitivity is increased. 11. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the imaging setting is image resolution, and, as the peaking setting, reaction sensitivity with respect to the frequency characteristics of the image and the band of the filter that extracts the high-frequency component from the frequency characteristics of the image are adjusted. 12. The image processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
in a case where the resolution is reduced, the band of the filter is shifted to a low frequency side. 13. The image processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
in a case where the resolution is reduced, the reaction sensitivity is reduced. 14. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the peaking setting is adjusted with reference to a table storing the peaking setting associated with each of a plurality of parameters of the imaging setting. 15. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
in a case where the imaging setting changes to the parameter not stored in the table, the peaking setting corresponding to the parameter not stored in the table is calculated by interpolation calculation using the peaking setting stored in the table. 16. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
in a case where a plurality of the imaging settings is changed, the peaking setting is adjusted with reference to the table storing the peaking setting associated with a combination of the plurality of the imaging settings. 17. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the plurality of parameters includes image resolution, optical zoom magnification, digital zoom magnification, and an amount of noise in the image. 18. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
before conversion of resolution of an image subjected to peaking processing to display resolution, processing of thickening a marker for the peaking processing is performed. 19. An image processing method comprising:
adjusting a band of a filter that extracts a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image according to a change in imaging setting. 20. An image processing program for causing a computer to execute an image processing method comprising:
adjusting a band of a filter that extracts a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image according to a change in imaging setting. | An image processing apparatus adjusts a band of a filter that extracts a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image according to a change in imaging setting.1. An image processing apparatus, wherein
a band of a filter configured to extract a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image is adjusted according to a change in imaging setting. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the imaging setting is zoom magnification. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
digital zoom and optical zoom are distinguished in a case of adjustment of the band of the filter according to the zoom magnification. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
reaction sensitivity with respect to the frequency characteristics of the image is adjusted as the peaking setting in a case where the zoom is optical zoom. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the reaction sensitivity is increased in a case where magnification of the optical zoom is increased. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
in a case where the zoom is digital zoom, the band of the filter that extracts the high-frequency component from the frequency characteristics of the image is adjusted as the peaking setting. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
in a case where the magnification of the digital zoom is increased, the band of the filter is shifted to a low frequency side. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the imaging setting is a setting that affects noise in the image. 9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the setting that affects the noise is ISO sensitivity, and reaction sensitivity with respect to the frequency characteristics of the image is adjusted as the peaking setting. 10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the reaction sensitivity is reduced in a case where the ISO sensitivity is increased. 11. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the imaging setting is image resolution, and, as the peaking setting, reaction sensitivity with respect to the frequency characteristics of the image and the band of the filter that extracts the high-frequency component from the frequency characteristics of the image are adjusted. 12. The image processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
in a case where the resolution is reduced, the band of the filter is shifted to a low frequency side. 13. The image processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
in a case where the resolution is reduced, the reaction sensitivity is reduced. 14. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the peaking setting is adjusted with reference to a table storing the peaking setting associated with each of a plurality of parameters of the imaging setting. 15. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
in a case where the imaging setting changes to the parameter not stored in the table, the peaking setting corresponding to the parameter not stored in the table is calculated by interpolation calculation using the peaking setting stored in the table. 16. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
in a case where a plurality of the imaging settings is changed, the peaking setting is adjusted with reference to the table storing the peaking setting associated with a combination of the plurality of the imaging settings. 17. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the plurality of parameters includes image resolution, optical zoom magnification, digital zoom magnification, and an amount of noise in the image. 18. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
before conversion of resolution of an image subjected to peaking processing to display resolution, processing of thickening a marker for the peaking processing is performed. 19. An image processing method comprising:
adjusting a band of a filter that extracts a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image according to a change in imaging setting. 20. An image processing program for causing a computer to execute an image processing method comprising:
adjusting a band of a filter that extracts a high-frequency component from frequency characteristics of an image according to a change in imaging setting. | 1,600 |
342,832 | 16,642,558 | 1,634 | Methods are provided for determining a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of an individual by detecting the expression level of at least one subtype classifier selected from a group of genes that are relevant for determining HNSCC subtypes. Also provided herein are methods for determining a suitable treatment and predicting the overall survival and the likelihood of metastasis for the HNSCC patients according to their subtypes. | 1. A method of determining a suitable treatment for a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient, the method comprising: (a) detecting an expression level of at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from the patient; and (b) selecting a treatment for the HNSCC patient according to the expression level of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4; wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a basal (BA), mesenchymal (MS), atypical (AT) or classical (CL) HNSCC subtype, and wherein the patient is HPV negative. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression level of the classifier biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises performing quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), Rapid Analysis of Gene Expression (RAGE), nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the expression level is determined by RNAseq by Expected Maximization (RSEM). 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or 4. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the HNSCC is oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the HNSCC is laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the OCSCC is the MS subtype. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the OCSCC is the BA subtype. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the LSCC is the CL subtype. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the LSCC is the AT subtype. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises radiotherapy or surgery. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying resistance to radiotherapy. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the identifying comprises comparing the expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 to expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in radiotherapy responder controls, radiotherapy non-responder controls or a combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the identifying comprises measuring expression level of one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the identifying comprises detecting a mutation in one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the MS subtype is predictive of pathological nodal metastasis. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the subtype is predictive of overall survival of the patient. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the CL subtype in LSCC is predictive of a poor overall survival. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. 29. A method of determining whether a HNSCC patient is likely to respond to radiotherapy, the method comprising: (a) detecting an expression level of at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from the patient, wherein the patient is HPV negative, and wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a BA, MS, AT or CL HNSCC subtype; (b) determining expression of one or more genes associated with radiotherapy resistance; and (c) identifying the HNSCC subtype correlated with radiotherapy resistance. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the expression level of the subtype classifier is detected at the nucleic acid level. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises performing qRT-PCR, gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, SAGE, RAGE, nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the expression level is determined by RSEM. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4. 36. The method of claim 29, wherein the sample is a FFPE head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 38. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 39. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 40. The method of claim 29, wherein the HNSCC is OCSCC. 41. The method of claim 29, wherein the HNSCC is LSCC. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the OCSCC is the MS subtype. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the OCSCC is the BA subtype. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the LSCC is the CL subtype. 45. The method of claim 41, wherein the LSCC is the AT subtype. 46. The method of claim 29, wherein the HNSCC is the CL subtype. 47. The method of claim 29, further comprising comparing the expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 between expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in radiotherapy responder controls and/or expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in radiotherapy non-responder controls. 48. The method of claim 29, wherein the identifying comprises measuring expression level of one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 49. The method of claim 29, wherein the identifying comprises detecting a mutation in one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 50. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 52. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. 53. A method of predicting occult nodal metastasis in a OCSCC patient, the method comprising: (a) detecting an expression level of at least one gene selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from a patient, wherein the patient is HPV negative, wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a BA, MS, AT or CL HNSCC subtype, and wherein identification of the MS subtype is indicative of occult nodal metastasis in the patient. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the expression level of the classifier biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 56. The method claim 54, wherein the detecting an expression level comprises performing qRT-PCR, gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, SAGE, RAGE, nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 58. The method of claim 53, wherein the expression level is determined by RSEM. 59. The method of claim 54, wherein the detection of the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4. 60. The method of claim 54, wherein the sample is a FFPE head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 62. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 63. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 64. The method of claim 53, wherein the patient is suitable for neck dissection treatment. 65. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 67. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. 68. A method of predicting overall survival in a LSCC patient, the method comprising detecting an expression level of at least one gene selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from a patient, wherein the patient is HPV negative, wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a BA, MS, AT or CL LSCC subtype, and wherein identification of the LSCC subtype is predictive of the overall survival in the patient. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the expression level of the classifier biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 71. The method claim 69, wherein the detecting an expression level comprises performing qRT-PCR, gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, SAGE, RAGE, nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the expression level is determined by RSEM. 74. The method of claim 69, wherein the detection of the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4. 75. The method of claim 68, wherein the sample is a FFPE head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 77. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 78. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 79. The method of claim 68, further comprising measuring the expression level of one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 80. The method of claim 68, further comprising detecting a mutation in one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 81. The method of claim 68, wherein the LSCC subtype is the CL subtype, wherein the CL subtype is predictive of poor overall survival. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the patient is suitable for neck dissection treatment. 83. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 85. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. | Methods are provided for determining a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of an individual by detecting the expression level of at least one subtype classifier selected from a group of genes that are relevant for determining HNSCC subtypes. Also provided herein are methods for determining a suitable treatment and predicting the overall survival and the likelihood of metastasis for the HNSCC patients according to their subtypes.1. A method of determining a suitable treatment for a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient, the method comprising: (a) detecting an expression level of at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from the patient; and (b) selecting a treatment for the HNSCC patient according to the expression level of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4; wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a basal (BA), mesenchymal (MS), atypical (AT) or classical (CL) HNSCC subtype, and wherein the patient is HPV negative. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression level of the classifier biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises performing quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), Rapid Analysis of Gene Expression (RAGE), nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the expression level is determined by RNAseq by Expected Maximization (RSEM). 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or 4. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the HNSCC is oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the HNSCC is laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the OCSCC is the MS subtype. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the OCSCC is the BA subtype. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the LSCC is the CL subtype. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the LSCC is the AT subtype. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises radiotherapy or surgery. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying resistance to radiotherapy. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the identifying comprises comparing the expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 to expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in radiotherapy responder controls, radiotherapy non-responder controls or a combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the identifying comprises measuring expression level of one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the identifying comprises detecting a mutation in one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the MS subtype is predictive of pathological nodal metastasis. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the subtype is predictive of overall survival of the patient. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the CL subtype in LSCC is predictive of a poor overall survival. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. 29. A method of determining whether a HNSCC patient is likely to respond to radiotherapy, the method comprising: (a) detecting an expression level of at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from the patient, wherein the patient is HPV negative, and wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a BA, MS, AT or CL HNSCC subtype; (b) determining expression of one or more genes associated with radiotherapy resistance; and (c) identifying the HNSCC subtype correlated with radiotherapy resistance. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the expression level of the subtype classifier is detected at the nucleic acid level. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises performing qRT-PCR, gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, SAGE, RAGE, nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the expression level is determined by RSEM. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the detecting the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4. 36. The method of claim 29, wherein the sample is a FFPE head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 38. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 39. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 40. The method of claim 29, wherein the HNSCC is OCSCC. 41. The method of claim 29, wherein the HNSCC is LSCC. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the OCSCC is the MS subtype. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the OCSCC is the BA subtype. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the LSCC is the CL subtype. 45. The method of claim 41, wherein the LSCC is the AT subtype. 46. The method of claim 29, wherein the HNSCC is the CL subtype. 47. The method of claim 29, further comprising comparing the expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 between expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in radiotherapy responder controls and/or expression levels of the at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in radiotherapy non-responder controls. 48. The method of claim 29, wherein the identifying comprises measuring expression level of one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 49. The method of claim 29, wherein the identifying comprises detecting a mutation in one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 50. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 52. The method of claim 29, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. 53. A method of predicting occult nodal metastasis in a OCSCC patient, the method comprising: (a) detecting an expression level of at least one gene selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from a patient, wherein the patient is HPV negative, wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a BA, MS, AT or CL HNSCC subtype, and wherein identification of the MS subtype is indicative of occult nodal metastasis in the patient. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the expression level of the classifier biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 56. The method claim 54, wherein the detecting an expression level comprises performing qRT-PCR, gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, SAGE, RAGE, nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 58. The method of claim 53, wherein the expression level is determined by RSEM. 59. The method of claim 54, wherein the detection of the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4. 60. The method of claim 54, wherein the sample is a FFPE head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 62. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 63. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 64. The method of claim 53, wherein the patient is suitable for neck dissection treatment. 65. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 67. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. 68. A method of predicting overall survival in a LSCC patient, the method comprising detecting an expression level of at least one gene selected from Table 3 or Table 4 in a head and neck tissue sample obtained from a patient, wherein the patient is HPV negative, wherein the detection of the expression level of the subtype classifier specifically identifies a BA, MS, AT or CL LSCC subtype, and wherein identification of the LSCC subtype is predictive of the overall survival in the patient. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the expression level of the classifier biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the nucleic acid level is RNA or cDNA. 71. The method claim 69, wherein the detecting an expression level comprises performing qRT-PCR, gRT-PCR, RNAseq, microarrays, gene chips, nCounter Gene Expression Assay, SAGE, RAGE, nuclease protection assays, Northern blotting, or any other equivalent gene expression detection techniques. 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the expression level is detected by performing RNAseq. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the expression level is determined by RSEM. 74. The method of claim 69, wherein the detection of the expression level comprises using at least one pair of oligonucleotide primers specific for at least one subtype classifier selected from Table 3 or Table 4. 75. The method of claim 68, wherein the sample is a FFPE head and neck tissue sample, fresh or a frozen tissue sample, an exosome, wash fluids, cell pellets, or a bodily fluid obtained from the patient. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the bodily fluid is blood or fractions thereof, urine, saliva, or sputum. 77. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises a plurality of subtype classifiers. 78. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier comprises all the subtype classifiers of Table 3 or Table 4. 79. The method of claim 68, further comprising measuring the expression level of one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 80. The method of claim 68, further comprising detecting a mutation in one or more genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. 81. The method of claim 68, wherein the LSCC subtype is the CL subtype, wherein the CL subtype is predictive of poor overall survival. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the patient is suitable for neck dissection treatment. 83. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 3. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the plurality of subtype classifiers comprises at least 2 subtype classifiers, at least 10 subtype classifiers, at least 50 subtype classifiers, at least 100 subtype classifiers, at least 200 subtype classifiers, at least 300 subtype classifiers, at least 400 subtype classifiers, at least 500 subtype classifiers, at least 600 subtype classifiers, at least 700 subtype classifiers, or all 728 subtype classifiers of Table 3. 85. The method of claim 68, wherein the at least one subtype classifier is selected from Table 4. | 1,600 |
342,833 | 16,642,549 | 1,634 | Provided herein are capsules containing pimavanserin, processes for manufacturing said capsule, and pharmaceutical compositions containing pimavanserin. | 1. A capsule comprising 5-34 mg pimavanserin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 2. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the capsule is of size 3 or 4. 3. The capsule according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the capsule is a two-piece capsule. 4. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) selected from the group consisting of a filler, a binder, and a lubricant. 5. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-3, encapsulating a composition consisting of 5-34 mg granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a filler and a lubricant. 6. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the filler is microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxylpropyl cellulose, mixtures thereof or equivalent filters. 7. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the capsule contains 20-94% w/w microcrystalline cellulose. 8. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising at least 20% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 30% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 40% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50-94% w/w mg, such as 50-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, 57-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-79% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-60% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 58.5-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 59% w/w microcrystalline cellulose. 9. The capsule according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is silicified microcrystalline cellulose. 10. The capsule according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is selected from the group consisting of is PROSOLV® 90, PROSOLV® 50, AVICEL® PH302, PROSOLV® EASYtab SP, VIVAPUR® 302, EMCOCEL® HD 90, and CELLACTOSE® 80. 11. The capsule according to any one of claims 6-10, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose has a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above 0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302. 12. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the lubricant is magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, mixtures thereof or equivalent lubricants. 13. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-12, comprising 0.1-3 mg magnesium stearate. 14. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-12, comprising 0.5-2 w/w magnesium stearate, such as 0.5-1.5% w/w magnesium stearate, such as 1% w/w magnesium stearate. 15. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the magnesium stearate is vegetable grade. 16. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the capsule does not comprise lactose. 17. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the capsule is stable upon actual or simulated storage under open conditions at 25° C.±2°/60%±5% relative humidity for at least 1 year, such as at least 1.5 years. 18. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-17, comprising 10, 20 or 34 mg pimavanserin. 19. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-17, comprising 20 or 34 mg pimavanserin. 20. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-19, comprising 59 mg microcrystalline cellulose. 21. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-20, comprising 1 mg magnesium stearate. 22. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-21, substantially encapsulating 40 mg pimavanserin tartrate (equivalent to 34 mg pimavanserin), 59 mg microcrystalline cellulose selected from microcrystalline cellulose having a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above 0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302, and 1 mg magnesium stearate only, and the total weight of the closed and filled capsule is about 138 mg±10%. 23. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the capsule is of size 4. 24. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein pimavanserin is pimavanserin tartrate, such as pimavanserin tartrate crystalline Form C. 25. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-24, wherein the in vitro dissolution is at least Q=80 in 30 min, as obtained according to USP<711>, apparatus 1. 26. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-25, wherein the weight of the composition is 75-110 mg, such as 100±7 mg. 27. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein the bulk density of the composition comprised in the capsule is >0.4 g/ml, such as 0.4-0.6 g/ml, such as about 0.5 g/ml determined according to USP <616>, method 1. 28. The capsule to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the particle size distribution (D90) of the composition is 60-380 μm, such as 75-350 μm, such as 100-300 μm obtained using laser light scattering particle size analysis. 29. The capsule to any one of claims 1-28, wherein the Specific Energy (SE) of the composition is less than 5 mJ/g, such as less than 4.5 mJ/g, such as less than 4 mJ/g, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 30. The capsule to any one of claims 1-29, wherein the average Flow Rate Index (FRI) of the composition is 0.9-1.2, such as 1.0-1.1, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 31. The capsule to any one of claims 1-29, wherein the conditioned bulk density (CBD) of the composition is >0.45 g/ml, such as 0.45 g/ml-0.6 g/ml, such as 0.47-0.55 g/ml, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 32. A process for manufacturing a capsule comprising 5-34 mg pimavanserin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising:
adding water to pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; granulating pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with the water; controlling the impeller speed and/or amperage; drying the granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; sizing the dried granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; blending the dried and granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more filler; and encapsulating the blended pimavanserin composition in a capsule of size 3 or 4. 33. The process according to claim 32, wherein the water is sprayed under controlled atomized spray conditions. 34. The process according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the water is sprayed under controlled atomized spray conditions at a pump rate of 1-50 g/min, and an atomization air pressure of 3-20 pounds per square inch (psig). 35. The process according to any one of claims 32-334, wherein the water is sprayed under controlled atomized spray conditions at a pump rate of 20-40 g/min, and an atomization air pressure of 3-15 pounds per square inch (psig). 36. The process according to any one of claims 32-33, wherein droplet size of the water is 0.05-0.15 mm. 37. The process according to any one of claims 32-36, wherein the impeller speed and/or amperage is controlled. 38. The process according to any one of claims 32-37, wherein the added water is about 1-10% w/w of pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 39. The process according to claim 36, wherein the water is in an amount of about 3-10% w/w, such as about 3-8% w/w of pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 40. The process according to any one of claims 32-39, further providing one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of binders, and lubricants, or mixtures thereof, post-drying the pimavanserin granulation. 41. The process according to any one of claims 32-40, wherein the one or more excipients are added during the sizing step. 42. The process according to any one of claims 32-42, wherein the one or more excipients are microcrystalline cellulose and/or magnesium stearate. 43. The process according to claim 43, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is selected from the group consisting of PROSOLV® 90, PROSOLV® 50, AVICEL® PH302, PROSOLV® EASYtab SP, VIVAPUR® 302, EMCOCEL® HD 90, and CELLACTOSE® 80. 44. The process according to claim 43, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is selected from microcrystalline cellulose having a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above >0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302. 45. The process according to any one of claims 42-44, wherein the amount of microcrystalline cellulose is at least 20% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 30% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 40% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 20-94% w/w mg, such as 50-94% w/w mg, such as 57-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-79% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 57-60% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 57-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 58.5-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 59% w/w microcrystalline cellulose. 46. The process according to claim 42, wherein the magnesium stearate is a vegetable grade. 47. The process according to any one of claims 42-46, wherein the amount of magnesium stearate is 0.1-3% w/w, such as 0.5-2% w/w magnesium stearate, or 0.5-1.5% w/w magnesium stearate, or 1% w/w magnesium stearate. 48. The process according to any one of claims 32-47, wherein the granulation of pimavanserin is a wet granulation. 49. The process according to claim 48, wherein the wet granulation is high shear granulation, low shear granulation, twin screw granulation, or fluid bed granulation or any combination thereof. 50. The process according to claim 48, wherein the wet granulation is by high shear granulation. 51. The process according to any one of claims 32-50, wherein about 40 mg of pimavanserin tartrate, about 59 mg of microcrystalline cellulose is selected from microcrystalline cellulose having a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above >0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302 and about 1 mg magnesium stearate are encapsulated in a size 4 two-piece capsule. 52. The process according to any one of claims 32-51, wherein the bulk density of the pimavanserin granulation is >0.4 g/ml, such as 0.4-0.6 g/ml, such as about 0.5 g/ml determined according to USP <616>, method 1. 53. The process according to any one of claims 32-52, wherein the maximum holding time of the wet granulation and drying is 120 min, such as 100 min, such as 80 min, such as 60 min. 54. The process according to any one of claims 32-53, wherein 20,000 or more capsules are manufactured per hour. 55. The process according to claim 54, wherein 40,000 or more capsules are manufactured per hour. 56. The process according to any one of claims 32-55, wherein the composition is not comprising a binder. 57. The process according to any one of claims 32-56, wherein the water is added while mixing pimavanserin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 58. A pharmaceutical composition consisting of 5-34 mg pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a filler, and a lubricant. 59. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 58 wherein the filler is microcrystalline cellulose. 60. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-559, wherein the lubricant is magnesium stearate. 61. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-60, wherein the composition is substantially consisting of 5-34 mg pimavanserin; 50-94.1 mg microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-94.1 mg microcrystalline cellulose; and 0.1-3 mg magnesium stearate. 62. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 having a total weight of about 100 g. 63. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-62, wherein the bulk density of the composition >0.4 g/ml, such as about 0.4-0.6 g/ml, such as about 0.5 g/ml determined according to USP <616>, method 1. 64. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-63, wherein the Specific Energy (SE) is less than 5 mJ/g, such as less than 4.5 mJ/g, such as less than 4 mJ/g, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 65. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-64, wherein the average Flow Rate Index (FRI) is 0.9-1.2, such as 1.0-1.1, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 66. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-64, wherein the conditioned bulk density (CBD) is >0.45 g/ml, such as 0.45-0.6 g/ml, such as 0.47-0.55 g/ml, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 67. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-66, encapsulated in a capsule. 68. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-67, encapsulated in a size 3 or 4 capsule. 69. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-68, encapsulated in a size 4 capsule. 70. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-69, wherein the capsule is a two-piece capsule. 71. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-70, wherein the in vitro dissolution of pimavanserin is at least Q=80% in 30 min, as obtained according to USP<711>, apparatus 1. 72. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-71, manufactured as a tablet. | Provided herein are capsules containing pimavanserin, processes for manufacturing said capsule, and pharmaceutical compositions containing pimavanserin.1. A capsule comprising 5-34 mg pimavanserin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 2. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the capsule is of size 3 or 4. 3. The capsule according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the capsule is a two-piece capsule. 4. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) selected from the group consisting of a filler, a binder, and a lubricant. 5. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-3, encapsulating a composition consisting of 5-34 mg granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a filler and a lubricant. 6. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the filler is microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxylpropyl cellulose, mixtures thereof or equivalent filters. 7. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the capsule contains 20-94% w/w microcrystalline cellulose. 8. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising at least 20% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 30% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 40% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50-94% w/w mg, such as 50-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, 57-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-79% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-60% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 58.5-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 59% w/w microcrystalline cellulose. 9. The capsule according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is silicified microcrystalline cellulose. 10. The capsule according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is selected from the group consisting of is PROSOLV® 90, PROSOLV® 50, AVICEL® PH302, PROSOLV® EASYtab SP, VIVAPUR® 302, EMCOCEL® HD 90, and CELLACTOSE® 80. 11. The capsule according to any one of claims 6-10, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose has a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above 0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302. 12. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the lubricant is magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, mixtures thereof or equivalent lubricants. 13. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-12, comprising 0.1-3 mg magnesium stearate. 14. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-12, comprising 0.5-2 w/w magnesium stearate, such as 0.5-1.5% w/w magnesium stearate, such as 1% w/w magnesium stearate. 15. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the magnesium stearate is vegetable grade. 16. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the capsule does not comprise lactose. 17. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the capsule is stable upon actual or simulated storage under open conditions at 25° C.±2°/60%±5% relative humidity for at least 1 year, such as at least 1.5 years. 18. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-17, comprising 10, 20 or 34 mg pimavanserin. 19. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-17, comprising 20 or 34 mg pimavanserin. 20. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-19, comprising 59 mg microcrystalline cellulose. 21. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-20, comprising 1 mg magnesium stearate. 22. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-21, substantially encapsulating 40 mg pimavanserin tartrate (equivalent to 34 mg pimavanserin), 59 mg microcrystalline cellulose selected from microcrystalline cellulose having a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above 0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302, and 1 mg magnesium stearate only, and the total weight of the closed and filled capsule is about 138 mg±10%. 23. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the capsule is of size 4. 24. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein pimavanserin is pimavanserin tartrate, such as pimavanserin tartrate crystalline Form C. 25. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-24, wherein the in vitro dissolution is at least Q=80 in 30 min, as obtained according to USP<711>, apparatus 1. 26. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-25, wherein the weight of the composition is 75-110 mg, such as 100±7 mg. 27. The capsule according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein the bulk density of the composition comprised in the capsule is >0.4 g/ml, such as 0.4-0.6 g/ml, such as about 0.5 g/ml determined according to USP <616>, method 1. 28. The capsule to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the particle size distribution (D90) of the composition is 60-380 μm, such as 75-350 μm, such as 100-300 μm obtained using laser light scattering particle size analysis. 29. The capsule to any one of claims 1-28, wherein the Specific Energy (SE) of the composition is less than 5 mJ/g, such as less than 4.5 mJ/g, such as less than 4 mJ/g, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 30. The capsule to any one of claims 1-29, wherein the average Flow Rate Index (FRI) of the composition is 0.9-1.2, such as 1.0-1.1, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 31. The capsule to any one of claims 1-29, wherein the conditioned bulk density (CBD) of the composition is >0.45 g/ml, such as 0.45 g/ml-0.6 g/ml, such as 0.47-0.55 g/ml, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 32. A process for manufacturing a capsule comprising 5-34 mg pimavanserin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising:
adding water to pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; granulating pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with the water; controlling the impeller speed and/or amperage; drying the granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; sizing the dried granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; blending the dried and granulated pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more filler; and encapsulating the blended pimavanserin composition in a capsule of size 3 or 4. 33. The process according to claim 32, wherein the water is sprayed under controlled atomized spray conditions. 34. The process according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the water is sprayed under controlled atomized spray conditions at a pump rate of 1-50 g/min, and an atomization air pressure of 3-20 pounds per square inch (psig). 35. The process according to any one of claims 32-334, wherein the water is sprayed under controlled atomized spray conditions at a pump rate of 20-40 g/min, and an atomization air pressure of 3-15 pounds per square inch (psig). 36. The process according to any one of claims 32-33, wherein droplet size of the water is 0.05-0.15 mm. 37. The process according to any one of claims 32-36, wherein the impeller speed and/or amperage is controlled. 38. The process according to any one of claims 32-37, wherein the added water is about 1-10% w/w of pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 39. The process according to claim 36, wherein the water is in an amount of about 3-10% w/w, such as about 3-8% w/w of pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 40. The process according to any one of claims 32-39, further providing one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of binders, and lubricants, or mixtures thereof, post-drying the pimavanserin granulation. 41. The process according to any one of claims 32-40, wherein the one or more excipients are added during the sizing step. 42. The process according to any one of claims 32-42, wherein the one or more excipients are microcrystalline cellulose and/or magnesium stearate. 43. The process according to claim 43, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is selected from the group consisting of PROSOLV® 90, PROSOLV® 50, AVICEL® PH302, PROSOLV® EASYtab SP, VIVAPUR® 302, EMCOCEL® HD 90, and CELLACTOSE® 80. 44. The process according to claim 43, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is selected from microcrystalline cellulose having a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above >0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302. 45. The process according to any one of claims 42-44, wherein the amount of microcrystalline cellulose is at least 20% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 30% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 40% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 50-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 20-94% w/w mg, such as 50-94% w/w mg, such as 57-89% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-79% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 57-60% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 57-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 58.5-59.5% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, or 59% w/w microcrystalline cellulose. 46. The process according to claim 42, wherein the magnesium stearate is a vegetable grade. 47. The process according to any one of claims 42-46, wherein the amount of magnesium stearate is 0.1-3% w/w, such as 0.5-2% w/w magnesium stearate, or 0.5-1.5% w/w magnesium stearate, or 1% w/w magnesium stearate. 48. The process according to any one of claims 32-47, wherein the granulation of pimavanserin is a wet granulation. 49. The process according to claim 48, wherein the wet granulation is high shear granulation, low shear granulation, twin screw granulation, or fluid bed granulation or any combination thereof. 50. The process according to claim 48, wherein the wet granulation is by high shear granulation. 51. The process according to any one of claims 32-50, wherein about 40 mg of pimavanserin tartrate, about 59 mg of microcrystalline cellulose is selected from microcrystalline cellulose having a particle size distribution (D90) of 180-340 μm and/or a bulk density above >0.40 g/ml, such as AVICEL® PH302 or VIVAPUR® 302 and about 1 mg magnesium stearate are encapsulated in a size 4 two-piece capsule. 52. The process according to any one of claims 32-51, wherein the bulk density of the pimavanserin granulation is >0.4 g/ml, such as 0.4-0.6 g/ml, such as about 0.5 g/ml determined according to USP <616>, method 1. 53. The process according to any one of claims 32-52, wherein the maximum holding time of the wet granulation and drying is 120 min, such as 100 min, such as 80 min, such as 60 min. 54. The process according to any one of claims 32-53, wherein 20,000 or more capsules are manufactured per hour. 55. The process according to claim 54, wherein 40,000 or more capsules are manufactured per hour. 56. The process according to any one of claims 32-55, wherein the composition is not comprising a binder. 57. The process according to any one of claims 32-56, wherein the water is added while mixing pimavanserin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 58. A pharmaceutical composition consisting of 5-34 mg pimavanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a filler, and a lubricant. 59. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 58 wherein the filler is microcrystalline cellulose. 60. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-559, wherein the lubricant is magnesium stearate. 61. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-60, wherein the composition is substantially consisting of 5-34 mg pimavanserin; 50-94.1 mg microcrystalline cellulose, such as 57-94.1 mg microcrystalline cellulose; and 0.1-3 mg magnesium stearate. 62. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 having a total weight of about 100 g. 63. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-62, wherein the bulk density of the composition >0.4 g/ml, such as about 0.4-0.6 g/ml, such as about 0.5 g/ml determined according to USP <616>, method 1. 64. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-63, wherein the Specific Energy (SE) is less than 5 mJ/g, such as less than 4.5 mJ/g, such as less than 4 mJ/g, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 65. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-64, wherein the average Flow Rate Index (FRI) is 0.9-1.2, such as 1.0-1.1, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 66. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-64, wherein the conditioned bulk density (CBD) is >0.45 g/ml, such as 0.45-0.6 g/ml, such as 0.47-0.55 g/ml, determined according to ASTM D7891-15. 67. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-66, encapsulated in a capsule. 68. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-67, encapsulated in a size 3 or 4 capsule. 69. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-68, encapsulated in a size 4 capsule. 70. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-69, wherein the capsule is a two-piece capsule. 71. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-70, wherein the in vitro dissolution of pimavanserin is at least Q=80% in 30 min, as obtained according to USP<711>, apparatus 1. 72. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 58-71, manufactured as a tablet. | 1,600 |
342,834 | 16,642,544 | 1,634 | A wiring structure includes a plurality of signal lines on the base substrate, the plurality of signal lines including a plurality of first type signal lines extending in a first direction and a second type signal line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, the second type signal line being at first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines and spaced from the plurality of first type signal lines, and a plurality of conductive blocks, each of which is between the first ends of two corresponding adjacent signal lines of the plurality of first type signal lines. The plurality of conductive blocks are insulated from the plurality of first type signal lines and electrically connected to the second type signal line. | 1. A wiring structure comprising:
a plurality of signal lines on a base substrate, the plurality of signal lines comprising a plurality of first type signal lines extending in a first direction and a second type signal line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, wherein the second type signal line being is at first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines and spaced from the plurality of first type signal lines; and a plurality of conductive blocks, each of which is between first ends of two corresponding adjacent signal lines of the plurality of first type signal lines, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are insulated from the plurality of first type signal lines and electrically connected to the second type signal line. 2. The wiring structure according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first type signal lines, the second type signal line, and the plurality of conductive blocks are in a same layer. 3. The wiring structure according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are directly connected to the second type signal line. 4. The wiring structure according to claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of peripheral connection lines on a side of the second type signal line facing away from the base substrate; and an insulating layer between the plurality of peripheral connection lines and the first type signal lines and the second type signal line, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are connected to corresponding first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines through corresponding via holes in the insulating layer. 5. The wiring structure according to claim 4, further comprising:
a plurality of conductive connection lines at the in a same layer as the plurality of peripheral connection lines, wherein the plurality of conductive connection lines are connected to the second type signal line and the plurality of conductive blocks through corresponding via holes in the insulating layer. 6. The wiring structure according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first insulating layer between the plurality of first type signal lines and the second type signal line, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are in a same layer as the plurality of first type signal lines. 7. The wiring structure according to claim 6, further comprising:
a plurality of peripheral connection lines on a side of the first insulating layer facing away from the base substrate, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are connected to corresponding first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines. 8. The wiring structure according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are in the same layer as the plurality of first type signal lines and are directly connected to the plurality of first type signal lines. 9. The wiring structure according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are connected to the second type signal line through corresponding via holes in the first insulating layer. 10. The wiring structure according to claim 7, further comprising:
a second insulating layer between the plurality of peripheral connection lines and the first insulating layer; and a plurality of conductive connection lines in a same layer as the plurality of peripheral connection lines, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are connected to corresponding first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines through corresponding via holes in the second insulating layer, and wherein a first end of each of the plurality of conductive connection lines is connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive blocks through a corresponding via hole penetrating through the second insulating layer, and a second end of each conductive connection line is connected to the second type signal line through corresponding via holes penetrating through the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. 11. The wiring structure according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of signal lines further comprise a plurality of third type signal lines that cross the plurality of first type signal lines and are insulated from the plurality of first type signal lines, and wherein the plurality of third type signal lines are in a same layer as the plurality of peripheral connection lines. 12. The wiring structure according to claim 4,
wherein the second type signal line comprises a signal line trunk extending along the second direction and a plurality of branch portions symmetrical with respect to the signal line trunk, and wherein an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of peripheral connection lines on the base substrate is between orthographic projections of adjacent corresponding branch portions in the second direction of the plurality of branch portions on the base substrate. 13. The wiring structure according to claim 12,
wherein each of the plurality of branch portions has a first size in the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of peripheral connection lines has a second size in the second direction, and wherein the first size is larger than the second size. 14. The wiring structure according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines and the plurality of conductive connection lines are parallel to the plurality of first type signal lines. 15. The wiring structure according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first type signal lines, the second type signal line, and the plurality of conductive blocks comprise at least one selected from a group consisting of an aluminum film, a copper film, a molybdenum film, a titanium film, a chromium film, an aluminum neodymium alloy film, and an aluminum nickel alloy film. 16. A display substrate comprising a base substrate and the wiring structure according to claim 1. 17. The display substrate according to claim 16,
wherein the plurality of first type signal lines are selected from a group consisting of gate lines and data lines, and wherein the second type signal line is selected from a group consisting of a common electrode line, a clock signal line, a positive voltage signal line, a negative voltage signal line, and an auxiliary discharge line. 18. A display device comprising the display substrate according to claim 16. 19. A method for fabricating the display substrate according to claim 16, wherein the display substrate further comprises a bottom-gate thin film transistor, and the bottom-gate thin film transistor comprises a gate, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and a source and a drain, the method comprising:
patterning a first layer of metal thin film on the base substrate to form the plurality of first type signal lines and the gate in a display area of the display substrate, and to form the second type signal line and the plurality of conductive blocks in a frame area of the display substrate; forming the gate insulating layer on the base substrate and the first layer of metal thin film that was patterned; forming the active layer on a portion of the gate insulating layer opposite to the gate; and patterning a second layer of metal thin film on a portion of the gate insulating layer that is not covered by the active layer and a side of the active layer facing away from the gate insulating layer to form the source and the drain in the display area, and electrically connecting the plurality of conductive blocks to the second type signal line. 20. A method for fabricating the display substrate according to claim 16, wherein the display substrate further comprises a top-gate thin film transistor, and the top-gate thin film transistor comprises a gate, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and a source and a drain, the method comprising:
forming a buffer layer and the active layer on the base substrate, wherein the active layer is stacked on the buffer layer; forming the gate insulating layer on a portion of the buffer layer that is not covered by the active layer and a side of the active layer facing away from the buffer layer; patterning a first layer of metal thin film on a side of the gate insulating layer facing away from the base substrate to form the gate and the plurality of first type signal lines in a display area of the display substrate, and to form the second type signal line and the plurality of conductive blocks in a frame area of the display substrate; forming an interlayer insulating layer on the gate insulating layer; and patterning a second layer of metal thin film on the interlayer insulating layer to form the source and the drain in the display area, and electrically connecting the plurality of conductive blocks to the second type signal line. | A wiring structure includes a plurality of signal lines on the base substrate, the plurality of signal lines including a plurality of first type signal lines extending in a first direction and a second type signal line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, the second type signal line being at first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines and spaced from the plurality of first type signal lines, and a plurality of conductive blocks, each of which is between the first ends of two corresponding adjacent signal lines of the plurality of first type signal lines. The plurality of conductive blocks are insulated from the plurality of first type signal lines and electrically connected to the second type signal line.1. A wiring structure comprising:
a plurality of signal lines on a base substrate, the plurality of signal lines comprising a plurality of first type signal lines extending in a first direction and a second type signal line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, wherein the second type signal line being is at first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines and spaced from the plurality of first type signal lines; and a plurality of conductive blocks, each of which is between first ends of two corresponding adjacent signal lines of the plurality of first type signal lines, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are insulated from the plurality of first type signal lines and electrically connected to the second type signal line. 2. The wiring structure according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first type signal lines, the second type signal line, and the plurality of conductive blocks are in a same layer. 3. The wiring structure according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are directly connected to the second type signal line. 4. The wiring structure according to claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of peripheral connection lines on a side of the second type signal line facing away from the base substrate; and an insulating layer between the plurality of peripheral connection lines and the first type signal lines and the second type signal line, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are connected to corresponding first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines through corresponding via holes in the insulating layer. 5. The wiring structure according to claim 4, further comprising:
a plurality of conductive connection lines at the in a same layer as the plurality of peripheral connection lines, wherein the plurality of conductive connection lines are connected to the second type signal line and the plurality of conductive blocks through corresponding via holes in the insulating layer. 6. The wiring structure according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first insulating layer between the plurality of first type signal lines and the second type signal line, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are in a same layer as the plurality of first type signal lines. 7. The wiring structure according to claim 6, further comprising:
a plurality of peripheral connection lines on a side of the first insulating layer facing away from the base substrate, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are connected to corresponding first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines. 8. The wiring structure according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are in the same layer as the plurality of first type signal lines and are directly connected to the plurality of first type signal lines. 9. The wiring structure according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of conductive blocks are connected to the second type signal line through corresponding via holes in the first insulating layer. 10. The wiring structure according to claim 7, further comprising:
a second insulating layer between the plurality of peripheral connection lines and the first insulating layer; and a plurality of conductive connection lines in a same layer as the plurality of peripheral connection lines, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines are connected to corresponding first ends of the plurality of first type signal lines through corresponding via holes in the second insulating layer, and wherein a first end of each of the plurality of conductive connection lines is connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive blocks through a corresponding via hole penetrating through the second insulating layer, and a second end of each conductive connection line is connected to the second type signal line through corresponding via holes penetrating through the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. 11. The wiring structure according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of signal lines further comprise a plurality of third type signal lines that cross the plurality of first type signal lines and are insulated from the plurality of first type signal lines, and wherein the plurality of third type signal lines are in a same layer as the plurality of peripheral connection lines. 12. The wiring structure according to claim 4,
wherein the second type signal line comprises a signal line trunk extending along the second direction and a plurality of branch portions symmetrical with respect to the signal line trunk, and wherein an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of peripheral connection lines on the base substrate is between orthographic projections of adjacent corresponding branch portions in the second direction of the plurality of branch portions on the base substrate. 13. The wiring structure according to claim 12,
wherein each of the plurality of branch portions has a first size in the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of peripheral connection lines has a second size in the second direction, and wherein the first size is larger than the second size. 14. The wiring structure according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of peripheral connection lines and the plurality of conductive connection lines are parallel to the plurality of first type signal lines. 15. The wiring structure according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first type signal lines, the second type signal line, and the plurality of conductive blocks comprise at least one selected from a group consisting of an aluminum film, a copper film, a molybdenum film, a titanium film, a chromium film, an aluminum neodymium alloy film, and an aluminum nickel alloy film. 16. A display substrate comprising a base substrate and the wiring structure according to claim 1. 17. The display substrate according to claim 16,
wherein the plurality of first type signal lines are selected from a group consisting of gate lines and data lines, and wherein the second type signal line is selected from a group consisting of a common electrode line, a clock signal line, a positive voltage signal line, a negative voltage signal line, and an auxiliary discharge line. 18. A display device comprising the display substrate according to claim 16. 19. A method for fabricating the display substrate according to claim 16, wherein the display substrate further comprises a bottom-gate thin film transistor, and the bottom-gate thin film transistor comprises a gate, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and a source and a drain, the method comprising:
patterning a first layer of metal thin film on the base substrate to form the plurality of first type signal lines and the gate in a display area of the display substrate, and to form the second type signal line and the plurality of conductive blocks in a frame area of the display substrate; forming the gate insulating layer on the base substrate and the first layer of metal thin film that was patterned; forming the active layer on a portion of the gate insulating layer opposite to the gate; and patterning a second layer of metal thin film on a portion of the gate insulating layer that is not covered by the active layer and a side of the active layer facing away from the gate insulating layer to form the source and the drain in the display area, and electrically connecting the plurality of conductive blocks to the second type signal line. 20. A method for fabricating the display substrate according to claim 16, wherein the display substrate further comprises a top-gate thin film transistor, and the top-gate thin film transistor comprises a gate, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and a source and a drain, the method comprising:
forming a buffer layer and the active layer on the base substrate, wherein the active layer is stacked on the buffer layer; forming the gate insulating layer on a portion of the buffer layer that is not covered by the active layer and a side of the active layer facing away from the buffer layer; patterning a first layer of metal thin film on a side of the gate insulating layer facing away from the base substrate to form the gate and the plurality of first type signal lines in a display area of the display substrate, and to form the second type signal line and the plurality of conductive blocks in a frame area of the display substrate; forming an interlayer insulating layer on the gate insulating layer; and patterning a second layer of metal thin film on the interlayer insulating layer to form the source and the drain in the display area, and electrically connecting the plurality of conductive blocks to the second type signal line. | 1,600 |
342,835 | 16,642,547 | 1,634 | A folding device (14′, 14″) includes a driven contact device (15′, 15″) configured for continuously creating a fold in a moving article (12) during an operative folding mode of the folding device. In the operative folding mode, the article moves along a base plane in a motion direction (MD). The folding device includes a support structure (54) connected to, and configured for supporting, the contact device. The contact device includes a peripheral surface (48) which extends at least partially about at least one rotation axis. The peripheral surface includes multiple fingers (44) which protrude outwardly away therefrom. In the operative folding mode, the fingers consecutively and incrementally engage and fold the article starting at an edge (28) defining an outline thereof. | 1. A folding device (14′, 14″) comprising
a driven contact device (15′, 15″) configured for continuously creating a fold in a moving article (12) during an operative folding mode of the folding device (14′ 14″); the folding device (14′, 14″) orientation being defined with respect to a three dimensional euclidean space described by first, second and third axes (X, Y, Z);
in the operative folding mode, the article (12) moving along a base plane (P) defined by the first and second axes (X, Y), in a motion direction (MD) parallel to the first axis (X); the folding device (14′, 14″) comprising a support structure (54) connected to, and configured for supporting, the contact device (15′, 15″),
the contact device (15′, 15″) comprising a peripheral surface (48) extending at least partially about at least one rotation axis (R, R1, R2); the peripheral surface (48) comprising multiple elongated fingers (44) protruding outwardly away therefrom;
wherein
in the operative folding mode of the folding device (14′ 14″), the fingers (44) consecutively engage, and incrementally fold, the article (12). 2. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein in a top view, the article (12) comprises first and second article surfaces (24, 26) and a peripheral article edge (28) which extends therebetween and defines an outline of the article (12), the first article surface (24) faces towards the contact device (15′, 15″) and the second article surface (26) faces away from the contact device (15′, 15″); and wherein in the operative folding mode, the respective fingers (44) which form the fold are configured to engage mainly the article edge (28) and the second article surface (26). 3. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the folding device (14′, 14″) has a driving motor (56) which drives the contact device (15′, 15″), which enables continuous folding. 4. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface (48) is an outwards facing outer belt surface (50) of a belt (46) which extends about at least one pulley (52), the rotation axis of which coincides respectively with the rotation axis (R). 5. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the folding device (14″) comprises first and second pulleys (52 a, 52 b), each of which has first and second rotation axes (R1, R2); and wherein the peripheral surface (48) is an outwards facing outer belt surface (50) of a belt (46) stretched about the first and second pulleys (52 a, 52 b). 6. The folding device (14″) according to claim 5, wherein the peripheral surface (48) is an outwards facing outer belt surface (50) of a belt (46) which has a belt velocity (BV); and wherein in a view along the third axis (Z) the belt velocity (BV) is either directed towards the motion direction (MD), and forms an acute velocity angle (aV) therewith, or directed away from the motion direction (MD) and forms an obtuse angle (180−aV) therewith. 7. The folding device (14″) according to claim 6, wherein the velocity angle (aV) ranges between 30 and 70 degrees and preferably between 40 and 60 degrees. 8-9. (canceled) 10. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein at least one finger (44) is at least partially deformable. 11. (canceled) 12. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein each finger (44) has a finger top surface (66) and a finger peripheral surface (68) which extends therefrom towards the peripheral surface (48); and wherein the finger peripheral surface (68) has multiple ridges (70) which protrude outwardly therefrom. 13. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface (48) comprises fingers (44) lined up in a row. 14-15. (canceled) 16. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the contact device (15′, 15″) has a contact device length (ML) and a contact device width (MW); and wherein a dimension ratio LWR=ML/MW is larger than 0.5. 17. A folding system (10) configured for continuously creating at least one fold along a respective fold line (20) in an article (12) during motion thereof, the folding system (10) comprising:
the folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1; a conveyor (18) configured for conveying the article (12) in a motion direction (MD); before being folded, the article (12) comprising a first article surface (24) facing away from the conveyor (18) and a second article surface (26) facing and contacting the conveyor (18); and a holding member (16) comprising a holding member edge (30), only the holding member (16) configured for holding at least a portion of the article (12) in a direction perpendicular to the motion direction (MD) during folding, and configured for defining a fold line (20) in the article (20) along the holding member edge (30). 18. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the holding member (16) does not rotate. 19. (canceled) 20. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein in the operative folding mode of the folding system (10), the fold is created in the article (12) only during relative motion in the motion direction (MD) between the article (12) and the folding device (14′, 14″). 21. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the at least one rotation axis (R) of the contact device (15′, 15″) is not perpendicular to the motion direction (MD). 22. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein at least one finger (44) is configured to contact the conveyor (18) if no article is located therebetween. 23. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the contact device (15″) comprises first and second parallel pulleys (52 a, 52 b) and at least one belt (46) which is stretched thereabout. 24. (canceled) 25. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the folding system (10) comprises two elongated folding devices (14″), and wherein in a top view of the folding system (10) parallel the third axis (Z), the respective rotation axes (R) diverge along the motion direction (MD). 26-27. (canceled) 28. A continuous article folding method comprising:
(a) providing the at least one folding system (10) according to claim 17; (b) enabling continuous relative motion in the motion direction (MD) between the article (12) and the at least one folding device (14′, 14″); (c) holding the article (12) using the holding member (16); (d) using a holding member edge (30) and establishing a fold line (20) location and orientation in the article (12); and (e) continuously engaging the second article surface (26) using the fingers (44) and collecting and folding the article (12) over the fold line (20) at least in a direction perpendicular to the motion direction (MD). 29. An article folding method for folding an article (12) using the folding device (14′, 14″) of claim 1, and comprising a first article surface (24) facing in a first direction, a second article surface (26) facing in a second direction opposite to the first direction, opposing first and second article lateral edges (28 a, 28 b), and an article center line (CL) passing between the article lateral edges (28 a, 28 b), the method comprising:
(a) conveying the article (12) in a motion direction (MD) which coincides with an article central axis (CL); and
(b) while the article moves in the motion direction (MD), successively collecting and folding incremental portions of the article's first lateral edge (28 a) towards the center line (CL), until at least an entire section of the first lateral edge (28 a) is folded over the second article surface (26). 30-36. (canceled) | A folding device (14′, 14″) includes a driven contact device (15′, 15″) configured for continuously creating a fold in a moving article (12) during an operative folding mode of the folding device. In the operative folding mode, the article moves along a base plane in a motion direction (MD). The folding device includes a support structure (54) connected to, and configured for supporting, the contact device. The contact device includes a peripheral surface (48) which extends at least partially about at least one rotation axis. The peripheral surface includes multiple fingers (44) which protrude outwardly away therefrom. In the operative folding mode, the fingers consecutively and incrementally engage and fold the article starting at an edge (28) defining an outline thereof.1. A folding device (14′, 14″) comprising
a driven contact device (15′, 15″) configured for continuously creating a fold in a moving article (12) during an operative folding mode of the folding device (14′ 14″); the folding device (14′, 14″) orientation being defined with respect to a three dimensional euclidean space described by first, second and third axes (X, Y, Z);
in the operative folding mode, the article (12) moving along a base plane (P) defined by the first and second axes (X, Y), in a motion direction (MD) parallel to the first axis (X); the folding device (14′, 14″) comprising a support structure (54) connected to, and configured for supporting, the contact device (15′, 15″),
the contact device (15′, 15″) comprising a peripheral surface (48) extending at least partially about at least one rotation axis (R, R1, R2); the peripheral surface (48) comprising multiple elongated fingers (44) protruding outwardly away therefrom;
wherein
in the operative folding mode of the folding device (14′ 14″), the fingers (44) consecutively engage, and incrementally fold, the article (12). 2. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein in a top view, the article (12) comprises first and second article surfaces (24, 26) and a peripheral article edge (28) which extends therebetween and defines an outline of the article (12), the first article surface (24) faces towards the contact device (15′, 15″) and the second article surface (26) faces away from the contact device (15′, 15″); and wherein in the operative folding mode, the respective fingers (44) which form the fold are configured to engage mainly the article edge (28) and the second article surface (26). 3. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the folding device (14′, 14″) has a driving motor (56) which drives the contact device (15′, 15″), which enables continuous folding. 4. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface (48) is an outwards facing outer belt surface (50) of a belt (46) which extends about at least one pulley (52), the rotation axis of which coincides respectively with the rotation axis (R). 5. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the folding device (14″) comprises first and second pulleys (52 a, 52 b), each of which has first and second rotation axes (R1, R2); and wherein the peripheral surface (48) is an outwards facing outer belt surface (50) of a belt (46) stretched about the first and second pulleys (52 a, 52 b). 6. The folding device (14″) according to claim 5, wherein the peripheral surface (48) is an outwards facing outer belt surface (50) of a belt (46) which has a belt velocity (BV); and wherein in a view along the third axis (Z) the belt velocity (BV) is either directed towards the motion direction (MD), and forms an acute velocity angle (aV) therewith, or directed away from the motion direction (MD) and forms an obtuse angle (180−aV) therewith. 7. The folding device (14″) according to claim 6, wherein the velocity angle (aV) ranges between 30 and 70 degrees and preferably between 40 and 60 degrees. 8-9. (canceled) 10. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein at least one finger (44) is at least partially deformable. 11. (canceled) 12. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein each finger (44) has a finger top surface (66) and a finger peripheral surface (68) which extends therefrom towards the peripheral surface (48); and wherein the finger peripheral surface (68) has multiple ridges (70) which protrude outwardly therefrom. 13. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface (48) comprises fingers (44) lined up in a row. 14-15. (canceled) 16. The folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1, wherein the contact device (15′, 15″) has a contact device length (ML) and a contact device width (MW); and wherein a dimension ratio LWR=ML/MW is larger than 0.5. 17. A folding system (10) configured for continuously creating at least one fold along a respective fold line (20) in an article (12) during motion thereof, the folding system (10) comprising:
the folding device (14′, 14″) according to claim 1; a conveyor (18) configured for conveying the article (12) in a motion direction (MD); before being folded, the article (12) comprising a first article surface (24) facing away from the conveyor (18) and a second article surface (26) facing and contacting the conveyor (18); and a holding member (16) comprising a holding member edge (30), only the holding member (16) configured for holding at least a portion of the article (12) in a direction perpendicular to the motion direction (MD) during folding, and configured for defining a fold line (20) in the article (20) along the holding member edge (30). 18. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the holding member (16) does not rotate. 19. (canceled) 20. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein in the operative folding mode of the folding system (10), the fold is created in the article (12) only during relative motion in the motion direction (MD) between the article (12) and the folding device (14′, 14″). 21. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the at least one rotation axis (R) of the contact device (15′, 15″) is not perpendicular to the motion direction (MD). 22. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein at least one finger (44) is configured to contact the conveyor (18) if no article is located therebetween. 23. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the contact device (15″) comprises first and second parallel pulleys (52 a, 52 b) and at least one belt (46) which is stretched thereabout. 24. (canceled) 25. The folding system (10) according to claim 17, wherein the folding system (10) comprises two elongated folding devices (14″), and wherein in a top view of the folding system (10) parallel the third axis (Z), the respective rotation axes (R) diverge along the motion direction (MD). 26-27. (canceled) 28. A continuous article folding method comprising:
(a) providing the at least one folding system (10) according to claim 17; (b) enabling continuous relative motion in the motion direction (MD) between the article (12) and the at least one folding device (14′, 14″); (c) holding the article (12) using the holding member (16); (d) using a holding member edge (30) and establishing a fold line (20) location and orientation in the article (12); and (e) continuously engaging the second article surface (26) using the fingers (44) and collecting and folding the article (12) over the fold line (20) at least in a direction perpendicular to the motion direction (MD). 29. An article folding method for folding an article (12) using the folding device (14′, 14″) of claim 1, and comprising a first article surface (24) facing in a first direction, a second article surface (26) facing in a second direction opposite to the first direction, opposing first and second article lateral edges (28 a, 28 b), and an article center line (CL) passing between the article lateral edges (28 a, 28 b), the method comprising:
(a) conveying the article (12) in a motion direction (MD) which coincides with an article central axis (CL); and
(b) while the article moves in the motion direction (MD), successively collecting and folding incremental portions of the article's first lateral edge (28 a) towards the center line (CL), until at least an entire section of the first lateral edge (28 a) is folded over the second article surface (26). 30-36. (canceled) | 1,600 |
342,836 | 16,642,567 | 1,634 | Described is a method of treating wastewater. The method includes receiving the wastewater at a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin. The method also includes adding a ballast material to the wastewater, treating the wastewater in the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin to produce a ballasted mixed liquor effluent, receiving the ballasted mixed liquor effluent at a high-rate heavy solids removal zone that includes one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units, and removing ballasted heavy solids from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent using the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units to produce a concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent and a clarified liquid effluent. Also described is a system for treating wastewater including a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin and a high-rate heavy solids removal zone for treating a ballasted mixed liquor effluent. | 1. A method of treating wastewater, comprising:
receiving the wastewater at a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin comprises one or more zones for biomass growth; adding a ballast material to the wastewater; treating the wastewater in the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin to produce a ballasted mixed liquor effluent; receiving the ballasted mixed liquor effluent at a high-rate heavy solids removal zone that includes one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units; and removing ballasted heavy solids from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent using the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units to produce a concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent and a clarified liquid effluent. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units are selected from the group consisting of: an aerated grit removal unit, a vortex-type grit removal unit, a stacked-tray type grit removal unit, a cyclone type grit removal unit, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units is a stacked-tray grit removal unit. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent is returned to the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising treating the clarified liquid effluent in an effluent filtration unit, barrier separation unit, or a tertiary treatment process. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tertiary treatment process comprises a disinfection process, a high-rate clarification process, a direct filtration process, or any combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballast material includes a natural ballast. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the natural ballast is selected from the group consisting of: activated sludge granules, anammox granules, grit particles, struvite, vivianite, or other precipitates, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballast material includes an artificial ballast. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the artificial ballast is selected from the group consisting of: sand, iron, iron derivatives, synthetic fabricated materials and shapes, and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballast material includes a mixture of one or more natural ballasts and one or more artificial ballasts. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin includes a first zone operating under anaerobic conditions, a second zone operating under anoxic conditions, a third zone operating under aerobic conditions, a fourth zone operated under anoxic conditions, and a fifth zone adapted to re-aerate the wastewater contained therein. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing phosphorus in the ballasted mixed liquor effluent through the addition of iron salts or polymers to the ballasted mixed liquor effluent to facilitate precipitation of phosphorus from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent. 14. A system for treating wastewater, comprising:
a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin adapted to receive a wastewater influent, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin includes one or more zones for biomass growth, and wherein the wastewater is treated in the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin to generate a ballasted mixed liquor effluent; a ballast material addition unit adapted to add the ballast material to the wastewater; and a high-rate heavy solids removal zone adapted to receive the ballasted mixed liquor effluent, wherein the high-rate heavy solids removal zone includes one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units adapted to remove ballasted heavy solids from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent and produce a concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent and a clarified liquid effluent. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units are selected from the group consisting of: an aerated grit removal unit, a vortex-type grit removal unit, a stacked-tray type grit removal unit, a cyclone type grit removal unit, and combinations thereof. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein at least one of the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units is a stacked tray grit removal unit. 17. The system of claim 14, further comprising an effluent filtration or tertiary treatment unit in communication with the high-rate heavy solids removal zone, wherein the effluent filtration or tertiary treatment unit is adapted to treat the clarified liquid effluent. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the tertiary treatment unit is adapted to include a disinfection process, a high-rate clarification process, a direct filtration process, or any combination thereof. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin includes a first zone operating under anaerobic conditions, a second zone operating under anoxic conditions, a third zone operating under aerobic conditions, a fourth zone operated under anoxic conditions and a fifth zone adapted to re-aerate the wastewater contained therein. 20. The system of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basins and a plurality of the high-rate heavy solids removal zones, wherein each of the plurality of the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basins has one of the high-rate heavy solids removal zone associated therewith. | Described is a method of treating wastewater. The method includes receiving the wastewater at a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin. The method also includes adding a ballast material to the wastewater, treating the wastewater in the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin to produce a ballasted mixed liquor effluent, receiving the ballasted mixed liquor effluent at a high-rate heavy solids removal zone that includes one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units, and removing ballasted heavy solids from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent using the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units to produce a concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent and a clarified liquid effluent. Also described is a system for treating wastewater including a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin and a high-rate heavy solids removal zone for treating a ballasted mixed liquor effluent.1. A method of treating wastewater, comprising:
receiving the wastewater at a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin comprises one or more zones for biomass growth; adding a ballast material to the wastewater; treating the wastewater in the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin to produce a ballasted mixed liquor effluent; receiving the ballasted mixed liquor effluent at a high-rate heavy solids removal zone that includes one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units; and removing ballasted heavy solids from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent using the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units to produce a concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent and a clarified liquid effluent. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units are selected from the group consisting of: an aerated grit removal unit, a vortex-type grit removal unit, a stacked-tray type grit removal unit, a cyclone type grit removal unit, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units is a stacked-tray grit removal unit. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent is returned to the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising treating the clarified liquid effluent in an effluent filtration unit, barrier separation unit, or a tertiary treatment process. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tertiary treatment process comprises a disinfection process, a high-rate clarification process, a direct filtration process, or any combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballast material includes a natural ballast. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the natural ballast is selected from the group consisting of: activated sludge granules, anammox granules, grit particles, struvite, vivianite, or other precipitates, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballast material includes an artificial ballast. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the artificial ballast is selected from the group consisting of: sand, iron, iron derivatives, synthetic fabricated materials and shapes, and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballast material includes a mixture of one or more natural ballasts and one or more artificial ballasts. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin includes a first zone operating under anaerobic conditions, a second zone operating under anoxic conditions, a third zone operating under aerobic conditions, a fourth zone operated under anoxic conditions, and a fifth zone adapted to re-aerate the wastewater contained therein. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing phosphorus in the ballasted mixed liquor effluent through the addition of iron salts or polymers to the ballasted mixed liquor effluent to facilitate precipitation of phosphorus from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent. 14. A system for treating wastewater, comprising:
a ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin adapted to receive a wastewater influent, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin includes one or more zones for biomass growth, and wherein the wastewater is treated in the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin to generate a ballasted mixed liquor effluent; a ballast material addition unit adapted to add the ballast material to the wastewater; and a high-rate heavy solids removal zone adapted to receive the ballasted mixed liquor effluent, wherein the high-rate heavy solids removal zone includes one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units adapted to remove ballasted heavy solids from the ballasted mixed liquor effluent and produce a concentrated ballasted heavy solids effluent and a clarified liquid effluent. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units are selected from the group consisting of: an aerated grit removal unit, a vortex-type grit removal unit, a stacked-tray type grit removal unit, a cyclone type grit removal unit, and combinations thereof. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein at least one of the one or more high-rate heavy solids removal units is a stacked tray grit removal unit. 17. The system of claim 14, further comprising an effluent filtration or tertiary treatment unit in communication with the high-rate heavy solids removal zone, wherein the effluent filtration or tertiary treatment unit is adapted to treat the clarified liquid effluent. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the tertiary treatment unit is adapted to include a disinfection process, a high-rate clarification process, a direct filtration process, or any combination thereof. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basin includes a first zone operating under anaerobic conditions, a second zone operating under anoxic conditions, a third zone operating under aerobic conditions, a fourth zone operated under anoxic conditions and a fifth zone adapted to re-aerate the wastewater contained therein. 20. The system of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basins and a plurality of the high-rate heavy solids removal zones, wherein each of the plurality of the ballasted activated sludge secondary treatment aeration basins has one of the high-rate heavy solids removal zone associated therewith. | 1,600 |
342,837 | 16,642,583 | 1,634 | A particulate frozen dairy product comprising beads which remain free-flowing when at a temperature of about −12° C. or less. The beads comprise of a dairy product selected from the group consisting of frozen neat cream and frozen anhydrous milk fat. Included is a method of shipping a frozen dairy product. The method comprises cryogenically freezing a neat cream to form a plurality of frozen beads, and shipping the frozen beads while maintaining said frozen beads at a temperature less than −12° C. such that the frozen beads remain free-flowing during shipping. Further, the frozen beads are ideal for shipping, storage and use in that they lend themselves to multiple packaging options and easy proportioning for recipes. | 1. A particulate frozen dairy product comprising:
beads which remain free-flowing when at a temperature of about −12° C. or less, wherein said beads have a diameter of from about 1 mm to about 15 mm, and wherein said beads are comprised of a dairy product selected from the group consisting of frozen neat cream and frozen anhydrous milk fat, and said beads are essentially free of any non-dairy food ingredients other than thickeners or stabilizers. 2. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 1, wherein said beads have a diameter from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. 3. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 1, wherein said beads have a diameter from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. 4. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 1, wherein said beads remain free flowing when at a temperature of −18° C. or less. 5. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 4, wherein said beads consist essentially of neat cream. 6. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 4, wherein said beads consist essentially of anhydrous milk fat. 7. A method of shipping a frozen dairy product, the method comprising:
cryogenically freezing a neat cream to form a plurality of frozen beads, which are free-flowing at a temperature of −12° C. or less, and have a diameter of from about 1 mm to about 15 mm; and shipping said frozen beads while maintaining said frozen beads at a temperature of −12° C. or less such that the frozen beads remain free flowing during shipping. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said neat cream is essentially free of any non-dairy food ingredients other than thickeners or stabilizers. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads remain free flowing when at a temperature of −18° C. or less. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads consist essentially of neat cream. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
subjecting the frozen beads to a vacuum while maintaining said frozen beads at a temperature of less than −40° C. such that water is drawn from the frozen beads such that the frozen beads consist essentially of frozen anhydrous milk fat. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the neat cream is frozen at a temperature of −184° C. (about −300° F.) or less. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said neat cream is essentially free of any non-dairy-cream food ingredients. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said frozen beads remain free-flowing when at a temperature of −18° C. or less. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. | A particulate frozen dairy product comprising beads which remain free-flowing when at a temperature of about −12° C. or less. The beads comprise of a dairy product selected from the group consisting of frozen neat cream and frozen anhydrous milk fat. Included is a method of shipping a frozen dairy product. The method comprises cryogenically freezing a neat cream to form a plurality of frozen beads, and shipping the frozen beads while maintaining said frozen beads at a temperature less than −12° C. such that the frozen beads remain free-flowing during shipping. Further, the frozen beads are ideal for shipping, storage and use in that they lend themselves to multiple packaging options and easy proportioning for recipes.1. A particulate frozen dairy product comprising:
beads which remain free-flowing when at a temperature of about −12° C. or less, wherein said beads have a diameter of from about 1 mm to about 15 mm, and wherein said beads are comprised of a dairy product selected from the group consisting of frozen neat cream and frozen anhydrous milk fat, and said beads are essentially free of any non-dairy food ingredients other than thickeners or stabilizers. 2. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 1, wherein said beads have a diameter from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. 3. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 1, wherein said beads have a diameter from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. 4. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 1, wherein said beads remain free flowing when at a temperature of −18° C. or less. 5. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 4, wherein said beads consist essentially of neat cream. 6. The particulate frozen dairy product of claim 4, wherein said beads consist essentially of anhydrous milk fat. 7. A method of shipping a frozen dairy product, the method comprising:
cryogenically freezing a neat cream to form a plurality of frozen beads, which are free-flowing at a temperature of −12° C. or less, and have a diameter of from about 1 mm to about 15 mm; and shipping said frozen beads while maintaining said frozen beads at a temperature of −12° C. or less such that the frozen beads remain free flowing during shipping. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said neat cream is essentially free of any non-dairy food ingredients other than thickeners or stabilizers. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads remain free flowing when at a temperature of −18° C. or less. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein said frozen beads consist essentially of neat cream. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
subjecting the frozen beads to a vacuum while maintaining said frozen beads at a temperature of less than −40° C. such that water is drawn from the frozen beads such that the frozen beads consist essentially of frozen anhydrous milk fat. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the neat cream is frozen at a temperature of −184° C. (about −300° F.) or less. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said neat cream is essentially free of any non-dairy-cream food ingredients. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said frozen beads remain free-flowing when at a temperature of −18° C. or less. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein said frozen beads have a diameter from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. | 1,600 |
342,838 | 16,642,552 | 1,634 | The present disclosure relates to a novel compound as a JAK inhibitor, a composition, and an application thereof. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a compound having high JAK inhibitory activity (as represented by formula (I)) or its isomer, solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, and prodrug, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound. Also disclosed is a use of the present compound or pharmaceutical composition in preparation of a medicament for treating autoimmune diseases or cancers. | 1. A compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a structural formula (I): 2. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring contains 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from 0 and/or N and/or S, wherein when the heteroatom is N, N is connected to H, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C3 acyl, preferably acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, propionyl, or N,N-diformyl; and when the heteroatom is S, S is connected to 0 to 2 oxygen atoms. 3. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted 5-membered aryl or heteroaryl group has a structural formula of 4. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered aryl or heteroaryl has a structural formula of 5. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl has a structural formula of 6. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl has a formula of 7. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the heterocyclyl is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl containing oxygen and/or nitrogen, such as: 8. A compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a structural formula (I): 9. The compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from: 10. The compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from: 11. A compound of formula (I), or an isomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof: 12. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, 13. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, 14. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 12, wherein n1 is an integer of 0 to 2, n2 is an integer of 0 to 1, n3 is an integer of 0 to 3, R4 and R5 are each independently H, or methyl, and R4 and R5 are the same or different; R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13 are each independently H, methyl or ethyl, and m is 0 or 1. 15. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 14, wherein R3 is 16. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, wherein n4 is an integer of 0 to 3, n5 is an integer of 0 to 1, n6 is an integer of 0 to 5, R7 and R8 are each independently H, or methyl, and R7 and R8 are the same or different; R6 is —H, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, C1-C5 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C5 alkoxyethyl, C1-C5 alkoxypropyl, C1-C5 alkylthioethyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or —NR′R″, wherein R′ and R″ are each independently H, or C1-C3 alkyl. 17. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 16, wherein R6 is H, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxypropyl, isopropoxypropyl, methylthioethyl, ethylthioethyl, propylthioethyl, isopropylthioethyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or —NR′R″, wherein R′ and R″ are each independently H, methyl, or ethyl; wherein the 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is a heterocyclyl containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from hydroxy, C1-C3 alkyl, and C1-C3 acyl. 18. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 17, wherein the heterocyclyl containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S is selected from any one of the following groups: 19. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, wherein said compound of formula (I) is selected from: 20. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, wherein said compound of formula (I) is selected from: 21. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound is selected from one or more salts of the compound as follows: hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydriodate, perchlorate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, propionate, glycolate, lactate, succinate, maleate, tartrate, malate, citrate, fumarate, gluconate, benzoate, mandelate, mesylate, isethionate, benzenesulfonate, oxalate, palmitate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylaminosulfonate, salicylate, hexonate, trifluoroacetate, aluminum, calcium, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc. 22. Use of A method of treating autoimmune diseases and cancers associated with tyrosine kinases JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, or TYK2 in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 1, wherein autoimmune diseases and cancers associated with tyrosine kinases JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, or TYK2 include fundus oculi disease, xerophthalmia, psoriasis, vitiligo, dermatitis, alopecia areata, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, bone marrow fibrosis, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, liver cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, thyroid cancer, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, brain tumor, B-cell and T-cell lymphoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, biliary tract cancerous sarcoma, and bile duct cancer. 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 1, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. 24. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 23, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more other therapeutic agents. | The present disclosure relates to a novel compound as a JAK inhibitor, a composition, and an application thereof. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a compound having high JAK inhibitory activity (as represented by formula (I)) or its isomer, solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, and prodrug, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound. Also disclosed is a use of the present compound or pharmaceutical composition in preparation of a medicament for treating autoimmune diseases or cancers.1. A compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a structural formula (I): 2. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring contains 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from 0 and/or N and/or S, wherein when the heteroatom is N, N is connected to H, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C3 acyl, preferably acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, propionyl, or N,N-diformyl; and when the heteroatom is S, S is connected to 0 to 2 oxygen atoms. 3. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted 5-membered aryl or heteroaryl group has a structural formula of 4. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered aryl or heteroaryl has a structural formula of 5. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl has a structural formula of 6. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl has a formula of 7. The compound, or the isomer, the solvate or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the heterocyclyl is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl containing oxygen and/or nitrogen, such as: 8. A compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a structural formula (I): 9. The compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from: 10. The compound, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from: 11. A compound of formula (I), or an isomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof: 12. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, 13. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, 14. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 12, wherein n1 is an integer of 0 to 2, n2 is an integer of 0 to 1, n3 is an integer of 0 to 3, R4 and R5 are each independently H, or methyl, and R4 and R5 are the same or different; R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13 are each independently H, methyl or ethyl, and m is 0 or 1. 15. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 14, wherein R3 is 16. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, wherein n4 is an integer of 0 to 3, n5 is an integer of 0 to 1, n6 is an integer of 0 to 5, R7 and R8 are each independently H, or methyl, and R7 and R8 are the same or different; R6 is —H, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, C1-C5 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C5 alkoxyethyl, C1-C5 alkoxypropyl, C1-C5 alkylthioethyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or —NR′R″, wherein R′ and R″ are each independently H, or C1-C3 alkyl. 17. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 16, wherein R6 is H, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxypropyl, isopropoxypropyl, methylthioethyl, ethylthioethyl, propylthioethyl, isopropylthioethyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, or —NR′R″, wherein R′ and R″ are each independently H, methyl, or ethyl; wherein the 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is a heterocyclyl containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from hydroxy, C1-C3 alkyl, and C1-C3 acyl. 18. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 17, wherein the heterocyclyl containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S is selected from any one of the following groups: 19. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, wherein said compound of formula (I) is selected from: 20. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 11, wherein said compound of formula (I) is selected from: 21. The compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound is selected from one or more salts of the compound as follows: hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydriodate, perchlorate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, propionate, glycolate, lactate, succinate, maleate, tartrate, malate, citrate, fumarate, gluconate, benzoate, mandelate, mesylate, isethionate, benzenesulfonate, oxalate, palmitate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylaminosulfonate, salicylate, hexonate, trifluoroacetate, aluminum, calcium, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc. 22. Use of A method of treating autoimmune diseases and cancers associated with tyrosine kinases JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, or TYK2 in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 1, wherein autoimmune diseases and cancers associated with tyrosine kinases JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, or TYK2 include fundus oculi disease, xerophthalmia, psoriasis, vitiligo, dermatitis, alopecia areata, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, bone marrow fibrosis, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, liver cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, thyroid cancer, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, brain tumor, B-cell and T-cell lymphoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, biliary tract cancerous sarcoma, and bile duct cancer. 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, or the isomer, the hydrate, the solvate, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the prodrug thereof according to claim 1, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. 24. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 23, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more other therapeutic agents. | 1,600 |
342,839 | 16,642,566 | 1,634 | Extra precision can be added to motion vectors, such as those obtained using advanced motion vector prediction or frame rate upconversion, to produce improved motion compensation. The increased precision from neighboring blocks are used to provide increased precision to a motion vector for a current block. In various embodiments, the derivation of the increased precision can be found through various methods. In other embodiments, refined motion vectors can be saved for use in subsequent predictions, and a rate distorion optimized selection can be performed for determining whether or not to use the refinement. | 1. A method, comprising:
deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously encoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, encoding said motion compensated block of video data. 2. A method, comprising:
deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously decoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, decoding said motion compensated block of video data. 3. An apparatus for coding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously encoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, encoding said motion compensated block of video data. 4. An apparatus for coding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously decoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, decoding said motion compensated block of video data. 5. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein the motion vector is used with advanced motion vector prediction. 6. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein the motion vector is used with frame rate up conversion. 7. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein encoding is performed on said motion vector having an initial precision. 8. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block comprises:
using an additional precision value from a motion vector for a neighboring block that is a motion vector predictor for the block. 9. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said additional precision value is derived from a motion vector corresponding to one or more predefined neighboring blocks. 10. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said additional precision value is derived from a first N encountered motion vectors corresponding to neighboring blocks that have greater precision than the motion vector, having an initial precision, for said block of video data. 11. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said additional precision value is derived from a first N motion vectors corresponding to neighboring blocks that are closest in value to the motion vector, having an initial precision, for said block of video data. 12. The method or the apparatus of claim 10 or 11, wherein said additional precision value is derived from some combination of the N motion vectors. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method of any one of claims 2 and 5 to 12. | Extra precision can be added to motion vectors, such as those obtained using advanced motion vector prediction or frame rate upconversion, to produce improved motion compensation. The increased precision from neighboring blocks are used to provide increased precision to a motion vector for a current block. In various embodiments, the derivation of the increased precision can be found through various methods. In other embodiments, refined motion vectors can be saved for use in subsequent predictions, and a rate distorion optimized selection can be performed for determining whether or not to use the refinement.1. A method, comprising:
deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously encoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, encoding said motion compensated block of video data. 2. A method, comprising:
deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously decoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, decoding said motion compensated block of video data. 3. An apparatus for coding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously encoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, encoding said motion compensated block of video data. 4. An apparatus for coding a block of video data, comprising:
a memory, and a processor, configured to perform: deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block previously decoded; refining said motion vector by assigning to it said additional precision value; performing motion compensation for said block of video data by using said refined motion vector; and, decoding said motion compensated block of video data. 5. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein the motion vector is used with advanced motion vector prediction. 6. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein the motion vector is used with frame rate up conversion. 7. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein encoding is performed on said motion vector having an initial precision. 8. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein deriving an additional precision value for a motion vector, having an initial precision, for a block of video data from at least one neighboring block comprises:
using an additional precision value from a motion vector for a neighboring block that is a motion vector predictor for the block. 9. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said additional precision value is derived from a motion vector corresponding to one or more predefined neighboring blocks. 10. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said additional precision value is derived from a first N encountered motion vectors corresponding to neighboring blocks that have greater precision than the motion vector, having an initial precision, for said block of video data. 11. The method of claim 1 or 2, or the apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein said additional precision value is derived from a first N motion vectors corresponding to neighboring blocks that are closest in value to the motion vector, having an initial precision, for said block of video data. 12. The method or the apparatus of claim 10 or 11, wherein said additional precision value is derived from some combination of the N motion vectors. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing data content generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 14. A signal comprising video data generated according to the method of any one of claims 1 and 5 to 12, or by the apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 5 to 12, for playback using a processor. 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method of any one of claims 2 and 5 to 12. | 1,600 |
342,840 | 16,642,597 | 1,634 | The present invention provides a multilayer type powder-containing cosmetic preparation which can be variously formulated and in which the powder ingredient has excellent re-dispersibility without being required to have undergone a surface treatment. The a multilayer powder-containing cosmetic preparation includes (a) to (c) components: (a) a 60-95% by mass lower alcohol; (b) a powder ingredient (excluding a (c) component); and (c) a finely particulate powder which has an average primary-particle diameter of 10-550 nm and includes silica or titanium dioxide as a core. | 1. A multilayer powder-containing cosmetic, comprising:
(a) 60 to 95% by mass of a lower alcohol; (b) a powder component; and (c) a fine particle powder having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 550 nm; wherein said fine particle powder (c) further comprising:
at least a powder selected from a group consisting of silica and titanium dioxide that forms a core of the fine particle powder; and
wherein, said powder component (b) is different from said fine particle powder component (c). 2. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said fine particle powder (c) comprises said silica in said core. 3. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(d) at least one component selected from a group consisting of a polyoxyethylene/methylpolysiloxane copolymer, calcium stearate and sodium N,N-dimethylacrylamide-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate. 4. The cosmetic, preparation according to claim 1, wherein:
said powder component (b) comprises:
at least one powder selected from a group consisting of potassium aluminum sulfate, zinc oxide, an extender pigment, silica having an average primary particle diameter larger than 0.55 μm, titanium dioxide having an average primary particle diameter larger than 0.55 μm, a polyalkyl acrylate powder, a crosslinked silicone powder and a nylon powder. 5. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said cosmetic is a deodorant that comprises potassium aluminum sulfate as the powder component (b). 6. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said cosmetic is filled in a roll-on container. 7. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
a viscosity of said cosmetic is not more than 1000 mPa·s. | The present invention provides a multilayer type powder-containing cosmetic preparation which can be variously formulated and in which the powder ingredient has excellent re-dispersibility without being required to have undergone a surface treatment. The a multilayer powder-containing cosmetic preparation includes (a) to (c) components: (a) a 60-95% by mass lower alcohol; (b) a powder ingredient (excluding a (c) component); and (c) a finely particulate powder which has an average primary-particle diameter of 10-550 nm and includes silica or titanium dioxide as a core.1. A multilayer powder-containing cosmetic, comprising:
(a) 60 to 95% by mass of a lower alcohol; (b) a powder component; and (c) a fine particle powder having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 550 nm; wherein said fine particle powder (c) further comprising:
at least a powder selected from a group consisting of silica and titanium dioxide that forms a core of the fine particle powder; and
wherein, said powder component (b) is different from said fine particle powder component (c). 2. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said fine particle powder (c) comprises said silica in said core. 3. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(d) at least one component selected from a group consisting of a polyoxyethylene/methylpolysiloxane copolymer, calcium stearate and sodium N,N-dimethylacrylamide-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate. 4. The cosmetic, preparation according to claim 1, wherein:
said powder component (b) comprises:
at least one powder selected from a group consisting of potassium aluminum sulfate, zinc oxide, an extender pigment, silica having an average primary particle diameter larger than 0.55 μm, titanium dioxide having an average primary particle diameter larger than 0.55 μm, a polyalkyl acrylate powder, a crosslinked silicone powder and a nylon powder. 5. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said cosmetic is a deodorant that comprises potassium aluminum sulfate as the powder component (b). 6. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said cosmetic is filled in a roll-on container. 7. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
a viscosity of said cosmetic is not more than 1000 mPa·s. | 1,600 |
342,841 | 16,642,564 | 1,634 | Provided is a non-destructive inspection device for inspecting thinning produced in the vicinity of the ground of a to-be-inspected body, which is erected on a ground surface by burying the base-end side thereof in the ground. A non-destructive inspection device having: magnetic probes comprising impression coils that impress a magnetic field on a to-be-inspected body, which is erected on a ground surface by the base-end side thereof being buried in the ground, and magnetic sensors that detect a response from the to-be-inspected body with respect to the magnetic field impressed by the impression coils; a current source for supplying an AC current having a prescribed frequency to the impression coils; a detector for detecting an output signal from the magnetic sensors; and an analyzer for performing analysis using an output signal from the detector, wherein the non-destructive inspection device detects a response from the to-be-inspected body in a first mode in which the magnetic field generated by the impression coil is impressed toward the vicinity of the around of the to-be-inspected body and a second mode in which the magnetic field is impressed on the to-be-inspected body by the impression coil at a position different front the position of the impression coil in the first mode. | 1. A non-destructive inspection device comprising:
a magnetic probe including an application coil that applies a magnetic field to a to-be-inspected body erected on a ground, the to-be-inspected body having a base end buried in the ground, and a magnetic sensor that detects a response from the to-be-inspected body to the magnetic field applied by the application coil; a current source that supplies an AC current of a prescribed frequency to the application coil; a detector that detects an output signal from the magnetic sensor; and an analyzer that performs an analysis using the output signal of the detector, wherein a response from the to-be-inspected body is detected with a first mode in which a magnetic field generated by the application coil is applied toward a groundside portion of the to-be-inspected body, and a second mode in which a magnetic field is applied to the to-be-inspected body by an application coil located at a position different from a position of the application coil for the first mode, the frequencies of the magnetic field applied in the first mode and the second mode are two frequencies: a predetermined reference frequency and a frequency different from the reference frequency. 2. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 1, wherein a direction of a center axis of the application coil for the second mode is different from a direction of a center axis of the application coil for the first mode. 3. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 1, wherein a height of the application coil for the second mode from the ground is different from a height of the application coil for the first mode from the ground. 4. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the first mode; and a second magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the second mode. 5. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the first mode; and a second magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the second mode. 6. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a first magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the first mode; and a second magnetic probe, that applies a magnetic field of the second mode. | Provided is a non-destructive inspection device for inspecting thinning produced in the vicinity of the ground of a to-be-inspected body, which is erected on a ground surface by burying the base-end side thereof in the ground. A non-destructive inspection device having: magnetic probes comprising impression coils that impress a magnetic field on a to-be-inspected body, which is erected on a ground surface by the base-end side thereof being buried in the ground, and magnetic sensors that detect a response from the to-be-inspected body with respect to the magnetic field impressed by the impression coils; a current source for supplying an AC current having a prescribed frequency to the impression coils; a detector for detecting an output signal from the magnetic sensors; and an analyzer for performing analysis using an output signal from the detector, wherein the non-destructive inspection device detects a response from the to-be-inspected body in a first mode in which the magnetic field generated by the impression coil is impressed toward the vicinity of the around of the to-be-inspected body and a second mode in which the magnetic field is impressed on the to-be-inspected body by the impression coil at a position different front the position of the impression coil in the first mode.1. A non-destructive inspection device comprising:
a magnetic probe including an application coil that applies a magnetic field to a to-be-inspected body erected on a ground, the to-be-inspected body having a base end buried in the ground, and a magnetic sensor that detects a response from the to-be-inspected body to the magnetic field applied by the application coil; a current source that supplies an AC current of a prescribed frequency to the application coil; a detector that detects an output signal from the magnetic sensor; and an analyzer that performs an analysis using the output signal of the detector, wherein a response from the to-be-inspected body is detected with a first mode in which a magnetic field generated by the application coil is applied toward a groundside portion of the to-be-inspected body, and a second mode in which a magnetic field is applied to the to-be-inspected body by an application coil located at a position different from a position of the application coil for the first mode, the frequencies of the magnetic field applied in the first mode and the second mode are two frequencies: a predetermined reference frequency and a frequency different from the reference frequency. 2. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 1, wherein a direction of a center axis of the application coil for the second mode is different from a direction of a center axis of the application coil for the first mode. 3. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 1, wherein a height of the application coil for the second mode from the ground is different from a height of the application coil for the first mode from the ground. 4. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the first mode; and a second magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the second mode. 5. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the first mode; and a second magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the second mode. 6. The non-destructive inspection device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a first magnetic probe that applies a magnetic field of the first mode; and a second magnetic probe, that applies a magnetic field of the second mode. | 1,600 |
342,842 | 16,642,599 | 1,634 | Provided is a method and composition using ROS to increase the production of bacteriophage. According to the subject matter, a production amount of bacteriophage is increased several times in the presence of the sublethal concentration of ROS for host bacteria. Therefore, the method and composition of the subject matter can be useful for producing bacteriophage, which is used as an alternative to antibiotics that cause a serious resistance problem. | 1. A composition for increasing the production of a bacteriophage comprising ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), wherein the ROS is comprised at the sublethal concentration for a host bacterium infected by the bacteriophage. 2. The composition of claim 1,
wherein the host bacterium is Escherichia coli and the bacteriophage that infects E. coli is bacteriophage T4; the host bacterium is Bacillus cereus and the bacteriophage that infects Bacillus cereus is PBBC 03; the host bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteriophage that infects Staphylococcus aureus is phage SA11; the host bacterium is Enterococcus faecalis and the bacteriophage that infects Enterococcus faecalis is phage PBEF 07 or PBEF 09; the host bacterium is Escherichia coli Crooks and the bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli Crooks is phage PBEC 22, PBEC 24, or PBEC 82; or the host bacterium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteriophage that infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa is phage PA22, PA25, or PA26. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 4. A method of increasing the production of bacteriophage comprising incubating a host bacterium and a bacteriophage that specifically infect the host bacterium in the presence of sublethal concentration of ROS for the host bacteria, whereby the production of bacteriophage is increased. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the host bacterium is Escherichia coli and the bacteriophage that infects E. coli is bacteriophage T4;
the host bacterium is Bacillus cereus and the bacteriophage that infects Bacillus cereus is PBBC 03; the host bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteriophage that infects Staphylococcus aureus is phage SA11; the host bacterium is Enterococcus faecalis and the bacteriophage that infects Enterococcus faecalis is phage PBEF 07 or PBEF 09; the host bacterium is Escherichia coli Crooks and the bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli Crooks is phage PBEC 22, PBEC 24, or PBEC 82; or the host bacterium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteriophage that infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa is phage PA22, PA25, or PA26. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the incubation is done in a liquid or a solid medium, wherein the sublethal dose of ROS is 0.2 mM for the incubation in the solid medium, and the sublethal dose of ROS is 4.5 mM for the incubation in the liquid medium. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the ROS is H2O2. 9.-11. (canceled) 12. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 13. The method of claim 5, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the incubation is done in a liquid or a solid medium, wherein the sublethal dose of ROS is 0.2 mM for the incubation in the solid medium, and the sublethal dose of ROS is 4.5 mM for the incubation in the liquid medium. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein the incubation is done in a liquid or a solid medium, wherein the sublethal dose of ROS is 0.2 mM for the incubation in the solid medium, and the sublethal dose of ROS is 4.5 mM for the incubation in the liquid medium. 16. The method of claim 5, wherein the ROS is H2O2. 17. The method of claim 6, wherein the ROS is H2O2. 18. The method of claim 7, wherein the ROS is H2O2. | Provided is a method and composition using ROS to increase the production of bacteriophage. According to the subject matter, a production amount of bacteriophage is increased several times in the presence of the sublethal concentration of ROS for host bacteria. Therefore, the method and composition of the subject matter can be useful for producing bacteriophage, which is used as an alternative to antibiotics that cause a serious resistance problem.1. A composition for increasing the production of a bacteriophage comprising ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), wherein the ROS is comprised at the sublethal concentration for a host bacterium infected by the bacteriophage. 2. The composition of claim 1,
wherein the host bacterium is Escherichia coli and the bacteriophage that infects E. coli is bacteriophage T4; the host bacterium is Bacillus cereus and the bacteriophage that infects Bacillus cereus is PBBC 03; the host bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteriophage that infects Staphylococcus aureus is phage SA11; the host bacterium is Enterococcus faecalis and the bacteriophage that infects Enterococcus faecalis is phage PBEF 07 or PBEF 09; the host bacterium is Escherichia coli Crooks and the bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli Crooks is phage PBEC 22, PBEC 24, or PBEC 82; or the host bacterium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteriophage that infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa is phage PA22, PA25, or PA26. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 4. A method of increasing the production of bacteriophage comprising incubating a host bacterium and a bacteriophage that specifically infect the host bacterium in the presence of sublethal concentration of ROS for the host bacteria, whereby the production of bacteriophage is increased. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the host bacterium is Escherichia coli and the bacteriophage that infects E. coli is bacteriophage T4;
the host bacterium is Bacillus cereus and the bacteriophage that infects Bacillus cereus is PBBC 03; the host bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteriophage that infects Staphylococcus aureus is phage SA11; the host bacterium is Enterococcus faecalis and the bacteriophage that infects Enterococcus faecalis is phage PBEF 07 or PBEF 09; the host bacterium is Escherichia coli Crooks and the bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli Crooks is phage PBEC 22, PBEC 24, or PBEC 82; or the host bacterium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteriophage that infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa is phage PA22, PA25, or PA26. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the incubation is done in a liquid or a solid medium, wherein the sublethal dose of ROS is 0.2 mM for the incubation in the solid medium, and the sublethal dose of ROS is 4.5 mM for the incubation in the liquid medium. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the ROS is H2O2. 9.-11. (canceled) 12. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 13. The method of claim 5, wherein the ROS is H2O2, a superoxide, a hydroxy radical, or a singlet oxygen. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the incubation is done in a liquid or a solid medium, wherein the sublethal dose of ROS is 0.2 mM for the incubation in the solid medium, and the sublethal dose of ROS is 4.5 mM for the incubation in the liquid medium. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein the incubation is done in a liquid or a solid medium, wherein the sublethal dose of ROS is 0.2 mM for the incubation in the solid medium, and the sublethal dose of ROS is 4.5 mM for the incubation in the liquid medium. 16. The method of claim 5, wherein the ROS is H2O2. 17. The method of claim 6, wherein the ROS is H2O2. 18. The method of claim 7, wherein the ROS is H2O2. | 1,600 |
342,843 | 16,642,589 | 1,634 | The present invention provides methods and uses of anti-EGFR antibody compositions for treatment of cancers that are negative for certain mutations in RAS, BRAF, and the EGFR extracellular domain and are resistant to other anti-EGFR therapies. | 1. A method for treating cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146);
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441 D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 2. A method for treating cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R. 4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the tumor DNA sample has been determined to be also negative for gene amplification of MET and ERBB2. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tumor DNA sample has been determined to be also negative for gene amplification of KRAS. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cancer is metastatic colorectal cancer. 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the patient has received prior treatment with an anti-EGFR antibody that is not an antibody in said antibody composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the prior anti-EGFR antibody is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, ICR62, mAb806, matuzumab, and antibodies capable of binding the same epitope as any of these. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the patient has been treated with cetuximab, panitumumab, or both. 13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein said cancer is resistant or partially resistant to prior treatment with an anti-EGFR antibody that is not an antibody in said antibody composition. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the prior anti-EGFR antibody is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, ICR62, mAb806, matuzumab, and antibodies capable of binding the same epitope as any of these. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein said cancer is resistant or partially resistant to prior treatment with cetuximab, panitumumab, or both. 16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the resistance or partial resistance has been determined by assaying a sample of cancer cells isolated from said patient. 17. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the patient has demonstrated intolerance to, or failed on prior treatment with, at least one chemotherapy agent selected from the group consisting of 5-FU, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin), and FOLFIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan). 18. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the tumor DNA sample is a circulating tumor (ct) DNA sample from the patient. 19. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the tumor DNA sample is obtained from a tumor tissue sample or circulating tumor cells from the patient. 20. The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition has at least one of the following properties:
a) enhances internalization and degradation of EGFR; b) induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); c) induces differentiation of tumor cells in vivo; and d) increases involucrin expression in vivo. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition has all of said properties. 22. The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 3 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 4. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. 25. The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the first and second anti-human EGFR antibodies of the composition are of isotype IgG1 or IgG2. 26. The method of any one of claims 1-25, wherein the ratio of the first anti-human EGFR antibody relative to the second anti-human EGFR antibody is 1.1. 27. The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the antibody composition is administered to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 28. The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the antibody composition is administered to the patient at a weekly dose of 12 mg/kg. 29. The method of any one of claims 1-28, wherein the patient is human. 30. A method for treating cancer in a human patient, comprising administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising:
a first anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and a second anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25; wherein the antibody composition is administered intravenously to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed one week later by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 31. A method for treating cancer in a human patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146),
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R; and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising:
a first anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and
a second anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25;
wherein the antibody composition is administered intravenously to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed one week later by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 32. A method for treating cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146), and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for of BRAF mutation V600E; and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising:
a first anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and
a second anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25;
wherein the antibody composition is administered intravenously to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed one week later by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R. 34. The method of any one of claims 31-33, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E. 35. The method of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the patient has metastatic colorectal cancer. 36. Use of an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a patient, wherein a tumor DNA sample from the patient:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R. 37. Use of an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a patient, wherein a tumor DNA sample from the patient:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E. 38. The use of claim 36 or 37, wherein the medicament is for treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 39. An antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for use in treating cancer in a patient in a method comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146);
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441 D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 40. An antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for use in treating cancer in a patient in a method comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 41. The antibody composition of claim 39 or 40, for use in treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 42. An article of manufacture suitable for treating cancer in a patient, comprising an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), wherein said treatment comprises:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146);
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441 D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, and
b) administering to the patient the antibody composition. 43. An article of manufacture suitable for treating cancer in a patient, comprising an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), wherein said treatment comprises:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
b) administering to the patient the antibody composition. 44. The article of manufacture of claim 42 or 43, wherein the article is suitable for treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 45. A kit suitable for treating cancer in a patient from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, wherein the kit comprises an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 46. A kit suitable for treating cancer in a patient from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; wherein the kit comprises an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 47. The kit of claim 45 or 46, wherein the kit is suitable for treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 48. The use of claim 36 or 38, the antibody composition of claim 39 or 41, the article of manufacture of claim 42 or 44, or the kit of claim 45 or 47, wherein the tumor DNA sample:
a) has no detectable levels of EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R;
b) has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E; or
c) both a) and b). 49. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E. 50. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 3 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 4. 51. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 52. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. | The present invention provides methods and uses of anti-EGFR antibody compositions for treatment of cancers that are negative for certain mutations in RAS, BRAF, and the EGFR extracellular domain and are resistant to other anti-EGFR therapies.1. A method for treating cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146);
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441 D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 2. A method for treating cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R. 4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the tumor DNA sample has been determined to be also negative for gene amplification of MET and ERBB2. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tumor DNA sample has been determined to be also negative for gene amplification of KRAS. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cancer is metastatic colorectal cancer. 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the patient has received prior treatment with an anti-EGFR antibody that is not an antibody in said antibody composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the prior anti-EGFR antibody is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, ICR62, mAb806, matuzumab, and antibodies capable of binding the same epitope as any of these. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the patient has been treated with cetuximab, panitumumab, or both. 13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein said cancer is resistant or partially resistant to prior treatment with an anti-EGFR antibody that is not an antibody in said antibody composition. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the prior anti-EGFR antibody is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, ICR62, mAb806, matuzumab, and antibodies capable of binding the same epitope as any of these. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein said cancer is resistant or partially resistant to prior treatment with cetuximab, panitumumab, or both. 16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the resistance or partial resistance has been determined by assaying a sample of cancer cells isolated from said patient. 17. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the patient has demonstrated intolerance to, or failed on prior treatment with, at least one chemotherapy agent selected from the group consisting of 5-FU, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin), and FOLFIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan). 18. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the tumor DNA sample is a circulating tumor (ct) DNA sample from the patient. 19. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the tumor DNA sample is obtained from a tumor tissue sample or circulating tumor cells from the patient. 20. The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition has at least one of the following properties:
a) enhances internalization and degradation of EGFR; b) induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); c) induces differentiation of tumor cells in vivo; and d) increases involucrin expression in vivo. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition has all of said properties. 22. The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 3 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 4. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. 25. The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the first and second anti-human EGFR antibodies of the composition are of isotype IgG1 or IgG2. 26. The method of any one of claims 1-25, wherein the ratio of the first anti-human EGFR antibody relative to the second anti-human EGFR antibody is 1.1. 27. The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the antibody composition is administered to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 28. The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the antibody composition is administered to the patient at a weekly dose of 12 mg/kg. 29. The method of any one of claims 1-28, wherein the patient is human. 30. A method for treating cancer in a human patient, comprising administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising:
a first anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and a second anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25; wherein the antibody composition is administered intravenously to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed one week later by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 31. A method for treating cancer in a human patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146),
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R; and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising:
a first anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and
a second anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25;
wherein the antibody composition is administered intravenously to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed one week later by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 32. A method for treating cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146), and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for of BRAF mutation V600E; and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising:
a first anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and
a second anti-human EGFR antibody that comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25;
wherein the antibody composition is administered intravenously to the patient at a loading dose of 9 mg/kg, followed one week later by a weekly dose of 6 mg/kg. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R. 34. The method of any one of claims 31-33, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E. 35. The method of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the patient has metastatic colorectal cancer. 36. Use of an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a patient, wherein a tumor DNA sample from the patient:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R. 37. Use of an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a patient, wherein a tumor DNA sample from the patient:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E. 38. The use of claim 36 or 37, wherein the medicament is for treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 39. An antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for use in treating cancer in a patient in a method comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146);
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441 D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 40. An antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) for use in treating cancer in a patient in a method comprising:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
b) administering to the patient an anti-EGFR antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 41. The antibody composition of claim 39 or 40, for use in treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 42. An article of manufacture suitable for treating cancer in a patient, comprising an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), wherein said treatment comprises:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146);
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and
iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441 D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, and
b) administering to the patient the antibody composition. 43. An article of manufacture suitable for treating cancer in a patient, comprising an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), wherein said treatment comprises:
a) selecting a patient with said cancer from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and
ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E, and
b) administering to the patient the antibody composition. 44. The article of manufacture of claim 42 or 43, wherein the article is suitable for treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 45. A kit suitable for treating cancer in a patient from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; and iii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R, wherein the kit comprises an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 46. A kit suitable for treating cancer in a patient from whom a tumor DNA sample:
i) has a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of less than 20% for (1) mutations in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and (2) mutations in NRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), exon 3 (codons 59 and 61), and exon 4 (codons 117 and 146); and ii) has a MAF of less than 0.1% for BRAF mutation V600E; wherein the kit comprises an antibody composition comprising two anti-human EGFR antibodies that bind to distinct epitopes in the EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). 47. The kit of claim 45 or 46, wherein the kit is suitable for treating cancer in a patient in the method of any one of claims 1-35. 48. The use of claim 36 or 38, the antibody composition of claim 39 or 41, the article of manufacture of claim 42 or 44, or the kit of claim 45 or 47, wherein the tumor DNA sample:
a) has no detectable levels of EGFR ECD mutations V441D, V441G, S464L, G465E, G465R, and S492R;
b) has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E; or
c) both a) and b). 49. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the tumor DNA sample has no detectable levels of BRAF mutation V600E. 50. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 3 and the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in SEQ ID NO: 4. 51. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 52. The use of any one of claims 36-38, the antibody composition of any one of claims 39-41, the article of manufacture of any one of claims 42-44, or the kit of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the anti-EGFR antibody composition comprises a first anti-human EGFR antibody and a second anti-human EGFR antibody, wherein:
the first anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and the second anti-human EGFR antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. | 1,600 |
342,844 | 16,642,580 | 1,634 | A display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The display panel includes: a base substrate; a first sub-pixel disposed on the base substrate and including a first light-emitting device configured to emit visible light for display operation; a second a light-emitting device overlapped with the first light-emitting device in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate and configured to emit infrared light; and a first photosensitive device disposed on the base substrate and configured to sense light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
a base substrate; a first sub-pixel disposed on the base substrate and comprising a first light-emitting device configured to emit visible light for display operation; a second a light-emitting device overlapped with the first light-emitting device in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate and configured to emit infrared light; and a first photosensitive device disposed on the base substrate and configured to sense light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first light-emitting device comprises a first emission layer, a first electrode and a second electrode; the second light-emitting device comprises a second light emitting layer; and
the first electrode, the first light emitting layer, the second light emitting layer and the second electrode are sequentially stacked in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein
the first light-emitting device emits red light. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-pixel further comprises a first transistor electrically connected with the first light-emitting device; and
the display panel further comprises a first light-absorbing layer which is disposed on one side of the first transistor away from the base substrate and configured to absorb the infrared light to reduce irradiation of the infrared light to the first transistor. 5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein the first light-absorbing layer is disposed between the first transistor and the first light-emitting device and comprises a first through hole; and
the first transistor is electrically connected with the first light-emitting device via the first through hole. 6. The display panel according to claim 5, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the first transistor and the first light-absorbing layer, wherein the first insulation layer comprises a second through hole which is communicated with the first through hole to allow the first transistor to be electrically connected with the first light-emitting device 7. The display panel according to claim 6, further comprising a second transistor connected with the first photosensitive device,
wherein the first insulation layer further comprises a third through hole through which the second transistor is electrically connected with the first photosensitive device. 8. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first photosensitive device is disposed on one side of the first light-emitting device close to the base substrate. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the first light-absorbing layer comprises a first opening; and
the first photosensitive device is at least partially overlapped with the first opening in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate to receive, through the first opening, the light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, further comprising a light shield layer disposed on one side of the first photosensitive device away from the base substrate,
wherein the light shield layer is provided with a second opening at a position corresponding to the first photosensitive device to allow the first photosensitive device to receive, through the second opening, the light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 11. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first photosensitive device is disposed on one side of the first light-emitting device away from the base substrate. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, further comprising a second light-absorbing layer and a second transistor connected with the first photosensitive device,
wherein the second light-absorbing layer is disposed between the second light-emitting device and the first photosensitive device and configured to absorb the infrared light to reduce irradiation of the infrared light to the first photosensitive device. 13. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a second sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel,
wherein the first photosensitive device is disposed between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, further comprising a second photosensitive device and a third sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel,
wherein the second photosensitive device is disposed between the first sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel and configured to sense the light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 15. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength range of the infrared light is 760 nm-9 μm. 16-20. (canceled) 21. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the second light-emitting device share a drive circuit with the first light-emitting device. 22. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the first light-absorbing layer comprises a first opening; and
the first photosensitive device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light detection layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first opening exposes the first electrode of the first photosensitive device, and the light detection layer and the second electrode are sequentially provided on the first electrode 141 and above the first light-absorbing layer. 23. The display panel according to claim 14, further comprising a fourth sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel and a storage capacitor,
wherein the storage capacitor is disposed between the first sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel and configured to store electrical signals generated by the first photosensitive device. 24. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first photosensitive device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light detection layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
the display panel further comprises a first lead which is in a same layer with and insulated from the first electrode and configured to be electrically connected with the second electrode. 25. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising a pixel defining layer which is disposed on the first electrode of the first light-emitting device and configured to partition light emitting layers of different sub-pixels and configured to partition the light emitting layers of different sub-pixels,
the pixel defining layer is provided with a third opening at a position corresponding to the first electrode, and the third opening at least exposes a part of the first electrode, and at least one select from the group consisting of the first light emitting layer of the first light-emitting device and the second light emitting layer of the second light-emitting device is at least formed in the third opening. | A display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The display panel includes: a base substrate; a first sub-pixel disposed on the base substrate and including a first light-emitting device configured to emit visible light for display operation; a second a light-emitting device overlapped with the first light-emitting device in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate and configured to emit infrared light; and a first photosensitive device disposed on the base substrate and configured to sense light obtained after the infrared light is reflected.1. A display panel, comprising:
a base substrate; a first sub-pixel disposed on the base substrate and comprising a first light-emitting device configured to emit visible light for display operation; a second a light-emitting device overlapped with the first light-emitting device in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate and configured to emit infrared light; and a first photosensitive device disposed on the base substrate and configured to sense light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first light-emitting device comprises a first emission layer, a first electrode and a second electrode; the second light-emitting device comprises a second light emitting layer; and
the first electrode, the first light emitting layer, the second light emitting layer and the second electrode are sequentially stacked in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein
the first light-emitting device emits red light. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-pixel further comprises a first transistor electrically connected with the first light-emitting device; and
the display panel further comprises a first light-absorbing layer which is disposed on one side of the first transistor away from the base substrate and configured to absorb the infrared light to reduce irradiation of the infrared light to the first transistor. 5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein the first light-absorbing layer is disposed between the first transistor and the first light-emitting device and comprises a first through hole; and
the first transistor is electrically connected with the first light-emitting device via the first through hole. 6. The display panel according to claim 5, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the first transistor and the first light-absorbing layer, wherein the first insulation layer comprises a second through hole which is communicated with the first through hole to allow the first transistor to be electrically connected with the first light-emitting device 7. The display panel according to claim 6, further comprising a second transistor connected with the first photosensitive device,
wherein the first insulation layer further comprises a third through hole through which the second transistor is electrically connected with the first photosensitive device. 8. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first photosensitive device is disposed on one side of the first light-emitting device close to the base substrate. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the first light-absorbing layer comprises a first opening; and
the first photosensitive device is at least partially overlapped with the first opening in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate to receive, through the first opening, the light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, further comprising a light shield layer disposed on one side of the first photosensitive device away from the base substrate,
wherein the light shield layer is provided with a second opening at a position corresponding to the first photosensitive device to allow the first photosensitive device to receive, through the second opening, the light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 11. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first photosensitive device is disposed on one side of the first light-emitting device away from the base substrate. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, further comprising a second light-absorbing layer and a second transistor connected with the first photosensitive device,
wherein the second light-absorbing layer is disposed between the second light-emitting device and the first photosensitive device and configured to absorb the infrared light to reduce irradiation of the infrared light to the first photosensitive device. 13. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a second sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel,
wherein the first photosensitive device is disposed between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, further comprising a second photosensitive device and a third sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel,
wherein the second photosensitive device is disposed between the first sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel and configured to sense the light obtained after the infrared light is reflected. 15. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength range of the infrared light is 760 nm-9 μm. 16-20. (canceled) 21. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the second light-emitting device share a drive circuit with the first light-emitting device. 22. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the first light-absorbing layer comprises a first opening; and
the first photosensitive device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light detection layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first opening exposes the first electrode of the first photosensitive device, and the light detection layer and the second electrode are sequentially provided on the first electrode 141 and above the first light-absorbing layer. 23. The display panel according to claim 14, further comprising a fourth sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel and a storage capacitor,
wherein the storage capacitor is disposed between the first sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel and configured to store electrical signals generated by the first photosensitive device. 24. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first photosensitive device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light detection layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
the display panel further comprises a first lead which is in a same layer with and insulated from the first electrode and configured to be electrically connected with the second electrode. 25. The display panel according to claim 2, further comprising a pixel defining layer which is disposed on the first electrode of the first light-emitting device and configured to partition light emitting layers of different sub-pixels and configured to partition the light emitting layers of different sub-pixels,
the pixel defining layer is provided with a third opening at a position corresponding to the first electrode, and the third opening at least exposes a part of the first electrode, and at least one select from the group consisting of the first light emitting layer of the first light-emitting device and the second light emitting layer of the second light-emitting device is at least formed in the third opening. | 1,600 |
342,845 | 16,642,586 | 1,634 | Provided is an air-conditioning system including: an air pollution level detector configured to detect each of a pollution level of outside air, which is air outside a vehicle, and a pollution level of inside air, which is air inside the vehicle; and an air-conditioning control device configured to control air conditioning by switching an air-conditioning mode of the vehicle between an inside-air circulation mode and an outside-air introduction mode. The air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode based on the pollution level of the outside air acquired from the air pollution level detector, and switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode based on the pollution level of the inside air acquired from the air pollution level detector. | 1. An air-conditioning system, which is to be mounted to a vehicle, the air-conditioning system comprising:
an air pollution level detector configured to detect each of a pollution level of outside air, which is air outside the vehicle, and a pollution level of inside air, which is air inside the vehicle; and an air-conditioning control device configured to control air conditioning by switching an air-conditioning mode of the vehicle between an inside-air circulation mode, in which the inside air is circulated, and an outside-air introduction mode, in which the outside air is introduced into an inside of the vehicle and the inside air is discharged to the outside of the vehicle, wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to: compare, when the air-conditioning mode is the outside-air introduction mode, the pollution level of the outside air acquired from the air pollution level detector with an outside-air pollution level threshold value for determining whether to switch the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode, and when the pollution level of the outside air exceeds the outside-air pollution level threshold value, switch the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode; and compare, when the air-conditioning mode is the inside-air circulation mode, the pollution level of the inside air acquired from the air pollution level detector with an inside-air pollution level threshold value for determining whether to switch the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode, and when the pollution level of the inside air exceeds the inside-air pollution level threshold value, switch the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 2. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the outside air introduced into the inside of the vehicle and the inside air discharged to the outside of the vehicle, when the air-conditioning mode is the outside-air introduction mode. 3. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a fog information detector configured to detect fog information for determining whether a windshield of the vehicle is fogged,
wherein, when the air-conditioning mode is the inside-air circulation mode, the air-conditioning control device determines whether the windshield is fogged based on the fog information acquired from the fog information detector, and when determining that the windshield is fogged, switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 4. The air-conditioning system according to claim 3,
wherein the fog information detector includes: an outdoor-side thermometer configured to detect a temperature of the outside of the vehicle; and an indoor-side thermo-hygrometer configured to detect a temperature and humidity of the inside of the vehicle, and wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to determine whether the windshield is fogged based on the temperature of the outside of the vehicle and the temperature and humidity of the inside of the vehicle, which are acquired from the outdoor-side thermometer and the indoor-side thermo-hygrometer as the fog information. 5. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes an outdoor-side odor sensor configured to detect an odor concentration in the outside air, and wherein, when the odor concentration acquired from the outdoor-side odor sensor as the pollution level of the outside air exceeds an outdoor-side odor threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode. 6. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes a dust sensor configured to detect a dust concentration in the outside air, and wherein, when the dust concentration acquired from the dust sensor as the pollution level of the outside air exceeds a dust threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode. 7. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the air pollution level detector includes:
a NOx sensor configured to detect a NOx concentration in the outside air; and a SOx sensor configured to detect a SOx concentration in the outside air, and wherein, when the NOx concentration which is acquired from the NOx sensor as the pollution level of the outside air, exceeds a NOx threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value and the SOx concentration which is acquired from the SOx sensor as the pollution level of the outside air, exceeds a SOx threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode. 8. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes an indoor-side odor sensor configured to detect an odor concentration in the inside air, and wherein, when the odor concentration acquired from the indoor-side odor sensor as the pollution level of the inside air exceeds an indoor-side odor threshold value as the inside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 9. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes a VOC (volatile organic compounds) sensor configured to detect a VOC concentration in the inside air, and wherein, when the VOC concentration acquired from the VOC sensor as the pollution level of the inside air exceeds a VOC threshold value as the inside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 10. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes a CO2 sensor configured to detect a CO2 concentration in the inside air, and wherein, when the CO2 concentration acquired from the CO2 sensor as the pollution level of the inside air exceeds a CO2 threshold value as the inside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 11. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to acquire a driving mode of the vehicle from a vehicle control device configured to control driving of the vehicle by switching the driving mode between an automatic driving mode, in which autonomous driving of the vehicle is performed in place of a driver of the vehicle, and a manual driving mode, in which the driver drives the vehicle, and change the inside-air pollution level threshold value based on the acquired driving mode. 12. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising an air cleaner configured to clean the inside air to be circulated, when the air-conditioning mode is the inside-air circulation mode,
wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to switch the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode, and then start the air cleaner. | Provided is an air-conditioning system including: an air pollution level detector configured to detect each of a pollution level of outside air, which is air outside a vehicle, and a pollution level of inside air, which is air inside the vehicle; and an air-conditioning control device configured to control air conditioning by switching an air-conditioning mode of the vehicle between an inside-air circulation mode and an outside-air introduction mode. The air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode based on the pollution level of the outside air acquired from the air pollution level detector, and switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode based on the pollution level of the inside air acquired from the air pollution level detector.1. An air-conditioning system, which is to be mounted to a vehicle, the air-conditioning system comprising:
an air pollution level detector configured to detect each of a pollution level of outside air, which is air outside the vehicle, and a pollution level of inside air, which is air inside the vehicle; and an air-conditioning control device configured to control air conditioning by switching an air-conditioning mode of the vehicle between an inside-air circulation mode, in which the inside air is circulated, and an outside-air introduction mode, in which the outside air is introduced into an inside of the vehicle and the inside air is discharged to the outside of the vehicle, wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to: compare, when the air-conditioning mode is the outside-air introduction mode, the pollution level of the outside air acquired from the air pollution level detector with an outside-air pollution level threshold value for determining whether to switch the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode, and when the pollution level of the outside air exceeds the outside-air pollution level threshold value, switch the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode; and compare, when the air-conditioning mode is the inside-air circulation mode, the pollution level of the inside air acquired from the air pollution level detector with an inside-air pollution level threshold value for determining whether to switch the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode, and when the pollution level of the inside air exceeds the inside-air pollution level threshold value, switch the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 2. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the outside air introduced into the inside of the vehicle and the inside air discharged to the outside of the vehicle, when the air-conditioning mode is the outside-air introduction mode. 3. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a fog information detector configured to detect fog information for determining whether a windshield of the vehicle is fogged,
wherein, when the air-conditioning mode is the inside-air circulation mode, the air-conditioning control device determines whether the windshield is fogged based on the fog information acquired from the fog information detector, and when determining that the windshield is fogged, switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 4. The air-conditioning system according to claim 3,
wherein the fog information detector includes: an outdoor-side thermometer configured to detect a temperature of the outside of the vehicle; and an indoor-side thermo-hygrometer configured to detect a temperature and humidity of the inside of the vehicle, and wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to determine whether the windshield is fogged based on the temperature of the outside of the vehicle and the temperature and humidity of the inside of the vehicle, which are acquired from the outdoor-side thermometer and the indoor-side thermo-hygrometer as the fog information. 5. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes an outdoor-side odor sensor configured to detect an odor concentration in the outside air, and wherein, when the odor concentration acquired from the outdoor-side odor sensor as the pollution level of the outside air exceeds an outdoor-side odor threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode. 6. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes a dust sensor configured to detect a dust concentration in the outside air, and wherein, when the dust concentration acquired from the dust sensor as the pollution level of the outside air exceeds a dust threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode. 7. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the air pollution level detector includes:
a NOx sensor configured to detect a NOx concentration in the outside air; and a SOx sensor configured to detect a SOx concentration in the outside air, and wherein, when the NOx concentration which is acquired from the NOx sensor as the pollution level of the outside air, exceeds a NOx threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value and the SOx concentration which is acquired from the SOx sensor as the pollution level of the outside air, exceeds a SOx threshold value as the outside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode. 8. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes an indoor-side odor sensor configured to detect an odor concentration in the inside air, and wherein, when the odor concentration acquired from the indoor-side odor sensor as the pollution level of the inside air exceeds an indoor-side odor threshold value as the inside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 9. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes a VOC (volatile organic compounds) sensor configured to detect a VOC concentration in the inside air, and wherein, when the VOC concentration acquired from the VOC sensor as the pollution level of the inside air exceeds a VOC threshold value as the inside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 10. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1,
wherein the air pollution level detector includes a CO2 sensor configured to detect a CO2 concentration in the inside air, and wherein, when the CO2 concentration acquired from the CO2 sensor as the pollution level of the inside air exceeds a CO2 threshold value as the inside-air pollution level threshold value, the air-conditioning control device switches the air-conditioning mode from the inside-air circulation mode to the outside-air introduction mode. 11. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to acquire a driving mode of the vehicle from a vehicle control device configured to control driving of the vehicle by switching the driving mode between an automatic driving mode, in which autonomous driving of the vehicle is performed in place of a driver of the vehicle, and a manual driving mode, in which the driver drives the vehicle, and change the inside-air pollution level threshold value based on the acquired driving mode. 12. The air-conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising an air cleaner configured to clean the inside air to be circulated, when the air-conditioning mode is the inside-air circulation mode,
wherein the air-conditioning control device is configured to switch the air-conditioning mode from the outside-air introduction mode to the inside-air circulation mode, and then start the air cleaner. | 1,600 |
342,846 | 16,642,603 | 1,634 | Systems and devices are provided for generating focused ultrasound pulses based on a transducer assembly having a piezoelectric layer coupled to an acoustic lens. In some example embodiments, the piezoelectric layer is a composite piezoelectric material having an acoustic impedance configured to match the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. The acoustic lens may be formed from aluminum, or an alloy thereof, and may have a distal surface having a non-spherical profile for producing a focal region that is smaller than an equivalent spherical lens. The acoustic lens may have an f-number less than unity. In some embodiments, the acoustic lens is coated with a polymer acoustic impedance matching layer that is compatible with deposition via chemical vapor deposition, such as a p-xylylene based polymer. In some embodiments, the acoustic lens is formed from aluminum or an alloy thereof, and the polymer acoustic impedance matching layer is a Parylene layer. | 1. An ultrasound transducer assembly for generating focused ultrasound, the ultrasound transducer assembly comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; an acoustic lens having a proximal surface and a curved distal surface, wherein the proximal surface is attached to the piezoelectric layer; and an acoustic impedance matching layer coating the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens; wherein an acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer approximately matches an acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. 2. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic lens comprises aluminum. 3. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 2 wherein the acoustic lens is formed from an aluminum alloy. 4. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 2 wherein the acoustic lens comprises at least 85% aluminum by weight. 5. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens is non-spherical. 6. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 5 wherein the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens is elliptical. 7. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein an f-number of the acoustic lens is less than unity. 8. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein an f-number of the acoustic lens is less than two. 9. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is formed from a polymer compatible with chemical vapor deposition. 10. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises an p-xylylene based polymer. 11. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 10 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises Parylene C. 12. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises polyimide. 13. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises a fluoropolymer. 14. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 further comprising an integrated ultrasound imaging transducer. 15. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 14 wherein the integrated ultrasound imaging transducer is coaxially supported relative to an axis of the acoustic lens within an aperture defined within the acoustic lens. 16. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 14 wherein a distal end of the integrated ultrasound imaging transducer is recessed within an aperture defined within the acoustic lens. 17. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein an intermediate layer is provided between the acoustic lens and the piezoelectric layer, wherein an acoustic impedance of the intermediate layer is less than the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens and the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer. 18. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer is an adhesive layer bonding the acoustic lens to the piezoelectric layer. 19. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 18 wherein the adhesive layer is an epoxy layer. 20. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein an acoustic power spectrum thereof comprises a peak having an associated frequency that is dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 21. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 20 wherein an intensity of the peak is also dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 22. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 20 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is a quarter wave matching layer corresponding to the frequency associated with the peak in the acoustic power spectrum. 23. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness between 15 and 50 microns. 24. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness between 50 and 200 microns. 25. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness of at least 20 microns. 26. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness of at least 50 microns. 27. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in peak emitted acoustic power in an acoustic power spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by a factor of at least two relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 28. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in emitted acoustic power in an acoustic power spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by at least three relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 29. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in peak efficiency in an acoustic efficiency spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by at least 20% relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 30. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in peak efficiency in an acoustic efficiency spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by at least 40% relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 31. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer is within ±40% of the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. 32. An ultrasound transducer assembly for generating focused ultrasound, the ultrasound transducer assembly comprising:
a composite piezoelectric layer; an acoustic lens having a proximal surface and a curved distal surface, wherein the proximal surface is attached to the composite piezoelectric layer, wherein the acoustic lens comprises 85% aluminum by weight; and a polymer acoustic impedance matching layer coating the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens, wherein the polymer acoustic impedance matching layer is formed from a p-xylylene based polymer; wherein an acoustic impedance of the composite piezoelectric layer matches an acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens within +−40%; and wherein the curved distal surface has an elliptical shape; and wherein the acoustic lens has an f-number of less than two. 33. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 32 wherein the f-number is less than unity. 34. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 32 wherein the acoustic impedance of the composite piezoelectric layer is within ±40% of the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. 35. An ultrasound system for generating focused ultrasound, the ultrasound system comprising:
an ultrasound transducer assembly comprising:
a piezoelectric layer;
an acoustic lens having a proximal surface and a curved distal surface, wherein the proximal surface is attached to the piezoelectric layer; and
an acoustic impedance matching layer coating the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens;
driver circuitry operably connected with the ultrasound transducer assembly, wherein the driver circuitry is configured to deliver electrical pulses with a voltage and operating frequency sufficient for generating ultrasound pulses for performing histotripsy; wherein an acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer approximately matches an acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens; and wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is a quarter wave matching layer. 36. The ultrasound system according to claim 35 wherein the piezoelectric layer comprises a composite piezoelectric material. 37. The ultrasound system according to claim 35 wherein an intermediate layer is provided between the acoustic lens and the piezoelectric layer, wherein an acoustic impedance of the intermediate layer is less than the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens and the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer. 38. The ultrasound system according to claim 37 wherein the intermediate layer is an adhesive layer bonding the acoustic lens to the piezoelectric layer. 39. The ultrasound system according to claim 38 wherein the adhesive layer is an epoxy layer. 40. The ultrasound system according to claim 37 wherein an acoustic power spectrum thereof comprises a peak having an associated frequency that is dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 41. The ultrasound system according to claim 40 wherein the operating frequency corresponds to the frequency associated with the peak in the acoustic power spectrum. 42. The ultrasound system according to claim 40 wherein an intensity of the peak is also dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 43. The ultrasound system according to claim 40 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is a quarter wave matching layer corresponding to the frequency associated with the peak in the acoustic power spectrum. | Systems and devices are provided for generating focused ultrasound pulses based on a transducer assembly having a piezoelectric layer coupled to an acoustic lens. In some example embodiments, the piezoelectric layer is a composite piezoelectric material having an acoustic impedance configured to match the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. The acoustic lens may be formed from aluminum, or an alloy thereof, and may have a distal surface having a non-spherical profile for producing a focal region that is smaller than an equivalent spherical lens. The acoustic lens may have an f-number less than unity. In some embodiments, the acoustic lens is coated with a polymer acoustic impedance matching layer that is compatible with deposition via chemical vapor deposition, such as a p-xylylene based polymer. In some embodiments, the acoustic lens is formed from aluminum or an alloy thereof, and the polymer acoustic impedance matching layer is a Parylene layer.1. An ultrasound transducer assembly for generating focused ultrasound, the ultrasound transducer assembly comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; an acoustic lens having a proximal surface and a curved distal surface, wherein the proximal surface is attached to the piezoelectric layer; and an acoustic impedance matching layer coating the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens; wherein an acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer approximately matches an acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. 2. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic lens comprises aluminum. 3. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 2 wherein the acoustic lens is formed from an aluminum alloy. 4. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 2 wherein the acoustic lens comprises at least 85% aluminum by weight. 5. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens is non-spherical. 6. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 5 wherein the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens is elliptical. 7. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein an f-number of the acoustic lens is less than unity. 8. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein an f-number of the acoustic lens is less than two. 9. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is formed from a polymer compatible with chemical vapor deposition. 10. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises an p-xylylene based polymer. 11. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 10 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises Parylene C. 12. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises polyimide. 13. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer comprises a fluoropolymer. 14. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 further comprising an integrated ultrasound imaging transducer. 15. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 14 wherein the integrated ultrasound imaging transducer is coaxially supported relative to an axis of the acoustic lens within an aperture defined within the acoustic lens. 16. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 14 wherein a distal end of the integrated ultrasound imaging transducer is recessed within an aperture defined within the acoustic lens. 17. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein an intermediate layer is provided between the acoustic lens and the piezoelectric layer, wherein an acoustic impedance of the intermediate layer is less than the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens and the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer. 18. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer is an adhesive layer bonding the acoustic lens to the piezoelectric layer. 19. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 18 wherein the adhesive layer is an epoxy layer. 20. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein an acoustic power spectrum thereof comprises a peak having an associated frequency that is dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 21. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 20 wherein an intensity of the peak is also dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 22. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 20 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is a quarter wave matching layer corresponding to the frequency associated with the peak in the acoustic power spectrum. 23. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness between 15 and 50 microns. 24. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness between 50 and 200 microns. 25. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness of at least 20 microns. 26. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness of at least 50 microns. 27. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in peak emitted acoustic power in an acoustic power spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by a factor of at least two relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 28. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in emitted acoustic power in an acoustic power spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by at least three relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 29. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in peak efficiency in an acoustic efficiency spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by at least 20% relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 30. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 17 wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to effect an increase in peak efficiency in an acoustic efficiency spectrum of the ultrasound transducer assembly by at least 40% relative to an equivalent ultrasound transducer assembly absent of the intermediate layer. 31. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 1 wherein the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer is within ±40% of the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. 32. An ultrasound transducer assembly for generating focused ultrasound, the ultrasound transducer assembly comprising:
a composite piezoelectric layer; an acoustic lens having a proximal surface and a curved distal surface, wherein the proximal surface is attached to the composite piezoelectric layer, wherein the acoustic lens comprises 85% aluminum by weight; and a polymer acoustic impedance matching layer coating the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens, wherein the polymer acoustic impedance matching layer is formed from a p-xylylene based polymer; wherein an acoustic impedance of the composite piezoelectric layer matches an acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens within +−40%; and wherein the curved distal surface has an elliptical shape; and wherein the acoustic lens has an f-number of less than two. 33. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 32 wherein the f-number is less than unity. 34. The ultrasound transducer assembly according to claim 32 wherein the acoustic impedance of the composite piezoelectric layer is within ±40% of the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens. 35. An ultrasound system for generating focused ultrasound, the ultrasound system comprising:
an ultrasound transducer assembly comprising:
a piezoelectric layer;
an acoustic lens having a proximal surface and a curved distal surface, wherein the proximal surface is attached to the piezoelectric layer; and
an acoustic impedance matching layer coating the curved distal surface of the acoustic lens;
driver circuitry operably connected with the ultrasound transducer assembly, wherein the driver circuitry is configured to deliver electrical pulses with a voltage and operating frequency sufficient for generating ultrasound pulses for performing histotripsy; wherein an acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer approximately matches an acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens; and wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is a quarter wave matching layer. 36. The ultrasound system according to claim 35 wherein the piezoelectric layer comprises a composite piezoelectric material. 37. The ultrasound system according to claim 35 wherein an intermediate layer is provided between the acoustic lens and the piezoelectric layer, wherein an acoustic impedance of the intermediate layer is less than the acoustic impedance of the acoustic lens and the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric layer. 38. The ultrasound system according to claim 37 wherein the intermediate layer is an adhesive layer bonding the acoustic lens to the piezoelectric layer. 39. The ultrasound system according to claim 38 wherein the adhesive layer is an epoxy layer. 40. The ultrasound system according to claim 37 wherein an acoustic power spectrum thereof comprises a peak having an associated frequency that is dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 41. The ultrasound system according to claim 40 wherein the operating frequency corresponds to the frequency associated with the peak in the acoustic power spectrum. 42. The ultrasound system according to claim 40 wherein an intensity of the peak is also dependent on the thickness of the intermediate layer. 43. The ultrasound system according to claim 40 wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer is a quarter wave matching layer corresponding to the frequency associated with the peak in the acoustic power spectrum. | 1,600 |
342,847 | 16,642,572 | 1,658 | The embodiments disclosed herein provide a peptoid, which is a compound of Formula I or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. N—R4, N—R3, N—R2, and N—R1 in Formula I are | 1. A peptoid, which is a compound of Formula I, or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 2. The peptoid according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, propionate, fumarate, glycolate, pyruvate, malate, malonate, benzoate, cinnamate, mandelate, salicylate, maleate, citrate, succinate, tartrate, mesylate, ethanesulfonate, or p-toluenesulfonate. 3. The peptoid according to claim 1, which is the compound of Formula I. 4. Use of the peptoid according to claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for a targeted treatment of a disease associated with EGFR protein. 5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is breast cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, or glioma. 6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is non-small cell lung cancer. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
the peptoid according to claim 1; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant is any one or more of excipients, diluents, carriers, flavoring agents, binders, and fillers. 9. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7 for imaging detection or prognostic monitoring of a disease associated with EGFR protein. 10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is breast cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, or glioma. 11. The use according to claim 10, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is non-small cell lung cancer. 12. A chip comprising the peptoid according to claim 1. 13. The chip according to claim 12, wherein the peptoid is coupled to a surface of the chip. 14. The chip according to claim 12, wherein the chip is a microfluidic chip. 15. A kit for identifying circulating tumor cells, comprising: a box body, and the chip according to claim 14 disposed in the box body. 16. A method for preparing the peptoid according to claim 1, comprising:
(1) carrying out an amidation reaction between a compound of Formula II and an amino group at a terminal end of a solid phase support resin to form an amide bond; 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the α-methylbenzylamine used is R(+)-α-methylbenzylamine. 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
the peptoid according to claim 2; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
the peptoid according to claim 3; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. | The embodiments disclosed herein provide a peptoid, which is a compound of Formula I or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. N—R4, N—R3, N—R2, and N—R1 in Formula I are1. A peptoid, which is a compound of Formula I, or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 2. The peptoid according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, propionate, fumarate, glycolate, pyruvate, malate, malonate, benzoate, cinnamate, mandelate, salicylate, maleate, citrate, succinate, tartrate, mesylate, ethanesulfonate, or p-toluenesulfonate. 3. The peptoid according to claim 1, which is the compound of Formula I. 4. Use of the peptoid according to claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for a targeted treatment of a disease associated with EGFR protein. 5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is breast cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, or glioma. 6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is non-small cell lung cancer. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
the peptoid according to claim 1; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant is any one or more of excipients, diluents, carriers, flavoring agents, binders, and fillers. 9. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7 for imaging detection or prognostic monitoring of a disease associated with EGFR protein. 10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is breast cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, or glioma. 11. The use according to claim 10, wherein the disease associated with EGFR protein is non-small cell lung cancer. 12. A chip comprising the peptoid according to claim 1. 13. The chip according to claim 12, wherein the peptoid is coupled to a surface of the chip. 14. The chip according to claim 12, wherein the chip is a microfluidic chip. 15. A kit for identifying circulating tumor cells, comprising: a box body, and the chip according to claim 14 disposed in the box body. 16. A method for preparing the peptoid according to claim 1, comprising:
(1) carrying out an amidation reaction between a compound of Formula II and an amino group at a terminal end of a solid phase support resin to form an amide bond; 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the α-methylbenzylamine used is R(+)-α-methylbenzylamine. 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
the peptoid according to claim 2; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
the peptoid according to claim 3; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. | 1,600 |
342,848 | 16,642,569 | 1,658 | The present invention provides a biodegradable substrate for supporting growth of seeds or clones. The substrate comprises: about 70% to about 95% hemp fibre and about 5% to about 30% of a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a biodegradable substrate for supporting growth of seeds or clones from a hemp fibre-based mat. | 1. A substrate for supporting growth of a seed or a clone, the substrate comprising:
about 70% to about 95% (m/m) hemp fibre and about 5% to about 30% (m/m) of at least one biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. 2. The substrate of claim 1, comprising about 75% to about 85% (m/m) of the hemp fibre and about 15% to about 25% (m/m) of the at least one biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. 3. The substrate of claim 1, comprising about 80% (m/m) of the hemp fibre, and about 20% (m/m) of the at least one biodegradable thermoplastic polymer 4. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre is coated with about 0.3% to about 1.0% (m/m) of a wetting agent. 5. The substrate of claim 4, wherein the wetting agent is a plant extract containing an amphipathic glycoside. 6. The substrate of claim 5, wherein the plant extract is yucca extract. 7. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre has an average size of about 1 mm to about 50 mm. 8. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre is obtained from whole-stalk processing of hemp plants. 9. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre includes bast fibre and hurd fibre. 10. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is in a fibre form. 11. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is compostable. 12. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is polylactic acid, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polyesteramide, a polycaprolactone, thermoplastic starch, or poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) or a derivative or formulation thereof, wherein the formulation comprises one or more stabilizing additives. 13. The substrate of claim 12, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is polylactic acid, or a derivative or formulation thereof, wherein the formulation comprises one or more stabilizing additives. 14. The substrate of claim 1, having a material basis weight between about 2.0 kg/m2 to about 6.5 kg/m2. 15. The substrate of claim 14, having a material basis weight between about 3.5 kg/m2 to about 6.0 kg/m2. 16. The substrate of claim 1, having a material basis weight of about 3.5 kg/m2. 17. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre and the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer are needle punched to create fibre entanglements therebetween in a fibre air-lay blending process. 18. The substrate of claim 1, in the form of a block having dimensions of about 30 mm×about 30 mm×about 30 mm to about 40 mm×about 40 mm×about 40 mm and having a hole formed substantially centrally on one side for placement of the seed or the clone. 19-35. (canceled) | The present invention provides a biodegradable substrate for supporting growth of seeds or clones. The substrate comprises: about 70% to about 95% hemp fibre and about 5% to about 30% of a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a biodegradable substrate for supporting growth of seeds or clones from a hemp fibre-based mat.1. A substrate for supporting growth of a seed or a clone, the substrate comprising:
about 70% to about 95% (m/m) hemp fibre and about 5% to about 30% (m/m) of at least one biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. 2. The substrate of claim 1, comprising about 75% to about 85% (m/m) of the hemp fibre and about 15% to about 25% (m/m) of the at least one biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. 3. The substrate of claim 1, comprising about 80% (m/m) of the hemp fibre, and about 20% (m/m) of the at least one biodegradable thermoplastic polymer 4. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre is coated with about 0.3% to about 1.0% (m/m) of a wetting agent. 5. The substrate of claim 4, wherein the wetting agent is a plant extract containing an amphipathic glycoside. 6. The substrate of claim 5, wherein the plant extract is yucca extract. 7. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre has an average size of about 1 mm to about 50 mm. 8. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre is obtained from whole-stalk processing of hemp plants. 9. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre includes bast fibre and hurd fibre. 10. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is in a fibre form. 11. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is compostable. 12. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is polylactic acid, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polyesteramide, a polycaprolactone, thermoplastic starch, or poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) or a derivative or formulation thereof, wherein the formulation comprises one or more stabilizing additives. 13. The substrate of claim 12, wherein the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is polylactic acid, or a derivative or formulation thereof, wherein the formulation comprises one or more stabilizing additives. 14. The substrate of claim 1, having a material basis weight between about 2.0 kg/m2 to about 6.5 kg/m2. 15. The substrate of claim 14, having a material basis weight between about 3.5 kg/m2 to about 6.0 kg/m2. 16. The substrate of claim 1, having a material basis weight of about 3.5 kg/m2. 17. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the hemp fibre and the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer are needle punched to create fibre entanglements therebetween in a fibre air-lay blending process. 18. The substrate of claim 1, in the form of a block having dimensions of about 30 mm×about 30 mm×about 30 mm to about 40 mm×about 40 mm×about 40 mm and having a hole formed substantially centrally on one side for placement of the seed or the clone. 19-35. (canceled) | 1,600 |
342,849 | 16,642,563 | 1,658 | Technologies for managing accelerator resources include a cloud resource manager (102) to receive accelerator usage information from each of a plurality of node compute devices (104) and task parameters of a task to be performed. The cloud resource manager (102) accesses a task distribution policy, determines a destination node compute device (104) of the plurality of node compute devices (104) based on the task parameters and the task distribution policy, and assigns the task to the destination node compute device (104). | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A cloud resource manager for management of accelerator resources, the cloud resource manager comprising:
a network interface controller to receive accelerator usage information from each of a plurality of node compute devices; and an accelerator manager to:
receive task parameters of a task to be performed;
access a task distribution policy;
determine a destination node compute device of the plurality of node compute devices based on the task parameters and the task distribution policy; and
assign the task to the destination node compute device. 27. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device, wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the indication that the instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device. 28. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device has space available for the accelerator image, and wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device. 29. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device would have space available for the accelerator image on an accelerator device after a defragmentation of the accelerator device; wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device after defragmentation of the accelerator device. 30. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to store a plurality of accelerator images, wherein the plurality of accelerator images includes the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, and
wherein the network interface controller is further to send the accelerator image to the destination node compute device in response to receive the indication of the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task. 31. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (iv) a frequency of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (v) a power usage of each of the plurality of node compute devices, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices. 32. The cloud resource manager of claim 31, wherein to determine the destination node compute device of the plurality of node compute devices comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on at least one of (i) the accelerator images deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in the at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (iv) the frequency of use of the accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (v) the power usage of each of the plurality of node compute devices, and (vi) the indication of the last time of use of the accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices. 33. A node compute device for management of accelerator resources of the node compute device, the node compute device comprising:
a network interface controller to receive task parameters of a task to be performed by the node compute device; and an accelerator manager to:
access a task scheduling policy;
schedule the task based on the task parameters and the task scheduling policy; and
perform the task on an accelerator device of the node compute device in response to the task being scheduled. 34. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the network interface controller is further to send accelerator usage information to a cloud resource manager, and wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on the node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on the node compute device is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in the accelerator device of, (iv) the frequency of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device, (v) the power usage of the accelerator device, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device. 35. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; and determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters, wherein to schedule the task comprises to schedule the task to run on the instance of the accelerator image in response to a determination that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters. 36. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to:
determine that there is currently no available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device; determine that there would be available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device after defragmentation of the accelerator device; defragment the accelerator device in response to a determination that there would be space available for the accelerator image after defragmentation of the accelerator device; and load the accelerator image on the accelerator device in response to defragmentation of the accelerator device. 37. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; perform at least part of a second task on the accelerator image before receipt of the task parameters; determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the second task should be paged out in favor of the task; and page out the second task from the accelerator device, wherein to page out the second task comprises to save context data of the second task. 38. The node compute device of claim 37, wherein the accelerator manager is further to send the context data of the second task to a second node compute device for the second task to be paged in on the second node compute device. 39. One or more computer-readable media comprising a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, when executed, causes a compute device to:
receive accelerator usage information from each of a plurality of node compute devices; and receive task parameters of a task to be performed; access a task distribution policy; determine a destination node compute device of the plurality of node compute devices based on the task parameters and the task distribution policy; and assign the task to the destination node compute device. 40. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device, wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the indication that the instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device. 41. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device has space available for the accelerator image, and wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device. 42. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device would have space available for the accelerator image on an accelerator device after a defragmentation of the accelerator device; wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device after defragmentation of the accelerator device. 43. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
store a plurality of accelerator images, wherein the plurality of accelerator images includes the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, and send the accelerator image to the destination node compute device in response to receive the indication of the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task. 44. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (iv) a frequency of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (v) a power usage of each of the plurality of node compute devices, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices. 45. One or more computer-readable media comprising a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, when executed, causes a compute device to:
receive task parameters of a task to be performed by the node compute device; access a task scheduling policy; schedule the task based on the task parameters and the task scheduling policy; and perform the task on an accelerator device of the node compute device in response to the task being scheduled. 46. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to send accelerator usage information to a cloud resource manager, and wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on the node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on the node compute device is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in the accelerator device of, (iv) the frequency of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device, (v) the power usage of the accelerator device, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device. 47. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; and determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters, wherein to schedule the task comprises to schedule the task to run on the instance of the accelerator image in response to a determination that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters. 48. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
determine that there is currently no available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device; determine that there would be available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device after defragmentation of the accelerator device; defragment the accelerator device in response to a determination that there would be space available for the accelerator image after defragmentation of the accelerator device; and load the accelerator image on the accelerator device in response to defragmentation of the accelerator device. 49. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; perform at least part of a second task on the accelerator image before receipt of the task parameters; determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the second task should be paged out in favor of the task; and page out the second task from the accelerator device, wherein to page out the second task comprises to save context data of the second task. 50. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 49, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to send the context data of the second task to a second node compute device for the second task to be paged in on the second node compute device. | Technologies for managing accelerator resources include a cloud resource manager (102) to receive accelerator usage information from each of a plurality of node compute devices (104) and task parameters of a task to be performed. The cloud resource manager (102) accesses a task distribution policy, determines a destination node compute device (104) of the plurality of node compute devices (104) based on the task parameters and the task distribution policy, and assigns the task to the destination node compute device (104).1-25. (canceled) 26. A cloud resource manager for management of accelerator resources, the cloud resource manager comprising:
a network interface controller to receive accelerator usage information from each of a plurality of node compute devices; and an accelerator manager to:
receive task parameters of a task to be performed;
access a task distribution policy;
determine a destination node compute device of the plurality of node compute devices based on the task parameters and the task distribution policy; and
assign the task to the destination node compute device. 27. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device, wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the indication that the instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device. 28. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device has space available for the accelerator image, and wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device. 29. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device would have space available for the accelerator image on an accelerator device after a defragmentation of the accelerator device; wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device after defragmentation of the accelerator device. 30. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to store a plurality of accelerator images, wherein the plurality of accelerator images includes the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, and
wherein the network interface controller is further to send the accelerator image to the destination node compute device in response to receive the indication of the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task. 31. The cloud resource manager of claim 26, wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (iv) a frequency of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (v) a power usage of each of the plurality of node compute devices, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices. 32. The cloud resource manager of claim 31, wherein to determine the destination node compute device of the plurality of node compute devices comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on at least one of (i) the accelerator images deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in the at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (iv) the frequency of use of the accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (v) the power usage of each of the plurality of node compute devices, and (vi) the indication of the last time of use of the accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices. 33. A node compute device for management of accelerator resources of the node compute device, the node compute device comprising:
a network interface controller to receive task parameters of a task to be performed by the node compute device; and an accelerator manager to:
access a task scheduling policy;
schedule the task based on the task parameters and the task scheduling policy; and
perform the task on an accelerator device of the node compute device in response to the task being scheduled. 34. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the network interface controller is further to send accelerator usage information to a cloud resource manager, and wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on the node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on the node compute device is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in the accelerator device of, (iv) the frequency of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device, (v) the power usage of the accelerator device, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device. 35. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; and determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters, wherein to schedule the task comprises to schedule the task to run on the instance of the accelerator image in response to a determination that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters. 36. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to:
determine that there is currently no available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device; determine that there would be available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device after defragmentation of the accelerator device; defragment the accelerator device in response to a determination that there would be space available for the accelerator image after defragmentation of the accelerator device; and load the accelerator image on the accelerator device in response to defragmentation of the accelerator device. 37. The node compute device of claim 33, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the accelerator manager is further to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; perform at least part of a second task on the accelerator image before receipt of the task parameters; determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the second task should be paged out in favor of the task; and page out the second task from the accelerator device, wherein to page out the second task comprises to save context data of the second task. 38. The node compute device of claim 37, wherein the accelerator manager is further to send the context data of the second task to a second node compute device for the second task to be paged in on the second node compute device. 39. One or more computer-readable media comprising a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, when executed, causes a compute device to:
receive accelerator usage information from each of a plurality of node compute devices; and receive task parameters of a task to be performed; access a task distribution policy; determine a destination node compute device of the plurality of node compute devices based on the task parameters and the task distribution policy; and assign the task to the destination node compute device. 40. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device, wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the indication that the instance of the accelerator image is available in the destination node compute device. 41. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device has space available for the accelerator image, and wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device. 42. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task,
wherein the accelerator usage information comprises an indication that an accelerator device of the destination node compute device would have space available for the accelerator image on an accelerator device after a defragmentation of the accelerator device; wherein to determine the destination node compute device comprises to determine the destination node compute device based on the space available for the accelerator image in the destination node compute device after defragmentation of the accelerator device. 43. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
store a plurality of accelerator images, wherein the plurality of accelerator images includes the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, and send the accelerator image to the destination node compute device in response to receive the indication of the accelerator image to be used in performance of the task. 44. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 39, wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on each of the plurality of node compute devices is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (iv) a frequency of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices, (v) a power usage of each of the plurality of node compute devices, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of at least one accelerator device of each of the plurality of node compute devices. 45. One or more computer-readable media comprising a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, when executed, causes a compute device to:
receive task parameters of a task to be performed by the node compute device; access a task scheduling policy; schedule the task based on the task parameters and the task scheduling policy; and perform the task on an accelerator device of the node compute device in response to the task being scheduled. 46. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to send accelerator usage information to a cloud resource manager, and wherein the accelerator usage information comprises at least one of (i) accelerator images deployed on the node compute devices, (ii) whether each accelerator image deployed on the node compute device is permitted to be shared, (iii) how much free space is in the accelerator device of, (iv) the frequency of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device, (v) the power usage of the accelerator device, and (vi) an indication of a last time of use of an accelerator image of the accelerator device. 47. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; and determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters, wherein to schedule the task comprises to schedule the task to run on the instance of the accelerator image in response to a determination that the instance of the accelerator image was loaded on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters. 48. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
determine that there is currently no available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device; determine that there would be available space for the accelerator image on the accelerator device after defragmentation of the accelerator device; defragment the accelerator device in response to a determination that there would be space available for the accelerator image after defragmentation of the accelerator device; and load the accelerator image on the accelerator device in response to defragmentation of the accelerator device. 49. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 45, wherein the task parameters comprise an indication of an accelerator image to be used in performance of the task, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to:
load an instance of the accelerator image on the accelerator device before receipt of the task parameters; perform at least part of a second task on the accelerator image before receipt of the task parameters; determine, in response to receipt of the task parameters, that the second task should be paged out in favor of the task; and page out the second task from the accelerator device, wherein to page out the second task comprises to save context data of the second task. 50. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 49, wherein the plurality of instructions further cause the compute device to send the context data of the second task to a second node compute device for the second task to be paged in on the second node compute device. | 1,600 |
342,850 | 16,642,579 | 1,658 | Disclosed is a method and apparatus for extracting data in a deep learning model. The method includes receiving an input query, determining a first decision boundary set being a subset of a decision boundary set corresponding to a target layer of the deep learning model, extracting a decision region including the input query based on the first decision boundary set, and extracting data included in the decision region. | 1. A method of extracting data in a deep learning model, the method comprising:
receiving an input query; determining a first decision boundary set being a subset of a decision boundary set corresponding to a target layer of the deep learning model; extracting a decision region including the input query based on the first decision boundary set; and extracting data included in the decision region. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
re-training the deep learning model based on the extracted data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the first decision boundary set comprises:
determining a distribution probability of decision boundaries included in the decision boundary set; and determining the first decision boundary set based on the distribution probability of the decision boundaries. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the determining of the first decision boundary set based on the distribution probability of the decision boundaries comprises determining decision boundaries of which a distribution probability is greater than or equal to a threshold, among the decision boundaries, to be the first decision boundary set. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating of the distribution probability of the decision boundaries included in the decision boundary set comprises determining Bernoulli parameters of the decision boundaries. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining of the Bernoulli parameters comprises determining the Bernoulli parameters based on a loss function corresponding to the target layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting of the data comprises extracting the data based on a rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm having the decision region as a constraint. 8. A computer program stored in a medium in combination with hardware to perform the method of claim 1. 9. An apparatus for extracting data in a deep learning model, the apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to receive an input query, determine a first decision boundary set being a subset of a decision boundary set corresponding to a target layer of the deep learning model, extract a decision region including the input query based on the first decision boundary set, and extract data included in the decision region. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to re-train the deep learning model based on the extracted data. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine a distribution probability of decision boundaries included in the decision boundary set, and determine the first decision boundary set based on the distribution probability of the decision boundaries. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine decision boundaries of which a distribution probability is greater than or equal to a threshold, among the decision boundaries, to be the first decision boundary set. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine Bernoulli parameters of the decision boundaries. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to determine the Bernoulli parameters based on a loss function corresponding to the target layer. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to extract the data based on a rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm having the decision region as a constraint. | Disclosed is a method and apparatus for extracting data in a deep learning model. The method includes receiving an input query, determining a first decision boundary set being a subset of a decision boundary set corresponding to a target layer of the deep learning model, extracting a decision region including the input query based on the first decision boundary set, and extracting data included in the decision region.1. A method of extracting data in a deep learning model, the method comprising:
receiving an input query; determining a first decision boundary set being a subset of a decision boundary set corresponding to a target layer of the deep learning model; extracting a decision region including the input query based on the first decision boundary set; and extracting data included in the decision region. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
re-training the deep learning model based on the extracted data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the first decision boundary set comprises:
determining a distribution probability of decision boundaries included in the decision boundary set; and determining the first decision boundary set based on the distribution probability of the decision boundaries. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the determining of the first decision boundary set based on the distribution probability of the decision boundaries comprises determining decision boundaries of which a distribution probability is greater than or equal to a threshold, among the decision boundaries, to be the first decision boundary set. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating of the distribution probability of the decision boundaries included in the decision boundary set comprises determining Bernoulli parameters of the decision boundaries. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining of the Bernoulli parameters comprises determining the Bernoulli parameters based on a loss function corresponding to the target layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting of the data comprises extracting the data based on a rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm having the decision region as a constraint. 8. A computer program stored in a medium in combination with hardware to perform the method of claim 1. 9. An apparatus for extracting data in a deep learning model, the apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to receive an input query, determine a first decision boundary set being a subset of a decision boundary set corresponding to a target layer of the deep learning model, extract a decision region including the input query based on the first decision boundary set, and extract data included in the decision region. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to re-train the deep learning model based on the extracted data. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine a distribution probability of decision boundaries included in the decision boundary set, and determine the first decision boundary set based on the distribution probability of the decision boundaries. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine decision boundaries of which a distribution probability is greater than or equal to a threshold, among the decision boundaries, to be the first decision boundary set. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine Bernoulli parameters of the decision boundaries. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to determine the Bernoulli parameters based on a loss function corresponding to the target layer. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to extract the data based on a rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm having the decision region as a constraint. | 1,600 |
342,851 | 16,642,574 | 1,658 | Disclosed herein are aqueous latex compositions comprising polysaccharide particles and a polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion. In one embodiment the polysaccharide particles comprise poly alpha-1,3-glucan. Also disclosed are an adhesive, film, coating, or binder comprising the latex composition in a dry form, as well as articles comprising the adhesive, film, coating, or binder. | 1. An aqueous latex composition comprising:
polysaccharide particles, and a polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion; wherein the polysaccharide particles comprise at least one polysaccharide comprising:
i) poly alpha-1,3-glucan;
ii) poly alpha-1,3-1,6-glucan;
iii) a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compound represented by Structure 1: 2. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension in the range of from about 20 nm to about 5000 microns. 3. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide particles are present at an amount in the range of from about 0.01 weight percent polysaccharide solids to about 75 weight percent polysaccharide solids, based on the total weight of polysaccharide and polymer solids. 4. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide particles comprise poly alpha-1,3-glucan. 5. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises a polymer polymerized from at least one copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer; polyurethane; epoxy; a rubber elastomer; or a combination thereof. 6. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises a polymer polymerized from at least one copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, and the monomer comprises vinyl monomers, acrylic monomers, allylic monomers, acrylamide monomers, monocarboxylic unsaturated acids, dicarboxylic unsaturated acids, or a mixture thereof. 7. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises polyurethane or epoxy. 8. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises a rubber elastomer, and the rubber elastomer comprises natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, polybutadiene, or neoprene. 9. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises particles having an average particle size in at least one dimension in the range of from about 10 nm to about 2500 nm. 10. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer of the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion is present at an amount in the range of from about 0.5 weight percent polymer solids to about 90 weight percent polymer solids, based on the total weight of polysaccharide and polymer solids. 11. The latex composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more additives, wherein the additive is a dispersant, rheological aid, antifoam, foaming agent, adhesion promoter, flame retardant, bactericide, fungicide, preservative, optical brightener, pigment, filler, anti-settling agent, coalescing agent, humectant, buffer, colorant, viscosity modifier, antifreeze, surfactant, binder, crosslinking agent, anticorrosion agent, hardener, pH regulator, salt, thickener, plasticizer, stabilizer, extender, matting agent, or a combination thereof. 12. A paint formulation comprising the latex composition of claim 1. 13. An adhesive, film, coating, or binder comprising the latex composition of claim 1 in a dry form. 14. An article comprising the adhesive, film, coating, or binder of claim 13. 15. The article of claim 14, wherein the article is paper, leather, wood, metal, polymer, a fibrous substrate, or an architectural surface. | Disclosed herein are aqueous latex compositions comprising polysaccharide particles and a polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion. In one embodiment the polysaccharide particles comprise poly alpha-1,3-glucan. Also disclosed are an adhesive, film, coating, or binder comprising the latex composition in a dry form, as well as articles comprising the adhesive, film, coating, or binder.1. An aqueous latex composition comprising:
polysaccharide particles, and a polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion; wherein the polysaccharide particles comprise at least one polysaccharide comprising:
i) poly alpha-1,3-glucan;
ii) poly alpha-1,3-1,6-glucan;
iii) a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compound represented by Structure 1: 2. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension in the range of from about 20 nm to about 5000 microns. 3. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide particles are present at an amount in the range of from about 0.01 weight percent polysaccharide solids to about 75 weight percent polysaccharide solids, based on the total weight of polysaccharide and polymer solids. 4. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide particles comprise poly alpha-1,3-glucan. 5. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises a polymer polymerized from at least one copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer; polyurethane; epoxy; a rubber elastomer; or a combination thereof. 6. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises a polymer polymerized from at least one copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, and the monomer comprises vinyl monomers, acrylic monomers, allylic monomers, acrylamide monomers, monocarboxylic unsaturated acids, dicarboxylic unsaturated acids, or a mixture thereof. 7. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises polyurethane or epoxy. 8. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises a rubber elastomer, and the rubber elastomer comprises natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, polybutadiene, or neoprene. 9. The latex composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion comprises particles having an average particle size in at least one dimension in the range of from about 10 nm to about 2500 nm. 10. The latex composition of claim 5, wherein the polymer of the polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion is present at an amount in the range of from about 0.5 weight percent polymer solids to about 90 weight percent polymer solids, based on the total weight of polysaccharide and polymer solids. 11. The latex composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more additives, wherein the additive is a dispersant, rheological aid, antifoam, foaming agent, adhesion promoter, flame retardant, bactericide, fungicide, preservative, optical brightener, pigment, filler, anti-settling agent, coalescing agent, humectant, buffer, colorant, viscosity modifier, antifreeze, surfactant, binder, crosslinking agent, anticorrosion agent, hardener, pH regulator, salt, thickener, plasticizer, stabilizer, extender, matting agent, or a combination thereof. 12. A paint formulation comprising the latex composition of claim 1. 13. An adhesive, film, coating, or binder comprising the latex composition of claim 1 in a dry form. 14. An article comprising the adhesive, film, coating, or binder of claim 13. 15. The article of claim 14, wherein the article is paper, leather, wood, metal, polymer, a fibrous substrate, or an architectural surface. | 1,600 |
342,852 | 16,642,551 | 1,658 | The object of the present invention is to separate and provide a β-glucosidase gene having the effect of efficiently promoting saccharification in hydrolysis of cellulose-containing biomass from a hardly culturable symbiotic protist community of Coptotermes formosanus, and the present invention specifically relates to β-glucosidase derived from a protist of the genus Pseudotrichonympha consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. | 1. A polypeptide that is any one of the following (A) to (C):
(A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; (B) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence obtained by substituting, deleting, inserting and/or adding one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and having β-glucosidase activity; and (C) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and having β-glucosidase activity. 2. A polynucleotide that is any one of the following (a) to (d):
(a) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence obtained by substituting, deleting, inserting and/or adding one or several nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; (c) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence having at least 60% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; and (d) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to claim 1. 3. A polynucleotide that is any one of the following (a) to (d):
(a) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence obtained by substituting, deleting, inserting and/or adding one or several nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; (c) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence having at least 50% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; and (d) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to claim 1. 4. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 5. A transformant comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2, or an expression vector comprising the polynucleotide. 6. A transformed filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2, or an expression vector comprising the polynucleotide. 7. A method for producing an enzyme composition, comprising the step of culturing the transformant according to claim 5. 8. A method for producing a sugar solution from cellulose-containing biomass, comprising the step of producing the enzyme composition according to claim 7, wherein the enzyme composition obtained by the step is used to produce the sugar solution. 9. A β-glucosidase derived from a protist of the genus Pseudotrichonympha, wherein an activity of the β-glucosidase is 0.5 or more under a condition of a glucose concentration of 8 g/L when a β-glucosidase activity in the absence of glucose is taken as unity. 10. An enzyme composition comprising a β-glucosidase derived from a protist of the genus Pseudotrichonympha and a cellulase derived from a filamentous fungus. 11. The enzyme composition according to claim 10, wherein the filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma. 12. A method for producing a sugar solution from cellulose-containing biomass, comprising using the enzyme composition according to claim 10 to produce the sugar solution. 13. The method for producing a sugar solution according to claim 12, comprising the step of recovering the enzyme composition from the sugar solution. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the transformant is a transformed filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma. | The object of the present invention is to separate and provide a β-glucosidase gene having the effect of efficiently promoting saccharification in hydrolysis of cellulose-containing biomass from a hardly culturable symbiotic protist community of Coptotermes formosanus, and the present invention specifically relates to β-glucosidase derived from a protist of the genus Pseudotrichonympha consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.1. A polypeptide that is any one of the following (A) to (C):
(A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; (B) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence obtained by substituting, deleting, inserting and/or adding one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and having β-glucosidase activity; and (C) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and having β-glucosidase activity. 2. A polynucleotide that is any one of the following (a) to (d):
(a) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence obtained by substituting, deleting, inserting and/or adding one or several nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; (c) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence having at least 60% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; and (d) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to claim 1. 3. A polynucleotide that is any one of the following (a) to (d):
(a) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence obtained by substituting, deleting, inserting and/or adding one or several nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; (c) a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence having at least 50% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and encoding a polypeptide having β-glucosidase activity; and (d) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to claim 1. 4. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2. 5. A transformant comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2, or an expression vector comprising the polynucleotide. 6. A transformed filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 2, or an expression vector comprising the polynucleotide. 7. A method for producing an enzyme composition, comprising the step of culturing the transformant according to claim 5. 8. A method for producing a sugar solution from cellulose-containing biomass, comprising the step of producing the enzyme composition according to claim 7, wherein the enzyme composition obtained by the step is used to produce the sugar solution. 9. A β-glucosidase derived from a protist of the genus Pseudotrichonympha, wherein an activity of the β-glucosidase is 0.5 or more under a condition of a glucose concentration of 8 g/L when a β-glucosidase activity in the absence of glucose is taken as unity. 10. An enzyme composition comprising a β-glucosidase derived from a protist of the genus Pseudotrichonympha and a cellulase derived from a filamentous fungus. 11. The enzyme composition according to claim 10, wherein the filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma. 12. A method for producing a sugar solution from cellulose-containing biomass, comprising using the enzyme composition according to claim 10 to produce the sugar solution. 13. The method for producing a sugar solution according to claim 12, comprising the step of recovering the enzyme composition from the sugar solution. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the transformant is a transformed filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma. | 1,600 |
342,853 | 16,642,571 | 1,658 | Provided is a method for producing a glass particulate deposit, the method including disposing at least one burner at a position facing a rod that rotates around an axis, and spraying glass particulates generated in the flame from the burner to the rod while relatively reciprocating the rod and the burner in the axis direction of the rod, to deposit glass particulates, wherein the relation of 0.1 W≤V/R≤1.0 W is satisfied, where W mm represents the luminance width of the flame of the glass raw material, R rotations/min represents the rotational speed of the rod, and V mm/min represents the speed of the reciprocation. | 1. A method for producing a glass particulate deposit, comprising:
disposing at least one burner at a position facing a rod that rotates around the axis; and spraying glass particulates generated in a flame from the burner to the rod while relatively reciprocating the rod and the burner in an axis direction of the rod, to deposit the glass particulates, wherein a relation of 0.1 W≤V/R≤1.0 W is satisfied, where W mm represents a luminance width of a flame of glass raw material, R rotations/min represents a rotational speed of the rod, and V mm/min represents a speed of the reciprocation. 2. The method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 1, wherein a relation of 0.1 W≤V/R≤0.5 W is satisfied, where W represents the luminance width, R represents the rotational speed, and V represents the speed of the reciprocation. 3. The method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 1, wherein siloxane is used as the glass raw material. 4. The method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 3, wherein octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) is used as the siloxane. 5. A method for producing a glass preform comprising:
a transparentizing process of producing a glass particulate deposit by the method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 1, and heating the produced glass particulate deposit to produce a transparent glass preform. 6. A glass preform having a variation rate of an outer diameter of 5% or less in a longitudinal direction. 7. The glass preform according to claim 6, wherein the variation rate of the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction is 1.5% or less. | Provided is a method for producing a glass particulate deposit, the method including disposing at least one burner at a position facing a rod that rotates around an axis, and spraying glass particulates generated in the flame from the burner to the rod while relatively reciprocating the rod and the burner in the axis direction of the rod, to deposit glass particulates, wherein the relation of 0.1 W≤V/R≤1.0 W is satisfied, where W mm represents the luminance width of the flame of the glass raw material, R rotations/min represents the rotational speed of the rod, and V mm/min represents the speed of the reciprocation.1. A method for producing a glass particulate deposit, comprising:
disposing at least one burner at a position facing a rod that rotates around the axis; and spraying glass particulates generated in a flame from the burner to the rod while relatively reciprocating the rod and the burner in an axis direction of the rod, to deposit the glass particulates, wherein a relation of 0.1 W≤V/R≤1.0 W is satisfied, where W mm represents a luminance width of a flame of glass raw material, R rotations/min represents a rotational speed of the rod, and V mm/min represents a speed of the reciprocation. 2. The method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 1, wherein a relation of 0.1 W≤V/R≤0.5 W is satisfied, where W represents the luminance width, R represents the rotational speed, and V represents the speed of the reciprocation. 3. The method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 1, wherein siloxane is used as the glass raw material. 4. The method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 3, wherein octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) is used as the siloxane. 5. A method for producing a glass preform comprising:
a transparentizing process of producing a glass particulate deposit by the method for producing a glass particulate deposit according to claim 1, and heating the produced glass particulate deposit to produce a transparent glass preform. 6. A glass preform having a variation rate of an outer diameter of 5% or less in a longitudinal direction. 7. The glass preform according to claim 6, wherein the variation rate of the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction is 1.5% or less. | 1,600 |
342,854 | 16,642,593 | 1,658 | A method for manufacturing a friction material containing a friction modifier, a fibrous material and a binder as raw materials is provided. The method includes a step of mixing and agitating the raw materials by low frequency acoustic agitation. A content of the fibrous material in the friction material may be 1 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less. The content of the fibrous material in the friction material may be 3 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less. | 1. A method for manufacturing a friction material containing a friction modifier, a fibrous material and a binder as raw materials, the method comprising:
a step of mixing and agitating the raw materials by low frequency acoustic agitation. 2. The method for manufacturing a friction material according to claim 1, wherein
a content of the fibrous material in the friction material is 1 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less. 3. The method for manufacturing a friction material according to claim 1, wherein
the content of the fibrous material in the friction material is 3 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less. | A method for manufacturing a friction material containing a friction modifier, a fibrous material and a binder as raw materials is provided. The method includes a step of mixing and agitating the raw materials by low frequency acoustic agitation. A content of the fibrous material in the friction material may be 1 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less. The content of the fibrous material in the friction material may be 3 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less.1. A method for manufacturing a friction material containing a friction modifier, a fibrous material and a binder as raw materials, the method comprising:
a step of mixing and agitating the raw materials by low frequency acoustic agitation. 2. The method for manufacturing a friction material according to claim 1, wherein
a content of the fibrous material in the friction material is 1 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less. 3. The method for manufacturing a friction material according to claim 1, wherein
the content of the fibrous material in the friction material is 3 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less. | 1,600 |
342,855 | 16,642,560 | 1,658 | Described herein are integrated thermochemical processes for the conversion of coal into high-value products using a combination of pyrolysis and solvent extraction. The described systems and methods are versatile and may be used to generate a variety of high value products including chemicals (aromatics, asphaltenes, napthenes, phenols, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters), polymer composite products (resins, coatings), graphitic products, agricultural materials, building materials, carbon fiber and other products that are substantially more valuable that the energy generated via combustion. Further, these systems and methods are specifically designed to be highly branched and highly flexible, allowing for a high selectivity and optimization for increasing the value of the products relative to the feedstock. | 1. A method for converting coal into a plurality of high value coal products and extracts comprising:
providing a feedstock, wherein said feedstock is at least partially derived from coal; processing said feedstock, wherein said processing step includes a combination of pyrolysis and solvent extraction, wherein said pyrolysis and solvent extraction are integrated and carried out under conditions for generating a plurality of high value coal products. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein greater than or equal to 50% by mass dry basis of said high value coal products are liquid at standard temperature and pressure. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said step of processing said step is highly branched and highly selective. 4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein said pyrolysis is performed at a pressure selected from the range of 0.5 atm to 15 atm. 5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein said pyrolysis is performed at a temperature selected from the range of 400° C. to 1200° C. 6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein said pyrolysis is performed in less than or equal to 5 seconds. 7. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein said pyrolysis is integrated with said solvent extraction. 8. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein said pyrolysis generates a mass percentage of gas of less than or equal to 25%, excluding water vapor. 9. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein said pyrolysis is performed in the presence of hydrogen gas, methane, syngas or any combination thereof. 10. The method of any of claims 1-9, wherein said pyrolysis is flash pyrolysis. 11. The method of any of claims 1-10, wherein said solvent extraction is performed with at least one liquid solvent. 12. The method of any of claims 1-11, wherein said at least one solvent is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic solvent, an aromatic solvent, a polar solvent, a hydrogen donating solvent, an ionic liquid solvent and any combination thereof. 13. The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein said solvent extraction is performed with at least two liquid solvents. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a first solvent is a polar solvent and a second solvent is a hydrogen donating solvent or vice versa. 15. The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein said solvent extraction is a single stage solvent extraction, multiple single stage solvent extractions, a single multistage solvent extraction, multiple multistage solvent extractions or a combination of single stage and multistage solvent extractions. 16. The method of any of claims 11-15, wherein said solvent extraction is performed at a temperature less than the critical temperature of said at least one solvent. 17. The method of any of claims 1-16, wherein said solvent extraction is performed at less than or equal to 350° C. 18. The method of any of claims 1-17, wherein said solvent extraction generates a mass percentage of gas less than or equal to 5%, excluding water vapor. 19. The method of any of claims 11-18, wherein one of said at least one solvents comprises tetralin (1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene), 1-methyl-napthalene, toluene, dimethylformamide (DMF) or any combination thereof. 20. The method of any of claims 1-19, wherein said solvent extraction is performed upstream of said pyrolysis. 21. The method of any of claims 1-20, wherein said pyrolysis is performed upstream of said solvent extraction. 22. The method of any of claims 1-21, wherein a portion of products for said pyrolysis step are recycled to said solvent extraction. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said processing step comprises multiple solvent extractions and products from a later solvent extraction are recycled to an earlier solvent extraction or said pyrolysis or used as an intermediate for upstream further processing. 24. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein said feedstock at least partially derived from coal is greater than or equal to 90% unrefined coal by weight. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein said unrefined coal is physically, chemically or thermally preprocessed prior to said step of processing. 26. The method of any of claims 1-25, wherein a portion of said feedstock is one or more product streams from said pyrolysis, said solvent extraction, recycle streams or a combination thereof. 27. The method of any of claims 1-26, wherein said feedstock at least partially derived from coal comprises subbituminous coal. 28. The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein said feedstock is at least partially derived from coal is derived from run of mine coal. 29. The method of any of claims 1-28, wherein said high value coal products comprise less than or equal to 10% fuel products. 30. The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein said high value coal products comprise polymers or polymer precursors. 31. The method of any of claims 1-30, where said high value coal products comprise polyurethane. 32. The method of any of claims 1-31, wherein said high value coal products comprise composite polyurethane foam. 33. The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein said high value coal products comprise polyamides. 34. The method of any of claims 1-33, wherein said high value coal products comprise polyesters. 35. The method of any of claims 1-34, wherein said high value coal products comprise adhesives. 36. The method of any of claims 1-35, wherein said high value coal products comprise aromatics. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein said high value coal products comprise benzene, toluene, xylene, phenols, cresols, xylenols, naphthenols, C9 single aromatic rings, C10 single aromatic ring isomers or any combination thereof. 38. The method of any of claims 1-37, wherein said high value coal products comprise paraffins, olefins or a combination thereof. 39. The method of any of claims 1-38, wherein said high value coal products comprise asphaltenes. 40. The method of any of claims 1-39, wherein said high value coal products comprise coal tar, distillates, pitch, carbon fibers or any combination thereof. 41. The method of any of claims 1-40, wherein said high value coal products comprise soil amendments 42. The method of any of claims 1-41, wherein said high value coal products comprise building materials. 43. The method of any of claims 1-42, wherein a significant portion of said high value coal products are solids. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein said solids can be converted to construction materials, composite materials, liquid additives or any combination thereof when combined a resin, liquid or other bi-product generated by the methods described in claims 1-43. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said extracts can include metals and rare earth elements. 46. A method for converting coal into a plurality of high value coal products comprising:
providing a primary feedstock at least partially derived from coal; processing said primary feedstock, wherein said processing sequence is:
a pyrolysis step, wherein said pyrolysis step is performed in less than or equal to 10 seconds performed in a hydrogen rich atmosphere; and
a solvent extraction step, wherein said solvent extraction step is performed with at least one liquid solvent, wherein said liquid solvent is selected from the group consisting of: a polar solvent, a hydrogen donating solvent and any combination thereof;
wherein said pyrolysis step is the first processes step performed on said primary feedstock and said solvent extraction step is the second process step carried out on a solid char produced from said pyrolysis step; and wherein said pyrolysis step and said solvent extraction step are integrated and carried out under conditions for generating a plurality of high value coal products. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein said pyrolysis step is a flash pyrolysis process. 48. The method of claim 46 or 47, wherein said solvent step process is a single stage solvent extraction, multiple single stage solvent extractions, a single multistage solvent extraction, multiple multistage solvent extractions or a combination of single stage and multistage solvent extractions. 49. The method of any of claims 46-48 wherein said solvent extraction step uses two or more solvents. 50. The method of any of claims 46-49, wherein processing said feedstock further comprises one or more separation steps occurring after said pyrolysis step, after said solvent extraction step or in between multiple solvent extractions. | Described herein are integrated thermochemical processes for the conversion of coal into high-value products using a combination of pyrolysis and solvent extraction. The described systems and methods are versatile and may be used to generate a variety of high value products including chemicals (aromatics, asphaltenes, napthenes, phenols, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters), polymer composite products (resins, coatings), graphitic products, agricultural materials, building materials, carbon fiber and other products that are substantially more valuable that the energy generated via combustion. Further, these systems and methods are specifically designed to be highly branched and highly flexible, allowing for a high selectivity and optimization for increasing the value of the products relative to the feedstock.1. A method for converting coal into a plurality of high value coal products and extracts comprising:
providing a feedstock, wherein said feedstock is at least partially derived from coal; processing said feedstock, wherein said processing step includes a combination of pyrolysis and solvent extraction, wherein said pyrolysis and solvent extraction are integrated and carried out under conditions for generating a plurality of high value coal products. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein greater than or equal to 50% by mass dry basis of said high value coal products are liquid at standard temperature and pressure. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said step of processing said step is highly branched and highly selective. 4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein said pyrolysis is performed at a pressure selected from the range of 0.5 atm to 15 atm. 5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein said pyrolysis is performed at a temperature selected from the range of 400° C. to 1200° C. 6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein said pyrolysis is performed in less than or equal to 5 seconds. 7. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein said pyrolysis is integrated with said solvent extraction. 8. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein said pyrolysis generates a mass percentage of gas of less than or equal to 25%, excluding water vapor. 9. The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein said pyrolysis is performed in the presence of hydrogen gas, methane, syngas or any combination thereof. 10. The method of any of claims 1-9, wherein said pyrolysis is flash pyrolysis. 11. The method of any of claims 1-10, wherein said solvent extraction is performed with at least one liquid solvent. 12. The method of any of claims 1-11, wherein said at least one solvent is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic solvent, an aromatic solvent, a polar solvent, a hydrogen donating solvent, an ionic liquid solvent and any combination thereof. 13. The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein said solvent extraction is performed with at least two liquid solvents. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a first solvent is a polar solvent and a second solvent is a hydrogen donating solvent or vice versa. 15. The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein said solvent extraction is a single stage solvent extraction, multiple single stage solvent extractions, a single multistage solvent extraction, multiple multistage solvent extractions or a combination of single stage and multistage solvent extractions. 16. The method of any of claims 11-15, wherein said solvent extraction is performed at a temperature less than the critical temperature of said at least one solvent. 17. The method of any of claims 1-16, wherein said solvent extraction is performed at less than or equal to 350° C. 18. The method of any of claims 1-17, wherein said solvent extraction generates a mass percentage of gas less than or equal to 5%, excluding water vapor. 19. The method of any of claims 11-18, wherein one of said at least one solvents comprises tetralin (1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene), 1-methyl-napthalene, toluene, dimethylformamide (DMF) or any combination thereof. 20. The method of any of claims 1-19, wherein said solvent extraction is performed upstream of said pyrolysis. 21. The method of any of claims 1-20, wherein said pyrolysis is performed upstream of said solvent extraction. 22. The method of any of claims 1-21, wherein a portion of products for said pyrolysis step are recycled to said solvent extraction. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said processing step comprises multiple solvent extractions and products from a later solvent extraction are recycled to an earlier solvent extraction or said pyrolysis or used as an intermediate for upstream further processing. 24. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein said feedstock at least partially derived from coal is greater than or equal to 90% unrefined coal by weight. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein said unrefined coal is physically, chemically or thermally preprocessed prior to said step of processing. 26. The method of any of claims 1-25, wherein a portion of said feedstock is one or more product streams from said pyrolysis, said solvent extraction, recycle streams or a combination thereof. 27. The method of any of claims 1-26, wherein said feedstock at least partially derived from coal comprises subbituminous coal. 28. The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein said feedstock is at least partially derived from coal is derived from run of mine coal. 29. The method of any of claims 1-28, wherein said high value coal products comprise less than or equal to 10% fuel products. 30. The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein said high value coal products comprise polymers or polymer precursors. 31. The method of any of claims 1-30, where said high value coal products comprise polyurethane. 32. The method of any of claims 1-31, wherein said high value coal products comprise composite polyurethane foam. 33. The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein said high value coal products comprise polyamides. 34. The method of any of claims 1-33, wherein said high value coal products comprise polyesters. 35. The method of any of claims 1-34, wherein said high value coal products comprise adhesives. 36. The method of any of claims 1-35, wherein said high value coal products comprise aromatics. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein said high value coal products comprise benzene, toluene, xylene, phenols, cresols, xylenols, naphthenols, C9 single aromatic rings, C10 single aromatic ring isomers or any combination thereof. 38. The method of any of claims 1-37, wherein said high value coal products comprise paraffins, olefins or a combination thereof. 39. The method of any of claims 1-38, wherein said high value coal products comprise asphaltenes. 40. The method of any of claims 1-39, wherein said high value coal products comprise coal tar, distillates, pitch, carbon fibers or any combination thereof. 41. The method of any of claims 1-40, wherein said high value coal products comprise soil amendments 42. The method of any of claims 1-41, wherein said high value coal products comprise building materials. 43. The method of any of claims 1-42, wherein a significant portion of said high value coal products are solids. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein said solids can be converted to construction materials, composite materials, liquid additives or any combination thereof when combined a resin, liquid or other bi-product generated by the methods described in claims 1-43. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said extracts can include metals and rare earth elements. 46. A method for converting coal into a plurality of high value coal products comprising:
providing a primary feedstock at least partially derived from coal; processing said primary feedstock, wherein said processing sequence is:
a pyrolysis step, wherein said pyrolysis step is performed in less than or equal to 10 seconds performed in a hydrogen rich atmosphere; and
a solvent extraction step, wherein said solvent extraction step is performed with at least one liquid solvent, wherein said liquid solvent is selected from the group consisting of: a polar solvent, a hydrogen donating solvent and any combination thereof;
wherein said pyrolysis step is the first processes step performed on said primary feedstock and said solvent extraction step is the second process step carried out on a solid char produced from said pyrolysis step; and wherein said pyrolysis step and said solvent extraction step are integrated and carried out under conditions for generating a plurality of high value coal products. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein said pyrolysis step is a flash pyrolysis process. 48. The method of claim 46 or 47, wherein said solvent step process is a single stage solvent extraction, multiple single stage solvent extractions, a single multistage solvent extraction, multiple multistage solvent extractions or a combination of single stage and multistage solvent extractions. 49. The method of any of claims 46-48 wherein said solvent extraction step uses two or more solvents. 50. The method of any of claims 46-49, wherein processing said feedstock further comprises one or more separation steps occurring after said pyrolysis step, after said solvent extraction step or in between multiple solvent extractions. | 1,600 |
342,856 | 16,642,590 | 1,658 | Provided is an apparatus and method for aligning fiducial markers. The apparatus may align positions of the fiducial markers on the two or more micrographs forming a two or more point sets corresponding to the two or more micrographs; create a first set of matched fiducial markers and unmatched fiducial markers; transform unmatched fiducial markers into transformed point sets and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in a second set of matched fiducial markers. The matching of the second set of matched fiducial markers results in improved alignment of a large number of fiducial markers. The aligned positions of fiducial markers may be constrained by an upper bound of transformation deviation of aligning positions of fiducial markers on two or more micrographs. | 1. An apparatus for fiducial marker alignment, the apparatus comprising a processor and a memory storing computer instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to:
align positions of the fiducial markers on two or more micrographs forming two or more point sets corresponding to the two or more micrographs, create a first set of matched fiducial markers and unmatched fiducial markers; transform unmatched fiducial markers into transformed point sets and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in a second set of matched fidicual markers, wherein the matching of the second set of matched fiducial markers results in improved alignment of a large number of fiducial markers. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein aligning positions of fiducial markers is by an affine transformation. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the affine transformation is constrained by an upper bound of transformation deviation. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein creating the first set of matched fiducial markers comprises applying a Guassian mixture model. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein transforming unmatched fiducial markers comprises applying a second affine transformation. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the computer instructions are configured to, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to repeatedly transform unmatched fiducial markers into an additional point set and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in additional matched fiducial markers until no more additional matched fiducial markers can be created. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the two or more micrographs have a tilt angle and wherein none of the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs are equal. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs differ by a single tilt angle interval and the tilt angle interval is about 200 or less. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs each differ by a tilt angle interval and at least one of the tilt angle intervals is at least 50°. 10. A method for fiducial marker alignment, the method comprising:
aligning positions of the fiducial markers on two or more micrographs forming two or more point sets corresponding to the two or more micrographs; creating a first set of matched fiducial markers and unmatched fiducial markers; transforming unmatched fiducial markers into transformed point sets and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in a second set of matched fidicual markers, wherein the matching of the second set of matched fiducial markers results in improved alignment of a large number of fiducial markers. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein aligning positions of fiducial markers is by an affine transformation. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the affine transformation is constrained by an upper bound of transformation deviation. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein creating the first set of matched fiducial markers comprises applying a Guassian mixture model. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein transforming unmatched fiducial markers comprises applying a second affine transformation. 15. The method according to claim 10, further comprising repeatedly transforming unmatched fiducial markers into an additional point set and matching the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in additional matched fiducial markers until no more additional matched fiducial markers can be created. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein each of the two or more micrographs have a tilt angle and wherein none of the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs are equal. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs differ by a single tilt angle interval and the tilt angle interval is about 200 or less. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs each differ by a tilt angle interval and at least one of the tilt angle intervals is at least 50°. 19. A fiducial marker alignment apparatus comprising the apparatus of claim 1. 20. An electron tomography apparatus comprising the apparatus of claim 1. | Provided is an apparatus and method for aligning fiducial markers. The apparatus may align positions of the fiducial markers on the two or more micrographs forming a two or more point sets corresponding to the two or more micrographs; create a first set of matched fiducial markers and unmatched fiducial markers; transform unmatched fiducial markers into transformed point sets and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in a second set of matched fiducial markers. The matching of the second set of matched fiducial markers results in improved alignment of a large number of fiducial markers. The aligned positions of fiducial markers may be constrained by an upper bound of transformation deviation of aligning positions of fiducial markers on two or more micrographs.1. An apparatus for fiducial marker alignment, the apparatus comprising a processor and a memory storing computer instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to:
align positions of the fiducial markers on two or more micrographs forming two or more point sets corresponding to the two or more micrographs, create a first set of matched fiducial markers and unmatched fiducial markers; transform unmatched fiducial markers into transformed point sets and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in a second set of matched fidicual markers, wherein the matching of the second set of matched fiducial markers results in improved alignment of a large number of fiducial markers. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein aligning positions of fiducial markers is by an affine transformation. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the affine transformation is constrained by an upper bound of transformation deviation. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein creating the first set of matched fiducial markers comprises applying a Guassian mixture model. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein transforming unmatched fiducial markers comprises applying a second affine transformation. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the computer instructions are configured to, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to repeatedly transform unmatched fiducial markers into an additional point set and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in additional matched fiducial markers until no more additional matched fiducial markers can be created. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the two or more micrographs have a tilt angle and wherein none of the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs are equal. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs differ by a single tilt angle interval and the tilt angle interval is about 200 or less. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs each differ by a tilt angle interval and at least one of the tilt angle intervals is at least 50°. 10. A method for fiducial marker alignment, the method comprising:
aligning positions of the fiducial markers on two or more micrographs forming two or more point sets corresponding to the two or more micrographs; creating a first set of matched fiducial markers and unmatched fiducial markers; transforming unmatched fiducial markers into transformed point sets and match the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in a second set of matched fidicual markers, wherein the matching of the second set of matched fiducial markers results in improved alignment of a large number of fiducial markers. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein aligning positions of fiducial markers is by an affine transformation. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the affine transformation is constrained by an upper bound of transformation deviation. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein creating the first set of matched fiducial markers comprises applying a Guassian mixture model. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein transforming unmatched fiducial markers comprises applying a second affine transformation. 15. The method according to claim 10, further comprising repeatedly transforming unmatched fiducial markers into an additional point set and matching the unmatched fiducial markers resulting in additional matched fiducial markers until no more additional matched fiducial markers can be created. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein each of the two or more micrographs have a tilt angle and wherein none of the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs are equal. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs differ by a single tilt angle interval and the tilt angle interval is about 200 or less. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the tilt angles of each of the two or more micrographs each differ by a tilt angle interval and at least one of the tilt angle intervals is at least 50°. 19. A fiducial marker alignment apparatus comprising the apparatus of claim 1. 20. An electron tomography apparatus comprising the apparatus of claim 1. | 1,600 |
342,857 | 16,642,600 | 1,658 | Disclosed are a method of manufacturing double vacuum glass and double vacuum glass manufactured by the method. The double vacuum glass includes: a plate-shaped base panel configured to form one side surface of the double vacuum glass; a plate-shaped cover panel configured to form the other side surface of the double vacuum glass; spacers configured to space the base panel and the cover panel apart from each other so that a space is formed between the base panel and the cover panel; strip members configured to couple the base panel and the cover panel that are spaced apart from each other by the spacers; and a sealer configured to seal a space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel outside the strip members. | 1. A method of manufacturing double vacuum glass, the method comprising:
a formation step of forming a plurality of spacers on a base panel in an integrated manner when the base panel is formed; a strip member formation step of providing strip members located inward from edges of the base panel and edges of a cover panel; a pin member provision step of locating a plurality of pin members on the strip member of the base panel; a pressing step of pressing the pin members, located on the strip member of the base panel, with the cover panel, provided with the strip member, from a location above the base panel; a pin member removal step of removing the pin members provided between the strip member of the base panel and the strip member of the cover panel; a sealing step of sealing a space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel outside the strip members by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel with a sealer in a gel state; a vacuum generation step of generating vacuum by discharging air between the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other; and a setting step of setting the sealer by applying heat to the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other. 2. A method of manufacturing double vacuum glass, the method comprising:
a formation step of forming a plurality of spacers on a base panel in an integrated manner when the base panel is formed; a strip member formation step of providing a strip member located inward from edges of the base panel; a pin member provision step of locating a plurality of pin members on the strip member of the base panel; a pin member support step of supporting the pin members by placing a separate strip member on the strip member of the base panel; a pressing step of pressing the separate strip member by covering the base panel with a cover panel from a location above the base panel; a pin member removal step of removing the pin members provided between the strip member of the base panel and the separate strip member; a sealing step of sealing a space between the edges of the base panel and edges of the cover panel outside the strip members by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel with a sealer in a gel state; a vacuum generation step of generating vacuum by discharging air between the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other; and a setting step of blocking vent holes and also setting the sealer by applying heat to the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the formation step further comprises a step of forming a support layer having a predetermined thickness on a surface of an end of each of the spacers formed on the base panel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the strip members that are superimposed on each other when the cover panel is placed on the top of the base panel is larger than a height of the spacers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressing step further comprises a provisional attachment step of provisionally attaching the strip member of the base panel and the strip member of the cover panel to each other by performing heating at a predetermined temperature and performing setting at a room temperature. 6. Double vacuum glass, comprising:
a base panel configured to form one side surface of the double vacuum glass, and formed in a plate shape; a cover panel configured to form a remaining side surface of the double vacuum glass, and formed in a plate shape; spacers configured to space the base panel and the cover panel apart from each other so that a space is formed between the base panel and the cover panel; strip members configured to couple the base panel and the cover panel that are spaced apart from each other by the spacers; and a sealer configured to seal a space between edges of the base panel and edges of the cover panel by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel outside the strip members. 7. The double vacuum glass of claim 6, wherein the spacers are formed using one of a method of forming protrusions on the base panel in an integrated manner by using a mold for the base panel, a method of forming protrusions on one surface of the base panel in an integrated manner by using an etching process, a method of forming protrusions on one surface of the base panel in an integrated manner by using a surface processing process, and a method of separately forming protrusions and then arranging the protrusions on one surface of the base panel. 8. The double vacuum glass of claim 6, wherein the sealer is also applied to side surfaces of the base panel and side surfaces of the cover panel. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the formation step further comprises a step of forming a support layer having a predetermined thickness on a surface of an end of each of the spacers formed on the base panel. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the strip members that are superimposed on each other when the cover panel is placed on the top of the base panel is larger than a height of the spacers. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the pressing step further comprises a provisional attachment step of provisionally attaching the strip member of the base panel and the strip member of the cover panel to each other by performing heating at a predetermined temperature and performing setting at a room temperature. | Disclosed are a method of manufacturing double vacuum glass and double vacuum glass manufactured by the method. The double vacuum glass includes: a plate-shaped base panel configured to form one side surface of the double vacuum glass; a plate-shaped cover panel configured to form the other side surface of the double vacuum glass; spacers configured to space the base panel and the cover panel apart from each other so that a space is formed between the base panel and the cover panel; strip members configured to couple the base panel and the cover panel that are spaced apart from each other by the spacers; and a sealer configured to seal a space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel outside the strip members.1. A method of manufacturing double vacuum glass, the method comprising:
a formation step of forming a plurality of spacers on a base panel in an integrated manner when the base panel is formed; a strip member formation step of providing strip members located inward from edges of the base panel and edges of a cover panel; a pin member provision step of locating a plurality of pin members on the strip member of the base panel; a pressing step of pressing the pin members, located on the strip member of the base panel, with the cover panel, provided with the strip member, from a location above the base panel; a pin member removal step of removing the pin members provided between the strip member of the base panel and the strip member of the cover panel; a sealing step of sealing a space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel outside the strip members by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel with a sealer in a gel state; a vacuum generation step of generating vacuum by discharging air between the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other; and a setting step of setting the sealer by applying heat to the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other. 2. A method of manufacturing double vacuum glass, the method comprising:
a formation step of forming a plurality of spacers on a base panel in an integrated manner when the base panel is formed; a strip member formation step of providing a strip member located inward from edges of the base panel; a pin member provision step of locating a plurality of pin members on the strip member of the base panel; a pin member support step of supporting the pin members by placing a separate strip member on the strip member of the base panel; a pressing step of pressing the separate strip member by covering the base panel with a cover panel from a location above the base panel; a pin member removal step of removing the pin members provided between the strip member of the base panel and the separate strip member; a sealing step of sealing a space between the edges of the base panel and edges of the cover panel outside the strip members by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel with a sealer in a gel state; a vacuum generation step of generating vacuum by discharging air between the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other; and a setting step of blocking vent holes and also setting the sealer by applying heat to the base panel and the cover panel that are superimposed on each other. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the formation step further comprises a step of forming a support layer having a predetermined thickness on a surface of an end of each of the spacers formed on the base panel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the strip members that are superimposed on each other when the cover panel is placed on the top of the base panel is larger than a height of the spacers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressing step further comprises a provisional attachment step of provisionally attaching the strip member of the base panel and the strip member of the cover panel to each other by performing heating at a predetermined temperature and performing setting at a room temperature. 6. Double vacuum glass, comprising:
a base panel configured to form one side surface of the double vacuum glass, and formed in a plate shape; a cover panel configured to form a remaining side surface of the double vacuum glass, and formed in a plate shape; spacers configured to space the base panel and the cover panel apart from each other so that a space is formed between the base panel and the cover panel; strip members configured to couple the base panel and the cover panel that are spaced apart from each other by the spacers; and a sealer configured to seal a space between edges of the base panel and edges of the cover panel by filling the space between the edges of the base panel and the edges of the cover panel outside the strip members. 7. The double vacuum glass of claim 6, wherein the spacers are formed using one of a method of forming protrusions on the base panel in an integrated manner by using a mold for the base panel, a method of forming protrusions on one surface of the base panel in an integrated manner by using an etching process, a method of forming protrusions on one surface of the base panel in an integrated manner by using a surface processing process, and a method of separately forming protrusions and then arranging the protrusions on one surface of the base panel. 8. The double vacuum glass of claim 6, wherein the sealer is also applied to side surfaces of the base panel and side surfaces of the cover panel. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the formation step further comprises a step of forming a support layer having a predetermined thickness on a surface of an end of each of the spacers formed on the base panel. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the strip members that are superimposed on each other when the cover panel is placed on the top of the base panel is larger than a height of the spacers. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the pressing step further comprises a provisional attachment step of provisionally attaching the strip member of the base panel and the strip member of the cover panel to each other by performing heating at a predetermined temperature and performing setting at a room temperature. | 1,600 |
342,858 | 16,642,617 | 2,816 | A microelectronic device may include a substrate, a first component, a second component, a slug, a heat spreader, and a heatsink. The substrate may include a plurality of electrically conductive elements. The first component may be coupled to the substrate. The second component may be coupled to the substrate. The slug may be thermally coupled to the second component. The heat spreader may be in contact with the substrate, where the heat spreader may be thermally coupled to the first component. The heatsink may be thermally coupled to the heat spreader and the slug. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A microelectronic device comprising:
a substrate including a plurality of electrically conductive elements; a first component coupled to the substrate; a second component coupled to the substrate; a slug thermally coupled to the second component; a heat spreader in contact with the substrate, the heat spreader thermally coupled to the first component; and a heatsink thermally coupled to the heat spreader and the slug. 27. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the slug. 28. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a third component thermally coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the heat spreader. 29. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate; and a second slug thermally coupled to the third component and to the heatsink. 30. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a sealant between the slug and the heat spreader. 31. The microelectronic device of claim 30, wherein the sealant is coupled to the first component and the substrate. 32. The microelectronic device of claim 30, wherein the sealant thermally couples the slug and the heat spreader. 33. The microelectronic device of claim 30, wherein the sealant substantially thermally isolates the slug and the heat spreader. 34. The microelectronic device of claim 26, wherein the heat spreader comprises a slug opening to receive the slug therein. 35. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a thermal interface layer between the heatsink and the heat spreader and between the heatsink and the slug. 36. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a second thermal interface layer that thermally couples the first component to the heat spreader; and a third thermal interface layer that thermally couples the second component to the slug. 37. The microelectronic device of claim 26, wherein the first component includes a first height from the substrate and the second component includes a second height from the substrate that is different from the first height. 38. A microelectronic system comprising:
a package comprising:
a substrate;
a first component supported by the substrate, the first component having a first height; and
a second component supported by the substrate, the second component having a second height different from the first height;
a slug thermally coupled to the second component; a thermally conductive frame in contact with the substrate, the heat thermally conductive frame coupled to the first component; and a heatsink thermally coupled to the thermally conductive frame and the slug. 39. The microelectronic device of claim 38, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the slug. 40. The microelectronic device of claim 38, further comprising:
a third component thermally coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the thermally conductive frame. 41. The microelectronic device of claim 38, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate; and a second slug thermally coupled to the third component and to the heatsink. 42. A method of assembling a microelectronic system, the method comprising:
coupling a first component and a second component separately to a substrate; applying a first thermal layer to the first component and a second thermal layer to the second component; coupling thermally, a heat spreader to the first component, the first thermal layer disposed between the heat spreader and the first component, such that the heat spreader contacts the substrate; coupling thermally, a slug to the second component, the second thermal layer disposed between the slug and the second component; applying a third thermal layer to the slug and the heat spreader; coupling thermally, a heatsink to the heat spreader and the slug, the third thermal layer disposed between the heatsink and the heat spreader and disposed between the heatsink and the slug. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:
coupling a third component to the substrate; applying a fourth thermal layer to the third component; and coupling thermally, a second slug to the third component, the fourth thermal layer disposed between the second slug and the third component. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
coupling a third component to the substrate; applying a fourth thermal layer to the third component; and coupling thermally, the slug to the third component, the fourth thermal layer disposed between the slug and the third component. 45. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
coupling a third component to the substrate; applying a fourth thermal layer to the third component; and coupling thermally, the heat spreader to the third component, the fourth thermal layer disposed between the heat spreader and the third component. 46. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
applying a sealant to the slug and the heat spreader. | A microelectronic device may include a substrate, a first component, a second component, a slug, a heat spreader, and a heatsink. The substrate may include a plurality of electrically conductive elements. The first component may be coupled to the substrate. The second component may be coupled to the substrate. The slug may be thermally coupled to the second component. The heat spreader may be in contact with the substrate, where the heat spreader may be thermally coupled to the first component. The heatsink may be thermally coupled to the heat spreader and the slug.1-25. (canceled) 26. A microelectronic device comprising:
a substrate including a plurality of electrically conductive elements; a first component coupled to the substrate; a second component coupled to the substrate; a slug thermally coupled to the second component; a heat spreader in contact with the substrate, the heat spreader thermally coupled to the first component; and a heatsink thermally coupled to the heat spreader and the slug. 27. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the slug. 28. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a third component thermally coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the heat spreader. 29. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate; and a second slug thermally coupled to the third component and to the heatsink. 30. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a sealant between the slug and the heat spreader. 31. The microelectronic device of claim 30, wherein the sealant is coupled to the first component and the substrate. 32. The microelectronic device of claim 30, wherein the sealant thermally couples the slug and the heat spreader. 33. The microelectronic device of claim 30, wherein the sealant substantially thermally isolates the slug and the heat spreader. 34. The microelectronic device of claim 26, wherein the heat spreader comprises a slug opening to receive the slug therein. 35. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a thermal interface layer between the heatsink and the heat spreader and between the heatsink and the slug. 36. The microelectronic device of claim 26, further comprising:
a second thermal interface layer that thermally couples the first component to the heat spreader; and a third thermal interface layer that thermally couples the second component to the slug. 37. The microelectronic device of claim 26, wherein the first component includes a first height from the substrate and the second component includes a second height from the substrate that is different from the first height. 38. A microelectronic system comprising:
a package comprising:
a substrate;
a first component supported by the substrate, the first component having a first height; and
a second component supported by the substrate, the second component having a second height different from the first height;
a slug thermally coupled to the second component; a thermally conductive frame in contact with the substrate, the heat thermally conductive frame coupled to the first component; and a heatsink thermally coupled to the thermally conductive frame and the slug. 39. The microelectronic device of claim 38, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the slug. 40. The microelectronic device of claim 38, further comprising:
a third component thermally coupled to the substrate and thermally coupled to the thermally conductive frame. 41. The microelectronic device of claim 38, further comprising:
a third component coupled to the substrate; and a second slug thermally coupled to the third component and to the heatsink. 42. A method of assembling a microelectronic system, the method comprising:
coupling a first component and a second component separately to a substrate; applying a first thermal layer to the first component and a second thermal layer to the second component; coupling thermally, a heat spreader to the first component, the first thermal layer disposed between the heat spreader and the first component, such that the heat spreader contacts the substrate; coupling thermally, a slug to the second component, the second thermal layer disposed between the slug and the second component; applying a third thermal layer to the slug and the heat spreader; coupling thermally, a heatsink to the heat spreader and the slug, the third thermal layer disposed between the heatsink and the heat spreader and disposed between the heatsink and the slug. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:
coupling a third component to the substrate; applying a fourth thermal layer to the third component; and coupling thermally, a second slug to the third component, the fourth thermal layer disposed between the second slug and the third component. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
coupling a third component to the substrate; applying a fourth thermal layer to the third component; and coupling thermally, the slug to the third component, the fourth thermal layer disposed between the slug and the third component. 45. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
coupling a third component to the substrate; applying a fourth thermal layer to the third component; and coupling thermally, the heat spreader to the third component, the fourth thermal layer disposed between the heat spreader and the third component. 46. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
applying a sealant to the slug and the heat spreader. | 2,800 |
342,859 | 16,642,584 | 2,816 | There is provided an array substrate including a plurality of pixel regions arranged in rows and columns. The plurality of pixel regions include a corresponding pixel electrode array and a corresponding pixel circuit associated with the corresponding pixel electrode array. Each of the pixel electrode arrays is arranged in rows and columns, and each pixel electrode array includes a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in an array. The array substrate further includes a plurality of sets of gate lines extending in a row direction and a plurality of sets of data lines extending in a column direction. The plurality of sets of gate lines and rows of the pixel electrode arrays are alternately arranged with each other in the column direction. The plurality of sets of data lines and columns of the pixel regions are alternately arranged with each other in the row direction. | 1. An array substrate comprising:
a plurality of pixel regions in rows and columns, wherein the plurality of pixel regions comprise a corresponding pixel electrode array and a corresponding pixel circuit associated with the corresponding pixel electrode array, wherein the pixel electrode arrays are in rows and columns, and wherein each pixel electrode array comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes in an array; a plurality of sets of gate lines extending in a row direction, wherein the plurality of sets of gate lines and rows of the pixel electrode arrays are alternately arranged with each other in a column direction intersecting with the row direction; and a plurality of sets of data lines extending in the column direction, wherein the plurality of sets of data lines and columns of the pixel regions are alternately arranged with each other in the row direction, wherein each pixel circuit is connected to a plurality of pixel electrodes of a corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays, a corresponding set of gate lines of the plurality of sets of gate lines, and a corresponding set of data lines of the plurality of sets of data lines. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein each pixel circuit comprises a corresponding plurality of first transistors, and wherein each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors comprises a gate electrode connected to a corresponding gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode configured to receive a signal from the corresponding data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays. 3. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the gate electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein the first electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different data lines of the corresponding set of data lines. 4. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes of each pixel electrode array are in an M×N array, wherein each set of gate lines comprises M gate lines, and wherein each set of data lines comprises N data lines, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 5. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes of each pixel electrode array are in an M×N array, wherein each set of gate lines comprises M gate lines, and wherein each set of data lines comprises N data lines, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is an integer greater than 1. 6. The array substrate according to claim 2, further comprising a set of multiplexed lines extending in the column direction, wherein each set of data lines comprises a corresponding single data line, wherein each pixel circuit comprises a plurality of pairs of transistors, and each pair of transistors comprises:
a first transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays; and a second transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one multiplexed line of the set of multiplexed lines, a first electrode connected to the single data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to the first electrode of the first transistor. 7. The array substrate according to claim 6,
wherein the gate electrodes of respective first transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein in each pixel region, the gate electrodes of the respective second transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different multiplexed lines of the set of multiplexed lines. 8. The array substrate according to claim 6,
wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes of each pixel electrode array are in an M×N array, wherein each set of gate lines comprises M gate lines, and wherein the set of multiplexed lines comprises N multiplexed lines. 9. The array substrate according to claim 1,
wherein each pixel region further comprises a corresponding plurality of electrode leads, and wherein each pixel circuit is connected to the corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays via the corresponding plurality of electrode leads. 10. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of electrode leads comprise a transparent conductive material. 11. The array substrate according to claim 10, wherein the transparent conductive material comprises indium tin oxide or indium zinc oxide. 12. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1. 13. A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 12. 14. The display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a lens array on a light exit side of the display panel, wherein the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and wherein a corresponding one of the plurality of lenses is opposite to a corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays. 15. The display panel according to claim 12,
wherein each pixel circuit comprises a corresponding plurality of first transistors, and wherein each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors comprises a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode configured to receive a signal from a corresponding one data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays. 16. The display panel according to claim 15,
wherein the gate electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein the first electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different data lines of the corresponding set of data lines. 17. The display panel according to claim 15, further comprising a set of multiplexed lines extending in the column direction, wherein each set of data lines comprises a corresponding single data line, wherein each pixel circuit comprises a plurality of pairs of transistors, and each pair of transistors comprises:
a first transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays; and a second transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one multiplexed line of the set of multiplexed lines, a first electrode connected to the single data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to the first electrode of the first transistor. 18. The display panel according to claim 17,
wherein the gate electrodes of respective first transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein in each pixel region, the gate electrodes of the respective second transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different multiplexed lines of the set of multiplexed lines. 19. The display panel according to claim 12,
wherein each pixel region further comprises a corresponding plurality of electrode leads, and wherein each pixel circuit is connected to the corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays via the corresponding plurality of electrode leads. 20. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the plurality of electrode leads comprise a transparent conductive material. | There is provided an array substrate including a plurality of pixel regions arranged in rows and columns. The plurality of pixel regions include a corresponding pixel electrode array and a corresponding pixel circuit associated with the corresponding pixel electrode array. Each of the pixel electrode arrays is arranged in rows and columns, and each pixel electrode array includes a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in an array. The array substrate further includes a plurality of sets of gate lines extending in a row direction and a plurality of sets of data lines extending in a column direction. The plurality of sets of gate lines and rows of the pixel electrode arrays are alternately arranged with each other in the column direction. The plurality of sets of data lines and columns of the pixel regions are alternately arranged with each other in the row direction.1. An array substrate comprising:
a plurality of pixel regions in rows and columns, wherein the plurality of pixel regions comprise a corresponding pixel electrode array and a corresponding pixel circuit associated with the corresponding pixel electrode array, wherein the pixel electrode arrays are in rows and columns, and wherein each pixel electrode array comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes in an array; a plurality of sets of gate lines extending in a row direction, wherein the plurality of sets of gate lines and rows of the pixel electrode arrays are alternately arranged with each other in a column direction intersecting with the row direction; and a plurality of sets of data lines extending in the column direction, wherein the plurality of sets of data lines and columns of the pixel regions are alternately arranged with each other in the row direction, wherein each pixel circuit is connected to a plurality of pixel electrodes of a corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays, a corresponding set of gate lines of the plurality of sets of gate lines, and a corresponding set of data lines of the plurality of sets of data lines. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein each pixel circuit comprises a corresponding plurality of first transistors, and wherein each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors comprises a gate electrode connected to a corresponding gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode configured to receive a signal from the corresponding data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays. 3. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the gate electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein the first electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different data lines of the corresponding set of data lines. 4. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes of each pixel electrode array are in an M×N array, wherein each set of gate lines comprises M gate lines, and wherein each set of data lines comprises N data lines, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 5. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes of each pixel electrode array are in an M×N array, wherein each set of gate lines comprises M gate lines, and wherein each set of data lines comprises N data lines, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is an integer greater than 1. 6. The array substrate according to claim 2, further comprising a set of multiplexed lines extending in the column direction, wherein each set of data lines comprises a corresponding single data line, wherein each pixel circuit comprises a plurality of pairs of transistors, and each pair of transistors comprises:
a first transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays; and a second transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one multiplexed line of the set of multiplexed lines, a first electrode connected to the single data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to the first electrode of the first transistor. 7. The array substrate according to claim 6,
wherein the gate electrodes of respective first transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein in each pixel region, the gate electrodes of the respective second transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different multiplexed lines of the set of multiplexed lines. 8. The array substrate according to claim 6,
wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes of each pixel electrode array are in an M×N array, wherein each set of gate lines comprises M gate lines, and wherein the set of multiplexed lines comprises N multiplexed lines. 9. The array substrate according to claim 1,
wherein each pixel region further comprises a corresponding plurality of electrode leads, and wherein each pixel circuit is connected to the corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays via the corresponding plurality of electrode leads. 10. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of electrode leads comprise a transparent conductive material. 11. The array substrate according to claim 10, wherein the transparent conductive material comprises indium tin oxide or indium zinc oxide. 12. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1. 13. A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 12. 14. The display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a lens array on a light exit side of the display panel, wherein the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and wherein a corresponding one of the plurality of lenses is opposite to a corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays. 15. The display panel according to claim 12,
wherein each pixel circuit comprises a corresponding plurality of first transistors, and wherein each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors comprises a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode configured to receive a signal from a corresponding one data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays. 16. The display panel according to claim 15,
wherein the gate electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein the first electrodes of different first transistors connected to the pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different data lines of the corresponding set of data lines. 17. The display panel according to claim 15, further comprising a set of multiplexed lines extending in the column direction, wherein each set of data lines comprises a corresponding single data line, wherein each pixel circuit comprises a plurality of pairs of transistors, and each pair of transistors comprises:
a first transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one gate line of the corresponding set of gate lines, a first electrode, and a second electrode connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays; and a second transistor comprising a gate electrode connected to a corresponding one multiplexed line of the set of multiplexed lines, a first electrode connected to the single data line of the corresponding set of data lines, and a second electrode connected to the first electrode of the first transistor. 18. The display panel according to claim 17,
wherein the gate electrodes of respective first transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different rows are connected to respective different gate lines of the corresponding set of gate lines, and wherein in each pixel region, the gate electrodes of the respective second transistors of different pairs of transistors connected to pixel electrodes in different columns are connected to respective different multiplexed lines of the set of multiplexed lines. 19. The display panel according to claim 12,
wherein each pixel region further comprises a corresponding plurality of electrode leads, and wherein each pixel circuit is connected to the corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes of the corresponding one of the pixel electrode arrays via the corresponding plurality of electrode leads. 20. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the plurality of electrode leads comprise a transparent conductive material. | 2,800 |
342,860 | 16,642,570 | 2,816 | A liquid crystal phase shifter is provided, and includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first base plate and a first electrode layer at a side of the first base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The second substrate includes a second base plate and a second electrode layer at a side of the second base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The first electrode layer includes a main body structure having a first side and a second side opposite to each other with respect to a length direction of the main body structure, and a plurality of branch structures connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising
a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises a first base plate and a first electrode layer at a side of the first base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate comprises a second base plate and a second electrode layer at a side of the second base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer; and the first electrode layer comprises a main body structure having a first side and a second side opposite to each other with respect to a length direction of the main body structure, and a plurality of branch structures connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure. 25. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the second electrode layer is in a peripheral region of the second base plate, and an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the first base plate partially overlaps an orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of branch structures on the first base plate. 26. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 25, wherein each of the first side and the second side of the main body structure is connected with the plurality of branch structures. 27. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 26, wherein the plurality of branch structures connected to the first side and the plurality of branch structures connected to the second side are symmetric about the main body structure. 28. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 27, wherein the second electrode layer comprises a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure;
an orthographic projection of the first conductive structure on the first base plate partially overlaps an orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of branch structures connected to the first side of the main body structure on the first base plate; and an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first base plate partially overlaps an orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of branch structures connected to the second side of the main body structure on the first base plate. 29. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 28, wherein the first electrode layer is a microstrip, and a ground electrode is at a side of the first base plate distal to the liquid crystal layer. 30. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 29, wherein the first and second conductive structures are connected to conductive terminals of the ground electrode through conductive wires, respectively, and at least one of a resistivity and an inductance of each of the conductive wires is less than a corresponding one of a resistivity and an inductance of an ITO material. 31. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 28, wherein the first and second conductive structures are both plate electrodes. 32. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein only one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure is connected with the plurality of branch structures, and the second electrode layer is at only one side of the second base plate corresponding to the plurality of branch structures. 33. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 32, wherein the second electrode layer is a plate electrode. 34. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 32, wherein the first electrode layer is a microstrip, and a ground electrode is at a side of the first base plate distal to the liquid crystal layer. 35. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 34, wherein the second electrode layer is connected to a conductive terminal of the ground electrode through a conductive wire, and at least one of a resistivity and an inductance of the conductive wire is less than a corresponding one of a resistivity and an inductance of an ITO material. 36. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the plurality of branch structures at a same side of the main body structure have a same shaper; and
wherein every adjacent two of the plurality of branch structures at the same side have a same distance therebetween. 37. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the main body structure and the plurality of branch structures at either of the first and second sides are an integrally formed structure; and
wherein a material of the first substrate comprises at least one of glass, ceramic and high-purity quartz glass. 38. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises positive liquid crystal molecules, and an angle between a long axis direction of each of the positive liquid crystal molecules and a plane where the first base plate is located is greater than 0 degree and equal to or less than 45 degrees; or
wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises negative liquid crystal molecules, and an angle between a long axis direction of each of the negative liquid crystal molecules and a plane where the first base plate is located is greater than 45 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees. 39. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the main body structure of the first electrode layer comprises an impedance matching region, which is triangular or trapezoidal in a plan view, and is configured to make impedances of portions of the first electrode layer match to each other. 40. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein a thickness of a portion of the liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is in a range of 5 microns to 20 microns. 41. A liquid crystal antenna, comprising the liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24. 42. A communication apparatus, comprising the liquid crystal antenna according to claim 41. 43. A method for operating a liquid crystal phase shifter, wherein the liquid crystal phase shifter is the liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, and the method comprises
applying a first voltage to the first electrode layer; and applying a second voltage different from the first voltage to the second electrode layer to generate an electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, such that long axes of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to a direction of the electric field. | A liquid crystal phase shifter is provided, and includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first base plate and a first electrode layer at a side of the first base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The second substrate includes a second base plate and a second electrode layer at a side of the second base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The first electrode layer includes a main body structure having a first side and a second side opposite to each other with respect to a length direction of the main body structure, and a plurality of branch structures connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure.1-23. (canceled) 24. A liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising
a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises a first base plate and a first electrode layer at a side of the first base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate comprises a second base plate and a second electrode layer at a side of the second base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer; and the first electrode layer comprises a main body structure having a first side and a second side opposite to each other with respect to a length direction of the main body structure, and a plurality of branch structures connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure. 25. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the second electrode layer is in a peripheral region of the second base plate, and an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the first base plate partially overlaps an orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of branch structures on the first base plate. 26. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 25, wherein each of the first side and the second side of the main body structure is connected with the plurality of branch structures. 27. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 26, wherein the plurality of branch structures connected to the first side and the plurality of branch structures connected to the second side are symmetric about the main body structure. 28. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 27, wherein the second electrode layer comprises a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure;
an orthographic projection of the first conductive structure on the first base plate partially overlaps an orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of branch structures connected to the first side of the main body structure on the first base plate; and an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first base plate partially overlaps an orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of branch structures connected to the second side of the main body structure on the first base plate. 29. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 28, wherein the first electrode layer is a microstrip, and a ground electrode is at a side of the first base plate distal to the liquid crystal layer. 30. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 29, wherein the first and second conductive structures are connected to conductive terminals of the ground electrode through conductive wires, respectively, and at least one of a resistivity and an inductance of each of the conductive wires is less than a corresponding one of a resistivity and an inductance of an ITO material. 31. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 28, wherein the first and second conductive structures are both plate electrodes. 32. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein only one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure is connected with the plurality of branch structures, and the second electrode layer is at only one side of the second base plate corresponding to the plurality of branch structures. 33. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 32, wherein the second electrode layer is a plate electrode. 34. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 32, wherein the first electrode layer is a microstrip, and a ground electrode is at a side of the first base plate distal to the liquid crystal layer. 35. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 34, wherein the second electrode layer is connected to a conductive terminal of the ground electrode through a conductive wire, and at least one of a resistivity and an inductance of the conductive wire is less than a corresponding one of a resistivity and an inductance of an ITO material. 36. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the plurality of branch structures at a same side of the main body structure have a same shaper; and
wherein every adjacent two of the plurality of branch structures at the same side have a same distance therebetween. 37. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the main body structure and the plurality of branch structures at either of the first and second sides are an integrally formed structure; and
wherein a material of the first substrate comprises at least one of glass, ceramic and high-purity quartz glass. 38. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises positive liquid crystal molecules, and an angle between a long axis direction of each of the positive liquid crystal molecules and a plane where the first base plate is located is greater than 0 degree and equal to or less than 45 degrees; or
wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises negative liquid crystal molecules, and an angle between a long axis direction of each of the negative liquid crystal molecules and a plane where the first base plate is located is greater than 45 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees. 39. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein the main body structure of the first electrode layer comprises an impedance matching region, which is triangular or trapezoidal in a plan view, and is configured to make impedances of portions of the first electrode layer match to each other. 40. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, wherein a thickness of a portion of the liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is in a range of 5 microns to 20 microns. 41. A liquid crystal antenna, comprising the liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24. 42. A communication apparatus, comprising the liquid crystal antenna according to claim 41. 43. A method for operating a liquid crystal phase shifter, wherein the liquid crystal phase shifter is the liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 24, and the method comprises
applying a first voltage to the first electrode layer; and applying a second voltage different from the first voltage to the second electrode layer to generate an electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, such that long axes of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to a direction of the electric field. | 2,800 |
342,861 | 16,642,568 | 2,816 | Provided herein are devices useful in processing fat for fat grafting and for delivering fat tissue grafts to a patient. Also provided are devices and methods for fat grafting and for treatment of plantar fasciitis. | 1. A fat grafting device, comprising:
a rotatable internal body having a lumen, an axis of rotation, a first end comprising a central outlet from the lumen, a porous wall configured to retain fat tissue or cells within the lumen and pass liquids through the wall, and a second end opposite the first end, having an opening; an external body surrounding and rotatably retaining the internal body, the external body having a first end comprising a cannula adaptor, such as a Luer adaptor, aligned with and optionally surrounding at least a portion of the central outlet of the internal body, and a second end opposite the first end, having an opening; a piston slidably disposed within the internal body and having a peripheral seal engaging an inner surface of the porous wall of the internal body; an internal plunger body attached to the piston and defining a central cavity; an external plunger body rotatably retaining the internal plunger body and disposed at the second end of the external body; and a drive assembly attached to the internal plunger body and comprising within the internal plunger body, either: a cylindrical plunger having spiral threads, a ratchet configured to engage the spiral threads of the plunger, and a retainer attached to the internal plunger body configured to engage the ratchet, or spiral threads on an inside surface of the internal plunger body, a plunger, and a ratchet affixed to the plunger so as to rotate in only one direction, the ratchet engaging the spiral threads on the inside surface of the internal plunger body, wherein the piston engages the internal body, so that when the internal plunger body and piston is rotated, the internal body rotates. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the drive assembly comprises a cylindrical plunger having spiral threads, a ratchet configured to engage the spiral threads of the plunger, and a retainer attached to the internal plunger body configured to engage the ratchet. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the retainer only engages the ratchet when the ratchet is rotated in one direction. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the ratchet and retainer engage and thereby rotate the internal plunger body in a first direction when the cylindrical plunger is moved axially in a direction towards the external body and disengage when the cylindrical plunger is moved axially in a direction away from the external body. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the drive assembly comprises a plunger, and a ratchet affixed to the plunger and configured to rotate in one direction and engaging spiral threads on an inside surface of the internal plunger body. 6. The device claim 1, further comprising a compression spring biasing the plunger in a direction opposite the central cannula adaptor. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the external body further comprises a drain outlet. 8. The device of claim 1, the wall of the internal body having an outer surface, and comprising a pattern of one or more porous areas and one or more non-porous areas, the device further comprising a movable shield external to and contacting the outer surface of the wall of the internal body, wherein the shield is configured to move from a closed position, that blocks the one or more porous areas of the internal body, thereby restricting passage of air into the internal body through the pores during aspiration of fat through a cannula attached to the cannula adaptor, and restricting passage of cells through the pores during fat injection through a cannula attached to the cannula adaptor, to an open position that permits passage of liquid through the one or more porous areas when the internal body is spun. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the wall of the internal body comprises two, three, four, five, or six evenly-spaced porous areas that extend axially along the wall of the internal body, and the shield comprises an equal number of shield portions separated by gaps, aligning with and being the same size or larger than the porous areas of the internal body, and covering the porous areas in a first rotation position about the internal body, and uncovering the porous areas in a second rotation position about the internal body. 10. A guide device adapted to a human foot, for use in identifying one or more plantar fascia landmarks, comprising:
a support member, comprising: a curved first portion adapted to or configured to receive a posterior surface of a heel, for example with a major surface on the inside of the curve, and having a lateral and a medial end; a second portion connected to and extending in an anterior direction from the medial end of the first portion, optionally having a major surface facing laterally or adapted to or configured to a medial side of a foot extending from the heel to the arch of the foot; a third portion connected to and extending from an anterior end of the second portion, adapted to or configured to the arch of a foot, e.g. comprising a twist in which the major surface of the support member rotates from facing in a lateral direction towards a side of the foot to facing in a superior direction towards the plantar surface of the foot; and a fourth portion connected to an end of the third portion opposite the second portion and extending towards toes of a foot, in an anterior direction from the third portion and optionally having a first major surface adapted to or configured to face a plantar surface of a foot, e.g. facing in a superior; a heel guide adapted to or configured to cross a plantar surface of a heel, e.g., extending laterally from an inferior side of the first or second portion of the support member, and optionally wherein the heel guide is arcuate with an anterior concave side; and a guide member strip having a first end attached to the heel guide and a second end fastened to the fourth portion of the support member and defining a guide opening adapted to or configured to center over a landmark of the plantar fascia when the guide member is aligned over the planter fascia, optionally, with the guide member strip passing over the distal metatarsal head and calcaneus bone, wherein the landmark is an injection site on the plantar fascia. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the guide member strip is reversibly fastened with a fastener, such as a screw, pin, or clamp, to the heel guide and/or the fourth portion of the support member so that the orientation of the guide member strip is adjustable. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the heel guide and/or the fourth portion of the support member comprises holes or slots adapted to reversibly engage one of the fasteners. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the support member further includes a medial injection guide configured to guide medial injection into the plantar fascia. 14. A method of separating live fat cells and tissue from liquids, comprising:
drawing live fat cells or fat tissue into the internal body of the device of claim 1 by moving the piston axially away from the first end of the external body; rotating the internal body of the device by moving the cylindrical plunger in an axial direction relative to the ratchet, thereby rotating the ratchet; and ejecting the fat cells or tissue from the internal body by moving the piston axially toward the first end of the external body. 15. A method of grafting live fat cells and tissue in a patient, comprising:
drawing live fat cells or fat tissue through a cannula and into the internal body of the device of claim 1 by moving the piston axially away from the first end of the external body; rotating the internal body of the device by moving the cylindrical plunger in an axial direction relative to the ratchet, thereby rotating the ratchet; and injecting the fat cells or tissue from the internal body by moving the piston axially toward the first end of the external body. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the patient has plantar fasciitis in a plantar fascia, and the fat cells are injected a plurality of times into the plantar fascia, e.g., in a pattern along the plantar fascia, thereby improving one or more symptom of plantar fasciitis in the patient, such as reducing pain, reducing inflammation of the plantar fascia, or reducing thickness of the plantar fascia. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, fitting a guide device to a foot of the patient prior to injecting the fat cells or tissue, and guiding injection of the fat cells or tissue into the plantar fascia with a guide opening of the guide member strip, the guide device comprising:
a support member, comprising: a curved first portion adapted to or configured to receive a posterior surface of a heel, for example with a major surface on the inside of the curve, and having a lateral and a medial end; a second portion connected to and extending in an anterior direction from the medial end of the first portion, optionally having a major surface facing laterally or adapted to or configured to a medial side of a foot extending from the heel to the arch of the foot; a third portion connected to and extending from an anterior end of the second portion, adapted to or configured to the arch of a foot, e.g., comprising a twist in which the major surface of the support member rotates from facing in a lateral direction towards a side of the foot to facing in a superior direction towards the plantar surface of the foot; and a fourth portion connected to an end of the third portion opposite the second portion and extending towards toes of a foot, in an anterior direction from the third portion and optionally having a first major surface adapted to or configured to face a plantar surface of a foot, e.g., facing in a superior; a heel guide adapted to or configured to cross a plantar surface of a heel, e.g., extending laterally from an inferior side of the first or second portion of the support member, and optionally wherein the heel guide is accurate with an anterior concave side; and a guide member strip having a first end attached to the heel guide and a second end fastened to the fourth portion of the support member and defining a guide opening adapted to or configured to center of a landmark of the plantar fascia when the guide member is aligned over the plantar fascia, optionally with the guide member strip passing over the distal metatarsal head and calcaneus bone, wherein the landmark is an injection site on the plantar fascia. 18. The method of claim 17, comprising drawing an outline of a guide opening of the guide member strip on the foot and removing the guide device from the foot prior to injection of the fat cells or fat tissue. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the fat cells or fat tissue are autologous to the patient into which the fat cells or fat tissue are injected. 20. A method of treating plantar fasciitis in a patient, comprising injecting fat cells into the plantar fascia of the patient in an amount effective to treat plantar fasciitis in a patient. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the injection of fat cells reduce inflammation, pain, or plantar fascia thickness associated with plantar fasciitis in the patient. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the fat cells are injected at more than one location in a plantar fascia of a patient. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the injection of fat cells is repeated on different days. | Provided herein are devices useful in processing fat for fat grafting and for delivering fat tissue grafts to a patient. Also provided are devices and methods for fat grafting and for treatment of plantar fasciitis.1. A fat grafting device, comprising:
a rotatable internal body having a lumen, an axis of rotation, a first end comprising a central outlet from the lumen, a porous wall configured to retain fat tissue or cells within the lumen and pass liquids through the wall, and a second end opposite the first end, having an opening; an external body surrounding and rotatably retaining the internal body, the external body having a first end comprising a cannula adaptor, such as a Luer adaptor, aligned with and optionally surrounding at least a portion of the central outlet of the internal body, and a second end opposite the first end, having an opening; a piston slidably disposed within the internal body and having a peripheral seal engaging an inner surface of the porous wall of the internal body; an internal plunger body attached to the piston and defining a central cavity; an external plunger body rotatably retaining the internal plunger body and disposed at the second end of the external body; and a drive assembly attached to the internal plunger body and comprising within the internal plunger body, either: a cylindrical plunger having spiral threads, a ratchet configured to engage the spiral threads of the plunger, and a retainer attached to the internal plunger body configured to engage the ratchet, or spiral threads on an inside surface of the internal plunger body, a plunger, and a ratchet affixed to the plunger so as to rotate in only one direction, the ratchet engaging the spiral threads on the inside surface of the internal plunger body, wherein the piston engages the internal body, so that when the internal plunger body and piston is rotated, the internal body rotates. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the drive assembly comprises a cylindrical plunger having spiral threads, a ratchet configured to engage the spiral threads of the plunger, and a retainer attached to the internal plunger body configured to engage the ratchet. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the retainer only engages the ratchet when the ratchet is rotated in one direction. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the ratchet and retainer engage and thereby rotate the internal plunger body in a first direction when the cylindrical plunger is moved axially in a direction towards the external body and disengage when the cylindrical plunger is moved axially in a direction away from the external body. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the drive assembly comprises a plunger, and a ratchet affixed to the plunger and configured to rotate in one direction and engaging spiral threads on an inside surface of the internal plunger body. 6. The device claim 1, further comprising a compression spring biasing the plunger in a direction opposite the central cannula adaptor. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the external body further comprises a drain outlet. 8. The device of claim 1, the wall of the internal body having an outer surface, and comprising a pattern of one or more porous areas and one or more non-porous areas, the device further comprising a movable shield external to and contacting the outer surface of the wall of the internal body, wherein the shield is configured to move from a closed position, that blocks the one or more porous areas of the internal body, thereby restricting passage of air into the internal body through the pores during aspiration of fat through a cannula attached to the cannula adaptor, and restricting passage of cells through the pores during fat injection through a cannula attached to the cannula adaptor, to an open position that permits passage of liquid through the one or more porous areas when the internal body is spun. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the wall of the internal body comprises two, three, four, five, or six evenly-spaced porous areas that extend axially along the wall of the internal body, and the shield comprises an equal number of shield portions separated by gaps, aligning with and being the same size or larger than the porous areas of the internal body, and covering the porous areas in a first rotation position about the internal body, and uncovering the porous areas in a second rotation position about the internal body. 10. A guide device adapted to a human foot, for use in identifying one or more plantar fascia landmarks, comprising:
a support member, comprising: a curved first portion adapted to or configured to receive a posterior surface of a heel, for example with a major surface on the inside of the curve, and having a lateral and a medial end; a second portion connected to and extending in an anterior direction from the medial end of the first portion, optionally having a major surface facing laterally or adapted to or configured to a medial side of a foot extending from the heel to the arch of the foot; a third portion connected to and extending from an anterior end of the second portion, adapted to or configured to the arch of a foot, e.g. comprising a twist in which the major surface of the support member rotates from facing in a lateral direction towards a side of the foot to facing in a superior direction towards the plantar surface of the foot; and a fourth portion connected to an end of the third portion opposite the second portion and extending towards toes of a foot, in an anterior direction from the third portion and optionally having a first major surface adapted to or configured to face a plantar surface of a foot, e.g. facing in a superior; a heel guide adapted to or configured to cross a plantar surface of a heel, e.g., extending laterally from an inferior side of the first or second portion of the support member, and optionally wherein the heel guide is arcuate with an anterior concave side; and a guide member strip having a first end attached to the heel guide and a second end fastened to the fourth portion of the support member and defining a guide opening adapted to or configured to center over a landmark of the plantar fascia when the guide member is aligned over the planter fascia, optionally, with the guide member strip passing over the distal metatarsal head and calcaneus bone, wherein the landmark is an injection site on the plantar fascia. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the guide member strip is reversibly fastened with a fastener, such as a screw, pin, or clamp, to the heel guide and/or the fourth portion of the support member so that the orientation of the guide member strip is adjustable. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the heel guide and/or the fourth portion of the support member comprises holes or slots adapted to reversibly engage one of the fasteners. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the support member further includes a medial injection guide configured to guide medial injection into the plantar fascia. 14. A method of separating live fat cells and tissue from liquids, comprising:
drawing live fat cells or fat tissue into the internal body of the device of claim 1 by moving the piston axially away from the first end of the external body; rotating the internal body of the device by moving the cylindrical plunger in an axial direction relative to the ratchet, thereby rotating the ratchet; and ejecting the fat cells or tissue from the internal body by moving the piston axially toward the first end of the external body. 15. A method of grafting live fat cells and tissue in a patient, comprising:
drawing live fat cells or fat tissue through a cannula and into the internal body of the device of claim 1 by moving the piston axially away from the first end of the external body; rotating the internal body of the device by moving the cylindrical plunger in an axial direction relative to the ratchet, thereby rotating the ratchet; and injecting the fat cells or tissue from the internal body by moving the piston axially toward the first end of the external body. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the patient has plantar fasciitis in a plantar fascia, and the fat cells are injected a plurality of times into the plantar fascia, e.g., in a pattern along the plantar fascia, thereby improving one or more symptom of plantar fasciitis in the patient, such as reducing pain, reducing inflammation of the plantar fascia, or reducing thickness of the plantar fascia. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, fitting a guide device to a foot of the patient prior to injecting the fat cells or tissue, and guiding injection of the fat cells or tissue into the plantar fascia with a guide opening of the guide member strip, the guide device comprising:
a support member, comprising: a curved first portion adapted to or configured to receive a posterior surface of a heel, for example with a major surface on the inside of the curve, and having a lateral and a medial end; a second portion connected to and extending in an anterior direction from the medial end of the first portion, optionally having a major surface facing laterally or adapted to or configured to a medial side of a foot extending from the heel to the arch of the foot; a third portion connected to and extending from an anterior end of the second portion, adapted to or configured to the arch of a foot, e.g., comprising a twist in which the major surface of the support member rotates from facing in a lateral direction towards a side of the foot to facing in a superior direction towards the plantar surface of the foot; and a fourth portion connected to an end of the third portion opposite the second portion and extending towards toes of a foot, in an anterior direction from the third portion and optionally having a first major surface adapted to or configured to face a plantar surface of a foot, e.g., facing in a superior; a heel guide adapted to or configured to cross a plantar surface of a heel, e.g., extending laterally from an inferior side of the first or second portion of the support member, and optionally wherein the heel guide is accurate with an anterior concave side; and a guide member strip having a first end attached to the heel guide and a second end fastened to the fourth portion of the support member and defining a guide opening adapted to or configured to center of a landmark of the plantar fascia when the guide member is aligned over the plantar fascia, optionally with the guide member strip passing over the distal metatarsal head and calcaneus bone, wherein the landmark is an injection site on the plantar fascia. 18. The method of claim 17, comprising drawing an outline of a guide opening of the guide member strip on the foot and removing the guide device from the foot prior to injection of the fat cells or fat tissue. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the fat cells or fat tissue are autologous to the patient into which the fat cells or fat tissue are injected. 20. A method of treating plantar fasciitis in a patient, comprising injecting fat cells into the plantar fascia of the patient in an amount effective to treat plantar fasciitis in a patient. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the injection of fat cells reduce inflammation, pain, or plantar fascia thickness associated with plantar fasciitis in the patient. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the fat cells are injected at more than one location in a plantar fascia of a patient. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the injection of fat cells is repeated on different days. | 2,800 |
342,862 | 16,642,578 | 2,816 | A cartridge for an aerosol provision device comprises a chamber for containing a liquid from which a flow of aerosol for inhalation by a user is generated. The cartridge comprises a first connector arrangement for releasably connecting the cartridge to a body portion of the device, and a second connector arrangement for releasably connecting to a container for a material. In use, aerosol flows through the material in the container before being inhaled by the user. The first connector arrangement is configurable in a locked configuration and in an un-locked configuration, and the first connector arrangement must be configured in the un-locked configuration for the cartridge to be removeable from the body portion. The first connector arrangement is configurable from the locked configuration to the un-locked configuration while the cartridge remains stationary with respect to the body portion. | 1. A cartridge for an aerosol provision device for generating a flow of aerosol for inhalation by a user, the cartridge comprising:
a chamber for containing a liquid from which, in use, the aerosol provision device generates the flow of aerosol; a first connector arrangement for releasably connecting the cartridge to a body portion of the aerosol provision device; a second connector arrangement for releasably connecting the cartridge to a container for a material so that, in use, the flow of aerosol generated by the aerosol provision device flows through the material in the container before being inhaled by the user; wherein the first connector arrangement is configurable in a locked configuration and in an un-locked configuration and wherein the first connector arrangement must be configured in the un-locked configuration in order for the cartridge to be removeable from the body portion of the aerosol provision device, and wherein the first connector arrangement is configured such that the first connector arrangement can be configured from the locked configuration to the unlocked configuration while the cartridge remains stationary with respect to the body portion. 2. A cartridge according to claim 1 wherein when the cartridge is connected to the body portion, configuring the first connector arrangement in the unlocked configuration enables the cartridge to be pulled free of the body portion. 3. A cartridge according to claim 2 wherein the first connector arrangement comprises a first element for interacting with a complementary second element on the body portion when the first connector arrangement is in the locked configuration. 4. A cartridge according to claim 3 wherein the first connector arrangement may be configured in the unlocked configuration by moving the first element with respect to the second element. 5. A cartridge according to claim 3 wherein the first connector arrangement further comprises a third element for interacting with a complementary fourth element on the body portion when the first connector arrangement is in the locked configuration. 6. A cartridge according to claim 5 wherein the first connector arrangement may be configured in the unlocked configuration by:
moving the first element with respect to the second element; and
moving the third element with respect to the fourth element. 7. A cartridge according to claim 5 wherein the first element and the third element are situated on opposite sides of a circumference of a distal end of the cartridge. 8. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first connector arrangement is located at a distal end of the cartridge and the second connector arrangement is located at a proximal end of the cartridge and the cartridge is tapered from the distal end to the proximal end such that the cross-sectional area of the proximal end is less than the cross-sectional area of the distal end. 9. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 8 wherein the second connector arrangement allows the container to be attached to/detached from the cartridge by pushing/pulling the container and the cartridge together/apart. 10. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the second connector arrangement comprises a recess in the cartridge into which the container for a material is inserted. 11. A cartridge according to claim 10 wherein the container comprises at least one first surface formation which interfaces with an interior surface of the recess of the cartridge. 12. A cartridge according to claim 10 or claim 11 wherein the recess comprises an interior surface comprising at least one second surface formation which interfaces with the container. 13. A cartridge according to claim 11 or claim 12 wherein the container comprises at least two first surface formations which interact with an interior surface of the recess of the cartridge. 14. A cartridge according to claim 13 wherein the container comprises at least three first surface formations which interact with an interior surface of the recess of the cartridge. 15. A cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 14 wherein at least one of the at least one first surface formations is a first ridge and at least one of the at least one second surface formations is a corresponding first groove and the first ridge interacts with the corresponding first groove to hold the container in the recess and provide a substantially airtight seal. 16. A cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 15 wherein at least one of the at least one second surface formations is a second ridge and at least one of the at least one first surface formations is a corresponding second groove and the second ridge interacts with the corresponding second groove to hold the container in the recess and provide a substantially airtight seal. 17. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 16 wherein the container is part of a mouthpiece assembly, and wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
a first housing for being received, in use, in a mouth of a user;
a second housing for containing a material through which, in use, an aerosol generated by the aerosol provision device flows before passing out of the mouthpiece assembly for inhalation by the user; and
wherein the first housing and the second housing are connected together to form the mouthpiece assembly. 18. An aerosol provision device comprising a cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 17, a device body, and a container for a material. 19. An aerosol provision device according to claim 18 wherein the container for a material is part of a mouthpiece assembly, and wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
a first housing for being received, in use, in a mouth of a user;
a second housing for containing a material through which, in use, an aerosol generated by the aerosol provision device flows before passing out of the mouthpiece assembly for inhalation by the user; and
wherein the first housing and the second housing are connected together to form the mouthpiece assembly and the mouthpiece assembly is configured to be releasably connectable to the cartridge via the second connector arrangement. 20. A method of using an aerosol provision device according to claim 18 or claim 19 comprising the steps of:
attaching the cartridge to the device body via the first connector arrangement;
configuring the first connector arrangement in a locked configuration; and
attaching the container for a material to the cartridge via the second connector arrangement. 21. A method according to claim 20 wherein the step of attaching the cartridge to the device body comprises pushing the cartridge and the device body together until the first connector arrangement enters the locked configuration. 22. A method according to claim 20 or claim 21 wherein the step of attaching the container to the cartridge comprises push-fitting the container to the cartridge. 23. A method according to any of claims 20 to 22 further comprising the step of detaching the container from the cartridge while the cartridge remains attached to the device body in the locked configuration. 24. A method according to any of claims 20 to 23 further comprising the steps of:
configuring the first connector arrangement in the unlocked configuration; and
detaching the cartridge from the device body. | A cartridge for an aerosol provision device comprises a chamber for containing a liquid from which a flow of aerosol for inhalation by a user is generated. The cartridge comprises a first connector arrangement for releasably connecting the cartridge to a body portion of the device, and a second connector arrangement for releasably connecting to a container for a material. In use, aerosol flows through the material in the container before being inhaled by the user. The first connector arrangement is configurable in a locked configuration and in an un-locked configuration, and the first connector arrangement must be configured in the un-locked configuration for the cartridge to be removeable from the body portion. The first connector arrangement is configurable from the locked configuration to the un-locked configuration while the cartridge remains stationary with respect to the body portion.1. A cartridge for an aerosol provision device for generating a flow of aerosol for inhalation by a user, the cartridge comprising:
a chamber for containing a liquid from which, in use, the aerosol provision device generates the flow of aerosol; a first connector arrangement for releasably connecting the cartridge to a body portion of the aerosol provision device; a second connector arrangement for releasably connecting the cartridge to a container for a material so that, in use, the flow of aerosol generated by the aerosol provision device flows through the material in the container before being inhaled by the user; wherein the first connector arrangement is configurable in a locked configuration and in an un-locked configuration and wherein the first connector arrangement must be configured in the un-locked configuration in order for the cartridge to be removeable from the body portion of the aerosol provision device, and wherein the first connector arrangement is configured such that the first connector arrangement can be configured from the locked configuration to the unlocked configuration while the cartridge remains stationary with respect to the body portion. 2. A cartridge according to claim 1 wherein when the cartridge is connected to the body portion, configuring the first connector arrangement in the unlocked configuration enables the cartridge to be pulled free of the body portion. 3. A cartridge according to claim 2 wherein the first connector arrangement comprises a first element for interacting with a complementary second element on the body portion when the first connector arrangement is in the locked configuration. 4. A cartridge according to claim 3 wherein the first connector arrangement may be configured in the unlocked configuration by moving the first element with respect to the second element. 5. A cartridge according to claim 3 wherein the first connector arrangement further comprises a third element for interacting with a complementary fourth element on the body portion when the first connector arrangement is in the locked configuration. 6. A cartridge according to claim 5 wherein the first connector arrangement may be configured in the unlocked configuration by:
moving the first element with respect to the second element; and
moving the third element with respect to the fourth element. 7. A cartridge according to claim 5 wherein the first element and the third element are situated on opposite sides of a circumference of a distal end of the cartridge. 8. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first connector arrangement is located at a distal end of the cartridge and the second connector arrangement is located at a proximal end of the cartridge and the cartridge is tapered from the distal end to the proximal end such that the cross-sectional area of the proximal end is less than the cross-sectional area of the distal end. 9. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 8 wherein the second connector arrangement allows the container to be attached to/detached from the cartridge by pushing/pulling the container and the cartridge together/apart. 10. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the second connector arrangement comprises a recess in the cartridge into which the container for a material is inserted. 11. A cartridge according to claim 10 wherein the container comprises at least one first surface formation which interfaces with an interior surface of the recess of the cartridge. 12. A cartridge according to claim 10 or claim 11 wherein the recess comprises an interior surface comprising at least one second surface formation which interfaces with the container. 13. A cartridge according to claim 11 or claim 12 wherein the container comprises at least two first surface formations which interact with an interior surface of the recess of the cartridge. 14. A cartridge according to claim 13 wherein the container comprises at least three first surface formations which interact with an interior surface of the recess of the cartridge. 15. A cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 14 wherein at least one of the at least one first surface formations is a first ridge and at least one of the at least one second surface formations is a corresponding first groove and the first ridge interacts with the corresponding first groove to hold the container in the recess and provide a substantially airtight seal. 16. A cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 15 wherein at least one of the at least one second surface formations is a second ridge and at least one of the at least one first surface formations is a corresponding second groove and the second ridge interacts with the corresponding second groove to hold the container in the recess and provide a substantially airtight seal. 17. A cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 16 wherein the container is part of a mouthpiece assembly, and wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
a first housing for being received, in use, in a mouth of a user;
a second housing for containing a material through which, in use, an aerosol generated by the aerosol provision device flows before passing out of the mouthpiece assembly for inhalation by the user; and
wherein the first housing and the second housing are connected together to form the mouthpiece assembly. 18. An aerosol provision device comprising a cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 17, a device body, and a container for a material. 19. An aerosol provision device according to claim 18 wherein the container for a material is part of a mouthpiece assembly, and wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
a first housing for being received, in use, in a mouth of a user;
a second housing for containing a material through which, in use, an aerosol generated by the aerosol provision device flows before passing out of the mouthpiece assembly for inhalation by the user; and
wherein the first housing and the second housing are connected together to form the mouthpiece assembly and the mouthpiece assembly is configured to be releasably connectable to the cartridge via the second connector arrangement. 20. A method of using an aerosol provision device according to claim 18 or claim 19 comprising the steps of:
attaching the cartridge to the device body via the first connector arrangement;
configuring the first connector arrangement in a locked configuration; and
attaching the container for a material to the cartridge via the second connector arrangement. 21. A method according to claim 20 wherein the step of attaching the cartridge to the device body comprises pushing the cartridge and the device body together until the first connector arrangement enters the locked configuration. 22. A method according to claim 20 or claim 21 wherein the step of attaching the container to the cartridge comprises push-fitting the container to the cartridge. 23. A method according to any of claims 20 to 22 further comprising the step of detaching the container from the cartridge while the cartridge remains attached to the device body in the locked configuration. 24. A method according to any of claims 20 to 23 further comprising the steps of:
configuring the first connector arrangement in the unlocked configuration; and
detaching the cartridge from the device body. | 2,800 |
342,863 | 16,642,561 | 2,816 | Technologies for monitoring a health-risk condition of a user include a virtual reality compute device having one or more near infrared (NIR) sensors. The virtual reality compute device presents a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user. The virtual reality compute device produces sensor data through the one or more NIR sensors that is indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user. The virtual reality compute device determines whether the user is in a health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold. The virtual reality compute device performs a health-risk condition response in response to a determination that the user is in the health-risk condition. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A virtual reality compute device for monitoring a health-risk condition of a user, the virtual reality compute device comprising:
a content manager to present a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user; one or more near infrared (NIR) sensors to produce sensor data indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user; a physical condition determination manager to determine whether the user is in a health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold; and a warning generator to perform a health-risk condition response in response to a determination that the user is in the health-risk condition. 27. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, further comprising a NIR sensor manager to determine a hypertension grade of the user based on the sensor data indicative of the blood pressure of the user produced by the NIR sensor,
wherein the physical condition determination manager is to determine whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the hypertension grade of the user to a hypertension grade safety threshold. 28. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, further comprising a user baseline biometrics manager to determine at least one of a heart rate baseline or a blood pressure baseline and to store the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline in a data storage of the virtual reality compute device. 29. The virtual reality compute device of claim 28, wherein to determine the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline comprises at least one of: (i) to monitor the heart rate of the user to determine the heart rate baseline or (ii) to monitor the blood pressure of the user to determine the blood pressure baseline. 30. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, wherein the content manager is to present the VR presentation to the user via a display of the virtual reality compute device. 31. The virtual reality compute device of claim 30, wherein the content manager is further to analyze future content of the VR presentation that has not yet been presented to the user to identify risk features that will elevate user biometrics. 32. The virtual reality compute device of claim 31, wherein the content manager is further to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition. 33. The virtual reality compute device of claim 32, wherein to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition comprises to determine whether the identified risk features will elevate (i) the heart rate of the user above the heart rate safety threshold or (ii) the blood pressure of the user above the blood pressure safety threshold. 34. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, wherein to perform the health-risk condition response comprises at least one of to generate a warning to notify the user of a possibility of the health-risk condition, to notify a remote compute device that the user is in the health-risk condition, or to perform an emergency shutdown of the VR presentation. 35. A method for monitoring a health-risk condition of a user, the method comprising:
presenting, by a virtual reality compute device, a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user of the virtual reality compute device; producing, by one or more near infrared (NIR) sensors of the virtual reality compute device, sensor data indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user; determining, by the virtual reality compute device, whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold; and performing, by the virtual reality compute device, a health-risk condition response in response to determining that the user is in the health-risk condition. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
determining, by the virtual reality compute device, a hypertension grade of the user based on the sensor data indicative of the blood pressure of the user by the NIR sensor; and determining, by the virtual reality compute device, whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the hypertension grade of the user to a hypertension grade safety threshold. 37. The method of claim 35, further comprising: determining, by the virtual reality compute device, at least one of a heart rate baseline or a blood pressure baseline; and
storing, by the virtual reality compute device, the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline in a data storage of the virtual reality compute device. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline comprises at least one of: (i) monitoring the heart rate of the user to determine the heart rate baseline or (ii) monitoring the blood pressure of the user to determine the blood pressure baseline. 39. The method of claim 35, further comprising analyzing, by the virtual reality compute device, future content of the VR presentation that has not yet been presented to the user to identify risk features that will elevate user biometrics. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising predicting, by the virtual reality compute device, whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein predicting whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition comprises determining whether the identified risk features will elevate (i) the heart rate of the user above the heart rate safety threshold or (ii) the blood pressure of the user above the blood pressure safety threshold. 42. The method of claim 35, wherein performing the health-risk condition response comprises at least one of generating a warning notifying the user of a possibility of the health-risk condition, notifying a remote compute device that the user is in the health-risk condition, or performing an emergency shutdown of the VR presentation. 43. One or more machine readable storage media comprising a plurality of instructions stored that in response to being executed cause a computing device to:
present a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user; produce sensor data indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user; determine whether the user is in a health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold; and perform a health-risk condition response in response to a determination that the user is in the health-risk condition. 44. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to:
determine a hypertension grade of the user based on the sensor data indicative of the blood pressure of the user; and determine whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the hypertension grade of the user to a hypertension grade safety threshold. 45. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to:
determine at least one of a heart rate baseline or a blood pressure baseline; and store the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline in a data storage of the virtual reality compute device. 46. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 45, wherein to determine the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline comprises at least one of: (i) to monitor the heart rate of the user to determine the heart rate baseline or (ii) to monitor the blood pressure of the user to determine the blood pressure baseline. 47. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to analyze future content of the VR presentation that has not yet been presented to the user to identify risk features that will elevate user biometrics. 48. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 47, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition. 49. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 48, wherein to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition comprises to determine whether the identified risk features will elevate (i) the heart rate of the user above the heart rate safety threshold or (ii) the blood pressure of the user above the blood pressure safety threshold. 50. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, wherein to perform the health-risk condition response comprises at least one of to generate a warning to notify the user of a possibility of the health-risk condition, to notify a remote compute device that the user is in the health-risk condition, or to perform an emergency shutdown of the VR presentation. | Technologies for monitoring a health-risk condition of a user include a virtual reality compute device having one or more near infrared (NIR) sensors. The virtual reality compute device presents a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user. The virtual reality compute device produces sensor data through the one or more NIR sensors that is indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user. The virtual reality compute device determines whether the user is in a health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold. The virtual reality compute device performs a health-risk condition response in response to a determination that the user is in the health-risk condition.1-25. (canceled) 26. A virtual reality compute device for monitoring a health-risk condition of a user, the virtual reality compute device comprising:
a content manager to present a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user; one or more near infrared (NIR) sensors to produce sensor data indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user; a physical condition determination manager to determine whether the user is in a health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold; and a warning generator to perform a health-risk condition response in response to a determination that the user is in the health-risk condition. 27. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, further comprising a NIR sensor manager to determine a hypertension grade of the user based on the sensor data indicative of the blood pressure of the user produced by the NIR sensor,
wherein the physical condition determination manager is to determine whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the hypertension grade of the user to a hypertension grade safety threshold. 28. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, further comprising a user baseline biometrics manager to determine at least one of a heart rate baseline or a blood pressure baseline and to store the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline in a data storage of the virtual reality compute device. 29. The virtual reality compute device of claim 28, wherein to determine the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline comprises at least one of: (i) to monitor the heart rate of the user to determine the heart rate baseline or (ii) to monitor the blood pressure of the user to determine the blood pressure baseline. 30. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, wherein the content manager is to present the VR presentation to the user via a display of the virtual reality compute device. 31. The virtual reality compute device of claim 30, wherein the content manager is further to analyze future content of the VR presentation that has not yet been presented to the user to identify risk features that will elevate user biometrics. 32. The virtual reality compute device of claim 31, wherein the content manager is further to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition. 33. The virtual reality compute device of claim 32, wherein to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition comprises to determine whether the identified risk features will elevate (i) the heart rate of the user above the heart rate safety threshold or (ii) the blood pressure of the user above the blood pressure safety threshold. 34. The virtual reality compute device of claim 26, wherein to perform the health-risk condition response comprises at least one of to generate a warning to notify the user of a possibility of the health-risk condition, to notify a remote compute device that the user is in the health-risk condition, or to perform an emergency shutdown of the VR presentation. 35. A method for monitoring a health-risk condition of a user, the method comprising:
presenting, by a virtual reality compute device, a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user of the virtual reality compute device; producing, by one or more near infrared (NIR) sensors of the virtual reality compute device, sensor data indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user; determining, by the virtual reality compute device, whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold; and performing, by the virtual reality compute device, a health-risk condition response in response to determining that the user is in the health-risk condition. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
determining, by the virtual reality compute device, a hypertension grade of the user based on the sensor data indicative of the blood pressure of the user by the NIR sensor; and determining, by the virtual reality compute device, whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the hypertension grade of the user to a hypertension grade safety threshold. 37. The method of claim 35, further comprising: determining, by the virtual reality compute device, at least one of a heart rate baseline or a blood pressure baseline; and
storing, by the virtual reality compute device, the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline in a data storage of the virtual reality compute device. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline comprises at least one of: (i) monitoring the heart rate of the user to determine the heart rate baseline or (ii) monitoring the blood pressure of the user to determine the blood pressure baseline. 39. The method of claim 35, further comprising analyzing, by the virtual reality compute device, future content of the VR presentation that has not yet been presented to the user to identify risk features that will elevate user biometrics. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising predicting, by the virtual reality compute device, whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein predicting whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition comprises determining whether the identified risk features will elevate (i) the heart rate of the user above the heart rate safety threshold or (ii) the blood pressure of the user above the blood pressure safety threshold. 42. The method of claim 35, wherein performing the health-risk condition response comprises at least one of generating a warning notifying the user of a possibility of the health-risk condition, notifying a remote compute device that the user is in the health-risk condition, or performing an emergency shutdown of the VR presentation. 43. One or more machine readable storage media comprising a plurality of instructions stored that in response to being executed cause a computing device to:
present a virtual reality (VR) presentation to the user; produce sensor data indicative of a heart rate of the user and a blood pressure of the user while the VR presentation is presented to the user; determine whether the user is in a health-risk condition based on a comparison of the heart rate of the user to a heart rate safety threshold and a comparison of the blood pressure of the user to a blood pressure safety threshold; and perform a health-risk condition response in response to a determination that the user is in the health-risk condition. 44. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to:
determine a hypertension grade of the user based on the sensor data indicative of the blood pressure of the user; and determine whether the user is in the health-risk condition based on a comparison of the hypertension grade of the user to a hypertension grade safety threshold. 45. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to:
determine at least one of a heart rate baseline or a blood pressure baseline; and store the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline in a data storage of the virtual reality compute device. 46. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 45, wherein to determine the at least one of the heart rate baseline or the blood pressure baseline comprises at least one of: (i) to monitor the heart rate of the user to determine the heart rate baseline or (ii) to monitor the blood pressure of the user to determine the blood pressure baseline. 47. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to analyze future content of the VR presentation that has not yet been presented to the user to identify risk features that will elevate user biometrics. 48. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 47, further comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed cause the computing device to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition. 49. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 48, wherein to predict whether the identified risk features will elevate the user to the health-risk condition comprises to determine whether the identified risk features will elevate (i) the heart rate of the user above the heart rate safety threshold or (ii) the blood pressure of the user above the blood pressure safety threshold. 50. The one or more machine readable storage media of claim 43, wherein to perform the health-risk condition response comprises at least one of to generate a warning to notify the user of a possibility of the health-risk condition, to notify a remote compute device that the user is in the health-risk condition, or to perform an emergency shutdown of the VR presentation. | 2,800 |
342,864 | 16,642,608 | 2,816 | A method of notifying a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said method comprising the steps of receiving, by an Application Server, AS, in said telecommunication network a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber, retrieving, by said AS, and triggered by said receiving of said register message, said dialog status of said second UE of said same subscriber, and sending, by said AS, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A method of notifying a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said method comprising:
receiving, by an Application Server, AS, in said telecommunication network a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; retrieving, by said AS, and triggered by said receiving of said register message, said dialog status of said second UE of said same subscriber; sending, by said AS, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 19. The method in accordance with claim 18, further comprising:
detecting, by said AS, a dialog status change of said second UE of said subscriber; sending, by said AS, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said changed dialog status of said second UE. 20. The method in accordance with claim 18, wherein said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications comprises any of:
an empty value indicating that said first UE is interested in all changes in said dialog status of UEs associated with said same subscriber; an “initial” value indicating that said first UE is interested in initial dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber; a “Confirmed” value indicating that said first UE is interested in newly established dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber; a “Terminated” value indicating that said first UE is interested in terminated dialog states of UEs associated with said same subscriber. 21. The method in accordance with claim 18, wherein said method further comprises refraining, by said AS, from starting a Finite State Machine associated with said first User Equipment, UE, based on said received register message. 22. A method of registering a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network such that said network is able to notify said first UE on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said method comprising:
receiving, by a node in said telecommunication network, a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; storing, by said node, said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UE's associated with said same sending, by said node, a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber. 23. A method of requesting registration in a telecommunication network, by a first user equipment, UE, of a subscriber in said telecommunication network, wherein said method comprises:
sending, by said first UE, a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; and receiving, by said first UE, from an Application Server in said telecommunication network, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 24. An application server arranged to operate in a telecommunication network and arranged for notifying a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in said telecommunication network on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said application server comprising:
receive equipment arranged for receiving a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; retrieve equipment arranged for retrieving, and triggered by said receiving of said register message, said dialog status of said second UE of said same subscriber; and transmit equipment arranged for sending, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 25. The application server in accordance with claim 24, wherein said application server further comprises:
detect equipment arranged for detecting a dialog status change of said second UE of said subscriber, And wherein said transmit equipment is further arranged for sending to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said changed dialog status of said second UE. 26. The application server in accordance with claim 24, wherein said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications comprises any of:
an empty value indicating that said first UE is interested in all changes in said dialog status of UEs associated with said same subscriber; an “initial” value indicating that said first UE is interested in initial dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber; a “Confirmed” value indicating that said first UE is interested in newly established dialog states of UEs associated with said same subscriber; a “Terminated” value indicating that said first UE is interested in terminated dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber. 27. The application server in accordance with claim 24, wherein said application server further comprises refrain equipment arranged for refraining from starting a Finite State Machine associated with said first User Equipment, UE, based on said received register message. 28. A node for supporting registration of a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network such that said network is able to notify said first UE on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said node comprising:
receive equipment arranged for receiving a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; store equipment arranged for storing said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; and transmit equipment arranged for transmitting a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber. 29. A first User Equipment, UE, arranged for requesting registration in a telecommunication network, by a first user equipment, UE, of a subscriber in said telecommunication network, wherein said UE comprises:
transmit equipment arranged for sending a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; and receive equipment arranged for receiving, from an Application Server in said telecommunication network, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 30. The first User Equipment, UE, in accordance with claim 29, wherein said first UE further comprises establish equipment arranged for establishing an updated connection to said network by sending a register message towards said AS. | A method of notifying a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said method comprising the steps of receiving, by an Application Server, AS, in said telecommunication network a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber, retrieving, by said AS, and triggered by said receiving of said register message, said dialog status of said second UE of said same subscriber, and sending, by said AS, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE.1-17. (canceled) 18. A method of notifying a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said method comprising:
receiving, by an Application Server, AS, in said telecommunication network a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; retrieving, by said AS, and triggered by said receiving of said register message, said dialog status of said second UE of said same subscriber; sending, by said AS, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 19. The method in accordance with claim 18, further comprising:
detecting, by said AS, a dialog status change of said second UE of said subscriber; sending, by said AS, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said changed dialog status of said second UE. 20. The method in accordance with claim 18, wherein said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications comprises any of:
an empty value indicating that said first UE is interested in all changes in said dialog status of UEs associated with said same subscriber; an “initial” value indicating that said first UE is interested in initial dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber; a “Confirmed” value indicating that said first UE is interested in newly established dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber; a “Terminated” value indicating that said first UE is interested in terminated dialog states of UEs associated with said same subscriber. 21. The method in accordance with claim 18, wherein said method further comprises refraining, by said AS, from starting a Finite State Machine associated with said first User Equipment, UE, based on said received register message. 22. A method of registering a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network such that said network is able to notify said first UE on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said method comprising:
receiving, by a node in said telecommunication network, a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; storing, by said node, said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UE's associated with said same sending, by said node, a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber. 23. A method of requesting registration in a telecommunication network, by a first user equipment, UE, of a subscriber in said telecommunication network, wherein said method comprises:
sending, by said first UE, a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; and receiving, by said first UE, from an Application Server in said telecommunication network, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 24. An application server arranged to operate in a telecommunication network and arranged for notifying a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in said telecommunication network on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said application server comprising:
receive equipment arranged for receiving a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; retrieve equipment arranged for retrieving, and triggered by said receiving of said register message, said dialog status of said second UE of said same subscriber; and transmit equipment arranged for sending, to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 25. The application server in accordance with claim 24, wherein said application server further comprises:
detect equipment arranged for detecting a dialog status change of said second UE of said subscriber, And wherein said transmit equipment is further arranged for sending to said first UE, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said changed dialog status of said second UE. 26. The application server in accordance with claim 24, wherein said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications comprises any of:
an empty value indicating that said first UE is interested in all changes in said dialog status of UEs associated with said same subscriber; an “initial” value indicating that said first UE is interested in initial dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber; a “Confirmed” value indicating that said first UE is interested in newly established dialog states of UEs associated with said same subscriber; a “Terminated” value indicating that said first UE is interested in terminated dialog states of UE's associated with said same subscriber. 27. The application server in accordance with claim 24, wherein said application server further comprises refrain equipment arranged for refraining from starting a Finite State Machine associated with said first User Equipment, UE, based on said received register message. 28. A node for supporting registration of a first User Equipment, UE, of a subscriber in a telecommunication network such that said network is able to notify said first UE on a dialog status of a second UE of said same subscriber, said node comprising:
receive equipment arranged for receiving a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; store equipment arranged for storing said indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; and transmit equipment arranged for transmitting a register message for indicating to said AS that said first UE has registered in said telecommunication network, wherein said register message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber. 29. A first User Equipment, UE, arranged for requesting registration in a telecommunication network, by a first user equipment, UE, of a subscriber in said telecommunication network, wherein said UE comprises:
transmit equipment arranged for sending a registration request message for requesting registration of said first UE in said telecommunication network, wherein said registration request message comprises an indication that said first UE is capable to receive Dialog Event notifications regarding dialog status events of UEs associated with said same subscriber; and receive equipment arranged for receiving, from an Application Server in said telecommunication network, a notify message for notifying said first UE on said retrieved dialog status of said second UE. 30. The first User Equipment, UE, in accordance with claim 29, wherein said first UE further comprises establish equipment arranged for establishing an updated connection to said network by sending a register message towards said AS. | 2,800 |
342,865 | 16,642,607 | 2,816 | A removal tool for removing a hood having a hollow cylindrical shape mounted to a distal tip of an endoscope from the distal tip is constituted from a flexible member including a hole-shaped recess capable of housing the hood in its inside. An outer surface of the hood is provided with a step portion that extends along a circumferential direction of the hood. An inner wall surface of the recess is provided with an engaging portion at a position opposing to the step portion when the hood is housed in the recess, the engaging portion being shaped to grip the hood by being engaged with the step portion as a result of deformation of the flexible member. | 1. A removal tool for removing a hood of an endoscope from a distal tip of the endoscope, the hood being mounted to an outer peripheral surface of the distal tip and having a hollow cylindrical shape, an outer surface of the hood being provided with a step portion that extends along a circumferential direction of the hood, wherein:
the removal tool is constituted from a flexible member provided with a hole-shaped recess capable of housing a part of the hood including the step portion inside the recess; and an inner wall surface of the recess is provided with an engaging portion at a position opposing to the step portion when the hood is housed in the recess, the engaging portion being shaped to grip the hood by being engaged with the step portion as a result of deformation of the flexible member. 2. The hood removal tool according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of a part of the engaging portion arranged on the inner wall surface is larger than an outer diameter of the step portion to prevent the engaging portion from being engaged with the step portion under a non-deformed condition of the flexible member. 3. A set of a hood of an endoscope, the hood being mounted to an outer peripheral surface of a distal tip of the endoscope and having a hollow cylindrical shape, and a removal tool for removing the hood from the distal tip, wherein:
an outer surface of the hood is provided with a step portion that extends along a circumferential direction of the hood; the removal tool is constituted from a flexible member provided with a hole-shaped recess capable of housing a part of the hood including the step portion inside the recess; and an inner wall surface of the recess is provided with an engaging portion at a position opposing to the step portion when the hood is housed in the recess, the engaging portion being shaped to grip the hood by being engaged with the step portion as a result of deformation of the flexible member. 4. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein an inner diameter of a part of the engaging portion arranged on the inner wall surface is larger than an outer diameter of the step portion to prevent the engaging portion from being engaged with the step portion under a non-deformed condition of the flexible member. 5. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the step portion is arranged around an outer surface of the step portion; and the engaging portion is arranged around the inner wall surface. 6. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the outer surface of the hood is provided with a groove with both ends closed as the step portion, the groove extending, along a circumferential direction of the hood; and the inner wall surface of the recess is provided with a projecting rib as the engaging portion, the projecting rib intermittently extending in a circumferential direction of the recess so as to correspond to the groove. 7. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein: the removal tool is a packing container that houses the hood; the packing container includes a housing chamber for housing the hood as the recess; and the engaging portion is arranged on an inner wall surface surrounding the housing chamber of the packing container. 8. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the hood includes a main body portion having a cylindrical shape and a plurality of projecting elements projecting from an outer surface of the main body portion to a radial outer side in different directions; and the housing chamber of the packing container includes a columnar recess that houses the main body portion and a plurality of housing grooves projecting from the columnar recess to the radial outer side in different directions so as to correspond to the projecting elements, each of the housing grooves having a groove width and a groove depth capable of positioning and housing the corresponding projecting element. 9. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 8, wherein, at least in a part of the projecting element housing groove, a groove depth size of the housing groove is larger than a thickness size of the corresponding projecting element. 10. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 9, wherein the part where the groove depth size is larger than the thickness size of the corresponding projecting element is configured to house at least a base of the projecting element that begins projecting from the main body portion. 11. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the recess includes a hole bottom; and a distance from the hole bottom to the engaging portion is equal to or longer than a distance from a distal tip of the hood to the step portion. | A removal tool for removing a hood having a hollow cylindrical shape mounted to a distal tip of an endoscope from the distal tip is constituted from a flexible member including a hole-shaped recess capable of housing the hood in its inside. An outer surface of the hood is provided with a step portion that extends along a circumferential direction of the hood. An inner wall surface of the recess is provided with an engaging portion at a position opposing to the step portion when the hood is housed in the recess, the engaging portion being shaped to grip the hood by being engaged with the step portion as a result of deformation of the flexible member.1. A removal tool for removing a hood of an endoscope from a distal tip of the endoscope, the hood being mounted to an outer peripheral surface of the distal tip and having a hollow cylindrical shape, an outer surface of the hood being provided with a step portion that extends along a circumferential direction of the hood, wherein:
the removal tool is constituted from a flexible member provided with a hole-shaped recess capable of housing a part of the hood including the step portion inside the recess; and an inner wall surface of the recess is provided with an engaging portion at a position opposing to the step portion when the hood is housed in the recess, the engaging portion being shaped to grip the hood by being engaged with the step portion as a result of deformation of the flexible member. 2. The hood removal tool according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of a part of the engaging portion arranged on the inner wall surface is larger than an outer diameter of the step portion to prevent the engaging portion from being engaged with the step portion under a non-deformed condition of the flexible member. 3. A set of a hood of an endoscope, the hood being mounted to an outer peripheral surface of a distal tip of the endoscope and having a hollow cylindrical shape, and a removal tool for removing the hood from the distal tip, wherein:
an outer surface of the hood is provided with a step portion that extends along a circumferential direction of the hood; the removal tool is constituted from a flexible member provided with a hole-shaped recess capable of housing a part of the hood including the step portion inside the recess; and an inner wall surface of the recess is provided with an engaging portion at a position opposing to the step portion when the hood is housed in the recess, the engaging portion being shaped to grip the hood by being engaged with the step portion as a result of deformation of the flexible member. 4. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein an inner diameter of a part of the engaging portion arranged on the inner wall surface is larger than an outer diameter of the step portion to prevent the engaging portion from being engaged with the step portion under a non-deformed condition of the flexible member. 5. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the step portion is arranged around an outer surface of the step portion; and the engaging portion is arranged around the inner wall surface. 6. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the outer surface of the hood is provided with a groove with both ends closed as the step portion, the groove extending, along a circumferential direction of the hood; and the inner wall surface of the recess is provided with a projecting rib as the engaging portion, the projecting rib intermittently extending in a circumferential direction of the recess so as to correspond to the groove. 7. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein: the removal tool is a packing container that houses the hood; the packing container includes a housing chamber for housing the hood as the recess; and the engaging portion is arranged on an inner wall surface surrounding the housing chamber of the packing container. 8. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the hood includes a main body portion having a cylindrical shape and a plurality of projecting elements projecting from an outer surface of the main body portion to a radial outer side in different directions; and the housing chamber of the packing container includes a columnar recess that houses the main body portion and a plurality of housing grooves projecting from the columnar recess to the radial outer side in different directions so as to correspond to the projecting elements, each of the housing grooves having a groove width and a groove depth capable of positioning and housing the corresponding projecting element. 9. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 8, wherein, at least in a part of the projecting element housing groove, a groove depth size of the housing groove is larger than a thickness size of the corresponding projecting element. 10. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 9, wherein the part where the groove depth size is larger than the thickness size of the corresponding projecting element is configured to house at least a base of the projecting element that begins projecting from the main body portion. 11. The set of the hood of the endoscope and the hood removal tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the recess includes a hole bottom; and a distance from the hole bottom to the engaging portion is equal to or longer than a distance from a distal tip of the hood to the step portion. | 2,800 |
342,866 | 16,642,576 | 2,816 | The present invention relates to a thermoelectric module, and a thermoelectric module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of thermoelectric elements that are disposed between a heat transmission member and a cooling member; and a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are respectively disposed between the heat transmission member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements and between the cooling member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements may include P-type thermoelectric elements and N-type thermoelectric elements, and a P-type thermoelectric element and an N-type thermoelectric element that neighbor each other may have different heights, and one electrode layer selected from among the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer formed throughout the P-type thermoelectric element and the N-type thermoelectric element that neighbor each other may have at least two bent portions. | 1. A thermoelectric module comprising:
a heat transmission member; a cooling member; a plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements is disposed between the heat transmission member and the cooling member; a first electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is disposed between the heat transmission member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements; and a second electrode layer, wherein the second electrode layer is disposed between the cooling member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements comprises a first P-type thermoelectric element and a first N-type thermoelectric element, the first P-type thermoelectric element being adjacent to the first N-type thermoelectric element, wherein a height of the first P-type thermoelectric element is different than a height of the first N-type thermoelectric element, and wherein the second electrode layer has at least two bent portions and extends between the first P-type thermoelectric element and the first N-type thermoelectric element. 2. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, wherein the second electrode layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first P-type thermoelectric element, and
wherein the second electrode layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 3. The thermoelectric module of claim 2, wherein the second electrode layer has a uniform thickness. 4. The thermoelectric module of claim 2, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements further comprises a second N-type thermoelectric element,
wherein the first electrode layer extends in a single plane, and wherein the first electrode layer is formed on a bottom surface of the second N-type thermoelectric element and on a bottom surface of the first P-type thermoelectric element. 5. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, wherein the height of the first P-type thermoelectric element is lower than the height of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 6. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, further comprising:
a first substrate; and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate is disposed outside the plurality of thermoelectric elements at a first side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements, and wherein the second substrate is disposed outside the plurality of thermoelectric elements at a second side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements, the first side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements being opposite to the second side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements. 7. The thermoelectric module of claim 6, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate comprises alumina. 8. The thermoelectric module of claim 7, wherein one substrate selected from among the first substrate and the second substrate comprises at least two bent portions corresponding to the bent portions of the second electrode layer. 9. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, wherein the first P-type thermoelectric element has a length in a horizontal direction different than a length in the horizontal direction of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 10. The thermoelectric module of claim 9, wherein the length of the first P-type thermoelectric element is longer than the length of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 11. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, further comprising an insulator, wherein the insulator is bonded to an upper surface of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 12. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, further comprising a dummy metal layer,
wherein the dummy metal layer overlaps the first P-type thermoelectric element. 13. The thermoelectric module of claim 12, further comprising an insulator,
wherein the insulator is bonded to an upper surface of the first N-type thermoelectric element, and wherein the insulator is bonded to an upper surface of the dummy metal layer. 14. The thermoelectric module of claim 12, wherein the dummy metal layer is disposed below the first P-type thermoelectric element. 15. The thermoelectric module of claim 12, wherein the dummy metal layer comprises an upper dummy metal layer and a lower dummy metal layer, and
wherein the first P-type thermoelectric element is disposed between the upper dummy metal layer and the lower dummy metal layer. | The present invention relates to a thermoelectric module, and a thermoelectric module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of thermoelectric elements that are disposed between a heat transmission member and a cooling member; and a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are respectively disposed between the heat transmission member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements and between the cooling member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements may include P-type thermoelectric elements and N-type thermoelectric elements, and a P-type thermoelectric element and an N-type thermoelectric element that neighbor each other may have different heights, and one electrode layer selected from among the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer formed throughout the P-type thermoelectric element and the N-type thermoelectric element that neighbor each other may have at least two bent portions.1. A thermoelectric module comprising:
a heat transmission member; a cooling member; a plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements is disposed between the heat transmission member and the cooling member; a first electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is disposed between the heat transmission member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements; and a second electrode layer, wherein the second electrode layer is disposed between the cooling member and the plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements comprises a first P-type thermoelectric element and a first N-type thermoelectric element, the first P-type thermoelectric element being adjacent to the first N-type thermoelectric element, wherein a height of the first P-type thermoelectric element is different than a height of the first N-type thermoelectric element, and wherein the second electrode layer has at least two bent portions and extends between the first P-type thermoelectric element and the first N-type thermoelectric element. 2. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, wherein the second electrode layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first P-type thermoelectric element, and
wherein the second electrode layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 3. The thermoelectric module of claim 2, wherein the second electrode layer has a uniform thickness. 4. The thermoelectric module of claim 2, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements further comprises a second N-type thermoelectric element,
wherein the first electrode layer extends in a single plane, and wherein the first electrode layer is formed on a bottom surface of the second N-type thermoelectric element and on a bottom surface of the first P-type thermoelectric element. 5. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, wherein the height of the first P-type thermoelectric element is lower than the height of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 6. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, further comprising:
a first substrate; and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate is disposed outside the plurality of thermoelectric elements at a first side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements, and wherein the second substrate is disposed outside the plurality of thermoelectric elements at a second side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements, the first side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements being opposite to the second side of the plurality of thermoelectric elements. 7. The thermoelectric module of claim 6, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate comprises alumina. 8. The thermoelectric module of claim 7, wherein one substrate selected from among the first substrate and the second substrate comprises at least two bent portions corresponding to the bent portions of the second electrode layer. 9. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, wherein the first P-type thermoelectric element has a length in a horizontal direction different than a length in the horizontal direction of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 10. The thermoelectric module of claim 9, wherein the length of the first P-type thermoelectric element is longer than the length of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 11. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, further comprising an insulator, wherein the insulator is bonded to an upper surface of the first N-type thermoelectric element. 12. The thermoelectric module of claim 1, further comprising a dummy metal layer,
wherein the dummy metal layer overlaps the first P-type thermoelectric element. 13. The thermoelectric module of claim 12, further comprising an insulator,
wherein the insulator is bonded to an upper surface of the first N-type thermoelectric element, and wherein the insulator is bonded to an upper surface of the dummy metal layer. 14. The thermoelectric module of claim 12, wherein the dummy metal layer is disposed below the first P-type thermoelectric element. 15. The thermoelectric module of claim 12, wherein the dummy metal layer comprises an upper dummy metal layer and a lower dummy metal layer, and
wherein the first P-type thermoelectric element is disposed between the upper dummy metal layer and the lower dummy metal layer. | 2,800 |
342,867 | 16,642,595 | 2,816 | A processor for an electronic endoscope includes an enhancement processing unit that includes: a depth data generation unit configured to generate depth data D of the entire captured image by generating a data value representing information on a depth of a concave portion of the living tissue in each pixel; an undulation-enhanced data generation unit configured to generate a value of undulation-enhanced data S, which has information with a steeply inclined change of a signal level value at a boundary between a concave portion and a convex portion of surface irregularities of the living tissue, from the depth data D; and an enhancement processing execution unit that generates an enhanced image by adding or subtracting at least a value to or from a signal level value of the processing target pixel on which the enhancement processing of the captured image is performed. | 1. A processor for an electronic endoscope, which acquires a captured image of a living tissue and performs enhancement processing, comprising
an enhancement processing unit configured to perform enhancement processing on the captured image of the living tissue, wherein the enhancement processing unit includes: a depth data generation unit configured to generate depth data D of a whole captured image by generating a data value representing information on a depth of a concave portion of the living tissue in a focused pixel 1 based on a difference between a signal level value of the focused pixel 1 that is each pixel of the captured image and a representative value of signal level values of a plurality of adjacent pixels located around the focused pixel 1; an undulation-enhanced data generation unit configured to generate a value of undulation-enhanced data S for each pixel of the captured image, which has information with a steeply inclined change of a signal level value of the captured image at a boundary between a concave portion and a convex portion of surface irregularities of the living tissue, from the depth data D; and an enhancement processing execution unit configured to generate an enhanced image by adding or subtracting at least a value obtained by multiplying a value of the depth data D in a processing target pixel by a constant, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of the undulation-enhanced data S in the processing target pixel by a constant to or from a signal level value of the processing target pixel on which the enhancement processing of the captured image is performed. 2. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the undulation-enhanced data generation unit is configured to generate the undulation-enhanced data S by calculating a value obtained by attaching a plus or minus sign of the depth data D in a focused pixel 2 to a result obtained by subtracting an absolute value of a weighted average value of values of the depth data D of peripheral pixels surrounding the focused pixel 2 and a value of the depth data D of the focused pixel 2 from a weighted average value of an absolute value of the value of the depth data D in the focused pixel 2 and absolute values of the values of the depth data D of the peripheral pixels surrounding the focused pixel 2 that is each pixel of the captured image. 3. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 2, wherein
the peripheral pixels are all pixels excluding the focused pixel 2 in a range of s pixels×s pixels (s is an odd number of 3 or more) around the focused pixel 2. 4. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 3, wherein
s is an odd number in a range of 3 to 9. 5. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
a pixel having a value larger than a preset value in the undulation-enhanced data S is set as the processing target pixel. 6. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the adjacent pixels are m-th neighboring pixels (m is a natural number of one or more) in at least one pixel array direction among four directions of an up-down direction, a left-right direction, an upper left-lower right direction, and an upper right-lower left direction with the focused pixel 1 as a center. 7. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 6, wherein
the focused pixel 1 is set as a candidate for the processing target pixel when the signal level value of the focused pixel 1 is lower than the representative value of the signal level values of the m-th neighboring pixels. 8. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the representative value is a simple average value, a weighted average value, a median value, a minimum value, or a maximum value of the signal level values of the adjacent pixels. 9. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the enhancement processing execution unit is configured to subtract a value obtained by multiplying the signal level value of the processing target pixel by a constant from the signal level value of the processing target pixel as well as adding or subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the value of the depth data D by the constant and the value obtained by multiplying the value of the undulation-enhanced data S by the constant to or from the signal level value of the processing target pixel. 10. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the signal level values of the captured image include signal level values Ik of color components of three colors of red, green, and blue (k is a variable to identify red, green, or blue color component and is a natural number), and the enhancement processing execution unit generates the enhanced image using the value of the depth data D and value of the undulation-enhanced data S shared by the signal level values Ik of the color components of the three colors of red, green, and blue. 11. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 10, wherein
the depth data D and the undulation-enhanced data S are data generated using a signal level value of a luminance component of the captured image, the enhancement processing execution unit is configured to generate a signal level value Ik* of the enhanced image according to Ik*=Ik−αk·Ik−βk·D−γk·S (αk, βk, and γk are constants), and αk, βk, and γk have different values among the color components of the three colors. 12. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 11, wherein
αk and γk of the red color component have larger values than αk and γk of at least one of the green and blue color components. 13. An electronic endoscope system comprising:
the processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1; and an electronic endoscope which is connected to the processor for an electronic endoscope and outputs the captured image of the living tissue. | A processor for an electronic endoscope includes an enhancement processing unit that includes: a depth data generation unit configured to generate depth data D of the entire captured image by generating a data value representing information on a depth of a concave portion of the living tissue in each pixel; an undulation-enhanced data generation unit configured to generate a value of undulation-enhanced data S, which has information with a steeply inclined change of a signal level value at a boundary between a concave portion and a convex portion of surface irregularities of the living tissue, from the depth data D; and an enhancement processing execution unit that generates an enhanced image by adding or subtracting at least a value to or from a signal level value of the processing target pixel on which the enhancement processing of the captured image is performed.1. A processor for an electronic endoscope, which acquires a captured image of a living tissue and performs enhancement processing, comprising
an enhancement processing unit configured to perform enhancement processing on the captured image of the living tissue, wherein the enhancement processing unit includes: a depth data generation unit configured to generate depth data D of a whole captured image by generating a data value representing information on a depth of a concave portion of the living tissue in a focused pixel 1 based on a difference between a signal level value of the focused pixel 1 that is each pixel of the captured image and a representative value of signal level values of a plurality of adjacent pixels located around the focused pixel 1; an undulation-enhanced data generation unit configured to generate a value of undulation-enhanced data S for each pixel of the captured image, which has information with a steeply inclined change of a signal level value of the captured image at a boundary between a concave portion and a convex portion of surface irregularities of the living tissue, from the depth data D; and an enhancement processing execution unit configured to generate an enhanced image by adding or subtracting at least a value obtained by multiplying a value of the depth data D in a processing target pixel by a constant, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of the undulation-enhanced data S in the processing target pixel by a constant to or from a signal level value of the processing target pixel on which the enhancement processing of the captured image is performed. 2. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the undulation-enhanced data generation unit is configured to generate the undulation-enhanced data S by calculating a value obtained by attaching a plus or minus sign of the depth data D in a focused pixel 2 to a result obtained by subtracting an absolute value of a weighted average value of values of the depth data D of peripheral pixels surrounding the focused pixel 2 and a value of the depth data D of the focused pixel 2 from a weighted average value of an absolute value of the value of the depth data D in the focused pixel 2 and absolute values of the values of the depth data D of the peripheral pixels surrounding the focused pixel 2 that is each pixel of the captured image. 3. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 2, wherein
the peripheral pixels are all pixels excluding the focused pixel 2 in a range of s pixels×s pixels (s is an odd number of 3 or more) around the focused pixel 2. 4. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 3, wherein
s is an odd number in a range of 3 to 9. 5. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
a pixel having a value larger than a preset value in the undulation-enhanced data S is set as the processing target pixel. 6. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the adjacent pixels are m-th neighboring pixels (m is a natural number of one or more) in at least one pixel array direction among four directions of an up-down direction, a left-right direction, an upper left-lower right direction, and an upper right-lower left direction with the focused pixel 1 as a center. 7. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 6, wherein
the focused pixel 1 is set as a candidate for the processing target pixel when the signal level value of the focused pixel 1 is lower than the representative value of the signal level values of the m-th neighboring pixels. 8. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the representative value is a simple average value, a weighted average value, a median value, a minimum value, or a maximum value of the signal level values of the adjacent pixels. 9. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the enhancement processing execution unit is configured to subtract a value obtained by multiplying the signal level value of the processing target pixel by a constant from the signal level value of the processing target pixel as well as adding or subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the value of the depth data D by the constant and the value obtained by multiplying the value of the undulation-enhanced data S by the constant to or from the signal level value of the processing target pixel. 10. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the signal level values of the captured image include signal level values Ik of color components of three colors of red, green, and blue (k is a variable to identify red, green, or blue color component and is a natural number), and the enhancement processing execution unit generates the enhanced image using the value of the depth data D and value of the undulation-enhanced data S shared by the signal level values Ik of the color components of the three colors of red, green, and blue. 11. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 10, wherein
the depth data D and the undulation-enhanced data S are data generated using a signal level value of a luminance component of the captured image, the enhancement processing execution unit is configured to generate a signal level value Ik* of the enhanced image according to Ik*=Ik−αk·Ik−βk·D−γk·S (αk, βk, and γk are constants), and αk, βk, and γk have different values among the color components of the three colors. 12. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 11, wherein
αk and γk of the red color component have larger values than αk and γk of at least one of the green and blue color components. 13. An electronic endoscope system comprising:
the processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1; and an electronic endoscope which is connected to the processor for an electronic endoscope and outputs the captured image of the living tissue. | 2,800 |
342,868 | 16,642,611 | 2,816 | An example method for preforming assortment optimization includes: selecting a product for introduction into a selected store; accessing historical sales data for a plurality of stores including the selected store; using the historical sales data to calculate a similarity of each of the stores to the selected store; selecting a subset of stores from the plurality of stores based upon similarity to the selected store; and calculating a projected sales velocity based upon sales from the historical sales data of the product at the subset of stores. | 1. A method for preforming assortment optimization, the method comprising:
selecting a product for introduction into a selected store; accessing historical sales data for a plurality of stores including the selected store; using the historical sales data to calculate a similarity of each of the stores to the selected store; selecting a subset of stores from the plurality of stores based upon similarity to the selected store; and calculating a projected sales velocity based upon sales from the historical sales data of the product at the subset of stores. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a Universal Product Code of the product. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a sale volume per week for the selected product at each of the plurality of stores. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a mathematical distance between the selected store and each of the subset of stores. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a similarity score between each of the subset of stores. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising calculating the similarity score by comparing a first average sales velocity of the product at a first store of the plurality of stores with a second average sales velocity of the product at a second store of the subset of stores. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a lower similarity score indicates a closer match between the first store and the second store. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a weighted average sales velocity for each of the subset of stores to calculate the projected sales velocity. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising limiting the historical sales data to a product category. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising limiting the historical sales data to a beverages product category. 11. A system for assortment optimization, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and memory encoding instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
select a product for introduction into a selected store;
access historical sales data for a plurality of stores including the selected store;
use the historical sales data to calculate a similarity of each of the stores to the selected store;
select a subset of stores from the plurality of stores based upon similarity to the selected store; and
calculate a projected sales velocity based upon sales from the historical sales data of the product at the subset of stores. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to select a Universal Product Code of the product. 13. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a sale volume per week for the selected product at each of the plurality of stores. 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a mathematical distance between the selected store and each of the subset of stores. 15. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a similarity score between each of the subset of stores. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate the similarity score by comparing a first average sales velocity of the product at a first store of the plurality of stores with a second average sales velocity of the product at a second store of the subset of stores. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a lower similarity score indicates a closer match between the first store and the second store. 18. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a weighted average sales velocity for each of the subset of stores to calculate the projected sales velocity. 19. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to limit the historical sales data to a product category. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to limit the historical sales data to a beverages product category. | An example method for preforming assortment optimization includes: selecting a product for introduction into a selected store; accessing historical sales data for a plurality of stores including the selected store; using the historical sales data to calculate a similarity of each of the stores to the selected store; selecting a subset of stores from the plurality of stores based upon similarity to the selected store; and calculating a projected sales velocity based upon sales from the historical sales data of the product at the subset of stores.1. A method for preforming assortment optimization, the method comprising:
selecting a product for introduction into a selected store; accessing historical sales data for a plurality of stores including the selected store; using the historical sales data to calculate a similarity of each of the stores to the selected store; selecting a subset of stores from the plurality of stores based upon similarity to the selected store; and calculating a projected sales velocity based upon sales from the historical sales data of the product at the subset of stores. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a Universal Product Code of the product. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a sale volume per week for the selected product at each of the plurality of stores. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a mathematical distance between the selected store and each of the subset of stores. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a similarity score between each of the subset of stores. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising calculating the similarity score by comparing a first average sales velocity of the product at a first store of the plurality of stores with a second average sales velocity of the product at a second store of the subset of stores. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a lower similarity score indicates a closer match between the first store and the second store. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a weighted average sales velocity for each of the subset of stores to calculate the projected sales velocity. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising limiting the historical sales data to a product category. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising limiting the historical sales data to a beverages product category. 11. A system for assortment optimization, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and memory encoding instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
select a product for introduction into a selected store;
access historical sales data for a plurality of stores including the selected store;
use the historical sales data to calculate a similarity of each of the stores to the selected store;
select a subset of stores from the plurality of stores based upon similarity to the selected store; and
calculate a projected sales velocity based upon sales from the historical sales data of the product at the subset of stores. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to select a Universal Product Code of the product. 13. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a sale volume per week for the selected product at each of the plurality of stores. 14. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a mathematical distance between the selected store and each of the subset of stores. 15. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a similarity score between each of the subset of stores. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate the similarity score by comparing a first average sales velocity of the product at a first store of the plurality of stores with a second average sales velocity of the product at a second store of the subset of stores. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a lower similarity score indicates a closer match between the first store and the second store. 18. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to calculate a weighted average sales velocity for each of the subset of stores to calculate the projected sales velocity. 19. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to limit the historical sales data to a product category. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one process to limit the historical sales data to a beverages product category. | 2,800 |
342,869 | 16,642,587 | 2,816 | A fluid operated drilling device for drilling a hole said device having a hammer, a rotation device and a drill rod. The hammer includes a tubular main body, a back head, a cylindrical piston housing, a reciprocating piston, a space, a valve unit and a fluid pressure supply unit. A hollow portion of the piston is open to lead pressurized operating fluid directly to the hollow portion from the fluid pressure supply passage. The hammer includes an axial exhaust passage formed between the main body and the piston housing. The valve unit includes a valve exhaust passage and the piston has a lower part and an upper part detachably connected to each other. The invention also relates to a method for drilling a hole using the fluid operated drilling device. | 1. A fluid operated drilling device for drilling a hole the drilling device comprising:
a hammer for creating the hole with a rotating and percussive motion; a rotation device for rotating the hammer; and a drill rod connecting the rotation device to the hammer and transporting operating pressurized drill fluid to the hammer for creating the percussive motion of the hammer, the hammer comprising: a tubular main body having a hollow interior; a back head, for connecting the hammer to the drill rod, coupled to an upper end of the main body and having a fluid pressure supply passage; a cylindrical piston housing connected to the main body inside the main body; a reciprocating piston slidably installed in the piston housing, for impacting a drill bit of a bit unit installed at a lower end of the main body, the drill bit being movable for a predetermined length longitudinally relative to the main body, the piston having; a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the drill rod, a lower part and an upper part detachably connected to each other, a hollow portion, a first communication hole connected to the hollow portion and an annular pressurizing portion protruding on an outer circumferential surface; of the piston, the hollow portion being open to lead pressurized operating fluid directly to the hollow portion of the piston from the fluid pressure supply passaged; a space between the piston and the piston housing divided by the annular pressurizing portion in a radial direction of the piston into a first space portion for elevating the piston and a second space portion for striking the piston, the first space portion and the second space portion being connected to the hollow portion of the piston via the first communication hole; a second space in the hollow interior of the main body between the piston and the main body in the racial direction of the piston and between the piston housing and the bit unit in the axial direction of the piston; a second hollow portion in the piston for leading discharged fluid through the piston to the drill bit and out of the hammer; first communication channels formed in the piston connecting the second space to the second hollow portion for leading discharged fluid from between the piston and the main body back inside the piston to the second hollow portion; a valve unit for controlling fluid discharge from the second space portion, the valve unit including a valve exhaust passage for discharging fluid from the second space portion; a fluid pressure supply unit for supplying high pressure fluid delivered to the fluid pressure supply passage of the back head to the first space portion and the second space portion; and an axial exhaust passage formed between the main body and the piston housing for discharging fluid outside the piston housing; wherein the fluid discharged from the second space portion is led through the valve exhaust passage and the axial exhaust passage, and the rotation device rotates the bit unit using the drill rod and the main body. 2. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the piston has at least a first diameter over a first length of the piston between the piston housing and the bit unit outside a partial length of the piston housing and a second diameter over the partial length of limiting the space, wherein a portion of the piston with the first diameter is larger in diameter than the second diameter. 3. The drilling device according to claim 2, wherein the first space portion for elevating the piston and second space portion for striking the piston form piston reciprocating equipment which are located outside the first length of the piston, which first length is at the second end of the piston. 4. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the piston comprises a male piston connection member and a female piston connection member of which one is a part of the lower part of the piston and other is a part of the upper part of the piston. 5. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the piston comprises the hollow portion, the first communication hole and the annular pressurizing portion, and the lower part comprises the second hollow portion and the first communication channels. 6. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the piston housing is a single uniform part. 7. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the lower part and the upper part of the piston are made of different materials. 8. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a piston guide bearing in connection with the bit unit for supporting the piston, and second communication channels arranged in the piston guide bearing to provide discharged fluid between the piston and the drill bit at least when the piston is elevated. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hollow portion and the second hollow portion are separated from each other by a solid portion belonging to the piston. 12. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a bushing made of high strength metal, placed under the piston housing in an operating position of the hammer for sealing the piston housing. 13. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the axial exhaust passage is located in the axial direction of the hammer between a lower end of the piston housing and lower end of the back head and in a radial direction between the piston housing and the main body. 14. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein a first diameter of the hollow portion of the piston is 80-120% of a second diameter of the fluid pressure supply passage. 15. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein, a first diameter of the hollow portion is smaller than a third diameter of the valve exhaust passage and the third diameter of the valve exhaust passage is smaller than a fourth diameter of the axial exhaust passage in order to reduce back pressure created by the hammer. 16. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a piston upper hat having a second fluid pressure supply passage for guiding pressurized operating fluid into the hollow portion of the piston and a third fluid pressure passage for guiding pressurized operating fluid behind the valve unit into a chamber. 17. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a piston seal between the piston housing and the upper part of the piston, which piston seal is a continuous circular seal. 18. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the drill bit comprises a drill bit exhaust passage which is parallel to a direction of the axis of rotation of the drill rod. 19. A method for drilling a hole using a fluid operated drilling device, the method comprises steps of:
pressurizing operating fluid with a fluid pressure supply unit; rotating a drill rod and a percussive hammer attached to the drill rod with a rotation device; leading pressurized operating fluid to a percussive hammer through the drill rod; using pressurized operating fluid in the percussive hammer to alternately elevate and impact a percussive piston by pressurizing a first space portion inside a piston housing elevate the piston and a second space portion inside the piston housing to impact the piston cause the percussive motion of a drill bit installed axially movably on the piston, the piston having a lower part and an upper part detachably connected to each other; guiding pressurized operating fluid straight from a back head through a fluid pressure supply passage directly to a hollow portion of the piston and discharging fluid from the first space portion and the second space portion outside the piston housing through an axial exhaust passage flush and lubricate a hollow interior of a main body between the piston and the main body of the hammer outside the piston housing; guiding the discharged fluid back inside the piston from the hollows interior through first communication channels to a second hollow portion of the piston for leading the discharged fluid outside the hammer through the bit unit. 20. Method according to claim 19, wherein said operating fluid includes additives to increase the viscosity of operating fluid above viscosity of water. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein said operating fluid is oil or mud. 22. (canceled) 23. The method according to claim 19, wherein the operating fluid has a viscosity of 0.01-20 Pas at a temperature of 20° C. | A fluid operated drilling device for drilling a hole said device having a hammer, a rotation device and a drill rod. The hammer includes a tubular main body, a back head, a cylindrical piston housing, a reciprocating piston, a space, a valve unit and a fluid pressure supply unit. A hollow portion of the piston is open to lead pressurized operating fluid directly to the hollow portion from the fluid pressure supply passage. The hammer includes an axial exhaust passage formed between the main body and the piston housing. The valve unit includes a valve exhaust passage and the piston has a lower part and an upper part detachably connected to each other. The invention also relates to a method for drilling a hole using the fluid operated drilling device.1. A fluid operated drilling device for drilling a hole the drilling device comprising:
a hammer for creating the hole with a rotating and percussive motion; a rotation device for rotating the hammer; and a drill rod connecting the rotation device to the hammer and transporting operating pressurized drill fluid to the hammer for creating the percussive motion of the hammer, the hammer comprising: a tubular main body having a hollow interior; a back head, for connecting the hammer to the drill rod, coupled to an upper end of the main body and having a fluid pressure supply passage; a cylindrical piston housing connected to the main body inside the main body; a reciprocating piston slidably installed in the piston housing, for impacting a drill bit of a bit unit installed at a lower end of the main body, the drill bit being movable for a predetermined length longitudinally relative to the main body, the piston having; a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the drill rod, a lower part and an upper part detachably connected to each other, a hollow portion, a first communication hole connected to the hollow portion and an annular pressurizing portion protruding on an outer circumferential surface; of the piston, the hollow portion being open to lead pressurized operating fluid directly to the hollow portion of the piston from the fluid pressure supply passaged; a space between the piston and the piston housing divided by the annular pressurizing portion in a radial direction of the piston into a first space portion for elevating the piston and a second space portion for striking the piston, the first space portion and the second space portion being connected to the hollow portion of the piston via the first communication hole; a second space in the hollow interior of the main body between the piston and the main body in the racial direction of the piston and between the piston housing and the bit unit in the axial direction of the piston; a second hollow portion in the piston for leading discharged fluid through the piston to the drill bit and out of the hammer; first communication channels formed in the piston connecting the second space to the second hollow portion for leading discharged fluid from between the piston and the main body back inside the piston to the second hollow portion; a valve unit for controlling fluid discharge from the second space portion, the valve unit including a valve exhaust passage for discharging fluid from the second space portion; a fluid pressure supply unit for supplying high pressure fluid delivered to the fluid pressure supply passage of the back head to the first space portion and the second space portion; and an axial exhaust passage formed between the main body and the piston housing for discharging fluid outside the piston housing; wherein the fluid discharged from the second space portion is led through the valve exhaust passage and the axial exhaust passage, and the rotation device rotates the bit unit using the drill rod and the main body. 2. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the piston has at least a first diameter over a first length of the piston between the piston housing and the bit unit outside a partial length of the piston housing and a second diameter over the partial length of limiting the space, wherein a portion of the piston with the first diameter is larger in diameter than the second diameter. 3. The drilling device according to claim 2, wherein the first space portion for elevating the piston and second space portion for striking the piston form piston reciprocating equipment which are located outside the first length of the piston, which first length is at the second end of the piston. 4. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the piston comprises a male piston connection member and a female piston connection member of which one is a part of the lower part of the piston and other is a part of the upper part of the piston. 5. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the piston comprises the hollow portion, the first communication hole and the annular pressurizing portion, and the lower part comprises the second hollow portion and the first communication channels. 6. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the piston housing is a single uniform part. 7. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the lower part and the upper part of the piston are made of different materials. 8. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a piston guide bearing in connection with the bit unit for supporting the piston, and second communication channels arranged in the piston guide bearing to provide discharged fluid between the piston and the drill bit at least when the piston is elevated. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hollow portion and the second hollow portion are separated from each other by a solid portion belonging to the piston. 12. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a bushing made of high strength metal, placed under the piston housing in an operating position of the hammer for sealing the piston housing. 13. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the axial exhaust passage is located in the axial direction of the hammer between a lower end of the piston housing and lower end of the back head and in a radial direction between the piston housing and the main body. 14. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein a first diameter of the hollow portion of the piston is 80-120% of a second diameter of the fluid pressure supply passage. 15. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein, a first diameter of the hollow portion is smaller than a third diameter of the valve exhaust passage and the third diameter of the valve exhaust passage is smaller than a fourth diameter of the axial exhaust passage in order to reduce back pressure created by the hammer. 16. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a piston upper hat having a second fluid pressure supply passage for guiding pressurized operating fluid into the hollow portion of the piston and a third fluid pressure passage for guiding pressurized operating fluid behind the valve unit into a chamber. 17. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the hammer comprises a piston seal between the piston housing and the upper part of the piston, which piston seal is a continuous circular seal. 18. The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the drill bit comprises a drill bit exhaust passage which is parallel to a direction of the axis of rotation of the drill rod. 19. A method for drilling a hole using a fluid operated drilling device, the method comprises steps of:
pressurizing operating fluid with a fluid pressure supply unit; rotating a drill rod and a percussive hammer attached to the drill rod with a rotation device; leading pressurized operating fluid to a percussive hammer through the drill rod; using pressurized operating fluid in the percussive hammer to alternately elevate and impact a percussive piston by pressurizing a first space portion inside a piston housing elevate the piston and a second space portion inside the piston housing to impact the piston cause the percussive motion of a drill bit installed axially movably on the piston, the piston having a lower part and an upper part detachably connected to each other; guiding pressurized operating fluid straight from a back head through a fluid pressure supply passage directly to a hollow portion of the piston and discharging fluid from the first space portion and the second space portion outside the piston housing through an axial exhaust passage flush and lubricate a hollow interior of a main body between the piston and the main body of the hammer outside the piston housing; guiding the discharged fluid back inside the piston from the hollows interior through first communication channels to a second hollow portion of the piston for leading the discharged fluid outside the hammer through the bit unit. 20. Method according to claim 19, wherein said operating fluid includes additives to increase the viscosity of operating fluid above viscosity of water. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein said operating fluid is oil or mud. 22. (canceled) 23. The method according to claim 19, wherein the operating fluid has a viscosity of 0.01-20 Pas at a temperature of 20° C. | 2,800 |
342,870 | 16,642,601 | 2,816 | A processor for an electronic endoscope includes: a region detection unit configured to detect an enhancement processing target region to be enhanced from pixel information of a captured image of a living tissue; and an enhancement processing unit configured to perform enhancement processing on the enhancement processing target region detected by the region detection unit. The region detection unit is configured to repeat a candidate extraction process of extracting a focused pixel as a candidate for an enhancement processing target region when a signal level value of the focused pixel is smaller than signal level values of two farthest pixels located on both sides farthest from the focused pixel in any one of a plurality of pixel array directions in a region surrounded by a frame surrounding a region with the focused pixel as a center while changing a size of the frame. | 1. A processor for an electronic endoscope, which acquires a captured image of a living tissue and performs enhancement processing, comprising:
a region detection unit configured to detect an enhancement processing target region to be enhanced from pixel information of the captured image of the living tissue; and an enhancement processing unit configured to perform enhancement processing on the enhancement processing target region detected by the region detection unit, wherein the region detection unit is configured to repeat a candidate extraction process of extracting a focused pixel as a candidate for an enhancement processing target region when a signal level value of the focused pixel is smaller than signal level values of two farthest pixels located on both sides farthest from the focused pixel in any one of a plurality of pixel array directions in a region surrounded by a frame surrounding a region with the focused pixel as a center while changing a size of the frame, and to define the enhancement processing target region based on pixels extracted as the candidates by changing the size. 2. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
when a difference between each of the signal level values of the farthest pixels and the signal level value of the focused pixel is larger than a threshold 1, which is 2 or more at least at a discretized signal level in the signal level value, the region detection unit defines the focused pixel as the candidate for the enhancement processing target region. 3. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 2, wherein
the threshold 1 is larger as the size of the frame is larger. 4. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 2, wherein
the threshold 1 is set according to a location of an organ in a body cavity that is an object of the captured image. 5. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the region detection unit is configured to determine whether the focused pixel is the candidate for the enhancement processing target region when an absolute value of a difference of each of the signal level values of the farthest pixels with respect to the focused pixel er than a threshold 2. 6. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the region detection unit defines a pixel, which has been extracted as the candidate for the enhancement processing target region in a pixel array direction more times than a threshold 3 among four pixel array directions of an up-down direction, a left-right direction, an upper left-lower right direction, and an upper right-lower left direction in the frame having the same size in the candidate extraction process, as the enhancement processing target region among pixels extracted as the candidates. 7. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the frame is a frame of (2·i+1)×(2·i+1) pixels, where i is a natural number from 1 to 6. 8. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the enhancement processing is processing of reducing the signal level value of the detected enhancement processing target region. 9. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 8, wherein
the signal level value is a signal level value of a luminance signal of the captured image, or a signal level value of an R component among RGB components of the captured image. 10. An electronic endoscope system comprising:
the processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1; and an electronic endoscope which is connected to the processor for an electronic endoscope and outputs the captured image of the living tissue. | A processor for an electronic endoscope includes: a region detection unit configured to detect an enhancement processing target region to be enhanced from pixel information of a captured image of a living tissue; and an enhancement processing unit configured to perform enhancement processing on the enhancement processing target region detected by the region detection unit. The region detection unit is configured to repeat a candidate extraction process of extracting a focused pixel as a candidate for an enhancement processing target region when a signal level value of the focused pixel is smaller than signal level values of two farthest pixels located on both sides farthest from the focused pixel in any one of a plurality of pixel array directions in a region surrounded by a frame surrounding a region with the focused pixel as a center while changing a size of the frame.1. A processor for an electronic endoscope, which acquires a captured image of a living tissue and performs enhancement processing, comprising:
a region detection unit configured to detect an enhancement processing target region to be enhanced from pixel information of the captured image of the living tissue; and an enhancement processing unit configured to perform enhancement processing on the enhancement processing target region detected by the region detection unit, wherein the region detection unit is configured to repeat a candidate extraction process of extracting a focused pixel as a candidate for an enhancement processing target region when a signal level value of the focused pixel is smaller than signal level values of two farthest pixels located on both sides farthest from the focused pixel in any one of a plurality of pixel array directions in a region surrounded by a frame surrounding a region with the focused pixel as a center while changing a size of the frame, and to define the enhancement processing target region based on pixels extracted as the candidates by changing the size. 2. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
when a difference between each of the signal level values of the farthest pixels and the signal level value of the focused pixel is larger than a threshold 1, which is 2 or more at least at a discretized signal level in the signal level value, the region detection unit defines the focused pixel as the candidate for the enhancement processing target region. 3. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 2, wherein
the threshold 1 is larger as the size of the frame is larger. 4. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 2, wherein
the threshold 1 is set according to a location of an organ in a body cavity that is an object of the captured image. 5. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the region detection unit is configured to determine whether the focused pixel is the candidate for the enhancement processing target region when an absolute value of a difference of each of the signal level values of the farthest pixels with respect to the focused pixel er than a threshold 2. 6. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the region detection unit defines a pixel, which has been extracted as the candidate for the enhancement processing target region in a pixel array direction more times than a threshold 3 among four pixel array directions of an up-down direction, a left-right direction, an upper left-lower right direction, and an upper right-lower left direction in the frame having the same size in the candidate extraction process, as the enhancement processing target region among pixels extracted as the candidates. 7. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the frame is a frame of (2·i+1)×(2·i+1) pixels, where i is a natural number from 1 to 6. 8. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1, wherein
the enhancement processing is processing of reducing the signal level value of the detected enhancement processing target region. 9. The processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 8, wherein
the signal level value is a signal level value of a luminance signal of the captured image, or a signal level value of an R component among RGB components of the captured image. 10. An electronic endoscope system comprising:
the processor for an electronic endoscope according to claim 1; and an electronic endoscope which is connected to the processor for an electronic endoscope and outputs the captured image of the living tissue. | 2,800 |
342,871 | 16,642,596 | 2,816 | A liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The liquid crystal display panel includes a display region and an opening region in the display region; the display region includes a plurality of sub-pixels, the display region includes a first edge and a second edge opposite to the first edge, the display region includes a first region between the opening region and the first edge and a second region between the opening region and the second edge, an orthographic projection of the opening region on the first edge respectively coincides with orthographic projections of the first region and the second region on the first edge, the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a main sub-pixel in the first region and a secondary sub-pixel in the second region, and an area of the main sub-pixel is smaller than an area of the secondary sub-pixel. | 1. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising:
a display region, comprising a plurality of sub-pixels; and an opening region in the display region, wherein the display region comprises a first edge and a second edge opposite to the first edge, the display region comprises a first region and a second region, the first region is between the opening region and the first edge, the second region is between the opening region and the second edge, an orthographic projection of the opening region on the first edge respectively coincides with orthographic projections of the first region and the second region on the first edge, the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a main sub-pixel in the first region and a secondary sub-pixel of the second region, and an area of the main sub-pixel is smaller than an area of the secondary sub-pixel. 2. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the opening region comprises an opening and an opening frame surrounding the opening, the opening penetrates the liquid crystal display panel, and at least a part of signal lines connecting the first region and the second region passes through the opening region. 3. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first region, the opening region and the second region are arranged along the first direction, and a size of the main sub-pixel in the second direction is smaller than a size of the secondary sub-pixel in the second direction. 4. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 3, wherein the first direction is a column direction, the second direction is a row direction, and a number of main sub-pixels in each row of the first region is greater than a number of secondary sub-pixels in each row of the second region. 5. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 4, wherein the main sub-pixels comprise main sub-pixels of N colors, and the secondary sub-pixels comprise secondary sub-pixels of N colors; a number of the main sub-pixels in each row of the first region is P times of N, and numbers of main sub-pixels of different colors are the same; a number of the secondary sub-pixels in each row of the second region is Q times of N, and numbers of secondary sub-pixels of different colors are the same; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3, and P and Q are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. 6. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 5, wherein P/Q is any one selected from the group consisting of 5/4, 3/2, and 5/3. 7. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 5, wherein the signal lines comprise data lines, and N×Q data lines in N×P data lines of the main sub-pixels in the first region extend to the second region through the opening frame and are connected to the secondary sub-pixels. 8. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 3, wherein the first direction is a row direction, the second direction is a column direction, the second region, the opening region, and the first region are arranged along the row direction, and a number of main sub-pixels in each column of the first region is greater than a number of secondary sub-pixels in each column of the second region. 9. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 8, wherein the first region comprises G rows of main sub-pixels, the second region comprises H rows of secondary sub-pixels, and the signal lines comprise gate lines, H gate lines of G gate lines of the main sub-pixels of the first region extend to the second region through the opening frame and are connected to the secondary sub-pixels, G and H are positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and H is smaller than G. 10. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first region, the opening region, and the second region are arranged along the first direction, and a size of the main sub-pixel of the first region in the first direction is smaller than a size of the secondary sub-pixel of the second region in the first direction. 11. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the opening region and the second edge is smaller than a distance between the opening region and the first edge. 12. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the opening region and the second edge is smaller than one eighth of a distance between the opening region and the first edge. 13. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein a position of the first edge is configured to place a backlight. 14. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
an array substrate; an opposed substrate, opposite to the array substrate; and a liquid crystal layer, between the array substrate and the opposed substrate, wherein the opening frame further comprises a frame sealant to seal liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer outside the opening. 15. A display device, comprises:
the liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1; and a side-in backlight module, comprising a backlight source, wherein the backlight source is located at a position where the first edge is located. 16. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising:
an image acquisition element, located in the opening region. | A liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The liquid crystal display panel includes a display region and an opening region in the display region; the display region includes a plurality of sub-pixels, the display region includes a first edge and a second edge opposite to the first edge, the display region includes a first region between the opening region and the first edge and a second region between the opening region and the second edge, an orthographic projection of the opening region on the first edge respectively coincides with orthographic projections of the first region and the second region on the first edge, the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a main sub-pixel in the first region and a secondary sub-pixel in the second region, and an area of the main sub-pixel is smaller than an area of the secondary sub-pixel.1. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising:
a display region, comprising a plurality of sub-pixels; and an opening region in the display region, wherein the display region comprises a first edge and a second edge opposite to the first edge, the display region comprises a first region and a second region, the first region is between the opening region and the first edge, the second region is between the opening region and the second edge, an orthographic projection of the opening region on the first edge respectively coincides with orthographic projections of the first region and the second region on the first edge, the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a main sub-pixel in the first region and a secondary sub-pixel of the second region, and an area of the main sub-pixel is smaller than an area of the secondary sub-pixel. 2. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein the opening region comprises an opening and an opening frame surrounding the opening, the opening penetrates the liquid crystal display panel, and at least a part of signal lines connecting the first region and the second region passes through the opening region. 3. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first region, the opening region and the second region are arranged along the first direction, and a size of the main sub-pixel in the second direction is smaller than a size of the secondary sub-pixel in the second direction. 4. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 3, wherein the first direction is a column direction, the second direction is a row direction, and a number of main sub-pixels in each row of the first region is greater than a number of secondary sub-pixels in each row of the second region. 5. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 4, wherein the main sub-pixels comprise main sub-pixels of N colors, and the secondary sub-pixels comprise secondary sub-pixels of N colors; a number of the main sub-pixels in each row of the first region is P times of N, and numbers of main sub-pixels of different colors are the same; a number of the secondary sub-pixels in each row of the second region is Q times of N, and numbers of secondary sub-pixels of different colors are the same; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3, and P and Q are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. 6. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 5, wherein P/Q is any one selected from the group consisting of 5/4, 3/2, and 5/3. 7. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 5, wherein the signal lines comprise data lines, and N×Q data lines in N×P data lines of the main sub-pixels in the first region extend to the second region through the opening frame and are connected to the secondary sub-pixels. 8. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 3, wherein the first direction is a row direction, the second direction is a column direction, the second region, the opening region, and the first region are arranged along the row direction, and a number of main sub-pixels in each column of the first region is greater than a number of secondary sub-pixels in each column of the second region. 9. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 8, wherein the first region comprises G rows of main sub-pixels, the second region comprises H rows of secondary sub-pixels, and the signal lines comprise gate lines, H gate lines of G gate lines of the main sub-pixels of the first region extend to the second region through the opening frame and are connected to the secondary sub-pixels, G and H are positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and H is smaller than G. 10. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first region, the opening region, and the second region are arranged along the first direction, and a size of the main sub-pixel of the first region in the first direction is smaller than a size of the secondary sub-pixel of the second region in the first direction. 11. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the opening region and the second edge is smaller than a distance between the opening region and the first edge. 12. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the opening region and the second edge is smaller than one eighth of a distance between the opening region and the first edge. 13. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein a position of the first edge is configured to place a backlight. 14. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 2, further comprising:
an array substrate; an opposed substrate, opposite to the array substrate; and a liquid crystal layer, between the array substrate and the opposed substrate, wherein the opening frame further comprises a frame sealant to seal liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer outside the opening. 15. A display device, comprises:
the liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1; and a side-in backlight module, comprising a backlight source, wherein the backlight source is located at a position where the first edge is located. 16. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising:
an image acquisition element, located in the opening region. | 2,800 |
342,872 | 16,642,602 | 2,816 | A startup assistance device, which assists startup of an internal combustion engine in which fuel is supplied from an electronically controlled fuel injection device and ignition is performed by an ignition device, includes a recoil starter which is driven by manpower and which performs cranking for starting up the internal combustion engine, an electric rotary machine which adds torque to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine during at least one of a startup period of the internal combustion engine using the recoil starter and a standby period before the startup period, a power source unit which supplies power to the electric rotary machine, and a control unit which controls the magnitude and time of the torque output by the electric rotary machine. | 1. A startup assistance device which assists startup of an internal combustion engine in which fuel is supplied from an electronically controlled fuel injection device and ignition is performed by an ignition device, comprising:
a recoil starter which is driven by manpower and performs cranking for starting up the internal combustion engine; an electric rotary machine which applies torque to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine during at least one of a startup period of the internal combustion engine using the recoil starter and a standby period before the startup period; a power source unit which supplies power to the electric rotary machine; and a control unit which controls the magnitude and time of the torque output by the electric rotary machine. 2. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit controls the power source unit so that the electric rotary machine outputs top-output torque of the magnitude obtained by subtracting torque obtained by driving the recoil starter from torque required fora piston of the internal combustion engine to reach top dead center during the standby period. 3. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein
the power source unit includes a capacitor and a converter unit which converts output voltage of the capacitor into a multi-phase AC voltage, and the control unit stops output of the top-output torque by the electric rotary machine when a temperature of the power source unit exceeds a predetermined value. 4. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit controls the power source unit so that the electric rotary machine outputs a predetermined magnitude of torque for a predetermined time after the recoil starter is driven. 5. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined magnitude of the torque is the same as the top-output torque. 6. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined magnitude of the torque is the maximum torque that the electric rotary machine can output by receiving power from the power source unit. 7. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein
the control unit sets the predetermined magnitude of the torque as the maximum torque when a temperature of the fuel is equal to or lower than a threshold value. 8. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined magnitude of the torque is less than the top-output torque. 9. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined time is shorter as the output voltage of the power source unit is lower. | A startup assistance device, which assists startup of an internal combustion engine in which fuel is supplied from an electronically controlled fuel injection device and ignition is performed by an ignition device, includes a recoil starter which is driven by manpower and which performs cranking for starting up the internal combustion engine, an electric rotary machine which adds torque to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine during at least one of a startup period of the internal combustion engine using the recoil starter and a standby period before the startup period, a power source unit which supplies power to the electric rotary machine, and a control unit which controls the magnitude and time of the torque output by the electric rotary machine.1. A startup assistance device which assists startup of an internal combustion engine in which fuel is supplied from an electronically controlled fuel injection device and ignition is performed by an ignition device, comprising:
a recoil starter which is driven by manpower and performs cranking for starting up the internal combustion engine; an electric rotary machine which applies torque to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine during at least one of a startup period of the internal combustion engine using the recoil starter and a standby period before the startup period; a power source unit which supplies power to the electric rotary machine; and a control unit which controls the magnitude and time of the torque output by the electric rotary machine. 2. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit controls the power source unit so that the electric rotary machine outputs top-output torque of the magnitude obtained by subtracting torque obtained by driving the recoil starter from torque required fora piston of the internal combustion engine to reach top dead center during the standby period. 3. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein
the power source unit includes a capacitor and a converter unit which converts output voltage of the capacitor into a multi-phase AC voltage, and the control unit stops output of the top-output torque by the electric rotary machine when a temperature of the power source unit exceeds a predetermined value. 4. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit controls the power source unit so that the electric rotary machine outputs a predetermined magnitude of torque for a predetermined time after the recoil starter is driven. 5. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined magnitude of the torque is the same as the top-output torque. 6. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined magnitude of the torque is the maximum torque that the electric rotary machine can output by receiving power from the power source unit. 7. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein
the control unit sets the predetermined magnitude of the torque as the maximum torque when a temperature of the fuel is equal to or lower than a threshold value. 8. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined magnitude of the torque is less than the top-output torque. 9. The startup assistance device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined time is shorter as the output voltage of the power source unit is lower. | 2,800 |
342,873 | 16,642,585 | 2,816 | Methods, devices, and kits are provided for use in washing or cryopreserving live cells or tissue, such as fat graft tissue. | 1. A cell or tissue isolation, purification, and storage device comprising: a vessel having a first end and a second end defining an internal chamber divided by a filter that retains fat cells or tissue and having a volume between the second end and the filter of at least 3 mL; a first adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the first end of the vessel defining a first opening; and a second adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the second end of the vessel and defining a second opening. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is dimensioned to fit into a centrifuge able to centrifuge containers having a volume within the range of from 1 mL to 4 L and/or the device is constructed to withstand centrifugation with a G-force of at least 500 g. 3.-5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises two separable pieces, forming the contiguous sealed vessel, the pieces being connected by a slip connector or a screw connector at a point closer to the first end of the vessel than the second end of the vessel, and optionally adjacent to the first end of the vessel. 7.-9. (canceled) 10. The device of claim 1, having the diameter of a 10 mL medical syringe barrel, the vessel optionally having an outside diameter ranging from 16.5 to 18 mm, and a length ranging from 80 mm to 90 mm, and optionally wherein the internal volume of the vessel between the filter and the first end of the vessel ranges from 8 mL to 10 mL. 11. The device of claim 1, comprising live cells and, optionally, cryoprotectant, in the internal chamber of the vessel between the first end of the vessel and the filter. 12. A kit for use in isolating and storing cells, such as a fat graft, comprising:
from two to 25 cell or tissue storage devices, each storage device comprising a vessel having a first end and a second end defining an internal chamber divided by a filter that retains fat cells or tissue and having a volume between the second end and the filter of at least 3 mL; a first adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the first end of the vessel defining a first opening; and a second adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the second end of the vessel and defining a second opening; and at least one vessel, optionally having an adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, comprising an amount of cryoprotectant, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), human seum albumin, trehalose, or a combination of two or more of any of the preceding, able to cryopreserve at least 3 mL of cells or tissue, such as an adipose graft. 13. The kit of claim 12, wherein the device is dimensioned to fit into a centrifuge able to centrifuge containers having a volume within the range of from 1 mL to 4 L, and/or the device is constructed to withstand centrifugation with a G-force of at least 500 g. 14. The kit of claim 12, wherein the internal chamber of the vessel has a volume ranging from 5 mL to 100 mL. 15. The kit of claim 12, further comprising a storage container configured to store the two to 25 cell or tissue storage devices, optionally including labels for labeling the storage vessels and/or the storage container. 16. The kit of claim 12, further comprising a temperature logger. 17. The kit of claim 12, wherein the filter is closer to the second end of the vessel than the first end of one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels. 18. The kit of claim 12, wherein one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels comprises two separable pieces, forming the contiguous sealed vessel, the pieces being connected by a slip connector or a screw connector at a point closer to the first end of the vessel than the second end of the vessel, and optionally adjacent to the first end of the vessel. 19.-21. (canceled) 22. The kit of claim 12, wherein one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has a diameter of a 10 mL medical syringe barrel, the internal volume of one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels between the filter and the first end of the vessel ranges from 8 mL to 10 mL, one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has an outside diameter ranging from 5 mm to 25 mm, and a length ranging from 70 mm to 110 mm, one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has an outside diameter ranging from 16.5 to 18 mm, and a length ranging from 80 mm to 90 mm, and/or one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has a ratio of the length of the barrel to the outside diameter of the barrel is at least 4:1, or from 4:1 to 6:1. 23. (canceled) 24. A method of preparing a fat graft comprising: introducing fat tissue into the internal chamber of the device according to claim 1 through the second opening of the device; introducing an amount of a wash solution effective to wash the fat graft or an amount of a cryoprotectant effective to cryopreserve the fat graft into the internal chamber of the device through the first opening of the device; and mixing the fat tissue with the wash solution or the cryoprotectant; and either: when wash solution is introduced, centrifuging the device containing the fat graft with the first opening on the bottom, to separate the fat graft from the wash solution; and drawing the wash solution from the first end of the device, or when cryoprotectant is introduced, cooling the fat graft to a temperature below 0° C. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein wash solution is introduced into the device after the fat graft is introduced into the device; the wash solution and the fat graft are mixed; the fat graft is separated from the wash solution; and the wash solution is drawn from the first end of the device. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein cryoprotectant is introduced into the device after the fat graft is introduced into the device; the cryoprotectant and fat graft are mixed, and the fat graft is cooled to a temperature below 0° C. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the cryoprotectant comprises dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), human serum albumin (hSA), trehalose, or a combination of any of the preceding. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising after cooling the fat graft, raising the temperature of the fat graft to thaw the fat graft. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising separating the fat graft from the cryoprotectant; drawing the cryoprotectant from the first end of the device; and washing the fat graft by: introducing an amount of wash solution into the first end of the device effective to wash the fat graft, mixing the wash solution with the fat graft; separating the fat graft from the wash solution; and drawing the wash solution from the first end of the device. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising, centrifuging the device containing the thawed fat graft with the first opening on the bottom to separate the fat graft from the cryoprotectant; drawing the cryoprotectant from the first end of the device; and washing the fat graft by: introducing an amount of wash solution into the first end of the device effective to wash the fat graft, mixing the wash solution with the fat graft; centrifuging the device containing the fat graft with the first opening on the bottom, to separate the fat graft from the wash solution; and drawing the wash solution from the first end of the device. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the temperature of the fat graft during freezing or thawing is changed no more than 2° C. per minute, or no more than 1° C. per minute. | Methods, devices, and kits are provided for use in washing or cryopreserving live cells or tissue, such as fat graft tissue.1. A cell or tissue isolation, purification, and storage device comprising: a vessel having a first end and a second end defining an internal chamber divided by a filter that retains fat cells or tissue and having a volume between the second end and the filter of at least 3 mL; a first adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the first end of the vessel defining a first opening; and a second adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the second end of the vessel and defining a second opening. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is dimensioned to fit into a centrifuge able to centrifuge containers having a volume within the range of from 1 mL to 4 L and/or the device is constructed to withstand centrifugation with a G-force of at least 500 g. 3.-5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises two separable pieces, forming the contiguous sealed vessel, the pieces being connected by a slip connector or a screw connector at a point closer to the first end of the vessel than the second end of the vessel, and optionally adjacent to the first end of the vessel. 7.-9. (canceled) 10. The device of claim 1, having the diameter of a 10 mL medical syringe barrel, the vessel optionally having an outside diameter ranging from 16.5 to 18 mm, and a length ranging from 80 mm to 90 mm, and optionally wherein the internal volume of the vessel between the filter and the first end of the vessel ranges from 8 mL to 10 mL. 11. The device of claim 1, comprising live cells and, optionally, cryoprotectant, in the internal chamber of the vessel between the first end of the vessel and the filter. 12. A kit for use in isolating and storing cells, such as a fat graft, comprising:
from two to 25 cell or tissue storage devices, each storage device comprising a vessel having a first end and a second end defining an internal chamber divided by a filter that retains fat cells or tissue and having a volume between the second end and the filter of at least 3 mL; a first adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the first end of the vessel defining a first opening; and a second adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, at the second end of the vessel and defining a second opening; and at least one vessel, optionally having an adaptor or connector, such as a Luer lock or slip connector, comprising an amount of cryoprotectant, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), human seum albumin, trehalose, or a combination of two or more of any of the preceding, able to cryopreserve at least 3 mL of cells or tissue, such as an adipose graft. 13. The kit of claim 12, wherein the device is dimensioned to fit into a centrifuge able to centrifuge containers having a volume within the range of from 1 mL to 4 L, and/or the device is constructed to withstand centrifugation with a G-force of at least 500 g. 14. The kit of claim 12, wherein the internal chamber of the vessel has a volume ranging from 5 mL to 100 mL. 15. The kit of claim 12, further comprising a storage container configured to store the two to 25 cell or tissue storage devices, optionally including labels for labeling the storage vessels and/or the storage container. 16. The kit of claim 12, further comprising a temperature logger. 17. The kit of claim 12, wherein the filter is closer to the second end of the vessel than the first end of one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels. 18. The kit of claim 12, wherein one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels comprises two separable pieces, forming the contiguous sealed vessel, the pieces being connected by a slip connector or a screw connector at a point closer to the first end of the vessel than the second end of the vessel, and optionally adjacent to the first end of the vessel. 19.-21. (canceled) 22. The kit of claim 12, wherein one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has a diameter of a 10 mL medical syringe barrel, the internal volume of one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels between the filter and the first end of the vessel ranges from 8 mL to 10 mL, one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has an outside diameter ranging from 5 mm to 25 mm, and a length ranging from 70 mm to 110 mm, one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has an outside diameter ranging from 16.5 to 18 mm, and a length ranging from 80 mm to 90 mm, and/or one or more, or all, of the two to 25 vessels has a ratio of the length of the barrel to the outside diameter of the barrel is at least 4:1, or from 4:1 to 6:1. 23. (canceled) 24. A method of preparing a fat graft comprising: introducing fat tissue into the internal chamber of the device according to claim 1 through the second opening of the device; introducing an amount of a wash solution effective to wash the fat graft or an amount of a cryoprotectant effective to cryopreserve the fat graft into the internal chamber of the device through the first opening of the device; and mixing the fat tissue with the wash solution or the cryoprotectant; and either: when wash solution is introduced, centrifuging the device containing the fat graft with the first opening on the bottom, to separate the fat graft from the wash solution; and drawing the wash solution from the first end of the device, or when cryoprotectant is introduced, cooling the fat graft to a temperature below 0° C. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein wash solution is introduced into the device after the fat graft is introduced into the device; the wash solution and the fat graft are mixed; the fat graft is separated from the wash solution; and the wash solution is drawn from the first end of the device. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein cryoprotectant is introduced into the device after the fat graft is introduced into the device; the cryoprotectant and fat graft are mixed, and the fat graft is cooled to a temperature below 0° C. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the cryoprotectant comprises dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), human serum albumin (hSA), trehalose, or a combination of any of the preceding. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising after cooling the fat graft, raising the temperature of the fat graft to thaw the fat graft. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising separating the fat graft from the cryoprotectant; drawing the cryoprotectant from the first end of the device; and washing the fat graft by: introducing an amount of wash solution into the first end of the device effective to wash the fat graft, mixing the wash solution with the fat graft; separating the fat graft from the wash solution; and drawing the wash solution from the first end of the device. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising, centrifuging the device containing the thawed fat graft with the first opening on the bottom to separate the fat graft from the cryoprotectant; drawing the cryoprotectant from the first end of the device; and washing the fat graft by: introducing an amount of wash solution into the first end of the device effective to wash the fat graft, mixing the wash solution with the fat graft; centrifuging the device containing the fat graft with the first opening on the bottom, to separate the fat graft from the wash solution; and drawing the wash solution from the first end of the device. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the temperature of the fat graft during freezing or thawing is changed no more than 2° C. per minute, or no more than 1° C. per minute. | 2,800 |
342,874 | 16,642,577 | 2,816 | A method is directed to recovering a target file by an audio/video receiving equipment, the audio/video receiving equipment including at least two communication interfaces, including a first communication interface able to receive broadcast data and a second communication interface able to establish a bidirectional dialog with a server. The method makes possible to make data available simultaneously: in the “normal” direction, from the beginning to the end, on an IP interface via a file server (HTTP/FTP/etc.); in the “reverse” direction, from the end to the beginning, on a broadcast interface via a DSM-CC carousel, referred to as a dedicated channel. Thus the audio/video reception equipment can efficiently recover the data by simultaneously using two communication interfaces including at least one unidirectional interface. | 1. A method for recovering a target file by an audio/video receiving equipment, said audio/video receiving equipment including at least two communication interfaces, including a first communication interface able to receive broadcast data and a second communication interface able to establish a bidirectional dialog with a server, the method comprising:
connecting the first communication interface on a predetermined channel broadcasting target data, the data being structured as packets, each packet being of a type among predefined types; receiving via the first communication interface a description packet including information about the structure of the data packets making up the target file; allocating a storage zone of a determined size according to the description, each packet being associated with a size, the size of the storage zone being equal to the sum of the packet sizes; receiving via the first interface a first data packet, each data packet including:
a packet rank identifier representing the rank of the packet among all the packets of the target file;
data in an amount such as described by the description packet received;
transmitting a first request via the second communication interface to obtain the target file from a determined request position from the position in the target file of the first packet received; recording the data received by the first interface in the allocated storage zone, each data packet being recorded from a position equal to the sum of the sizes of the packets of a lower rank than its own in the storage zone; recording data received by the second interface in the allocated storage zone, the bytes received being continuously recorded from the position used by the first request in the storage zone; stopping recordings when the allocated storage zone is full. 2. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the information about the packet structure includes at least one number of data packets to reconstitute the target file and at least one size Tp of a data packet associated with at least one packet rank. 3. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the information about the packet structure includes the number of data packets to reconstitute the target file, the size of a packet being known a priori and all the packets having the same size. 4. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the information about the packet structure includes the size of a packet and the size of the target file. 5. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the data are received in different orders on both interfaces. 6. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 5, wherein the data packets received via the first interface are received in decreasing rank. 7. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein when the value obtained by adding the position used by the first request with the amount of data obtained in response to the first request becomes higher than or equal to the size of the allocated storage zone, then the method includes the following steps of:
ending recording the received data by the second interface in response to the first request; transmitting a second request via the second communication interface to obtain the target file from a request position equal to 0; recording the data received by the second interface, in response to the second request, in the allocated storage zone, the bytes received being continuously recorded from the beginning of the storage zone. 8. The method for recovering a target file by an audio/video receiving equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the current writing position, in the storage zone, of data received via the second interface has been lower than the current writing position, in the storage zone, of data received via the first interface, and when the current writing position, in the storage zone, of data received via the second interface becomes higher than the current writing position in the storage zone of data received via the first interface, then the method implements the following steps of:
ending recording the data received by the second interface; transmitting a third request via the second communication interface to obtain the target file from a request position equal to the position of a first missing packet; recording the data received by the second interface, in response to the third request, in the allocated storage zone, the bytes received being continuously recorded from the position used by the third request in the storage zone up to the size of the packet; repeating the previous steps as long as there are missing packets. 9. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the data of a data packet received via the first interface are recorded in the storage zone only if the data packet identifier is associated, at the receiving equipment, with data absence information. 10. A non-transitory memory device including instruction codes for implementing the method according to claim 1. 11. An audio/video receiving equipment implementing a method according to claim 1. 12. A computer program product including instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the same to implement the steps of the method according to claim 1. | A method is directed to recovering a target file by an audio/video receiving equipment, the audio/video receiving equipment including at least two communication interfaces, including a first communication interface able to receive broadcast data and a second communication interface able to establish a bidirectional dialog with a server. The method makes possible to make data available simultaneously: in the “normal” direction, from the beginning to the end, on an IP interface via a file server (HTTP/FTP/etc.); in the “reverse” direction, from the end to the beginning, on a broadcast interface via a DSM-CC carousel, referred to as a dedicated channel. Thus the audio/video reception equipment can efficiently recover the data by simultaneously using two communication interfaces including at least one unidirectional interface.1. A method for recovering a target file by an audio/video receiving equipment, said audio/video receiving equipment including at least two communication interfaces, including a first communication interface able to receive broadcast data and a second communication interface able to establish a bidirectional dialog with a server, the method comprising:
connecting the first communication interface on a predetermined channel broadcasting target data, the data being structured as packets, each packet being of a type among predefined types; receiving via the first communication interface a description packet including information about the structure of the data packets making up the target file; allocating a storage zone of a determined size according to the description, each packet being associated with a size, the size of the storage zone being equal to the sum of the packet sizes; receiving via the first interface a first data packet, each data packet including:
a packet rank identifier representing the rank of the packet among all the packets of the target file;
data in an amount such as described by the description packet received;
transmitting a first request via the second communication interface to obtain the target file from a determined request position from the position in the target file of the first packet received; recording the data received by the first interface in the allocated storage zone, each data packet being recorded from a position equal to the sum of the sizes of the packets of a lower rank than its own in the storage zone; recording data received by the second interface in the allocated storage zone, the bytes received being continuously recorded from the position used by the first request in the storage zone; stopping recordings when the allocated storage zone is full. 2. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the information about the packet structure includes at least one number of data packets to reconstitute the target file and at least one size Tp of a data packet associated with at least one packet rank. 3. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the information about the packet structure includes the number of data packets to reconstitute the target file, the size of a packet being known a priori and all the packets having the same size. 4. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the information about the packet structure includes the size of a packet and the size of the target file. 5. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the data are received in different orders on both interfaces. 6. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 5, wherein the data packets received via the first interface are received in decreasing rank. 7. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein when the value obtained by adding the position used by the first request with the amount of data obtained in response to the first request becomes higher than or equal to the size of the allocated storage zone, then the method includes the following steps of:
ending recording the received data by the second interface in response to the first request; transmitting a second request via the second communication interface to obtain the target file from a request position equal to 0; recording the data received by the second interface, in response to the second request, in the allocated storage zone, the bytes received being continuously recorded from the beginning of the storage zone. 8. The method for recovering a target file by an audio/video receiving equipment according to claim 1, wherein when the current writing position, in the storage zone, of data received via the second interface has been lower than the current writing position, in the storage zone, of data received via the first interface, and when the current writing position, in the storage zone, of data received via the second interface becomes higher than the current writing position in the storage zone of data received via the first interface, then the method implements the following steps of:
ending recording the data received by the second interface; transmitting a third request via the second communication interface to obtain the target file from a request position equal to the position of a first missing packet; recording the data received by the second interface, in response to the third request, in the allocated storage zone, the bytes received being continuously recorded from the position used by the third request in the storage zone up to the size of the packet; repeating the previous steps as long as there are missing packets. 9. The method for recovering a target file according to claim 1, wherein the data of a data packet received via the first interface are recorded in the storage zone only if the data packet identifier is associated, at the receiving equipment, with data absence information. 10. A non-transitory memory device including instruction codes for implementing the method according to claim 1. 11. An audio/video receiving equipment implementing a method according to claim 1. 12. A computer program product including instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the same to implement the steps of the method according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
342,875 | 16,642,623 | 2,816 | Disclosed is an adhesive tape having an adhesive layer on one side or both sides of a polyolefin-based foam substrate containing closed cells, wherein the 65% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 6.0 MPa or less and the 80% compressive strength thereof is 20 MPa or less. This adhesive tape is excellent in flexibility at high compression, and excellent in performances such as, for example, impact resistance and, stability when deformed greatly. | 1. An adhesive tape having an adhesive layer on one side or both sides of a polyolefin-based foam substrate containing closed cells, wherein the 65% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 6.0 MPa or less and the 80% compressive strength thereof is 20 MPa or less. 2. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the 70% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 7.0 MPa or less. 3. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the 75% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 9.5 MPa or less. 4. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the closed cells have an average cell size of 0.04 to 0.45 mm. 5. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the density of the polyolefin-based foam substrate is 50 to 300 kg/m3. 6. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the polyolefin-based foam substrate is 0.06 to 2.0 mm. 7. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin-based foam substrate has no supporting film. 8. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer contains a (meth) acrylate copolymer. 9. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer does not contain a tackifying resin. 10. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer strength of the polyolefin-based foam substrate is 7 N/cm or more. 11. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, which is an adhesive tape for electronic equipment. | Disclosed is an adhesive tape having an adhesive layer on one side or both sides of a polyolefin-based foam substrate containing closed cells, wherein the 65% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 6.0 MPa or less and the 80% compressive strength thereof is 20 MPa or less. This adhesive tape is excellent in flexibility at high compression, and excellent in performances such as, for example, impact resistance and, stability when deformed greatly.1. An adhesive tape having an adhesive layer on one side or both sides of a polyolefin-based foam substrate containing closed cells, wherein the 65% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 6.0 MPa or less and the 80% compressive strength thereof is 20 MPa or less. 2. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the 70% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 7.0 MPa or less. 3. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the 75% compressive strength measured by compressive strength measurement according to JIS K 7181 is 9.5 MPa or less. 4. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the closed cells have an average cell size of 0.04 to 0.45 mm. 5. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the density of the polyolefin-based foam substrate is 50 to 300 kg/m3. 6. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the polyolefin-based foam substrate is 0.06 to 2.0 mm. 7. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin-based foam substrate has no supporting film. 8. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer contains a (meth) acrylate copolymer. 9. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer does not contain a tackifying resin. 10. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer strength of the polyolefin-based foam substrate is 7 N/cm or more. 11. The adhesive tape according to claim 1, which is an adhesive tape for electronic equipment. | 2,800 |
342,876 | 16,642,594 | 2,816 | An antenna terminal is connected to a first filter and second filter, which are branched from each other when viewed from the antenna terminal, and are different in passing bands from each other. An individual inductor is connected in series to a branch point from which the first filter is branched to be independent from other filters when viewed from the antenna terminal. And a common inductor is located between a position between the antenna terminal and the branch point and a reference potential and is commonly connected in parallel with respect to the filters. The first filter is higher in frequency of passing band compared with the other filters. A susceptance when viewing the second filter side from the antenna terminal is larger than a susceptance when viewing the first filter side from the antenna terminal at frequencies of passing bands of them. | 1. A filter device comprising:
an antenna terminal, two or more filters which are connected to the antenna terminal, are branched from each other when viewed from the antenna terminal, and are different in passing bands from each other, an individual inductor which is connected in series between a first filter among the two or more filters and a branch point from which the first filter is branched to be independent from other filters among the two or more filters when viewed from the antenna terminal, and a common inductor which is located between a position between the antenna terminal and the branch point and a reference potential and is commonly connected in parallel with respect to the two or more filters, wherein the first filter is higher in frequency of passing band compared with the other filters among the two or more filters, the two or more filters include a second filter, and, a susceptance when viewing the second filter from the antenna terminal side at the frequency of a passing band of the second filter is larger than a susceptance when viewing the first filter from the antenna terminal side at a frequency of a passing band of the first filter. 2. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein the individual inductor has a smaller inductance than that of the common inductor. 3. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein each of the two or more filters includes at least one surface acoustic wave resonator. 4. The filter device according to claim 3, wherein a combined capacity of a surface acoustic wave resonator located closest to the antenna terminal side among the surface acoustic wave resonators configuring the first filter is larger than a combined capacity of a surface acoustic wave resonator located closest to the antenna terminal side among the surface acoustic wave resonators configuring the second filter. 5. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein the two or more filters include a third filter and a fourth filter. 6. The filter device according to claim 5, wherein when the passing bands of the two or more filters are arranged in order of frequencies, an interval between the passing band of the first filter and a passing band neighboring to the first filter is broader than any interval between any other neighboring passing bands. 7. The filter device according to claim 5, wherein, at the frequency of the passing band of the first filter, a susceptance when viewing the third filter side from the antenna terminal is larger than a susceptance when viewing the first filter side from the antenna terminal. 8. The filter device according to claim 5, wherein the first filter is a reception filter, and the second filter and the third filter are transmission filters. 9. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein:
the two or more filters includes a first acoustic wave filter and a second acoustic wave filter, the filter device comprises
structure which comprises a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side to the first surface, comprises an antenna terminal, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a ground terminal on the first surface and in which the terminals are electrically led out to the second surface side,
a first acoustic wave filter which is located on the second surface side in the structure, is electrically connected between the antenna terminal and the first terminal and includes a longitudinally coupled filter, and
a second acoustic wave filter which is located on the second surface side in the structure and is electrically connected between the antenna terminal and the second terminal,
the first acoustic wave filter comprises a first ground port on the antenna terminal side of the longitudinally coupled filter and a second ground port on the first terminal side of the longitudinally coupled filter which are electrically connected to the ground terminal, the second acoustic wave filter comprises a third ground port which is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the structure, between the first surface and the second surface, comprises
a first inductor which is connected in series between the first ground port and the ground terminal,
a second inductor which is connected in series between the second ground port and the ground terminal, and
a ground wiring which electrically connects one of the ground terminal side of the first inductor and the ground terminal side of the second inductor with the third ground port and is not connected to the other of the ground terminal side of the first inductor and the ground terminal side of the second inductor. 10. A communication apparatus comprising:
a filter device according to claim 1, an antenna which is connected to the antenna terminal side of the filter device, and an RF-IC which is connected to another side of the filter device which is opposite to the antenna terminal. | An antenna terminal is connected to a first filter and second filter, which are branched from each other when viewed from the antenna terminal, and are different in passing bands from each other. An individual inductor is connected in series to a branch point from which the first filter is branched to be independent from other filters when viewed from the antenna terminal. And a common inductor is located between a position between the antenna terminal and the branch point and a reference potential and is commonly connected in parallel with respect to the filters. The first filter is higher in frequency of passing band compared with the other filters. A susceptance when viewing the second filter side from the antenna terminal is larger than a susceptance when viewing the first filter side from the antenna terminal at frequencies of passing bands of them.1. A filter device comprising:
an antenna terminal, two or more filters which are connected to the antenna terminal, are branched from each other when viewed from the antenna terminal, and are different in passing bands from each other, an individual inductor which is connected in series between a first filter among the two or more filters and a branch point from which the first filter is branched to be independent from other filters among the two or more filters when viewed from the antenna terminal, and a common inductor which is located between a position between the antenna terminal and the branch point and a reference potential and is commonly connected in parallel with respect to the two or more filters, wherein the first filter is higher in frequency of passing band compared with the other filters among the two or more filters, the two or more filters include a second filter, and, a susceptance when viewing the second filter from the antenna terminal side at the frequency of a passing band of the second filter is larger than a susceptance when viewing the first filter from the antenna terminal side at a frequency of a passing band of the first filter. 2. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein the individual inductor has a smaller inductance than that of the common inductor. 3. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein each of the two or more filters includes at least one surface acoustic wave resonator. 4. The filter device according to claim 3, wherein a combined capacity of a surface acoustic wave resonator located closest to the antenna terminal side among the surface acoustic wave resonators configuring the first filter is larger than a combined capacity of a surface acoustic wave resonator located closest to the antenna terminal side among the surface acoustic wave resonators configuring the second filter. 5. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein the two or more filters include a third filter and a fourth filter. 6. The filter device according to claim 5, wherein when the passing bands of the two or more filters are arranged in order of frequencies, an interval between the passing band of the first filter and a passing band neighboring to the first filter is broader than any interval between any other neighboring passing bands. 7. The filter device according to claim 5, wherein, at the frequency of the passing band of the first filter, a susceptance when viewing the third filter side from the antenna terminal is larger than a susceptance when viewing the first filter side from the antenna terminal. 8. The filter device according to claim 5, wherein the first filter is a reception filter, and the second filter and the third filter are transmission filters. 9. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein:
the two or more filters includes a first acoustic wave filter and a second acoustic wave filter, the filter device comprises
structure which comprises a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side to the first surface, comprises an antenna terminal, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a ground terminal on the first surface and in which the terminals are electrically led out to the second surface side,
a first acoustic wave filter which is located on the second surface side in the structure, is electrically connected between the antenna terminal and the first terminal and includes a longitudinally coupled filter, and
a second acoustic wave filter which is located on the second surface side in the structure and is electrically connected between the antenna terminal and the second terminal,
the first acoustic wave filter comprises a first ground port on the antenna terminal side of the longitudinally coupled filter and a second ground port on the first terminal side of the longitudinally coupled filter which are electrically connected to the ground terminal, the second acoustic wave filter comprises a third ground port which is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the structure, between the first surface and the second surface, comprises
a first inductor which is connected in series between the first ground port and the ground terminal,
a second inductor which is connected in series between the second ground port and the ground terminal, and
a ground wiring which electrically connects one of the ground terminal side of the first inductor and the ground terminal side of the second inductor with the third ground port and is not connected to the other of the ground terminal side of the first inductor and the ground terminal side of the second inductor. 10. A communication apparatus comprising:
a filter device according to claim 1, an antenna which is connected to the antenna terminal side of the filter device, and an RF-IC which is connected to another side of the filter device which is opposite to the antenna terminal. | 2,800 |
342,877 | 16,642,619 | 2,641 | A server computing device configured to receive, via an anonymization network and from a first mobile computing device that determines a location from a set of locations of the first mobile computing device is within a threshold distance of an event, a proximity indication that a first user associated with the first mobile computing device is proximate to the event; in response to receiving an indication of a remittance for the event from a second user, generate an association between the remittance and the event; in response to receiving descriptive data that is descriptive of the event, send the descriptive data to a second mobile computing device of the second user; and in response to receiving an indication to release the remittance, send a message that executes a transaction that transfers at least a portion of the amount of the remittance to an account associated with the first user. | 1.-26. (canceled) 27. A system comprising:
a first mobile computing device associated with a first user; a second computing device; at least one server computing device communicatively coupled to the first mobile computing device and the second computing device; wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to receive from the at least one server computing device a respective set of locations associated with a respective set of events and is configured to output graphical elements that correspond to the respective set of events; wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to generate descriptive data based at least in part on input from the first user that is descriptive of an event and is configured to anonymously send the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device; wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to interoperate with a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks and is configured to provide a cryptocurrency remittance for the descriptive data associated with the event, wherein the descriptive data based at least in part on the input from the first user that is descriptive of the event is associated with the event at the at least one server computing device; and wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to, in response to receiving an indication from the second computing device to release the cryptocurrency remittance associated with the event, initiate a transaction that transfers at least a portion of an amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to an account associated with the first user and from an account controlled by at least one of a second user or an operator of a service provided by the at least one server computing device. 28. The system of claim 27:
wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to anonymously send the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device using an anonymization network; wherein the anonymization network comprises a plurality of relay network devices, wherein the plurality of relay network devices includes an ingress relay network device communicatively coupled to the first mobile computing device, and the plurality of relay network devices comprises an egress relay network device communicatively coupled to the at least one server computing device, and wherein a set of intermediate relay network devices in a communication route between the ingress and egress relay network devices are configured to provide the communicate route between the first mobile computing device and the at least one server computing device; wherein the descriptive data is received by the ingress relay network device from the first mobile computing device, and wherein each relay network device in the set of relay network devices is configured to encrypt the descriptive data before the descriptive data is forwarded to another relay network device in the communicate route; and wherein the egress relay network device is configured to decrypt the descriptive data and forward the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device, such that the first mobile computing device is anonymous to the at least one server computing device. 29. The system of claim 27:
wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to select a set of target relevance data; wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to select targeted content based at least in part on the target relevance data; and wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to send the targeted content to the first mobile computing device. 30. The system of claim 27:
wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to output for display a map comprising one or more graphical elements that correspond to the respective set of events; and wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to output for display the targeted content that is based at least in part on the target relevance data. 31. The system of claim 27, wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to contemporaneously output for display, in a single user interface, a type of the event, a location of the event, and the descriptive data from the first user that is descriptive of the event. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to contemporaneously output for display, in the single user interface, date information associated with the event. 33. The system of claim 31:
wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to receive, from the at least one server computing device, second descriptive data that is generated by at least one other user; and wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to output for display the second descriptive data that is descriptive of the event with the descriptive data that is based at least in part on input from the first user. 34. The system of claim 27, wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to send a message to the first mobile computing device that indicates the transfer of at least the portion of the amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to the account associated with the first user and from the account controlled by at least one of the second user or the operator of the service provided by the at least one server computing device. 35. The system of claim 27, wherein the event comprises at least one of a crime, suspected crime, occurrence, or congregation of people. 36. The system of claim 27, wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to store, in an application configured to communicate with the at least one server, the account information for the account associated with the first user. 37. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive, from at least one server computing device, a respective set of events associated with a respective set of locations for output at the mobile computing device as graphical elements visually positioned based at least in part on the respective set of locations; generate descriptive data based at least in part on input from a first user that is descriptive of an event and anonymously send the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device, wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to interoperate with a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks and is configured to provide a cryptocurrency remittance for the descriptive data associated with the event, wherein the descriptive data based at least in part on the input from the first user that is descriptive of the event is associated with the event at the at least one server computing device; and receive a message from the at least one server computing device that is based at least in part on initiation of a transaction by the at least one server computing device that transfers at least a portion of an amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to an account associated with the first user and from an account controlled by at least one of a second user or an operator of a service provided by the at least one server computing device. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 37, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive targeted content from the at least one server computing device that selected the targeted content based at least in part on target relevance data. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 38, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
output for display a map comprising one or more graphical elements that correspond to the respective set of events; and output for display the targeted content that is based at least in part on the target relevance data. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 38, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
contemporaneously output for display, in a single user interface, a type of the event, a location of the event, and the descriptive data from the first user that is descriptive of the event. 41. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 40, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive, from the at least one server computing device, second descriptive data that is generated by at least one other user; and output for display the second descriptive data that is descriptive of the event with the descriptive data that is based at least in part on input from the first user. 42. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
send, to a mobile computing device, a respective set of events associated with a respective set of locations for output at the mobile computing device as graphical elements visually positioned based at least in part on the respective set of locations; receive descriptive data anonymously from the mobile computing device that is generated based at least in part on input from a first user of the mobile computing device that is descriptive of an event; configure, the server computing device, to interoperate with a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks and provide a cryptocurrency remittance for the descriptive data associated with the event, wherein the descriptive data based at least in part on the input from the first user that is descriptive of the event is associated with the event at the at least one server computing device; and in response to receiving an indication to release the cryptocurrency remittance associated with the event, initiate a transaction that transfers at least a portion of an amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to an account associated with the first user and from an account controlled by at least one of a second user or an operator of a service provided by the at least one server computing device. 43. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
send, to at least one other computing device for contemporaneous display, a type of the event, a location of the event, and the descriptive data from the first user that is descriptive of the event. 44. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive second descriptive data for the event that is generated by at least one other user; and
send, to the mobile computing device for contemporaneous display, the second descriptive data that is descriptive of the event with the descriptive data that is based at least in part on input from the first user. 45. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
send a message to the mobile computing device that indicates the transfer of at least the portion of the amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to the account associated with the first user and from the account controlled by at least one of the second user or the operator of the service provided by the at least one server computing device. 46. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
select a set of target relevance data;
select targeted content based at least in part on the set of target relevance data; and
send the targeted content to the mobile computing device. | A server computing device configured to receive, via an anonymization network and from a first mobile computing device that determines a location from a set of locations of the first mobile computing device is within a threshold distance of an event, a proximity indication that a first user associated with the first mobile computing device is proximate to the event; in response to receiving an indication of a remittance for the event from a second user, generate an association between the remittance and the event; in response to receiving descriptive data that is descriptive of the event, send the descriptive data to a second mobile computing device of the second user; and in response to receiving an indication to release the remittance, send a message that executes a transaction that transfers at least a portion of the amount of the remittance to an account associated with the first user.1.-26. (canceled) 27. A system comprising:
a first mobile computing device associated with a first user; a second computing device; at least one server computing device communicatively coupled to the first mobile computing device and the second computing device; wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to receive from the at least one server computing device a respective set of locations associated with a respective set of events and is configured to output graphical elements that correspond to the respective set of events; wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to generate descriptive data based at least in part on input from the first user that is descriptive of an event and is configured to anonymously send the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device; wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to interoperate with a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks and is configured to provide a cryptocurrency remittance for the descriptive data associated with the event, wherein the descriptive data based at least in part on the input from the first user that is descriptive of the event is associated with the event at the at least one server computing device; and wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to, in response to receiving an indication from the second computing device to release the cryptocurrency remittance associated with the event, initiate a transaction that transfers at least a portion of an amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to an account associated with the first user and from an account controlled by at least one of a second user or an operator of a service provided by the at least one server computing device. 28. The system of claim 27:
wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to anonymously send the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device using an anonymization network; wherein the anonymization network comprises a plurality of relay network devices, wherein the plurality of relay network devices includes an ingress relay network device communicatively coupled to the first mobile computing device, and the plurality of relay network devices comprises an egress relay network device communicatively coupled to the at least one server computing device, and wherein a set of intermediate relay network devices in a communication route between the ingress and egress relay network devices are configured to provide the communicate route between the first mobile computing device and the at least one server computing device; wherein the descriptive data is received by the ingress relay network device from the first mobile computing device, and wherein each relay network device in the set of relay network devices is configured to encrypt the descriptive data before the descriptive data is forwarded to another relay network device in the communicate route; and wherein the egress relay network device is configured to decrypt the descriptive data and forward the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device, such that the first mobile computing device is anonymous to the at least one server computing device. 29. The system of claim 27:
wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to select a set of target relevance data; wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to select targeted content based at least in part on the target relevance data; and wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to send the targeted content to the first mobile computing device. 30. The system of claim 27:
wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to output for display a map comprising one or more graphical elements that correspond to the respective set of events; and wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to output for display the targeted content that is based at least in part on the target relevance data. 31. The system of claim 27, wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to contemporaneously output for display, in a single user interface, a type of the event, a location of the event, and the descriptive data from the first user that is descriptive of the event. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to contemporaneously output for display, in the single user interface, date information associated with the event. 33. The system of claim 31:
wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to receive, from the at least one server computing device, second descriptive data that is generated by at least one other user; and wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to output for display the second descriptive data that is descriptive of the event with the descriptive data that is based at least in part on input from the first user. 34. The system of claim 27, wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to send a message to the first mobile computing device that indicates the transfer of at least the portion of the amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to the account associated with the first user and from the account controlled by at least one of the second user or the operator of the service provided by the at least one server computing device. 35. The system of claim 27, wherein the event comprises at least one of a crime, suspected crime, occurrence, or congregation of people. 36. The system of claim 27, wherein the first mobile computing device is configured to store, in an application configured to communicate with the at least one server, the account information for the account associated with the first user. 37. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive, from at least one server computing device, a respective set of events associated with a respective set of locations for output at the mobile computing device as graphical elements visually positioned based at least in part on the respective set of locations; generate descriptive data based at least in part on input from a first user that is descriptive of an event and anonymously send the descriptive data to the at least one server computing device, wherein the at least one server computing device is configured to interoperate with a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks and is configured to provide a cryptocurrency remittance for the descriptive data associated with the event, wherein the descriptive data based at least in part on the input from the first user that is descriptive of the event is associated with the event at the at least one server computing device; and receive a message from the at least one server computing device that is based at least in part on initiation of a transaction by the at least one server computing device that transfers at least a portion of an amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to an account associated with the first user and from an account controlled by at least one of a second user or an operator of a service provided by the at least one server computing device. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 37, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive targeted content from the at least one server computing device that selected the targeted content based at least in part on target relevance data. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 38, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
output for display a map comprising one or more graphical elements that correspond to the respective set of events; and output for display the targeted content that is based at least in part on the target relevance data. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 38, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
contemporaneously output for display, in a single user interface, a type of the event, a location of the event, and the descriptive data from the first user that is descriptive of the event. 41. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 40, comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors of the mobile computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive, from the at least one server computing device, second descriptive data that is generated by at least one other user; and output for display the second descriptive data that is descriptive of the event with the descriptive data that is based at least in part on input from the first user. 42. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
send, to a mobile computing device, a respective set of events associated with a respective set of locations for output at the mobile computing device as graphical elements visually positioned based at least in part on the respective set of locations; receive descriptive data anonymously from the mobile computing device that is generated based at least in part on input from a first user of the mobile computing device that is descriptive of an event; configure, the server computing device, to interoperate with a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks and provide a cryptocurrency remittance for the descriptive data associated with the event, wherein the descriptive data based at least in part on the input from the first user that is descriptive of the event is associated with the event at the at least one server computing device; and in response to receiving an indication to release the cryptocurrency remittance associated with the event, initiate a transaction that transfers at least a portion of an amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to an account associated with the first user and from an account controlled by at least one of a second user or an operator of a service provided by the at least one server computing device. 43. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
send, to at least one other computing device for contemporaneous display, a type of the event, a location of the event, and the descriptive data from the first user that is descriptive of the event. 44. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive second descriptive data for the event that is generated by at least one other user; and
send, to the mobile computing device for contemporaneous display, the second descriptive data that is descriptive of the event with the descriptive data that is based at least in part on input from the first user. 45. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
send a message to the mobile computing device that indicates the transfer of at least the portion of the amount of the cryptocurrency remittance to the account associated with the first user and from the account controlled by at least one of the second user or the operator of the service provided by the at least one server computing device. 46. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 42 comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of the server computing device, cause the one or more computer processors to:
select a set of target relevance data;
select targeted content based at least in part on the set of target relevance data; and
send the targeted content to the mobile computing device. | 2,600 |
342,878 | 16,642,581 | 2,641 | [Problem] Provided are a stacked battery capable of improving a volume energy density while maintaining impact resistance, and a battery module includes a stacked battery. | 1-5. (canceled) 6. A battery module comprising:
a stacked battery comprising a power generation element in which a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators are alternately stacked, an exterior member configured to accommodate the power generation element, first bonding portions configured to bond the electrodes and the separators, and second bonding portions configured to bond outermost layers of the power generation element and an inner side of the exterior member, wherein the exterior member includes a joint portion where peripheral edge portions of the exterior member are overlapped and joined, and wherein when the power generation element is viewed in a plan view from a stacking direction in which the electrodes and the separators are stacked, an outer peripheral edge of each of the separators has a shape similar to a shape of an outer peripheral edge of each of the electrodes, and the separators have such a size that the outer peripheral edge of each of the separators is located inside the joint portion without being sandwiched by the joint portion; a holding member configured to sandwich and hold the stacked battery from both sides in the stacking direction; a pressing part configured to apply a pressing force to the stacked battery in the stacking direction; and third bonding portions configured to bond the stacked battery to the holding member, wherein when the stacked battery is viewed in a plan view from the stacking direction, the second bonding portions bond the outermost layers of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region where the pressing part and the third bonding portions are present. 7. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the third bonding portions include a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 8. The battery module of claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second bonding portions in the stacking direction is smaller than a thickness of the third bonding portions in the stacking direction. 9. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the battery module comprises a plurality of stacked batteries that is sandwiched by the holding member,
wherein the battery module further includes fourth bonding portions configured to bond the stacked batteries to each other, and wherein when the stacked batteries are viewed in a plan view from the stacking direction, the second bonding portions bond the outermost layers of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region where the fourth bonding portions are present. 10. The battery module of claim 9, wherein the fourth bonding portions include a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 11. The battery module of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the second bonding portions in the stacking direction is smaller than a half a thickness of the fourth bonding portions in the stacking direction. 12. The battery module of claim 6, wherein each of the separators has such a size that the outer peripheral edge of each of the separators does not protrude laterally beyond the outer peripheral edge of each of the electrodes. 13. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the second bonding portions include a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 14. The battery module of claim 6, wherein each of the first bonding portions is formed on at least one surface of a base of each of the separators, and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material. 15. The battery module of claim 6, wherein each of the first bonding portions is formed on at least one surface of a base of each of the separators, and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material and a heat-resistant material. | [Problem] Provided are a stacked battery capable of improving a volume energy density while maintaining impact resistance, and a battery module includes a stacked battery.1-5. (canceled) 6. A battery module comprising:
a stacked battery comprising a power generation element in which a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators are alternately stacked, an exterior member configured to accommodate the power generation element, first bonding portions configured to bond the electrodes and the separators, and second bonding portions configured to bond outermost layers of the power generation element and an inner side of the exterior member, wherein the exterior member includes a joint portion where peripheral edge portions of the exterior member are overlapped and joined, and wherein when the power generation element is viewed in a plan view from a stacking direction in which the electrodes and the separators are stacked, an outer peripheral edge of each of the separators has a shape similar to a shape of an outer peripheral edge of each of the electrodes, and the separators have such a size that the outer peripheral edge of each of the separators is located inside the joint portion without being sandwiched by the joint portion; a holding member configured to sandwich and hold the stacked battery from both sides in the stacking direction; a pressing part configured to apply a pressing force to the stacked battery in the stacking direction; and third bonding portions configured to bond the stacked battery to the holding member, wherein when the stacked battery is viewed in a plan view from the stacking direction, the second bonding portions bond the outermost layers of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region where the pressing part and the third bonding portions are present. 7. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the third bonding portions include a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 8. The battery module of claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second bonding portions in the stacking direction is smaller than a thickness of the third bonding portions in the stacking direction. 9. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the battery module comprises a plurality of stacked batteries that is sandwiched by the holding member,
wherein the battery module further includes fourth bonding portions configured to bond the stacked batteries to each other, and wherein when the stacked batteries are viewed in a plan view from the stacking direction, the second bonding portions bond the outermost layers of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region where the fourth bonding portions are present. 10. The battery module of claim 9, wherein the fourth bonding portions include a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 11. The battery module of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the second bonding portions in the stacking direction is smaller than a half a thickness of the fourth bonding portions in the stacking direction. 12. The battery module of claim 6, wherein each of the separators has such a size that the outer peripheral edge of each of the separators does not protrude laterally beyond the outer peripheral edge of each of the electrodes. 13. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the second bonding portions include a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 14. The battery module of claim 6, wherein each of the first bonding portions is formed on at least one surface of a base of each of the separators, and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material. 15. The battery module of claim 6, wherein each of the first bonding portions is formed on at least one surface of a base of each of the separators, and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material and a heat-resistant material. | 2,600 |
342,879 | 16,642,624 | 2,641 | Provided is a catalyst for polymerization of an olefin which is excellent in sustained polymerization activity in the polymerization of an α-olefin and is capable of preferably producing an α-olefin (co)polymer having high stereoregularity and MFR and favorable moldability. The present invention provides a catalyst for polymerization of an olefin, comprising: a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, halogen and an internal electron-donating compound; an organoaluminum compound; and external electron-donating compounds being of two types of alkoxysilane compounds having specific structures represented by the general formula (I) and the general formula (II), respectively, wherein the catalyst for polymerization of an olefin comprises 51 to 99% by mol of the external electron-donating compound represented by the general formula (I) and 1 to 49% by mol of the external electron-donating compound represented by the general formula (II) with respect to the total amount of both the external electron-donating compounds. | 1. A catalyst for polymerization of an olefin, comprising:
a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, halogen and an internal electron-donating compound; an organoaluminum compound; an external electron-donating compound represented by the following general formula (I):
R1Si(OR2)3 (I) 2. A method for producing a catalyst for polymerization of an olefin according to claim 1, comprising contacting
a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, halogen and an internal electron-donating compound, an organoaluminum compound, an external electron-donating compound represented by the following general formula (I):
R1Si(OR2)3 (I) 3. A method for producing a polymer of an olefin, comprising copolymerizing propylene and α-olefin other than propylene in the presence of the catalyst for polymerization of an olefin according to claim 1. 4. A propylene-α-olefin copolymer being a product of copolymerization reaction of propylene and α-olefin other than propylene in the presence of the catalyst for polymerization of an olefin according to claim 1. | Provided is a catalyst for polymerization of an olefin which is excellent in sustained polymerization activity in the polymerization of an α-olefin and is capable of preferably producing an α-olefin (co)polymer having high stereoregularity and MFR and favorable moldability. The present invention provides a catalyst for polymerization of an olefin, comprising: a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, halogen and an internal electron-donating compound; an organoaluminum compound; and external electron-donating compounds being of two types of alkoxysilane compounds having specific structures represented by the general formula (I) and the general formula (II), respectively, wherein the catalyst for polymerization of an olefin comprises 51 to 99% by mol of the external electron-donating compound represented by the general formula (I) and 1 to 49% by mol of the external electron-donating compound represented by the general formula (II) with respect to the total amount of both the external electron-donating compounds.1. A catalyst for polymerization of an olefin, comprising:
a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, halogen and an internal electron-donating compound; an organoaluminum compound; an external electron-donating compound represented by the following general formula (I):
R1Si(OR2)3 (I) 2. A method for producing a catalyst for polymerization of an olefin according to claim 1, comprising contacting
a solid catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, halogen and an internal electron-donating compound, an organoaluminum compound, an external electron-donating compound represented by the following general formula (I):
R1Si(OR2)3 (I) 3. A method for producing a polymer of an olefin, comprising copolymerizing propylene and α-olefin other than propylene in the presence of the catalyst for polymerization of an olefin according to claim 1. 4. A propylene-α-olefin copolymer being a product of copolymerization reaction of propylene and α-olefin other than propylene in the presence of the catalyst for polymerization of an olefin according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
342,880 | 16,642,613 | 2,641 | An object is to proceed with a contract-concluding process for an operational data transaction simply, conveniently and clearly. A fluid machine including: a driving source; a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source; a controller that has a GUI allowing an external input and output, and controls driving of the driving source; and a communication apparatus that allows communication with an external server via a wired or wireless communication line. In the fluid machine, when transmitting operational information of the fluid machine to the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party, the controller transmits the operational information after receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating that the operational information is approved to be output to the third party and to be used by the third party. | 1. A fluid machine comprising:
a driving source; a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source; a controller that has a GUI allowing an external input and output, and controls driving of the driving source; and a communication apparatus that allows communication with an external server via a wired or wireless communication line, wherein when transmitting operational information of the fluid machine to the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party, the controller transmits the operational information after receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating that the operational information is approved to be output to the third party and to be used by the third party. 2. The fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller displays, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not provision of managing service information of the fluid machine on a basis of the operational information transmitted to the external server is to be received from the third party via the communication apparatus, and in response to a reception, via the GUI, of an input indicating approval of provision of the managing service information, the managing service information is received from the communication apparatus. 3. A managing method for a fluid machine having: a driving source; a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source; a controller that has a GUI allowing an information input and output and that controls driving of the driving source; and a communication apparatus that performs an output to an external server with which communication is made possible via a wired or wireless communication line, the managing method comprising:
by the controller, a step of displaying, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not operational information of the fluid machine is approved to be output from the communication apparatus to the external server and to be used at the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party; a step of receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating consent to the output of the operational information and consent to the use of the operational information; and a step of transmitting the operational information from the communication apparatus to the external server. 4. The managing method for the fluid machine according to claim 3, the managing method further comprising:
a step of displaying, by the controller, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not provision of managing service information of the fluid machine on a basis of the operational information transmitted to the external server is to be received from the third party via the communication apparatus, and a step of receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating approval of provision of the managing service information; and a step of receiving the managing service information from the communication apparatus. 5. A fluid machine managing system comprising:
a fluid machine having a driving source, a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source, a controller that has a GUI allowing an information input and output and that performs drive control, and a communication apparatus that communicates with an external server with which communication is made possible via a wired or wireless communication line; and the external server, wherein when transmitting operational information of the fluid machine to the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party, the controller receives, via the GUI, approval of providing the operational information to the third party and making available the operational information to the third party, transmits the approval to the external server and thereafter transmits the operational information to the external server. 6. The fluid machine managing system according to claim 5, wherein
the controller displays, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not provision of managing service information of the fluid machine on a basis of the operational information transmitted to the external server is to be received from the third party via the communication apparatus, and after receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating approval of providing the managing service information, the managing service information is received from the communication apparatus, and after receiving the approval, the external server outputs the managing service information to the communication apparatus. | An object is to proceed with a contract-concluding process for an operational data transaction simply, conveniently and clearly. A fluid machine including: a driving source; a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source; a controller that has a GUI allowing an external input and output, and controls driving of the driving source; and a communication apparatus that allows communication with an external server via a wired or wireless communication line. In the fluid machine, when transmitting operational information of the fluid machine to the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party, the controller transmits the operational information after receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating that the operational information is approved to be output to the third party and to be used by the third party.1. A fluid machine comprising:
a driving source; a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source; a controller that has a GUI allowing an external input and output, and controls driving of the driving source; and a communication apparatus that allows communication with an external server via a wired or wireless communication line, wherein when transmitting operational information of the fluid machine to the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party, the controller transmits the operational information after receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating that the operational information is approved to be output to the third party and to be used by the third party. 2. The fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller displays, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not provision of managing service information of the fluid machine on a basis of the operational information transmitted to the external server is to be received from the third party via the communication apparatus, and in response to a reception, via the GUI, of an input indicating approval of provision of the managing service information, the managing service information is received from the communication apparatus. 3. A managing method for a fluid machine having: a driving source; a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source; a controller that has a GUI allowing an information input and output and that controls driving of the driving source; and a communication apparatus that performs an output to an external server with which communication is made possible via a wired or wireless communication line, the managing method comprising:
by the controller, a step of displaying, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not operational information of the fluid machine is approved to be output from the communication apparatus to the external server and to be used at the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party; a step of receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating consent to the output of the operational information and consent to the use of the operational information; and a step of transmitting the operational information from the communication apparatus to the external server. 4. The managing method for the fluid machine according to claim 3, the managing method further comprising:
a step of displaying, by the controller, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not provision of managing service information of the fluid machine on a basis of the operational information transmitted to the external server is to be received from the third party via the communication apparatus, and a step of receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating approval of provision of the managing service information; and a step of receiving the managing service information from the communication apparatus. 5. A fluid machine managing system comprising:
a fluid machine having a driving source, a fluid machine body that generates a fluid by a driving force of the driving source, a controller that has a GUI allowing an information input and output and that performs drive control, and a communication apparatus that communicates with an external server with which communication is made possible via a wired or wireless communication line; and the external server, wherein when transmitting operational information of the fluid machine to the external server, the external server being owned by a third party other than an owner or an authorized person of a legitimate use right of the fluid machine or the external server whose legitimate use right being held by the third party, the controller receives, via the GUI, approval of providing the operational information to the third party and making available the operational information to the third party, transmits the approval to the external server and thereafter transmits the operational information to the external server. 6. The fluid machine managing system according to claim 5, wherein
the controller displays, on the GUI, information indicating whether or not provision of managing service information of the fluid machine on a basis of the operational information transmitted to the external server is to be received from the third party via the communication apparatus, and after receiving, via the GUI, an input indicating approval of providing the managing service information, the managing service information is received from the communication apparatus, and after receiving the approval, the external server outputs the managing service information to the communication apparatus. | 2,600 |
342,881 | 16,642,605 | 2,641 | A prosthesis comprises a housing (100); a piston (221) and piston rod (222) housed within a cylinder of the housing (100); and a pump (244) mounted on and partially within the housing (100). The housing (100) is a unitary piece and comprises a plurality of passages (151, 152, 153, 154) connecting the cylinder to the part of the housing (100) where the pump (244) is mounted. | 1. A prosthesis or orthosis housing, comprising:
a cylinder configured to receive a piston of a piston and cylinder assembly; a pump section configured to receive part of a pump; and a plurality of passages connecting the cylinder to the pump section, wherein the prosthesis housing is a unitary piece. 2. A prosthesis housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the prosthesis housing is an ankle prosthesis housing and further comprises a foot attachment section configured for attaching the housing to a foot component. 3. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more apertures configured to receive one or more respective valves for controlling fluid flow through one or more of the passages. 4. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 3, wherein one or more of the valves is an adjustable orifice valve. 5. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 3, wherein one or more of the valves is a check valve. 6. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an aperture configured to receive a switch to be fluidly connected to one of more of the passages such that the switch switches the prosthesis housing between first and second modes of operation. 7. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the switch to be received in the aperture is a solenoid. 8. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pump section is configured to receive two gears of a gear pump and further comprises means for mounting the remainder of the pump on the housing. 9. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of the passages are devoid of bends having a radius of curvature of less than half of the passage width or diameter. 10. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 9, wherein a plurality of the passages are devoid of any bends having a radius of curvature of less than a third of the passage width or diameter and preferably less than a quarter of the passage width or diameter. 11. A prosthesis or orthosis housing according to claim 1, wherein the housing is composed of a material having a microstructure indicative that it has been made using additive manufacturing. 12. A prosthesis or orthosis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 3; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; and a pump mounted to the housing. 13. A prosthesis or orthosis as claimed in claim 12, further comprising one or more adjustable orifice valve. 14. A prosthesis or orthosis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 4; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; a pump mounted to the housing; and one or more check valve. 15. A prosthesis or orthosis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 7; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; a pump mounted to the housing; and 16. A prosthesis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 2; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; a pump mounted to the housing; and | A prosthesis comprises a housing (100); a piston (221) and piston rod (222) housed within a cylinder of the housing (100); and a pump (244) mounted on and partially within the housing (100). The housing (100) is a unitary piece and comprises a plurality of passages (151, 152, 153, 154) connecting the cylinder to the part of the housing (100) where the pump (244) is mounted.1. A prosthesis or orthosis housing, comprising:
a cylinder configured to receive a piston of a piston and cylinder assembly; a pump section configured to receive part of a pump; and a plurality of passages connecting the cylinder to the pump section, wherein the prosthesis housing is a unitary piece. 2. A prosthesis housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the prosthesis housing is an ankle prosthesis housing and further comprises a foot attachment section configured for attaching the housing to a foot component. 3. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more apertures configured to receive one or more respective valves for controlling fluid flow through one or more of the passages. 4. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 3, wherein one or more of the valves is an adjustable orifice valve. 5. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 3, wherein one or more of the valves is a check valve. 6. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an aperture configured to receive a switch to be fluidly connected to one of more of the passages such that the switch switches the prosthesis housing between first and second modes of operation. 7. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the switch to be received in the aperture is a solenoid. 8. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pump section is configured to receive two gears of a gear pump and further comprises means for mounting the remainder of the pump on the housing. 9. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of the passages are devoid of bends having a radius of curvature of less than half of the passage width or diameter. 10. A prosthesis or orthosis housing as claimed in claim 9, wherein a plurality of the passages are devoid of any bends having a radius of curvature of less than a third of the passage width or diameter and preferably less than a quarter of the passage width or diameter. 11. A prosthesis or orthosis housing according to claim 1, wherein the housing is composed of a material having a microstructure indicative that it has been made using additive manufacturing. 12. A prosthesis or orthosis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 3; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; and a pump mounted to the housing. 13. A prosthesis or orthosis as claimed in claim 12, further comprising one or more adjustable orifice valve. 14. A prosthesis or orthosis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 4; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; a pump mounted to the housing; and one or more check valve. 15. A prosthesis or orthosis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 7; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; a pump mounted to the housing; and 16. A prosthesis comprising:
a housing as claimed in claim 2; a piston and piston rod housed within the cylinder of the housing; a pump mounted to the housing; and | 2,600 |
342,882 | 16,642,622 | 2,641 | A support leveling device includes leveling feet mounted on a bottom plate of an appliance. Each leveling foot comprises a sheath, having a hollow cavity with an opening, and mounted on the plate; a regulating foot, the plate having a through hole corresponding to the opening of the hollow cavity, one end of the regulating foot passing through the through hole and extending into the hollow cavity of the sheath for axial movement relative thereto, and another end of the regulating foot located at an outer side of the bottom plate and supported on a support surface; and a hydraulic medium sealed in a cavity defined by the regulating foot and the sheath. When the leveling foot is placed on an uneven support surface, the regulating feet are stressed to axially move along the sheath, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the regulating foot for support leveling. | 1. A support leveling device for a household appliance, comprising a leveling foot being mounted on a bottom plate of the household appliance, wherein the leveling foot comprises:
a sheath is internally provided with a hollow cavity with an opening, and the opening is mounted on the bottom plate; a regulating foot, a first end of the regulating foot passes through a through hole arranged on the bottom plate corresponding to the opening of the hollow cavity and extends into the hollow cavity of the sheath, so that the regulating foot is axially movable relative to the hollow cavity of the sheath, and a second end of the regulating foot is located at an outer side of the bottom plate and is supported on a support surface; and a hydraulic medium is accommodated in a cavity defined by the regulating foot and the sheath; when the leveling foot is placed on an uneven support surface, the regulating foot is stressed to axially move along the sheath, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the regulating foot for support leveling. 2. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the leveling foot comprises a flexible accommodation body, the flexible accommodation body is arranged in the cavity defined by the regulating foot and the sheath and is in contact with the first end, located in the hollow cavity of the sheath, of the regulating foot;
the flexible accommodation body is internally provided with an accommodation cavity, the flexible accommodation body is provided with an open portion communicating with the accommodation cavity, the open portion is mounted in the sheath in a seal manner, and the hydraulic medium is accommodated in the accommodation cavity of the flexible accommodation body; and when the leveling foot is placed on the uneven support surface, the regulating foot are stressed to axially move along the sheath to squeeze the flexible accommodation body, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the regulating foot for support leveling. 3. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein the leveling foot comprises a hydraulic plate arranged in the hollow cavity of the sheath;
the hydraulic plate is internally provided with a throttling flow channel, the hydraulic plate is provided with a hydraulic nozzle communicating with the throttling flow channel, the open portion of the flexible accommodation body is mounted on the hydraulic plate in a seal manner and is communicated with the throttling flow channel, and the hydraulic nozzles of a first leveling foot and the hydraulic nozzle of a second leveling foot communicate with each other via a hydraulic pipe, so that the hydraulic medium circulates between the first leveling foot and the second leveling foot. 4. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein a side wall of the sheath is provided with an avoiding port penetrating from the opening of the sheath to a closed end of the sheath, the avoiding port is configured to avoid the hydraulic nozzle when the hydraulic plate is mounted in the hollow cavity of the sheath, and
the hydraulic nozzle of the hydraulic plate protrudes out of the sheath through the avoiding port. 5. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein a closed end of the hollow cavity of the sheath is internally provided with a throttling flow channel, the closed end of the hollow cavity is provided with a hydraulic nozzle communicating with the throttling flow channel,
the open portion of the flexible accommodation body is mounted on an inner wall of the closed end of the hollow cavity of the sheath in a seal manner and is communicated with the throttling flow channel, and the hydraulic nozzle of a first leveling foot and the hydraulic nozzle of a second leveling foot communicate with each other through a hydraulic pipe, so that the hydraulic medium circulates between the first leveling foot and the second leveling foot. 6. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the regulating foot comprises a slider portion and a support portion,
the slider portion is arranged in the hollow cavity of the sheath and is axially slidable, one end of the support portion passes through the through hole and extends into the hollow cavity of the sheath and is fixedly connected with the slider portion, and another end of the support portion extends to the outer side of the bottom plate and is supported on the support surface. 7. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 6, wherein the support portion comprises a connecting rod and a support base,
one end of the connecting rod passes through the through hole and extends into the hollow cavity of the sheath and is fixedly connected with the slider portion, another end of the connecting rod extends to the outer side of the bottom plate and is fixedly connected with the support base, and the support base is supported on the support surface. 8. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 6, wherein a friction damping device is arranged on a bottom surface, which is contact with the support surface, of the support portion. 9. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the sheath is arranged on an inner side of the bottom plate, and the opening is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the bottom plate. 10. A household appliance with the support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1. 11. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 7, wherein a friction damping device is arranged on a bottom surface of the support base. 12. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 9, wherein the opening of the hollow cavity of the sheath is turned outward to form a connection flanging, and a fixing hole is arranged on the connection flanging, and a mounting hole is correspondingly arranged on the bottom plate; the connection flanging is fit to a surface of the inner side of the bottom plate, and
a connector passes through the fixing hole and the mounting hole to fix and connect the sheath to the inner side of the base plate. | A support leveling device includes leveling feet mounted on a bottom plate of an appliance. Each leveling foot comprises a sheath, having a hollow cavity with an opening, and mounted on the plate; a regulating foot, the plate having a through hole corresponding to the opening of the hollow cavity, one end of the regulating foot passing through the through hole and extending into the hollow cavity of the sheath for axial movement relative thereto, and another end of the regulating foot located at an outer side of the bottom plate and supported on a support surface; and a hydraulic medium sealed in a cavity defined by the regulating foot and the sheath. When the leveling foot is placed on an uneven support surface, the regulating feet are stressed to axially move along the sheath, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the regulating foot for support leveling.1. A support leveling device for a household appliance, comprising a leveling foot being mounted on a bottom plate of the household appliance, wherein the leveling foot comprises:
a sheath is internally provided with a hollow cavity with an opening, and the opening is mounted on the bottom plate; a regulating foot, a first end of the regulating foot passes through a through hole arranged on the bottom plate corresponding to the opening of the hollow cavity and extends into the hollow cavity of the sheath, so that the regulating foot is axially movable relative to the hollow cavity of the sheath, and a second end of the regulating foot is located at an outer side of the bottom plate and is supported on a support surface; and a hydraulic medium is accommodated in a cavity defined by the regulating foot and the sheath; when the leveling foot is placed on an uneven support surface, the regulating foot is stressed to axially move along the sheath, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the regulating foot for support leveling. 2. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the leveling foot comprises a flexible accommodation body, the flexible accommodation body is arranged in the cavity defined by the regulating foot and the sheath and is in contact with the first end, located in the hollow cavity of the sheath, of the regulating foot;
the flexible accommodation body is internally provided with an accommodation cavity, the flexible accommodation body is provided with an open portion communicating with the accommodation cavity, the open portion is mounted in the sheath in a seal manner, and the hydraulic medium is accommodated in the accommodation cavity of the flexible accommodation body; and when the leveling foot is placed on the uneven support surface, the regulating foot are stressed to axially move along the sheath to squeeze the flexible accommodation body, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the regulating foot for support leveling. 3. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein the leveling foot comprises a hydraulic plate arranged in the hollow cavity of the sheath;
the hydraulic plate is internally provided with a throttling flow channel, the hydraulic plate is provided with a hydraulic nozzle communicating with the throttling flow channel, the open portion of the flexible accommodation body is mounted on the hydraulic plate in a seal manner and is communicated with the throttling flow channel, and the hydraulic nozzles of a first leveling foot and the hydraulic nozzle of a second leveling foot communicate with each other via a hydraulic pipe, so that the hydraulic medium circulates between the first leveling foot and the second leveling foot. 4. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein a side wall of the sheath is provided with an avoiding port penetrating from the opening of the sheath to a closed end of the sheath, the avoiding port is configured to avoid the hydraulic nozzle when the hydraulic plate is mounted in the hollow cavity of the sheath, and
the hydraulic nozzle of the hydraulic plate protrudes out of the sheath through the avoiding port. 5. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein a closed end of the hollow cavity of the sheath is internally provided with a throttling flow channel, the closed end of the hollow cavity is provided with a hydraulic nozzle communicating with the throttling flow channel,
the open portion of the flexible accommodation body is mounted on an inner wall of the closed end of the hollow cavity of the sheath in a seal manner and is communicated with the throttling flow channel, and the hydraulic nozzle of a first leveling foot and the hydraulic nozzle of a second leveling foot communicate with each other through a hydraulic pipe, so that the hydraulic medium circulates between the first leveling foot and the second leveling foot. 6. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the regulating foot comprises a slider portion and a support portion,
the slider portion is arranged in the hollow cavity of the sheath and is axially slidable, one end of the support portion passes through the through hole and extends into the hollow cavity of the sheath and is fixedly connected with the slider portion, and another end of the support portion extends to the outer side of the bottom plate and is supported on the support surface. 7. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 6, wherein the support portion comprises a connecting rod and a support base,
one end of the connecting rod passes through the through hole and extends into the hollow cavity of the sheath and is fixedly connected with the slider portion, another end of the connecting rod extends to the outer side of the bottom plate and is fixedly connected with the support base, and the support base is supported on the support surface. 8. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 6, wherein a friction damping device is arranged on a bottom surface, which is contact with the support surface, of the support portion. 9. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the sheath is arranged on an inner side of the bottom plate, and the opening is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the bottom plate. 10. A household appliance with the support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1. 11. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 7, wherein a friction damping device is arranged on a bottom surface of the support base. 12. The support leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 9, wherein the opening of the hollow cavity of the sheath is turned outward to form a connection flanging, and a fixing hole is arranged on the connection flanging, and a mounting hole is correspondingly arranged on the bottom plate; the connection flanging is fit to a surface of the inner side of the bottom plate, and
a connector passes through the fixing hole and the mounting hole to fix and connect the sheath to the inner side of the base plate. | 2,600 |
342,883 | 16,642,598 | 2,641 | A gas sensor is described for measuring a concentration of an analysis gas based on a thermal conductivity principle, including at least one analysis heating element situated on a first diaphragm for heating the analysis gas, a reference heating element situated on a second diaphragm for heating a reference gas, at least one evaluation electronics unit for measuring a resistance change of the analysis heating element caused by the analysis gas in relation to an electrical resistance of the reference heating element, the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm being situated adjacent to one another in a sensor substrate, due to a base substrate situated on one side on the sensor substrate, a measuring volume is formable between the first diaphragm and the base substrate and a reference volume is formable between the second diaphragm and the base substrate. | 1-12 (canceled) 13. A gas sensor for measuring a concentration of an analysis gas based on a thermal conductivity principle, the gas sensor comprising:
at least one analysis heating element situated on a first diaphragm configured to heat the analysis gas; a reference heating element situated on a second diaphragm configured to heat a reference gas; at least one evaluation electronics unit configured to measure a resistance change of the analysis heating element caused by the analysis gas in relation to an electrical resistance of the reference heating element; wherein the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are situated adjacent to one another in a sensor substrate of the gas sensor, due to a base substrate situated on one side at the sensor substrate, a measuring volume being formable between the first diaphragm and the base substrate and a reference volume being formable between the second diaphragm and the base substrate, the reference volume being fluidically connected to an adjacent surroundings via an opening in the second diaphragm. 14. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the measuring volume and/or the reference volume is formed at least in areas within the sensor substrate and/or is formed at least partially within the base substrate. 15. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the analysis gas is introducible through at least one opening in the base substrate into the measuring volume. 16. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
at least one additional heating element applied in or on the base substrate. 17. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
at least one gas filter situated in the measuring volume. 18. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
at least one gas filter situated on one side on the base substrate. 19. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the base substrate is connected via a joining arrangement to the sensor substrate. 20. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the base substrate includes a joining surface on one side accommodating an adhesive or a sealant. 21. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
a cap substrate situated on a side of the sensor substrate opposite to the base substrate. 22. The gas sensor as recited in claim 21, wherein at least one part of the evaluation electronics unit is situated on or in the cap substrate. 23. The gas sensor as recited in claim 21, wherein the cap substrate includes at least one connecting opening to the reference volume. | A gas sensor is described for measuring a concentration of an analysis gas based on a thermal conductivity principle, including at least one analysis heating element situated on a first diaphragm for heating the analysis gas, a reference heating element situated on a second diaphragm for heating a reference gas, at least one evaluation electronics unit for measuring a resistance change of the analysis heating element caused by the analysis gas in relation to an electrical resistance of the reference heating element, the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm being situated adjacent to one another in a sensor substrate, due to a base substrate situated on one side on the sensor substrate, a measuring volume is formable between the first diaphragm and the base substrate and a reference volume is formable between the second diaphragm and the base substrate.1-12 (canceled) 13. A gas sensor for measuring a concentration of an analysis gas based on a thermal conductivity principle, the gas sensor comprising:
at least one analysis heating element situated on a first diaphragm configured to heat the analysis gas; a reference heating element situated on a second diaphragm configured to heat a reference gas; at least one evaluation electronics unit configured to measure a resistance change of the analysis heating element caused by the analysis gas in relation to an electrical resistance of the reference heating element; wherein the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are situated adjacent to one another in a sensor substrate of the gas sensor, due to a base substrate situated on one side at the sensor substrate, a measuring volume being formable between the first diaphragm and the base substrate and a reference volume being formable between the second diaphragm and the base substrate, the reference volume being fluidically connected to an adjacent surroundings via an opening in the second diaphragm. 14. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the measuring volume and/or the reference volume is formed at least in areas within the sensor substrate and/or is formed at least partially within the base substrate. 15. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the analysis gas is introducible through at least one opening in the base substrate into the measuring volume. 16. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
at least one additional heating element applied in or on the base substrate. 17. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
at least one gas filter situated in the measuring volume. 18. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
at least one gas filter situated on one side on the base substrate. 19. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the base substrate is connected via a joining arrangement to the sensor substrate. 20. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, wherein the base substrate includes a joining surface on one side accommodating an adhesive or a sealant. 21. The gas sensor as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
a cap substrate situated on a side of the sensor substrate opposite to the base substrate. 22. The gas sensor as recited in claim 21, wherein at least one part of the evaluation electronics unit is situated on or in the cap substrate. 23. The gas sensor as recited in claim 21, wherein the cap substrate includes at least one connecting opening to the reference volume. | 2,600 |
342,884 | 16,642,635 | 2,641 | Provided is an apparatus for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers, with at least one blow molding arrangement, which includes at least a first mold carrier, a second mold carrier and a blow-molding device having at least two blow mold side parts and a base part, wherein the blow molding device can be releasably arranged on the mold carriers via a locking mechanism and forms a cavity inside which the plastic preforms can be molded into the plastic containers, wherein during the molding process, the mold carriers can be latched together by a latching device, and the apparatus includes a changeover robot which is suitable and intended for extracting the blow-molding device in an assembled state from the mold carriers. | 1. An apparatus for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers, with at least one blow-molding arrangement, which comprises at least a first mold carrier, a second mold carrier and a blow-molding device having at least two blow mold side parts and a base part, wherein the blow-molding device can be releasably arranged on the mold carriers via a locking mechanism and forms a cavity inside which the plastic preforms can be molded into the plastic containers, wherein during the molding process, the mold carriers can be latched together by a latching device, and the apparatus comprises a changeover robot which is suitable and intended for extracting the blow-molding device, in an at least partially assembled state, from the mold carriers, wherein in a changeover mode, the mold carriers are operated to be opened or closed exclusively by at least one of the changeover robot, and the locking mechanism of the blow-molding device on the mold carriers can be actuated to be released or attached exclusively by at least one of the changeover robot, and the latching device can be operated by the changeover robot in a changeover mode. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in an unlatched state, the blow-molding device can be connected at least temporarily to the mold carriers or to a base carrier by a securing device. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the changeover robot has a gripper device which is pivotable about at least one pivot axis. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gripper device is suitable and intended at least one of for opening the mold carriers and for releasing the locking of the blow-molding device to the mold carriers and/or for extracting the blow-molding device from the mold carriers and holding this. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one and both blow mold side parts have a fixing device and a centring ring, wherein the blow mold side parts and the base part can be connected together by at least one of form fit and force fit by moans of this centring ring. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the blow mold side parts and the base part comprise at least one permanent magnet, wherein the blow mold side parts and the base part can be connected together by force fit by this permanent magnet. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the securing device is a clamp which is arranged on at least one mold carrier part, wherein the clamp engages on at least one pin arranged on the blow-molding device in order to hold the blow-molding device on the mold carriers. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after release of the locking of the blow-molding device, at least temporarily, the base part can be fixed on a base carrier and the blow mold side parts can be fixed to the base part. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the locking mechanism and the latching device is selected from a group of locks consisting of mechanical, magnetic or pneumatic locks, clamping levers, locking via a vacuum, and combinations thereof. 10. A method for operating a molding device for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers, with at least one blow-molding arrangement, which comprises at least a first mold carrier, a second mold carrier and a blow-molding device having at least two blow mold side parts and a base part, wherein the blow-molding device can be releasably arranged on the mold carriers via a locking mechanism and forms a cavity inside which the plastic preforms can be molded into the plastic containers by bombardment with a fluid medium, wherein during the molding process, the mold carriers can be latched together by a latching device, and a changeover robot is provided for extracting the blow-molding device from the mold carriers, and extracts the blow-molding device in an assembled state, comprising the steps of: in a changeover mode, opening the mold carriers exclusively by at least one of the changeover robot, and the locking mechanism of the blow-molding device on the mold carriers is released exclusively by the changeover robot. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein after release of the locking mechanism, the blow-molding device is connected at least temporarily to the mold carriers or to a base carrier by a securing device. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein after release of the locking mechanism, the changeover robot is at least one of pivoted away from the locking mechanism, and after opening of the mold carriers, away from the latching device, to an extraction point of the blow-molding device. | Provided is an apparatus for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers, with at least one blow molding arrangement, which includes at least a first mold carrier, a second mold carrier and a blow-molding device having at least two blow mold side parts and a base part, wherein the blow molding device can be releasably arranged on the mold carriers via a locking mechanism and forms a cavity inside which the plastic preforms can be molded into the plastic containers, wherein during the molding process, the mold carriers can be latched together by a latching device, and the apparatus includes a changeover robot which is suitable and intended for extracting the blow-molding device in an assembled state from the mold carriers.1. An apparatus for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers, with at least one blow-molding arrangement, which comprises at least a first mold carrier, a second mold carrier and a blow-molding device having at least two blow mold side parts and a base part, wherein the blow-molding device can be releasably arranged on the mold carriers via a locking mechanism and forms a cavity inside which the plastic preforms can be molded into the plastic containers, wherein during the molding process, the mold carriers can be latched together by a latching device, and the apparatus comprises a changeover robot which is suitable and intended for extracting the blow-molding device, in an at least partially assembled state, from the mold carriers, wherein in a changeover mode, the mold carriers are operated to be opened or closed exclusively by at least one of the changeover robot, and the locking mechanism of the blow-molding device on the mold carriers can be actuated to be released or attached exclusively by at least one of the changeover robot, and the latching device can be operated by the changeover robot in a changeover mode. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in an unlatched state, the blow-molding device can be connected at least temporarily to the mold carriers or to a base carrier by a securing device. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the changeover robot has a gripper device which is pivotable about at least one pivot axis. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gripper device is suitable and intended at least one of for opening the mold carriers and for releasing the locking of the blow-molding device to the mold carriers and/or for extracting the blow-molding device from the mold carriers and holding this. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one and both blow mold side parts have a fixing device and a centring ring, wherein the blow mold side parts and the base part can be connected together by at least one of form fit and force fit by moans of this centring ring. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the blow mold side parts and the base part comprise at least one permanent magnet, wherein the blow mold side parts and the base part can be connected together by force fit by this permanent magnet. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the securing device is a clamp which is arranged on at least one mold carrier part, wherein the clamp engages on at least one pin arranged on the blow-molding device in order to hold the blow-molding device on the mold carriers. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after release of the locking of the blow-molding device, at least temporarily, the base part can be fixed on a base carrier and the blow mold side parts can be fixed to the base part. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the locking mechanism and the latching device is selected from a group of locks consisting of mechanical, magnetic or pneumatic locks, clamping levers, locking via a vacuum, and combinations thereof. 10. A method for operating a molding device for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers, with at least one blow-molding arrangement, which comprises at least a first mold carrier, a second mold carrier and a blow-molding device having at least two blow mold side parts and a base part, wherein the blow-molding device can be releasably arranged on the mold carriers via a locking mechanism and forms a cavity inside which the plastic preforms can be molded into the plastic containers by bombardment with a fluid medium, wherein during the molding process, the mold carriers can be latched together by a latching device, and a changeover robot is provided for extracting the blow-molding device from the mold carriers, and extracts the blow-molding device in an assembled state, comprising the steps of: in a changeover mode, opening the mold carriers exclusively by at least one of the changeover robot, and the locking mechanism of the blow-molding device on the mold carriers is released exclusively by the changeover robot. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein after release of the locking mechanism, the blow-molding device is connected at least temporarily to the mold carriers or to a base carrier by a securing device. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein after release of the locking mechanism, the changeover robot is at least one of pivoted away from the locking mechanism, and after opening of the mold carriers, away from the latching device, to an extraction point of the blow-molding device. | 2,600 |
342,885 | 16,642,604 | 2,641 | A method for producing a polyester comprising culturing a microorganism in a culture solution containing a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or greater and comprising at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as a polymerization unit. The culture conditions include maintenance of an osmotic pressure of the culture solution from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm during culture period, and maintenance of a nitrogen atom concentration of the culture solution at 0.30 g/L or greater during culture period. | 1. A method for producing a polyester comprising culturing a microorganism having a polyester-producing capability in a culture solution comprising a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the polyester comprising at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as a polymerization unit,
wherein the produced polyester has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards and comprises at least the 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as the polymerization unit, and the culture solution has a pH of 4 to 7.5, and the culture satisfies conditions (a) and (b) below: (a) an osmotic pressure of the culture solution is maintained from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm during culture period; and (b) a nitrogen atom concentration of the culture solution is maintained at 0.30 g/L or greater during culture period. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of genera of Cupriavidus, Alcaligenes, Ralstonia, Delftia, Comamonas, Hydrogenophaga, Burkholderia, Escherichia, Azotobacter, Me thylobacterium, Paracoccos, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Allochromatium, Azorhizobium, Bacillus, Caulobacter, Chromobacterium, Ectothiorhodospira, Klebsiella, Nocardia, Rhodobacter, Rhodococcus, Rhodospirillum, Rickettsia, Sinorhizobium, Sphingomonas, Synechocystis, Thiococcus, Thiocystis, Vibrio, and Wautersia. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a culture temperature is from 15° C. to 45° C. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the culture is a fed-batch culture or a continuous culture. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, δ-caprolactone, saponified products of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone and δ-caprolactone, and salts of the saponified product. 7. A method for producing a polyester, comprising:
culturing a microorganism having a polyester-producing capability in a culture solution comprising a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the polyester comprising at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as a polymerization unit, wherein the produced polyester has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards and comprises at least the 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as the polymerization unit, and wherein the culture solution has a pH of 4 to 7.5, the culture is a batch culture, and the culture satisfies conditions (a) and (b) below: (a) an osmotic pressure of the culture solution at the initiation of the culture is from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm; and (b) a nitrogen atom concentration of the culture solution at the initiation of the culture is 0.30 g/L or greater. | A method for producing a polyester comprising culturing a microorganism in a culture solution containing a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or greater and comprising at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as a polymerization unit. The culture conditions include maintenance of an osmotic pressure of the culture solution from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm during culture period, and maintenance of a nitrogen atom concentration of the culture solution at 0.30 g/L or greater during culture period.1. A method for producing a polyester comprising culturing a microorganism having a polyester-producing capability in a culture solution comprising a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the polyester comprising at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as a polymerization unit,
wherein the produced polyester has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards and comprises at least the 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as the polymerization unit, and the culture solution has a pH of 4 to 7.5, and the culture satisfies conditions (a) and (b) below: (a) an osmotic pressure of the culture solution is maintained from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm during culture period; and (b) a nitrogen atom concentration of the culture solution is maintained at 0.30 g/L or greater during culture period. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of genera of Cupriavidus, Alcaligenes, Ralstonia, Delftia, Comamonas, Hydrogenophaga, Burkholderia, Escherichia, Azotobacter, Me thylobacterium, Paracoccos, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Allochromatium, Azorhizobium, Bacillus, Caulobacter, Chromobacterium, Ectothiorhodospira, Klebsiella, Nocardia, Rhodobacter, Rhodococcus, Rhodospirillum, Rickettsia, Sinorhizobium, Sphingomonas, Synechocystis, Thiococcus, Thiocystis, Vibrio, and Wautersia. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is Cupriavidus necator. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a culture temperature is from 15° C. to 45° C. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the culture is a fed-batch culture or a continuous culture. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, δ-caprolactone, saponified products of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone and δ-caprolactone, and salts of the saponified product. 7. A method for producing a polyester, comprising:
culturing a microorganism having a polyester-producing capability in a culture solution comprising a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the polyester comprising at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as a polymerization unit, wherein the produced polyester has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards and comprises at least the 3-hydroxybutyrate unit as the polymerization unit, and wherein the culture solution has a pH of 4 to 7.5, the culture is a batch culture, and the culture satisfies conditions (a) and (b) below: (a) an osmotic pressure of the culture solution at the initiation of the culture is from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm; and (b) a nitrogen atom concentration of the culture solution at the initiation of the culture is 0.30 g/L or greater. | 2,600 |
342,886 | 16,642,615 | 2,641 | A manufacturing method of an array substrate includes forming a plurality of bonding pads in a bonding region of a base substrate, and forming at least one insulating support part at at least one position where the plurality of bonding pads are not provided in the bonding region of the base substrate. | 1. A manufacturing method of an array substrate, the manufacturing method comprising:
forming a plurality of bonding pads in a bonding region of a base substrate, and forming at least one insulating support part at at least one position where the plurality of bonding pads are not provided in the bonding region of the base substrate. 2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein a distance from a surface of the at least one insulating support part facing away from the base substrate to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads is greater than a distance from a surface of at least one bonding pad facing away from the base substrate to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads. 3. (canceled) 4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method further comprises: forming at least one insulating layer in a non-bonding region of the base substrate; and
at least one part of an insulating support part is formed in a same layer as an insulating layer. 5. (canceled) 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein forming at least one insulating layer in the non-bonding region of the base substrate, includes: sequentially forming a planarization layer body, a pixel defining pattern and a spacer pattern in the non-bonding region of the base substrate in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads,
forming one of the at least one insulating support part, includes: sequentially forming a first sub-layer, a second sub-layer and a third sub-layer in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads, wherein the first sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the planarization layer body; the second sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the pixel defining pattern; and the third sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the spacer pattern. 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein forming the at least one insulating layer and forming one of the at least one insulating support part, includes:
forming a first insulating film above the base substrate, and performing a patterning process on the first insulating film to form the planarization layer body in the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the first sub-layer in the bonding region; forming a second insulating film above the base substrate above which the planarization layer body and the first sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the second insulating film to form the pixel defining pattern in the non-bonding region and the second sub-layer in the bonding region; and forming a third insulating film above the base substrate above which the pixel defining pattern and the second sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the third insulating film to form the spacer pattern in the non-bonding region and the third sub-layer in the bonding region. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, further comprising:
forming an organic filling pattern in a region between the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the bonding region of the base substrate before forming the planarization layer body, wherein forming the one of the at least one insulating support part further includes: forming a fourth sub-layer before forming the first sub-layer, wherein the fourth sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the organic filling pattern. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein forming the at least one insulating layer and forming one of the at least one insulating support part, includes:
forming a forth insulating film above the base substrate, and performing a patterning process on the forth insulating film to form the organic filling pattern in the region between the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the bonding region of the base substrate and the forth sub-layer in the bonding region; forming a first insulating film above the base substrate above which the organic filling pattern and the forth sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the first insulating film to form the planarization layer body in the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the first sub-layer in the bonding region; forming a second insulating film above the base substrate above which the planarization layer body and the first sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the second insulating film to form the pixel defining pattern in the non-bonding region and the second sub-layer in the bonding region; and forming a third insulating film above the base substrate above which the pixel defining pattern and the second sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the third insulating film to form the spacer pattern in the non-bonding region and the third sub-layer in the bonding region. 10.-15. (Canceled) 16. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
forming an array substrate on a rigid support substrate by the manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the base substrate in the array substrate is a flexible base substrate; peeling the array substrate from the rigid support substrate; attaching a protective back film on a side of the flexible substrate facing away from the plurality of bonding pads; providing at least one IC, wherein each IC includes a plurality of IC bumps; and bonding each IC bump to a corresponding bonding pad. 17. An array substrate, comprising:
a base substrate having a bonding region, a plurality of bonding pads disposed in the bonding region, and at least one insulating support part disposed at at least one position where the plurality of bonding pads are not provided in the bonding region. 18. The array substrate according to claim 17, wherein a distance from a surface of the at least one insulating support part facing away from the base substrate to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads is greater than a distance from a surface of at least one bonding pad facing away from the base substrate to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads. 19. (canceled) 20. The array substrate according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of bonding pads include a first bonding pad group and a second bonding pad group, and the at least one insulating support part includes at least one insulating support part group, wherein
the first bonding pad group includes at least one input bonding pad, and the second bonding pad group includes at least one output bonding pad, and the first bonding pad group, the second bonding pad group and the at least one insulating support part group are spaced apart from each other. 21. The array substrate according to claim 20, wherein at least one insulating support part group includes a plurality of insulating support part groups,
one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at a side of the first bonding pad group facing away from the second bonding pad group, or one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at a side of the second bonding pad group facing away from the first bonding pad group, or one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at the side of the first bonding pad group facing away from the second bonding pad group, and one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at the side of the second bonding pad group facing away from the first bonding pad group. 22. (canceled) 23. The array substrate according to claim 20, wherein
the first bonding pad group includes at least one row of input bonding pads spaced apart from each other, the second bonding pad group includes at least one row of output bonding pads spaced apart from each other, and the at least one insulating support part group includes at least one row of insulating support parts spaced apart from each other; and the at least one row of input bonding pads, the at least one row of output bonding pads and the at least one row of insulating support parts are parallel to each other. 24.-25. (canceled) 26. The array substrate according to claim 17, wherein an area of a surface of an insulating support part facing away from the base substrate is less than an area of a surface of the insulating support part facing the base substrate. 27. The array substrate according to claim 17, further comprising at least one insulating layer disposed in a non-bonding region of the base substrate; and
at least one part of an insulating support part is formed in a same layer as an insulating layer. 28. (canceled) 29. The array substrate according to claim 27, wherein the at least one insulating layer includes a planarization layer body, a pixel defining pattern and a spacer pattern, all of which are sequentially disposed above the base substrate in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads;
one of the at least one insulating support part includes a first sub-layer, a second sub-layer and a third sub-layer, all of which are sequentially disposed above the base substrate in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads, wherein the first sub-layer is disposed in a same layer as the planarization layer body; the second sub-layer is disposed in a same layer as the pixel defining pattern; and the third sub-layer is disposed in a same layer as the spacer pattern. 30. The array substrate according to claim 29, further comprising an organic filling pattern disposed between the planarization layer and the base substrate and located in a region between the non-bonding region and the bonding region, wherein
the insulating support part further includes a fourth sub-layer located between the first sub-layer and the base substrate, wherein the fourth sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the organic filling pattern. 31.-32. (canceled) 33. A display device, comprising:
the array substrate according to claim 17; and at least one IC, wherein each IC includes a plurality of IC bumps, and each IC bump is bonded to a corresponding bonding pad. 34. The array substrate according to claim 20, wherein the at least one insulating support part group is disposed between the first bonding pad group and the second bonding pad group. 35. The display device according to claim 33, wherein a difference between a distance from a surface of the at least one insulating support part facing away from the base substrate to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads and a distance from a surface of at least one bonding pad facing away from the base substrate to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads is less than or equal to a thickness of at least one IC bump. | A manufacturing method of an array substrate includes forming a plurality of bonding pads in a bonding region of a base substrate, and forming at least one insulating support part at at least one position where the plurality of bonding pads are not provided in the bonding region of the base substrate.1. A manufacturing method of an array substrate, the manufacturing method comprising:
forming a plurality of bonding pads in a bonding region of a base substrate, and forming at least one insulating support part at at least one position where the plurality of bonding pads are not provided in the bonding region of the base substrate. 2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein a distance from a surface of the at least one insulating support part facing away from the base substrate to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads is greater than a distance from a surface of at least one bonding pad facing away from the base substrate to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads. 3. (canceled) 4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method further comprises: forming at least one insulating layer in a non-bonding region of the base substrate; and
at least one part of an insulating support part is formed in a same layer as an insulating layer. 5. (canceled) 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein forming at least one insulating layer in the non-bonding region of the base substrate, includes: sequentially forming a planarization layer body, a pixel defining pattern and a spacer pattern in the non-bonding region of the base substrate in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads,
forming one of the at least one insulating support part, includes: sequentially forming a first sub-layer, a second sub-layer and a third sub-layer in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads, wherein the first sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the planarization layer body; the second sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the pixel defining pattern; and the third sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the spacer pattern. 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein forming the at least one insulating layer and forming one of the at least one insulating support part, includes:
forming a first insulating film above the base substrate, and performing a patterning process on the first insulating film to form the planarization layer body in the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the first sub-layer in the bonding region; forming a second insulating film above the base substrate above which the planarization layer body and the first sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the second insulating film to form the pixel defining pattern in the non-bonding region and the second sub-layer in the bonding region; and forming a third insulating film above the base substrate above which the pixel defining pattern and the second sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the third insulating film to form the spacer pattern in the non-bonding region and the third sub-layer in the bonding region. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, further comprising:
forming an organic filling pattern in a region between the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the bonding region of the base substrate before forming the planarization layer body, wherein forming the one of the at least one insulating support part further includes: forming a fourth sub-layer before forming the first sub-layer, wherein the fourth sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the organic filling pattern. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein forming the at least one insulating layer and forming one of the at least one insulating support part, includes:
forming a forth insulating film above the base substrate, and performing a patterning process on the forth insulating film to form the organic filling pattern in the region between the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the bonding region of the base substrate and the forth sub-layer in the bonding region; forming a first insulating film above the base substrate above which the organic filling pattern and the forth sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the first insulating film to form the planarization layer body in the non-bonding region of the base substrate and the first sub-layer in the bonding region; forming a second insulating film above the base substrate above which the planarization layer body and the first sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the second insulating film to form the pixel defining pattern in the non-bonding region and the second sub-layer in the bonding region; and forming a third insulating film above the base substrate above which the pixel defining pattern and the second sub-layer have been formed, and performing a patterning process on the third insulating film to form the spacer pattern in the non-bonding region and the third sub-layer in the bonding region. 10.-15. (Canceled) 16. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
forming an array substrate on a rigid support substrate by the manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the base substrate in the array substrate is a flexible base substrate; peeling the array substrate from the rigid support substrate; attaching a protective back film on a side of the flexible substrate facing away from the plurality of bonding pads; providing at least one IC, wherein each IC includes a plurality of IC bumps; and bonding each IC bump to a corresponding bonding pad. 17. An array substrate, comprising:
a base substrate having a bonding region, a plurality of bonding pads disposed in the bonding region, and at least one insulating support part disposed at at least one position where the plurality of bonding pads are not provided in the bonding region. 18. The array substrate according to claim 17, wherein a distance from a surface of the at least one insulating support part facing away from the base substrate to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads is greater than a distance from a surface of at least one bonding pad facing away from the base substrate to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads. 19. (canceled) 20. The array substrate according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of bonding pads include a first bonding pad group and a second bonding pad group, and the at least one insulating support part includes at least one insulating support part group, wherein
the first bonding pad group includes at least one input bonding pad, and the second bonding pad group includes at least one output bonding pad, and the first bonding pad group, the second bonding pad group and the at least one insulating support part group are spaced apart from each other. 21. The array substrate according to claim 20, wherein at least one insulating support part group includes a plurality of insulating support part groups,
one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at a side of the first bonding pad group facing away from the second bonding pad group, or one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at a side of the second bonding pad group facing away from the first bonding pad group, or one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at the side of the first bonding pad group facing away from the second bonding pad group, and one or more insulating support part groups are disposed at the side of the second bonding pad group facing away from the first bonding pad group. 22. (canceled) 23. The array substrate according to claim 20, wherein
the first bonding pad group includes at least one row of input bonding pads spaced apart from each other, the second bonding pad group includes at least one row of output bonding pads spaced apart from each other, and the at least one insulating support part group includes at least one row of insulating support parts spaced apart from each other; and the at least one row of input bonding pads, the at least one row of output bonding pads and the at least one row of insulating support parts are parallel to each other. 24.-25. (canceled) 26. The array substrate according to claim 17, wherein an area of a surface of an insulating support part facing away from the base substrate is less than an area of a surface of the insulating support part facing the base substrate. 27. The array substrate according to claim 17, further comprising at least one insulating layer disposed in a non-bonding region of the base substrate; and
at least one part of an insulating support part is formed in a same layer as an insulating layer. 28. (canceled) 29. The array substrate according to claim 27, wherein the at least one insulating layer includes a planarization layer body, a pixel defining pattern and a spacer pattern, all of which are sequentially disposed above the base substrate in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads;
one of the at least one insulating support part includes a first sub-layer, a second sub-layer and a third sub-layer, all of which are sequentially disposed above the base substrate in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads, wherein the first sub-layer is disposed in a same layer as the planarization layer body; the second sub-layer is disposed in a same layer as the pixel defining pattern; and the third sub-layer is disposed in a same layer as the spacer pattern. 30. The array substrate according to claim 29, further comprising an organic filling pattern disposed between the planarization layer and the base substrate and located in a region between the non-bonding region and the bonding region, wherein
the insulating support part further includes a fourth sub-layer located between the first sub-layer and the base substrate, wherein the fourth sub-layer is formed in a same layer as the organic filling pattern. 31.-32. (canceled) 33. A display device, comprising:
the array substrate according to claim 17; and at least one IC, wherein each IC includes a plurality of IC bumps, and each IC bump is bonded to a corresponding bonding pad. 34. The array substrate according to claim 20, wherein the at least one insulating support part group is disposed between the first bonding pad group and the second bonding pad group. 35. The display device according to claim 33, wherein a difference between a distance from a surface of the at least one insulating support part facing away from the base substrate to a surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads and a distance from a surface of at least one bonding pad facing away from the base substrate to the surface of the base substrate facing the plurality of bonding pads is less than or equal to a thickness of at least one IC bump. | 2,600 |
342,887 | 16,642,628 | 2,641 | Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for dynamic picture-in-picture (PIP) by a client. The client may reside on any device. The client may receive video content from a server, and identify an object within the video content using at least one of object recognition or metadata. The metadata may include information that indicates a location of an object within a frame of the video content. The client may receive a selection of the object by a user, and determine positional data of the object across frames of the video content using at least one of object recognition or metadata. The client may display an enlarged and time-delayed version of the object within a PIP window across the frames of the video content. Alternatively or additionally, the location of the PIP window within each frame may be fixed or may be based on the location of the object within each frame. | 1-24. (canceled) 25. A method for generating a dynamic picture-in-picture for displaying on a display device, the method comprising:
receiving video content from a server; determining a first position of an object within a first frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; determining a position of a first window based on the first position of the object, the first window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the first frame, the visually enlarged portion of the first frame comprising the object; generating the first window within the first frame for displaying on the display device; determining a second position of the object within a second frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata, wherein the second position of the object is different than the first position of the object; determining a position of a second window based on the second position of the object, the second window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the second frame, the visually enlarged portion of the second frame comprising the object; and generating the second window within the first frame for displaying on the display device. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising determining that the first window or the second window is overlapping with the object. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
determining a third position of the object within a third frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; and generating a third window in a predetermined location within a fourth frame for displaying on the display device, wherein the third window comprises a visually enlarged portion of the third frame, the visually enlarged portion of the third frame comprising the object, and wherein the fourth frame is temporally subsequent to the third frame. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the first window comprises the visually enlarged portion of the first frame based on a user selection of the object. 29. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
identifying a plurality of objects within an earlier frame of the video content, the plurality of objects comprising the object; generating a plurality of windows within the earlier frame for displaying on the display device, each of the plurality of windows comprising a respective object of the plurality of objects, wherein each of the plurality of windows provides an indication of the respective object; and cycling through a window of focus of the plurality of windows based on user input. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
receiving a user selection of the object of the plurality of objects; and enlarging the object within the first window based on the user selection. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein metadata comprises information indicating a location of an object within a frame of the video content. 32. The method of claim 25, further comprising generating information relating to the object within the second frame for displaying on the display device. 33. A device comprising:
a processor configured to at least:
receive video content from a server;
determine a first position of an object within a first frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; determine a position of a first window based on the first position of the object, the first window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the first frame, the visually enlarged portion of the first frame comprising the object; generate the first window within the first frame for displaying on a display device; determine a second position of the object within a second frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata, wherein the second position of the object is different than the first position of the object; determine a position of a second window based on the second position of the object, the second window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the second frame, the visually enlarged portion of the second frame comprising the object; and generate the second window within the first frame for displaying on the display device. 34. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the first window or the second window is overlapping with the object. 35. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine a third position of the object within a third frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; and generate a third window in a predetermined location within a fourth frame for displaying on the display device, wherein the third window comprises a visually enlarged portion of the third frame, the visually enlarged portion of the third frame comprising the object, and wherein the fourth frame is temporally subsequent to the third frame. 36. The device of claim 33, wherein the first window comprises the visually enlarged portion of the first frame based on a user selection of the object. 37. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to:
Identify a plurality of objects within an earlier frame of the video content, the plurality of objects comprising the object; generate a plurality of windows within the earlier frame for displaying on the display device, each of the plurality of windows comprising a respective object of the plurality of objects, wherein each of the plurality of windows provides an indication of the respective object; and cycle through a window of focus of the plurality of windows based on user input. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive a user selection of the object of the plurality of objects; and enlarge the object within the first window based on the user selection. 39. The device of claim 33, wherein metadata comprises information indicating a location of an object within a frame of the video content. 40. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to generate information relating to the object within the second frame for displaying on the display device. | Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for dynamic picture-in-picture (PIP) by a client. The client may reside on any device. The client may receive video content from a server, and identify an object within the video content using at least one of object recognition or metadata. The metadata may include information that indicates a location of an object within a frame of the video content. The client may receive a selection of the object by a user, and determine positional data of the object across frames of the video content using at least one of object recognition or metadata. The client may display an enlarged and time-delayed version of the object within a PIP window across the frames of the video content. Alternatively or additionally, the location of the PIP window within each frame may be fixed or may be based on the location of the object within each frame.1-24. (canceled) 25. A method for generating a dynamic picture-in-picture for displaying on a display device, the method comprising:
receiving video content from a server; determining a first position of an object within a first frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; determining a position of a first window based on the first position of the object, the first window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the first frame, the visually enlarged portion of the first frame comprising the object; generating the first window within the first frame for displaying on the display device; determining a second position of the object within a second frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata, wherein the second position of the object is different than the first position of the object; determining a position of a second window based on the second position of the object, the second window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the second frame, the visually enlarged portion of the second frame comprising the object; and generating the second window within the first frame for displaying on the display device. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising determining that the first window or the second window is overlapping with the object. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
determining a third position of the object within a third frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; and generating a third window in a predetermined location within a fourth frame for displaying on the display device, wherein the third window comprises a visually enlarged portion of the third frame, the visually enlarged portion of the third frame comprising the object, and wherein the fourth frame is temporally subsequent to the third frame. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the first window comprises the visually enlarged portion of the first frame based on a user selection of the object. 29. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
identifying a plurality of objects within an earlier frame of the video content, the plurality of objects comprising the object; generating a plurality of windows within the earlier frame for displaying on the display device, each of the plurality of windows comprising a respective object of the plurality of objects, wherein each of the plurality of windows provides an indication of the respective object; and cycling through a window of focus of the plurality of windows based on user input. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
receiving a user selection of the object of the plurality of objects; and enlarging the object within the first window based on the user selection. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein metadata comprises information indicating a location of an object within a frame of the video content. 32. The method of claim 25, further comprising generating information relating to the object within the second frame for displaying on the display device. 33. A device comprising:
a processor configured to at least:
receive video content from a server;
determine a first position of an object within a first frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; determine a position of a first window based on the first position of the object, the first window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the first frame, the visually enlarged portion of the first frame comprising the object; generate the first window within the first frame for displaying on a display device; determine a second position of the object within a second frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata, wherein the second position of the object is different than the first position of the object; determine a position of a second window based on the second position of the object, the second window comprising a visually enlarged portion of the second frame, the visually enlarged portion of the second frame comprising the object; and generate the second window within the first frame for displaying on the display device. 34. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the first window or the second window is overlapping with the object. 35. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine a third position of the object within a third frame of the video content based on object recognition or metadata; and generate a third window in a predetermined location within a fourth frame for displaying on the display device, wherein the third window comprises a visually enlarged portion of the third frame, the visually enlarged portion of the third frame comprising the object, and wherein the fourth frame is temporally subsequent to the third frame. 36. The device of claim 33, wherein the first window comprises the visually enlarged portion of the first frame based on a user selection of the object. 37. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to:
Identify a plurality of objects within an earlier frame of the video content, the plurality of objects comprising the object; generate a plurality of windows within the earlier frame for displaying on the display device, each of the plurality of windows comprising a respective object of the plurality of objects, wherein each of the plurality of windows provides an indication of the respective object; and cycle through a window of focus of the plurality of windows based on user input. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive a user selection of the object of the plurality of objects; and enlarge the object within the first window based on the user selection. 39. The device of claim 33, wherein metadata comprises information indicating a location of an object within a frame of the video content. 40. The device of claim 33, wherein the processor is configured to generate information relating to the object within the second frame for displaying on the display device. | 2,600 |
342,888 | 16,642,614 | 2,641 | A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein the surface of the present core particles composed of a spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide containing at least Li, Mn, O, and two or more elements other than these is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O. Primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. The D50 is 0.5-9 μm, the value of (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100 is 0 to 25%, the value of (|mode diameter−D10|/mode diameter)×100 is 20-58%, and the value of the average primary particle diameter/D50 is 0.20-0.99. | 1. A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery, having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein a surface of present core particles composed of a spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide containing at least Li, Mn, O, and two or more elements other than Li, Mn, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O; and primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal;
wherein, with regard to a D50, a mode diameter, and a D10 of the positive electrode active substance according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method, the D50 is 0.5 to 9 μm, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D50 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 0 to 25%, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D10 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D10|/mode diameter)×100, is 20 to 58%; and wherein a ratio, average primary particle, diameter/D50 of an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), relative to the D50 is 0.20 to 0.99. 2. A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery, having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein the surface of present core particles composed of a spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide containing at least Li, Mn, O, and two or more elements other than Li, Mn, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O; a crystallite size of the positive electrode active substance is 80 to 490 nm; and a ratio, crystallite size/average primary particle diameter, of the crystallite size relative to an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), is 0.01 to 0.32;
wherein, with regard to a D50, a mode diameter, and a D10 of the positive electrode active substance, the D50 is 0.5 to 9 μm, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D50 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 0 to 25%, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D10 relative to the mode diameter, ((|mode diameter−D100|/mode diameter)×100, is 20 to 58%; and wherein a ratio, average primary particle, diameter/D50 of the average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance relative to the D50 is 0.20 to 0.99. 3. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio, Li/A, of Li relative to the A element in the positive electrode active substance surface, as obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 0.5 to 3.5. 4. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(M1yM2zMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤1.20, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, M1 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and M2 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 5. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(NiyMzMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤0.70, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, and M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 6. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 7. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average primary particle diameter which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) is 0.3 to 5.0 μm. 8. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 1, wherein a Dmin in a result of measuring a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.1 to 2.0 μm. 9. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured by a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a value of a strain obtained by Rietveld analysis is 0.00 to 0.35. 10. An all solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 as a positive electrode active substance. 11. An all solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2 as a positive electrode active substance. 12. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio, Li/A, of Li relative to the A element in the positive electrode active substance surface, as obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 0.5 to 3.5. 13. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 2, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(M1yM2zMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤1.20, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, M1 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and M2 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 14. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 3, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(M1yM2zMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤1.20, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, M1 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and M2 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 15. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 2, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(NiyMzMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤0.70, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, and M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 16. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 3, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(NiyMzMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤0.70, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, and M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 17. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 2, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 18. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 3, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 19. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 4, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 20. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 5, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. | A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein the surface of the present core particles composed of a spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide containing at least Li, Mn, O, and two or more elements other than these is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O. Primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. The D50 is 0.5-9 μm, the value of (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100 is 0 to 25%, the value of (|mode diameter−D10|/mode diameter)×100 is 20-58%, and the value of the average primary particle diameter/D50 is 0.20-0.99.1. A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery, having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein a surface of present core particles composed of a spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide containing at least Li, Mn, O, and two or more elements other than Li, Mn, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O; and primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal;
wherein, with regard to a D50, a mode diameter, and a D10 of the positive electrode active substance according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method, the D50 is 0.5 to 9 μm, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D50 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 0 to 25%, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D10 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D10|/mode diameter)×100, is 20 to 58%; and wherein a ratio, average primary particle, diameter/D50 of an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), relative to the D50 is 0.20 to 0.99. 2. A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery, having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, wherein the surface of present core particles composed of a spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide containing at least Li, Mn, O, and two or more elements other than Li, Mn, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O; a crystallite size of the positive electrode active substance is 80 to 490 nm; and a ratio, crystallite size/average primary particle diameter, of the crystallite size relative to an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), is 0.01 to 0.32;
wherein, with regard to a D50, a mode diameter, and a D10 of the positive electrode active substance, the D50 is 0.5 to 9 μm, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D50 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 0 to 25%, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D10 relative to the mode diameter, ((|mode diameter−D100|/mode diameter)×100, is 20 to 58%; and wherein a ratio, average primary particle, diameter/D50 of the average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance relative to the D50 is 0.20 to 0.99. 3. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio, Li/A, of Li relative to the A element in the positive electrode active substance surface, as obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 0.5 to 3.5. 4. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(M1yM2zMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤1.20, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, M1 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and M2 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 5. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(NiyMzMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤0.70, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, and M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 6. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 7. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average primary particle diameter which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) is 0.3 to 5.0 μm. 8. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 1, wherein a Dmin in a result of measuring a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.1 to 2.0 μm. 9. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured by a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a value of a strain obtained by Rietveld analysis is 0.00 to 0.35. 10. An all solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 as a positive electrode active substance. 11. An all solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2 as a positive electrode active substance. 12. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio, Li/A, of Li relative to the A element in the positive electrode active substance surface, as obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 0.5 to 3.5. 13. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 2, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(M1yM2zMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤1.20, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, M1 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and M2 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 14. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 3, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(M1yM2zMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤1.20, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, M1 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and M2 represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 15. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 2, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(NiyMzMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤0.70, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, and M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 16. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 3, wherein the spinel-type lithium manganese-containing composite oxide is represented by a general formula [Lix(NiyMzMn2-x-y-z)O4-δ], wherein 1.00≤x≤1.20, 0.20≤y≤0.70, 0<z≤0.5, 0≤δ≤0.2, and M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Ta, W, Re, and Ce. 17. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 2, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 18. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 3, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 19. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 4, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 20. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according claim 5, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. | 2,600 |
342,889 | 16,642,612 | 2,641 | Methods and systems of augmenting an implant intraoperatively and preparing a cone for revision surgical procedure are disclosed. A system includes a cutting device, a tracking and navigation system and a cutting system in operable communication with the cutting device and the tracking and navigation system. The cutting device includes a communication system, a cutting element, and a plurality of optical trackers. The tracking and navigation system is configured to detect a location of optical trackers. The control system is configured to cause the tracking and navigation system to detect the location of the cutting device, determine a revised shape for an implant cavity, cause the cutting device to cut the implant cavity to the revised shape, select a shape for a cone to be placed in the revised implant cavity, and machine the cone to the selected shape. | 1. A method of augmenting an implant intraoperatively, the method comprising:
removing an existing implant from an implant cavity; determining a shape of the implant cavity; selecting a shape and position for a cone based on at least the determined shape of the implant cavity; machining the cone, wherein the machined cone has the selected shape; installing the cone at the selected position within the implant cavity; and installing a revision implant in the cone. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining a coordinate system for a tracking and navigation system during a surgical procedure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein defining a coordinate system comprises identifying a set of fiduciary points on a patient using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the shape of the implant cavity comprises tracing a surface of the implant cavity using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the shape of the implant cavity comprises tracking a location of a cutting device used to shape the surface of the implant cavity. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising simulating the shape and position of the cone using a graphical user interface. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the shape and position of the cone comprises:
modifying one or more of the shape of the cone and the position of the cone within the graphical user interface; and altering the selected shape and position of the cone based on the modifications. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating a set of instructions for machining the cone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein machining the cone comprises machining the cone intraoperatively. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
updating the shape of the cone from the selected shape to a revised shape; and machining the machined cone to the revised shape. 11. A method of preparing a custom cone for a revision surgical procedure, the method comprising:
providing a cone blank having a standardized size and shape on a shaping fixture; determining, by a tracking and navigation system, outer dimensions for the cone blank based on the standardized size and shape of the cone blank and one or more registration features of the shaping fixture; determining, by the tracking and navigation system, a position of a cutting device; and providing one or more operational instructions to the cutting device to shape the cone blank to the custom cone. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
registering the one or more registration features on the shaping fixture by identifying a set of fiduciary points on the shaping fixture using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein providing one or more operational instructions comprises controlling, by a control system in operable communication with the tracking and navigation system, operation of the cutting device based on the position of the cutting device and the custom cone shape. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein controlling operation of the cutting device comprises wirelessly controlling operation of the cutting device. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the cutting device is a handheld cutting device. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the cutting device comprises a plurality of optical trackers. 17. A method of preparing a custom cone for a revision surgical procedure, the method comprising:
providing a cone blank having a standardized size and shape on a shaping fixture; determining a minimum cone volume for the custom cone; determining, by a tracking and navigation system, a location of the cone blank; determining, by the tracking and navigation system, a location of a cutting device, wherein the cutting device comprises a cutting element; and causing the cutting device to operate the cutting element when the cutting element of the cutting device is located within removable cone material surrounding the minimum cone volume of the cone blank. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a minimum cone volume for the custom cone comprises generating a three-dimensional model of the cone blank comprising the minimum cone volume surrounded by the removable cone material. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a minimum cone volume comprises:
determining a shape of an implant cavity; and selecting a shape and position for the minimum cone value based on at least the determined shape of the implant cavity. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a location of the cone blank comprises registering one or more registration features on the shaping fixture by identifying a set of fiduciary points on the shaping fixture using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a location of a cutting device comprises identifying a location of each of a plurality of optical trackers associated with the cutting device. 22. A system for augmenting an implant intraoperatively, the system comprising:
a cutting device having a communication system, a cutting element, and a plurality of optical trackers; a tracking and navigation system configured to detect a location of one or more optical trackers; a control system in operable communication with the tracking and navigation system and the cutting device, wherein the control system is configured to:
cause the tracking and navigation system to detect a location of the cutting device by identifying a location of the plurality of optical trackers associated with the cutting device,
determine a revised shape for an implant cavity,
cause the cutting device to cut the implant cavity to the revised shape when the tracking and navigation system identifies that the cutting element is positioned within the implant cavity,
select a shape for a cone based on at least the determined shape of the implant cavity, and
cause the cutting device to machine a cone blank to the selected shape when the tracking and navigation system identifies that the cutting element is positioned in proximity to the cone blank. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the communication system of the cutting device comprises a wireless communication system. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the cutting element of the cutting device comprises a rotary burr. 25. The system of claim 22, further comprising:
a probe having a plurality of optical trackers; and a shaping fixture comprising a plurality of registration points, wherein the control system is further configured to determine a location of the shaping fixture by:
directing a user to place the probe on each of the plurality of registration points, and
for each registration point, causing the tracking and navigation system to detect a location of the plurality of optical trackers associated with the probe. | Methods and systems of augmenting an implant intraoperatively and preparing a cone for revision surgical procedure are disclosed. A system includes a cutting device, a tracking and navigation system and a cutting system in operable communication with the cutting device and the tracking and navigation system. The cutting device includes a communication system, a cutting element, and a plurality of optical trackers. The tracking and navigation system is configured to detect a location of optical trackers. The control system is configured to cause the tracking and navigation system to detect the location of the cutting device, determine a revised shape for an implant cavity, cause the cutting device to cut the implant cavity to the revised shape, select a shape for a cone to be placed in the revised implant cavity, and machine the cone to the selected shape.1. A method of augmenting an implant intraoperatively, the method comprising:
removing an existing implant from an implant cavity; determining a shape of the implant cavity; selecting a shape and position for a cone based on at least the determined shape of the implant cavity; machining the cone, wherein the machined cone has the selected shape; installing the cone at the selected position within the implant cavity; and installing a revision implant in the cone. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining a coordinate system for a tracking and navigation system during a surgical procedure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein defining a coordinate system comprises identifying a set of fiduciary points on a patient using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the shape of the implant cavity comprises tracing a surface of the implant cavity using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the shape of the implant cavity comprises tracking a location of a cutting device used to shape the surface of the implant cavity. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising simulating the shape and position of the cone using a graphical user interface. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the shape and position of the cone comprises:
modifying one or more of the shape of the cone and the position of the cone within the graphical user interface; and altering the selected shape and position of the cone based on the modifications. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating a set of instructions for machining the cone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein machining the cone comprises machining the cone intraoperatively. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
updating the shape of the cone from the selected shape to a revised shape; and machining the machined cone to the revised shape. 11. A method of preparing a custom cone for a revision surgical procedure, the method comprising:
providing a cone blank having a standardized size and shape on a shaping fixture; determining, by a tracking and navigation system, outer dimensions for the cone blank based on the standardized size and shape of the cone blank and one or more registration features of the shaping fixture; determining, by the tracking and navigation system, a position of a cutting device; and providing one or more operational instructions to the cutting device to shape the cone blank to the custom cone. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
registering the one or more registration features on the shaping fixture by identifying a set of fiduciary points on the shaping fixture using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein providing one or more operational instructions comprises controlling, by a control system in operable communication with the tracking and navigation system, operation of the cutting device based on the position of the cutting device and the custom cone shape. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein controlling operation of the cutting device comprises wirelessly controlling operation of the cutting device. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the cutting device is a handheld cutting device. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the cutting device comprises a plurality of optical trackers. 17. A method of preparing a custom cone for a revision surgical procedure, the method comprising:
providing a cone blank having a standardized size and shape on a shaping fixture; determining a minimum cone volume for the custom cone; determining, by a tracking and navigation system, a location of the cone blank; determining, by the tracking and navigation system, a location of a cutting device, wherein the cutting device comprises a cutting element; and causing the cutting device to operate the cutting element when the cutting element of the cutting device is located within removable cone material surrounding the minimum cone volume of the cone blank. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a minimum cone volume for the custom cone comprises generating a three-dimensional model of the cone blank comprising the minimum cone volume surrounded by the removable cone material. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a minimum cone volume comprises:
determining a shape of an implant cavity; and selecting a shape and position for the minimum cone value based on at least the determined shape of the implant cavity. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a location of the cone blank comprises registering one or more registration features on the shaping fixture by identifying a set of fiduciary points on the shaping fixture using a registered probe having a plurality of optical trackers. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a location of a cutting device comprises identifying a location of each of a plurality of optical trackers associated with the cutting device. 22. A system for augmenting an implant intraoperatively, the system comprising:
a cutting device having a communication system, a cutting element, and a plurality of optical trackers; a tracking and navigation system configured to detect a location of one or more optical trackers; a control system in operable communication with the tracking and navigation system and the cutting device, wherein the control system is configured to:
cause the tracking and navigation system to detect a location of the cutting device by identifying a location of the plurality of optical trackers associated with the cutting device,
determine a revised shape for an implant cavity,
cause the cutting device to cut the implant cavity to the revised shape when the tracking and navigation system identifies that the cutting element is positioned within the implant cavity,
select a shape for a cone based on at least the determined shape of the implant cavity, and
cause the cutting device to machine a cone blank to the selected shape when the tracking and navigation system identifies that the cutting element is positioned in proximity to the cone blank. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the communication system of the cutting device comprises a wireless communication system. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the cutting element of the cutting device comprises a rotary burr. 25. The system of claim 22, further comprising:
a probe having a plurality of optical trackers; and a shaping fixture comprising a plurality of registration points, wherein the control system is further configured to determine a location of the shaping fixture by:
directing a user to place the probe on each of the plurality of registration points, and
for each registration point, causing the tracking and navigation system to detect a location of the plurality of optical trackers associated with the probe. | 2,600 |
342,890 | 16,642,610 | 2,828 | A laser diode having a semiconductor layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material includes an n-type cladding layer, a first waveguide layer, a second waveguide layer and an active layer, and a p-type cladding layer including a first partial layer and a second partial layer, wherein the first partial layer includes Alx1Ga1-x1N with 0≤x1≤1 or Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N with 0≤x1≤1, 0≤y1<1 and x1+y1≤1, the aluminum content x1 decreases in a direction pointing away from the active layer so that the aluminum content has a maximum value x1max and a minimum value x1min≤x1max, and the second partial layer includes Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤x1min or Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N with 0≤x2≤x1min, 0≤y2<1 and x2+y2≤1. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A laser diode having a semiconductor layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material, comprising
an n-type cladding layer, a first waveguide layer, a second waveguide layer and an active layer that generates laser radiation disposed between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer, and a p-type cladding layer comprising a first partial layer facing the active layer and a second partial layer facing away from the active layer, wherein the first partial layer comprises Alx1Ga1-x1N with 0≤x1≤1 or Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N with 0≤x1≤1, 0≤y1<1 and x1+y1≤1, the aluminum content x1 decreases in a direction pointing away from the active layer so that the aluminum content has a maximum value x1max on a side facing the active layer and a minimum value x1min<x1max on a side remote from the active layer, and the second partial layer comprises Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤x1min or Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N with 0≤x2≤x1min, 0≤y2<1 and x2+y2≤1. 19. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.05≤x1max≤0.35 on a side facing the active layer. 20. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.08≤x1max≤0.25 on a side facing the active layer. 21. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.12≤x1max≤0.20 on a side facing the active layer. 22. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0≤x1min≤0.30 on a side remote from the active layer. 23. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.03≤x1min≤0.15 on a side remote from the active layer. 24. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.05≤x1min≤0.10 on a side remote from the active layer. 25. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the second partial layer comprises Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤0.1. 26. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the second partial layer comprises GaN. 27. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer is less than 300 nm thick. 28. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein a transparent conductive oxide layer is disposed on a side of the p-type cladding layer remote from the active layer. 29. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein an electron barrier layer is disposed between the second waveguide layer and the p-type cladding layer, the electron barrier layer comprises AlzGa1-zN, and the aluminum content z is greater than the aluminum content x1max of the first partial layer on a side facing the electron barrier layer. 30. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein at least the first waveguide layer or the second waveguide layer comprises InyGa1-yN with 0.005≤y≤0.1. 31. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein at least the first waveguide layer or the second waveguide layer comprises InyGa1-yN with 0.02≤y≤0.07. 32. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein at least the first waveguide layer or the second waveguide layer comprises InyGa1-yN with 0.03≤y≤0.05. 33. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the dopant concentration in the second partial layer is higher or rises to a higher value at least in some areas than in the first partial layer. 34. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer is less than 100 nm thick and the second partial layer is a GaN layer. 35. A laser diode having a semiconductor layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material, comprising
an n-type cladding layer, a first waveguide layer, a second waveguide layer and an active layer that generates laser radiation disposed between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer, and a p-type cladding layer comprising a first partial layer facing the active layer and a second partial layer facing away from the active layer, wherein the first partial layer comprises Alx1Ga1-x1N with 0≤x1≤1 or Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N with 0≤x1≤1, 0≤y1<1 and x1+y1≤1, the aluminum content x1 decreases in a direction pointing away from the active layer so that the aluminum content has a maximum value x1max on a side facing the active layer and a minimum value x1min<x1max on a side remote from the active layer, the second partial layer comprises Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤x1min or Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N with 0≤x2≤x1min, 0≤y2<1 and x2+y2≤1, and the dopant concentration in the second partial layer is higher or rises to a higher value at least in some areas than in the first partial layer. | A laser diode having a semiconductor layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material includes an n-type cladding layer, a first waveguide layer, a second waveguide layer and an active layer, and a p-type cladding layer including a first partial layer and a second partial layer, wherein the first partial layer includes Alx1Ga1-x1N with 0≤x1≤1 or Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N with 0≤x1≤1, 0≤y1<1 and x1+y1≤1, the aluminum content x1 decreases in a direction pointing away from the active layer so that the aluminum content has a maximum value x1max and a minimum value x1min≤x1max, and the second partial layer includes Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤x1min or Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N with 0≤x2≤x1min, 0≤y2<1 and x2+y2≤1.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A laser diode having a semiconductor layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material, comprising
an n-type cladding layer, a first waveguide layer, a second waveguide layer and an active layer that generates laser radiation disposed between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer, and a p-type cladding layer comprising a first partial layer facing the active layer and a second partial layer facing away from the active layer, wherein the first partial layer comprises Alx1Ga1-x1N with 0≤x1≤1 or Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N with 0≤x1≤1, 0≤y1<1 and x1+y1≤1, the aluminum content x1 decreases in a direction pointing away from the active layer so that the aluminum content has a maximum value x1max on a side facing the active layer and a minimum value x1min<x1max on a side remote from the active layer, and the second partial layer comprises Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤x1min or Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N with 0≤x2≤x1min, 0≤y2<1 and x2+y2≤1. 19. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.05≤x1max≤0.35 on a side facing the active layer. 20. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.08≤x1max≤0.25 on a side facing the active layer. 21. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.12≤x1max≤0.20 on a side facing the active layer. 22. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0≤x1min≤0.30 on a side remote from the active layer. 23. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.03≤x1min≤0.15 on a side remote from the active layer. 24. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer has an aluminum content of 0.05≤x1min≤0.10 on a side remote from the active layer. 25. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the second partial layer comprises Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤0.1. 26. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the second partial layer comprises GaN. 27. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer is less than 300 nm thick. 28. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein a transparent conductive oxide layer is disposed on a side of the p-type cladding layer remote from the active layer. 29. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein an electron barrier layer is disposed between the second waveguide layer and the p-type cladding layer, the electron barrier layer comprises AlzGa1-zN, and the aluminum content z is greater than the aluminum content x1max of the first partial layer on a side facing the electron barrier layer. 30. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein at least the first waveguide layer or the second waveguide layer comprises InyGa1-yN with 0.005≤y≤0.1. 31. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein at least the first waveguide layer or the second waveguide layer comprises InyGa1-yN with 0.02≤y≤0.07. 32. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein at least the first waveguide layer or the second waveguide layer comprises InyGa1-yN with 0.03≤y≤0.05. 33. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the dopant concentration in the second partial layer is higher or rises to a higher value at least in some areas than in the first partial layer. 34. The laser diode according to claim 18, wherein the first partial layer is less than 100 nm thick and the second partial layer is a GaN layer. 35. A laser diode having a semiconductor layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material, comprising
an n-type cladding layer, a first waveguide layer, a second waveguide layer and an active layer that generates laser radiation disposed between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer, and a p-type cladding layer comprising a first partial layer facing the active layer and a second partial layer facing away from the active layer, wherein the first partial layer comprises Alx1Ga1-x1N with 0≤x1≤1 or Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N with 0≤x1≤1, 0≤y1<1 and x1+y1≤1, the aluminum content x1 decreases in a direction pointing away from the active layer so that the aluminum content has a maximum value x1max on a side facing the active layer and a minimum value x1min<x1max on a side remote from the active layer, the second partial layer comprises Alx2Ga1-x2N with 0≤x2≤x1min or Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N with 0≤x2≤x1min, 0≤y2<1 and x2+y2≤1, and the dopant concentration in the second partial layer is higher or rises to a higher value at least in some areas than in the first partial layer. | 2,800 |
342,891 | 16,642,634 | 2,828 | This application discloses a hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt and a preparation method thereof. The flocking belt includes a flocking belt film, flocking belt glue, villi and flocking paint. The flocking glue is roller-coated or sprayed on the flocking film to form a flocking glue layer, and the villi is implanted on the flocking glue layer by high voltage static electricity in electrostatic chamber. The flocking paint is roller-coated or sprayed on the villi to form a flocking coating which includes fluorosilicone modified waterborne polyurethane resin, polyurethane modified acrylic emulsion, organic molybdenum, organic silicon, curing agent and solvent. The flocking belt described in this application is installed in a guide groove of the automobile glass, which is enabled to solve the problem of abnormal sounds caused by rising and falling of glass of automobile windows. In addition, the flocking coating feels soft and smooth. | 1. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt, comprising:
a flocking belt film, flocking belt glue, villi, and flocking paint, wherein the flocking glue is roller-coated or sprayed on the flocking film to form a flocking glue layer, the villi is implanted on the flocking glue layer by high voltage static electricity in electrostatic chamber, and the flocking paint is roller-coated or sprayed on the villi to form a flocking coating which comprises fluorosilicone modified waterborne polyurethane resin, polyurethane modified acrylic emulsion, organic molybdenum, organic silicon, curing agent and solvent. 2. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the flocking coating further comprises a defoaming agent. 3. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 2, characterized in that the flocking coating comprises compositions with the following weight ratios: 4. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 3, characterized in that the curing agent is an isocyanate; and the solvent is an alcohol ether solvent or water. 5. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 3, characterized in that the defoaming agent is a high molecular polymer defoaming agent. 6. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the flocking film is one or more mixtures of TPV, PVC and TPE flocking films. 7. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the flocking glue is PU water-based flocking glue. 8. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the villi is PET or PA villi. 9. A preparation method of the hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: applying the flocking glue to the flocking film by means of roller-coating or spraying; step 2: using high voltage static electricity in electrostatic chamber to implant the villi into the flocking glue layer and putting the belt into a drying tunnel for baking and curing; the semi-finished flocking belt can be obtained by means of rolling after it leaves the drying tunnel; and step 3: putting the semi-finished flocking belt into the unrolling table to spray or roller-coat it with the prepared flocking coating, and then putting it into the drying tunnel for baking and curing. 10. A preparation method of the hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 9, characterized in that the method further comprises step 4: winding after leaving the drying tunnel, slitting, fine cutting, rewinding and packaging. | This application discloses a hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt and a preparation method thereof. The flocking belt includes a flocking belt film, flocking belt glue, villi and flocking paint. The flocking glue is roller-coated or sprayed on the flocking film to form a flocking glue layer, and the villi is implanted on the flocking glue layer by high voltage static electricity in electrostatic chamber. The flocking paint is roller-coated or sprayed on the villi to form a flocking coating which includes fluorosilicone modified waterborne polyurethane resin, polyurethane modified acrylic emulsion, organic molybdenum, organic silicon, curing agent and solvent. The flocking belt described in this application is installed in a guide groove of the automobile glass, which is enabled to solve the problem of abnormal sounds caused by rising and falling of glass of automobile windows. In addition, the flocking coating feels soft and smooth.1. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt, comprising:
a flocking belt film, flocking belt glue, villi, and flocking paint, wherein the flocking glue is roller-coated or sprayed on the flocking film to form a flocking glue layer, the villi is implanted on the flocking glue layer by high voltage static electricity in electrostatic chamber, and the flocking paint is roller-coated or sprayed on the villi to form a flocking coating which comprises fluorosilicone modified waterborne polyurethane resin, polyurethane modified acrylic emulsion, organic molybdenum, organic silicon, curing agent and solvent. 2. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the flocking coating further comprises a defoaming agent. 3. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 2, characterized in that the flocking coating comprises compositions with the following weight ratios: 4. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 3, characterized in that the curing agent is an isocyanate; and the solvent is an alcohol ether solvent or water. 5. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 3, characterized in that the defoaming agent is a high molecular polymer defoaming agent. 6. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the flocking film is one or more mixtures of TPV, PVC and TPE flocking films. 7. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the flocking glue is PU water-based flocking glue. 8. A hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the villi is PET or PA villi. 9. A preparation method of the hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: applying the flocking glue to the flocking film by means of roller-coating or spraying; step 2: using high voltage static electricity in electrostatic chamber to implant the villi into the flocking glue layer and putting the belt into a drying tunnel for baking and curing; the semi-finished flocking belt can be obtained by means of rolling after it leaves the drying tunnel; and step 3: putting the semi-finished flocking belt into the unrolling table to spray or roller-coat it with the prepared flocking coating, and then putting it into the drying tunnel for baking and curing. 10. A preparation method of the hydrophobic automobile rubber seal strip flocking belt according to claim 9, characterized in that the method further comprises step 4: winding after leaving the drying tunnel, slitting, fine cutting, rewinding and packaging. | 2,800 |
342,892 | 16,642,631 | 2,828 | A software installation system including a processor and a memory for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, the software installation system includes: an installability information storage unit that stores information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation unit that determines, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, executes a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. | 1. A software installation system comprising a processor and a memory for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, the software installation system comprising:
an installability information storage unit that stores information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation unit that determines, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, executes a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. 2. The software installation system according to claim 1, wherein
the installability information storage unit stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to the configuration of the software that has failed to be installed, and when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the configuration of the software, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of modifying the configuration of the designated software to install the designated software on the information processing device. 3. The software installation system according to claim 1, wherein
the installability information storage unit stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to a process that was being executed when the software failed to be installed, and when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the process, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of creating predetermined setting information associated with the process that was being executed to install the designated software on the information processing device. 4. The software installation system according to claim 1, wherein
when the software installation unit executes the predetermined process to install the designated software on the information processing device, the software installation unit deletes information created when the designated software failed to be installed. 5. The software installation system according to claim 1, further comprising
an output unit that outputs information indicating whether the designated software is capable of being installed. 6. The software installation system according to claim 1, further comprising
an output unit that outputs information indicating a result of determination as to whether the designated software is capable of being installed, wherein the installability information storage unit
stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to the configuration of the software that has failed to be installed, and
stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to a process that was being executed when the software failed to be installed,
when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the configuration of the software, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of modifying the configuration of the designated software to install the designated software on the information processing device, when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the process, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of creating predetermined setting information associated with the process that was being executed to install the designated software on the information processing device, and when the software installation unit executes the predetermined process to install the designated software on the information processing device, the software installation unit deletes information created when the designated software failed to be installed. 7. A software installation method for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, wherein
an information processing system including a processor and a memory executes: an installability information storing process of storing information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation process of determining, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. 8. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
the installability information storing process includes storing, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to the configuration of the software that has failed to be installed, and the software installation process includes determining, when the designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the configuration of the software, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, as the predetermined process, a process of modifying the configuration of the designated software to install the designated software on the information processing device. 9. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
the installability information storing process includes storing, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to a process that was being executed when the software failed to be installed, and the software installation process includes determining, when the designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the process, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, as the predetermined process, a process of creating predetermined setting information associated with the process that was being executed to install the designated software on the information processing device. 10. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
the software installation process includes deleting, when executing the predetermined process to install the designated software on the information processing device, information created when the designated software failed to be installed. 11. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
an output process of outputting information indicating whether the designated software is capable of being installed is executed. 12. A software installation program for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, the software installation program causing
an information processing system including a processor and a memory to execute: an installability information storing process of storing information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation process of determining, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. | A software installation system including a processor and a memory for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, the software installation system includes: an installability information storage unit that stores information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation unit that determines, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, executes a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device.1. A software installation system comprising a processor and a memory for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, the software installation system comprising:
an installability information storage unit that stores information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation unit that determines, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, executes a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. 2. The software installation system according to claim 1, wherein
the installability information storage unit stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to the configuration of the software that has failed to be installed, and when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the configuration of the software, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of modifying the configuration of the designated software to install the designated software on the information processing device. 3. The software installation system according to claim 1, wherein
the installability information storage unit stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to a process that was being executed when the software failed to be installed, and when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the process, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of creating predetermined setting information associated with the process that was being executed to install the designated software on the information processing device. 4. The software installation system according to claim 1, wherein
when the software installation unit executes the predetermined process to install the designated software on the information processing device, the software installation unit deletes information created when the designated software failed to be installed. 5. The software installation system according to claim 1, further comprising
an output unit that outputs information indicating whether the designated software is capable of being installed. 6. The software installation system according to claim 1, further comprising
an output unit that outputs information indicating a result of determination as to whether the designated software is capable of being installed, wherein the installability information storage unit
stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to the configuration of the software that has failed to be installed, and
stores, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to a process that was being executed when the software failed to be installed,
when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the configuration of the software, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of modifying the configuration of the designated software to install the designated software on the information processing device, when the software installation unit fails to install the designated software, the software installation unit determines whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the process, and when the software installation unit determines that the designated software is capable of being installed, the software installation unit executes, as the predetermined process, a process of creating predetermined setting information associated with the process that was being executed to install the designated software on the information processing device, and when the software installation unit executes the predetermined process to install the designated software on the information processing device, the software installation unit deletes information created when the designated software failed to be installed. 7. A software installation method for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, wherein
an information processing system including a processor and a memory executes: an installability information storing process of storing information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation process of determining, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. 8. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
the installability information storing process includes storing, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to the configuration of the software that has failed to be installed, and the software installation process includes determining, when the designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the configuration of the software, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, as the predetermined process, a process of modifying the configuration of the designated software to install the designated software on the information processing device. 9. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
the installability information storing process includes storing, as the information on the cause of the failure, information relating to a process that was being executed when the software failed to be installed, and the software installation process includes determining, when the designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information relating to the process, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, as the predetermined process, a process of creating predetermined setting information associated with the process that was being executed to install the designated software on the information processing device. 10. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
the software installation process includes deleting, when executing the predetermined process to install the designated software on the information processing device, information created when the designated software failed to be installed. 11. The software installation method according to claim 7, wherein
an output process of outputting information indicating whether the designated software is capable of being installed is executed. 12. A software installation program for installing software having a predetermined configuration on an information processing device, the software installation program causing
an information processing system including a processor and a memory to execute: an installability information storing process of storing information on the software that has failed to be installed on the information processing device, and information on a cause of the failure; and a software installation process of determining, when a designated software fails to be installed, whether the designated software is capable of being installed based on the stored information on the cause of the failure, and executing, when the designated software is determined to be capable of being installed, a predetermined process associated with the cause to install the designated software on the information processing device. | 2,800 |
342,893 | 16,642,588 | 2,828 | A synthesized image seen looking down from above the vehicle is compiled by connecting the multiple of overhead images, whereby an existence of a three-dimensional object in the vehicle periphery is determined, a correction value is calculated so as to reduce a difference in luminance and coloring in a luminance and coloring correction reference region in which neighboring overhead images overlap, luminance and coloring correction is carried out using the correction value when an amount of change in the luminance and coloring information formed of the correction is less than a predetermined value, and the images wherein luminance and coloring has been corrected are synthesized by connecting into one image, whereby a beautiful display image with a continuous, smooth joint can be obtained. | 1. An image synthesizer, comprising:
a multiple of periphery monitoring cameras that are mounted on a vehicle and film a periphery of the vehicle; an image processor that compiles a synthesized image by synthesizing a multiple of images filmed by the periphery monitoring cameras; and an image display device that displays the synthesized image, wherein the image processor includes an image luminance and color corrector that calculates a correction value so as to reduce a difference in luminance and coloring in a luminance and coloring correction reference region in which neighboring images overlap, and a vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device that detects a three-dimensional object in the periphery of the vehicle, and the image processor carries out image processing control using the correction value in accordance with a result of the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device detecting the three-dimensional object. 2. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device detects an existence and a position of a three-dimensional object in an own vehicle periphery based on a result of a detection by a sensor device configured of at least one active sensor. 3. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device detects an existence and a position of a three-dimensional object in a periphery of the vehicle based on an image recognition process carried out on an image filmed by the periphery monitoring camera device. 4. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, comprising a sensor device that detects a three-dimensional object in the periphery of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device calculates a position of the three-dimensional object from a result of a detection by the sensor device and an image from the periphery monitoring camera device, and adopts a region from which a region in the image corresponding to the position of the three-dimensional object is excluded as the luminance and coloring correction reference region when the position of the three-dimensional object is within the luminance and coloring correction reference region. 5. The image synthesizer according to claim 4, wherein the sensor device is an active sensor. 6. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, comprising a luminance and coloring information storage device that stores luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value calculated by the image luminance and color corrector, wherein luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied correction value stored in the luminance and coloring information storage device when the position of the three-dimensional object detected by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device is within the luminance and coloring correction reference region. 7. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein, when a correction value is calculated by the image luminance and color corrector, the correction value is calculated in a region in which no three-dimensional object exists when a position of a three-dimensional object determined by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device is in a region common to neighboring camera images for calculating the correction value. 8. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein, in a case of a region common to neighboring camera images for calculating a correction value determined by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device, the image luminance and color corrector carries out luminance and coloring correction by taking over past luminance and coloring correction values of a case in which there is no obstacle for both the neighboring images. 9. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein a determination by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device is carried out in accordance with an amount of change in the luminance and coloring caused by a correction value in the image luminance and color corrector. 10. The image synthesizer according to claim 9, comprising a luminance and coloring information storage device that stores luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value calculated by the image luminance and color corrector, wherein luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied correction value stored in the luminance and coloring information storage device when an amount of change in the luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value is of a predetermined value or greater. 11. An image synthesizer, comprising:
a multiple of periphery monitoring camera devices that film a periphery of the vehicle; an image processor that compiles a synthesized image by synthesizing a multiple of images filmed by the periphery monitoring camera devices; and an image display device that displays the synthesized image, wherein the image processor includes a change amount detector that detects an amount of change in a region common to neighboring images filmed by the periphery monitoring camera devices, an image luminance and color corrector that corrects based on luminance and coloring correction values of both neighboring images when an amount of change in a region common to neighboring images is equal to or less than a threshold, and carries out luminance and coloring correction using a past correction value when the amount of change is equal to or greater than the threshold, and an image synthesizer that synthesizes images corrected by the image luminance and color corrector into one image. 12. An image synthesizing method of being mounted on a vehicle, filming an object in a periphery of the vehicle, compiling a multiple of images, and compiling a synthesized image of the multiple of images, wherein a correction value for reducing a difference in luminance and coloring in a luminance and coloring correction reference region in which neighboring images overlap is calculated, a three-dimensional object in the periphery of the vehicle is detected, and image processing control using the correction value is carried out based on a result of the three-dimensional object being detected. 13. The image synthesizing method according to claim 12, wherein a three-dimensional object in the periphery is detected, a position of the three-dimensional object is calculated from a result of the detection and the filmed images, and a region from which a region in the image corresponding to the position of the three-dimensional object is excluded is adopted as the luminance and coloring correction reference region when the position of the three-dimensional object is within the luminance and coloring correction reference region. 14. The image synthesizing method according to claim 13, wherein luminance and coloring information formed of the calculated correction value is stored, and luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied stored correction value when an amount of change in the luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value is of a predetermined value or greater. 15. The image synthesizing method according to claim 12, wherein detection of a three-dimensional object in the vehicle periphery is carried out in accordance with an amount of change in the luminance and coloring. 16. The image synthesizing method according to claim 15, wherein a three-dimensional object in the periphery is detected, a position of the three-dimensional object is calculated from a result of the detection and the filmed images, and luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied stored correction value when the position of the three-dimensional object is within a region in which the images overlap. | A synthesized image seen looking down from above the vehicle is compiled by connecting the multiple of overhead images, whereby an existence of a three-dimensional object in the vehicle periphery is determined, a correction value is calculated so as to reduce a difference in luminance and coloring in a luminance and coloring correction reference region in which neighboring overhead images overlap, luminance and coloring correction is carried out using the correction value when an amount of change in the luminance and coloring information formed of the correction is less than a predetermined value, and the images wherein luminance and coloring has been corrected are synthesized by connecting into one image, whereby a beautiful display image with a continuous, smooth joint can be obtained.1. An image synthesizer, comprising:
a multiple of periphery monitoring cameras that are mounted on a vehicle and film a periphery of the vehicle; an image processor that compiles a synthesized image by synthesizing a multiple of images filmed by the periphery monitoring cameras; and an image display device that displays the synthesized image, wherein the image processor includes an image luminance and color corrector that calculates a correction value so as to reduce a difference in luminance and coloring in a luminance and coloring correction reference region in which neighboring images overlap, and a vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device that detects a three-dimensional object in the periphery of the vehicle, and the image processor carries out image processing control using the correction value in accordance with a result of the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device detecting the three-dimensional object. 2. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device detects an existence and a position of a three-dimensional object in an own vehicle periphery based on a result of a detection by a sensor device configured of at least one active sensor. 3. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device detects an existence and a position of a three-dimensional object in a periphery of the vehicle based on an image recognition process carried out on an image filmed by the periphery monitoring camera device. 4. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, comprising a sensor device that detects a three-dimensional object in the periphery of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device calculates a position of the three-dimensional object from a result of a detection by the sensor device and an image from the periphery monitoring camera device, and adopts a region from which a region in the image corresponding to the position of the three-dimensional object is excluded as the luminance and coloring correction reference region when the position of the three-dimensional object is within the luminance and coloring correction reference region. 5. The image synthesizer according to claim 4, wherein the sensor device is an active sensor. 6. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, comprising a luminance and coloring information storage device that stores luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value calculated by the image luminance and color corrector, wherein luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied correction value stored in the luminance and coloring information storage device when the position of the three-dimensional object detected by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device is within the luminance and coloring correction reference region. 7. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein, when a correction value is calculated by the image luminance and color corrector, the correction value is calculated in a region in which no three-dimensional object exists when a position of a three-dimensional object determined by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device is in a region common to neighboring camera images for calculating the correction value. 8. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein, in a case of a region common to neighboring camera images for calculating a correction value determined by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device, the image luminance and color corrector carries out luminance and coloring correction by taking over past luminance and coloring correction values of a case in which there is no obstacle for both the neighboring images. 9. The image synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein a determination by the vehicle periphery three-dimensional object decision device is carried out in accordance with an amount of change in the luminance and coloring caused by a correction value in the image luminance and color corrector. 10. The image synthesizer according to claim 9, comprising a luminance and coloring information storage device that stores luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value calculated by the image luminance and color corrector, wherein luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied correction value stored in the luminance and coloring information storage device when an amount of change in the luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value is of a predetermined value or greater. 11. An image synthesizer, comprising:
a multiple of periphery monitoring camera devices that film a periphery of the vehicle; an image processor that compiles a synthesized image by synthesizing a multiple of images filmed by the periphery monitoring camera devices; and an image display device that displays the synthesized image, wherein the image processor includes a change amount detector that detects an amount of change in a region common to neighboring images filmed by the periphery monitoring camera devices, an image luminance and color corrector that corrects based on luminance and coloring correction values of both neighboring images when an amount of change in a region common to neighboring images is equal to or less than a threshold, and carries out luminance and coloring correction using a past correction value when the amount of change is equal to or greater than the threshold, and an image synthesizer that synthesizes images corrected by the image luminance and color corrector into one image. 12. An image synthesizing method of being mounted on a vehicle, filming an object in a periphery of the vehicle, compiling a multiple of images, and compiling a synthesized image of the multiple of images, wherein a correction value for reducing a difference in luminance and coloring in a luminance and coloring correction reference region in which neighboring images overlap is calculated, a three-dimensional object in the periphery of the vehicle is detected, and image processing control using the correction value is carried out based on a result of the three-dimensional object being detected. 13. The image synthesizing method according to claim 12, wherein a three-dimensional object in the periphery is detected, a position of the three-dimensional object is calculated from a result of the detection and the filmed images, and a region from which a region in the image corresponding to the position of the three-dimensional object is excluded is adopted as the luminance and coloring correction reference region when the position of the three-dimensional object is within the luminance and coloring correction reference region. 14. The image synthesizing method according to claim 13, wherein luminance and coloring information formed of the calculated correction value is stored, and luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied stored correction value when an amount of change in the luminance and coloring information formed of the correction value is of a predetermined value or greater. 15. The image synthesizing method according to claim 12, wherein detection of a three-dimensional object in the vehicle periphery is carried out in accordance with an amount of change in the luminance and coloring. 16. The image synthesizing method according to claim 15, wherein a three-dimensional object in the periphery is detected, a position of the three-dimensional object is calculated from a result of the detection and the filmed images, and luminance and coloring correction is carried out using a most recently applied stored correction value when the position of the three-dimensional object is within a region in which the images overlap. | 2,800 |
342,894 | 16,642,620 | 2,828 | Provided are methods for the treatment of Fabry disease in a patient. Certain methods relate to the treatment of ERT-experienced or ERT-naïve Fabry patients. Certain methods comprise administering to the patient about 100 mg to about 150 mg free base equivalent of migalastat for enhancing and/or stabilizing cardiac function. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of increasing midwall fractional shortening (MWFS) in a patient having Fabry disease, the method comprising administering to the patient a formulation comprising an effective amount of migalastat or salt thereof every other day for increasing the patient's MWFS, wherein the effective amount is about 100 mg to about 150 mg free base equivalent (FBE). 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient has impaired MWFS prior to initiating administration of the migalastat or salt thereof. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the migalastat or salt thereof enhances α-galactosidase A activity. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is administered about 123 mg FBE of the migalastat or salt thereof every other day. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is administered about 123 mg of migalastat free base every other day. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is administered about 150 mg of migalastat hydrochloride every other day. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the formulation comprises an oral dosage form. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the oral dosage form comprises a tablet, a capsule or a solution. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the migalastat or salt thereof is administered for at least 12 months. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the migalastat or salt thereof is administered for at least 24 months. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)-naïve patient. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein the administration of migalastat or a salt thereof provides an average increase in MWFS in a group of ERT-naïve patients with impaired MWFS of at least about 1% after 24 months of administration of migalastat or a salt thereof. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is an ERT-experienced patient. 34. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient has a HEK assay amenable mutation in α-galactosidase A. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the mutation is disclosed in a pharmacological reference table. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmacological reference table is provided in a product label for a migalastat product approved for the treatment of Fabry disease. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmacological reference table is provided in a product label for GALAFOLD®. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmacological reference table is provided at a website. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the website is one or more of www.galafoldamenabilitytable.com or www.fabrygenevariantsearch.com. 40-74. (canceled) | Provided are methods for the treatment of Fabry disease in a patient. Certain methods relate to the treatment of ERT-experienced or ERT-naïve Fabry patients. Certain methods comprise administering to the patient about 100 mg to about 150 mg free base equivalent of migalastat for enhancing and/or stabilizing cardiac function.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of increasing midwall fractional shortening (MWFS) in a patient having Fabry disease, the method comprising administering to the patient a formulation comprising an effective amount of migalastat or salt thereof every other day for increasing the patient's MWFS, wherein the effective amount is about 100 mg to about 150 mg free base equivalent (FBE). 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient has impaired MWFS prior to initiating administration of the migalastat or salt thereof. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the migalastat or salt thereof enhances α-galactosidase A activity. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is administered about 123 mg FBE of the migalastat or salt thereof every other day. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is administered about 123 mg of migalastat free base every other day. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is administered about 150 mg of migalastat hydrochloride every other day. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the formulation comprises an oral dosage form. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the oral dosage form comprises a tablet, a capsule or a solution. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the migalastat or salt thereof is administered for at least 12 months. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the migalastat or salt thereof is administered for at least 24 months. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)-naïve patient. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein the administration of migalastat or a salt thereof provides an average increase in MWFS in a group of ERT-naïve patients with impaired MWFS of at least about 1% after 24 months of administration of migalastat or a salt thereof. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient is an ERT-experienced patient. 34. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient has a HEK assay amenable mutation in α-galactosidase A. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the mutation is disclosed in a pharmacological reference table. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmacological reference table is provided in a product label for a migalastat product approved for the treatment of Fabry disease. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmacological reference table is provided in a product label for GALAFOLD®. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmacological reference table is provided at a website. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the website is one or more of www.galafoldamenabilitytable.com or www.fabrygenevariantsearch.com. 40-74. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,895 | 16,642,592 | 2,828 | Described herein are essential oils, extracts, apparatus and methods for the extraction of the essential oils and extracts from plant biomass using microwaves. | 1. A method,
wherein the method obtains an extract from plant biomass, wherein the extract is an essential oil, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a. obtaining the plant biomass; b. placing the plant biomass onto a conveyor belt, having a length, and introducing the plant biomass into a vessel having length, via the conveyor belt,
wherein the plant biomass is introduced into the vessel by moving the conveyer belt at a first velocity, and
wherein the plant biomass is introduced into the vessel at a rate;
c. subjecting the plant biomass to microwave energy, of a first intensity, for a time sufficient to heat the biomass to a temperature to vaporize water within the biomass, thereby producing a distillate; and d. collecting the distillate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time sufficient to heat the biomass to a temperature to vaporize water is controlled by the first velocity of the conveyer belt, the length of the conveyer belt, the first intensity of the microwave energy, the length of the vessel, the temperature within the vessel, or any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant biomass is introduced into the vessel at a rate of at least 4 Kg of plant biomass per hour. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first intensity of the microwave energy is from 100 to 3000 Watts. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the inside of the vessel is from 40 to 100 degrees Celsius. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected distillate comprises from 200 to 3000 ppm essential oils. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected distillate is further processed to obtain the essential oils. 8. An essential oil extracted from at least one plant of the Jasminium species, wherein the essential oil comprises at least 7% w/w (z)-jasmone. 9. The essential oil of claim 8, wherein the essential oil comprises from 7 to 12% w/w (z)-jasmone. 10. The essential oil of claim 8, wherein the at least one plant of the Jasminium species is selected from the group consisting of Jasminium grandiflorum and Jasminium sambac. 11. The essential oil of claim 8, wherein the essential oil further comprises at least 5% w/w (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol. 12. The essential oil of claim 8, further comprising from 12 to 17% w/w (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol. 13. The essential oil of claim 8, further comprising at least 20% w/w benzyl acetate. 14. The essential oil of claim 8, further comprising from 3 to 7% w/w benzyl benzoate. 15. An essential oil extracted from Piper nigrum, wherein the essential oil comprises at least 7% w/w sabinine. 16. The essential oil of claim 15, wherein the essential oil comprises from 9 to 15% w/w sabinine. 17. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising from 12 to 16% w/w β-pinene. 18. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising from 20 to 30% w/w limonene. 19. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising from 7 to 12% w/w beta-caryophyllene. 20. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising less than 3% w/w piperine. 21. An essential oil extracted from ginger root, wherein the essential oil comprises at least 13% w/w eucalyptol. 22. The essential oil of claim 21, wherein the essential oil comprises from 13 to 15% w/w eucalyptol. 23. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising from 2 to 6% w/w 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. 24. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising from 19 to 25% w/w neral. 25. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising from 26 to 29% w/w geranial. 26. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising greater than 0.1% w/w 2-heptanone. 27. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising greater than 0.2% w/w nerol. 28. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising less than 1% w/w geraniol. 29. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising less than 18.5% w/w zingiberene. 30. An extract from pears, wherein the extract comprises at least 0.1% w/w hexyl acetate. 31. The extract of claim 30, wherein the extract comprises from 0.1 to 6% w/w hexyl acetate. 32. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 3 to 15% w/w acetol. 33. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 2 to 8% w/w acetic acid. 34. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.5 to 2% w/w furfural. 35. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.5 to 2% w/w furfural alcohol. 36. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.2 to 2% w/w 2-methylbutyric acid. 37. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 6 to 46% w/w 1,3-dihydroxyacetone. 38. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.2 to 7% w/w 1,3-octanediol. 39. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.5 to 4% w/w 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrolmaltol. 40. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 1 to 4% w/w 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. 41. An extract from roasted coffee beans, wherein the extract comprises at least 2% w/w coffee furanone. 42. The extract of claim 41, wherein the extract comprises from 2 to 2.5% w/w coffee furanone. 43. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 3 to 4% w/w 2-methyl pyrazine. 44. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 0.5 to 2% w/w acetylmethyl carbinol. 45. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 0.5 to 8% w/w acetol. 46. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 35 to 45% w/w furfuryl alcohol. 47. The extract of claim 41, further comprising 0.2% w/w 2-cyclopentenone. 48. A perfumed article comprising the essential oil of any one of claim 8, 15, or 21, or an extract of any one of claim 30 or 41, wherein the perfumed article is selected from the group consisting of: an aromatic water, a perfume, a cologne, a bath gel, a shower gel, a shampoo, a hair care product, a cosmetic preparation, a deodorant, an air freshener, a detergent, a fabric softener, and a household cleaner. 49. An extract, wherein the extract is obtained by a method of any one of claims 1 to 7. | Described herein are essential oils, extracts, apparatus and methods for the extraction of the essential oils and extracts from plant biomass using microwaves.1. A method,
wherein the method obtains an extract from plant biomass, wherein the extract is an essential oil, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a. obtaining the plant biomass; b. placing the plant biomass onto a conveyor belt, having a length, and introducing the plant biomass into a vessel having length, via the conveyor belt,
wherein the plant biomass is introduced into the vessel by moving the conveyer belt at a first velocity, and
wherein the plant biomass is introduced into the vessel at a rate;
c. subjecting the plant biomass to microwave energy, of a first intensity, for a time sufficient to heat the biomass to a temperature to vaporize water within the biomass, thereby producing a distillate; and d. collecting the distillate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time sufficient to heat the biomass to a temperature to vaporize water is controlled by the first velocity of the conveyer belt, the length of the conveyer belt, the first intensity of the microwave energy, the length of the vessel, the temperature within the vessel, or any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant biomass is introduced into the vessel at a rate of at least 4 Kg of plant biomass per hour. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first intensity of the microwave energy is from 100 to 3000 Watts. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the inside of the vessel is from 40 to 100 degrees Celsius. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected distillate comprises from 200 to 3000 ppm essential oils. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected distillate is further processed to obtain the essential oils. 8. An essential oil extracted from at least one plant of the Jasminium species, wherein the essential oil comprises at least 7% w/w (z)-jasmone. 9. The essential oil of claim 8, wherein the essential oil comprises from 7 to 12% w/w (z)-jasmone. 10. The essential oil of claim 8, wherein the at least one plant of the Jasminium species is selected from the group consisting of Jasminium grandiflorum and Jasminium sambac. 11. The essential oil of claim 8, wherein the essential oil further comprises at least 5% w/w (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol. 12. The essential oil of claim 8, further comprising from 12 to 17% w/w (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol. 13. The essential oil of claim 8, further comprising at least 20% w/w benzyl acetate. 14. The essential oil of claim 8, further comprising from 3 to 7% w/w benzyl benzoate. 15. An essential oil extracted from Piper nigrum, wherein the essential oil comprises at least 7% w/w sabinine. 16. The essential oil of claim 15, wherein the essential oil comprises from 9 to 15% w/w sabinine. 17. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising from 12 to 16% w/w β-pinene. 18. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising from 20 to 30% w/w limonene. 19. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising from 7 to 12% w/w beta-caryophyllene. 20. The essential oil of claim 15, further comprising less than 3% w/w piperine. 21. An essential oil extracted from ginger root, wherein the essential oil comprises at least 13% w/w eucalyptol. 22. The essential oil of claim 21, wherein the essential oil comprises from 13 to 15% w/w eucalyptol. 23. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising from 2 to 6% w/w 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. 24. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising from 19 to 25% w/w neral. 25. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising from 26 to 29% w/w geranial. 26. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising greater than 0.1% w/w 2-heptanone. 27. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising greater than 0.2% w/w nerol. 28. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising less than 1% w/w geraniol. 29. The essential oil of claim 21, further comprising less than 18.5% w/w zingiberene. 30. An extract from pears, wherein the extract comprises at least 0.1% w/w hexyl acetate. 31. The extract of claim 30, wherein the extract comprises from 0.1 to 6% w/w hexyl acetate. 32. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 3 to 15% w/w acetol. 33. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 2 to 8% w/w acetic acid. 34. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.5 to 2% w/w furfural. 35. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.5 to 2% w/w furfural alcohol. 36. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.2 to 2% w/w 2-methylbutyric acid. 37. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 6 to 46% w/w 1,3-dihydroxyacetone. 38. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.2 to 7% w/w 1,3-octanediol. 39. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 0.5 to 4% w/w 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrolmaltol. 40. The extract of claim 30, further comprising from 1 to 4% w/w 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. 41. An extract from roasted coffee beans, wherein the extract comprises at least 2% w/w coffee furanone. 42. The extract of claim 41, wherein the extract comprises from 2 to 2.5% w/w coffee furanone. 43. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 3 to 4% w/w 2-methyl pyrazine. 44. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 0.5 to 2% w/w acetylmethyl carbinol. 45. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 0.5 to 8% w/w acetol. 46. The extract of claim 41, further comprising from 35 to 45% w/w furfuryl alcohol. 47. The extract of claim 41, further comprising 0.2% w/w 2-cyclopentenone. 48. A perfumed article comprising the essential oil of any one of claim 8, 15, or 21, or an extract of any one of claim 30 or 41, wherein the perfumed article is selected from the group consisting of: an aromatic water, a perfume, a cologne, a bath gel, a shower gel, a shampoo, a hair care product, a cosmetic preparation, a deodorant, an air freshener, a detergent, a fabric softener, and a household cleaner. 49. An extract, wherein the extract is obtained by a method of any one of claims 1 to 7. | 2,800 |
342,896 | 16,642,639 | 2,828 | A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery, wherein the surface of the present core particles composed of a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure containing Li, M element, where M includes at least one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O, and wherein the D50 is 0.5 to 11 μm, the value of (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100 is 0 to 25%, the value of (|mode diameter−D10|/mode diameter)×100) is 20 to 58%, and the value of average primary particle diameter/D50 is 0.01 to 0.99. | 1. A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery,
wherein a surface of present core particles composed of a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure containing Li, M element, where M comprises at least one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O; wherein, with regard to a D50, a mode diameter, and a D10 according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method, the D50 is 0.5 to 11 μm, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D50 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 0 to 25%, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D10 relative to the mode diameter (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 20 to 58%; and wherein a ratio, average primary particle, diameter/D50, of an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), relative to the D50 is 0.01 to 0.99. 2. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a molar ratio, Li/A, of Li relative to the A element in the positive electrode active substance surface, as obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 0.5 to 33.3. 3. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium metal composite oxide is represented by a general formula Li1+xM1−xO2, where M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements present between Group 3 elements and Group 11 elements in the periodic table and representative metal elements from the first period to the third period in the periodic table; and −0.05≤x≤0.09. 4. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the M in the general formula represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements of the group consisting of P, V, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, In, Cu, Zn, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Ta, and Re. 5. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the M in the general formula comprises Mn, Co, and Ni; and a content molar ratio of Mn:Co:Ni is 0.01 to 0.45:0.01 to 0.40:0.30 to 0.95. 6. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 7. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a crystallite size of the positive electrode active substance is 80 to 490 nm. 8. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio crystallite size/average primary particle diameter of the crystallite size of the positive electrode active substance relative to an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), is 0.01 to 0.41. 9. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 10. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average primary particle diameter which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) is 0.1 to 5.0 μm. 11. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a Dmin in a result of measuring a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.1 to 6.0 μm. 12. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured by a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a value of a strain obtained by Rietveld analysis is 0.00 to 0.35. 13. An all solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1. 14. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the lithium metal composite oxide is represented by a general formula Li1+xM1−xO2, where M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements present between Group 3 elements and Group 11 elements in the periodic table and representative metal elements from the first period to the third period in the periodic table; and −0.05≤x≤0.09. 15. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the M in the general formula represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements of the group consisting of P, V, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, In, Cu, Zn, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Ta, and Re. 16. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the M in the general formula comprises Mn, Co, and Ni; and a content molar ratio of Mn:Co:Ni is 0.01 to 0.45:0.01 to 0.40:0.30 to 0.95. 17. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 18. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 19. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 20. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 5, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. | A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery, wherein the surface of the present core particles composed of a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure containing Li, M element, where M includes at least one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O, and wherein the D50 is 0.5 to 11 μm, the value of (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100 is 0 to 25%, the value of (|mode diameter−D10|/mode diameter)×100) is 20 to 58%, and the value of average primary particle diameter/D50 is 0.01 to 0.99.1. A positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery,
wherein a surface of present core particles composed of a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure containing Li, M element, where M comprises at least one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and O is coated with an amorphous compound containing Li, A, where A represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, and Al, and O; wherein, with regard to a D50, a mode diameter, and a D10 according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method, the D50 is 0.5 to 11 μm, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D50 relative to the mode diameter, (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 0 to 25%, a percentage of a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the mode diameter and the D10 relative to the mode diameter (|mode diameter−D50|/mode diameter)×100, is 20 to 58%; and wherein a ratio, average primary particle, diameter/D50, of an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), relative to the D50 is 0.01 to 0.99. 2. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a molar ratio, Li/A, of Li relative to the A element in the positive electrode active substance surface, as obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 0.5 to 33.3. 3. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium metal composite oxide is represented by a general formula Li1+xM1−xO2, where M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements present between Group 3 elements and Group 11 elements in the periodic table and representative metal elements from the first period to the third period in the periodic table; and −0.05≤x≤0.09. 4. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the M in the general formula represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements of the group consisting of P, V, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, In, Cu, Zn, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Ta, and Re. 5. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the M in the general formula comprises Mn, Co, and Ni; and a content molar ratio of Mn:Co:Ni is 0.01 to 0.45:0.01 to 0.40:0.30 to 0.95. 6. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 7. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a crystallite size of the positive electrode active substance is 80 to 490 nm. 8. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio crystallite size/average primary particle diameter of the crystallite size of the positive electrode active substance relative to an average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active substance, which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM), is 0.01 to 0.41. 9. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the mode diameter according to a measurement of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.4 to 11 μm. 10. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average primary particle diameter which is calculated from a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) image obtained by a scanning-type electron microscope (SEM) is 0.1 to 5.0 μm. 11. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a Dmin in a result of measuring a volume-based particle size distribution obtained via measurements by a laser diffraction scattering-type particle size distribution measurement method is 0.1 to 6.0 μm. 12. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured by a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a value of a strain obtained by Rietveld analysis is 0.00 to 0.35. 13. An all solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 1. 14. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the lithium metal composite oxide is represented by a general formula Li1+xM1−xO2, where M represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements present between Group 3 elements and Group 11 elements in the periodic table and representative metal elements from the first period to the third period in the periodic table; and −0.05≤x≤0.09. 15. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the M in the general formula represents one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or comprises one element or a combination of two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, and one element or a combination of two or more elements of the group consisting of P, V, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, In, Cu, Zn, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Ta, and Re. 16. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the M in the general formula comprises Mn, Co, and Ni; and a content molar ratio of Mn:Co:Ni is 0.01 to 0.45:0.01 to 0.40:0.30 to 0.95. 17. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 18. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 19. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. 20. The positive electrode active substance for an all solid-state lithium secondary battery according to claim 5, wherein primary particles of the present core particles are composed of a polycrystal. | 2,800 |
342,897 | 16,642,637 | 2,828 | Provided are a display control method and apparatus, a display apparatus, a storage medium, and a computer device. The display control method includes: detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture, wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. The present disclosure solves or improves various display defects caused by local or overall changes in the common voltage value by changing the output mode of data lines. | 1. A display control method, comprising:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling the plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, and the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. 2. The display control method according to claim 1, wherein in the first mode, the plurality of data lines is divided into a plurality of second data line groups arranged in sequence, each of the second data line groups comprises y data lines, the y data lines in each of the second data line groups provide data signals of the same polarity in a same display frame, data lines in adjacent second data line groups provide data signals of opposite polarities in a same display frame, and among the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in at least two of the second data line groups are different, where y is a non-zero natural number. 3. The display control method according to claim 2, wherein, in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in the plurality of second data line groups meet the following rule:
a (5×q+1)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines; a (5×q+2)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+3)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+4)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; and a (5×q+5)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, where q is a natural number, and m is a positive integer. 4. The display control method according to claim 2, wherein in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, a first second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, and other second data line groups each comprise 8×m data lines, the other second data line groups being data line groups, except the first second data line group, among the plurality of second data line groups, where m is a positive integer. 5. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the second mode, the plurality of data lines is divided into a plurality of first data line groups arranged in sequence, each of the first data line groups comprises x data lines, the x data lines in each of the first data line groups provide data signals of the same polarity in a same display frame, data lines in adjacent data line groups provide data signals of opposite polarities in a same display frame, and numbers of data lines in the plurality of first data line groups are the same, where x is a non-zero natural number. 6. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the second mode and the first mode, polarities of data signals provided by the same data line to display frames adjacent in timing sequence are opposite. 7. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reference picture comprises a characteristic region, the characteristic region comprises a plurality of image pixels in an array, the plurality of image pixels is divided into a first image pixel group and a second image pixel group next to each other, grayscale values of image pixels in the first image pixel group are all greater than or equal to a first grayscale value, grayscale values of image pixels in the second image pixel group are all less than or equal to a second grayscale value, and the first grayscale value is greater than the second grayscale value; and
the first image pixel group and the second image pixel group each comprise image pixels presented by sub-pixels provided with image signals by the same data line. 8. The display control method according to claim 7, wherein, when the display apparatus has a single-gate structure, the characteristic region comprises image pixels presented by sub-pixels in a first sub-pixel group and a second sub-pixel group in an nth row of sub-pixels and an (n+1)th row of sub-pixels, the first sub-pixel group comprises 2x+1 columns of sub-pixels, the second sub-pixel group comprises 2x+1 columns of sub-pixels, the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the first sub-pixel group form the first image pixel group, and the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the second sub-pixel group form the second image pixel group, where x is a natural number. 9. The display control method according to claim 7, wherein, when the display apparatus has a double-gate structure, the characteristic region comprises image pixels presented by sub-pixels in a first sub-pixel group and a second sub-pixel group in an nth row of sub-pixels and an (n+1)th row of sub-pixels, the first sub-pixel group comprises 4x+2 columns of sub-pixels, the second sub-pixel group comprises 4x+2 columns of sub-pixels, the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the first sub-pixel group form the first image pixel group, and the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the second sub-pixel group form the second image pixel group, where x is a natural number. 10. The display control method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the reference picture comprises a plurality of characteristic regions in an array. 11. The display control method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the second grayscale value is 0. 12. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising: receiving a user instruction, and determining a picture indicated by the user instruction as the reference picture. 13. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising: controlling the plurality of data lines to output data signals in the second mode in response to detection that the picture frame to be output does not comprise the reference picture. 14. A display control apparatus, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. 15. The display control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein in the first mode, the plurality of data lines is divided into a plurality of second data line groups arranged in sequence, each of the second data line groups comprises y data lines, the y data lines in each of the second data line groups provide data signals of the same polarity in a same display frame, data lines in adjacent second data line groups provide data signals of opposite polarities in a same display frame, and among the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in at least two of the second data line groups are different, where y is a non-zero natural number. 16. The display control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in the plurality of second data line groups meet the following rule:
a (5×q+1)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines; a (5×q+2)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+3)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+4)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; and a (5×q+5)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, where q is a natural number, and m is a positive integer. 17. The display control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, a first second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, and other second data line groups each comprise 8×m data lines, the other second data line groups being data line groups, except the first second data line group, among the plurality of second data line groups, where m is a positive integer. 18. The display control apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement:
in the second mode and the first mode, controlling polarities of data signals provided by the same data line to display frames adjacent in timing sequence to be opposite. 19. A display apparatus, comprising: a display panel and a display control apparatus, wherein the display control apparatus is configured to control a data line to output a data signal to the display panel to perform image display, and the display control apparatus comprises: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in the display apparatus. 20. The display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the display panel comprises: a plurality of data lines sequentially arranged in a first direction and a plurality of gate lines sequentially arranged in a second direction, the plurality of data lines and the plurality of gate lines intersect to form a plurality of sub-pixels in an array, each of the data lines alternately provides data signals to sub-pixels on two sides thereof, and sub-pixels provided with data signals by each of the data lines are arranged in a zigzag pattern. 21. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored therein a computer program, wherein the computer-readable storage medium runs on a computer to enable the computer to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. 22. A computer device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. | Provided are a display control method and apparatus, a display apparatus, a storage medium, and a computer device. The display control method includes: detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture, wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. The present disclosure solves or improves various display defects caused by local or overall changes in the common voltage value by changing the output mode of data lines.1. A display control method, comprising:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling the plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, and the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. 2. The display control method according to claim 1, wherein in the first mode, the plurality of data lines is divided into a plurality of second data line groups arranged in sequence, each of the second data line groups comprises y data lines, the y data lines in each of the second data line groups provide data signals of the same polarity in a same display frame, data lines in adjacent second data line groups provide data signals of opposite polarities in a same display frame, and among the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in at least two of the second data line groups are different, where y is a non-zero natural number. 3. The display control method according to claim 2, wherein, in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in the plurality of second data line groups meet the following rule:
a (5×q+1)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines; a (5×q+2)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+3)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+4)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; and a (5×q+5)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, where q is a natural number, and m is a positive integer. 4. The display control method according to claim 2, wherein in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, a first second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, and other second data line groups each comprise 8×m data lines, the other second data line groups being data line groups, except the first second data line group, among the plurality of second data line groups, where m is a positive integer. 5. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the second mode, the plurality of data lines is divided into a plurality of first data line groups arranged in sequence, each of the first data line groups comprises x data lines, the x data lines in each of the first data line groups provide data signals of the same polarity in a same display frame, data lines in adjacent data line groups provide data signals of opposite polarities in a same display frame, and numbers of data lines in the plurality of first data line groups are the same, where x is a non-zero natural number. 6. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the second mode and the first mode, polarities of data signals provided by the same data line to display frames adjacent in timing sequence are opposite. 7. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reference picture comprises a characteristic region, the characteristic region comprises a plurality of image pixels in an array, the plurality of image pixels is divided into a first image pixel group and a second image pixel group next to each other, grayscale values of image pixels in the first image pixel group are all greater than or equal to a first grayscale value, grayscale values of image pixels in the second image pixel group are all less than or equal to a second grayscale value, and the first grayscale value is greater than the second grayscale value; and
the first image pixel group and the second image pixel group each comprise image pixels presented by sub-pixels provided with image signals by the same data line. 8. The display control method according to claim 7, wherein, when the display apparatus has a single-gate structure, the characteristic region comprises image pixels presented by sub-pixels in a first sub-pixel group and a second sub-pixel group in an nth row of sub-pixels and an (n+1)th row of sub-pixels, the first sub-pixel group comprises 2x+1 columns of sub-pixels, the second sub-pixel group comprises 2x+1 columns of sub-pixels, the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the first sub-pixel group form the first image pixel group, and the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the second sub-pixel group form the second image pixel group, where x is a natural number. 9. The display control method according to claim 7, wherein, when the display apparatus has a double-gate structure, the characteristic region comprises image pixels presented by sub-pixels in a first sub-pixel group and a second sub-pixel group in an nth row of sub-pixels and an (n+1)th row of sub-pixels, the first sub-pixel group comprises 4x+2 columns of sub-pixels, the second sub-pixel group comprises 4x+2 columns of sub-pixels, the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the first sub-pixel group form the first image pixel group, and the image pixels presented by the sub-pixels in the second sub-pixel group form the second image pixel group, where x is a natural number. 10. The display control method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the reference picture comprises a plurality of characteristic regions in an array. 11. The display control method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the second grayscale value is 0. 12. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising: receiving a user instruction, and determining a picture indicated by the user instruction as the reference picture. 13. The display control method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising: controlling the plurality of data lines to output data signals in the second mode in response to detection that the picture frame to be output does not comprise the reference picture. 14. A display control apparatus, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. 15. The display control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein in the first mode, the plurality of data lines is divided into a plurality of second data line groups arranged in sequence, each of the second data line groups comprises y data lines, the y data lines in each of the second data line groups provide data signals of the same polarity in a same display frame, data lines in adjacent second data line groups provide data signals of opposite polarities in a same display frame, and among the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in at least two of the second data line groups are different, where y is a non-zero natural number. 16. The display control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, numbers of data lines in the plurality of second data line groups meet the following rule:
a (5×q+1)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines; a (5×q+2)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+3)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; a (5×q+4)th second data line group comprises 2×m data lines; and a (5×q+5)th second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, where q is a natural number, and m is a positive integer. 17. The display control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in the first mode, according to an arrangement order of the plurality of second data line groups, a first second data line group comprises 1×m data lines, and other second data line groups each comprise 8×m data lines, the other second data line groups being data line groups, except the first second data line group, among the plurality of second data line groups, where m is a positive integer. 18. The display control apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement:
in the second mode and the first mode, controlling polarities of data signals provided by the same data line to display frames adjacent in timing sequence to be opposite. 19. A display apparatus, comprising: a display panel and a display control apparatus, wherein the display control apparatus is configured to control a data line to output a data signal to the display panel to perform image display, and the display control apparatus comprises: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in the display apparatus. 20. The display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the display panel comprises: a plurality of data lines sequentially arranged in a first direction and a plurality of gate lines sequentially arranged in a second direction, the plurality of data lines and the plurality of gate lines intersect to form a plurality of sub-pixels in an array, each of the data lines alternately provides data signals to sub-pixels on two sides thereof, and sub-pixels provided with data signals by each of the data lines are arranged in a zigzag pattern. 21. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored therein a computer program, wherein the computer-readable storage medium runs on a computer to enable the computer to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. 22. A computer device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement:
detecting a picture frame to be output; and controlling a plurality of data lines to output, in a first mode, data signals for displaying the picture frame to be output in response to detection that the picture frame to be output comprises a reference picture; wherein a signal polarity sequence in the first mode is different from a signal polarity sequence in a second mode, the second mode is an output mode of the plurality of data lines when the picture frame to be output does not comprise a reference picture, the signal polarity sequence is a sequence of polarities of data signals provided by all of the plurality of data lines according to an arrangement order of the plurality of data lines in a display apparatus. | 2,800 |
342,898 | 16,642,627 | 2,828 | A method of treating a neurological disorder comprising administering a leptin peptide fragment comprising amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin is disclosed. The leptin peptide fragment preferably comprises up to 30 amino acids, and/or wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin, for example the sequence X1CX2LPX3X4 wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14) or the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). The neurological disorder can include those which would benefit from treatment through cognitive enhancement and/or neuroprotection, such as age-associated memory impairment or loss, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease, and can include Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, alcoholic dementia, (DLB) dementia with Lewy bodies, Picks' disease, thalamic dementia, hippocampal sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, subacute aterioscleroitic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease), amyloid angiopathy, vasculitis, prion diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. The invention also includes a pharmaceutical formulation for this method, which can include the peptide in the form of a cyclic peptide or a peptide conjugate. | 1.-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating a neurological disorder comprising administering to a subject in need, a leptin peptide fragment comprising at least 4 consecutive amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin. 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises up to 30 amino acids. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide comprises the sequence:
X1CX2LPX3X4 wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14). 39. The method according to claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide comprises amino acids selected from the group consisting of 116-121 of leptin, 117-122 of leptin, 117-125 of leptin, 118-123 of leptin, 119-124 of leptin, 120-125 of leptin, and 116-130 of leptin. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises a sequence derived from human leptin. 41. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment has the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). 42. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises 1, 2, or 3 deletions, modifications, substitutions and/or additions to the amino acid sequence. 43. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is in the form of a cyclic peptide. 44. The method of claim 35, wherein the peptide is in the form of a peptide conjugate, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is conjugated to another peptide, or non-peptide molecule. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the other peptide or non-peptide molecule is a biologically or pharmaceutically active agent. 46. The method of claim 35, wherein the neurological disorder is a disorder which would benefit from treatment through cognitive enhancement and/or neuroprotection. 47. The method of claim 35, wherein the neurological disorder is selected from the group consisting of age-associated memory impairment or loss, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. 48. The method of claim 35, wherein the neurological disorder is selected from the group consisting of Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, Picks disease, corticobasal degeneration, alcoholic dementia, (DLB) dementia with Lewy bodies, Picks' disease, thalamic dementia, hippocampal sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, subacute aterioscleroitic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease), amyloid angiopathy, vasculitis, prion diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. 49. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a leptin peptide fragment comprising at least 4 consecutive amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin. 50. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises up to 30 amino acids. 51. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin. 52. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49 comprising the sequence:
X1CX2LPX3X4
wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14). 53. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises amino acids selected from the group consisting of 116-121 of leptin, 117-122 of leptin, 117-125 of leptin, 118-123 of leptin, 119-124 of leptin, 120-125 of leptin, and 116-130 of leptin. 54. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide sequence is derived from human leptin. 55. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the 116-125 region of leptin has the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). 56. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, comprising 1, 2, or 3 deletions, modifications, substitutions and/or additions to the amino acid sequence. 57. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is in the form of a cyclic peptide. 58. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the peptide is in the form of a peptide conjugate, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is conjugated to another peptide, or non-peptide molecule. 59. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 58, wherein the other peptide or non-peptide molecule is a biologically or pharmaceutically active agent. 60. A cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate comprising a leptin peptide fragment comprising at least 4 consecutive amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin. 61. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises up to 30 amino acids. 62. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin. 63. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, comprising the sequence:
X1CX2LPX3X4 wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14). 64. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises amino acids selected from the group consisting of 116-121 of leptin, 117-122 of leptin, 117-125 of leptin, 118-123 of leptin, 119-124 of leptin, 120-125 of leptin, and 116-130 of leptin. 65. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claims 60, wherein the leptin peptide sequence is derived from human leptin. 66. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the 116-125 region of leptin has the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). 67. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claims 60, comprising 1, 2, or 3 deletions, modifications, substitutions and/or additions to the amino acid sequence. | A method of treating a neurological disorder comprising administering a leptin peptide fragment comprising amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin is disclosed. The leptin peptide fragment preferably comprises up to 30 amino acids, and/or wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin, for example the sequence X1CX2LPX3X4 wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14) or the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). The neurological disorder can include those which would benefit from treatment through cognitive enhancement and/or neuroprotection, such as age-associated memory impairment or loss, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease, and can include Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, alcoholic dementia, (DLB) dementia with Lewy bodies, Picks' disease, thalamic dementia, hippocampal sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, subacute aterioscleroitic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease), amyloid angiopathy, vasculitis, prion diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. The invention also includes a pharmaceutical formulation for this method, which can include the peptide in the form of a cyclic peptide or a peptide conjugate.1.-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating a neurological disorder comprising administering to a subject in need, a leptin peptide fragment comprising at least 4 consecutive amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin. 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises up to 30 amino acids. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide comprises the sequence:
X1CX2LPX3X4 wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14). 39. The method according to claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide comprises amino acids selected from the group consisting of 116-121 of leptin, 117-122 of leptin, 117-125 of leptin, 118-123 of leptin, 119-124 of leptin, 120-125 of leptin, and 116-130 of leptin. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises a sequence derived from human leptin. 41. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment has the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). 42. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises 1, 2, or 3 deletions, modifications, substitutions and/or additions to the amino acid sequence. 43. The method of claim 35, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is in the form of a cyclic peptide. 44. The method of claim 35, wherein the peptide is in the form of a peptide conjugate, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is conjugated to another peptide, or non-peptide molecule. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the other peptide or non-peptide molecule is a biologically or pharmaceutically active agent. 46. The method of claim 35, wherein the neurological disorder is a disorder which would benefit from treatment through cognitive enhancement and/or neuroprotection. 47. The method of claim 35, wherein the neurological disorder is selected from the group consisting of age-associated memory impairment or loss, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. 48. The method of claim 35, wherein the neurological disorder is selected from the group consisting of Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, Picks disease, corticobasal degeneration, alcoholic dementia, (DLB) dementia with Lewy bodies, Picks' disease, thalamic dementia, hippocampal sclerosis, Hallervorden-Spatz, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, subacute aterioscleroitic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease), amyloid angiopathy, vasculitis, prion diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. 49. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a leptin peptide fragment comprising at least 4 consecutive amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin. 50. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises up to 30 amino acids. 51. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin. 52. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49 comprising the sequence:
X1CX2LPX3X4
wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14). 53. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises amino acids selected from the group consisting of 116-121 of leptin, 117-122 of leptin, 117-125 of leptin, 118-123 of leptin, 119-124 of leptin, 120-125 of leptin, and 116-130 of leptin. 54. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide sequence is derived from human leptin. 55. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the 116-125 region of leptin has the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). 56. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, comprising 1, 2, or 3 deletions, modifications, substitutions and/or additions to the amino acid sequence. 57. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is in the form of a cyclic peptide. 58. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 49, wherein the peptide is in the form of a peptide conjugate, wherein the leptin peptide fragment is conjugated to another peptide, or non-peptide molecule. 59. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 58, wherein the other peptide or non-peptide molecule is a biologically or pharmaceutically active agent. 60. A cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate comprising a leptin peptide fragment comprising at least 4 consecutive amino acids located within the region of amino acids 116-125 of leptin. 61. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises up to 30 amino acids. 62. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises one or more amino acids located between amino acids 116-122 of leptin. 63. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, comprising the sequence:
X1CX2LPX3X4 wherein X1 is selected from G or S; X2 is selected from S, H or P; X3 is selected from Q, H, W, L, P or R and X4 is selected from T, A, or V (SEQ ID NO:14). 64. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the leptin peptide fragment comprises amino acids selected from the group consisting of 116-121 of leptin, 117-122 of leptin, 117-125 of leptin, 118-123 of leptin, 119-124 of leptin, 120-125 of leptin, and 116-130 of leptin. 65. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claims 60, wherein the leptin peptide sequence is derived from human leptin. 66. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claim 60, wherein the 116-125 region of leptin has the sequence SCHLPWASGL (SEQ ID NO:22). 67. The cyclic peptide or peptide conjugate according to claims 60, comprising 1, 2, or 3 deletions, modifications, substitutions and/or additions to the amino acid sequence. | 2,800 |
342,899 | 16,642,641 | 2,828 | Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures for acoustic wave-based separation of particulates in a fluidic flow. Illustrative systems, methods, and structures according to aspects of the present disclosure may advantageously provide for the continuous, label-free, non-invasive separation of the particulates that include—among other types—difficult-to-separate biological particulates and in particular those in blood including circulating tumor cells and micro-blood-borne particles and other subgroups of extracellular vesicles including nanoscale exosomes. | 1. A surface acoustic wave-based separation structure comprising:
a substrate having formed thereon:
an elongated channel having first and second side walls, first and second end walls, and a top, said first end wall having a fluidic inlet port and said second end wall having a pair of fluidic output ports;
at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to generate an acoustic standing wave in the channel; and
a channel resonator formed in at least a portion of the channel. 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the top of the channel overlying the channel resonator exhibits a hardness that is harder than the first and second side walls. 3. The structure of claim 2 wherein the first and second side walls comprise a soft polymeric materials. 4. The structure of claim 3 wherein the top of the channel overlying the channel resonator comprises a hard material selected from the group consisting of glass, and silicon oxide 5. The structure of claim 4 wherein the first end wall further comprises first and second fluidic sheath ports, the first one positioned at one side of the fluidic inlet port and the second one positioned at the other side of the fluidic inlet port. 6. The structure of claim 5 further comprising a divider structure, positioned between the fluidic inlet port and one of the fluidic sheath ports, said divider structure extending from the first end wall into the channel. 7. The structure of claim 6 wherein said divider structure is configured to produce two additional boundary layers in a fluidic domain flowing in the channel. 8. The structure of claim 7 wherein the divider structure is configured such that particles carried in a fluid input to the fluidic inlet port and conveyed along a length of the channel experience a decrease in velocity in a region of the channel proximate to the divider. 9. The structure of claim 8 wherein the particles in the fluid input to the fluidic inlet port experience a decrease in velocity in a velocity shadow region of the channel after passing the divider. 10. The structure of claim 1 wherein the at least one acoustic transducer is configured to produce tilted angle standing surface acoustic waves (taSSAW) that produce pressure nodes within the channel that are not parallel to the first and second side walls. 10. An acoustofluidic separation device comprising:
a substrate having formed thereon:
an elongated channel disposed thereon, said channel including an inlet at one end, an output at an opposite end, and a waste inlet/outlet at a location intermediate to the inlet and outlet;
a cell removal unit positioned between the inlet and the waste inlet/outlet;
an exosome isolation unit positioned between the waste inlet/outlet and the output; 11. The separation device of claim 10 wherein the cell removal unit further comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to generate an acoustic standing wave in a portion of the channel intermediate to the inlet and the waste inlet/outlet. 12. The separation device of claim 11 wherein the cell removal unit further comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to generate an acoustic standing wave in a portion of the channel intermediate to the waste inlet/outlet and the outlet. 13. The separation device of claim 12 further comprising a pair of sheath flow inlets positioned one on either side of the inlet. 14. The separation device of claim 13 further comprising a second outlet positioned at the end of the channel adjacent to the outlet. 15. The separation device of claim 14 wherein the ultrasonic transducers are configured to generate tilted angle standing surface acoustic waves (taSSAW) that produce pressure nodes within the channel. 16. The separation device of claim 15 wherein one of the outlet ports at the end of the channel is a waste port. 17. A method of separating an entity in a flow medium comprising:
introducing the entity in the flow medium into an elongated channel structure; flowing the entity in the flow medium inside the elongated channel structure; passing an acoustic wave through at least a portion of the elongated channel structure having a resonator, said resonator having a surface exhibiting a hardness greater than channel sidewalls; collecting the entity in the flow medium from at least two outlets, wherein the entity portion collected from one outlet has a concentration in the flow medium which is different from the entity portion collected from the second outlet. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
flowing the entity in the flow medium along a divider structure positioned in the channel, said divider structure configured to slow the flow of the entity adjacent to the divider. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the entity comprises circulating tumor cells. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the acoustic wave is a tilted angle standing surface acoustic wave (taSSAW) that produces pressure nodes within the channel that are not parallel to side walls. | Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures for acoustic wave-based separation of particulates in a fluidic flow. Illustrative systems, methods, and structures according to aspects of the present disclosure may advantageously provide for the continuous, label-free, non-invasive separation of the particulates that include—among other types—difficult-to-separate biological particulates and in particular those in blood including circulating tumor cells and micro-blood-borne particles and other subgroups of extracellular vesicles including nanoscale exosomes.1. A surface acoustic wave-based separation structure comprising:
a substrate having formed thereon:
an elongated channel having first and second side walls, first and second end walls, and a top, said first end wall having a fluidic inlet port and said second end wall having a pair of fluidic output ports;
at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to generate an acoustic standing wave in the channel; and
a channel resonator formed in at least a portion of the channel. 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the top of the channel overlying the channel resonator exhibits a hardness that is harder than the first and second side walls. 3. The structure of claim 2 wherein the first and second side walls comprise a soft polymeric materials. 4. The structure of claim 3 wherein the top of the channel overlying the channel resonator comprises a hard material selected from the group consisting of glass, and silicon oxide 5. The structure of claim 4 wherein the first end wall further comprises first and second fluidic sheath ports, the first one positioned at one side of the fluidic inlet port and the second one positioned at the other side of the fluidic inlet port. 6. The structure of claim 5 further comprising a divider structure, positioned between the fluidic inlet port and one of the fluidic sheath ports, said divider structure extending from the first end wall into the channel. 7. The structure of claim 6 wherein said divider structure is configured to produce two additional boundary layers in a fluidic domain flowing in the channel. 8. The structure of claim 7 wherein the divider structure is configured such that particles carried in a fluid input to the fluidic inlet port and conveyed along a length of the channel experience a decrease in velocity in a region of the channel proximate to the divider. 9. The structure of claim 8 wherein the particles in the fluid input to the fluidic inlet port experience a decrease in velocity in a velocity shadow region of the channel after passing the divider. 10. The structure of claim 1 wherein the at least one acoustic transducer is configured to produce tilted angle standing surface acoustic waves (taSSAW) that produce pressure nodes within the channel that are not parallel to the first and second side walls. 10. An acoustofluidic separation device comprising:
a substrate having formed thereon:
an elongated channel disposed thereon, said channel including an inlet at one end, an output at an opposite end, and a waste inlet/outlet at a location intermediate to the inlet and outlet;
a cell removal unit positioned between the inlet and the waste inlet/outlet;
an exosome isolation unit positioned between the waste inlet/outlet and the output; 11. The separation device of claim 10 wherein the cell removal unit further comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to generate an acoustic standing wave in a portion of the channel intermediate to the inlet and the waste inlet/outlet. 12. The separation device of claim 11 wherein the cell removal unit further comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to generate an acoustic standing wave in a portion of the channel intermediate to the waste inlet/outlet and the outlet. 13. The separation device of claim 12 further comprising a pair of sheath flow inlets positioned one on either side of the inlet. 14. The separation device of claim 13 further comprising a second outlet positioned at the end of the channel adjacent to the outlet. 15. The separation device of claim 14 wherein the ultrasonic transducers are configured to generate tilted angle standing surface acoustic waves (taSSAW) that produce pressure nodes within the channel. 16. The separation device of claim 15 wherein one of the outlet ports at the end of the channel is a waste port. 17. A method of separating an entity in a flow medium comprising:
introducing the entity in the flow medium into an elongated channel structure; flowing the entity in the flow medium inside the elongated channel structure; passing an acoustic wave through at least a portion of the elongated channel structure having a resonator, said resonator having a surface exhibiting a hardness greater than channel sidewalls; collecting the entity in the flow medium from at least two outlets, wherein the entity portion collected from one outlet has a concentration in the flow medium which is different from the entity portion collected from the second outlet. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
flowing the entity in the flow medium along a divider structure positioned in the channel, said divider structure configured to slow the flow of the entity adjacent to the divider. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the entity comprises circulating tumor cells. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the acoustic wave is a tilted angle standing surface acoustic wave (taSSAW) that produces pressure nodes within the channel that are not parallel to side walls. | 2,800 |
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