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342,900 | 16,642,636 | 2,844 | A plasma processing apparatus, including a processing; a first radio frequency power source; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power; and a control device configured to control, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, and a supply time of the first gas such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step. | 1. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 2. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 3. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the first gas such that the supply time of the first gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the first step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the first time from the second time. 4. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 5. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 6. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the second gas such that the supply time of the second gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the second step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the second time from the first time. 7. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 8. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 9. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 10. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 11. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the first gas such that the supply time of the first gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the first step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the first time from the second time. 12. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the second gas such that the supply time of the second gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the second step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the second time from the first time. | A plasma processing apparatus, including a processing; a first radio frequency power source; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power; and a control device configured to control, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, and a supply time of the first gas such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step.1. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 2. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 3. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the first gas such that the supply time of the first gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the first step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the first time from the second time. 4. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 5. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage; and a control device configured to control, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 6. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the second gas such that the supply time of the second gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the second step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the second time from the first time. 7. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 8. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the first gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the first step is substantially equal to a time of the first step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 9. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the first radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the first radio frequency power is changed from a value of the first radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the first radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the first radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 10. A plasma processing method in which a plasma processing apparatus is used,
the plasma processing apparatus including: a processing chamber in which a sample is subjected to plasma processing; a first radio frequency power source configured to supply a first radio frequency power for generating a plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a second radio frequency power source configured to supply a second radio frequency power to the sample stage, the plasma processing method comprising: controlling, when the second radio frequency power source is controlled based on a change in a plasma impedance, which is generated when a first gas that is a gas for a first step is switched to a second gas that is a gas for a second step, such that the second radio frequency power is changed from a value of the second radio frequency power in the first step to a value of the second radio frequency power in the second step, a supply time of the second gas by using a first time and a second time such that a supply time of the second radio frequency power in the second step is substantially equal to a time of the second step, wherein the first step and the second step are steps of plasma processing conditions, the first time is a time period from a start time of the first step to a start time of a supply of the first gas, and the second time is a time period from a finish time of the first step to a finish time of the supply of the first gas. 11. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the first gas such that the supply time of the first gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the first step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the first time from the second time. 12. The plasma processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the control device controls the supply time of the second gas such that the supply time of the second gas is a time obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the time of the second step, and the predetermined value is a value obtained by subtracting the second time from the first time. | 2,800 |
342,901 | 16,642,642 | 2,844 | This invention relates to the treatment of macular edema. Macular edema is the main cause of vision loss during diabetic macular edema, wet AMD (Age Related Macular Degeneration), retinal vein occlusion and chronic intraocular inflammation. Currently, beyond photocoagulation by laser irradiation, two types of drugs are used, protein molecules that neutralize VEGF family members and glucocorticoids, with different mechanisms of action, but targeting one single symptom: macular edema. The inventors have now found that macular edema may be treated by increasing the oncotic pressure of the vitreous. According to the inventors' understanding, causing an increase in the oncotic pressure of the vitreous induces a liquid flow from the interstitial water accumulated in the retina tissue to the vitreous compartment, so as to reduce or stop macular edema. Increasing the oncotic pressure of the vitreous is preferably performed by intravitreal injection of an oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule, which macromolecule may be selected in a group comprising protein or non-protein macromolecules, such as albumin, gelatin, alpha2 macroglobulin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin multimers, beta lipoproteins and antibodies, as well as dextran and hydroxyethyl starch. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for treating macular edema comprising a step of administering by intravitreous injection, to an individual in need thereof, an oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule which does not recognize VEGF. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule is a protein macromolecule or a non-protein macromolecule. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule has a molecular weight (Mw) of 30 kDa or more. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the protein macromolecule is selected from the group consisting of albumin, gelatin, alpha2 macroglobulin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin multimers, beta lipoproteins and antibodies or antibody fragments that do not bind to a human protein. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the protein macromolecule is albumin in a 1%-25% w/w albumin aqueous composition. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the protein macromolecule is gelatin in a 2%-10% w/w gelatin composition. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the non-protein macromolecule is dextran or hydroxyethyl starch. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the non-protein macromolecule is hydroxyethyl starch in a 1%-15% w/w hydroxyethyl starch composition. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the non-protein macromolecule is dextran in a 3%-20% w/w dextran composition. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-containing macromolecule is in a composition adapted for dosage units having a volume ranging from 10 μl to 500 μl. 24. The method according to claim 14, for treating a macular edema disorder selected from the group consisting of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinal vein occlusion, retinoschisis, retinis pigmentosa and pseudophakic macular edema. 25. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule is in a composition which further comprises one or more anti-inflammatory agents. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the one or more anti-inflammatory agents is a corticosteroid. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the corticosteroid is selected from the group consisting of dexamethasone, fluocinolone acetonide, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. | This invention relates to the treatment of macular edema. Macular edema is the main cause of vision loss during diabetic macular edema, wet AMD (Age Related Macular Degeneration), retinal vein occlusion and chronic intraocular inflammation. Currently, beyond photocoagulation by laser irradiation, two types of drugs are used, protein molecules that neutralize VEGF family members and glucocorticoids, with different mechanisms of action, but targeting one single symptom: macular edema. The inventors have now found that macular edema may be treated by increasing the oncotic pressure of the vitreous. According to the inventors' understanding, causing an increase in the oncotic pressure of the vitreous induces a liquid flow from the interstitial water accumulated in the retina tissue to the vitreous compartment, so as to reduce or stop macular edema. Increasing the oncotic pressure of the vitreous is preferably performed by intravitreal injection of an oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule, which macromolecule may be selected in a group comprising protein or non-protein macromolecules, such as albumin, gelatin, alpha2 macroglobulin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin multimers, beta lipoproteins and antibodies, as well as dextran and hydroxyethyl starch.1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for treating macular edema comprising a step of administering by intravitreous injection, to an individual in need thereof, an oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule which does not recognize VEGF. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule is a protein macromolecule or a non-protein macromolecule. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule has a molecular weight (Mw) of 30 kDa or more. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the protein macromolecule is selected from the group consisting of albumin, gelatin, alpha2 macroglobulin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin multimers, beta lipoproteins and antibodies or antibody fragments that do not bind to a human protein. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the protein macromolecule is albumin in a 1%-25% w/w albumin aqueous composition. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the protein macromolecule is gelatin in a 2%-10% w/w gelatin composition. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the non-protein macromolecule is dextran or hydroxyethyl starch. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the non-protein macromolecule is hydroxyethyl starch in a 1%-15% w/w hydroxyethyl starch composition. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the non-protein macromolecule is dextran in a 3%-20% w/w dextran composition. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-containing macromolecule is in a composition adapted for dosage units having a volume ranging from 10 μl to 500 μl. 24. The method according to claim 14, for treating a macular edema disorder selected from the group consisting of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinal vein occlusion, retinoschisis, retinis pigmentosa and pseudophakic macular edema. 25. The method according to claim 14, wherein the oncotic pressure-increasing macromolecule is in a composition which further comprises one or more anti-inflammatory agents. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the one or more anti-inflammatory agents is a corticosteroid. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the corticosteroid is selected from the group consisting of dexamethasone, fluocinolone acetonide, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. | 2,800 |
342,902 | 16,642,625 | 2,844 | A method and a device for detecting collisions for a vehicle. In this context, an at least three-stage method is described. A first collision check, a second collision check, and a third collision check are performed. Surface areas are considered. step-by-step along a section of a traectory of the vehicle. In the individual steps, the surface areas in the individual steps being approximated to the actual swath of the vehicle. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for detecting collisions for a vehicle, comprising the following steps:
executing a first collision check, the first collision check including checking whether an object from a surrounding area of the vehicle resides within an enveloping surface, the enveloping surface extending along a section of a trajectory of vehicle, the enveloping surface having a defined first geometric shape such that the vehicle remains within the enveloping surface when the section of the trajectory is driven on; responsive to the first collision check determining that an object from the area resides with the enveloping surface, executing a second collision check, the second collision check including examining whether an object is located in a partial surface associated with the enveloping surface, the partial surface defining a subarea of the enveloping surface and has a specified second geometric shape, which is within the enveloping surface, and each point of the partial surface being traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on; and responsive to the second collision check determining that there is no object from the surrounding area of the vehicle within the partial surface, executing a third collision check, the third collision check including checking whether an object lies on points within the enveloping surface which are traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, upon execution of the first collision check, the first geometric shape is selected as a ring segment based on the section of the trajectory describing a curve. 13. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, during execution of the first collision check, the first geometric shape is selected as a rectangle based on the section of the trajectory describing a straight line. 14. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, upon execution of the second collision check, the second geometric shape is selected as a ring segment based on the section of the trajectory describing a curve. 15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, upon execution of the second collision check, the second geometric shape is selected as a rectangle based on the section of the trajectory describing a straight line. 16. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the second collision check further includes examining whether an object is located in one of a plurality of the partial surfaces associated with the enveloping surface, each of the plurality of partial surfaces defining a subarea of the enveloping surface, respectively, and having a defined second geometric shape that is located within the enveloping surface, respectively, each point of the plurality of partial surfaces being traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on. 17. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the second geometric shape is identical for the plurality of partial surfaces, at least in terms of basic shape. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the second geometric shape is identical of the plurality of partial surfaces also in terms of dimensions. 19. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the trajectory is composed of a plurality of sections. 20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first collision check is initially performed, then the second collision check, and then the third collision check, for all of the plurality of sections until a collision is recognized in one of the second collision check or the third collision check. 21. A device for detecting collisions for a vehicle, the device configured to:
execute a first collision check, the first collision check including a check of whether an object from a surrounding area of the vehicle resides within an enveloping surface, the enveloping surface extending along a section of a trajectory of vehicle, the enveloping surface having a defined first geometric shape such that the vehicle remains within the enveloping surface when the section of the trajectory is driven on; responsive to the first collision check determining that an object from the area resides with the enveloping surface, execute a second collision check, the second collision check including an examination of whether an object is located in a partial surface associated with the enveloping surface, the partial surface defining a subarea of the enveloping surface and has a specified second geometric shape, which is within the enveloping surface, and each point of the partial surface being traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on; and responsive to the second collision check determining that there is no object from the surrounding area of the vehicle within the partial surface, execute a third collision check, the third collision check including a check of whether an object lies on points within the enveloping surface which are traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on. | A method and a device for detecting collisions for a vehicle. In this context, an at least three-stage method is described. A first collision check, a second collision check, and a third collision check are performed. Surface areas are considered. step-by-step along a section of a traectory of the vehicle. In the individual steps, the surface areas in the individual steps being approximated to the actual swath of the vehicle.1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for detecting collisions for a vehicle, comprising the following steps:
executing a first collision check, the first collision check including checking whether an object from a surrounding area of the vehicle resides within an enveloping surface, the enveloping surface extending along a section of a trajectory of vehicle, the enveloping surface having a defined first geometric shape such that the vehicle remains within the enveloping surface when the section of the trajectory is driven on; responsive to the first collision check determining that an object from the area resides with the enveloping surface, executing a second collision check, the second collision check including examining whether an object is located in a partial surface associated with the enveloping surface, the partial surface defining a subarea of the enveloping surface and has a specified second geometric shape, which is within the enveloping surface, and each point of the partial surface being traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on; and responsive to the second collision check determining that there is no object from the surrounding area of the vehicle within the partial surface, executing a third collision check, the third collision check including checking whether an object lies on points within the enveloping surface which are traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, upon execution of the first collision check, the first geometric shape is selected as a ring segment based on the section of the trajectory describing a curve. 13. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, during execution of the first collision check, the first geometric shape is selected as a rectangle based on the section of the trajectory describing a straight line. 14. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, upon execution of the second collision check, the second geometric shape is selected as a ring segment based on the section of the trajectory describing a curve. 15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein, upon execution of the second collision check, the second geometric shape is selected as a rectangle based on the section of the trajectory describing a straight line. 16. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the second collision check further includes examining whether an object is located in one of a plurality of the partial surfaces associated with the enveloping surface, each of the plurality of partial surfaces defining a subarea of the enveloping surface, respectively, and having a defined second geometric shape that is located within the enveloping surface, respectively, each point of the plurality of partial surfaces being traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on. 17. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the second geometric shape is identical for the plurality of partial surfaces, at least in terms of basic shape. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the second geometric shape is identical of the plurality of partial surfaces also in terms of dimensions. 19. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the trajectory is composed of a plurality of sections. 20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first collision check is initially performed, then the second collision check, and then the third collision check, for all of the plurality of sections until a collision is recognized in one of the second collision check or the third collision check. 21. A device for detecting collisions for a vehicle, the device configured to:
execute a first collision check, the first collision check including a check of whether an object from a surrounding area of the vehicle resides within an enveloping surface, the enveloping surface extending along a section of a trajectory of vehicle, the enveloping surface having a defined first geometric shape such that the vehicle remains within the enveloping surface when the section of the trajectory is driven on; responsive to the first collision check determining that an object from the area resides with the enveloping surface, execute a second collision check, the second collision check including an examination of whether an object is located in a partial surface associated with the enveloping surface, the partial surface defining a subarea of the enveloping surface and has a specified second geometric shape, which is within the enveloping surface, and each point of the partial surface being traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on; and responsive to the second collision check determining that there is no object from the surrounding area of the vehicle within the partial surface, execute a third collision check, the third collision check including a check of whether an object lies on points within the enveloping surface which are traversed by the vehicle when the section of the trajectory is driven on. | 2,800 |
342,903 | 16,642,591 | 2,844 | A stacked battery includes: a power generation element in which a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators are alternately stacked; an exterior member in which the power generation element is accommodated together with an electrolytic solution; and a bonding portion configured to bond an outermost layer of the power generation element and an inner side of the exterior member, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in a plan view from a stacking direction in which the electrodes and the separators are stacked, the bonding portion is located outside an effective region contributing to power generation in the power generation element and has a shape in which an outer peripheral edge of the bonding portion is continuous over an entire circumference of the bonding portion. | 1. A stacked battery, comprising:
a power generation element in which a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators are alternately stacked; an exterior member in which the power generation element is accommodated together with an electrolytic solution; and a bonding portion configured to bond an outermost layer of the power generation element and an inner side of the exterior member, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in a plan view from a stacking direction in which the electrodes and the separators are stacked, the bonding portion is located outside an effective region contributing to power generation in the power generation element and has a shape in which an outer peripheral edge of the bonding portion is continuous over an entire circumference of the bonding portion. 2. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein the exterior member has a joint portion in which peripheral edge portions of the exterior member are overlapped and joined, and
when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion has a size such that the bonding portion covers an edge portion of the outermost layer of the power generation element. 3. The stacked battery of claim 2, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion has a size such that the outer peripheral edge of the bonding portion is positioned inside the joint portion without being sandwiched by the joint portion. 4. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein the power generation element includes an insulating member disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode among the electrodes, and
when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion bonds the outermost layer of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region in which the insulating member is present. 5. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion has a frame shape. 6. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein the bonding portion includes a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 7. The stacked battery of claim 1, further comprising an additional bonding portion configured to bond the electrodes and the separators. 8. The stacked battery of claim 7, wherein the additional bonding portion is formed on at least one surface of a base material of each of the separators and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material. 9. The stacked battery of claim 7, wherein the additional bonding portion is formed on at least one surface of a base material of each of the separators and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material and a heat-resistant material. 10. A battery module including at least one stacked battery of claim 1, comprising:
a holding member configured to sandwich and hold the stacked battery from both sides in the stacking direction; a pressing part configured to apply a pressing force to the stacked battery in the stacking direction; and a module bonding portion configured to bond the stacked battery to the holding member, wherein when the stacked battery is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion bonds the outermost layer of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region in which the pressing part and the module bonding portion are present. 11. The battery module of claim 10, wherein the module bonding portion includes a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 12. The battery module of claim 10, wherein a thickness of the bonding portion in the stacking direction is smaller than a thickness of the module bonding portion in the stacking direction. 13. The battery module of claim 10, wherein a plurality of stacked batteries is sandwiched by the holding member,
the battery module further comprises an additional module bonding portion configured to bond the stacked batteries to each other, and when the stacked battery is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion bonds the outermost layer of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region in which the additional module bonding portion is present. 14. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the additional module bonding portion includes a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 15. The battery module of claim 13, wherein a thickness of the bonding portion in the stacking direction is smaller than a half of a thickness of the additional module bonding portion in the stacking direction. | A stacked battery includes: a power generation element in which a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators are alternately stacked; an exterior member in which the power generation element is accommodated together with an electrolytic solution; and a bonding portion configured to bond an outermost layer of the power generation element and an inner side of the exterior member, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in a plan view from a stacking direction in which the electrodes and the separators are stacked, the bonding portion is located outside an effective region contributing to power generation in the power generation element and has a shape in which an outer peripheral edge of the bonding portion is continuous over an entire circumference of the bonding portion.1. A stacked battery, comprising:
a power generation element in which a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators are alternately stacked; an exterior member in which the power generation element is accommodated together with an electrolytic solution; and a bonding portion configured to bond an outermost layer of the power generation element and an inner side of the exterior member, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in a plan view from a stacking direction in which the electrodes and the separators are stacked, the bonding portion is located outside an effective region contributing to power generation in the power generation element and has a shape in which an outer peripheral edge of the bonding portion is continuous over an entire circumference of the bonding portion. 2. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein the exterior member has a joint portion in which peripheral edge portions of the exterior member are overlapped and joined, and
when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion has a size such that the bonding portion covers an edge portion of the outermost layer of the power generation element. 3. The stacked battery of claim 2, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion has a size such that the outer peripheral edge of the bonding portion is positioned inside the joint portion without being sandwiched by the joint portion. 4. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein the power generation element includes an insulating member disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode among the electrodes, and
when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion bonds the outermost layer of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region in which the insulating member is present. 5. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein when the power generation element is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion has a frame shape. 6. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein the bonding portion includes a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 7. The stacked battery of claim 1, further comprising an additional bonding portion configured to bond the electrodes and the separators. 8. The stacked battery of claim 7, wherein the additional bonding portion is formed on at least one surface of a base material of each of the separators and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material. 9. The stacked battery of claim 7, wherein the additional bonding portion is formed on at least one surface of a base material of each of the separators and includes a bonding layer containing a bonding material and a heat-resistant material. 10. A battery module including at least one stacked battery of claim 1, comprising:
a holding member configured to sandwich and hold the stacked battery from both sides in the stacking direction; a pressing part configured to apply a pressing force to the stacked battery in the stacking direction; and a module bonding portion configured to bond the stacked battery to the holding member, wherein when the stacked battery is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion bonds the outermost layer of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region in which the pressing part and the module bonding portion are present. 11. The battery module of claim 10, wherein the module bonding portion includes a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 12. The battery module of claim 10, wherein a thickness of the bonding portion in the stacking direction is smaller than a thickness of the module bonding portion in the stacking direction. 13. The battery module of claim 10, wherein a plurality of stacked batteries is sandwiched by the holding member,
the battery module further comprises an additional module bonding portion configured to bond the stacked batteries to each other, and when the stacked battery is viewed in the plan view from the stacking direction, the bonding portion bonds the outermost layer of the power generation element and the inner side of the exterior member in a region that does not overlap with a region in which the additional module bonding portion is present. 14. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the additional module bonding portion includes a bonding agent, an adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 15. The battery module of claim 13, wherein a thickness of the bonding portion in the stacking direction is smaller than a half of a thickness of the additional module bonding portion in the stacking direction. | 2,800 |
342,904 | 16,642,650 | 3,627 | A beverage forming method and system arranged to allow a user to change one or more brew parameters used by a beverage machine control circuit to perform automatic control during a beverage dispensing operation. For example, a user can adjust a volume of a beverage to be dispensed while the beverage is being dispensed in the user's cup, and the control circuit will adjust automatic control of the dispensing process based on the adjusted volume from the user. | 1. A beverage forming system comprising:
a liquid supply arranged to provide a liquid for forming a beverage; a brew chamber arranged to hold a beverage material for mixing with the liquid to form a beverage; a liquid conditioner arranged to heat or cool the liquid that is provided to the brew chamber; and a control circuit arranged to control the liquid supply and the liquid conditioner to operate automatically according to one or more brew parameters during a dispensing operation to deliver heated or cooled liquid to the brew chamber to form the beverage, wherein the control circuit is arranged to change at least one of the brew parameters based on user input during the dispensing operation and to cause the liquid supply or liquid conditioner to change operation based on the changed at least one brew parameter. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more brew parameters includes a volume of beverage dispensed during the dispensing operation, a temperature of the beverage, an amount of whipping of the beverage, a time period over which the beverage is dispensed, a speed at which the beverage is dispensed, a flow rate at which liquid is delivered to the brew chamber, a pressure of liquid delivered to the brew chamber, and an amount of air or steam delivered to purge the brew chamber. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more brew parameters includes a beverage volume, and the control circuit is arranged to change the beverage volume based on user input during the dispensing operation and to cause the liquid supply to adjust an amount of liquid delivered to the brew chamber based on the changed beverage volume. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the control circuit is arranged to change the beverage volume based on user input received while beverage is being dispensed from the brew chamber. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the liquid supply includes a pump and the control circuit is arranged to control a number of pump revolutions turned by the pump to adjust the amount of liquid delivered to the brew chamber. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more brew parameters includes a flow rate at which liquid is delivered to the brew chamber, and the control circuit is arranged to change the flow rate based on user input during the dispensing operation and to cause the liquid supply to adjust a flow rate based on the changed flow rate. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the liquid supply includes a pump and the control circuit is arranged to control a rotary speed of the pump to adjust the flow rate of liquid delivered to the brew chamber. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the liquid supply includes a pump and the control circuit is arranged to control the pump to operate on an intermittent basis to adjust the flow rate of liquid delivered to the brew chamber. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid supply includes a storage tank fluidly coupled to an inlet of a pump, and the liquid conditioner includes a heater tank fluidly coupled to an outlet of the pump. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump controllable by the control circuit to deliver a known volume of liquid to the heater tank. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the brew chamber is arranged to hold a beverage cartridge that contains the beverage material, and an outlet of the heater tank is fluidly coupled to an inlet of the brew chamber to deliver liquid to the beverage cartridge to form a beverage. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the inlet of the brew chamber includes a piercing element arranged to pierce a portion of the cartridge to form an opening through which liquid is delivered. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the control circuit includes a user interface arranged to receive the user input during the dispensing operation. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the user interface includes a plurality of buttons, each of the plurality of buttons associated with a corresponding beverage volume and being actuatable by a user to provide the user input. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the user interface includes a button to define a flow rate of liquid delivered to the brew chamber during beverage formation, and the button is acuatable by a user to provide the user input. | A beverage forming method and system arranged to allow a user to change one or more brew parameters used by a beverage machine control circuit to perform automatic control during a beverage dispensing operation. For example, a user can adjust a volume of a beverage to be dispensed while the beverage is being dispensed in the user's cup, and the control circuit will adjust automatic control of the dispensing process based on the adjusted volume from the user.1. A beverage forming system comprising:
a liquid supply arranged to provide a liquid for forming a beverage; a brew chamber arranged to hold a beverage material for mixing with the liquid to form a beverage; a liquid conditioner arranged to heat or cool the liquid that is provided to the brew chamber; and a control circuit arranged to control the liquid supply and the liquid conditioner to operate automatically according to one or more brew parameters during a dispensing operation to deliver heated or cooled liquid to the brew chamber to form the beverage, wherein the control circuit is arranged to change at least one of the brew parameters based on user input during the dispensing operation and to cause the liquid supply or liquid conditioner to change operation based on the changed at least one brew parameter. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more brew parameters includes a volume of beverage dispensed during the dispensing operation, a temperature of the beverage, an amount of whipping of the beverage, a time period over which the beverage is dispensed, a speed at which the beverage is dispensed, a flow rate at which liquid is delivered to the brew chamber, a pressure of liquid delivered to the brew chamber, and an amount of air or steam delivered to purge the brew chamber. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more brew parameters includes a beverage volume, and the control circuit is arranged to change the beverage volume based on user input during the dispensing operation and to cause the liquid supply to adjust an amount of liquid delivered to the brew chamber based on the changed beverage volume. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the control circuit is arranged to change the beverage volume based on user input received while beverage is being dispensed from the brew chamber. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the liquid supply includes a pump and the control circuit is arranged to control a number of pump revolutions turned by the pump to adjust the amount of liquid delivered to the brew chamber. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more brew parameters includes a flow rate at which liquid is delivered to the brew chamber, and the control circuit is arranged to change the flow rate based on user input during the dispensing operation and to cause the liquid supply to adjust a flow rate based on the changed flow rate. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the liquid supply includes a pump and the control circuit is arranged to control a rotary speed of the pump to adjust the flow rate of liquid delivered to the brew chamber. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the liquid supply includes a pump and the control circuit is arranged to control the pump to operate on an intermittent basis to adjust the flow rate of liquid delivered to the brew chamber. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid supply includes a storage tank fluidly coupled to an inlet of a pump, and the liquid conditioner includes a heater tank fluidly coupled to an outlet of the pump. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump controllable by the control circuit to deliver a known volume of liquid to the heater tank. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the brew chamber is arranged to hold a beverage cartridge that contains the beverage material, and an outlet of the heater tank is fluidly coupled to an inlet of the brew chamber to deliver liquid to the beverage cartridge to form a beverage. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the inlet of the brew chamber includes a piercing element arranged to pierce a portion of the cartridge to form an opening through which liquid is delivered. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the control circuit includes a user interface arranged to receive the user input during the dispensing operation. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the user interface includes a plurality of buttons, each of the plurality of buttons associated with a corresponding beverage volume and being actuatable by a user to provide the user input. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the user interface includes a button to define a flow rate of liquid delivered to the brew chamber during beverage formation, and the button is acuatable by a user to provide the user input. | 3,600 |
342,905 | 16,642,632 | 3,627 | A friction engagement device includes a rotating shaft, first friction plates that rotate with the rotating shaft, second friction plates arranged to face the first friction plates, an oil chamber supplied with hydraulic fluid, a piston movably provided between engagement and release positions, and first and second return springs. Ihe piston is pressed toward the engagement position by hydraulic pressure of the oil chamber. The first return spring contacts the piston from the engagement position to a standby position between the release position and the engagement position and urges the piston toward the release position. The second return spring contacts the piston from he engagement position to the release position and urges the piston toward the release position. Center axes of the first and second return springs are arranged to coincide with a center axis of the rotating shaft. | 1. A friction engagement device for a work vehicle, the friction engagement device comprising:
a rotating shaft; a plurality of first friction plates that rotate with the rotating shaft; a plurality of second friction plates arranged to face the first friction plates; an oil chamber to which hydraulic fluid is supplied; a piston movably provided between an engagement position and a release position, the piston engaging the first friction plates and the second friction plates at the engagement position, the piston releasing the first friction plates and the second friction plates at the release position, and the piston being pressed toward the engagement position by hydraulic pressure of the oil chamber; a first return spring that
contacts the piston from the engagement position to a standby position between the release position and the engagement position and urges the piston toward the release position; and
a second return spring that
contacts the piston from the engagement position to the release position and
urges the piston toward the release position,
a center axis of the first return spring being arranged to coincide with a center axis of the rotating shaft, and a center axis of the second return spring being arranged to coincide with tire center axis of the rotating shaft. 2. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring and the second return spring have inner diameters larger than an outer diameter of the rotating shall. 3. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the second return spring is arranged radially outward of the first return spring. 4. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring is arranged radially inside of the second friction plates, and the second return spring is arranged radially outward of the second friction plates. 5. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring is arranged radially inside of the second friction plates, and the second return spring is arranged radially inside of the second friction plates. 6. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring is a coil spring. 7. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the second return spring is a wave spring. 8. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the second return spring is a coil spring. 9. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer arranged between the piston and the first return spring; and a restriction member restricting a movement of the spacer toward the release position; wherein the spacer being is separated from the piston when the piston is located at the release position. 10. A work vehicle including the friction engagement device according to claim 1, the work vehicle further comprising:
an engine; a hydraulic pump driven by the engine; and a work implement driven by hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump. | A friction engagement device includes a rotating shaft, first friction plates that rotate with the rotating shaft, second friction plates arranged to face the first friction plates, an oil chamber supplied with hydraulic fluid, a piston movably provided between engagement and release positions, and first and second return springs. Ihe piston is pressed toward the engagement position by hydraulic pressure of the oil chamber. The first return spring contacts the piston from the engagement position to a standby position between the release position and the engagement position and urges the piston toward the release position. The second return spring contacts the piston from he engagement position to the release position and urges the piston toward the release position. Center axes of the first and second return springs are arranged to coincide with a center axis of the rotating shaft.1. A friction engagement device for a work vehicle, the friction engagement device comprising:
a rotating shaft; a plurality of first friction plates that rotate with the rotating shaft; a plurality of second friction plates arranged to face the first friction plates; an oil chamber to which hydraulic fluid is supplied; a piston movably provided between an engagement position and a release position, the piston engaging the first friction plates and the second friction plates at the engagement position, the piston releasing the first friction plates and the second friction plates at the release position, and the piston being pressed toward the engagement position by hydraulic pressure of the oil chamber; a first return spring that
contacts the piston from the engagement position to a standby position between the release position and the engagement position and urges the piston toward the release position; and
a second return spring that
contacts the piston from the engagement position to the release position and
urges the piston toward the release position,
a center axis of the first return spring being arranged to coincide with a center axis of the rotating shaft, and a center axis of the second return spring being arranged to coincide with tire center axis of the rotating shaft. 2. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring and the second return spring have inner diameters larger than an outer diameter of the rotating shall. 3. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the second return spring is arranged radially outward of the first return spring. 4. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring is arranged radially inside of the second friction plates, and the second return spring is arranged radially outward of the second friction plates. 5. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring is arranged radially inside of the second friction plates, and the second return spring is arranged radially inside of the second friction plates. 6. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the first return spring is a coil spring. 7. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the second return spring is a wave spring. 8. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, wherein
the second return spring is a coil spring. 9. The friction engagement device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer arranged between the piston and the first return spring; and a restriction member restricting a movement of the spacer toward the release position; wherein the spacer being is separated from the piston when the piston is located at the release position. 10. A work vehicle including the friction engagement device according to claim 1, the work vehicle further comprising:
an engine; a hydraulic pump driven by the engine; and a work implement driven by hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump. | 3,600 |
342,906 | 16,642,616 | 3,627 | The present application discloses a single-component coating for automobile seal strip, which includes one or several kinds of waterborne polyurethane resin, waterborne polyacrylate resin, waterborne epoxy resin, as well as polysilicone dispersion and sealant isocyanate curing agent. The coating of the present application is sprayed on the automobile glass guide groove, automobile door frame sponge strip, automobile trunk seal strip, automobile skylight seal strip and other rubber base materials and then baked; after the reaction, it can solve the problem of abnormal sound when the automobile is in motion, and the problem of feeling soft and smooth on the coating surface. | 1. A single-component coating for automobile seal strip, comprising one or several kinds of waterborne polyurethane resin, waterborne polyacrylate resin, waterborne epoxy resin, polysilicone dispersion and sealant isocyanate curing agent. 2. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 1, further comprising a film-forming additive. 3. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 2, comprising the following components in percentages by weight: 4. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 3, characterized in that the film-forming additive is dipropylene glycol butyl ether. 5. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 1, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 6. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 2, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 7. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 3, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 8. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 4, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 9. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 5, further comprising components in percentages by weight: 10. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 9, the organic silicone is silicone or silane coupling agent. 11. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 9, the organic fluorine is a fluorine-containing olefin. 12. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 9, the color paste is a black paste. 13. The single-component coating for automobile rubber seal strip according to claim 9, the defoaming agent is organic silicon defoaming agent or mineral oil defoaming agent. | The present application discloses a single-component coating for automobile seal strip, which includes one or several kinds of waterborne polyurethane resin, waterborne polyacrylate resin, waterborne epoxy resin, as well as polysilicone dispersion and sealant isocyanate curing agent. The coating of the present application is sprayed on the automobile glass guide groove, automobile door frame sponge strip, automobile trunk seal strip, automobile skylight seal strip and other rubber base materials and then baked; after the reaction, it can solve the problem of abnormal sound when the automobile is in motion, and the problem of feeling soft and smooth on the coating surface.1. A single-component coating for automobile seal strip, comprising one or several kinds of waterborne polyurethane resin, waterborne polyacrylate resin, waterborne epoxy resin, polysilicone dispersion and sealant isocyanate curing agent. 2. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 1, further comprising a film-forming additive. 3. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 2, comprising the following components in percentages by weight: 4. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 3, characterized in that the film-forming additive is dipropylene glycol butyl ether. 5. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 1, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 6. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 2, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 7. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 3, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 8. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 4, further comprising one or more kinds of the wetting agent, leveling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, organic silicone, organic fluorine, color paste, thickener, and ultraviolet absorbent. 9. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 5, further comprising components in percentages by weight: 10. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 9, the organic silicone is silicone or silane coupling agent. 11. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 9, the organic fluorine is a fluorine-containing olefin. 12. The single-component automobile rubber seal strip coating according to claim 9, the color paste is a black paste. 13. The single-component coating for automobile rubber seal strip according to claim 9, the defoaming agent is organic silicon defoaming agent or mineral oil defoaming agent. | 3,600 |
342,907 | 16,642,621 | 3,627 | A method for producing a glass fine particle deposit is provided, which arranges a glass synthesis burner and a starting rod in a reaction vessel, and relatively reciprocates the starting rod in an axial direction with respect to the glass synthesis burner so that glass fine particles synthesized by the glass synthesis burner are deposited on the starting rod, in which, as a diameter of the glass fine particle deposit increases, while relatively retracting the glass synthesis burner from the glass fine particle deposit, the method shortens a distance between the glass fine particle deposit and the glass synthesis burner at an end of deposition from that at a start of deposition. | 1. A method for producing a glass fine particle deposit comprising:
arranging a glass synthesis burner and a starting rod in a reaction vessel; relatively reciprocating the starting rod in an axial direction with respect to the glass synthesis burner so that glass fine particles synthesized by the glass synthesis burner are deposited on the starting rod, and as a diameter of the glass fine particle deposit increases, while relatively retracting the glass synthesis burner from the glass fine particle deposit, shortening a distance between the glass fine particle deposit and the glass synthesis burner at an end of deposition from that at a start of deposition. 2. The method for producing a glass fine particle deposit according to claim 1, comprising:
as a diameter of the glass fine particle deposit increases, while relatively retracting the glass synthesis burner from the glass fine particle deposit, gradually reducing a rate of change of the distance between the glass fine particle deposit and the glass synthesis burner in accordance with an increase in the diameter of the glass fine particle deposit as time elapses from the start of deposition. 3. The method for producing a glass fine particle deposit according to claim 1, wherein siloxane is used as a raw material for glass synthesis. 4. The method for producing a glass fine particle deposit according to claim 3, wherein octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) is used as the siloxane. 5. A method for producing a glass base material comprising:
a transparentizing process of producing a glass fine particle deposit by the method for producing the glass fine particle deposit according to claim 1, and heating the produced glass fine particle deposit to produce a transparent glass base material. 6. A glass fine particle deposit, wherein, when a distance from a surface of a starting rod to a deposit surface of a glass fine particle deposit is 1, with respect to a distance in a radial direction in a range of 10% or more and 100% or less, a variation rate of a bulk density in the radial direction is 5% or less. | A method for producing a glass fine particle deposit is provided, which arranges a glass synthesis burner and a starting rod in a reaction vessel, and relatively reciprocates the starting rod in an axial direction with respect to the glass synthesis burner so that glass fine particles synthesized by the glass synthesis burner are deposited on the starting rod, in which, as a diameter of the glass fine particle deposit increases, while relatively retracting the glass synthesis burner from the glass fine particle deposit, the method shortens a distance between the glass fine particle deposit and the glass synthesis burner at an end of deposition from that at a start of deposition.1. A method for producing a glass fine particle deposit comprising:
arranging a glass synthesis burner and a starting rod in a reaction vessel; relatively reciprocating the starting rod in an axial direction with respect to the glass synthesis burner so that glass fine particles synthesized by the glass synthesis burner are deposited on the starting rod, and as a diameter of the glass fine particle deposit increases, while relatively retracting the glass synthesis burner from the glass fine particle deposit, shortening a distance between the glass fine particle deposit and the glass synthesis burner at an end of deposition from that at a start of deposition. 2. The method for producing a glass fine particle deposit according to claim 1, comprising:
as a diameter of the glass fine particle deposit increases, while relatively retracting the glass synthesis burner from the glass fine particle deposit, gradually reducing a rate of change of the distance between the glass fine particle deposit and the glass synthesis burner in accordance with an increase in the diameter of the glass fine particle deposit as time elapses from the start of deposition. 3. The method for producing a glass fine particle deposit according to claim 1, wherein siloxane is used as a raw material for glass synthesis. 4. The method for producing a glass fine particle deposit according to claim 3, wherein octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) is used as the siloxane. 5. A method for producing a glass base material comprising:
a transparentizing process of producing a glass fine particle deposit by the method for producing the glass fine particle deposit according to claim 1, and heating the produced glass fine particle deposit to produce a transparent glass base material. 6. A glass fine particle deposit, wherein, when a distance from a surface of a starting rod to a deposit surface of a glass fine particle deposit is 1, with respect to a distance in a radial direction in a range of 10% or more and 100% or less, a variation rate of a bulk density in the radial direction is 5% or less. | 3,600 |
342,908 | 16,642,652 | 3,627 | A noise cancellation system for a noise cancellation enabled audio device comprises a first noise filter and a second noise filter, each being designed to process a noise signal, a combiner and an adaptation engine. The first noise filter has a first fixed frequency response matched to a high leakage condition of the audio device. The second noise filter has a second fixed frequency response matched to a low leakage condition of the audio device. The combiner is configured to provide a compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the first noise filter amplified with a first adjustable gain factor and an output of the second noise filter amplified with a second adjustable gain factor. The adaptation engine is configured to estimate a leakage condition of the audio device based on an error noise signal and to adjust at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. | 1. A noise cancellation system for a noise cancellation enabled audio device, in particular headphone, the system comprising
a first noise filter having a first fixed frequency response matched to a high leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process a noise signal; a second noise filter having a second fixed frequency response matched to a low leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the noise signal; a combiner configured to provide a compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the first noise filter amplified with a first adjustable gain factor and an output of the second noise filter amplified with a second adjustable gain factor; and an adaptation engine configured to estimate a leakage condition of the audio device based on an error noise signal and to adjust at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 2. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to adjust the at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors during operation of the noise cancellation system. 3. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to estimate the leakage condition based on a noise evaluation of the error noise signal at one or more distinct frequencies or frequency ranges. 4. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to estimate the leakage condition based on a filtered version of the error noise signal. 5. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to adjust the first and the second adjustable gain factor using a mapping function, in particular polynomial mapping function, between the estimated leakage condition and the first and the second adjustable gain factor. 6. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to adjust the first and the second adjustable gain factor further based on an external input, in particular a user input. 7. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the combiner is further configured to provide the compensation signal based on the combination amplified with a supplementary adjustable gain factor and wherein the adaptation engine is further configured to adjust the supplementary adjustable gain factor based on the estimated leakage condition. 8. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the error noise signal is a feedback noise signal recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 9. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedforward noise cancellation type; the noise signal is an ambient noise signal, in particular recorded by an ambient noise microphone of the audio device; and the error noise signal is a feedback noise signal, in particular recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 10. The noise cancellation system according to claim 9, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to estimate the leakage condition based on a ratio between the error noise signal and the noise signal at one or more distinct frequencies or frequency ranges. 11. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedback noise cancellation type; and the noise signal is the error noise signal, which is a feedback noise signal, in particular recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 12. The noise cancellation system according to claim 9, the system further comprising
a third noise filter being of a feedback noise cancellation type, having a third fixed frequency response matched to the high leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the error noise signal; a fourth noise filter being of a feedback noise cancellation type, having a fourth fixed frequency response matched to the low leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the error noise signal; wherein the compensation signal is a feedforward compensation signal; the combiner is configured to provide a feedback compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the third noise filter amplified with a third adjustable gain factor and an output of the fourth noise filter amplified with a fourth adjustable gain factor; and the adaptation engine is further configured to adjust the third and fourth adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 13. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, the system further comprising
one or more further noise filters, each having a further fixed frequency response matched to a distinct medium leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the noise signal; wherein the combiner is configured to provide the compensation signal based on a combination of the output of the first noise filter amplified with the first adjustable gain factor, the output of the second noise filter amplified with the second adjustable gain factor and respective outputs of the one or more further noise filters, each amplified with a respective further adjustable gain factor; and the adaptation engine is further configured to adjust the respective further adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 14. A noise cancellation enabled audio device, in particular headphone or handset, comprising a noise cancellation system according to claim 1, a speaker and a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to the speaker for providing the error noise signal. 15. An audio player comprising a noise cancellation system according to claim 1. 16. A noise cancellation method for a noise cancellation enabled audio device, in particular headphone, the method comprising
processing a noise signal with a first noise filter having a first fixed frequency response matched to a high leakage condition of the audio device; processing the noise signal with a second noise filter having a second fixed frequency response matched to a low leakage condition of the audio device; generating a compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the first noise filter amplified with a first adjustable gain factor and an output of the second noise filter amplified with a second adjustable gain factor; estimating a leakage condition of the audio device based on an error noise signal; and adjusting at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the error noise signal is a feedback noise signal recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedforward noise cancellation type; and the noise signal is an ambient noise signal recorded by an ambient noise microphone of the audio device. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedback noise cancellation type; and the noise signal is the error noise signal. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors is adjusted during operation of the noise cancellation audio device. | A noise cancellation system for a noise cancellation enabled audio device comprises a first noise filter and a second noise filter, each being designed to process a noise signal, a combiner and an adaptation engine. The first noise filter has a first fixed frequency response matched to a high leakage condition of the audio device. The second noise filter has a second fixed frequency response matched to a low leakage condition of the audio device. The combiner is configured to provide a compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the first noise filter amplified with a first adjustable gain factor and an output of the second noise filter amplified with a second adjustable gain factor. The adaptation engine is configured to estimate a leakage condition of the audio device based on an error noise signal and to adjust at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition.1. A noise cancellation system for a noise cancellation enabled audio device, in particular headphone, the system comprising
a first noise filter having a first fixed frequency response matched to a high leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process a noise signal; a second noise filter having a second fixed frequency response matched to a low leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the noise signal; a combiner configured to provide a compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the first noise filter amplified with a first adjustable gain factor and an output of the second noise filter amplified with a second adjustable gain factor; and an adaptation engine configured to estimate a leakage condition of the audio device based on an error noise signal and to adjust at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 2. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to adjust the at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors during operation of the noise cancellation system. 3. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to estimate the leakage condition based on a noise evaluation of the error noise signal at one or more distinct frequencies or frequency ranges. 4. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to estimate the leakage condition based on a filtered version of the error noise signal. 5. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to adjust the first and the second adjustable gain factor using a mapping function, in particular polynomial mapping function, between the estimated leakage condition and the first and the second adjustable gain factor. 6. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to adjust the first and the second adjustable gain factor further based on an external input, in particular a user input. 7. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the combiner is further configured to provide the compensation signal based on the combination amplified with a supplementary adjustable gain factor and wherein the adaptation engine is further configured to adjust the supplementary adjustable gain factor based on the estimated leakage condition. 8. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein the error noise signal is a feedback noise signal recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 9. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedforward noise cancellation type; the noise signal is an ambient noise signal, in particular recorded by an ambient noise microphone of the audio device; and the error noise signal is a feedback noise signal, in particular recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 10. The noise cancellation system according to claim 9, wherein the adaptation engine is configured to estimate the leakage condition based on a ratio between the error noise signal and the noise signal at one or more distinct frequencies or frequency ranges. 11. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedback noise cancellation type; and the noise signal is the error noise signal, which is a feedback noise signal, in particular recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 12. The noise cancellation system according to claim 9, the system further comprising
a third noise filter being of a feedback noise cancellation type, having a third fixed frequency response matched to the high leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the error noise signal; a fourth noise filter being of a feedback noise cancellation type, having a fourth fixed frequency response matched to the low leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the error noise signal; wherein the compensation signal is a feedforward compensation signal; the combiner is configured to provide a feedback compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the third noise filter amplified with a third adjustable gain factor and an output of the fourth noise filter amplified with a fourth adjustable gain factor; and the adaptation engine is further configured to adjust the third and fourth adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 13. The noise cancellation system according to claim 1, the system further comprising
one or more further noise filters, each having a further fixed frequency response matched to a distinct medium leakage condition of the audio device and being designed to process the noise signal; wherein the combiner is configured to provide the compensation signal based on a combination of the output of the first noise filter amplified with the first adjustable gain factor, the output of the second noise filter amplified with the second adjustable gain factor and respective outputs of the one or more further noise filters, each amplified with a respective further adjustable gain factor; and the adaptation engine is further configured to adjust the respective further adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 14. A noise cancellation enabled audio device, in particular headphone or handset, comprising a noise cancellation system according to claim 1, a speaker and a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to the speaker for providing the error noise signal. 15. An audio player comprising a noise cancellation system according to claim 1. 16. A noise cancellation method for a noise cancellation enabled audio device, in particular headphone, the method comprising
processing a noise signal with a first noise filter having a first fixed frequency response matched to a high leakage condition of the audio device; processing the noise signal with a second noise filter having a second fixed frequency response matched to a low leakage condition of the audio device; generating a compensation signal based on a combination of an output of the first noise filter amplified with a first adjustable gain factor and an output of the second noise filter amplified with a second adjustable gain factor; estimating a leakage condition of the audio device based on an error noise signal; and adjusting at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors based on the estimated leakage condition. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the error noise signal is a feedback noise signal recorded by a feedback noise microphone located in proximity to a speaker of the audio device. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedforward noise cancellation type; and the noise signal is an ambient noise signal recorded by an ambient noise microphone of the audio device. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein
the first noise filter and the second noise filter are each of a feedback noise cancellation type; and the noise signal is the error noise signal. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one of the first and the second adjustable gain factors is adjusted during operation of the noise cancellation audio device. | 3,600 |
342,909 | 16,642,655 | 3,627 | A charging roller for an image forming apparatus is provided, which includes a shaft, an elastic layer disposed around the shaft, and a coating layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the coating layer includes a urethane resin formed by crosslinking of a polyol mixture with polyisocyanate, and the polyol mixture includes polyester polyol and polyether polyol having 60% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of an ethylene oxide content. | 1. A charging roller for an image forming apparatus, comprising:
a shaft; an elastic layer formed around the shaft; and a coating layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the coating layer includes a urethane resin formed by crosslinking of a polyol mixture with polyisocyanate, and the polyol mixture includes polyester polyol, and polyether polyol having 60% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of an ethylene oxide content. 2. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mass ratio between the polyester polyol and the polyether polyol having 60% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of the ethylene oxide content is in a range of 8:2 to 2:8. 3. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ratio of isocyanate groups (NCO) of the polyisocyanate to hydroxyl groups (OH) of the polyol mixture ([NCO]/[OH]) is within a range of 1.2 to 2.5. 4. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer further includes at least one conducting agent selected from an ionic conducting agent and an electronic conducting agent. 5. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ionic conducting agent is an ionic liquid having a following chemical structure 6. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electron conducting agent is a carbon black. 7. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is a hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer. 8. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is a blocked polyisocyanate having a dissociation temperature equal to or higher than 120° C. and equal to or lower than 160° C. 9. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the coating layer further comprises particles forming an unevenness on a surface of the coating layer, and an amount of the particles is included in a range of 5 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin. 10. An image forming apparatus comprising a charging roller according to claim 1. 11. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coating layer includes the ionic conducting agent, and
an amount of the ionic conducting agent is within a range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin. 12. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coating layer includes the electronic conducting agent, and
an amount of the electron conducting agent is within a range of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin. 13. The charging roller as claimed in claim 9, wherein the particles include a monodispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particle having a diameter included in a range of 18 to 30 μm. | A charging roller for an image forming apparatus is provided, which includes a shaft, an elastic layer disposed around the shaft, and a coating layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the coating layer includes a urethane resin formed by crosslinking of a polyol mixture with polyisocyanate, and the polyol mixture includes polyester polyol and polyether polyol having 60% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of an ethylene oxide content.1. A charging roller for an image forming apparatus, comprising:
a shaft; an elastic layer formed around the shaft; and a coating layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the coating layer includes a urethane resin formed by crosslinking of a polyol mixture with polyisocyanate, and the polyol mixture includes polyester polyol, and polyether polyol having 60% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of an ethylene oxide content. 2. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mass ratio between the polyester polyol and the polyether polyol having 60% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of the ethylene oxide content is in a range of 8:2 to 2:8. 3. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ratio of isocyanate groups (NCO) of the polyisocyanate to hydroxyl groups (OH) of the polyol mixture ([NCO]/[OH]) is within a range of 1.2 to 2.5. 4. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer further includes at least one conducting agent selected from an ionic conducting agent and an electronic conducting agent. 5. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ionic conducting agent is an ionic liquid having a following chemical structure 6. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electron conducting agent is a carbon black. 7. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is a hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer. 8. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is a blocked polyisocyanate having a dissociation temperature equal to or higher than 120° C. and equal to or lower than 160° C. 9. The charging roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the coating layer further comprises particles forming an unevenness on a surface of the coating layer, and an amount of the particles is included in a range of 5 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin. 10. An image forming apparatus comprising a charging roller according to claim 1. 11. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coating layer includes the ionic conducting agent, and
an amount of the ionic conducting agent is within a range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin. 12. The charging roller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coating layer includes the electronic conducting agent, and
an amount of the electron conducting agent is within a range of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the urethane resin. 13. The charging roller as claimed in claim 9, wherein the particles include a monodispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particle having a diameter included in a range of 18 to 30 μm. | 3,600 |
342,910 | 16,642,609 | 3,627 | A process for shaping a fibrous preform includes the insertion of each attachment tab of a fibrous texture into a corresponding aperture of an impregnation mandrel, the attachment by a removable retaining device of each tab inserted into each aperture against a surface of the impregnation mandrel, the winding under tension of the fibrous texture on the impregnation mandrel in order to obtain a fibrous preform. | 1. A process for shaping a fibrous preform implementing an installation comprising a storage mandrel intended to store a fibrous texture in the form of a wound strip, an impregnation mandrel comprising an external surface and an internal surface opposite the external surface, a device for conveying the fibrous texture between the storage mandrel and the impregnation mandrel, inserted into at least one aperture extending between the external and internal surfaces of the impregnation mandrel, and at least one removable retaining device, the process comprising:
producing a fibrous texture having a strip shape extending in a longitudinal direction (DX) over a predetermined length between a proximal part and a distal part and having a three-dimensional or multilayer woven structure between a plurality of layers of warp threads and a plurality of layers of weft threads, the proximal part of the fibrous texture comprising at least one attachment tab, each attachment tab having a thickness less than the thickness of the rest of the fibrous texture, inserting each attachment tab of the fibrous texture into an aperture corresponding to the impregnation mandrel, the fibrous texture being unwound from the storage mandrel and conveyed by the conveying device between the storage mandrel and the impregnation mandrel, attaching, by each removable retaining device, of each tab inserted into each aperture against a surface of the impregnation mandrel, winding under tension fibrous texture on the impregnation mandrel in order to obtain the fibrous preform. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proximal part longitudinally comprises a gradual increase in thickness between each attachment tab and the rest of the fibrous texture. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of each attachment tab extends in a part of constant thickness of the fibrous texture. 4. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1, wherein each attachment tab is formed by two-dimensional weaving. 5. The process as claimed in any claim 1, wherein each removable device comprises an attachment screw or a clamping device configured to retain from the inside of the impregnation mandrel each attachment tab against a surface of the impregnation mandrel. 6. The process as claimed in any claim 1, wherein each removable retaining device is configured to retain an attachment tab against a surface extending between the internal surface and the external surface, or against the internal surface of the impregnation mandrel. 7. The process as claimed in any claim 1, wherein the fibrous texture comprises a plurality of tabs respectively inserted into a plurality of apertures, the installation further comprising a plurality of removable devices for retaining the tabs. 8. The process as claimed in any claim 1, further comprising the cutting-out eat least one woven layer extracted from the fibrous texture and distinct from each attachment tab, before the insertion of each tab into the corresponding aperture of the impregnation mandrel. 9. A process for impregnation of a fibrous preform for the production of a gas turbine casing made of composite material, implementing the steps of the process of shaping of a fibrous preform as claimed in any claim 1, the impregnation process further comprising:
withdrawing each removable retaining device after the winding of the fibrous texture on the impregnation mandrel, cutting-out each attachment tab of the fibrous texture inserted into each aperture, inserting a blank into each aperture of the impregnation mandrel in such a way as to blank off each aperture following the cutting-out of each tab, impregnating the fibrous preform with a resin. 10. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the width of each attachment tab extends in a part of constant thickness of the fibrous texture. | A process for shaping a fibrous preform includes the insertion of each attachment tab of a fibrous texture into a corresponding aperture of an impregnation mandrel, the attachment by a removable retaining device of each tab inserted into each aperture against a surface of the impregnation mandrel, the winding under tension of the fibrous texture on the impregnation mandrel in order to obtain a fibrous preform.1. A process for shaping a fibrous preform implementing an installation comprising a storage mandrel intended to store a fibrous texture in the form of a wound strip, an impregnation mandrel comprising an external surface and an internal surface opposite the external surface, a device for conveying the fibrous texture between the storage mandrel and the impregnation mandrel, inserted into at least one aperture extending between the external and internal surfaces of the impregnation mandrel, and at least one removable retaining device, the process comprising:
producing a fibrous texture having a strip shape extending in a longitudinal direction (DX) over a predetermined length between a proximal part and a distal part and having a three-dimensional or multilayer woven structure between a plurality of layers of warp threads and a plurality of layers of weft threads, the proximal part of the fibrous texture comprising at least one attachment tab, each attachment tab having a thickness less than the thickness of the rest of the fibrous texture, inserting each attachment tab of the fibrous texture into an aperture corresponding to the impregnation mandrel, the fibrous texture being unwound from the storage mandrel and conveyed by the conveying device between the storage mandrel and the impregnation mandrel, attaching, by each removable retaining device, of each tab inserted into each aperture against a surface of the impregnation mandrel, winding under tension fibrous texture on the impregnation mandrel in order to obtain the fibrous preform. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proximal part longitudinally comprises a gradual increase in thickness between each attachment tab and the rest of the fibrous texture. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of each attachment tab extends in a part of constant thickness of the fibrous texture. 4. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1, wherein each attachment tab is formed by two-dimensional weaving. 5. The process as claimed in any claim 1, wherein each removable device comprises an attachment screw or a clamping device configured to retain from the inside of the impregnation mandrel each attachment tab against a surface of the impregnation mandrel. 6. The process as claimed in any claim 1, wherein each removable retaining device is configured to retain an attachment tab against a surface extending between the internal surface and the external surface, or against the internal surface of the impregnation mandrel. 7. The process as claimed in any claim 1, wherein the fibrous texture comprises a plurality of tabs respectively inserted into a plurality of apertures, the installation further comprising a plurality of removable devices for retaining the tabs. 8. The process as claimed in any claim 1, further comprising the cutting-out eat least one woven layer extracted from the fibrous texture and distinct from each attachment tab, before the insertion of each tab into the corresponding aperture of the impregnation mandrel. 9. A process for impregnation of a fibrous preform for the production of a gas turbine casing made of composite material, implementing the steps of the process of shaping of a fibrous preform as claimed in any claim 1, the impregnation process further comprising:
withdrawing each removable retaining device after the winding of the fibrous texture on the impregnation mandrel, cutting-out each attachment tab of the fibrous texture inserted into each aperture, inserting a blank into each aperture of the impregnation mandrel in such a way as to blank off each aperture following the cutting-out of each tab, impregnating the fibrous preform with a resin. 10. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the width of each attachment tab extends in a part of constant thickness of the fibrous texture. | 3,600 |
342,911 | 16,642,633 | 3,641 | A novel three columned magazine structure with high cartridge capacity developed for automatic shotguns that are able to perform rapid fires, which enables the firearm to have more than one type of cartridge at the same time ready to be fired from the shotgun structure, and allows different type of cartridge structures to be fired in desired order. | 1. A firearm structure having a novel magazine system, characterized in that; it comprises following components:
a magazine structure located in a magazine port of a firearm structure and having a rotatable structure on its centerline, and comprising a tubular type uniform magazine body comprising a combination of cylindrically formed three magazine tubes positioned in parallel and equidistant to each other; a round shaped stabilizer structure located as protruded outwardly on an outer surface of a middle section of the magazine body and ensuring position of the magazine structure to be secured by three locking housings in a gap form positioned with equal distances on the edged thereof; a magazine lid which has a structure to seat on any end of the magazine structure that is formed as triple tube, and which encloses an end of the magazine body that is on the same direction with end of the barrel and protrusion-wise formed symmetrical three column taps of which can be fitted into three magazine columns at the same time; a disc structure located right at the rear end of the magazine structure, assisting in loading cartridges to be fired into the barrel properly, securing the connection between the magazine structure and firearm mechanism, having three round holes fully fitting to the magazine columns large enough for three cartridges on its lower portion, and on its upper portion having a fourth hole-like formed round barrel housing located on a point right above said three holes, wherein the barrel housing is formed as a cylindrical hole slightly protruding towards the barrel end in order that the barrel structure can be positioned into the said barrel housing; a locking extractor which is located on a trigger guard enclosing a front side of a pistol grip, and upper end of which contact to a stabilizer structure on the magazine structure, and which has a finger housing positioned on its middle section such that it faces the user's finger on a trigger structure, and which has a locking extractor formed as a protrusion that can be fitted on the locking housings on the stabilizer structure on its upper end and which secures the magazine structure in a fixated position; two cartridge catches which are positioned symmetrically right behind extra cartridge gaps that are two rounded holes located as side to side at a lower part of a disc structure, and which close outlet of the extra cartridge gaps in the lower portion of the disc structure thereby preventing the cartridge structures that may pass through these holes from ejecting out, and which allow the cartridge structures that are pushed into the extra cartridge gaps to pass through the inlet of the extra cartridge gaps, and which are symmetrical twins with regard to each other. 2. The magazine structure of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
three magazine springs positioned in the magazine columns of the magazine body such that each magazine column contains one of them, and one end of them fits onto one of the column taps of the magazine lid and ensuring that cartridge structures in the magazine columns to move towards the disc structure; a bearing housing located right at the middle of the magazine columns on the end of magazine body to which the magazine lid is mounted, ensuring that the magazine lid can be mounted on the magazine body and formed as a gap into which a central bearing can be tightly seated; an engagement gap located right at the middle of the magazine columns on the end of magazine body that faces to the disc structure, ensuring that the magazine body can be mounted on the magazine disc and formed as a gap into which a pin structure can be positioned; three spring taps each one of which is contained in the magazine columns, positioned on the end portions, that face the disc structure, of the magazine springs inside the magazine columns, able to move within the magazine columns depending on the movements of the magazine springs and assisting in pushing the cartridge structures inside the magazine columns towards the disc structure by the magazine springs; a central bearing which is structured to be fully fitted into a bearing gap that is right on the middle point of the magazine lid, and wherein its one end passing through the bearing gap fully fits into the bearing housing, and which ensures that the magazine lid is mounted on the magazine body. 3. The disc structure of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
an assembly gap which is positioned on the barrel housing that is on the upper of the disc structure and formed as a gap on which a mechanism rail that aligns mechanism of the firearm structure with the barrel can be fully fitted; a main cartridge gap which is positioned right under the barrel housing, which is formed as a round hole large enough for a cartridge to pass through, which fully fits to the magazine column, that keeps the cartridge to be fired, of the magazine structure on the upper part, and which provides a proper operation for the firearm mechanism by allowing the cartridge to be loaded from the magazine structure into the barrel for shooting to pass there-through; two extra cartridge gaps which is positioned side to side at the lower part of the disc structure, and formed as symmetrical round holes large enough for cartridges to pass through them, and which fully fit to the two magazine columns in which cartridges not yet to be fired are stored on the lower part of the magazine structure, and which have mutually positioned symmetrical cornered gaps for fully covering movement areas of inclined protrusions on their edges close to each other in order not to prevent the movements of the inclined protrusions, and which ensures that the magazine structure can realize cartridge loading unloading processes; a pin housing which is positioned right middle of the extra cartridge gaps having equidistant to each other at the lower part of the disc structure and the main cartridge gap structure, and which ensures that the disc structure and the magazine structure are mounted to each other via the pin structure positioned therein, and which fully fits on the engagement gap on the rear end of the magazine structure and which is formed as a gap in which the pin structure can be positioned. 4. The cartridge catch of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
a centering housing which is formed as a cylindrical gap, and which is positioned in a point on middle section of the cartridge catch such that its centerline extends in vertical direction, and which allows the positioning of the cartridge catch structure on the firearm body by means of a fastener positioned therein; an inclined protrusion which is positioned on end portions, facing the disc structure, of the cartridge catches that is positioned behind the extra cartridge gaps, which is in outwardly protruded form in a manner to be outwardly from the firearm body on horizontal axis and which prevents cartridge structures located in the extra cartridge gaps to move out by means of a force applied on the cartridge catch by a retainer spring positioned to a point farther from the centering housing with regard to itself in a manner to correspond to outer surface of the cartridge catch; a button which is positioned to a point on the cartridge catch to be between the centering housing and the inclined protrusion structure, and which is a fair amount protruded to be outwardly from the firearm body and which assists in unloading cartridge structures located in the extra cartridge gaps; an inhibitor which is located at end, facing rear side of the firearm body, of the cartridge catch, and which is a fair amount protruded to be outwardly from the firearm body and which prevents each cartridge structure unloaded during unloading process of cartridge structures located in the extra cartridge gaps to fly away by stopping them when they pop out. 5. The locking latch of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
a latch assembly hole formed as a cylindrical gap, located at lower end of the locking latch with respect to ground plane, and ensuring that the locking latch is mounted on the trigger guard via a locking pin placed therein; a spring gap which is located right above the latch assembly hole, and which assists the stabilizer structure to be secured in a certain position by making locking extractor to be fitted on the respective locking housing by means of a locking spring placed on a gap of it. | A novel three columned magazine structure with high cartridge capacity developed for automatic shotguns that are able to perform rapid fires, which enables the firearm to have more than one type of cartridge at the same time ready to be fired from the shotgun structure, and allows different type of cartridge structures to be fired in desired order.1. A firearm structure having a novel magazine system, characterized in that; it comprises following components:
a magazine structure located in a magazine port of a firearm structure and having a rotatable structure on its centerline, and comprising a tubular type uniform magazine body comprising a combination of cylindrically formed three magazine tubes positioned in parallel and equidistant to each other; a round shaped stabilizer structure located as protruded outwardly on an outer surface of a middle section of the magazine body and ensuring position of the magazine structure to be secured by three locking housings in a gap form positioned with equal distances on the edged thereof; a magazine lid which has a structure to seat on any end of the magazine structure that is formed as triple tube, and which encloses an end of the magazine body that is on the same direction with end of the barrel and protrusion-wise formed symmetrical three column taps of which can be fitted into three magazine columns at the same time; a disc structure located right at the rear end of the magazine structure, assisting in loading cartridges to be fired into the barrel properly, securing the connection between the magazine structure and firearm mechanism, having three round holes fully fitting to the magazine columns large enough for three cartridges on its lower portion, and on its upper portion having a fourth hole-like formed round barrel housing located on a point right above said three holes, wherein the barrel housing is formed as a cylindrical hole slightly protruding towards the barrel end in order that the barrel structure can be positioned into the said barrel housing; a locking extractor which is located on a trigger guard enclosing a front side of a pistol grip, and upper end of which contact to a stabilizer structure on the magazine structure, and which has a finger housing positioned on its middle section such that it faces the user's finger on a trigger structure, and which has a locking extractor formed as a protrusion that can be fitted on the locking housings on the stabilizer structure on its upper end and which secures the magazine structure in a fixated position; two cartridge catches which are positioned symmetrically right behind extra cartridge gaps that are two rounded holes located as side to side at a lower part of a disc structure, and which close outlet of the extra cartridge gaps in the lower portion of the disc structure thereby preventing the cartridge structures that may pass through these holes from ejecting out, and which allow the cartridge structures that are pushed into the extra cartridge gaps to pass through the inlet of the extra cartridge gaps, and which are symmetrical twins with regard to each other. 2. The magazine structure of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
three magazine springs positioned in the magazine columns of the magazine body such that each magazine column contains one of them, and one end of them fits onto one of the column taps of the magazine lid and ensuring that cartridge structures in the magazine columns to move towards the disc structure; a bearing housing located right at the middle of the magazine columns on the end of magazine body to which the magazine lid is mounted, ensuring that the magazine lid can be mounted on the magazine body and formed as a gap into which a central bearing can be tightly seated; an engagement gap located right at the middle of the magazine columns on the end of magazine body that faces to the disc structure, ensuring that the magazine body can be mounted on the magazine disc and formed as a gap into which a pin structure can be positioned; three spring taps each one of which is contained in the magazine columns, positioned on the end portions, that face the disc structure, of the magazine springs inside the magazine columns, able to move within the magazine columns depending on the movements of the magazine springs and assisting in pushing the cartridge structures inside the magazine columns towards the disc structure by the magazine springs; a central bearing which is structured to be fully fitted into a bearing gap that is right on the middle point of the magazine lid, and wherein its one end passing through the bearing gap fully fits into the bearing housing, and which ensures that the magazine lid is mounted on the magazine body. 3. The disc structure of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
an assembly gap which is positioned on the barrel housing that is on the upper of the disc structure and formed as a gap on which a mechanism rail that aligns mechanism of the firearm structure with the barrel can be fully fitted; a main cartridge gap which is positioned right under the barrel housing, which is formed as a round hole large enough for a cartridge to pass through, which fully fits to the magazine column, that keeps the cartridge to be fired, of the magazine structure on the upper part, and which provides a proper operation for the firearm mechanism by allowing the cartridge to be loaded from the magazine structure into the barrel for shooting to pass there-through; two extra cartridge gaps which is positioned side to side at the lower part of the disc structure, and formed as symmetrical round holes large enough for cartridges to pass through them, and which fully fit to the two magazine columns in which cartridges not yet to be fired are stored on the lower part of the magazine structure, and which have mutually positioned symmetrical cornered gaps for fully covering movement areas of inclined protrusions on their edges close to each other in order not to prevent the movements of the inclined protrusions, and which ensures that the magazine structure can realize cartridge loading unloading processes; a pin housing which is positioned right middle of the extra cartridge gaps having equidistant to each other at the lower part of the disc structure and the main cartridge gap structure, and which ensures that the disc structure and the magazine structure are mounted to each other via the pin structure positioned therein, and which fully fits on the engagement gap on the rear end of the magazine structure and which is formed as a gap in which the pin structure can be positioned. 4. The cartridge catch of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
a centering housing which is formed as a cylindrical gap, and which is positioned in a point on middle section of the cartridge catch such that its centerline extends in vertical direction, and which allows the positioning of the cartridge catch structure on the firearm body by means of a fastener positioned therein; an inclined protrusion which is positioned on end portions, facing the disc structure, of the cartridge catches that is positioned behind the extra cartridge gaps, which is in outwardly protruded form in a manner to be outwardly from the firearm body on horizontal axis and which prevents cartridge structures located in the extra cartridge gaps to move out by means of a force applied on the cartridge catch by a retainer spring positioned to a point farther from the centering housing with regard to itself in a manner to correspond to outer surface of the cartridge catch; a button which is positioned to a point on the cartridge catch to be between the centering housing and the inclined protrusion structure, and which is a fair amount protruded to be outwardly from the firearm body and which assists in unloading cartridge structures located in the extra cartridge gaps; an inhibitor which is located at end, facing rear side of the firearm body, of the cartridge catch, and which is a fair amount protruded to be outwardly from the firearm body and which prevents each cartridge structure unloaded during unloading process of cartridge structures located in the extra cartridge gaps to fly away by stopping them when they pop out. 5. The locking latch of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components:
a latch assembly hole formed as a cylindrical gap, located at lower end of the locking latch with respect to ground plane, and ensuring that the locking latch is mounted on the trigger guard via a locking pin placed therein; a spring gap which is located right above the latch assembly hole, and which assists the stabilizer structure to be secured in a certain position by making locking extractor to be fitted on the respective locking housing by means of a locking spring placed on a gap of it. | 3,600 |
342,912 | 16,642,606 | 3,641 | The present disclosure discloses an electrostatic protection circuit, an array substrate and a display device. In an actual application, a first electrostatic discharge end and a second electrostatic discharge end in the electrostatic protection circuit are respectively coupled with electrostatic protection lines such as a common electrode line, a high-potential reference voltage line and a low potential reference voltage line; a signal line connecting end is coupled with signal lines such as a gate line and a data line; and when the voltage generated by the electrostatic charges accumulated on the signal lines is too large or too small the signal lines and the electrostatic protection lines can be conducted through transistors in the first electrostatic discharge circuit or in the second electrostatic discharge circuit, so that effective electrostatic discharge of the signal lines in a product can be realized without influencing the realization of normal functions of the product. | 1. An electrostatic protection circuit, including:
a first electrostatic discharge end, a second electrostatic discharge end and a signal line connecting end; a first discharge sub-circuit coupled between the first electrostatic discharge end and the signal line connecting end; and a second discharge sub-circuit coupled between the second electrostatic discharge end and the signal line connecting end; wherein each of the first discharge sub-circuit and the second discharge sub-circuit comprises at least one transistor, and gates of all transistors comprised in the first discharge sub-circuit and the second discharge sub-circuit are not coupled with any one of the first electrostatic discharge end, the second electrostatic discharge end and the signal line connecting end. 2. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first discharge sub-circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, a source electrode of the first transistor is coupled with the first electrostatic discharge end, a source electrode of the second transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, and a drain electrode of the first transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the second transistor to form a first common drain electrode. 3. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 2, wherein a gate of the first transistor and a gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode; or
the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is floating; or the gate of the first transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode and the gate of the second transistor is floating; or the gate of the first transistor is floating, and the gate of the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the first transistor is floating, and the gate of the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, the second transistor is an N-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the first transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the second transistor. 8. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the first transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode and the gate of the second transistor is floating, the first transistor is an N-type transistor, the second transistor is a P-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line. 9. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is floating, or in a case that the gate of the first transistor is floating, and the gate of the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, the first transistor is an N-type transistor, the second transistor is an N-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line. 10. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode and the gate of the second transistor is floating, the first transistor is a P-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the second transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the first transistor. 11. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the second discharge sub-circuit comprises a third transistor and a fourth transistor, a source electrode of the third transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, a source electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second electrostatic discharge end, and a drain electrode of the third transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the fourth transistor to form a second common drain electrode. 12. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 11, wherein a gate of the third transistor and a gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode; or
the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or the gate of the third transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the fourth transistor is floating; or the gate of the third transistor is floating and the gate of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is floating and the gate of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode, the fourth transistor is an N-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the third transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the fourth transistor. 17. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is floating and the gate of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode, the third transistor is an N-type transistor, the fourth transistor is a P-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line. 18. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the fourth transistor is floating, the third transistor is a P-type transistor, the fourth transistor is a P-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line. 19. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the fourth transistor is floating, the third transistor is a P-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the fourth transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the third transistor. 20. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the transistors with higher ion doping concentration are the N-type transistors or the P-type transistors, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line. 21. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first discharge sub-circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, a source electrode of the first transistor is coupled with the first electrostatic discharge end, a source electrode of the second transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, and a drain electrode of the first transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the second transistor to form a first common drain electrode;
the second discharge sub-circuit comprises a third transistor and a fourth transistor, a source electrode of the third transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, a source electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second electrostatic discharge end, and a drain electrode of the third transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the fourth transistor to form a second common drain electrode. 22. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 21, wherein a gate of the first transistor and a gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode, and a gate of the third transistor and a gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode; or
the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is floating, and the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or a gate of one of the first transistor and the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, and a gate of other transistor is floating; a gate of one of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is floating, and a gate of other transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode; or the gate of one of the first transistor and the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, and the gate of the other transistor is floating; the gates of the third transistor and the fourth transistor both are coupled with the second common drain electrode; or the gates of the first transistor and the second transistor both are coupled with the first common drain electrode, and the gate of one of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the other transistor is floating. 23. An array substrate, comprising a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the display area comprising signal lines, and the non-display area comprising electrostatic protection lines, wherein the non-display area further comprises the electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein
the signal line connecting end of the electrostatic protection circuit is coupled with the signal lines; and the first electrostatic discharge end and the second electrostatic discharge end of the electrostatic protection circuit are both coupled with the electrostatic protection lines. 24. The array substrate of claim 23, wherein the array substrate comprises a substrate and further comprises a buffer layer, a semiconductor layer, a gate insulating layer, a first metal layer, an interlayer insulating layer, a second metal layer, a passivation layer and a planarization layer stacked on the substrate in that order, wherein
the semiconductor layer comprises active layers of respective transistors, the first metal layer comprises gates of respective transistors, and the second metal layer comprises source electrodes and drain electrodes of respective transistors; the first common drain electrode or the second common drain electrode is coupled with a corresponding gate through a via hole running through the interlayer insulating layer, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively coupled with a corresponding active layer through via holes running through the interlayer insulating layer and the gate insulating layer. 25. The array substrate of claim 24, wherein active layers of all the transistors are integrally structured and each transistor is a polycrystalline silicon transistor. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. A display device, wherein the display device comprises the array substrate of claim 23. | The present disclosure discloses an electrostatic protection circuit, an array substrate and a display device. In an actual application, a first electrostatic discharge end and a second electrostatic discharge end in the electrostatic protection circuit are respectively coupled with electrostatic protection lines such as a common electrode line, a high-potential reference voltage line and a low potential reference voltage line; a signal line connecting end is coupled with signal lines such as a gate line and a data line; and when the voltage generated by the electrostatic charges accumulated on the signal lines is too large or too small the signal lines and the electrostatic protection lines can be conducted through transistors in the first electrostatic discharge circuit or in the second electrostatic discharge circuit, so that effective electrostatic discharge of the signal lines in a product can be realized without influencing the realization of normal functions of the product.1. An electrostatic protection circuit, including:
a first electrostatic discharge end, a second electrostatic discharge end and a signal line connecting end; a first discharge sub-circuit coupled between the first electrostatic discharge end and the signal line connecting end; and a second discharge sub-circuit coupled between the second electrostatic discharge end and the signal line connecting end; wherein each of the first discharge sub-circuit and the second discharge sub-circuit comprises at least one transistor, and gates of all transistors comprised in the first discharge sub-circuit and the second discharge sub-circuit are not coupled with any one of the first electrostatic discharge end, the second electrostatic discharge end and the signal line connecting end. 2. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first discharge sub-circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, a source electrode of the first transistor is coupled with the first electrostatic discharge end, a source electrode of the second transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, and a drain electrode of the first transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the second transistor to form a first common drain electrode. 3. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 2, wherein a gate of the first transistor and a gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode; or
the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is floating; or the gate of the first transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode and the gate of the second transistor is floating; or the gate of the first transistor is floating, and the gate of the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the first transistor is floating, and the gate of the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, the second transistor is an N-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the first transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the second transistor. 8. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the first transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode and the gate of the second transistor is floating, the first transistor is an N-type transistor, the second transistor is a P-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line. 9. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is floating, or in a case that the gate of the first transistor is floating, and the gate of the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, the first transistor is an N-type transistor, the second transistor is an N-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line. 10. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 3, wherein in a case that the gate of the first transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode and the gate of the second transistor is floating, the first transistor is a P-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the second transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the first transistor. 11. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the second discharge sub-circuit comprises a third transistor and a fourth transistor, a source electrode of the third transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, a source electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second electrostatic discharge end, and a drain electrode of the third transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the fourth transistor to form a second common drain electrode. 12. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 11, wherein a gate of the third transistor and a gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode; or
the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or the gate of the third transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the fourth transistor is floating; or the gate of the third transistor is floating and the gate of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is floating and the gate of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode, the fourth transistor is an N-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the third transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the fourth transistor. 17. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode, or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is floating and the gate of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode, the third transistor is an N-type transistor, the fourth transistor is a P-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line. 18. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the fourth transistor is floating, the third transistor is a P-type transistor, the fourth transistor is a P-type transistor, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line. 19. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 12, wherein in a case that the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or in a case that the gate of the third transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the fourth transistor is floating, the third transistor is a P-type transistor, and ion doping concentration of an active layer of the fourth transistor is greater than ion doping concentration of an active layer of the third transistor. 20. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the transistors with higher ion doping concentration are the N-type transistors or the P-type transistors, the first electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a low potential reference voltage line, and the second electrostatic discharge end is coupled with a high potential reference voltage line. 21. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first discharge sub-circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, a source electrode of the first transistor is coupled with the first electrostatic discharge end, a source electrode of the second transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, and a drain electrode of the first transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the second transistor to form a first common drain electrode;
the second discharge sub-circuit comprises a third transistor and a fourth transistor, a source electrode of the third transistor is coupled with the signal line connecting end, a source electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled with the second electrostatic discharge end, and a drain electrode of the third transistor is connected in series with a drain electrode of the fourth transistor to form a second common drain electrode. 22. The electrostatic protection circuit of claim 21, wherein a gate of the first transistor and a gate of the second transistor each is coupled with the first common drain electrode, and a gate of the third transistor and a gate of the fourth transistor each is coupled with the second common drain electrode; or
the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor each is floating, and the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor each is floating; or a gate of one of the first transistor and the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, and a gate of other transistor is floating; a gate of one of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is floating, and a gate of other transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode; or the gate of one of the first transistor and the second transistor is coupled with the first common drain electrode, and the gate of the other transistor is floating; the gates of the third transistor and the fourth transistor both are coupled with the second common drain electrode; or the gates of the first transistor and the second transistor both are coupled with the first common drain electrode, and the gate of one of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is coupled with the second common drain electrode and the gate of the other transistor is floating. 23. An array substrate, comprising a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the display area comprising signal lines, and the non-display area comprising electrostatic protection lines, wherein the non-display area further comprises the electrostatic protection circuit of claim 1, wherein
the signal line connecting end of the electrostatic protection circuit is coupled with the signal lines; and the first electrostatic discharge end and the second electrostatic discharge end of the electrostatic protection circuit are both coupled with the electrostatic protection lines. 24. The array substrate of claim 23, wherein the array substrate comprises a substrate and further comprises a buffer layer, a semiconductor layer, a gate insulating layer, a first metal layer, an interlayer insulating layer, a second metal layer, a passivation layer and a planarization layer stacked on the substrate in that order, wherein
the semiconductor layer comprises active layers of respective transistors, the first metal layer comprises gates of respective transistors, and the second metal layer comprises source electrodes and drain electrodes of respective transistors; the first common drain electrode or the second common drain electrode is coupled with a corresponding gate through a via hole running through the interlayer insulating layer, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively coupled with a corresponding active layer through via holes running through the interlayer insulating layer and the gate insulating layer. 25. The array substrate of claim 24, wherein active layers of all the transistors are integrally structured and each transistor is a polycrystalline silicon transistor. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. A display device, wherein the display device comprises the array substrate of claim 23. | 3,600 |
342,913 | 16,642,630 | 3,641 | Provided is a steel sheet having excellent image clarity after painting, including: carbon (C): 0.001% to 0.03%, silicon (Si): 0.001% to 0.35%,manganese (Mn): 0.05% to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.003% to 0.1%, sulfur (S): 0.001% or 0.025%, aluminum (Al): 0.01%to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.007%, and a remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities. The microstructure of the steel sheet mainly is ferrite phases. An R-cube texture of a surface layer of the steel sheet is 5% or less by area %. | 1. A steel sheet having excellent image clarity after painting, comprising, by wt %:
carbon (C): 0.001% to 0.03%, silicon (Si): 0.001% to 0.35%, manganese (Mn): 0.05% to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.003% to 0.1%, sulfur (S): 0.001% or 0.025%, aluminum (Al): 0.01%to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.007%, and a remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein a microstructure of the steel sheet mainly consists of ferrite phases, and an R-cube texture of a surface layer of the steel sheet is 5% or less by area %. 2. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the steel sheet comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium (Nb): 0.005% to 0.03% and titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.10%. 3. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein an average grain size of the steel sheet surface layer is 30 μm or less. 4. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein an average deviation of the grain of the steel sheet surface layer is 8 or less. 5. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein, on the surface layer, a ratio of an area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 10 μm or less to an area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 30 μm or more (area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 10 μm or less to area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 30 μm or more) is 0.5 or above. 6. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein, on the surface layer, an area fraction of a grain having an aspect ratio of 0.3 or less accounts for 15% or less. 7. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the steel sheet comprises 95% or more of the ferrite phases by area %. 8. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the steel sheet further comprises a coating layer on a surface,
wherein the coating layer is one of an Al-based coating layer, a Zn-based coating layer and a Zn—Al—Mg alloy-based coating layer. 9. A method for manufacturing a steel sheet having excellent image clarity after painting, comprising:
heating a slab comprising, by wt %: carbon (C): 0.001% to 0.03%, silicon (Si): 0.001% to 0.35%, manganese (Mn): 0.5% to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.003% to 0.1%, sulfur (S): 0.001% or 0.025%, aluminum (Al): 0.01% to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.007%, and a remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities; hot-rolling the heated slab to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet; coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet; and cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet, wherein rolling oil is sprayed at a rate of 400 cc/min to 1000 cc/min during the hot-rolling. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the steel slab comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium (Nb): 0.005% to 0.03% and titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.10%. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the heating is performed for 100 min to 300 min at a temperature range of 1100° C. to 1300° C. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein a cooling is performed at a rate of 10° C./sec to 100° C./sec after the hot-rolling. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the coiling is performed at a temperature range of 500° C. to 750° C./sec after the hot-rolling. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the cold-rolling is performed at a reduction rate of 60% to 90%. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising forming a coating layer after the cold-rolling,
wherein the coating layer is one of an Al-based coating layer, a Zn-based coating layer and a Zn—Al—Mg alloy-based coating layer. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the coating layer formation is performed by any one method of electroplating, hot dip plating and vacuum deposition. | Provided is a steel sheet having excellent image clarity after painting, including: carbon (C): 0.001% to 0.03%, silicon (Si): 0.001% to 0.35%,manganese (Mn): 0.05% to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.003% to 0.1%, sulfur (S): 0.001% or 0.025%, aluminum (Al): 0.01%to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.007%, and a remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities. The microstructure of the steel sheet mainly is ferrite phases. An R-cube texture of a surface layer of the steel sheet is 5% or less by area %.1. A steel sheet having excellent image clarity after painting, comprising, by wt %:
carbon (C): 0.001% to 0.03%, silicon (Si): 0.001% to 0.35%, manganese (Mn): 0.05% to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.003% to 0.1%, sulfur (S): 0.001% or 0.025%, aluminum (Al): 0.01%to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.007%, and a remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein a microstructure of the steel sheet mainly consists of ferrite phases, and an R-cube texture of a surface layer of the steel sheet is 5% or less by area %. 2. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the steel sheet comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium (Nb): 0.005% to 0.03% and titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.10%. 3. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein an average grain size of the steel sheet surface layer is 30 μm or less. 4. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein an average deviation of the grain of the steel sheet surface layer is 8 or less. 5. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein, on the surface layer, a ratio of an area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 10 μm or less to an area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 30 μm or more (area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 10 μm or less to area fraction of a grain having a grain size of 30 μm or more) is 0.5 or above. 6. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein, on the surface layer, an area fraction of a grain having an aspect ratio of 0.3 or less accounts for 15% or less. 7. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the steel sheet comprises 95% or more of the ferrite phases by area %. 8. The steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the steel sheet further comprises a coating layer on a surface,
wherein the coating layer is one of an Al-based coating layer, a Zn-based coating layer and a Zn—Al—Mg alloy-based coating layer. 9. A method for manufacturing a steel sheet having excellent image clarity after painting, comprising:
heating a slab comprising, by wt %: carbon (C): 0.001% to 0.03%, silicon (Si): 0.001% to 0.35%, manganese (Mn): 0.5% to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.003% to 0.1%, sulfur (S): 0.001% or 0.025%, aluminum (Al): 0.01% to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.007%, and a remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities; hot-rolling the heated slab to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet; coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet; and cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet, wherein rolling oil is sprayed at a rate of 400 cc/min to 1000 cc/min during the hot-rolling. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the steel slab comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium (Nb): 0.005% to 0.03% and titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.10%. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the heating is performed for 100 min to 300 min at a temperature range of 1100° C. to 1300° C. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein a cooling is performed at a rate of 10° C./sec to 100° C./sec after the hot-rolling. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the coiling is performed at a temperature range of 500° C. to 750° C./sec after the hot-rolling. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the cold-rolling is performed at a reduction rate of 60% to 90%. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising forming a coating layer after the cold-rolling,
wherein the coating layer is one of an Al-based coating layer, a Zn-based coating layer and a Zn—Al—Mg alloy-based coating layer. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the coating layer formation is performed by any one method of electroplating, hot dip plating and vacuum deposition. | 3,600 |
342,914 | 16,642,656 | 3,641 | Provided are nutritional compositions having a decreased protein content. Further disclosed are nutritional composition having a protein or protein equivalent source that includes intact protein, beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate, and/or amino acids. The nutritional compositions disclosed are suitable for administration to pediatric subjects, such as infants. | 1. A low-protein nutritional composition comprising:
a carbohydrate source; a fat or lipid source; and a protein or protein equivalent source, wherein the protein or protein equivalent source is present in an amount of from about 1 g/100 kcal to about 3 g/100 kcal and wherein the protein source comprises beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate from 0.5% to 30% of the total protein content. 2. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the protein source further comprises intact protein. 3. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the protein source further comprises amino acids. 4. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises a probiotic. 5. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises a prebiotic. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises one or more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. 7. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 6, wherein the one or more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids comprises docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and combinations thereof 8. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises β-glucan. 9. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises a culture supernatant from a late-exponential growth phase of a probiotic batch-cultivation process. 10. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition is an infant formula. 11. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition is a preterm infant formula. 12. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the carbohydrate source is present in an amount of from about 6 g/100 kcal to about 22 g/100 kcal. 13. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the fat or lipid source is present in an amount of from about 1 g/100 kcal to about 10 g/100 kcal. 14. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 2, wherein the protein source further comprises amino acids. 15. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate is present in the low-protein nutritional composition in an amount of from about 0.042 g/100 Kcal to about 2.5 g/100 Kcal of the low-protein nutritional composition. 16. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate provides about 25% to about 60% of the total peptides in the low-protein nutritional composition. 17. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 3, wherein the amino acids comprise essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and combinations thereof. 18. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 3, wherein the amino acids are present in an amount of from about 2% to 5% of the total protein present in the low-protein nutritional composition. 19. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 4, wherein the probiotic comprises Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Bifidobacterium longum AH1206, Bifidobacterium breve AH1205, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 or any combination thereof. 20. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 5, wherein the prebiotic comprises polydextrose, galacto-oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof. | Provided are nutritional compositions having a decreased protein content. Further disclosed are nutritional composition having a protein or protein equivalent source that includes intact protein, beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate, and/or amino acids. The nutritional compositions disclosed are suitable for administration to pediatric subjects, such as infants.1. A low-protein nutritional composition comprising:
a carbohydrate source; a fat or lipid source; and a protein or protein equivalent source, wherein the protein or protein equivalent source is present in an amount of from about 1 g/100 kcal to about 3 g/100 kcal and wherein the protein source comprises beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate from 0.5% to 30% of the total protein content. 2. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the protein source further comprises intact protein. 3. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the protein source further comprises amino acids. 4. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises a probiotic. 5. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises a prebiotic. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises one or more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. 7. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 6, wherein the one or more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids comprises docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and combinations thereof 8. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises β-glucan. 9. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition further comprises a culture supernatant from a late-exponential growth phase of a probiotic batch-cultivation process. 10. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition is an infant formula. 11. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the low-protein nutritional composition is a preterm infant formula. 12. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the carbohydrate source is present in an amount of from about 6 g/100 kcal to about 22 g/100 kcal. 13. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the fat or lipid source is present in an amount of from about 1 g/100 kcal to about 10 g/100 kcal. 14. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 2, wherein the protein source further comprises amino acids. 15. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate is present in the low-protein nutritional composition in an amount of from about 0.042 g/100 Kcal to about 2.5 g/100 Kcal of the low-protein nutritional composition. 16. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 1, wherein the beta-casein enriched casein hydrolysate provides about 25% to about 60% of the total peptides in the low-protein nutritional composition. 17. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 3, wherein the amino acids comprise essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and combinations thereof. 18. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 3, wherein the amino acids are present in an amount of from about 2% to 5% of the total protein present in the low-protein nutritional composition. 19. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 4, wherein the probiotic comprises Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Bifidobacterium longum AH1206, Bifidobacterium breve AH1205, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 or any combination thereof. 20. The low-protein nutritional composition of claim 5, wherein the prebiotic comprises polydextrose, galacto-oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof. | 3,600 |
342,915 | 16,642,658 | 3,641 | A method for operating a network entity (gNB) for a cellular radio access network (RCN) is proposed, the method comprising: determining at least one downlink radio condition of the cellular radio access network (RCN); determining user equipments subscribing to a content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2), wherein the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2) is associated with at least one flow property; mapping the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2) to at least one radio bearer in dependence on the at least one downlink radio condition and in dependence on the at least one flow property; receiving the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2); and transmitting the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2) according to the determined at least one mapping to the subscribing user equipments. | 1. A method for operating a network entity for a cellular radio access network, the method comprising:
determining at least one downlink radio condition of the cellular radio access network (RCN); determining user equipments subscribing to a content flow, wherein the content flow is associated with at least one flow property; mapping the content flow to at least one radio bearer in dependence on the at least one downlink radio condition and in dependence on the at least one flow property; receiving the content flow; and transmitting the content flow according to the determined at least one mapping to the subscribing user equipments. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mapping comprises:
selecting a unicast mapping of the content flow to a plurality of unicast bearers between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition permits the operation of the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the unicast mapping, or selecting a multicast mapping of the content flow to a multicast bearer between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition constrains the operation of the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the unicast mapping. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mapping comprises:
selecting the multicast mapping of the content flow to the multicast bearer between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition permits the operation of the multicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the multicast mapping, or selecting the unicast mapping of the content flow to the plurality of unicast bearers between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition constrains the operation of the multicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the multicast mapping. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
selecting a multicast mapping of the content flow to a multicast bearer between the network entity and a first group of the subscribing user equipments and a unicast mapping of the content flow to a plurality of unicast bearers between the network entity and a second group of the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition permits the simultaneous operation of the multicast and the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the simultaneous operation, or selecting the multicast mapping of the content flow to the multicast bearer between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition constrains the simultaneous operation of the multicast and the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the simultaneous operation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radio condition comprises at least one of the following:
high/low radio load, a number of available downlink radio resources, a capability indication from the respective user equipment. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the downlink radio condition comprises a plurality of downlink radio measurements, the method further comprising:
transmitting from an antenna array a temporal sequence of control signal beams, wherein the control signal beams radiate from the antenna array in a set of distinct directional patterns, wherein each transmitted control signal beam contains a beam index; receiving the downlink radio measurements from a plurality of user equipments, wherein each of the received downlink radio measurements comprises the respective beam index of a control signal beam and a corresponding received signal strength. 7. The method according to claim 6, the method comprising
determining a plurality of downlink signal beams to the subscribing user equipments with a respective minimum signal strength; determining the multicast mapping comprising the plurality of downlink signal beams; and transmitting the content flow according to the determined multicast mapping to the subscribing user equipments. 8. The method according to claim 6, the method comprising
determining a respective downlink signal beam to the subscribing user equipments with a maximum signal strength; determining the respective unicast mapping comprising the respective downlink signal beam with the maximum signal strength; and transmitting the unicast content flow according to the determined unicast mappings to the subscribing user equipments. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the unicast bearers differ at least pairwise in a radio numerology. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow property comprises at least one of the following: a flow priority, a flow reliability, a data rate, a latency constraint, a QoS class identifier, a QFI value, and a 5 QI value. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the downlink radio condition comprises a plurality of downlink radio resources available for the at least one mapping. 12. The method according to claim 1, the method comprising:
aggregating downlink radio conditions from a plurality of sub-entities; and mapping the content flow to the at least one radio bearer in dependence on the aggregated downlink radio conditions and in dependence on the at least one flow property; providing the determined mapping to the sub-entities; and receiving the content flow at the sub-entity; and transmitting the content flow according to the determined at least one mapping from the respective sub-entity to at least a group of the subscribing user equipments. 13. A network entity for a cellular radio access network, wherein the network entity comprises at least a processor, a memory, and a radio module, and wherein the network entity is configured to:
determine at least one downlink radio condition of the cellular radio access network; determine user equipments subscribing to a content flow wherein the content flow is associated with at least one flow property; map the content flow to at least one radio bearer in dependence on the at least one downlink radio condition and in dependence on the at least one flow property; receive the content flow; and transmit the content flow according to the determined at least one mapping to the subscribing user equipments. | A method for operating a network entity (gNB) for a cellular radio access network (RCN) is proposed, the method comprising: determining at least one downlink radio condition of the cellular radio access network (RCN); determining user equipments subscribing to a content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2), wherein the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2) is associated with at least one flow property; mapping the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2) to at least one radio bearer in dependence on the at least one downlink radio condition and in dependence on the at least one flow property; receiving the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2); and transmitting the content flow (HPF-1; HPF-2; LPF-1; LPF-2) according to the determined at least one mapping to the subscribing user equipments.1. A method for operating a network entity for a cellular radio access network, the method comprising:
determining at least one downlink radio condition of the cellular radio access network (RCN); determining user equipments subscribing to a content flow, wherein the content flow is associated with at least one flow property; mapping the content flow to at least one radio bearer in dependence on the at least one downlink radio condition and in dependence on the at least one flow property; receiving the content flow; and transmitting the content flow according to the determined at least one mapping to the subscribing user equipments. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mapping comprises:
selecting a unicast mapping of the content flow to a plurality of unicast bearers between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition permits the operation of the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the unicast mapping, or selecting a multicast mapping of the content flow to a multicast bearer between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition constrains the operation of the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the unicast mapping. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mapping comprises:
selecting the multicast mapping of the content flow to the multicast bearer between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition permits the operation of the multicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the multicast mapping, or selecting the unicast mapping of the content flow to the plurality of unicast bearers between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition constrains the operation of the multicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the use of the multicast mapping. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
selecting a multicast mapping of the content flow to a multicast bearer between the network entity and a first group of the subscribing user equipments and a unicast mapping of the content flow to a plurality of unicast bearers between the network entity and a second group of the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition permits the simultaneous operation of the multicast and the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the simultaneous operation, or selecting the multicast mapping of the content flow to the multicast bearer between the network entity and the subscribing user equipments if the downlink radio condition constrains the simultaneous operation of the multicast and the unicast mapping and if the flow property indicates the simultaneous operation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radio condition comprises at least one of the following:
high/low radio load, a number of available downlink radio resources, a capability indication from the respective user equipment. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the downlink radio condition comprises a plurality of downlink radio measurements, the method further comprising:
transmitting from an antenna array a temporal sequence of control signal beams, wherein the control signal beams radiate from the antenna array in a set of distinct directional patterns, wherein each transmitted control signal beam contains a beam index; receiving the downlink radio measurements from a plurality of user equipments, wherein each of the received downlink radio measurements comprises the respective beam index of a control signal beam and a corresponding received signal strength. 7. The method according to claim 6, the method comprising
determining a plurality of downlink signal beams to the subscribing user equipments with a respective minimum signal strength; determining the multicast mapping comprising the plurality of downlink signal beams; and transmitting the content flow according to the determined multicast mapping to the subscribing user equipments. 8. The method according to claim 6, the method comprising
determining a respective downlink signal beam to the subscribing user equipments with a maximum signal strength; determining the respective unicast mapping comprising the respective downlink signal beam with the maximum signal strength; and transmitting the unicast content flow according to the determined unicast mappings to the subscribing user equipments. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the unicast bearers differ at least pairwise in a radio numerology. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow property comprises at least one of the following: a flow priority, a flow reliability, a data rate, a latency constraint, a QoS class identifier, a QFI value, and a 5 QI value. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the downlink radio condition comprises a plurality of downlink radio resources available for the at least one mapping. 12. The method according to claim 1, the method comprising:
aggregating downlink radio conditions from a plurality of sub-entities; and mapping the content flow to the at least one radio bearer in dependence on the aggregated downlink radio conditions and in dependence on the at least one flow property; providing the determined mapping to the sub-entities; and receiving the content flow at the sub-entity; and transmitting the content flow according to the determined at least one mapping from the respective sub-entity to at least a group of the subscribing user equipments. 13. A network entity for a cellular radio access network, wherein the network entity comprises at least a processor, a memory, and a radio module, and wherein the network entity is configured to:
determine at least one downlink radio condition of the cellular radio access network; determine user equipments subscribing to a content flow wherein the content flow is associated with at least one flow property; map the content flow to at least one radio bearer in dependence on the at least one downlink radio condition and in dependence on the at least one flow property; receive the content flow; and transmit the content flow according to the determined at least one mapping to the subscribing user equipments. | 3,600 |
342,916 | 16,642,661 | 3,641 | A reactor is described. The reactor comprises a housing having a reaction space to accommodate a reactant; an outlet pipe connected to a lower part of the reaction space; a rotating shaft disposed in the housing; and a plurality of stirring blades mounted on the rotating shaft. The housing has a lower converging region, and a cross-sectional area of the lower converging region decreases toward the outlet pipe. At least one of the plurality of stirring blades is located in the lower converging region. The outlet pipe includes a first region connected to the lower converging region and a second region extending from the first region in a discharge direction, a cross-sectional area of the first region decreases in a direction from the lower converging region toward the discharge direction, and the second region has a constant cross-sectional area. | 1. A reactor comprising:
a housing having a reaction space to accommodate a reactant; an outlet pipe connected to a lower part of the reaction space; a rotating shaft disposed in the housing; and a plurality of stirring blades mounted on the rotating shaft, wherein the housing has a lower converging region, wherein a cross-sectional area of the lower converging region decreases toward the outlet pipe, wherein at least one of the plurality of stirring blades is located in the lower converging region and wherein the outlet pipe comprises a first region connected to the lower converging region and a second region extending from the first region in a discharge direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the first region decreases in a direction from the lower converging region toward the discharge direction, and wherein the second region has a constant cross-sectional area. 2. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein a maximum diameter of the first region in the outlet pipe is the same as a minimum diameter of the lower converging region. 3. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein a minimum diameter of the first region is the same as a diameter of the second region. 4. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of stirring blades comprises a spiral blade and a paddle-shaped blade. 5. The reactor according to claim 4,
wherein the paddle-shaped blade is located in the lower converging region. 6. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein the reactant is a Bingham fluid. 7. The reactor according to claim 1,
further comprising a pressurizing part for applying pressure to an upper region of the reaction space when the reactant is discharged. 8. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein an inner peripheral surface of the first region and the outlet pipe forms a continuous surface without an intervening step. | A reactor is described. The reactor comprises a housing having a reaction space to accommodate a reactant; an outlet pipe connected to a lower part of the reaction space; a rotating shaft disposed in the housing; and a plurality of stirring blades mounted on the rotating shaft. The housing has a lower converging region, and a cross-sectional area of the lower converging region decreases toward the outlet pipe. At least one of the plurality of stirring blades is located in the lower converging region. The outlet pipe includes a first region connected to the lower converging region and a second region extending from the first region in a discharge direction, a cross-sectional area of the first region decreases in a direction from the lower converging region toward the discharge direction, and the second region has a constant cross-sectional area.1. A reactor comprising:
a housing having a reaction space to accommodate a reactant; an outlet pipe connected to a lower part of the reaction space; a rotating shaft disposed in the housing; and a plurality of stirring blades mounted on the rotating shaft, wherein the housing has a lower converging region, wherein a cross-sectional area of the lower converging region decreases toward the outlet pipe, wherein at least one of the plurality of stirring blades is located in the lower converging region and wherein the outlet pipe comprises a first region connected to the lower converging region and a second region extending from the first region in a discharge direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the first region decreases in a direction from the lower converging region toward the discharge direction, and wherein the second region has a constant cross-sectional area. 2. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein a maximum diameter of the first region in the outlet pipe is the same as a minimum diameter of the lower converging region. 3. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein a minimum diameter of the first region is the same as a diameter of the second region. 4. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of stirring blades comprises a spiral blade and a paddle-shaped blade. 5. The reactor according to claim 4,
wherein the paddle-shaped blade is located in the lower converging region. 6. The reactor according to claim 1,
wherein the reactant is a Bingham fluid. 7. The reactor according to claim 1,
further comprising a pressurizing part for applying pressure to an upper region of the reaction space when the reactant is discharged. 8. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein an inner peripheral surface of the first region and the outlet pipe forms a continuous surface without an intervening step. | 3,600 |
342,917 | 16,642,648 | 3,641 | A plasticizer composition and a resin composition including the plasticizer composition. The resin composition addresses limitations associated with conventional plasticizers by improving various properties such as plasticization efficiency and mechanical properties including migration properties, volatile loss, tensile strength and elongation rate. The plasticizer composition is also capable of improving properties such as elongation retention and cold tolerance. | 1. A plasticizer composition comprising a cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material comprising one or more cyclohexane 1,4-diesters, wherein each of two alkyl groups combined with two ester groups of the one or more cyclohexane 1,4-diester has a carbon number of 8 to 12; and a trimellitate-based material comprising a compound represented by the following Formula 1: 2. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material and the trimellitate-based material is 90:10 to 10:90. 3. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material and the trimellitate-based material is 80:20 to 10:90. 4. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the two alkyl groups combined with the two ester groups of the one or more cyclohexane 1,4-diesters of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material are each independently selected from the group consisting of a 2-ethylhexyl group, an isononyl group and a 2-propylheptyl group. 5. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein R1 to R3 of Formula 1 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a 2-ethylhexyl group, an isononyl group and a 2-propylheptyl group. 6. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material is a mixture of three cyclohexane 1,4-diesters, and
herein one of the three cyclohexane 1,4-diesters is the cyclohexane 1,4-diester having each of two alkyl groups having a carbon number of 8 to 12 combined with two ester groups, and wherein a remaining two of the three cyclohexane 1,4-diesters are different cyclohexane 1,4-diesters. 7. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer composition further comprises an epoxidized oil as a secondary plasticizer. 8. The plasticizer composition according to claim 7, wherein a weight ratio of a mixture of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material and the trimellitate-based material with respect to the epoxidized oil is 90:10 to 50:50. 9. The plasticizer composition according to claim 7, wherein the epoxidized oil comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized castor oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized palm oil, epoxidized stearate, epoxidized oleate, epoxidized tall oil and epoxidized linoleate. 10. A resin composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a resin; and 5 to 150 parts by weight of the plasticizer composition of claim 1. 11. The resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the resin is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyketone, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane and thermoplastic elastomer | A plasticizer composition and a resin composition including the plasticizer composition. The resin composition addresses limitations associated with conventional plasticizers by improving various properties such as plasticization efficiency and mechanical properties including migration properties, volatile loss, tensile strength and elongation rate. The plasticizer composition is also capable of improving properties such as elongation retention and cold tolerance.1. A plasticizer composition comprising a cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material comprising one or more cyclohexane 1,4-diesters, wherein each of two alkyl groups combined with two ester groups of the one or more cyclohexane 1,4-diester has a carbon number of 8 to 12; and a trimellitate-based material comprising a compound represented by the following Formula 1: 2. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material and the trimellitate-based material is 90:10 to 10:90. 3. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material and the trimellitate-based material is 80:20 to 10:90. 4. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the two alkyl groups combined with the two ester groups of the one or more cyclohexane 1,4-diesters of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material are each independently selected from the group consisting of a 2-ethylhexyl group, an isononyl group and a 2-propylheptyl group. 5. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein R1 to R3 of Formula 1 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a 2-ethylhexyl group, an isononyl group and a 2-propylheptyl group. 6. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material is a mixture of three cyclohexane 1,4-diesters, and
herein one of the three cyclohexane 1,4-diesters is the cyclohexane 1,4-diester having each of two alkyl groups having a carbon number of 8 to 12 combined with two ester groups, and wherein a remaining two of the three cyclohexane 1,4-diesters are different cyclohexane 1,4-diesters. 7. The plasticizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer composition further comprises an epoxidized oil as a secondary plasticizer. 8. The plasticizer composition according to claim 7, wherein a weight ratio of a mixture of the cyclohexane 1,4-diester-based material and the trimellitate-based material with respect to the epoxidized oil is 90:10 to 50:50. 9. The plasticizer composition according to claim 7, wherein the epoxidized oil comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized castor oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized palm oil, epoxidized stearate, epoxidized oleate, epoxidized tall oil and epoxidized linoleate. 10. A resin composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a resin; and 5 to 150 parts by weight of the plasticizer composition of claim 1. 11. The resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the resin is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyketone, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane and thermoplastic elastomer | 3,600 |
342,918 | 16,642,649 | 3,641 | A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, in particular of colon cancer, and for the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. | 1. A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 2. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1, wherein the infiltration of the tumor by the CD3+ T cells and/or by the macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, is stimulated compared with the infiltration without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist and/or the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor is increased compared to the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist. 3. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the CD3+ T cells are CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells. 4. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 3, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to an increased frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or to an increased ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells. 5. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is infiltrated in its periphery and/or its center, preferably in its center. 6. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is a solid tumor, preferably colon cancer, and the subject to be treated is a human. 7. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the TLR-9 agonist is administered intratumorally or subcutaneously. 8. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one CG dinucleotide is part of a sequence N1N2CGN3N4, wherein N1N2 is AA, TT, GG, GT, GA or AT and N3N4 is CT, TT, TG or GG and C is deoxycytidine, G is deoxyguanosine, A is deoxyadenosine, and T is deoxythymidine. 9. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises at least three CG dinucleotides. 10. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide is single-stranded and/or partially or completely double-stranded. 11. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims having the sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 5 to SEQ ID NO: 14, preferably of SEQ ID NO: 5. 12. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject to be treated has previously received and/or subsequently receives another cancer treatment, preferably a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor. 13. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to a conversion of a cold tumor into a hot tumor. 14. A TLR-9 agonist for converting a cold tumor into a hot tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 15. A method for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor comprising administering a TLR-9 agonist to a patient in need thereof, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 16. Use of a TLR-9 agonist for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 17. Composition comprising a TLR-9 agonist and a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 1 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml, preferably 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml, of a TLR-9 agonist comprising at least one nucleotide in L-configuration in glucose in a salt solution. | A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, in particular of colon cancer, and for the modulation of the tumor microenvironment.1. A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 2. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1, wherein the infiltration of the tumor by the CD3+ T cells and/or by the macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, is stimulated compared with the infiltration without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist and/or the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor is increased compared to the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist. 3. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the CD3+ T cells are CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells. 4. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 3, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to an increased frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or to an increased ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells. 5. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is infiltrated in its periphery and/or its center, preferably in its center. 6. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is a solid tumor, preferably colon cancer, and the subject to be treated is a human. 7. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the TLR-9 agonist is administered intratumorally or subcutaneously. 8. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one CG dinucleotide is part of a sequence N1N2CGN3N4, wherein N1N2 is AA, TT, GG, GT, GA or AT and N3N4 is CT, TT, TG or GG and C is deoxycytidine, G is deoxyguanosine, A is deoxyadenosine, and T is deoxythymidine. 9. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises at least three CG dinucleotides. 10. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide is single-stranded and/or partially or completely double-stranded. 11. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims having the sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 5 to SEQ ID NO: 14, preferably of SEQ ID NO: 5. 12. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject to be treated has previously received and/or subsequently receives another cancer treatment, preferably a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor. 13. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to a conversion of a cold tumor into a hot tumor. 14. A TLR-9 agonist for converting a cold tumor into a hot tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 15. A method for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor comprising administering a TLR-9 agonist to a patient in need thereof, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 16. Use of a TLR-9 agonist for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 17. Composition comprising a TLR-9 agonist and a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 1 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml, preferably 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml, of a TLR-9 agonist comprising at least one nucleotide in L-configuration in glucose in a salt solution. | 3,600 |
342,919 | 16,642,645 | 3,641 | The present invention relates to a new rifle mechanism that can be used in both rifles and shotguns, has a higher firing power because of components which it comprises and allows rifle structure to be used more efficiently. | 1. A mechanism for firearms, characterized by comprising
a mechanism head positioned exactly at the back of a barrel structure and enabling the mechanism structure to fire, which comprises a firing pin housing on the back surface of facing to opposite side according to the end of the barrel and in a space form in which a firing pin can be positioned, a tether pin housing positioned oppositely on the firing pin housing on both side surfaces and in a space form in which the tether pin for the firing pin can be positioned, a two extractor housing positioned oppositely on side surfaces of end portions facing towards the barrel and in a space form in which an extractor can be positioned, a lock protrusion comprising a protruding structure resembling to a triangle form on the upper surface of end portion facing towards the barrel and fitting exactly in a lock housing on the lower surface of a mechanism rail; a firing pin comprising a tether bearing which is positioned in the firing pin housing on the back surface of a mechanism head such that a pin spring is on the end portion facing forwards, of which thin end facing forwards may stick slightly out of a firing pin cavity on the front surface of the mechanism head, and which is in a half-space form enabling the cartridge ready to be shot in mechanism to fire and in which the tether pin for firing pin can be positioned; an extractor which can be positioned in any one of the extractor housing positioned oppositely on side surfaces of the end of mechanism head facing forwards, which comprises a cartridge holding protrusion in a some protruding form for the purpose of holding the cartridge base on the end portion facing towards the barrel, which comprises a cartridge base space in a some space form positioned so as to grip properly the base of the cartridge structure immediately behind the cartridge holding protrusion, and of which main objective is to eject the empty cartridge case out of barrel; a barrel crown enabling the barrel structure positioned on the space thereunder and push tube-recoil spring tube structures positioned on the space thereon that moves based on the gas to move synchronously, and positioned immediately in front of the magazine disc such that it exists at immediate back of the barrel structure; a push tube which is positioned on the upper portion of the barrel structure such that its back end is in barrel crown, which comprises a cocking handle protrusion in a protruding form that stops cocking handle segment at the end portion facing to the barrel end, which comprises a cocking handle housing in a uniform space form in which the cocking handle can be positioned on side surfaces of the cocking handle protrusion, and which enables the mechanism head to slide backwards by transmitting the movement obtained from a gas piston in a gas chamber to recoil the spring tube; a tube lid of which one end can enter in front end of the push tube structure, which is mounted to the push tube by means of the push tube pin positioned in pin cavities on the end entering in the push tube, and which transmits the movement obtained from the gas piston in the gas chamber to the push tube; a gas chamber which is positioned on the barrel structure such that it is exactly in front of the tube lid, in which powder gas resulted from firing is filled, which comprises a gas piston that enables to initiate the movements that mechanism carries out as a result of movements by the effect of gas filled therein, which comprises a gas hole through which it sucks powder gas at any point in the section of the interior surface taking place on the barrel, and which comprises discharge holes such that there will be at least one on the exterior surface for the purpose of discharging excessive powder gas and powder residues/particles therein. 2. Mechanism structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
a recoil spring tube which is positioned exactly on the mechanism head such that it is between upper edges of a mechanism right cover and a mechanism left cover, which comprises wide tube protrusions positioned symmetrically on the two side surfaces, which comprises four small tube protrusion in total positioned on both edges of wide tube protrusions two side surfaces, which comprises a rod housing in which the guide rod and recoil spring can be positioned at the back end; a mechanism left cover which is positioned on a side of mechanism head such that it is opposite to the mechanism right cover, which is mounted to the mechanism right cover by means of a cover mounting pin positioned in a cover pin housing in the lower section, which comprises two movement holes in a space form such that it constitutes a 35 degree angle according to ground plain in the lower section, which comprises a wide tube housing in a half space form that can be located on the wide tube protrusions on the upper edge, which comprises two small tube housings in a space form positioned on both sides of the wide tube housing on the upper edge section, and which helps the mechanism head with carrying out movements; a mechanism right cover which is positioned on a side of the mechanism head such that it is oppositely with the mechanism left cover, which is mounted to the mechanism left cover by means of the cover mounting pin positioned in a cover pin housing in the lower section, which comprises two movement holes in a space form such that it constitutes a 35 degree angle according to ground plain in the lower section, which comprises a wide tube housing in a half space form that can be located on the wide tube protrusions on the upper edge, which comprises two small tube housings in a space form positioned on both sides of the wide tube housing on the upper edge section, and which helps the mechanism head with carrying out movements; a guide rod which is positioned in rod housing along with the recoil spring positioned thereon, which comprises a spring stopper in a protruding form in the section close to the back end so as to prevent the recoil spring from falling, and which enables to take the location in normal position back by pushing the mechanism that slides backwards from the firearm's back side towards the front side so as to cock the firearm; a pin segment which is positioned in the segment housing at the lower position of the mechanism head, of which two ends are in a spring form, of which said ends exist exactly under the cover mounting pins, and which prevents the cover mounting pins to move in a perpendicular direction according to ground plain. 3. Mechanism structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
a push rail which is positioned exactly on the push tube on which the push spring is positioned, which is comprised of two thin uniform tube structures that are parallel to each other, which is positioned such that it goes through the push rail spaces on the upper section of the tube lid, of which each two ends enters separately in two push rail housings on the barrel crown, and which appoints the movement axis of the push tube by enabling the push tube to move in a parallel direction to the barrel axis; a mechanism rail which is positioned exactly on the mechanism head and exactly under the recoil spring tube, which comprises a lock housing in a space form corresponding to the lock protrusion on the mechanism head on its lower surface, and which locks the mechanism head for the purpose of pushing the bullet fired from the cartridge by the effect of explosion pressure in the course of firing; a magazine disc which is in a structure in which its upper portion can be mounted with the mechanism rail to each other, which is positioned in the back end of the barrel structure, and which enables both the barrel and the mechanism rail to be fastened according to each other by means of mounting it to them. 4. Mechanism head according to claim 1, characterized by comprising;
a segment housing in which the pin segment is positioned and which is in a space form expanding inwards on the lower surface of the mechanism head, two head pin housing which are positioned on its side surfaces such that it is close to low edge of the body of the mechanism head and which are in a space form in which the mechanism mounting pins are positioned, an extractor spring cavity which constitutes the back end of the extractor housing being at the back end of extractor housing and which is a space form in which the extractor spring that moves the extractor structure is positioned, two extractor cavities which is positioned symmetrically on both sides of the lock protrusion on the upper surface of the mechanism head and what are in a cylindrical space form that enables the extractor structure to be positioned in the extractor housing in the mechanism head by means of the extractor pin positioned therein. 5. Tube lid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
two push rail spaces which are positioned symmetrically on both sides of the upper section of tube lid according to each other and which are in a space form in which the push rail structure is positioned from both sides, a pin cavity which is positioned on two opposed edges on the end of the tube lid entering in the push tube, which is in a space form in which the push tube pin enabling the tube lid to be mounted to the push tube can enter and which is in a uniform space form that helps the tube lid and the push tube to be mounted to each other by means of taking place exactly on the push tube holes on the end of the push tube being mounted to the tube lid. 6. (canceled) 7. Extractor according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
an extractor pin housing which is in a space form in which the extractor pin can enter, which exists in the middle of the extractor structure and which helps the extractor structure to be fastened in the extractor housing by means of entrance therein of the extractor pin pushed inwards through the extractor cavity on the mechanism head, a spring protrusion which constitutes the end facing backwards of the extractor structure, which is in a backward protruding form and which allow the extractor structure fastened in the extractor housing to move around the extractor pin by means of the extractor pin thanks to the extractor spring positioned on its interior surface. | The present invention relates to a new rifle mechanism that can be used in both rifles and shotguns, has a higher firing power because of components which it comprises and allows rifle structure to be used more efficiently.1. A mechanism for firearms, characterized by comprising
a mechanism head positioned exactly at the back of a barrel structure and enabling the mechanism structure to fire, which comprises a firing pin housing on the back surface of facing to opposite side according to the end of the barrel and in a space form in which a firing pin can be positioned, a tether pin housing positioned oppositely on the firing pin housing on both side surfaces and in a space form in which the tether pin for the firing pin can be positioned, a two extractor housing positioned oppositely on side surfaces of end portions facing towards the barrel and in a space form in which an extractor can be positioned, a lock protrusion comprising a protruding structure resembling to a triangle form on the upper surface of end portion facing towards the barrel and fitting exactly in a lock housing on the lower surface of a mechanism rail; a firing pin comprising a tether bearing which is positioned in the firing pin housing on the back surface of a mechanism head such that a pin spring is on the end portion facing forwards, of which thin end facing forwards may stick slightly out of a firing pin cavity on the front surface of the mechanism head, and which is in a half-space form enabling the cartridge ready to be shot in mechanism to fire and in which the tether pin for firing pin can be positioned; an extractor which can be positioned in any one of the extractor housing positioned oppositely on side surfaces of the end of mechanism head facing forwards, which comprises a cartridge holding protrusion in a some protruding form for the purpose of holding the cartridge base on the end portion facing towards the barrel, which comprises a cartridge base space in a some space form positioned so as to grip properly the base of the cartridge structure immediately behind the cartridge holding protrusion, and of which main objective is to eject the empty cartridge case out of barrel; a barrel crown enabling the barrel structure positioned on the space thereunder and push tube-recoil spring tube structures positioned on the space thereon that moves based on the gas to move synchronously, and positioned immediately in front of the magazine disc such that it exists at immediate back of the barrel structure; a push tube which is positioned on the upper portion of the barrel structure such that its back end is in barrel crown, which comprises a cocking handle protrusion in a protruding form that stops cocking handle segment at the end portion facing to the barrel end, which comprises a cocking handle housing in a uniform space form in which the cocking handle can be positioned on side surfaces of the cocking handle protrusion, and which enables the mechanism head to slide backwards by transmitting the movement obtained from a gas piston in a gas chamber to recoil the spring tube; a tube lid of which one end can enter in front end of the push tube structure, which is mounted to the push tube by means of the push tube pin positioned in pin cavities on the end entering in the push tube, and which transmits the movement obtained from the gas piston in the gas chamber to the push tube; a gas chamber which is positioned on the barrel structure such that it is exactly in front of the tube lid, in which powder gas resulted from firing is filled, which comprises a gas piston that enables to initiate the movements that mechanism carries out as a result of movements by the effect of gas filled therein, which comprises a gas hole through which it sucks powder gas at any point in the section of the interior surface taking place on the barrel, and which comprises discharge holes such that there will be at least one on the exterior surface for the purpose of discharging excessive powder gas and powder residues/particles therein. 2. Mechanism structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
a recoil spring tube which is positioned exactly on the mechanism head such that it is between upper edges of a mechanism right cover and a mechanism left cover, which comprises wide tube protrusions positioned symmetrically on the two side surfaces, which comprises four small tube protrusion in total positioned on both edges of wide tube protrusions two side surfaces, which comprises a rod housing in which the guide rod and recoil spring can be positioned at the back end; a mechanism left cover which is positioned on a side of mechanism head such that it is opposite to the mechanism right cover, which is mounted to the mechanism right cover by means of a cover mounting pin positioned in a cover pin housing in the lower section, which comprises two movement holes in a space form such that it constitutes a 35 degree angle according to ground plain in the lower section, which comprises a wide tube housing in a half space form that can be located on the wide tube protrusions on the upper edge, which comprises two small tube housings in a space form positioned on both sides of the wide tube housing on the upper edge section, and which helps the mechanism head with carrying out movements; a mechanism right cover which is positioned on a side of the mechanism head such that it is oppositely with the mechanism left cover, which is mounted to the mechanism left cover by means of the cover mounting pin positioned in a cover pin housing in the lower section, which comprises two movement holes in a space form such that it constitutes a 35 degree angle according to ground plain in the lower section, which comprises a wide tube housing in a half space form that can be located on the wide tube protrusions on the upper edge, which comprises two small tube housings in a space form positioned on both sides of the wide tube housing on the upper edge section, and which helps the mechanism head with carrying out movements; a guide rod which is positioned in rod housing along with the recoil spring positioned thereon, which comprises a spring stopper in a protruding form in the section close to the back end so as to prevent the recoil spring from falling, and which enables to take the location in normal position back by pushing the mechanism that slides backwards from the firearm's back side towards the front side so as to cock the firearm; a pin segment which is positioned in the segment housing at the lower position of the mechanism head, of which two ends are in a spring form, of which said ends exist exactly under the cover mounting pins, and which prevents the cover mounting pins to move in a perpendicular direction according to ground plain. 3. Mechanism structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
a push rail which is positioned exactly on the push tube on which the push spring is positioned, which is comprised of two thin uniform tube structures that are parallel to each other, which is positioned such that it goes through the push rail spaces on the upper section of the tube lid, of which each two ends enters separately in two push rail housings on the barrel crown, and which appoints the movement axis of the push tube by enabling the push tube to move in a parallel direction to the barrel axis; a mechanism rail which is positioned exactly on the mechanism head and exactly under the recoil spring tube, which comprises a lock housing in a space form corresponding to the lock protrusion on the mechanism head on its lower surface, and which locks the mechanism head for the purpose of pushing the bullet fired from the cartridge by the effect of explosion pressure in the course of firing; a magazine disc which is in a structure in which its upper portion can be mounted with the mechanism rail to each other, which is positioned in the back end of the barrel structure, and which enables both the barrel and the mechanism rail to be fastened according to each other by means of mounting it to them. 4. Mechanism head according to claim 1, characterized by comprising;
a segment housing in which the pin segment is positioned and which is in a space form expanding inwards on the lower surface of the mechanism head, two head pin housing which are positioned on its side surfaces such that it is close to low edge of the body of the mechanism head and which are in a space form in which the mechanism mounting pins are positioned, an extractor spring cavity which constitutes the back end of the extractor housing being at the back end of extractor housing and which is a space form in which the extractor spring that moves the extractor structure is positioned, two extractor cavities which is positioned symmetrically on both sides of the lock protrusion on the upper surface of the mechanism head and what are in a cylindrical space form that enables the extractor structure to be positioned in the extractor housing in the mechanism head by means of the extractor pin positioned therein. 5. Tube lid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
two push rail spaces which are positioned symmetrically on both sides of the upper section of tube lid according to each other and which are in a space form in which the push rail structure is positioned from both sides, a pin cavity which is positioned on two opposed edges on the end of the tube lid entering in the push tube, which is in a space form in which the push tube pin enabling the tube lid to be mounted to the push tube can enter and which is in a uniform space form that helps the tube lid and the push tube to be mounted to each other by means of taking place exactly on the push tube holes on the end of the push tube being mounted to the tube lid. 6. (canceled) 7. Extractor according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
an extractor pin housing which is in a space form in which the extractor pin can enter, which exists in the middle of the extractor structure and which helps the extractor structure to be fastened in the extractor housing by means of entrance therein of the extractor pin pushed inwards through the extractor cavity on the mechanism head, a spring protrusion which constitutes the end facing backwards of the extractor structure, which is in a backward protruding form and which allow the extractor structure fastened in the extractor housing to move around the extractor pin by means of the extractor pin thanks to the extractor spring positioned on its interior surface. | 3,600 |
342,920 | 16,642,659 | 3,641 | The present invention relates to a holder for mounting a second part on a main structure between car body ends of a rail vehicle, comprising —a first holding structure having a first contact surface, the first holding structure being configured to be attached to a main structure; —a second holding structure having a second contact surface, the second holding structure being configured to be attached to a second part, and the second holding structure further being arranged to be mounted on the first holding structure with one of the first and second contact surfaces resting on the other; —a fastening device for fastening the second holding structure to the first holding structure to form a mounted state, the first and second contact surfaces being pressed against each other in the mounted state, and wherein the first and second contact surfaces in the mounted state each extend at a first angle in relation to a horizontal axis, said first angle (α) being more than 1 degree and less than 30 degrees, and wherein the fastening device (53) extends in a direction parallel to or coinciding with the horizontal axis (A). | 1. Holder for mounting a second part on a main structure between car body ends of a rail vehicle, comprising
a first holding structure (61) having a first contact surface (64), the first holding structure (61) being configured to be attached to a main structure (2); a second holding structure (62) having a second contact surface (65), the second holding structure (62) being configured to be attached to a second part (3), and the second holding structure (62) further being arranged to be mounted on the first holding structure (61) with one of the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) resting on the other; and a fastening device (63) for fastening the second holding structure (62) to the first holding structure (61) to form a mounted state, the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) being pressed against each other in the mounted state, wherein the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) in the mounted state each extend at a first angle (α) in relation to a horizontal axis (A), said first angle (α) being more than 1 degree and less than 30 degrees, and the fastening device (53) extends in a direction parallel to or coinciding with the horizontal axis (A). 2. Holder according to claim 1, wherein a front end of the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) is lower in a vertical direction than a rear end of the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) when the holder is in a mounted state. 3. Holder according to claim 1, wherein said fastening device (63) is arranged to fasten the first and second holding structures (61, 62) to each other by creating a holding force in a first direction (D), said holding force being created by pressing the first and second holding structures (61, 62) against each other, and the horizontal axis (A) is parallel to or coincides with said first direction (D). 4. Holder according to claim 1, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw that is arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 5. Holder according to claim 4, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 6. Holder according to claim 1, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 7. Holder according to claim 1, wherein the holder (6) is configured to mount a support damper on a main buffer of a train coupler, and the main structure (2) is a main buffer and the second part (3) is at least one support damper. 8. Holder according to claim 3, wherein the screw is a sacrificial screw arranged for breaking when subjected to excessive force and thereby releasing the second holding structure (62) from the first holding structure (61) to release the second part (3) from the main structure (2). 9. Holder according to claim 2, wherein said fastening device (63) is arranged to fasten the first and second holding structures (61, 62) to each other by creating a holding force in a first direction (D), said holding force being created by pressing the first and second holding structures (61, 62) against each other, and the horizontal axis (A) is parallel to or coincides with said first direction (D). 10. Holder according to claim 9, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 11. Holder according to claim 3, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 12. Holder according to claim 2, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 13. Holder according to claim 12, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 14. Holder according to claim 11, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 15. Holder according to claim 10, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 16. Holder according to claim 15, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 17. Holder according to claim 14, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 18. Holder according to claim 13, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 19. Holder according to claim 12, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 20. Holder according to claim 11, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. | The present invention relates to a holder for mounting a second part on a main structure between car body ends of a rail vehicle, comprising —a first holding structure having a first contact surface, the first holding structure being configured to be attached to a main structure; —a second holding structure having a second contact surface, the second holding structure being configured to be attached to a second part, and the second holding structure further being arranged to be mounted on the first holding structure with one of the first and second contact surfaces resting on the other; —a fastening device for fastening the second holding structure to the first holding structure to form a mounted state, the first and second contact surfaces being pressed against each other in the mounted state, and wherein the first and second contact surfaces in the mounted state each extend at a first angle in relation to a horizontal axis, said first angle (α) being more than 1 degree and less than 30 degrees, and wherein the fastening device (53) extends in a direction parallel to or coinciding with the horizontal axis (A).1. Holder for mounting a second part on a main structure between car body ends of a rail vehicle, comprising
a first holding structure (61) having a first contact surface (64), the first holding structure (61) being configured to be attached to a main structure (2); a second holding structure (62) having a second contact surface (65), the second holding structure (62) being configured to be attached to a second part (3), and the second holding structure (62) further being arranged to be mounted on the first holding structure (61) with one of the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) resting on the other; and a fastening device (63) for fastening the second holding structure (62) to the first holding structure (61) to form a mounted state, the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) being pressed against each other in the mounted state, wherein the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) in the mounted state each extend at a first angle (α) in relation to a horizontal axis (A), said first angle (α) being more than 1 degree and less than 30 degrees, and the fastening device (53) extends in a direction parallel to or coinciding with the horizontal axis (A). 2. Holder according to claim 1, wherein a front end of the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) is lower in a vertical direction than a rear end of the first and second contact surfaces (64, 65) when the holder is in a mounted state. 3. Holder according to claim 1, wherein said fastening device (63) is arranged to fasten the first and second holding structures (61, 62) to each other by creating a holding force in a first direction (D), said holding force being created by pressing the first and second holding structures (61, 62) against each other, and the horizontal axis (A) is parallel to or coincides with said first direction (D). 4. Holder according to claim 1, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw that is arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 5. Holder according to claim 4, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 6. Holder according to claim 1, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 7. Holder according to claim 1, wherein the holder (6) is configured to mount a support damper on a main buffer of a train coupler, and the main structure (2) is a main buffer and the second part (3) is at least one support damper. 8. Holder according to claim 3, wherein the screw is a sacrificial screw arranged for breaking when subjected to excessive force and thereby releasing the second holding structure (62) from the first holding structure (61) to release the second part (3) from the main structure (2). 9. Holder according to claim 2, wherein said fastening device (63) is arranged to fasten the first and second holding structures (61, 62) to each other by creating a holding force in a first direction (D), said holding force being created by pressing the first and second holding structures (61, 62) against each other, and the horizontal axis (A) is parallel to or coincides with said first direction (D). 10. Holder according to claim 9, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 11. Holder according to claim 3, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 12. Holder according to claim 2, wherein the fastening device (63) comprises a screw arranged to be mounted in a first hole in the first holding structure (61) and a second hole in the second holding structure (62) and the fastening device (63) further comprises a nut, said screw and nut cooperating to create the mounted state by clamping the first and second holding structures (61, 62) together. 13. Holder according to claim 12, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 14. Holder according to claim 11, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 15. Holder according to claim 10, wherein the horizontal axis (A) runs along said screw. 16. Holder according to claim 15, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 17. Holder according to claim 14, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 18. Holder according to claim 13, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 19. Holder according to claim 12, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. 20. Holder according to claim 11, wherein the first angle (α) is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably 4 degrees. | 3,600 |
342,921 | 16,642,643 | 3,641 | The disclosure relates to a transceiver operative to transmit and receive optical signals. The transceiver comprises a laser, a power splitter, a dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator, DP-IQM, a first circulator (C1, C3), a second circulator (C2, C4), a first optical polarization controller, PC, a second optical polarization controller and a dual-polarization coherent receiver, DP-CRx. There is provided a system comprising a first transceiver and a second transceiver as described previously. The transceiver requires neither high speed DSP nor high resolution data converters to achieve 50 Gbaud DP-16 QAM, DP standing for dual polarization and QAM standing for quadrature amplitude modulation, yielding 400 Gb/s over 10 km below the 2.2×10−4 KP4 forward error correction (FEC) threshold. | 1. A transceiver operative to transmit and receive optical signals, comprising:
a laser (45) operative to generate a continuous wavelength; a power splitter operative to receive the continuous wavelength from the laser (45) and to split the continuous wavelength into a first portion and a second portion; a dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator, DP-IQM, (25) operative to receive the first portion of the continuous wavelength from the power splitter and to modulate the first portion of the continuous wavelength according to a modulation format, thereby producing a first modulated signal; a first circulator (C1, C3) operative to receive the first modulated signal from the DP-IQM (25) and to transmit the first modulated signal through a full-duplex fiber; a second circulator (C2, C4) operative to receive the second portion of the continuous wavelength, which is the first unmodulated signal, from the power splitter and to transmit the first unmodulated signal through the full-duplex fiber; the first circulator (C1, C3) being further operative to receive a second unmodulated signal from the full-duplex fiber and the second circulator (C2, C4) being further operative to receive a second modulated signal from the full-duplex fiber; a first optical polarization controller, PC, (10) operative to receive the second unmodulated signal from the first circulator (C1, C3), and to adjust a polarization state of the second unmodulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal; a second optical polarization controller (10) operative to receive the second modulated signal from the second circulator (C2, C4) and to adjust the polarization state of the second modulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted modulated signal; and a dual-polarization coherent receiver, DP-CRx, (50) operative to receive, through a signal port, the polarization state adjusted modulated signal and, through a local oscillator port, the polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal, the DP-CRx performing coherent detection of modulating information and generating four electrical output signals. 2. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DP-CRx (50) comprises a 90° hybrid (35) connected to four balanced photodiodes (55), the 90° hybrid (35) receiving the polarization state adjusted modulated signal and the polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal through the signal port and the local oscillator port respectively, and the four balanced photodiodes (55) operative to output the four electrical output signals. 3. The transceiver of claim 1, further comprising an electrical signal generator (60) generating four electrical input signals for use as input to the DP-IQM (25), the four electrical input signals providing information symbols and further signals for determining a type of modulation to be performed by DP-IQM (25) to produce the first modulated signal. 4. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the four electrical output signals correspond to dual polarization in-phase quadrature signals. 5. The transceiver of claim 1, further comprising a clock and data recovery, CDR, (30) unit receiving the four electrical output signals, the CDR being operative to recover a clock and to perform decisions about which information symbols are received through the optical signal. 6. The transceiver of claim 5, wherein the first and second PC (10) are controlled by a low speed polarization tracking electrical circuit (15) which feeds a sub-clock from the recovered clock at a rate Rs/N, where Rs is the symbol rate and N is greater than 1000 at 50 Gbaud. (Currently Amended) A system comprising:
a first transceiver operative to:
transmit the first modulated signal, generated from a wavelength λ12, through a first fiber of a fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
transmit the first unmodulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ12, through a second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
receive the second unmodulated signal, generated from a wavelength λ21, through the first fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber; and
receive the second modulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ21, through the second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber; and
a second transceiver operative to:
transmit the first unmodulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ21, through the first fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
transmit the first modulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ21, through the second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
receive the second modulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ12, through the first fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber; and
receive the second unmodulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ12, through the second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first and second transceivers comprise:
a laser (45) operative to generate a continuous wavelength; a power splitter operative to receive the continuous wavelength from the laser (45) and to split the continuous wavelength into a first portion and a second portion; a dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator, DP-IQM, (25) operative to receive the first portion of the continuous wavelength from the power splitter and to modulate the first portion of the continuous wavelength according to a modulation format, thereby producing a first modulated signal; a first circulator (C1, C3) operative to receive the first modulated signal from the DP-IQM (25) and to transmit the first modulated signal through a full-duplex fiber; a second circulator (C2, C4) operative to receive the second portion of the continuous wavelength, which is the first unmodulated signal, from the power splitter and to transmit the first unmodulated signal through the full-duplex fiber; the first circulator (C1, C3) being further operative to receive a second unmodulated signal from the full-duplex fiber and the second circulator (C2, C4) being further operative to receive a second modulated signal from the full-duplex fiber; a first optical polarization controller, PC, (10) operative to receive the second unmodulated signal from the first circulator (C1, C3), and to adjust a polarization state of the second unmodulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal; a second optical polarization controller (10) operative to receive the second modulated signal from the second circulator (C2, C4) and to adjust the polarization state of the second modulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted modulated signal; and a dual-polarization coherent receiver, DP-CRx, (50) operative to receive, through a signal port, the polarization state adjusted modulated signal and, through a local oscillator port, the polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal, the DP-CRx performing coherent detection of modulating information and generating four electrical output signals. | The disclosure relates to a transceiver operative to transmit and receive optical signals. The transceiver comprises a laser, a power splitter, a dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator, DP-IQM, a first circulator (C1, C3), a second circulator (C2, C4), a first optical polarization controller, PC, a second optical polarization controller and a dual-polarization coherent receiver, DP-CRx. There is provided a system comprising a first transceiver and a second transceiver as described previously. The transceiver requires neither high speed DSP nor high resolution data converters to achieve 50 Gbaud DP-16 QAM, DP standing for dual polarization and QAM standing for quadrature amplitude modulation, yielding 400 Gb/s over 10 km below the 2.2×10−4 KP4 forward error correction (FEC) threshold.1. A transceiver operative to transmit and receive optical signals, comprising:
a laser (45) operative to generate a continuous wavelength; a power splitter operative to receive the continuous wavelength from the laser (45) and to split the continuous wavelength into a first portion and a second portion; a dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator, DP-IQM, (25) operative to receive the first portion of the continuous wavelength from the power splitter and to modulate the first portion of the continuous wavelength according to a modulation format, thereby producing a first modulated signal; a first circulator (C1, C3) operative to receive the first modulated signal from the DP-IQM (25) and to transmit the first modulated signal through a full-duplex fiber; a second circulator (C2, C4) operative to receive the second portion of the continuous wavelength, which is the first unmodulated signal, from the power splitter and to transmit the first unmodulated signal through the full-duplex fiber; the first circulator (C1, C3) being further operative to receive a second unmodulated signal from the full-duplex fiber and the second circulator (C2, C4) being further operative to receive a second modulated signal from the full-duplex fiber; a first optical polarization controller, PC, (10) operative to receive the second unmodulated signal from the first circulator (C1, C3), and to adjust a polarization state of the second unmodulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal; a second optical polarization controller (10) operative to receive the second modulated signal from the second circulator (C2, C4) and to adjust the polarization state of the second modulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted modulated signal; and a dual-polarization coherent receiver, DP-CRx, (50) operative to receive, through a signal port, the polarization state adjusted modulated signal and, through a local oscillator port, the polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal, the DP-CRx performing coherent detection of modulating information and generating four electrical output signals. 2. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DP-CRx (50) comprises a 90° hybrid (35) connected to four balanced photodiodes (55), the 90° hybrid (35) receiving the polarization state adjusted modulated signal and the polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal through the signal port and the local oscillator port respectively, and the four balanced photodiodes (55) operative to output the four electrical output signals. 3. The transceiver of claim 1, further comprising an electrical signal generator (60) generating four electrical input signals for use as input to the DP-IQM (25), the four electrical input signals providing information symbols and further signals for determining a type of modulation to be performed by DP-IQM (25) to produce the first modulated signal. 4. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the four electrical output signals correspond to dual polarization in-phase quadrature signals. 5. The transceiver of claim 1, further comprising a clock and data recovery, CDR, (30) unit receiving the four electrical output signals, the CDR being operative to recover a clock and to perform decisions about which information symbols are received through the optical signal. 6. The transceiver of claim 5, wherein the first and second PC (10) are controlled by a low speed polarization tracking electrical circuit (15) which feeds a sub-clock from the recovered clock at a rate Rs/N, where Rs is the symbol rate and N is greater than 1000 at 50 Gbaud. (Currently Amended) A system comprising:
a first transceiver operative to:
transmit the first modulated signal, generated from a wavelength λ12, through a first fiber of a fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
transmit the first unmodulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ12, through a second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
receive the second unmodulated signal, generated from a wavelength λ21, through the first fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber; and
receive the second modulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ21, through the second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber; and
a second transceiver operative to:
transmit the first unmodulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ21, through the first fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
transmit the first modulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ21, through the second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber;
receive the second modulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ12, through the first fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber; and
receive the second unmodulated signal, generated from the wavelength λ12, through the second fiber of the fiber pair of the full-duplex fiber. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first and second transceivers comprise:
a laser (45) operative to generate a continuous wavelength; a power splitter operative to receive the continuous wavelength from the laser (45) and to split the continuous wavelength into a first portion and a second portion; a dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator, DP-IQM, (25) operative to receive the first portion of the continuous wavelength from the power splitter and to modulate the first portion of the continuous wavelength according to a modulation format, thereby producing a first modulated signal; a first circulator (C1, C3) operative to receive the first modulated signal from the DP-IQM (25) and to transmit the first modulated signal through a full-duplex fiber; a second circulator (C2, C4) operative to receive the second portion of the continuous wavelength, which is the first unmodulated signal, from the power splitter and to transmit the first unmodulated signal through the full-duplex fiber; the first circulator (C1, C3) being further operative to receive a second unmodulated signal from the full-duplex fiber and the second circulator (C2, C4) being further operative to receive a second modulated signal from the full-duplex fiber; a first optical polarization controller, PC, (10) operative to receive the second unmodulated signal from the first circulator (C1, C3), and to adjust a polarization state of the second unmodulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal; a second optical polarization controller (10) operative to receive the second modulated signal from the second circulator (C2, C4) and to adjust the polarization state of the second modulated signal, thereby producing a polarization state adjusted modulated signal; and a dual-polarization coherent receiver, DP-CRx, (50) operative to receive, through a signal port, the polarization state adjusted modulated signal and, through a local oscillator port, the polarization state adjusted unmodulated signal, the DP-CRx performing coherent detection of modulating information and generating four electrical output signals. | 3,600 |
342,922 | 16,642,618 | 3,641 | Embodiments of a method and/or system (e.g., for nasal-related characterization) can include determining a microorganism dataset associated with a set of subjects; and/or performing a characterization process based on the microorganism dataset, where performing the characterization process can additionally or alternatively include performing a nasal-related characterization process, and/or determining one or more therapies, such as for one or more nasal-related conditions. | 1. A method for nasal-related characterization associated with microorganisms, the method comprising:
determining a microorganism sequence dataset associated with a set of subjects, based on microorganism nucleic acids from samples collected from nose sites of the set of subjects; determining a set of microbiome composition features based on the microorganism sequence dataset; generating a nasal-related characterization model based on the set of microbiome composition features and supplementary data associated with the set of subjects; and determining a nasal-related characterization associated with a user based on the nasal-related characterization model and a user sample collected at a nose site of the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of microbiome composition features is associated with at least one of Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Anaerococcus, Anaerostipes, Anoxybacillus, Aquabacterium, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Caulobacter, Centipeda, Chryseobacterium, Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Deinococcus, Delftia, Dermabacter, Dialister, Dolosigranulum, Dorea, Enterobacter, Faecalibacterium, Finegoldia, Flavobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophilus, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lautropia, Leptotrichia, Malassezia, Megasphaera, Meiothermus, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Negativicoccus, Neisseria, Novosphingobium, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Parabacteroides, Parvimonas, Pelomonas, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phyllobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, Roseburia, Rothia, Sarcina, Shinella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the set of microbiome composition features comprises at least one relative abundance feature for the at least one of Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Anaerococcus, Anaerostipes, Anoxybacillus, Aquabacterium, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Caulobacter, Centipeda, Chryseobacterium, Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Deinococcus, Delftia, Dermabacter, Dialister, Dolosigranulum, Dorea, Enterobacter, Faecalibacterium, Finegoldia, Flavobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophilus, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lautropia, Leptotrichia, Malassezia, Megasphaera, Meiothermus, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Negativicoccus, Neisseria, Novosphingobium, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Parabacteroides, Parvimonas, Pelomonas, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phyllobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, Roseburia, Rothia, Sarcina, Shinella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining a calendar season parameter associated with the user sample collected at the nose site of the user, based on the nasal-related characterization model and the user sample. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the nasal-related characterization model comprises a calendar season characterization machine learning model, wherein generating the nasal-related characterization model comprises training the calendar season characterization machine learning model based on the set of microbiome composition features and calendar seasons associated with the samples collected from the nose sites of the set of subjects, and wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining the calendar season parameter based on the calendar season characterization machine learning model and the user sample collected at the nose site of the user. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining at least one of a spring season prediction and a winter season prediction, associated with the sample, and wherein the user microbiome composition features are associated with at least one of: Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the supplementary data comprises ages of the set of subjects, wherein generating the nasal-related characterization model comprises generating the nasal-related characterization model based on the set of microbiome composition features and the ages of the set of subjects, and wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining the calendar season parameter based on the nasal-related characterization model, the user sample collected at the nose site of the user, and an age of the user. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the supplementary data associated with the set of subjects comprises at least one of geographic location, climate type, and sampling time, wherein generating the nasal-related characterization model comprises generating the nasal-related characterization model based on the set of microbiome composition features, the ages of the set of subjects, and the at least one of geographic location, climate type, and sampling time, and wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining the calendar season parameter based on the nasal-related characterization model, the user sample collected at the nose site of the user, the age of the user, and at least one of user geographic location, climate type associated with the user geographic location, and user sampling time associated with the user sample collected at the nose site of the user. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining a geographic location parameter associated with the user sample, based on the nasal-related characterization model and the user sample. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the nasal-related characterization model is associated with a nasal-related condition, and wherein determining the nasal related characterization comprises determining the nasal-related characterization for the user for the nasal-related condition, based on the nasal-related characterization model and the user sample collected at the nose site of the user. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising providing a therapy to the user for facilitating improvement of the nasal-related condition, based on the nasal-related characterization. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the microorganism sequence dataset associated with the set of subjects comprises determining the microorganism sequence dataset based on sequencing the microorganism nucleic acids with a next-generation sequencing system. 13. A method for nasal-related characterization associated with microorganisms, the method comprising:
collecting a sample from a user, wherein the sample is from a nose site of the user and comprises microorganism nucleic acids; determining a microorganism dataset associated with the user based on the microorganism nucleic acids of the sample; determining user microbiome composition features based on the microorganism dataset; and determining a nasal-related characterization associated with the user based on the user microbiome composition features. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the user microbiome composition features are associated with at least one of Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Anaerococcus, Anaerostipes, Anoxybacillus, Aquabacterium, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Caulobacter, Centipeda, Chryseobacterium, Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Deinococcus, Delftia, Dermabacter, Dialister, Dolosigranulum, Dorea, Enterobacter, Faecalibacterium, Finegoldia, Flavobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophilus, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lautropia, Leptotrichia, Malassezia, Megasphaera, Meiothermus, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Negativicoccus, Neisseria, Novosphingobium, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Parabacteroides, Parvimonas, Pelomonas, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phyllobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, Roseburia, Rothia, Sarcina, Shinella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization associated with the user comprises determining the nasal-related characterization based on the user microbiome composition features and an age of the user. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining a calendar season parameter associated with the sample from the nose site of the user, based on the user microbiome composition features. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining at least one of a spring season prediction and a winter season prediction, associated with the sample, and wherein the user microbiome composition features are associated with at least one of: Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization for the user comprises determining the nasal-related characterization based on the user microbiome composition features and supplementary data associated with the user, wherein the supplementary data comprises at least one of geographic location, climate type, and sampling time. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization associated with the user comprises determining a geographic location parameter associated with the sample from the nose site of the user, based on the user microbiome composition features. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining the nasal-related characterization for the user for a nasal related condition associated with the microorganisms, based on the user microbiome composition features. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising facilitating therapeutic intervention in relation to a therapy for the user for facilitating improvement of the nasal-related condition, based on the nasal-related characterization. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining the nasal-related characterization associated with the user based on the user microbiome composition features and a nasal-related characterization machine learning model trained with a set of microbiome composition features and supplementary data associated with a set of subjects. | Embodiments of a method and/or system (e.g., for nasal-related characterization) can include determining a microorganism dataset associated with a set of subjects; and/or performing a characterization process based on the microorganism dataset, where performing the characterization process can additionally or alternatively include performing a nasal-related characterization process, and/or determining one or more therapies, such as for one or more nasal-related conditions.1. A method for nasal-related characterization associated with microorganisms, the method comprising:
determining a microorganism sequence dataset associated with a set of subjects, based on microorganism nucleic acids from samples collected from nose sites of the set of subjects; determining a set of microbiome composition features based on the microorganism sequence dataset; generating a nasal-related characterization model based on the set of microbiome composition features and supplementary data associated with the set of subjects; and determining a nasal-related characterization associated with a user based on the nasal-related characterization model and a user sample collected at a nose site of the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of microbiome composition features is associated with at least one of Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Anaerococcus, Anaerostipes, Anoxybacillus, Aquabacterium, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Caulobacter, Centipeda, Chryseobacterium, Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Deinococcus, Delftia, Dermabacter, Dialister, Dolosigranulum, Dorea, Enterobacter, Faecalibacterium, Finegoldia, Flavobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophilus, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lautropia, Leptotrichia, Malassezia, Megasphaera, Meiothermus, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Negativicoccus, Neisseria, Novosphingobium, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Parabacteroides, Parvimonas, Pelomonas, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phyllobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, Roseburia, Rothia, Sarcina, Shinella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the set of microbiome composition features comprises at least one relative abundance feature for the at least one of Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Anaerococcus, Anaerostipes, Anoxybacillus, Aquabacterium, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Caulobacter, Centipeda, Chryseobacterium, Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Deinococcus, Delftia, Dermabacter, Dialister, Dolosigranulum, Dorea, Enterobacter, Faecalibacterium, Finegoldia, Flavobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophilus, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lautropia, Leptotrichia, Malassezia, Megasphaera, Meiothermus, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Negativicoccus, Neisseria, Novosphingobium, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Parabacteroides, Parvimonas, Pelomonas, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phyllobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, Roseburia, Rothia, Sarcina, Shinella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining a calendar season parameter associated with the user sample collected at the nose site of the user, based on the nasal-related characterization model and the user sample. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the nasal-related characterization model comprises a calendar season characterization machine learning model, wherein generating the nasal-related characterization model comprises training the calendar season characterization machine learning model based on the set of microbiome composition features and calendar seasons associated with the samples collected from the nose sites of the set of subjects, and wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining the calendar season parameter based on the calendar season characterization machine learning model and the user sample collected at the nose site of the user. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining at least one of a spring season prediction and a winter season prediction, associated with the sample, and wherein the user microbiome composition features are associated with at least one of: Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the supplementary data comprises ages of the set of subjects, wherein generating the nasal-related characterization model comprises generating the nasal-related characterization model based on the set of microbiome composition features and the ages of the set of subjects, and wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining the calendar season parameter based on the nasal-related characterization model, the user sample collected at the nose site of the user, and an age of the user. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the supplementary data associated with the set of subjects comprises at least one of geographic location, climate type, and sampling time, wherein generating the nasal-related characterization model comprises generating the nasal-related characterization model based on the set of microbiome composition features, the ages of the set of subjects, and the at least one of geographic location, climate type, and sampling time, and wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining the calendar season parameter based on the nasal-related characterization model, the user sample collected at the nose site of the user, the age of the user, and at least one of user geographic location, climate type associated with the user geographic location, and user sampling time associated with the user sample collected at the nose site of the user. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining a geographic location parameter associated with the user sample, based on the nasal-related characterization model and the user sample. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the nasal-related characterization model is associated with a nasal-related condition, and wherein determining the nasal related characterization comprises determining the nasal-related characterization for the user for the nasal-related condition, based on the nasal-related characterization model and the user sample collected at the nose site of the user. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising providing a therapy to the user for facilitating improvement of the nasal-related condition, based on the nasal-related characterization. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the microorganism sequence dataset associated with the set of subjects comprises determining the microorganism sequence dataset based on sequencing the microorganism nucleic acids with a next-generation sequencing system. 13. A method for nasal-related characterization associated with microorganisms, the method comprising:
collecting a sample from a user, wherein the sample is from a nose site of the user and comprises microorganism nucleic acids; determining a microorganism dataset associated with the user based on the microorganism nucleic acids of the sample; determining user microbiome composition features based on the microorganism dataset; and determining a nasal-related characterization associated with the user based on the user microbiome composition features. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the user microbiome composition features are associated with at least one of Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Anaerococcus, Anaerostipes, Anoxybacillus, Aquabacterium, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Caulobacter, Centipeda, Chryseobacterium, Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Deinococcus, Delftia, Dermabacter, Dialister, Dolosigranulum, Dorea, Enterobacter, Faecalibacterium, Finegoldia, Flavobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophilus, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lautropia, Leptotrichia, Malassezia, Megasphaera, Meiothermus, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Negativicoccus, Neisseria, Novosphingobium, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Parabacteroides, Parvimonas, Pelomonas, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phyllobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, Roseburia, Rothia, Sarcina, Shinella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization associated with the user comprises determining the nasal-related characterization based on the user microbiome composition features and an age of the user. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining a calendar season parameter associated with the sample from the nose site of the user, based on the user microbiome composition features. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the calendar season parameter comprises determining at least one of a spring season prediction and a winter season prediction, associated with the sample, and wherein the user microbiome composition features are associated with at least one of: Parasutterella, Rhodopseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Mesorhizobium, Facklamia, Kingella, Rhodobacter, Lysinibacillus, Dermacoccus, and Cardiobacterium. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization for the user comprises determining the nasal-related characterization based on the user microbiome composition features and supplementary data associated with the user, wherein the supplementary data comprises at least one of geographic location, climate type, and sampling time. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization associated with the user comprises determining a geographic location parameter associated with the sample from the nose site of the user, based on the user microbiome composition features. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining the nasal-related characterization for the user for a nasal related condition associated with the microorganisms, based on the user microbiome composition features. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising facilitating therapeutic intervention in relation to a therapy for the user for facilitating improvement of the nasal-related condition, based on the nasal-related characterization. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the nasal-related characterization comprises determining the nasal-related characterization associated with the user based on the user microbiome composition features and a nasal-related characterization machine learning model trained with a set of microbiome composition features and supplementary data associated with a set of subjects. | 3,600 |
342,923 | 16,642,644 | 3,641 | The present disclosure provides a display panel, a display device including the display panel, and a method of manufacturing the display panel. The display panel includes a substrate; a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the pixel-defining layer defines a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in rows and columns; and an organic light emitting element disposed in at least one of the plurality of sub-pixel regions, wherein a side of the pixel-defining layer away from the substrate is provided with a groove, the groove has a depth less than a thickness of the pixel-defining layer, and the groove is disposed between the organic light emitting elements that are adjacent to each other and emit light of different colors. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate provided with a first organic light emitting element and a second organic light emitting element which are adjacent to each other and configured to emit light of different colors; and a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate, the pixel-defining layer having a first opening and a second opening for exposing the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element, respectively, and having a groove disposed on a side of the pixel-defining layer away from the substrate, wherein the groove is disposed in the pixel-defining layer between the first opening and the second opening, and has a depth less than a thickness of the pixel defining layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first organic light emitting element emits red light and the second organic light emitting element emits green light. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the groove is larger than a thickness of the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed by a sidewall of the groove and a bottom surface of the groove is not less than 142 degrees. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the pixel-defining layer comprises a first sub-layer and a second sub-layer, the first sub-layer having a first via hole passing through the first sub-layer, and the second sub-layer being disposed on at least in the first via hole to form the groove. 6. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein the second sub-layer covers at least a part of a surface of the first sub-layer away from the substrate. 7. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein a material of the first sub-layer is different from a material of the second sub-layer. 8. A display device, comprising a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises:
a substrate provided with a first organic light emitting element and a second organic light emitting element which are adjacent to each other and configured to emit light of different colors; and a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate, the pixel-defining layer having a first opening and a second opening for exposing the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element, respectively, and having a groove disposed on a side of the pixel-defining layer away from the substrate, wherein the groove is disposed in the pixel-defining layer between the first opening and the second opening, the groove having a depth less than a thickness of the pixel defining layer. 9. A method of manufacturing a display panel, comprising:
forming a pixel-defining layer on a substrate; forming a first opening and a second opening adjacent to each other and a groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer; and forming a first organic emitting element and a second organic emitting element in the first opening and the second opening, respectively, wherein the first organic emitting element and the second organic emitting element emit light of different colors, wherein the groove has a depth less than a thickness of the pixel-defining layer. 10. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 9, wherein forming the first opening and the second opening adjacent to each other and the groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer comprises:
patterning a pixel-defining material to form the first opening and the second opening and a via hole between the first opening and the second opening; and depositing and patterning another pixel-defining material on the pixel-defining material and the via hole to form the groove at a position corresponding to the via hole. 11. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 10, wherein the via hole passes through the pixel-defining material. 12. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 9, wherein forming the first opening and the second opening adjacent to each other and the groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer comprises:
patterning the pixel-defining material to form the first opening and the second opening; and patterning the pixel-defining material to form the groove. 13. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 9, wherein forming the first opening and the second opening adjacent to each other and the groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer comprises:
patterning the pixel-defining material to form the first opening and the second opening and a a via hole passing through the pixel-defining material between the first opening and the second opening; and depositing another pixel-defining material in the via hole to form the groove. 14. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the first organic light emitting element emits red light and the second organic light emitting element emit green light. 15. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the depth of the groove is larger than a thickness of the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element. 16. The display device according to claim 8, wherein an angle formed by a sidewall of the groove and a bottom surface of the groove is not less than 142 degrees. 17. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the pixel-defining layer comprises a first sub-layer and a second sub-layer, the first sub-layer having a first via hole passing through the first sub-layer, and the second sub-layer being disposed at least in the first via hole to form the groove. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the second sub-layer covers at least a part of a surface of the first sub-layer away from the substrate. 19. The display device according to claim 17, wherein a material of the first sub-layer is different from a material of the second sub-layer. | The present disclosure provides a display panel, a display device including the display panel, and a method of manufacturing the display panel. The display panel includes a substrate; a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the pixel-defining layer defines a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in rows and columns; and an organic light emitting element disposed in at least one of the plurality of sub-pixel regions, wherein a side of the pixel-defining layer away from the substrate is provided with a groove, the groove has a depth less than a thickness of the pixel-defining layer, and the groove is disposed between the organic light emitting elements that are adjacent to each other and emit light of different colors.1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate provided with a first organic light emitting element and a second organic light emitting element which are adjacent to each other and configured to emit light of different colors; and a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate, the pixel-defining layer having a first opening and a second opening for exposing the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element, respectively, and having a groove disposed on a side of the pixel-defining layer away from the substrate, wherein the groove is disposed in the pixel-defining layer between the first opening and the second opening, and has a depth less than a thickness of the pixel defining layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first organic light emitting element emits red light and the second organic light emitting element emits green light. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the groove is larger than a thickness of the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed by a sidewall of the groove and a bottom surface of the groove is not less than 142 degrees. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the pixel-defining layer comprises a first sub-layer and a second sub-layer, the first sub-layer having a first via hole passing through the first sub-layer, and the second sub-layer being disposed on at least in the first via hole to form the groove. 6. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein the second sub-layer covers at least a part of a surface of the first sub-layer away from the substrate. 7. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein a material of the first sub-layer is different from a material of the second sub-layer. 8. A display device, comprising a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises:
a substrate provided with a first organic light emitting element and a second organic light emitting element which are adjacent to each other and configured to emit light of different colors; and a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate, the pixel-defining layer having a first opening and a second opening for exposing the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element, respectively, and having a groove disposed on a side of the pixel-defining layer away from the substrate, wherein the groove is disposed in the pixel-defining layer between the first opening and the second opening, the groove having a depth less than a thickness of the pixel defining layer. 9. A method of manufacturing a display panel, comprising:
forming a pixel-defining layer on a substrate; forming a first opening and a second opening adjacent to each other and a groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer; and forming a first organic emitting element and a second organic emitting element in the first opening and the second opening, respectively, wherein the first organic emitting element and the second organic emitting element emit light of different colors, wherein the groove has a depth less than a thickness of the pixel-defining layer. 10. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 9, wherein forming the first opening and the second opening adjacent to each other and the groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer comprises:
patterning a pixel-defining material to form the first opening and the second opening and a via hole between the first opening and the second opening; and depositing and patterning another pixel-defining material on the pixel-defining material and the via hole to form the groove at a position corresponding to the via hole. 11. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 10, wherein the via hole passes through the pixel-defining material. 12. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 9, wherein forming the first opening and the second opening adjacent to each other and the groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer comprises:
patterning the pixel-defining material to form the first opening and the second opening; and patterning the pixel-defining material to form the groove. 13. The method of manufacturing a display panel according to claim 9, wherein forming the first opening and the second opening adjacent to each other and the groove between the first opening and the second opening in the pixel-defining layer comprises:
patterning the pixel-defining material to form the first opening and the second opening and a a via hole passing through the pixel-defining material between the first opening and the second opening; and depositing another pixel-defining material in the via hole to form the groove. 14. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the first organic light emitting element emits red light and the second organic light emitting element emit green light. 15. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the depth of the groove is larger than a thickness of the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element. 16. The display device according to claim 8, wherein an angle formed by a sidewall of the groove and a bottom surface of the groove is not less than 142 degrees. 17. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the pixel-defining layer comprises a first sub-layer and a second sub-layer, the first sub-layer having a first via hole passing through the first sub-layer, and the second sub-layer being disposed at least in the first via hole to form the groove. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the second sub-layer covers at least a part of a surface of the first sub-layer away from the substrate. 19. The display device according to claim 17, wherein a material of the first sub-layer is different from a material of the second sub-layer. | 3,600 |
342,924 | 16,642,671 | 3,641 | An interposer apparatus for co-packaging an electronic integrated circuit and a photonic integrated circuit may include a dielectric substrate; an optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the photonic integrated circuit disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate with at least one of another photonic integrated circuit disposed on the dielectric substrate or an optical device disposed on the dielectric substrate; and a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate to electrically couple the photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate with an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate. | 1. An interposer apparatus comprising:
a dielectric substrate; an optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple a photonic integrated circuit disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate with at least one of another photonic integrated circuit or an optical device disposed on the dielectric substrate; and a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate to electrically couple the photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate with an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises silicon dioxide glass. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide comprises an organic dielectric material. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide is configured to guide light in a direction parallel to a surface plane of the one side of the dielectric substrate. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate includes an alignment notch disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate to seat an alignment ball to align the dielectric substrate with the photonic integrated circuit, wherein the photonic integrated circuit includes a corresponding alignment notch to seat the alignment ball. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide includes a microlens to optically couple with a corresponding microlens of the photonic integrated circuit. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an index matching material disposed between the photonic integrated circuit and the dielectric substrate. 8. An optoelectronic system comprising:
a first photonic integrated circuit; a first electronic integrated circuit; and a dielectric substrate disposed between the first photonic integrated circuit and the first electronic integrated circuit, wherein the dielectric substrate includes:
a first optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate with at least one of a second photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate or an optical device disposed external to the dielectric substrate by guiding light in a direction parallel to a surface plane of the one side of the dielectric substrate; and
a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate to electrically couple the first photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate with the first electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising the second photonic integrated circuit, wherein the first photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic transmitter circuit and the second photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic receiver circuit. 10. The system of claim 8, further comprising a third photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate includes a second optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple at least one of the first photonic integrated circuit and the second photonic integrated circuit with the third photonic integrated circuit. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic transmitter circuit, the third photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic receiver circuit, and the second photonic integrated circuit includes an optical switching circuit. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
a second electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate and electrically coupled with the second photonic integrated circuit via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate; and a third electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate and electrically coupled with the third photonic integrated circuit via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate; wherein the first electronic integrated circuit and the third electronic integrated circuit are configured to communicate via an optical pathway established within the second photonic integrated circuit controlled by the second integrated circuit. 13. The system of claim 8, further comprising a second optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit with an external optical waveguide disposed external to the dielectric substrate. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a planar microlens disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate to couple light from the second optical waveguide into the external optical waveguide. 15. The system of claim 8, wherein the electronic integrated circuit includes a computing processor configured to communicate with another computing processor using the first photonic integrated circuit. 16. The system of claim 8, further comprising a third photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate includes:
a first plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit with the optical device; and a second plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the optical device with the third photonic integrated circuit; and wherein the optical device comprises an optical switch that controllably switches connections between different pairs of optical waveguides between the first plurality of optical waveguides and the second plurality of optical waveguides; and wherein the optical switch is controlled by an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the optical switch comprises at least one of a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) optical switch or a liquid crystal (LC) optical switch. 18. The system of claim 8, further comprising a third photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate includes:
a first plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit with the second photonic integrated circuit; and a second plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the second photonic integrated circuit with the third photonic integrated circuit; and wherein the second photonic integrated circuit comprises an optical switch that controllably switches connections between different pairs of optical waveguides between the first plurality of optical waveguides and the second plurality of optical waveguides; and wherein the optical switch is controlled by an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate. 19. The system of claim 8, further comprising an alignment ball disposed between the dielectric substrate and the first photonic integrated circuit, wherein the dielectric substrate includes an alignment notch disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate to seat the alignment ball and the first photonic integrated circuit includes a corresponding alignment notch to seat the alignment ball to optically align a waveguide or microlens of the first photonic integrated circuit with a corresponding waveguide or microlens of the dielectric substrate. 20. A method of forming an interposer comprising a planar lightwave circuit, the method comprising:
attaching a dielectric substrate to a redistribution layer (RDL) having a metal via coupled with an electronic integrated circuit on one side of the dielectric substrate; forming a metal interconnect within the dielectric substrate to pass through the dielectric substrate from the RDL on the one side of the dielectric substrate to a photonic integrated circuit on an other side of the dielectric substrate; forming an optical waveguide on the other side of the dielectric substrate along a plane parallel with a plane of a surface of the dielectric substrate; and coupling a photonic integrated circuit with the metal via within the dielectric substrate and the optical waveguide on the other side of the dielectric substrate. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising filling space between the photonic integrated circuit and the other side of the dielectric substrate with index matching material. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the optical waveguide comprises silicon nitride. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein attaching the dielectric substrate to the RDL comprises thinning a carrier wafer attached to the RDL. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a silicon dioxide glass material. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
forming an alignment notch in the dielectric substrate; and aligning the alignment notch in the dielectric substrate with a corresponding alignment notch in the photonic integrated circuit using an alignment member that seats in the alignment notches in both the dielectric substrate and the photonic integrated circuit. | An interposer apparatus for co-packaging an electronic integrated circuit and a photonic integrated circuit may include a dielectric substrate; an optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the photonic integrated circuit disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate with at least one of another photonic integrated circuit disposed on the dielectric substrate or an optical device disposed on the dielectric substrate; and a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate to electrically couple the photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate with an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate.1. An interposer apparatus comprising:
a dielectric substrate; an optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple a photonic integrated circuit disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate with at least one of another photonic integrated circuit or an optical device disposed on the dielectric substrate; and a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate to electrically couple the photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate with an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises silicon dioxide glass. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide comprises an organic dielectric material. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide is configured to guide light in a direction parallel to a surface plane of the one side of the dielectric substrate. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate includes an alignment notch disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate to seat an alignment ball to align the dielectric substrate with the photonic integrated circuit, wherein the photonic integrated circuit includes a corresponding alignment notch to seat the alignment ball. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide includes a microlens to optically couple with a corresponding microlens of the photonic integrated circuit. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an index matching material disposed between the photonic integrated circuit and the dielectric substrate. 8. An optoelectronic system comprising:
a first photonic integrated circuit; a first electronic integrated circuit; and a dielectric substrate disposed between the first photonic integrated circuit and the first electronic integrated circuit, wherein the dielectric substrate includes:
a first optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate with at least one of a second photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate or an optical device disposed external to the dielectric substrate by guiding light in a direction parallel to a surface plane of the one side of the dielectric substrate; and
a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate to electrically couple the first photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate with the first electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising the second photonic integrated circuit, wherein the first photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic transmitter circuit and the second photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic receiver circuit. 10. The system of claim 8, further comprising a third photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate includes a second optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple at least one of the first photonic integrated circuit and the second photonic integrated circuit with the third photonic integrated circuit. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic transmitter circuit, the third photonic integrated circuit includes a photonic receiver circuit, and the second photonic integrated circuit includes an optical switching circuit. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
a second electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate and electrically coupled with the second photonic integrated circuit via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate; and a third electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate and electrically coupled with the third photonic integrated circuit via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate; wherein the first electronic integrated circuit and the third electronic integrated circuit are configured to communicate via an optical pathway established within the second photonic integrated circuit controlled by the second integrated circuit. 13. The system of claim 8, further comprising a second optical waveguide disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit with an external optical waveguide disposed external to the dielectric substrate. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a planar microlens disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate to couple light from the second optical waveguide into the external optical waveguide. 15. The system of claim 8, wherein the electronic integrated circuit includes a computing processor configured to communicate with another computing processor using the first photonic integrated circuit. 16. The system of claim 8, further comprising a third photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate includes:
a first plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit with the optical device; and a second plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the optical device with the third photonic integrated circuit; and wherein the optical device comprises an optical switch that controllably switches connections between different pairs of optical waveguides between the first plurality of optical waveguides and the second plurality of optical waveguides; and wherein the optical switch is controlled by an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the optical switch comprises at least one of a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) optical switch or a liquid crystal (LC) optical switch. 18. The system of claim 8, further comprising a third photonic integrated circuit disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate includes:
a first plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the first photonic integrated circuit with the second photonic integrated circuit; and a second plurality of optical waveguides disposed on the dielectric substrate to optically couple the second photonic integrated circuit with the third photonic integrated circuit; and wherein the second photonic integrated circuit comprises an optical switch that controllably switches connections between different pairs of optical waveguides between the first plurality of optical waveguides and the second plurality of optical waveguides; and wherein the optical switch is controlled by an electronic integrated circuit disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate via a metal interconnect disposed through the dielectric substrate. 19. The system of claim 8, further comprising an alignment ball disposed between the dielectric substrate and the first photonic integrated circuit, wherein the dielectric substrate includes an alignment notch disposed on the one side of the dielectric substrate to seat the alignment ball and the first photonic integrated circuit includes a corresponding alignment notch to seat the alignment ball to optically align a waveguide or microlens of the first photonic integrated circuit with a corresponding waveguide or microlens of the dielectric substrate. 20. A method of forming an interposer comprising a planar lightwave circuit, the method comprising:
attaching a dielectric substrate to a redistribution layer (RDL) having a metal via coupled with an electronic integrated circuit on one side of the dielectric substrate; forming a metal interconnect within the dielectric substrate to pass through the dielectric substrate from the RDL on the one side of the dielectric substrate to a photonic integrated circuit on an other side of the dielectric substrate; forming an optical waveguide on the other side of the dielectric substrate along a plane parallel with a plane of a surface of the dielectric substrate; and coupling a photonic integrated circuit with the metal via within the dielectric substrate and the optical waveguide on the other side of the dielectric substrate. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising filling space between the photonic integrated circuit and the other side of the dielectric substrate with index matching material. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the optical waveguide comprises silicon nitride. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein attaching the dielectric substrate to the RDL comprises thinning a carrier wafer attached to the RDL. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a silicon dioxide glass material. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
forming an alignment notch in the dielectric substrate; and aligning the alignment notch in the dielectric substrate with a corresponding alignment notch in the photonic integrated circuit using an alignment member that seats in the alignment notches in both the dielectric substrate and the photonic integrated circuit. | 3,600 |
342,925 | 16,642,668 | 3,641 | One aspect of the present disclosure provides a terahertz-wave detector including a semiconductor substrate, an active element formed on the semiconductor substrate and a first resistive portion electrically connected in parallel with the active element. | 1. A terahertz-wave detector comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; an active element formed on the semiconductor substrate; and a first resistive portion electrically connected in parallel with the active element. 2. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, further comprising a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from each other,
wherein the active element and the first resistive portion are electrically located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 3. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the active element has a negative resistance property. 4. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the first resistive portion has a resistance of 10 to 40Ω. 5. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, further comprising a resistive layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the resistive layer comprises the first resistive portion. 6. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 2, wherein the resistive layer is physically located between the active element and the semiconductor substrate. 7. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the resistive layer overlaps with the active element as viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate. 8. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductive layer includes a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion that extends from the second conductive portion toward the second conductive layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, and the resistive layer overlaps with the first conductive portion, the second conductive portion and the second conductive layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. 9. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 8, wherein the resistive layer overlaps with an entirety of the second conductive portion as viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate. 10. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 8, wherein as viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, the active element is spaced apart from the second conductive layer in a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate,
the resistive layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion overlaps with the second conductive layer as viewed in the thickness direction, the second portion is offset from the first portion in the first direction, and a dimension of the second portion measured in a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction is smaller as the second portion extends in the first direction. 11. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 10, wherein
the second portion of the resistive layer has two edges opposite to each other in the second direction, and each of the two edges are inclined relative to both of the first direction and the second direction. 12. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 10, wherein
the resistive layer includes a third portion extending in the first direction, wherein a dimension of the third portion measured in the second direction is smaller than the dimension of the first portion measured in the second direction. 13. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 12, wherein the resistive layer includes a fourth portion in contact with the first conductive layer. 14. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, further comprising a second resistive portion electrically connected in series with the active element, and
wherein the resistive layer comprises the second resistive portion, and the second resistive portion is physically connected to the first resistive portion. 15. A terahertz system comprising:
a terahertz-wave oscillator that generates terahertz waves; and a terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the terahertz-wave detector detects terahertz waves generated by the terahertz-wave oscillator. | One aspect of the present disclosure provides a terahertz-wave detector including a semiconductor substrate, an active element formed on the semiconductor substrate and a first resistive portion electrically connected in parallel with the active element.1. A terahertz-wave detector comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; an active element formed on the semiconductor substrate; and a first resistive portion electrically connected in parallel with the active element. 2. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, further comprising a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from each other,
wherein the active element and the first resistive portion are electrically located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 3. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the active element has a negative resistance property. 4. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the first resistive portion has a resistance of 10 to 40Ω. 5. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, further comprising a resistive layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the resistive layer comprises the first resistive portion. 6. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 2, wherein the resistive layer is physically located between the active element and the semiconductor substrate. 7. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the resistive layer overlaps with the active element as viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate. 8. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductive layer includes a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion that extends from the second conductive portion toward the second conductive layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, and the resistive layer overlaps with the first conductive portion, the second conductive portion and the second conductive layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. 9. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 8, wherein the resistive layer overlaps with an entirety of the second conductive portion as viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate. 10. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 8, wherein as viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, the active element is spaced apart from the second conductive layer in a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate,
the resistive layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion overlaps with the second conductive layer as viewed in the thickness direction, the second portion is offset from the first portion in the first direction, and a dimension of the second portion measured in a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction is smaller as the second portion extends in the first direction. 11. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 10, wherein
the second portion of the resistive layer has two edges opposite to each other in the second direction, and each of the two edges are inclined relative to both of the first direction and the second direction. 12. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 10, wherein
the resistive layer includes a third portion extending in the first direction, wherein a dimension of the third portion measured in the second direction is smaller than the dimension of the first portion measured in the second direction. 13. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 12, wherein the resistive layer includes a fourth portion in contact with the first conductive layer. 14. The terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, further comprising a second resistive portion electrically connected in series with the active element, and
wherein the resistive layer comprises the second resistive portion, and the second resistive portion is physically connected to the first resistive portion. 15. A terahertz system comprising:
a terahertz-wave oscillator that generates terahertz waves; and a terahertz-wave detector according to claim 1, wherein the terahertz-wave detector detects terahertz waves generated by the terahertz-wave oscillator. | 3,600 |
342,926 | 16,642,678 | 3,641 | Apparatuses and methods for band scanning in lean carrier operation are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for a network node includes identifying at least one time period for transmitting a reference signal over a full cell bandwidth in lean earner operation, and transmitting a reference signal according to a bandwidth pattern. The bandwidth pattern is based at least in part on the identified at least one time period. | 1. A method for a network node for lean carrier operation, the method comprising:
identifying at least one time period for transmitting a reference signal over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation; and transmitting a reference signal according to a bandwidth pattern, the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on the identified at least one time period. 2.-12. (canceled) 13. A network node for lean carrier operation, the network node comprising processing circuitry configured to cause the network node to:
identify at least one time period for transmitting a reference signal over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation; and transmit a reference signal according to a bandwidth pattern, the bandwidth pattern based at least in part. on the identified at least one time period. 14. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
identify at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over a reduced bandwidth for the lean carrier operation. 15. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the reduced bandwidth is smaller than the full cell bandwidth. 16. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
determine the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on the identified at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the full cell bandwidth. 17. The network node according to claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
determine the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on the identified at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the full cell bandwidth and the identified at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the reduced bandwidth. 18. The network node according to claim 14, wherein the transmitted reference signal comprises a cell-specific reference signal, CRS. 19. The network node according to claim 14, wherein the bandwidth pattern comprises a periodicity. 20. The network node according to claim 19, wherein the periodicity is 20 milliseconds, ms. 21. The network node according to claim 19, wherein the periodicity is 10 milliseconds, ins. 22. The network node according to claim 19. wherein the periodicity is based at least in part on at least one of a random access, RA, procedure and a system information block, SIB, transmission duration. 23. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation corresponds to 1 millisecond. 24. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
as a result of the reference signal transmitted according to the bandwidth pattern, receive an initial access request for a wireless device, WD. 25. A method for a wireless device, WD, for lean carrier operation, the method comprising:
determining at least a first time period and a second time period, the second time period being different from the first time period; estimating at least one energy level within at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period; determining whether at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency based at least in part on the estimated at least one energy level; and performing a cell search on the carrier frequency based on determining whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 26.-44. (canceled) 45. A wireless device, WD, for lean carrier operation, the WD comprising processing circuitry configured to cause the WD to:
determine at least a first time period and a second time period, the second time period being different from the first time period; estimate at least one energy level within at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period; determine whether at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency based at least in part on the estimated at least one energy level; and perform a cell search on the carrier frequency based on the determination of whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 46. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the second time period is less than the first time period. 47. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to estimate the at least one energy level within the at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period by being configured to cause the WD to:
estimate a f energy level over the first time period within the carrier frequency; and estimate at least one second energy level over at least one instance of the second time period within the carrier frequency. 48. The WD according to claim 47, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to estimate the at least one second energy level by being further configured to cause the WD to:
estimate the at least one second energy level over successive instances of the second time period within the carrier frequency. 49. The WD according to claim 47, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the WD to determine a relation between the estimated first energy level and the estimated at least one second energy level for determining whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 50. The WD according to claim 49, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to determine the relation between the estimated first energy level and the estimated at least one second energy level by being further configured to cause the WD to:
compare the estimated at least one second energy level to the estimated first energy level to determine whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 51. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to:
if a difference between the estimated at least one second energy level and the estimated first energy level at least meets a predetermined condition, determine that the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 52. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to:
if a difference between the estimated at least one second energy level and the estimated first energy level does not at least meet a predetermined condition, determine that the at least one cell is not operating over the carrier frequency. 53. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the first time period and the second time period correspond to a bandwidth pattern, the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on a reference signal transmission over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation. 54. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the determined first time period corresponds to a periodicity for a reference signal transmission over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation. 55. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the determined second time period corresponds to a duration for a reference signal transmission over a reduced bandwidth in lean carrier operation. 56. The WD according to claim 55, wherein the reduced bandwidth is smaller than the full cell bandwidth. 57. The WD according to claim 54, wherein the reference signal transmission is a cell-specific reference signal, CRS, transmission by a network node. 58. The WD according to claim 54, wherein the periodicity of the reference signal transmission over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation is 20 milliseconds, ms. 59. The WD according to claim 54, wherein the periodicity of the reference signal transmission over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation is 10 milliseconds, ms. 60. The WD according to claim 55, wherein the duration for the reference signal transmission over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation is 1 millisecond, ms. 61. The WD according to claim 45, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period corresponds to one of a random access, RA. periodicity and a system information block, SIB, periodicity. 62. The WD according to claim 45, the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the WD to performhe cell search on the carrier frequency by being configured to:
in reponse to determining that the at least one operating over the carrier frequency, perform the cell search on the carrier frequency. 63. The WD according to claim 45, wherein each of the first time period and the second time period is a predetermined time period. 64. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to estimate the at least one energy level within the at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period by being further configured to cause the WD to:
estimate a power spectral density, PSD, over the first time period and estimate a PSD over the second time period, each of the first and second time periods corresponding to 1 millisecond. | Apparatuses and methods for band scanning in lean carrier operation are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for a network node includes identifying at least one time period for transmitting a reference signal over a full cell bandwidth in lean earner operation, and transmitting a reference signal according to a bandwidth pattern. The bandwidth pattern is based at least in part on the identified at least one time period.1. A method for a network node for lean carrier operation, the method comprising:
identifying at least one time period for transmitting a reference signal over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation; and transmitting a reference signal according to a bandwidth pattern, the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on the identified at least one time period. 2.-12. (canceled) 13. A network node for lean carrier operation, the network node comprising processing circuitry configured to cause the network node to:
identify at least one time period for transmitting a reference signal over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation; and transmit a reference signal according to a bandwidth pattern, the bandwidth pattern based at least in part. on the identified at least one time period. 14. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
identify at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over a reduced bandwidth for the lean carrier operation. 15. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the reduced bandwidth is smaller than the full cell bandwidth. 16. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
determine the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on the identified at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the full cell bandwidth. 17. The network node according to claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
determine the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on the identified at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the full cell bandwidth and the identified at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the reduced bandwidth. 18. The network node according to claim 14, wherein the transmitted reference signal comprises a cell-specific reference signal, CRS. 19. The network node according to claim 14, wherein the bandwidth pattern comprises a periodicity. 20. The network node according to claim 19, wherein the periodicity is 20 milliseconds, ms. 21. The network node according to claim 19, wherein the periodicity is 10 milliseconds, ins. 22. The network node according to claim 19. wherein the periodicity is based at least in part on at least one of a random access, RA, procedure and a system information block, SIB, transmission duration. 23. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the at least one time period for transmitting the reference signal over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation corresponds to 1 millisecond. 24. The network node according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to:
as a result of the reference signal transmitted according to the bandwidth pattern, receive an initial access request for a wireless device, WD. 25. A method for a wireless device, WD, for lean carrier operation, the method comprising:
determining at least a first time period and a second time period, the second time period being different from the first time period; estimating at least one energy level within at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period; determining whether at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency based at least in part on the estimated at least one energy level; and performing a cell search on the carrier frequency based on determining whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 26.-44. (canceled) 45. A wireless device, WD, for lean carrier operation, the WD comprising processing circuitry configured to cause the WD to:
determine at least a first time period and a second time period, the second time period being different from the first time period; estimate at least one energy level within at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period; determine whether at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency based at least in part on the estimated at least one energy level; and perform a cell search on the carrier frequency based on the determination of whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 46. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the second time period is less than the first time period. 47. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to estimate the at least one energy level within the at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period by being configured to cause the WD to:
estimate a f energy level over the first time period within the carrier frequency; and estimate at least one second energy level over at least one instance of the second time period within the carrier frequency. 48. The WD according to claim 47, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to estimate the at least one second energy level by being further configured to cause the WD to:
estimate the at least one second energy level over successive instances of the second time period within the carrier frequency. 49. The WD according to claim 47, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the WD to determine a relation between the estimated first energy level and the estimated at least one second energy level for determining whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 50. The WD according to claim 49, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to determine the relation between the estimated first energy level and the estimated at least one second energy level by being further configured to cause the WD to:
compare the estimated at least one second energy level to the estimated first energy level to determine whether the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 51. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to:
if a difference between the estimated at least one second energy level and the estimated first energy level at least meets a predetermined condition, determine that the at least one cell is operating over the carrier frequency. 52. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the WD to:
if a difference between the estimated at least one second energy level and the estimated first energy level does not at least meet a predetermined condition, determine that the at least one cell is not operating over the carrier frequency. 53. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the first time period and the second time period correspond to a bandwidth pattern, the bandwidth pattern based at least in part on a reference signal transmission over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation. 54. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the determined first time period corresponds to a periodicity for a reference signal transmission over a full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation. 55. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the determined second time period corresponds to a duration for a reference signal transmission over a reduced bandwidth in lean carrier operation. 56. The WD according to claim 55, wherein the reduced bandwidth is smaller than the full cell bandwidth. 57. The WD according to claim 54, wherein the reference signal transmission is a cell-specific reference signal, CRS, transmission by a network node. 58. The WD according to claim 54, wherein the periodicity of the reference signal transmission over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation is 20 milliseconds, ms. 59. The WD according to claim 54, wherein the periodicity of the reference signal transmission over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation is 10 milliseconds, ms. 60. The WD according to claim 55, wherein the duration for the reference signal transmission over the full cell bandwidth in lean carrier operation is 1 millisecond, ms. 61. The WD according to claim 45, wherein at least one of the first time period and the second time period corresponds to one of a random access, RA. periodicity and a system information block, SIB, periodicity. 62. The WD according to claim 45, the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the WD to performhe cell search on the carrier frequency by being configured to:
in reponse to determining that the at least one operating over the carrier frequency, perform the cell search on the carrier frequency. 63. The WD according to claim 45, wherein each of the first time period and the second time period is a predetermined time period. 64. The WD according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to estimate the at least one energy level within the at least one carrier frequency according to the determined first time period and the second time period by being further configured to cause the WD to:
estimate a power spectral density, PSD, over the first time period and estimate a PSD over the second time period, each of the first and second time periods corresponding to 1 millisecond. | 3,600 |
342,927 | 16,642,657 | 3,641 | The invention relates to a mctliod for bio-printing a thrcc-dimensional biological structure containing liv ing cells having at least two different materials for the bio-printing. Said method is distinguished by the fact that, in at least one step, one of the materials for printing is applied or introduced by printing droplets (drop-on-dentand) printing. In particular, this method is suitable for printing tissue structures. including those which have supply structures. Such structures are in particular cardiac structures, liver structures, kidney structures, alveolar structures, skin struchircs or neural structuies. The invention further relates to a biological three-dimensional structure thus obtainable. Finally, the invention relates to the use of a three-dimensional structure according to the invention as a tissue model, in particular as a model for tissue genesis, for example suitable for testing therapy forms or for the stratification of a therapy or for testing or identifying active substance candidates. | 1. A process for bioprinting a three-dimensional biological structure containing live cells, comprising:
first applying or introducing to a substrate a first material, said first material being optionally subjected to a first treatment after the first applying or introducing step; and then second applying or introducing to the substrate a second material where the first material has been applied or introduced, wherein the second material is different from the first material, wherein the first applying or introducing and the second applying or introducing step produce the three-dimensional biological structure which has at least two different subregions, wherein at least one subregion of the three-dimensional structure contains live cells, and wherein at least one of the first material or second material contains live cells, and wherein at least one of the first material or the second material is applied or introduced by droplet printing. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first material is printed onto the substrate as droplets in the first applying or introducing step, wherein the droplets are deposited at predetermined positions in relation to one another with spaces therebetween, and wherein the second material is applied or introduced so as to fill up the spaces formed by the droplets of the first material. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the second applying or introducing step the second material is printed into the first material as droplets such that the second material, when printed, dips into the first material or displaces it at least in part. 4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the printed droplets of the second material breaks through a layer of the first material such that the droplets of the second material are embedded in the layer formed by the first material. 5. The process as claimed in claim 1 4, wherein the droplets are printed in a predetermined pattern during the droplet printing. 6. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first material is a material based on gelatin, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a PEG derivative, or a poloxamer, wherein the first material comprises the live cells and wherein the first material is optionally liquefiable and removable at a later time, leaving the cells behind. 7. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second material is a hydrogel, which optionally contains the living cells. 8. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first material is mixed with a chemical or biological or physical crosslinker, which optionally diffuses into the second material and, upon contact with the second material, brings about the gelling of the second material. 9. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional structure is a tissue structure having a first region which corresponds to a supply structure and a second region which forms a functional tissue. 10. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional structure resembles a cardiac structure, a liver structure, a kidney structure, an alveolar structure, a skin structure, a cartilage structure, a bone structure with or without bone marrow, a neural structure or mixed forms thereof. 11. The process as claimed in claim 1, further comprising culturing the three-dimensional structure after the second applying or introducing step in an incubator. 12. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional structure is an organ. 13. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the live cells are in the first material and are or comprise vessel-forming cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells. 14. A biological three-dimensional structure produced by the process of claim 1. 15. The biological three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 14, wherein the three-dimensional structure is a liver tissue structure, a cardiac tissue structure, a kidney tissue structure, an alveolar structure, a skin structure, a bone structure with or without bone marrow, a cartilage structure, a neural structure or mixed forms thereof. 16. A method of using the three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 14 as a model for tissue genesis. 17. A method of using the three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 14 as a tissue model for testing forms of therapy or for stratifying a therapy or for testing or identifying active-ingredient candidates. | The invention relates to a mctliod for bio-printing a thrcc-dimensional biological structure containing liv ing cells having at least two different materials for the bio-printing. Said method is distinguished by the fact that, in at least one step, one of the materials for printing is applied or introduced by printing droplets (drop-on-dentand) printing. In particular, this method is suitable for printing tissue structures. including those which have supply structures. Such structures are in particular cardiac structures, liver structures, kidney structures, alveolar structures, skin struchircs or neural structuies. The invention further relates to a biological three-dimensional structure thus obtainable. Finally, the invention relates to the use of a three-dimensional structure according to the invention as a tissue model, in particular as a model for tissue genesis, for example suitable for testing therapy forms or for the stratification of a therapy or for testing or identifying active substance candidates.1. A process for bioprinting a three-dimensional biological structure containing live cells, comprising:
first applying or introducing to a substrate a first material, said first material being optionally subjected to a first treatment after the first applying or introducing step; and then second applying or introducing to the substrate a second material where the first material has been applied or introduced, wherein the second material is different from the first material, wherein the first applying or introducing and the second applying or introducing step produce the three-dimensional biological structure which has at least two different subregions, wherein at least one subregion of the three-dimensional structure contains live cells, and wherein at least one of the first material or second material contains live cells, and wherein at least one of the first material or the second material is applied or introduced by droplet printing. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first material is printed onto the substrate as droplets in the first applying or introducing step, wherein the droplets are deposited at predetermined positions in relation to one another with spaces therebetween, and wherein the second material is applied or introduced so as to fill up the spaces formed by the droplets of the first material. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the second applying or introducing step the second material is printed into the first material as droplets such that the second material, when printed, dips into the first material or displaces it at least in part. 4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the printed droplets of the second material breaks through a layer of the first material such that the droplets of the second material are embedded in the layer formed by the first material. 5. The process as claimed in claim 1 4, wherein the droplets are printed in a predetermined pattern during the droplet printing. 6. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first material is a material based on gelatin, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a PEG derivative, or a poloxamer, wherein the first material comprises the live cells and wherein the first material is optionally liquefiable and removable at a later time, leaving the cells behind. 7. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second material is a hydrogel, which optionally contains the living cells. 8. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first material is mixed with a chemical or biological or physical crosslinker, which optionally diffuses into the second material and, upon contact with the second material, brings about the gelling of the second material. 9. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional structure is a tissue structure having a first region which corresponds to a supply structure and a second region which forms a functional tissue. 10. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional structure resembles a cardiac structure, a liver structure, a kidney structure, an alveolar structure, a skin structure, a cartilage structure, a bone structure with or without bone marrow, a neural structure or mixed forms thereof. 11. The process as claimed in claim 1, further comprising culturing the three-dimensional structure after the second applying or introducing step in an incubator. 12. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional structure is an organ. 13. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the live cells are in the first material and are or comprise vessel-forming cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells. 14. A biological three-dimensional structure produced by the process of claim 1. 15. The biological three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 14, wherein the three-dimensional structure is a liver tissue structure, a cardiac tissue structure, a kidney tissue structure, an alveolar structure, a skin structure, a bone structure with or without bone marrow, a cartilage structure, a neural structure or mixed forms thereof. 16. A method of using the three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 14 as a model for tissue genesis. 17. A method of using the three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 14 as a tissue model for testing forms of therapy or for stratifying a therapy or for testing or identifying active-ingredient candidates. | 3,600 |
342,928 | 16,642,646 | 3,641 | In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method comprises defining propagation analysis points for radial line Rp; obtaining, from an external database, terrain elevation data for the radial line Rp up to a maximum radial distance; determining the contour point for the radial line Rp; and upon determining the contour points for M radii, generating a protection zone perimeter. | 1. A spectrum access system (SAS) control system of a first SAS, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to: on a radial line by radial line basis, define propagation analysis points for at least one radial line; for each radial line, determine terrain elevation data for a propagation analysis point on the corresponding radial line at a maximum radial distance, where the terrain elevation data is determined using terrain elevations, for terrain elevation points on a radial line, obtained from an external database; for each radial line, determine contour points; and upon determining the contour points, generate a protection zone perimeter around a radio, where the processing circuitry is further configured to regulate transmission of one or more other radios in the protection zone perimeter so that a level of interference from the one or more other radios within the protection zone does not exceed a first threshold level; a communications system coupled to the processing circuitry; and wherein the communications system is configured to be coupled to the external database and at least one radio. 2. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein the communications system is configured to be coupled to at least one of: at least one environmental sensing capability (ESC) system, and at least one other SAS. 3. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein determining terrain elevation data comprises estimate a terrain elevation for a terrain elevation point on a radial line using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 4. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises calculate the lateral position of each terrain elevation point on each radial line using a lateral position R0,0 of the radio, an incremental distance between terrain elevation points on each radial line, and one of Vincenty's formulae. 5. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein defining the propagation analysis points comprises select (N+1) * (360/m) propagation analysis points, where m is an incremental angle and N is a number of propagation analysis points along each radial line. 6. A method comprising,
defining propagation analysis points for radial line Rp; determining terrain elevation data for a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp at a maximum distance, where the terrain elevation data is generated using terrain elevations, for terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, obtained from an external database; determining the contour point for the radial line Rp; and upon determining contour points for M radii, generating a protection zone perimeter around a radio, where transmission of one or more other radios in the protection zone perimeter is regulated so that a level of interference at the radio from the one or more other radios within the protection zone does not exceed a first threshold level. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein generating the protection zone perimeter further comprises low pass filtering the protection zone perimeter. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises:
estimating a terrain elevation for a terrain elevation point on the radial line Rp using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database, using the obtained set of elevations,. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein estimating the terrain elevation comprises interpolating terrain elevation using the two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises calculating the lateral position of each terrain elevation point on the radial line Rp using a lateral position of a radio R0,0, an incremental distance between terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, and one of Vincenty's formulae. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein defining the propagation analysis points comprises:
selecting (N+1) * (360/m) propagation analysis points, where m is an incremental angle and N is a number of propagation analysis points along each radial line Rp. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining N by taking the integer value of the quotient of a maximum radial distance Rmax divided by an incremental distance between propagation analysis points on the radial line Rp. 14. A program product comprising a non-transitory processor readable medium on which program instructions are embodied, wherein the program instructions are configured, when executed by at least one programmable processor, to cause the at least one programmable processor to:
define propagation analysis points for radial line Rp; determine terrain elevation data for a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp at a maximum distance, where the terrain elevation data is generated using terrain elevations, for terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, obtained from an external database; determine the contour point for the radial line Rp; and upon determining contour points for M radii, generating a protection zone perimeter around a radio, where transmission of one or more other radios in the protection zone perimeter is regulated so that a level of interference at the radio from the one or more other radios within the protection zone does not exceed a first threshold level. 15. The program product of claim 14, wherein generating the protection zone perimeter further comprises low pass filter the protection zone perimeter. 16. The program product of claim 14, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises:
estimate a terrain elevation for a terrain elevation point on the radial line using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 17. The program product of claim 16, wherein estimating the terrain elevation comprises interpolating terrain elevation using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 18. The program product of claim 14, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises:
calculate the lateral position of each terrain elevation point on the radial line Rp using a lateral position of a radio R0,0, an incremental distance between terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, and one of Vincenty's formulae. 19. The program product of claim 14, wherein defining the propagation analysis points comprises:
selecting (N+1) * (360/m) propagation analysis points, where m is an incremental angle and N is a number of propagation analysis points along each radial line Rp. 20. The program product of claim 19, wherein the program instructions are further configured to cause the at least one programmable processor to determine N by taking the integer value of the quotient of a maximum radial distance Rmax divided by an incremental distance between propagation analysis points on a radial line Rp. 21. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein determining the contour point comprises:
for each propagation analysis point, match the lateral position of the propagation analysis point to a closest lateral position of a terrain elevation point on the radial line; obtain elevations from the terrain elevation data for a subset of terrain elevation points on the radial line corresponding to each propagation analysis point on the radial line; and determine a propagation analysis point on the radial line closest to the radio from which the radial line projects where an estimated power level is below a second threshold level. 22. The SAS control system of claim 3, wherein estimating the terrain elevation comprises interpolate a terrain elevation using the two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 23. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the contour point comprises:
for each propagation analysis point, matching the lateral position of the propagation analysis point to a closest lateral position of a terrain elevation point on the radial line; obtaining elevations from the terrain elevation data for a subset of terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp corresponding to each propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp; and determining a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp closest to the radio from which the radial line Rp projects where an estimated power level is below a second threshold level. 24. The program product of claim 14, wherein determining the contour point comprises:
for each propagation analysis point, match the lateral position of the propagation analysis point to a closest lateral position of a terrain elevation point on the radial line; obtain elevations from the terrain elevation data for a subset of terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp corresponding to each propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp; and determine a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp closest to the radio from which the radial line Rp projects where an estimated power level is below a second threshold level. | In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method comprises defining propagation analysis points for radial line Rp; obtaining, from an external database, terrain elevation data for the radial line Rp up to a maximum radial distance; determining the contour point for the radial line Rp; and upon determining the contour points for M radii, generating a protection zone perimeter.1. A spectrum access system (SAS) control system of a first SAS, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to: on a radial line by radial line basis, define propagation analysis points for at least one radial line; for each radial line, determine terrain elevation data for a propagation analysis point on the corresponding radial line at a maximum radial distance, where the terrain elevation data is determined using terrain elevations, for terrain elevation points on a radial line, obtained from an external database; for each radial line, determine contour points; and upon determining the contour points, generate a protection zone perimeter around a radio, where the processing circuitry is further configured to regulate transmission of one or more other radios in the protection zone perimeter so that a level of interference from the one or more other radios within the protection zone does not exceed a first threshold level; a communications system coupled to the processing circuitry; and wherein the communications system is configured to be coupled to the external database and at least one radio. 2. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein the communications system is configured to be coupled to at least one of: at least one environmental sensing capability (ESC) system, and at least one other SAS. 3. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein determining terrain elevation data comprises estimate a terrain elevation for a terrain elevation point on a radial line using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 4. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises calculate the lateral position of each terrain elevation point on each radial line using a lateral position R0,0 of the radio, an incremental distance between terrain elevation points on each radial line, and one of Vincenty's formulae. 5. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein defining the propagation analysis points comprises select (N+1) * (360/m) propagation analysis points, where m is an incremental angle and N is a number of propagation analysis points along each radial line. 6. A method comprising,
defining propagation analysis points for radial line Rp; determining terrain elevation data for a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp at a maximum distance, where the terrain elevation data is generated using terrain elevations, for terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, obtained from an external database; determining the contour point for the radial line Rp; and upon determining contour points for M radii, generating a protection zone perimeter around a radio, where transmission of one or more other radios in the protection zone perimeter is regulated so that a level of interference at the radio from the one or more other radios within the protection zone does not exceed a first threshold level. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein generating the protection zone perimeter further comprises low pass filtering the protection zone perimeter. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises:
estimating a terrain elevation for a terrain elevation point on the radial line Rp using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database, using the obtained set of elevations,. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein estimating the terrain elevation comprises interpolating terrain elevation using the two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises calculating the lateral position of each terrain elevation point on the radial line Rp using a lateral position of a radio R0,0, an incremental distance between terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, and one of Vincenty's formulae. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein defining the propagation analysis points comprises:
selecting (N+1) * (360/m) propagation analysis points, where m is an incremental angle and N is a number of propagation analysis points along each radial line Rp. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining N by taking the integer value of the quotient of a maximum radial distance Rmax divided by an incremental distance between propagation analysis points on the radial line Rp. 14. A program product comprising a non-transitory processor readable medium on which program instructions are embodied, wherein the program instructions are configured, when executed by at least one programmable processor, to cause the at least one programmable processor to:
define propagation analysis points for radial line Rp; determine terrain elevation data for a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp at a maximum distance, where the terrain elevation data is generated using terrain elevations, for terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, obtained from an external database; determine the contour point for the radial line Rp; and upon determining contour points for M radii, generating a protection zone perimeter around a radio, where transmission of one or more other radios in the protection zone perimeter is regulated so that a level of interference at the radio from the one or more other radios within the protection zone does not exceed a first threshold level. 15. The program product of claim 14, wherein generating the protection zone perimeter further comprises low pass filter the protection zone perimeter. 16. The program product of claim 14, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises:
estimate a terrain elevation for a terrain elevation point on the radial line using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 17. The program product of claim 16, wherein estimating the terrain elevation comprises interpolating terrain elevation using two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 18. The program product of claim 14, wherein determining the terrain elevation data comprises:
calculate the lateral position of each terrain elevation point on the radial line Rp using a lateral position of a radio R0,0, an incremental distance between terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp, and one of Vincenty's formulae. 19. The program product of claim 14, wherein defining the propagation analysis points comprises:
selecting (N+1) * (360/m) propagation analysis points, where m is an incremental angle and N is a number of propagation analysis points along each radial line Rp. 20. The program product of claim 19, wherein the program instructions are further configured to cause the at least one programmable processor to determine N by taking the integer value of the quotient of a maximum radial distance Rmax divided by an incremental distance between propagation analysis points on a radial line Rp. 21. The SAS control system of claim 1, wherein determining the contour point comprises:
for each propagation analysis point, match the lateral position of the propagation analysis point to a closest lateral position of a terrain elevation point on the radial line; obtain elevations from the terrain elevation data for a subset of terrain elevation points on the radial line corresponding to each propagation analysis point on the radial line; and determine a propagation analysis point on the radial line closest to the radio from which the radial line projects where an estimated power level is below a second threshold level. 22. The SAS control system of claim 3, wherein estimating the terrain elevation comprises interpolate a terrain elevation using the two or more terrain elevations obtained from the external database. 23. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the contour point comprises:
for each propagation analysis point, matching the lateral position of the propagation analysis point to a closest lateral position of a terrain elevation point on the radial line; obtaining elevations from the terrain elevation data for a subset of terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp corresponding to each propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp; and determining a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp closest to the radio from which the radial line Rp projects where an estimated power level is below a second threshold level. 24. The program product of claim 14, wherein determining the contour point comprises:
for each propagation analysis point, match the lateral position of the propagation analysis point to a closest lateral position of a terrain elevation point on the radial line; obtain elevations from the terrain elevation data for a subset of terrain elevation points on the radial line Rp corresponding to each propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp; and determine a propagation analysis point on the radial line Rp closest to the radio from which the radial line Rp projects where an estimated power level is below a second threshold level. | 3,600 |
342,929 | 16,642,626 | 3,641 | A footlet provided with a part manufactured on an apparatus for reciprocating knitting by knitting. The part comprises a ring-shaped opening limited by an edge and an elastic strip extending along the edge of the opening. The elastic strip comprises an elastic tape attached to the edge of the knitted part by an adhesive. During applying the elastic strip the knitted part of the ring-shaped opening is cut off at least partly along the edge so that a lateral side of the elastic strip almost coincides with a lateral side of the edge of the ring-shaped opening. | 1. A footlet provided with a part manufactured on an apparatus for reciprocating knitting by knitting that comprises a ring-shaped opening limited by an edge and an elastic strip extending along the edge of the opening,
wherein the elastic strip comprises an elastic tape attached to the edge of the knitted part by an adhesive, the knitted part during applying of the elastic strip being cut off at least partly along the edge of the ring-shaped opening so that a lateral side of the elastic strip almost coincides with a lateral side of the edge of the ring-shaped opening. 2. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the knitted part comprises a heel part, a toe part and a middle part located between the heel part and the toe part, which middle part comprises sides extending on both sides between the heel part and the toe part, the edge limiting the opening comprises an edge of the toe part, edges of both lateral sides of the middle part and an edge of the heel part. 3. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the elastic strap extends almost along the entire edge of the toe part, middle part and the heel part of the knitted part. 4. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the knitted part comprises a toe part, the edge limiting the opening comprising a circular edge of the toe part. 5. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the knitted part is knitted seamlessly. 6. The footlet of claim 2, wherein ends of the elastic strip overlap and are attached to each other with an adhesive. 7. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the elastic strip is manufactured of a material, which material itself comprises anti-slip features. 8. The footlet of claim 7, wherein the material comprises silicones. 9. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the elastic strip is attached to the knitted part by hot-melt as adhesive. 10. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the elastic strip has a width of 5-15 millimetres, preferably 5-10 millimetres and even more preferably about 5 millimetres. 11. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the elastic strip is provided with passages. 12. A method for manufacturing a footlet according to claim 1, a knitted part being manufactured with an apparatus for reciprocating knitting, which knitted part comprises a ring-shaped opening limited by an edge and an elastic strip extending along the edge of the opening,
wherein the elastic strip comprises an elastic tape, which elastic tape is attached to an edge of the knitted part with an adhesive and the knitted part along the edge of the ring-shaped opening during applying of the elastic strip is cut off at least partly so that a lateral side of the elastic strip almost coincides with a lateral side of the edge of the ring-shaped opening. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the knitted part is knitted seamlessly. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein ends of the elastic strip overlap and are attached to each other with an adhesive. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the elastic strip is attached at the knitted part by holt-melt as adhesive. | A footlet provided with a part manufactured on an apparatus for reciprocating knitting by knitting. The part comprises a ring-shaped opening limited by an edge and an elastic strip extending along the edge of the opening. The elastic strip comprises an elastic tape attached to the edge of the knitted part by an adhesive. During applying the elastic strip the knitted part of the ring-shaped opening is cut off at least partly along the edge so that a lateral side of the elastic strip almost coincides with a lateral side of the edge of the ring-shaped opening.1. A footlet provided with a part manufactured on an apparatus for reciprocating knitting by knitting that comprises a ring-shaped opening limited by an edge and an elastic strip extending along the edge of the opening,
wherein the elastic strip comprises an elastic tape attached to the edge of the knitted part by an adhesive, the knitted part during applying of the elastic strip being cut off at least partly along the edge of the ring-shaped opening so that a lateral side of the elastic strip almost coincides with a lateral side of the edge of the ring-shaped opening. 2. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the knitted part comprises a heel part, a toe part and a middle part located between the heel part and the toe part, which middle part comprises sides extending on both sides between the heel part and the toe part, the edge limiting the opening comprises an edge of the toe part, edges of both lateral sides of the middle part and an edge of the heel part. 3. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the elastic strap extends almost along the entire edge of the toe part, middle part and the heel part of the knitted part. 4. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the knitted part comprises a toe part, the edge limiting the opening comprising a circular edge of the toe part. 5. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the knitted part is knitted seamlessly. 6. The footlet of claim 2, wherein ends of the elastic strip overlap and are attached to each other with an adhesive. 7. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the elastic strip is manufactured of a material, which material itself comprises anti-slip features. 8. The footlet of claim 7, wherein the material comprises silicones. 9. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the elastic strip is attached to the knitted part by hot-melt as adhesive. 10. The footlet of claim 2, wherein the elastic strip has a width of 5-15 millimetres, preferably 5-10 millimetres and even more preferably about 5 millimetres. 11. The footlet of claim 1, wherein the elastic strip is provided with passages. 12. A method for manufacturing a footlet according to claim 1, a knitted part being manufactured with an apparatus for reciprocating knitting, which knitted part comprises a ring-shaped opening limited by an edge and an elastic strip extending along the edge of the opening,
wherein the elastic strip comprises an elastic tape, which elastic tape is attached to an edge of the knitted part with an adhesive and the knitted part along the edge of the ring-shaped opening during applying of the elastic strip is cut off at least partly so that a lateral side of the elastic strip almost coincides with a lateral side of the edge of the ring-shaped opening. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the knitted part is knitted seamlessly. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein ends of the elastic strip overlap and are attached to each other with an adhesive. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the elastic strip is attached at the knitted part by holt-melt as adhesive. | 3,600 |
342,930 | 16,642,629 | 3,641 | A display device and a method for controlling the display device are disclosed. The display device includes a backlight module and a liquid crystal cell on a light emitting side of the backlight module. The liquid crystal cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed in a first direction opposite to the first electrode, a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a diffractive optical element in the liquid crystal layer. A refractive index of the diffractive optical element is equal to a short-axis refractive index of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal cell is divided into a first portion where the liquid crystal molecules are capable of rotating in a first plane and a second portion in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction where liquid crystal molecules are capable of rotating in a first plane. | 1. A display device comprising a backlight module and a liquid crystal cell located on a light emitting side of the backlight module, the liquid crystal cell comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode disposed in a first direction opposite to the first electrode; a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a diffractive optical element in the liquid crystal layer, wherein a refractive index of the diffractive optical element is equal to a short-axis refractive index of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer, and wherein the liquid crystal cell is divided into a first portion and a second portion in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein liquid crystal molecules of the first portion are capable of rotating in a first plane, and wherein liquid crystal molecules of the second portion are capable of rotating in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the first portion have a first initial orientation, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion have a second initial orientation, and wherein the first initial orientation and the second initial orientation are perpendicular to each other and both parallel to a third plane perpendicular to the first and second planes. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a positive liquid crystal. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein a difference between a long-axis refractive index and a short-axis refractive index of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer is between 1.522 and 1.822. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the diffractive optical element comprises a multi-step grating. 6. The display device according to claim 2, further comprising a first alignment layer on a side of the first electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer on a side of the second electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer, wherein an orientation of the first alignment layer is perpendicular to an orientation of the second alignment layer. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the backlight module comprises:
a light guide plate having a light emergent surface and a bottom surface opposite to the light emergent surface; a light source located at an end of the light guide plate and on a side of the bottom surface of the light guide plate; a collimating optical component located between the bottom surface of the light guide plate and the light source; and a coupling grating located on the light emergent surface of the light guide plate and facing towards the collimating optical component. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the light source comprises at least one of a monochrome LED light source, a monochrome OLED light source, or a monochrome laser light source. 9. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the collimating optical element comprises at least one of a collimating lens or a free-form curved mirror. 10. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the coupling grating comprises at least one of a tilted grating, a holographic Bragg grating, or a step grating. 11. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter layer on a side of the second electrode away from the liquid crystal layer. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the color filter layer comprises a quantum dot. 13. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a control element configured to:
control an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode of the first portion so as to rotate in a first plane the liquid crystal molecules of the first portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a first polarized component of light propagating in the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the first polarized component is parallel to the first plane; and control the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode of the second portion so as to rotate in a second plane the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a second polarized component of light propagating in the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized component is parallel to the second plane. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the diffractive optical element is configured such that, in a case where the first polarized component is diffracted out of the light guide plate, a portion of the light guide plate corresponding to the second portion transmits only the second polarized component. 15. A method for controlling a display device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
controlling an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrodes in the first portion so as to rotate in a first plane the liquid crystal molecules in the first portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a first polarized component of light propagating through the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the first polarized component is parallel to the first plane; and controlling an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrodes of the second portion so as to rotate in the second plane the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a second polarized component of light propagating through the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized component is parallel to the second plane. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting only the second polarized component by a portion of the light guide plate corresponding to the second portion, in a case where the first polarized component is diffracted out of the light guide plate. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the first portion have a first initial orientation, and the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion have a second initial orientation, and wherein the first initial orientation and the second initial orientation are perpendicular to each other and both parallel to a third plane perpendicular to the first and second planes. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a positive liquid crystal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein a difference between a long-axis refractive index and a short-axis refractive index of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer is between 1.522 and 1.822. 20. The method according to claim 17, further comprising a first alignment layer on a side of the first electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer on a side of the second electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer, wherein an orientation of the first alignment layer is perpendicular to an orientation of the second alignment layer. | A display device and a method for controlling the display device are disclosed. The display device includes a backlight module and a liquid crystal cell on a light emitting side of the backlight module. The liquid crystal cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed in a first direction opposite to the first electrode, a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a diffractive optical element in the liquid crystal layer. A refractive index of the diffractive optical element is equal to a short-axis refractive index of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal cell is divided into a first portion where the liquid crystal molecules are capable of rotating in a first plane and a second portion in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction where liquid crystal molecules are capable of rotating in a first plane.1. A display device comprising a backlight module and a liquid crystal cell located on a light emitting side of the backlight module, the liquid crystal cell comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode disposed in a first direction opposite to the first electrode; a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a diffractive optical element in the liquid crystal layer, wherein a refractive index of the diffractive optical element is equal to a short-axis refractive index of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer, and wherein the liquid crystal cell is divided into a first portion and a second portion in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein liquid crystal molecules of the first portion are capable of rotating in a first plane, and wherein liquid crystal molecules of the second portion are capable of rotating in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the first portion have a first initial orientation, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion have a second initial orientation, and wherein the first initial orientation and the second initial orientation are perpendicular to each other and both parallel to a third plane perpendicular to the first and second planes. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a positive liquid crystal. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein a difference between a long-axis refractive index and a short-axis refractive index of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer is between 1.522 and 1.822. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the diffractive optical element comprises a multi-step grating. 6. The display device according to claim 2, further comprising a first alignment layer on a side of the first electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer on a side of the second electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer, wherein an orientation of the first alignment layer is perpendicular to an orientation of the second alignment layer. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the backlight module comprises:
a light guide plate having a light emergent surface and a bottom surface opposite to the light emergent surface; a light source located at an end of the light guide plate and on a side of the bottom surface of the light guide plate; a collimating optical component located between the bottom surface of the light guide plate and the light source; and a coupling grating located on the light emergent surface of the light guide plate and facing towards the collimating optical component. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the light source comprises at least one of a monochrome LED light source, a monochrome OLED light source, or a monochrome laser light source. 9. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the collimating optical element comprises at least one of a collimating lens or a free-form curved mirror. 10. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the coupling grating comprises at least one of a tilted grating, a holographic Bragg grating, or a step grating. 11. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter layer on a side of the second electrode away from the liquid crystal layer. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the color filter layer comprises a quantum dot. 13. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a control element configured to:
control an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode of the first portion so as to rotate in a first plane the liquid crystal molecules of the first portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a first polarized component of light propagating in the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the first polarized component is parallel to the first plane; and control the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode of the second portion so as to rotate in a second plane the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a second polarized component of light propagating in the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized component is parallel to the second plane. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the diffractive optical element is configured such that, in a case where the first polarized component is diffracted out of the light guide plate, a portion of the light guide plate corresponding to the second portion transmits only the second polarized component. 15. A method for controlling a display device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
controlling an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrodes in the first portion so as to rotate in a first plane the liquid crystal molecules in the first portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a first polarized component of light propagating through the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the first polarized component is parallel to the first plane; and controlling an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrodes of the second portion so as to rotate in the second plane the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion, so that the diffractive optical element diffracts a second polarized component of light propagating through the light guide plate of the backlight module out of the light guide plate, wherein a polarization direction of the second polarized component is parallel to the second plane. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting only the second polarized component by a portion of the light guide plate corresponding to the second portion, in a case where the first polarized component is diffracted out of the light guide plate. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the first portion have a first initial orientation, and the liquid crystal molecules of the second portion have a second initial orientation, and wherein the first initial orientation and the second initial orientation are perpendicular to each other and both parallel to a third plane perpendicular to the first and second planes. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a positive liquid crystal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein a difference between a long-axis refractive index and a short-axis refractive index of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer is between 1.522 and 1.822. 20. The method according to claim 17, further comprising a first alignment layer on a side of the first electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer on a side of the second electrode facing towards the liquid crystal layer, wherein an orientation of the first alignment layer is perpendicular to an orientation of the second alignment layer. | 3,600 |
342,931 | 16,642,670 | 3,641 | This vehicle cleaner unit is provided with: a cylinder unit comprising a cylinder which forms a chamber, a discharge port through which the chamber opens to the outside, and a piston which reciprocates inside of the cylinder and discharges from the discharge port a cleaning medium inside of the chamber; a power unit comprising a motor, a power transmission mechanism which transmits rotary motion of the motor to the piston to cause the piston to reciprocate, and a housing which houses the motor and the power transmission mechanism; and a casing which houses the cylinder unit and the power unit. The cylinder unit and the power unit are supported by the casing with rubber members interposed therebetween. | 1. A vehicle cleaner unit comprising:
a cylinder unit comprising a cylinder configured to form therein a chamber, a discharge port through which the chamber communicates with an outside, and a piston configured to reciprocate inside of the cylinder to discharge from the discharge port a cleaning medium inside of the chamber: a power unit comprising a motor, a power transmission mechanism configured to rotary motion of the motor to the piston to cause the piston to reciprocate, and a housing configured to house therein the motor and the power transmission mechanism; and a casing configured to house the cylinder unit and the power unit, wherein the cylinder unit and the power unit are supported to the casing with a rubber member being interposed therebetween. 2. The vehicle cleaner unit according to claim 1, wherein the rubber member is provided on both one side and the other side of the piston in a reciprocation direction in which the piston is to reciprocate. 3. The vehicle cleaner unit according to claim 1, wherein the rubber member has:
a large-diameter part attached to the casing, a small-diameter part attached to the cylinder unit or the power unit, and a connection part configured to interconnect the large-diameter part and the small-diameter part, and, wherein stiffness of the connection part is smaller than stiffness of the large-diameter part and stiffness of the small-diameter part. 4. The vehicle cleaner unit according to claim 1, wherein a conduit tube through which a wiring extending from the motor is to pass is inserted in the rubber member. 5. A side turn signal lamp with a camera comprising:
a light source unit comprising a light source, and a light guide body on which light generated from the light source is to be incident; a camera unit comprising a camera lens and an imaging element; a cleaner unit comprising a cleaning medium delivery part through which a cleaning medium is to be discharged toward the camera lens; and a base frame having integrally a light source attachment part to which the light source unit is attached, a camera attachment part to which the camera unit is attached, and a cleaner attachment part to which the cleaner unit is attached. 6. The side turn signal lamp with a camera according to claim 5, wherein the base frame is provided with a tube path configured to guide the cleaning medium from the cleaning medium delivery part toward the camera lens. 7. The side turn signal lamp with a camera according to claim 5, wherein a cover member configured to cover at least a part of at least one of the light source unit and the base frame is provided. 8. The side turn signal lamp with a camera according to claim 7, wherein the camera lens is fixed to the cover member, and
wherein the cover member is provided with a nozzle configured to discharge the cleaning medium toward the camera lens. | This vehicle cleaner unit is provided with: a cylinder unit comprising a cylinder which forms a chamber, a discharge port through which the chamber opens to the outside, and a piston which reciprocates inside of the cylinder and discharges from the discharge port a cleaning medium inside of the chamber; a power unit comprising a motor, a power transmission mechanism which transmits rotary motion of the motor to the piston to cause the piston to reciprocate, and a housing which houses the motor and the power transmission mechanism; and a casing which houses the cylinder unit and the power unit. The cylinder unit and the power unit are supported by the casing with rubber members interposed therebetween.1. A vehicle cleaner unit comprising:
a cylinder unit comprising a cylinder configured to form therein a chamber, a discharge port through which the chamber communicates with an outside, and a piston configured to reciprocate inside of the cylinder to discharge from the discharge port a cleaning medium inside of the chamber: a power unit comprising a motor, a power transmission mechanism configured to rotary motion of the motor to the piston to cause the piston to reciprocate, and a housing configured to house therein the motor and the power transmission mechanism; and a casing configured to house the cylinder unit and the power unit, wherein the cylinder unit and the power unit are supported to the casing with a rubber member being interposed therebetween. 2. The vehicle cleaner unit according to claim 1, wherein the rubber member is provided on both one side and the other side of the piston in a reciprocation direction in which the piston is to reciprocate. 3. The vehicle cleaner unit according to claim 1, wherein the rubber member has:
a large-diameter part attached to the casing, a small-diameter part attached to the cylinder unit or the power unit, and a connection part configured to interconnect the large-diameter part and the small-diameter part, and, wherein stiffness of the connection part is smaller than stiffness of the large-diameter part and stiffness of the small-diameter part. 4. The vehicle cleaner unit according to claim 1, wherein a conduit tube through which a wiring extending from the motor is to pass is inserted in the rubber member. 5. A side turn signal lamp with a camera comprising:
a light source unit comprising a light source, and a light guide body on which light generated from the light source is to be incident; a camera unit comprising a camera lens and an imaging element; a cleaner unit comprising a cleaning medium delivery part through which a cleaning medium is to be discharged toward the camera lens; and a base frame having integrally a light source attachment part to which the light source unit is attached, a camera attachment part to which the camera unit is attached, and a cleaner attachment part to which the cleaner unit is attached. 6. The side turn signal lamp with a camera according to claim 5, wherein the base frame is provided with a tube path configured to guide the cleaning medium from the cleaning medium delivery part toward the camera lens. 7. The side turn signal lamp with a camera according to claim 5, wherein a cover member configured to cover at least a part of at least one of the light source unit and the base frame is provided. 8. The side turn signal lamp with a camera according to claim 7, wherein the camera lens is fixed to the cover member, and
wherein the cover member is provided with a nozzle configured to discharge the cleaning medium toward the camera lens. | 3,600 |
342,932 | 16,642,666 | 3,641 | A spliced display device and a configuration method thereof, and a display server and a control method thereof are provided. The configuration method may be applied to a spliced display device, and the spliced display device includes a plurality of displays spliced together in an array. The configuration method includes: receiving display control information sent by a display server in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least includes position setting information; and configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A configuration method for a spliced display device, wherein the spliced display device comprises a plurality of displays spliced together in an array, and the configuration method comprises:
receiving display control information sent by a display server in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information. 22. The configuration method according to claim 21, wherein the configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information comprises:
setting a display position of a start display of the plurality of displays according to the position setting information; modifying the position setting information to obtain a next position setting information, and transmitting the next position setting information obtained by the modifying to a next display; and setting a display position of the next display according to the next position setting information. 23. The configuration method according to claim 22, wherein the configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information further comprises:
determining whether the next display is a last display; and in a case where it is determined that the next display is not the last display, performing the modifying the position setting information to obtain a next position setting information, and the transmitting the next position setting information obtained by the modifying to a next display; and the setting a display position of the next display according to the next position setting information. 24. The configuration method according to claim 22, wherein the position setting information at least comprises a first function identification parameter, a splicing number parameter and a connection position parameter;
the setting a display position of a start display of the plurality of displays according to the position setting information comprises: controlling the start display to be turned on and start to execute a display position transmission function, according to the first function identification parameter and the connection position parameter; determining and storing a boundary parameter and a display scaling parameter of the array of the plurality of displays, according to the splicing number parameter; storing the connection position parameter as a preset display position information of the start display; determining and storing a display start position and a display end position of a display picture to be displayed by the start display, according to the connection position parameter; and controlling the start display to display the display picture, according to the display start position and the display end position of the display picture to be displayed by the start display. 25. The configuration method according to claim 24, wherein the modifying the position setting information to obtain a next position setting information comprises:
modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a next connection position parameter, wherein the next position setting information comprises the first function identification parameter, the splicing number parameter and the next connection position parameter; the setting a display position of the next display according to the next position setting information comprises: controlling the next display to be turned on and start to execute a display position transmission function, according to the first function identification parameter and the next connection position parameter; storing the next connection position parameter as a preset display position information of the next display; determining and storing a display start position and a display end position of a display picture to be displayed by the next display, according to the next connection position parameter; and controlling the next display to display the display picture, according to the display start position and the display end position of the display picture to be displayed by the next display. 26. The configuration method according to claim 25, wherein the modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a next connection position parameter comprises:
modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a to-be-determined parameter; performing a boundary determination on the to-be-determined parameter according to the boundary parameter of the array of the plurality of displays; in a case where the to-be-determined parameter is within a range of the boundary parameter, taking the to-be-determined parameter as the next connection position parameter; and in a case where the to-be-determined parameter is not within the range of the boundary parameter, remodifying the connection position parameter to obtain a to-be-determined parameter within the range of the boundary parameter, and taking the to-be-determined parameter obtained by the remodifying as the next connection position parameter. 27. The configuration method according to claim 26, wherein the connection position parameter comprises a connection row coordinate value and a connection column coordinate value, and the boundary parameter comprises a boundary row coordinate range and a boundary column coordinate range;
the modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a to-be-determined parameter comprises: adding 1 to one of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, or subtracting 1 from the one of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, to obtain a to-be-determined row coordinate value and a to-be-determined column coordinate value; the performing a boundary determination on the to-be-determined parameter according to the boundary parameter of the array of the plurality of displays comprises: comparing the to-be-determined row coordinate value with the boundary row coordinate range, and comparing the to-be-determined column coordinate value with the boundary column coordinate range; in a case where the to-be-determined row coordinate value is within the boundary row coordinate range and the to-be-determined column coordinate value is within the boundary column coordinate range, determining the to-be-determined row coordinate value and the to-be-determined column coordinate value as the next connection position parameter; and in a case where the to-be-determined row coordinate value is not within the boundary row coordinate range and/or the to-be-determined column coordinate value is not within the boundary column coordinate range, adding 1 to the other of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, or subtracting 1 from the other of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, to obtain a to-be-determined row coordinate value within the boundary row coordinate range and a to-be-determined column coordinate value within the boundary column coordinate range, and taking the to-be-determined row coordinate value and the to-be-determined column coordinate value, which are obtained by remodifying, as the next connection position parameter. 28. The configuration method according to claim 22, wherein the display control information further comprises display debugging information,
the configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information further comprises: performing display parameter debugging on a specified display of the plurality of displays according to the display debugging information and preset display position information of the displays. 29. The configuration method according to claim 28, wherein the display debugging information at least comprises a second function identification parameter, a first debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a first debugging connection position parameter; the preset display position information at least comprises a display position parameter;
the performing display parameter debugging on a specified display of the plurality of displays according to the display debugging information and preset display position information of the displays comprises: transmitting the display debugging information to the start display of the plurality of displays according to the first debugging connection position parameter; determining a display mode of the start display to be collaborative display or separate display and starting to execute a display parameter debugging function, according to the second function identification parameter; comparing the first debugging position parameter with a preset display position parameter of the start display; in a case where the first debugging position parameter is the same as the preset display position parameter of the start display, determining the start display as the specified display; in a case where the first debugging position parameter is different from the preset display position parameter of the start display, modifying the first debugging connection position parameter to obtain a next first debugging connection position parameter; transmitting the display debugging information to a next display next to the start display according to the next first debugging connection position parameter; comparing the first debugging position parameter with a preset display position parameter of the next display, repeating this process until a display of which a preset display position parameter is the same as the first debugging position parameter is found out, and determining the display of which a preset display position parameter is the same as the first debugging position parameter as the specified display; and debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter. 30. The configuration method according to claim 28, further comprising determining a display position serial number corresponding to each of the displays according to the preset display position information of the displays;
the display debugging information at least comprises a second function identification parameter, a second debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a second debugging connection position parameter; the performing display parameter debugging on a specified display of the plurality of displays according to the display debugging information and preset display position information of the displays comprises: transmitting the display debugging information to the start display of the plurality of displays according to the second debugging connection position parameter; determining a display mode of the start display to be collaborative display or separate display and starting to execute a display parameter debugging function, according to the second function identification parameter; comparing the second debugging position parameter with the display position serial number corresponding to the start display; in a case where the second debugging position parameter is the same as the display position serial number corresponding to the start display, determining the start display as the specified display; in a case where the second debugging position parameter is different from the display position serial number corresponding to the start display, modifying the second debugging connection position parameter to obtain a next second debugging connection position parameter; transmitting the display debugging information to a next display next to the start display according to the next second debugging connection position parameter; comparing the second debugging position parameter with the display position serial number corresponding to the next display, repeating this process until a display of which the display position serial number is the same as the second debugging position parameter is found out, and determining the display of which the display position serial number is the same as the second debugging position parameter as the specified display; and debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter. 31. The configuration method according to claim 29, wherein the debugging display parameter comprise a display brightness parameter, a display contrast parameter, a display color saturation parameter, and a gain parameter and an offset parameter of pixels comprised in the specified display;
the debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter comprises: adjusting a display brightness of the specified display according to the display brightness parameter; adjusting a display contrast of the specified display according to the display contrast parameter; adjusting a display color saturation of the specified display according to the display color saturation parameter; adjusting a gain of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the gain parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display; and adjusting an offset of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the offset parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display. 32. A control method for a display server, the control method comprising:
generating display control information in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and transmitting the display control information to a spliced display device. 33. The control method according to claim 32, wherein the generating display control information in a preset protocol format comprises:
setting a first function identification parameter, a splicing number parameter and a connection position parameter; and generating the position setting information according to the first function identification parameter, the splicing number parameter and the connection position parameter. 34. The control method according to claim 32, wherein the display control information further comprises display debugging information, and the generating display control information in a preset protocol format comprises:
setting a second function identification parameter, a first debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a first debugging connection position parameter which are comprised in the display debugging information; and generating the display debugging information according to the second function identification parameter, the first debugging position parameter, the debugging display parameter and the first debugging connection position parameter; or setting a second function identification parameter, a second debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a second debugging connection position parameter which are comprised in the display debugging information; and generating the display debugging information according to the second function identification parameter, the second debugging position parameter, the debugging display parameter and the second debugging connection position parameter. 35. A spliced display device, comprising a plurality of displays spliced together, wherein the spliced display device further comprises:
a receiver configured to receive display control information sent by a display server in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and a configurator configured to configure the plurality of displays according to the display control information. 36. A display server, comprising:
an information generator configured to generate display control information in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and an information transmitter configured to transmit the display control information to the spliced display device according to claim 35. 37. A spliced display device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the computer program, when being executed by the processor, implements the configuration method according to claim 21. 38. A display server, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the computer program, when being executed by the processor, implements the control method according to claim 32. 39. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out steps of the configuration method according to claim 21. 40. The configuration method according to claim 30, wherein the debugging display parameter comprise a display brightness parameter, a display contrast parameter, a display color saturation parameter, and a gain parameter and an offset parameter of pixels comprised in the specified display;
the debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter comprises: adjusting a display brightness of the specified display according to the display brightness parameter; adjusting a display contrast of the specified display according to the display contrast parameter; adjusting a display color saturation of the specified display according to the display color saturation parameter; adjusting a gain of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the gain parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display; and adjusting an offset of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the offset parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display. | A spliced display device and a configuration method thereof, and a display server and a control method thereof are provided. The configuration method may be applied to a spliced display device, and the spliced display device includes a plurality of displays spliced together in an array. The configuration method includes: receiving display control information sent by a display server in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least includes position setting information; and configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information.1-20. (canceled) 21. A configuration method for a spliced display device, wherein the spliced display device comprises a plurality of displays spliced together in an array, and the configuration method comprises:
receiving display control information sent by a display server in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information. 22. The configuration method according to claim 21, wherein the configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information comprises:
setting a display position of a start display of the plurality of displays according to the position setting information; modifying the position setting information to obtain a next position setting information, and transmitting the next position setting information obtained by the modifying to a next display; and setting a display position of the next display according to the next position setting information. 23. The configuration method according to claim 22, wherein the configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information further comprises:
determining whether the next display is a last display; and in a case where it is determined that the next display is not the last display, performing the modifying the position setting information to obtain a next position setting information, and the transmitting the next position setting information obtained by the modifying to a next display; and the setting a display position of the next display according to the next position setting information. 24. The configuration method according to claim 22, wherein the position setting information at least comprises a first function identification parameter, a splicing number parameter and a connection position parameter;
the setting a display position of a start display of the plurality of displays according to the position setting information comprises: controlling the start display to be turned on and start to execute a display position transmission function, according to the first function identification parameter and the connection position parameter; determining and storing a boundary parameter and a display scaling parameter of the array of the plurality of displays, according to the splicing number parameter; storing the connection position parameter as a preset display position information of the start display; determining and storing a display start position and a display end position of a display picture to be displayed by the start display, according to the connection position parameter; and controlling the start display to display the display picture, according to the display start position and the display end position of the display picture to be displayed by the start display. 25. The configuration method according to claim 24, wherein the modifying the position setting information to obtain a next position setting information comprises:
modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a next connection position parameter, wherein the next position setting information comprises the first function identification parameter, the splicing number parameter and the next connection position parameter; the setting a display position of the next display according to the next position setting information comprises: controlling the next display to be turned on and start to execute a display position transmission function, according to the first function identification parameter and the next connection position parameter; storing the next connection position parameter as a preset display position information of the next display; determining and storing a display start position and a display end position of a display picture to be displayed by the next display, according to the next connection position parameter; and controlling the next display to display the display picture, according to the display start position and the display end position of the display picture to be displayed by the next display. 26. The configuration method according to claim 25, wherein the modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a next connection position parameter comprises:
modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a to-be-determined parameter; performing a boundary determination on the to-be-determined parameter according to the boundary parameter of the array of the plurality of displays; in a case where the to-be-determined parameter is within a range of the boundary parameter, taking the to-be-determined parameter as the next connection position parameter; and in a case where the to-be-determined parameter is not within the range of the boundary parameter, remodifying the connection position parameter to obtain a to-be-determined parameter within the range of the boundary parameter, and taking the to-be-determined parameter obtained by the remodifying as the next connection position parameter. 27. The configuration method according to claim 26, wherein the connection position parameter comprises a connection row coordinate value and a connection column coordinate value, and the boundary parameter comprises a boundary row coordinate range and a boundary column coordinate range;
the modifying the connection position parameter to obtain a to-be-determined parameter comprises: adding 1 to one of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, or subtracting 1 from the one of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, to obtain a to-be-determined row coordinate value and a to-be-determined column coordinate value; the performing a boundary determination on the to-be-determined parameter according to the boundary parameter of the array of the plurality of displays comprises: comparing the to-be-determined row coordinate value with the boundary row coordinate range, and comparing the to-be-determined column coordinate value with the boundary column coordinate range; in a case where the to-be-determined row coordinate value is within the boundary row coordinate range and the to-be-determined column coordinate value is within the boundary column coordinate range, determining the to-be-determined row coordinate value and the to-be-determined column coordinate value as the next connection position parameter; and in a case where the to-be-determined row coordinate value is not within the boundary row coordinate range and/or the to-be-determined column coordinate value is not within the boundary column coordinate range, adding 1 to the other of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, or subtracting 1 from the other of the connection row coordinate value and the connection column coordinate value, to obtain a to-be-determined row coordinate value within the boundary row coordinate range and a to-be-determined column coordinate value within the boundary column coordinate range, and taking the to-be-determined row coordinate value and the to-be-determined column coordinate value, which are obtained by remodifying, as the next connection position parameter. 28. The configuration method according to claim 22, wherein the display control information further comprises display debugging information,
the configuring the plurality of displays according to the display control information further comprises: performing display parameter debugging on a specified display of the plurality of displays according to the display debugging information and preset display position information of the displays. 29. The configuration method according to claim 28, wherein the display debugging information at least comprises a second function identification parameter, a first debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a first debugging connection position parameter; the preset display position information at least comprises a display position parameter;
the performing display parameter debugging on a specified display of the plurality of displays according to the display debugging information and preset display position information of the displays comprises: transmitting the display debugging information to the start display of the plurality of displays according to the first debugging connection position parameter; determining a display mode of the start display to be collaborative display or separate display and starting to execute a display parameter debugging function, according to the second function identification parameter; comparing the first debugging position parameter with a preset display position parameter of the start display; in a case where the first debugging position parameter is the same as the preset display position parameter of the start display, determining the start display as the specified display; in a case where the first debugging position parameter is different from the preset display position parameter of the start display, modifying the first debugging connection position parameter to obtain a next first debugging connection position parameter; transmitting the display debugging information to a next display next to the start display according to the next first debugging connection position parameter; comparing the first debugging position parameter with a preset display position parameter of the next display, repeating this process until a display of which a preset display position parameter is the same as the first debugging position parameter is found out, and determining the display of which a preset display position parameter is the same as the first debugging position parameter as the specified display; and debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter. 30. The configuration method according to claim 28, further comprising determining a display position serial number corresponding to each of the displays according to the preset display position information of the displays;
the display debugging information at least comprises a second function identification parameter, a second debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a second debugging connection position parameter; the performing display parameter debugging on a specified display of the plurality of displays according to the display debugging information and preset display position information of the displays comprises: transmitting the display debugging information to the start display of the plurality of displays according to the second debugging connection position parameter; determining a display mode of the start display to be collaborative display or separate display and starting to execute a display parameter debugging function, according to the second function identification parameter; comparing the second debugging position parameter with the display position serial number corresponding to the start display; in a case where the second debugging position parameter is the same as the display position serial number corresponding to the start display, determining the start display as the specified display; in a case where the second debugging position parameter is different from the display position serial number corresponding to the start display, modifying the second debugging connection position parameter to obtain a next second debugging connection position parameter; transmitting the display debugging information to a next display next to the start display according to the next second debugging connection position parameter; comparing the second debugging position parameter with the display position serial number corresponding to the next display, repeating this process until a display of which the display position serial number is the same as the second debugging position parameter is found out, and determining the display of which the display position serial number is the same as the second debugging position parameter as the specified display; and debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter. 31. The configuration method according to claim 29, wherein the debugging display parameter comprise a display brightness parameter, a display contrast parameter, a display color saturation parameter, and a gain parameter and an offset parameter of pixels comprised in the specified display;
the debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter comprises: adjusting a display brightness of the specified display according to the display brightness parameter; adjusting a display contrast of the specified display according to the display contrast parameter; adjusting a display color saturation of the specified display according to the display color saturation parameter; adjusting a gain of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the gain parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display; and adjusting an offset of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the offset parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display. 32. A control method for a display server, the control method comprising:
generating display control information in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and transmitting the display control information to a spliced display device. 33. The control method according to claim 32, wherein the generating display control information in a preset protocol format comprises:
setting a first function identification parameter, a splicing number parameter and a connection position parameter; and generating the position setting information according to the first function identification parameter, the splicing number parameter and the connection position parameter. 34. The control method according to claim 32, wherein the display control information further comprises display debugging information, and the generating display control information in a preset protocol format comprises:
setting a second function identification parameter, a first debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a first debugging connection position parameter which are comprised in the display debugging information; and generating the display debugging information according to the second function identification parameter, the first debugging position parameter, the debugging display parameter and the first debugging connection position parameter; or setting a second function identification parameter, a second debugging position parameter, a debugging display parameter and a second debugging connection position parameter which are comprised in the display debugging information; and generating the display debugging information according to the second function identification parameter, the second debugging position parameter, the debugging display parameter and the second debugging connection position parameter. 35. A spliced display device, comprising a plurality of displays spliced together, wherein the spliced display device further comprises:
a receiver configured to receive display control information sent by a display server in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and a configurator configured to configure the plurality of displays according to the display control information. 36. A display server, comprising:
an information generator configured to generate display control information in a preset protocol format, wherein the display control information at least comprises position setting information; and an information transmitter configured to transmit the display control information to the spliced display device according to claim 35. 37. A spliced display device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the computer program, when being executed by the processor, implements the configuration method according to claim 21. 38. A display server, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the computer program, when being executed by the processor, implements the control method according to claim 32. 39. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out steps of the configuration method according to claim 21. 40. The configuration method according to claim 30, wherein the debugging display parameter comprise a display brightness parameter, a display contrast parameter, a display color saturation parameter, and a gain parameter and an offset parameter of pixels comprised in the specified display;
the debugging the specified display of the plurality of displays according to the debugging display parameter comprises: adjusting a display brightness of the specified display according to the display brightness parameter; adjusting a display contrast of the specified display according to the display contrast parameter; adjusting a display color saturation of the specified display according to the display color saturation parameter; adjusting a gain of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the gain parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display; and adjusting an offset of the pixels comprised in the specified display according to the offset parameter of the pixels comprised in the specified display. | 3,600 |
342,933 | 16,642,675 | 3,617 | Sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, a tank wall having a secondary thermal insulation barrier, a secondary sealing membrane, a primary thermal insulation barrier and a primary sealing membrane supported by the primary thermal insulation barrier, where the primary insulating elements have parallelepiped insulating panels disposed so as to provide voids between them. The primary thermal insulation barrier having an anti-convective filler plate disposed in the void between a first parallelepiped insulating panel and a second parallelepiped insulating panel, the anti-convective filler plate being made of thin continuous material and having a plurality of elongated wall elements extending over substantially the entire width of the void to delimit cells extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction. | 1. A sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, wherein a flat tank wall comprises, successively in a thickness direction, a secondary thermal insulation barrier (1) comprising a plurality of juxtaposed secondary insulating elements (2), the secondary insulating elements being retained against a support wall (3), a secondary sealing membrane (4) supported by the secondary insulating elements (2) of the secondary thermal insulation barrier (1), a primary thermal insulation barrier (5) comprising a plurality of juxtaposed primary insulating elements (6), the primary insulating elements being retained against the secondary sealing membrane (4), and a primary sealing membrane (7) supported by the primary thermal insulation barrier (5) and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank,
wherein the primary insulating elements (6) comprise flat parallelepiped insulating panels disposed so as to provide voids (8) between them, the primary thermal insulation barrier (5) further comprising an anti-convective filler plate (37) disposed in the void between a first flat parallelepiped insulating panel (6) and a second flat parallelepiped insulating panel, the second parallelepiped insulating panel being adjacent to the first parallelepiped insulating panel, the anti-convective filler plate (37) being made of thin continuous material and having a plurality of elongated wall elements (42, 45, 46, 47) extending over substantially the entire width of the void to delimit cells (48) substantially extending perpendicular to the thickness direction. 2. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated wall elements are formed by successive portions of a sheet of corrugated material (45) having alternated parallel corrugations extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction. 3. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler plate has a sandwich structure comprising two parallel continuous sheets (43) spaced apart by said elongated wall elements (42, 45, 46, 47), said two parallel continuous sheets (43) being arranged against two lateral faces of the first and of the second parallelepiped insulating panel delimiting the void (8). 4. The tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein the elongated wall elements are formed by cylindrical elements (42, 46) extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction and fixed between the two parallel continuous sheets. 5. The tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the two parallel continuous sheets (43) spaced apart by said elongated wall elements comprises an upper edging portion (44) folded and fixed on the internal face of at least one of the two parallelepiped insulating panels (6) between which the void is formed. 6. The tank as claimed in claim 5, wherein the internal face of the first and/or of the second parallelepiped insulating panel (6) comprises a countersink (35) along the void for accommodating said upper edging portion (44) of the continuous sheet. 7. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the void (8) between the first parallelepiped insulating panel and the second parallelepiped insulating panel (6) is less than 10 mm. 8. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-convective filler plate (37) is made of flexible material, so that the cells can be easily crushed in the widthwise direction of the void. 9. A vessel (70) for transporting a fluid, the vessel comprising a double hull (72) and a tank (71) as claimed in claim 1 disposed in the double hull. 10. A transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a vessel (70) as claimed in claim 9, insulated pipelines (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged so as to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or onshore storage installation (77) and a pump for conveying a fluid through the insulated pipelines, from or to the floating or onshore storage installation, to or from the tank of the vessel. 11. A method for loading or offloading a vessel (70) as claimed in claim 9, wherein a fluid is routed through insulated pipelines (73, 79, 76, 81), from or to a floating or onshore storage installation (77), to or from the tank of the ship (71). | Sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, a tank wall having a secondary thermal insulation barrier, a secondary sealing membrane, a primary thermal insulation barrier and a primary sealing membrane supported by the primary thermal insulation barrier, where the primary insulating elements have parallelepiped insulating panels disposed so as to provide voids between them. The primary thermal insulation barrier having an anti-convective filler plate disposed in the void between a first parallelepiped insulating panel and a second parallelepiped insulating panel, the anti-convective filler plate being made of thin continuous material and having a plurality of elongated wall elements extending over substantially the entire width of the void to delimit cells extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction.1. A sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, wherein a flat tank wall comprises, successively in a thickness direction, a secondary thermal insulation barrier (1) comprising a plurality of juxtaposed secondary insulating elements (2), the secondary insulating elements being retained against a support wall (3), a secondary sealing membrane (4) supported by the secondary insulating elements (2) of the secondary thermal insulation barrier (1), a primary thermal insulation barrier (5) comprising a plurality of juxtaposed primary insulating elements (6), the primary insulating elements being retained against the secondary sealing membrane (4), and a primary sealing membrane (7) supported by the primary thermal insulation barrier (5) and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank,
wherein the primary insulating elements (6) comprise flat parallelepiped insulating panels disposed so as to provide voids (8) between them, the primary thermal insulation barrier (5) further comprising an anti-convective filler plate (37) disposed in the void between a first flat parallelepiped insulating panel (6) and a second flat parallelepiped insulating panel, the second parallelepiped insulating panel being adjacent to the first parallelepiped insulating panel, the anti-convective filler plate (37) being made of thin continuous material and having a plurality of elongated wall elements (42, 45, 46, 47) extending over substantially the entire width of the void to delimit cells (48) substantially extending perpendicular to the thickness direction. 2. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated wall elements are formed by successive portions of a sheet of corrugated material (45) having alternated parallel corrugations extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction. 3. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler plate has a sandwich structure comprising two parallel continuous sheets (43) spaced apart by said elongated wall elements (42, 45, 46, 47), said two parallel continuous sheets (43) being arranged against two lateral faces of the first and of the second parallelepiped insulating panel delimiting the void (8). 4. The tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein the elongated wall elements are formed by cylindrical elements (42, 46) extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction and fixed between the two parallel continuous sheets. 5. The tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the two parallel continuous sheets (43) spaced apart by said elongated wall elements comprises an upper edging portion (44) folded and fixed on the internal face of at least one of the two parallelepiped insulating panels (6) between which the void is formed. 6. The tank as claimed in claim 5, wherein the internal face of the first and/or of the second parallelepiped insulating panel (6) comprises a countersink (35) along the void for accommodating said upper edging portion (44) of the continuous sheet. 7. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the void (8) between the first parallelepiped insulating panel and the second parallelepiped insulating panel (6) is less than 10 mm. 8. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-convective filler plate (37) is made of flexible material, so that the cells can be easily crushed in the widthwise direction of the void. 9. A vessel (70) for transporting a fluid, the vessel comprising a double hull (72) and a tank (71) as claimed in claim 1 disposed in the double hull. 10. A transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a vessel (70) as claimed in claim 9, insulated pipelines (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged so as to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or onshore storage installation (77) and a pump for conveying a fluid through the insulated pipelines, from or to the floating or onshore storage installation, to or from the tank of the vessel. 11. A method for loading or offloading a vessel (70) as claimed in claim 9, wherein a fluid is routed through insulated pipelines (73, 79, 76, 81), from or to a floating or onshore storage installation (77), to or from the tank of the ship (71). | 3,600 |
342,934 | 16,642,681 | 3,617 | Provided is a starch processed with oil or fat obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat, in which the composition contains a component (A): starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, a component (B): starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, a component (C): edible oil or fat, and a component (D): a protein material, and a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass. | 1. A starch processed with oil or fat obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat,
wherein the composition comprises components (A) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, (B) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, (C) an edible oil or fat, and (D) a protein material, and a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass. 2. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein the component (A) is one kind of starch or two or more kinds of starches selected from the group consisting of a corn starch, a potato starch, a wheat starch, a tapioca starch, and a processed starch thereof. 3. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein the component (B) is a pregelatinized starch. 4. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein the protein comprised in the component (D) comprises one kind of protein or two or more kinds of proteins selected from the group consisting of a soybean protein, an egg protein, and a wheat protein. 5. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein a mixing amount of the component (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.01 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 10 parts by mass. 6. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein a mixing amount of the component (D) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 10 parts by mass. 7. A coating material for deep-fried foods, comprising:
the starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1. 8. A food comprising:
an ingredient; a coating material (I) provided on the outside of the ingredient; and a coating material (II) provided on the outermost side, wherein the coating material (I) comprises a starch processed with oil or fat obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat,
wherein the composition comprises components (A) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, (B) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, (C) an edible oil or fat, and (D) a protein material, and
a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass, and
the coating material (II) substantially does not comprise the starch processed with oil or fat. 9. A method for manufacturing a food, comprising:
attaching a coating material (I), which comprises a starch processed with oil or fat according obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat, to the outside of an ingredient, wherein the composition comprises components (A) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, (B) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, (C) an edible oil or fat, and (D) a protein material, and a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass; and attaching a coating material (II), which substantially does not comprise the starch processed with oil or fat, to the outermost side of a food after the attaching the coating material (I). | Provided is a starch processed with oil or fat obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat, in which the composition contains a component (A): starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, a component (B): starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, a component (C): edible oil or fat, and a component (D): a protein material, and a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass.1. A starch processed with oil or fat obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat,
wherein the composition comprises components (A) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, (B) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, (C) an edible oil or fat, and (D) a protein material, and a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass. 2. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein the component (A) is one kind of starch or two or more kinds of starches selected from the group consisting of a corn starch, a potato starch, a wheat starch, a tapioca starch, and a processed starch thereof. 3. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein the component (B) is a pregelatinized starch. 4. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein the protein comprised in the component (D) comprises one kind of protein or two or more kinds of proteins selected from the group consisting of a soybean protein, an egg protein, and a wheat protein. 5. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein a mixing amount of the component (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.01 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 10 parts by mass. 6. The starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1,
wherein a mixing amount of the component (D) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 10 parts by mass. 7. A coating material for deep-fried foods, comprising:
the starch processed with oil or fat according to claim 1. 8. A food comprising:
an ingredient; a coating material (I) provided on the outside of the ingredient; and a coating material (II) provided on the outermost side, wherein the coating material (I) comprises a starch processed with oil or fat obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat,
wherein the composition comprises components (A) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, (B) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, (C) an edible oil or fat, and (D) a protein material, and
a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass, and
the coating material (II) substantially does not comprise the starch processed with oil or fat. 9. A method for manufacturing a food, comprising:
attaching a coating material (I), which comprises a starch processed with oil or fat according obtainable by processing a composition with oil or fat, to the outside of an ingredient, wherein the composition comprises components (A) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of higher than 1 and lower than 3.5, (B) a starch having a degree of swelling in cold water of equal to or higher than 3.5 and equal to or lower than 40, (C) an edible oil or fat, and (D) a protein material, and a mixing amount of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) in the composition is equal to or greater than 0.03 parts by mass and equal to or smaller than 7 parts by mass; and attaching a coating material (II), which substantially does not comprise the starch processed with oil or fat, to the outermost side of a food after the attaching the coating material (I). | 3,600 |
342,935 | 16,642,662 | 3,617 | A magazine for temporarily storing at least one package sleeve group having a plurality of flat-folded and upright standing package sleeves and for equipping an unfolding device for the package sleeves following the magazine is represented and described, comprising a supply side supplying the package sleeves, a removal side arranged in a transport direction of the package sleeve group behind the supply side and at least one transport unit movable forwards and backwards along the transport direction to transport the package sleeve group from the supply side to the removal side. In order to ensure the uniform supply of the subsequent unfolding device and therefore to increase the productivity of the subsequent filling machine and also to achieve a constructively simple and simultaneously cost-effective configuration of the magazine, which can also be flexibly applied to different package sleeve sizes, it is proposed that the transport unit has at least two slide elements, arranged opposite one another and in each case resting at least partially on one side of the package sleeves, to align the package sleeves. | 1. A magazine for temporarily storing at least one package sleeve group having a plurality of flat-folded and upright standing package sleeves and for equipping an unfolding device for the package sleeves following the magazine, comprising:
a supply side supplying the package sleeves, a removal side arranged in a transport direction of the package sleeve group behind the supply side and at least one transport unit movable forwards and backwards along the transport direction to transport the package sleeve group from the supply side to the removal side, wherein the transport unit has at least two slide elements, arranged opposite one another and in each case resting at least partially on one side of the package sleeves, to align the package sleeves, characterised in that the slide elements in each case have a bearing region running substantially parallel to the transport direction and an alignment region tapering in the transport direction, wherein a distance, running perpendicular to the transport direction, of the slide elements, arranged opposite one another, decreases from the alignment region to the bearing region. 2. Magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the slide elements are formed so as to be interchangeable. 3. (canceled) 4. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that a slide rod running substantially parallel to the transport direction is provided and in that the transport unit has a slide carriage movable forwards and backwards on the slide rod. 5. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport unit has at least two feed doors, wherein the feed doors rest in a closed state at the rear side on the last package sleeve of the package sleeve group to be transported and are configured to push the package sleeve group to be transported in the transport direction and wherein the feed doors are configured in an opened state to enable a supply of package sleeves to be transported between the feed doors. 6. The magazine according to claim 5,
characterised in that the feed doors are pivotable from the closed state into the opened state and back. 7. The magazine according to claim 6,
characterised in that the transport unit has, for each feed door, a spring forcing the feed doors into the closed state by means of a restoring force. 8. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport unit has an access opening formed by a U-shaped frame arranged in the transport direction before the package sleeve group to be transported for the supply of package sleeves to be transported. 9. The magazine according to claim 8,
characterised in that the feed doors are arranged in the closed state resting on an end side, pointing in the transport direction, of a horizontal support of the U-shaped frame. 10. The magazine according to claim 9,
characterised in that the horizontal support of the U-shaped frame has a slide element, pointing towards the bottom in the direction of the package sleeves, to compensate for a vertical height offset of successive package sleeves. 11. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case a stop stopping the transport unit after a maximum forward movement in the transport direction is provided on the removal side for each transport unit. 12. The magazine according to claim 11,
characterised in that the stop is arranged such that the transport unit impacts against the stop to stop after a maximum forward movement in the transport direction by means of the slide carriage. 13. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case at least one slide rail running from the supply side to the removal side along the transport direction is provided for each transport unit as a support for the package sleeves to be transported. 14. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case two lateral boundary rails arranged opposite one another and in each case on one side of the package sleeves can be provided for each transport unit. 15. The magazine according to claim 14,
characterised in that in each case the bearing region of the slide elements has an oversized portion, compared to the corresponding lateral boundary rail, said oversized portion pointing perpendicular to the transport direction and in the direction of the package sleeves. 16. The magazine according to claim 14,
characterised in that the lateral boundary rails have, on the supply side, a tapering region running in the transport direction. 17. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case a clamp device is provided on the supply side for each transport unit, wherein the clamp device has a retaining hook engaging a stopper provided on the transport unit. 18. The magazine according to claim 17,
characterised in that the stopper is arranged on the slide carriage of the transport unit. 19. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that each transport unit is driven by means of a rope pull system. | A magazine for temporarily storing at least one package sleeve group having a plurality of flat-folded and upright standing package sleeves and for equipping an unfolding device for the package sleeves following the magazine is represented and described, comprising a supply side supplying the package sleeves, a removal side arranged in a transport direction of the package sleeve group behind the supply side and at least one transport unit movable forwards and backwards along the transport direction to transport the package sleeve group from the supply side to the removal side. In order to ensure the uniform supply of the subsequent unfolding device and therefore to increase the productivity of the subsequent filling machine and also to achieve a constructively simple and simultaneously cost-effective configuration of the magazine, which can also be flexibly applied to different package sleeve sizes, it is proposed that the transport unit has at least two slide elements, arranged opposite one another and in each case resting at least partially on one side of the package sleeves, to align the package sleeves.1. A magazine for temporarily storing at least one package sleeve group having a plurality of flat-folded and upright standing package sleeves and for equipping an unfolding device for the package sleeves following the magazine, comprising:
a supply side supplying the package sleeves, a removal side arranged in a transport direction of the package sleeve group behind the supply side and at least one transport unit movable forwards and backwards along the transport direction to transport the package sleeve group from the supply side to the removal side, wherein the transport unit has at least two slide elements, arranged opposite one another and in each case resting at least partially on one side of the package sleeves, to align the package sleeves, characterised in that the slide elements in each case have a bearing region running substantially parallel to the transport direction and an alignment region tapering in the transport direction, wherein a distance, running perpendicular to the transport direction, of the slide elements, arranged opposite one another, decreases from the alignment region to the bearing region. 2. Magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the slide elements are formed so as to be interchangeable. 3. (canceled) 4. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that a slide rod running substantially parallel to the transport direction is provided and in that the transport unit has a slide carriage movable forwards and backwards on the slide rod. 5. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport unit has at least two feed doors, wherein the feed doors rest in a closed state at the rear side on the last package sleeve of the package sleeve group to be transported and are configured to push the package sleeve group to be transported in the transport direction and wherein the feed doors are configured in an opened state to enable a supply of package sleeves to be transported between the feed doors. 6. The magazine according to claim 5,
characterised in that the feed doors are pivotable from the closed state into the opened state and back. 7. The magazine according to claim 6,
characterised in that the transport unit has, for each feed door, a spring forcing the feed doors into the closed state by means of a restoring force. 8. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport unit has an access opening formed by a U-shaped frame arranged in the transport direction before the package sleeve group to be transported for the supply of package sleeves to be transported. 9. The magazine according to claim 8,
characterised in that the feed doors are arranged in the closed state resting on an end side, pointing in the transport direction, of a horizontal support of the U-shaped frame. 10. The magazine according to claim 9,
characterised in that the horizontal support of the U-shaped frame has a slide element, pointing towards the bottom in the direction of the package sleeves, to compensate for a vertical height offset of successive package sleeves. 11. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case a stop stopping the transport unit after a maximum forward movement in the transport direction is provided on the removal side for each transport unit. 12. The magazine according to claim 11,
characterised in that the stop is arranged such that the transport unit impacts against the stop to stop after a maximum forward movement in the transport direction by means of the slide carriage. 13. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case at least one slide rail running from the supply side to the removal side along the transport direction is provided for each transport unit as a support for the package sleeves to be transported. 14. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case two lateral boundary rails arranged opposite one another and in each case on one side of the package sleeves can be provided for each transport unit. 15. The magazine according to claim 14,
characterised in that in each case the bearing region of the slide elements has an oversized portion, compared to the corresponding lateral boundary rail, said oversized portion pointing perpendicular to the transport direction and in the direction of the package sleeves. 16. The magazine according to claim 14,
characterised in that the lateral boundary rails have, on the supply side, a tapering region running in the transport direction. 17. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that in each case a clamp device is provided on the supply side for each transport unit, wherein the clamp device has a retaining hook engaging a stopper provided on the transport unit. 18. The magazine according to claim 17,
characterised in that the stopper is arranged on the slide carriage of the transport unit. 19. The magazine according to claim 1,
characterised in that each transport unit is driven by means of a rope pull system. | 3,600 |
342,936 | 16,642,672 | 3,617 | A liquid container for a motor vehicle, having a first half-shell and a second half-shell, the half-shells delimiting a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first half-shell having a first support layerand a first barrier layer, the second half-shell having a second support layerand a second barrier layer, the first barrier being situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising:
a first half-shell that forms an upper shell of the liquid container; and a second half-shell that forms a lower shell of the liquid container, wherein:
the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid,
the first half-shell has a first support layer and a first barrier layer,
the second half-shell has a second support layer and a second barrier layer,
the first barrier layer is externally situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and
the second barrier layer is internally situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 17. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein the first support layer on a side facing the storage volume has one or more molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units. 18. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein:
the molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units extend with protrusion into the storage volume; and/or the molded elements and/or connecting parts have been formed in one piece with the first support layer in an injection molding process and/or sequentially molded onto the first support layer. 19. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein all molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units situated in the storage volume are provided on the first support layer, with no molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units situated in the storage volume being provided on the second barrier layer. 20. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein a plastic that is used for attaching molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units is locally molded onto a side of the second barrier layer facing away from the second support layer. 21. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
at least one of the barrier layers is a one-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process; and/or at least one of the barrier layers is a multi-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process. 22. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the half-shells in the connecting area are integrally joined together, the first support layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second barrier layer and/or the second support layer; and the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another and border the first support layer on both sides, wherein the first support layer in the connecting area forms a permeation path between the storage volume and the surroundings of the liquid container. 23. The liquid container according to claim 22, wherein:
a length of the permeation path, viewed in a cross section, is greater than or equal to twice the width of the permeation path; and the width of the permeation path corresponds to the distance between the barrier layers in the connecting area. 24. The liquid container according to claim 22, wherein a length of the permeation path, viewed in a cross section, is greater than a wall thickness of the first half-shell and of the second half-shell. 25. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer are integrally joined together. 26. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the first barrier layer essentially completely covers the side of the first support layer facing away from the storage volume; and/or the second barrier layer essentially completely covers the side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 27. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
at least one of the half-shells has a web, wherein the web is seated in a form-fit manner in a receptacle of the respective other half-shell that has a complementary shape, at least in sections; and an integral bond of the half-shells is formed along the web. 28. The liquid container according to claim 27, wherein the barrier layer of the half-shell that has the web is turned down around the web on the end or encloses the web, the barrier layer at least partially covering an end-face side of the web. 29. The liquid container according to claim 27, wherein the web, at least in sections, is made of a laser-transparent plastic, the integral bond having been formed by laser transmission welding. 30. A method for manufacturing a liquid container, comprising the steps of:
injection molding of a first half-shell that forms an upper shell of the liquid container, the first half-shell having a first support layer and a first barrier layer; injection molding of a second half-shell that forms a lower shell of the liquid container, the second half-shell having a second support layer and a second barrier layer; and joining the half-shells in such a way that the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first barrier layer being externally situated on a side of the first support layer facing away from the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being internally situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. | A liquid container for a motor vehicle, having a first half-shell and a second half-shell, the half-shells delimiting a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first half-shell having a first support layerand a first barrier layer, the second half-shell having a second support layerand a second barrier layer, the first barrier being situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume.1-15. (canceled) 16. A liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising:
a first half-shell that forms an upper shell of the liquid container; and a second half-shell that forms a lower shell of the liquid container, wherein:
the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid,
the first half-shell has a first support layer and a first barrier layer,
the second half-shell has a second support layer and a second barrier layer,
the first barrier layer is externally situated on a side of the first support layer facing the storage volume, and
the second barrier layer is internally situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 17. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein the first support layer on a side facing the storage volume has one or more molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units. 18. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein:
the molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units extend with protrusion into the storage volume; and/or the molded elements and/or connecting parts have been formed in one piece with the first support layer in an injection molding process and/or sequentially molded onto the first support layer. 19. The liquid container according to claim 17, wherein all molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units situated in the storage volume are provided on the first support layer, with no molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units situated in the storage volume being provided on the second barrier layer. 20. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein a plastic that is used for attaching molded elements, connecting parts, or functional units is locally molded onto a side of the second barrier layer facing away from the second support layer. 21. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
at least one of the barrier layers is a one-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process; and/or at least one of the barrier layers is a multi-ply film that has been integrally joined to the associated support layer in an injection molding process. 22. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the half-shells in the connecting area are integrally joined together, the first support layer in the connecting area being integrally joined to the second barrier layer and/or the second support layer; and the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer in the connecting area are spaced apart from one another and border the first support layer on both sides, wherein the first support layer in the connecting area forms a permeation path between the storage volume and the surroundings of the liquid container. 23. The liquid container according to claim 22, wherein:
a length of the permeation path, viewed in a cross section, is greater than or equal to twice the width of the permeation path; and the width of the permeation path corresponds to the distance between the barrier layers in the connecting area. 24. The liquid container according to claim 22, wherein a length of the permeation path, viewed in a cross section, is greater than a wall thickness of the first half-shell and of the second half-shell. 25. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer are integrally joined together. 26. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
the first barrier layer essentially completely covers the side of the first support layer facing away from the storage volume; and/or the second barrier layer essentially completely covers the side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. 27. The liquid container according to claim 16, wherein:
at least one of the half-shells has a web, wherein the web is seated in a form-fit manner in a receptacle of the respective other half-shell that has a complementary shape, at least in sections; and an integral bond of the half-shells is formed along the web. 28. The liquid container according to claim 27, wherein the barrier layer of the half-shell that has the web is turned down around the web on the end or encloses the web, the barrier layer at least partially covering an end-face side of the web. 29. The liquid container according to claim 27, wherein the web, at least in sections, is made of a laser-transparent plastic, the integral bond having been formed by laser transmission welding. 30. A method for manufacturing a liquid container, comprising the steps of:
injection molding of a first half-shell that forms an upper shell of the liquid container, the first half-shell having a first support layer and a first barrier layer; injection molding of a second half-shell that forms a lower shell of the liquid container, the second half-shell having a second support layer and a second barrier layer; and joining the half-shells in such a way that the half-shells delimit a storage volume for accommodating liquid, the first barrier layer being externally situated on a side of the first support layer facing away from the storage volume, and the second barrier layer being internally situated on a side of the second support layer facing the storage volume. | 3,600 |
342,937 | 16,642,667 | 3,617 | The present disclosure discloses an encapsulation structure, an encapsulation method and a display apparatus. The encapsulation structure includes at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers includes an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed. The inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. | 1. An encapsulation structure, comprising:
at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, wherein at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed, the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. 2. (canceled) 3. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered. 4. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first opening and the second opening comprise at least one of a hole or a slit. 5. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first opening and the second opening are both slits; a plurality of the first openings are in the first sub-inorganic layer and extend in parallel directions; and a plurality of the second openings are in the second sub-inorganic layer and extend in parallel directions. 6. The encapsulation structure according to claim 5, wherein the openings in all the sub-inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure extend in parallel directions. 7. The encapsulation structure according to claim 5, wherein
each of the first opening and the second opening is curved; or each of the first opening and the second opening is linear. 8. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the elastic structure is made from at least one of: polyimide, polyurethane, polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS), polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), tetramethylsilane (TMS) and silica gel. 9. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the organic layer is in contact with the inorganic layer, and the elastic structure is made from the same material as the organic layer. 10. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
in the at least two encapsulation structure layers, an encapsulation structure layer closest to the device to be encapsulated is a first encapsulation structure layer, an encapsulation structure layer farthest from the device to be encapsulated is a second encapsulation structure layer, encapsulation structure layers other than the first encapsulation structure layer and the second encapsulation structure layer are third encapsulation structure layers, the first encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer and the organic layer that are superimposed, the second encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer, and the third encapsulation structure layers comprise the inorganic layer and the organic layer that are superimposed. 11. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the device to be encapsulated is disposed in a display area of a base substrate; the base substrate is also provided with a non-display area; the encapsulation structure further comprises a barrier wall disposed in the non-display area, orthographic projections of all the organic layers of the encapsulation structure on the base substrate are within the display area, and all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure cover the barrier wall. 12. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the inorganic layer is made from at least one of: silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, and all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure are made from the same or different materials; and the organic layer is made from at least one of: polyimide, polyurethane and polypropylene, and all the organic layers of the encapsulation structure are made from the same or different materials. 13. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
each sub-inorganic layer of the encapsulation structure has a thickness ranging about from 0.2 μm to 0.7 μm. 14. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the at least two encapsulation structure layers are two encapsulation structure layers. 15. An encapsulation method, comprising:
forming, on an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover the device to be encapsulated, wherein at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed, the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, the at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover the device to be encapsulated comprises: forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, an inorganic layer that covers the device to be encapsulated, wherein the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening; and forming an organic layer on an outer side of the inorganic layer to obtain a first encapsulation structure layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, the inorganic layer that covers the device to be encapsulated comprises: forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, a first sub-inorganic layer that covers the device to be encapsulated; forming a first opening in the first sub-inorganic layer; forming an elastic structure in the first opening; forming, on an outer side of the first sub-inorganic layer, a second sub-inorganic layer that covers the first sub-inorganic layer; forming a second opening in the second sub-inorganic layer; and forming an elastic structure in the second opening. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the device to be encapsulated is disposed in a display area of a base substrate, the base substrate is also provided with a non-display area, and the method further comprises: forming a barrier wall in the non-display area, wherein all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure cover the barrier wall. 19. A display apparatus, comprising an encapsulation structure, wherein the encapsulation structure comprises at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, wherein at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed, the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. 20. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the at least two encapsulation structure layers are two encapsulation structure layers, in the at least two encapsulation structure layers, an encapsulation structure layer closest to the device to be encapsulated is a first encapsulation structure layer, an encapsulation structure layer farthest from the device to be encapsulated is a second encapsulation structure layer, the first encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer and the organic layer that are superimposed, and the second encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer; an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered, the first opening and the second opening comprise at least one of a hole or a slit, when the first opening and the second opening are both slits, the openings in all the sub-inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure extend in parallel directions, and each of the first opening and the second opening is curved or linear; the device to be encapsulated is disposed in a display area of a base substrate, the base substrate is also provided with a non-display area; the encapsulation structure further comprises a barrier wall disposed in the non-display area, orthographic projections of all the organic layers of the encapsulation structure on the base substrate are within the display area, and all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure cover the barrier wall. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein
forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, the at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover the device to be encapsulated further comprises: forming, on an outer side of the first encapsulation structure laver, an inorganic layer that covers the first encapsulation structure layer to obtain a second encapsulation structure layer, wherein the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. | The present disclosure discloses an encapsulation structure, an encapsulation method and a display apparatus. The encapsulation structure includes at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers includes an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed. The inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening.1. An encapsulation structure, comprising:
at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, wherein at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed, the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. 2. (canceled) 3. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered. 4. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first opening and the second opening comprise at least one of a hole or a slit. 5. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first opening and the second opening are both slits; a plurality of the first openings are in the first sub-inorganic layer and extend in parallel directions; and a plurality of the second openings are in the second sub-inorganic layer and extend in parallel directions. 6. The encapsulation structure according to claim 5, wherein the openings in all the sub-inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure extend in parallel directions. 7. The encapsulation structure according to claim 5, wherein
each of the first opening and the second opening is curved; or each of the first opening and the second opening is linear. 8. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the elastic structure is made from at least one of: polyimide, polyurethane, polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS), polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), tetramethylsilane (TMS) and silica gel. 9. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the organic layer is in contact with the inorganic layer, and the elastic structure is made from the same material as the organic layer. 10. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
in the at least two encapsulation structure layers, an encapsulation structure layer closest to the device to be encapsulated is a first encapsulation structure layer, an encapsulation structure layer farthest from the device to be encapsulated is a second encapsulation structure layer, encapsulation structure layers other than the first encapsulation structure layer and the second encapsulation structure layer are third encapsulation structure layers, the first encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer and the organic layer that are superimposed, the second encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer, and the third encapsulation structure layers comprise the inorganic layer and the organic layer that are superimposed. 11. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the device to be encapsulated is disposed in a display area of a base substrate; the base substrate is also provided with a non-display area; the encapsulation structure further comprises a barrier wall disposed in the non-display area, orthographic projections of all the organic layers of the encapsulation structure on the base substrate are within the display area, and all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure cover the barrier wall. 12. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the inorganic layer is made from at least one of: silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, and all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure are made from the same or different materials; and the organic layer is made from at least one of: polyimide, polyurethane and polypropylene, and all the organic layers of the encapsulation structure are made from the same or different materials. 13. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
each sub-inorganic layer of the encapsulation structure has a thickness ranging about from 0.2 μm to 0.7 μm. 14. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the at least two encapsulation structure layers are two encapsulation structure layers. 15. An encapsulation method, comprising:
forming, on an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover the device to be encapsulated, wherein at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed, the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, the at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover the device to be encapsulated comprises: forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, an inorganic layer that covers the device to be encapsulated, wherein the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening; and forming an organic layer on an outer side of the inorganic layer to obtain a first encapsulation structure layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, the inorganic layer that covers the device to be encapsulated comprises: forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, a first sub-inorganic layer that covers the device to be encapsulated; forming a first opening in the first sub-inorganic layer; forming an elastic structure in the first opening; forming, on an outer side of the first sub-inorganic layer, a second sub-inorganic layer that covers the first sub-inorganic layer; forming a second opening in the second sub-inorganic layer; and forming an elastic structure in the second opening. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the device to be encapsulated is disposed in a display area of a base substrate, the base substrate is also provided with a non-display area, and the method further comprises: forming a barrier wall in the non-display area, wherein all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure cover the barrier wall. 19. A display apparatus, comprising an encapsulation structure, wherein the encapsulation structure comprises at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover an outer side of a device to be encapsulated, wherein at least one of the at least two encapsulation structure layers comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are superimposed, the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. 20. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein
the at least two encapsulation structure layers are two encapsulation structure layers, in the at least two encapsulation structure layers, an encapsulation structure layer closest to the device to be encapsulated is a first encapsulation structure layer, an encapsulation structure layer farthest from the device to be encapsulated is a second encapsulation structure layer, the first encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer and the organic layer that are superimposed, and the second encapsulation structure layer comprises the inorganic layer; an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered, the first opening and the second opening comprise at least one of a hole or a slit, when the first opening and the second opening are both slits, the openings in all the sub-inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure extend in parallel directions, and each of the first opening and the second opening is curved or linear; the device to be encapsulated is disposed in a display area of a base substrate, the base substrate is also provided with a non-display area; the encapsulation structure further comprises a barrier wall disposed in the non-display area, orthographic projections of all the organic layers of the encapsulation structure on the base substrate are within the display area, and all the inorganic layers of the encapsulation structure cover the barrier wall. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein
forming, on the outer side of the device to be encapsulated, the at least two encapsulation structure layers that cover the device to be encapsulated further comprises: forming, on an outer side of the first encapsulation structure laver, an inorganic layer that covers the first encapsulation structure layer to obtain a second encapsulation structure layer, wherein the inorganic layer comprises a first sub-inorganic layer and a second sub-inorganic layer that are superimposed, a first opening is in the first sub-inorganic layer, a second opening is in the second sub-inorganic layer, an orthographic projection of the second opening on the first sub-inorganic layer and the first opening are staggered, and an elastic structure is disposed in each of the first opening and the second opening. | 3,600 |
342,938 | 16,642,669 | 3,617 | The disclosure provides a display device including an array substrate; a color filter substrate comprising a color resist layer, the color resist layer comprising a red resist, a green resist and a blue resist; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; and a backlight source on a side of the array substrate distal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a cell gap of 2.0 μm to 3.3 μm; at least the red resist and the green resist are filled with light emitting materials; respectively; the backlight source is configured to generate a light having a wavelength of 200 nm to 450 nm, and the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are configured such that the light is able to become red light, green light and blue light, respectively after passing through corresponding color resists. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. A display device, comprising:
an array substrate; a color filter substrate comprising a color resist layer, the color resist layer comprising a red resist, a green resist and a blue resist; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; and a backlight source on a side of the array substrate distal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a cell gap of 2.0 μm to 3.3 μm; at least the red resist and the green resist are filled with light emitting materials, respectively; the backlight source is configured to generate a light having a wavelength of 200 nm to 450 nm, and the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are configured such that the light is able to become red light, green light and blue light, respectively after passing through the corresponding color resists. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein the backlight source is configured to generate a light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 450 nm. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer and the backlight source satisfy the following condition: Δnd/λ=½; where Δn is a birefringence of the liquid crystal layer, d is the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer, and λ, is the wavelength of the light generated by the backlight source. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein the wavelength of the light generated by the backlight source is substantially 440 nm, the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer is 2.2 μm, and the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer is 0.1. 21. The display device of claim 17, wherein the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are filled with light emitting materials, respectively. 22. The display device of claim 17, wherein the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are filled with a red phosphor powder, a green phosphor powder and a blue phosphor powder of different models, respectively, and
the red phosphor powder is configured to generate red light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source, the green phosphor powder is configured to generate green light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source, and the blue phosphor powder is configured to generate blue light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source. 23. The display device of claim 18, wherein the red resist and the green resist are filled with a red phosphor powder and a green phosphor powder of different models, respectively, and the blue resist comprises a blue filter, and
the red phosphor powder is configured to generate red light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source, and the green phosphor powder is configured to generate green light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source. 24. The display device of claim 17, wherein the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are filled with a first quantum dot material, a second quantum dot material and a third quantum dot material, respectively, and
the first quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a red light waveband, the second quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a green light waveband, and the third quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a blue light waveband. 25. The display device of claim 18, wherein the red resist and the green resist are filled with a first quantum dot material and a second quantum dot material, respectively, and the blue resist comprises a blue filter, and
the first quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a red light waveband, and the second quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a green light waveband. 26. The display device of claim 24, wherein the first quantum dot material, the second quantum dot material and the third quantum dot material are all CdSe. 27. The display device of claim 26, wherein particle radii of the CdSe are 1.35 nm to 2.40 nm, a particle radius of CdSe serving as the first quantum dot material is greater than a particle radius of CdSe serving as the second quantum dot material, and the particle radius of the CdSe serving as the second quantum dot material is greater than a particle radius of CdSe serving as the third quantum dot material. 28. The display device of claim 22, wherein the color resist layer further comprises a white resist or a yellow resist, the white resist or the yellow resist is filled with a white phosphor powder or a yellow phosphor powder, and the white phosphor powder or the yellow phosphor powder is configured to generate white light or yellow light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source. 29. The display device of claim 24, wherein the color resist layer further comprises a white resist or a yellow resist, the white resist or the yellow resist is filled with a fourth quantum dot material, and the fourth quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a white light waveband or in a yellow light waveband. 30. The display device of claim 17, wherein the backlight comprises a light emitting chip. 31. The display device of claim 19, wherein the display device is an FFS or IPS display device. | The disclosure provides a display device including an array substrate; a color filter substrate comprising a color resist layer, the color resist layer comprising a red resist, a green resist and a blue resist; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; and a backlight source on a side of the array substrate distal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a cell gap of 2.0 μm to 3.3 μm; at least the red resist and the green resist are filled with light emitting materials; respectively; the backlight source is configured to generate a light having a wavelength of 200 nm to 450 nm, and the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are configured such that the light is able to become red light, green light and blue light, respectively after passing through corresponding color resists.1-16. (canceled) 17. A display device, comprising:
an array substrate; a color filter substrate comprising a color resist layer, the color resist layer comprising a red resist, a green resist and a blue resist; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; and a backlight source on a side of the array substrate distal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a cell gap of 2.0 μm to 3.3 μm; at least the red resist and the green resist are filled with light emitting materials, respectively; the backlight source is configured to generate a light having a wavelength of 200 nm to 450 nm, and the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are configured such that the light is able to become red light, green light and blue light, respectively after passing through the corresponding color resists. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein the backlight source is configured to generate a light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 450 nm. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer and the backlight source satisfy the following condition: Δnd/λ=½; where Δn is a birefringence of the liquid crystal layer, d is the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer, and λ, is the wavelength of the light generated by the backlight source. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein the wavelength of the light generated by the backlight source is substantially 440 nm, the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer is 2.2 μm, and the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer is 0.1. 21. The display device of claim 17, wherein the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are filled with light emitting materials, respectively. 22. The display device of claim 17, wherein the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are filled with a red phosphor powder, a green phosphor powder and a blue phosphor powder of different models, respectively, and
the red phosphor powder is configured to generate red light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source, the green phosphor powder is configured to generate green light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source, and the blue phosphor powder is configured to generate blue light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source. 23. The display device of claim 18, wherein the red resist and the green resist are filled with a red phosphor powder and a green phosphor powder of different models, respectively, and the blue resist comprises a blue filter, and
the red phosphor powder is configured to generate red light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source, and the green phosphor powder is configured to generate green light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source. 24. The display device of claim 17, wherein the red resist, the green resist and the blue resist are filled with a first quantum dot material, a second quantum dot material and a third quantum dot material, respectively, and
the first quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a red light waveband, the second quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a green light waveband, and the third quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a blue light waveband. 25. The display device of claim 18, wherein the red resist and the green resist are filled with a first quantum dot material and a second quantum dot material, respectively, and the blue resist comprises a blue filter, and
the first quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a red light waveband, and the second quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a green light waveband. 26. The display device of claim 24, wherein the first quantum dot material, the second quantum dot material and the third quantum dot material are all CdSe. 27. The display device of claim 26, wherein particle radii of the CdSe are 1.35 nm to 2.40 nm, a particle radius of CdSe serving as the first quantum dot material is greater than a particle radius of CdSe serving as the second quantum dot material, and the particle radius of the CdSe serving as the second quantum dot material is greater than a particle radius of CdSe serving as the third quantum dot material. 28. The display device of claim 22, wherein the color resist layer further comprises a white resist or a yellow resist, the white resist or the yellow resist is filled with a white phosphor powder or a yellow phosphor powder, and the white phosphor powder or the yellow phosphor powder is configured to generate white light or yellow light under excitation of the light generated by the backlight source. 29. The display device of claim 24, wherein the color resist layer further comprises a white resist or a yellow resist, the white resist or the yellow resist is filled with a fourth quantum dot material, and the fourth quantum dot material has a luminescent spectrum in a white light waveband or in a yellow light waveband. 30. The display device of claim 17, wherein the backlight comprises a light emitting chip. 31. The display device of claim 19, wherein the display device is an FFS or IPS display device. | 3,600 |
342,939 | 16,642,654 | 3,617 | A pump group for a cooling system of an engine of a vehicle, of the dual type is provided. The pump group includes an impeller mounted on a shaft commandable in rotation by an electric drive and a mechanical drive. The mechanical drive includes a rotating member commandable in rotation by mechanical movement devices in the vehicle, a rotary drum operatively connected to the shaft, a centrifugal clutch device including a central body integrally attached to the rotating member and a plurality of engagement elements movably fixed on the central body suitable to translate in a radial direction with respect to the axis (X-X) to engage the rotary drum. | 1. A pump group for a cooling system of an engine of a vehicle, the pump group extending along an axis (X-X) and comprising:
i) a shaft extending along the axis (X-X); ii) an impeller rotatable around the axis (X-X) and operatively connected to the shaft; iii) an electric drive comprising an electric motor operatively connected to the shaft for commanding the shaft in rotation; and iv) a mechanical drive comprising:
a rotating member having a center of rotation on the axis (X-X), which is commandable in rotation by mechanical movement devices comprised in the vehicle, comprising the motor shaft of the engine of the vehicle;
a rotary drum operatively connected to the shaft for commanding the shaft in rotation, comprising an annular crown concentric with respect to the axis (X-X) and comprising an inner surface extending parallel to the axis (X-X); and
a centrifugal clutch device comprising:
m) a central body integrally attached to the rotating member extending along the axis (X-X); and
n) a plurality of engagement elements fixed in a movable manner on the central body, each engagement element of said plurality of engagement elements comprising a contact portion extending along a circumferential arc, wherein each engagement element of said plurality of engagement elements is suitable to move in a radial direction with respect to the axis (X-X) between a rest position, wherein it is proximal to the central body and is separated from the annular crown, and an engagement position, wherein it is spaced apart from the central body and engages, by a radial friction action, the inner surface of the annular crown. 2. The pump group of claim 1, wherein all contact portions of the plurality of engagement elements have a substantially circular extension. 3. The pump group of claim 2, wherein each contact portion has variable thickness, comprising a high-thickness zone located at a center of the contact portion. 4. The pump group of claim 2, wherein each contact portion has an axial width substantially equal to the width of the inner surface. 5. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the central body comprises a plurality of housings suitable to accommodate the plurality of engagement elements in the rest position. 6. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the central body comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending guide elements engageable by the plurality of engagement elements suitable to drive radial movement of the plurality of engagement elements. 7. The pump group of claim 6, wherein the longitudinally extending guide elements are pins threaded in dedicated holes comprised in the plurality of engagement elements, or the longitudinally extending guide elements are holes threaded by dedicated radial pins comprised in the plurality of engagement elements. 8. The pump group of claim 6, wherein for each engagement element, there are provided two longitudinally extending guide elements that are angularly spaced. 9. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the central body comprises a plurality of elastic retaining elements operatively connected to respective engagement elements suitable to carry out a retaining action opposing the radial movement of the engagement elements. 10. The pump group of claim 9, wherein each elastic retaining element of the plurality of elastic retaining elements carries out a retaining action that makes the radial movement of the respective engagement element progressive and makes its engagement with the annular crown progressive. 11. The pump group of claim 9, wherein each elastic retaining element of the plurality of elastic retaining elements allows the radial movement of the respective engaging element (152) if rotation of the rotating member exceeds a predefined threshold value ranging from 3000 to 3800 rpm. 12. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the rotating member is a pulley operatively connectable with a belt or chain to said mechanical movement devices of the engine or is a gear mechanism operatively connected by a gear mechanism comprised in said mechanical movement devices of the engine. 13. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the shaft extends along the axis (X-X) and has a mechanical command end on which the mechanical drive operates, wherein the rotary drum is operatively connected to the mechanical command end. 14. The pump group of claim 13, wherein the rotary drum is integral with the shaft. 15. The pump group of claim 14, wherein the shaft comprises an electric command zone operatively connected to the electric motor, wherein the electric command zone is located between the mechanical command end and a rotating end on which the impeller is integrally connected. 16. The pump group of claim 15, wherein the electric motor comprises a rotor and a stator, and wherein the electric drive comprises an electrical unidirectional coupling suitable for commanding connection or disconnection between the rotor and the shaft. | A pump group for a cooling system of an engine of a vehicle, of the dual type is provided. The pump group includes an impeller mounted on a shaft commandable in rotation by an electric drive and a mechanical drive. The mechanical drive includes a rotating member commandable in rotation by mechanical movement devices in the vehicle, a rotary drum operatively connected to the shaft, a centrifugal clutch device including a central body integrally attached to the rotating member and a plurality of engagement elements movably fixed on the central body suitable to translate in a radial direction with respect to the axis (X-X) to engage the rotary drum.1. A pump group for a cooling system of an engine of a vehicle, the pump group extending along an axis (X-X) and comprising:
i) a shaft extending along the axis (X-X); ii) an impeller rotatable around the axis (X-X) and operatively connected to the shaft; iii) an electric drive comprising an electric motor operatively connected to the shaft for commanding the shaft in rotation; and iv) a mechanical drive comprising:
a rotating member having a center of rotation on the axis (X-X), which is commandable in rotation by mechanical movement devices comprised in the vehicle, comprising the motor shaft of the engine of the vehicle;
a rotary drum operatively connected to the shaft for commanding the shaft in rotation, comprising an annular crown concentric with respect to the axis (X-X) and comprising an inner surface extending parallel to the axis (X-X); and
a centrifugal clutch device comprising:
m) a central body integrally attached to the rotating member extending along the axis (X-X); and
n) a plurality of engagement elements fixed in a movable manner on the central body, each engagement element of said plurality of engagement elements comprising a contact portion extending along a circumferential arc, wherein each engagement element of said plurality of engagement elements is suitable to move in a radial direction with respect to the axis (X-X) between a rest position, wherein it is proximal to the central body and is separated from the annular crown, and an engagement position, wherein it is spaced apart from the central body and engages, by a radial friction action, the inner surface of the annular crown. 2. The pump group of claim 1, wherein all contact portions of the plurality of engagement elements have a substantially circular extension. 3. The pump group of claim 2, wherein each contact portion has variable thickness, comprising a high-thickness zone located at a center of the contact portion. 4. The pump group of claim 2, wherein each contact portion has an axial width substantially equal to the width of the inner surface. 5. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the central body comprises a plurality of housings suitable to accommodate the plurality of engagement elements in the rest position. 6. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the central body comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending guide elements engageable by the plurality of engagement elements suitable to drive radial movement of the plurality of engagement elements. 7. The pump group of claim 6, wherein the longitudinally extending guide elements are pins threaded in dedicated holes comprised in the plurality of engagement elements, or the longitudinally extending guide elements are holes threaded by dedicated radial pins comprised in the plurality of engagement elements. 8. The pump group of claim 6, wherein for each engagement element, there are provided two longitudinally extending guide elements that are angularly spaced. 9. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the central body comprises a plurality of elastic retaining elements operatively connected to respective engagement elements suitable to carry out a retaining action opposing the radial movement of the engagement elements. 10. The pump group of claim 9, wherein each elastic retaining element of the plurality of elastic retaining elements carries out a retaining action that makes the radial movement of the respective engagement element progressive and makes its engagement with the annular crown progressive. 11. The pump group of claim 9, wherein each elastic retaining element of the plurality of elastic retaining elements allows the radial movement of the respective engaging element (152) if rotation of the rotating member exceeds a predefined threshold value ranging from 3000 to 3800 rpm. 12. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the rotating member is a pulley operatively connectable with a belt or chain to said mechanical movement devices of the engine or is a gear mechanism operatively connected by a gear mechanism comprised in said mechanical movement devices of the engine. 13. The pump group of claim 1, wherein the shaft extends along the axis (X-X) and has a mechanical command end on which the mechanical drive operates, wherein the rotary drum is operatively connected to the mechanical command end. 14. The pump group of claim 13, wherein the rotary drum is integral with the shaft. 15. The pump group of claim 14, wherein the shaft comprises an electric command zone operatively connected to the electric motor, wherein the electric command zone is located between the mechanical command end and a rotating end on which the impeller is integrally connected. 16. The pump group of claim 15, wherein the electric motor comprises a rotor and a stator, and wherein the electric drive comprises an electrical unidirectional coupling suitable for commanding connection or disconnection between the rotor and the shaft. | 3,600 |
342,940 | 16,642,673 | 3,617 | The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising same. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises: a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; a first additive containing at least one compound among compounds represented by chemical formulas 1 to 4; and a second additive containing at least one compound among compounds represented by chemical formula 5 or 6. | 1. A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, the electrolyte comprising:
a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; a first additive comprising at least one of compounds represented by Chemical Formulae 1 to 4; and a second additive including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 or 6: 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the first additive is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 3. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the first additive is 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 4. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the second additive is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 5. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the second additive is 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 6. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the first additive and the second additive is a weight ratio of 10:1 to 0.08:1. 7. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the first additive and the second additive is a weight ratio of 7:1 to 0.1:1. 8. A lithium secondary battery comprising
a negative electrode including negative active material; a positive electrode including a positive active material; and the non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 1. 9. The lithium secondary battery of claim 8, wherein the positive active material is a lithium nickel-based compound. 10. The lithium secondary battery of claim 9, wherein the positive active material is a lithium nickel-based compound of Chemical Formula 7:
Lia1Nix1Coy1Az1O2 [Chemical Formula 7]
wherein, in Chemical Formula 7, 0.9≤a1≤1.1, 0.6≤x1≤0.90, 0.01≤y1≤0.3, 0.01≤z1≤0.3, x1+y1+z1=1, and A is Mn or Al. | The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising same. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises: a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; a first additive containing at least one compound among compounds represented by chemical formulas 1 to 4; and a second additive containing at least one compound among compounds represented by chemical formula 5 or 6.1. A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, the electrolyte comprising:
a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; a first additive comprising at least one of compounds represented by Chemical Formulae 1 to 4; and a second additive including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 or 6: 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the first additive is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 3. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the first additive is 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 4. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the second additive is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 5. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein an amount of the second additive is 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. 6. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the first additive and the second additive is a weight ratio of 10:1 to 0.08:1. 7. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the first additive and the second additive is a weight ratio of 7:1 to 0.1:1. 8. A lithium secondary battery comprising
a negative electrode including negative active material; a positive electrode including a positive active material; and the non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 1. 9. The lithium secondary battery of claim 8, wherein the positive active material is a lithium nickel-based compound. 10. The lithium secondary battery of claim 9, wherein the positive active material is a lithium nickel-based compound of Chemical Formula 7:
Lia1Nix1Coy1Az1O2 [Chemical Formula 7]
wherein, in Chemical Formula 7, 0.9≤a1≤1.1, 0.6≤x1≤0.90, 0.01≤y1≤0.3, 0.01≤z1≤0.3, x1+y1+z1=1, and A is Mn or Al. | 3,600 |
342,941 | 16,642,664 | 3,617 | A liquid-patient interface for fixing the relative geometric position and orientation of a patient's eye with respect to a laser applicator of an ophthalmological laser therapy system. The liquid-patient interface includes a lens element and a cone element, wherein the lens element is inserted into the cone element and permanently connected to the cone element such that the liquid-patient interface has an integral configuration. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding production method for such a liquid-patient interface. The liquid-patient interface, the lens element of which is embodied in one piece and contains an optical zone, which has a lens function, and an envelope region, adjoining the optical zone, having a defined height not equal to zero and having an upper edge, wherein the upper edge of the lens element facilitates a direct connection to the laser applicator. | 1.-16. (canceled) 17. A liquid-patient interface that fixes the relative geometric position and orientation of a patient's eye with respect to a laser applicator of an ophthalmological laser therapy system, comprising:
a lens element and a cone element; wherein the lens element is inserted into the cone element and permanently connected to the cone element such that the liquid-patient interface has an integral configuration; wherein the lens element is embodied in one piece and comprises an optical zone, which has a lens function, and an envelope region, adjoining the optical zone, having a defined height not equal to zero and having an upper edge; and wherein the upper edge of the lens element facilitates a direct connection to a laser applicator. 18. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the upper edge of the lens element further comprises a structure that forms a mechanically stable, direct connection to an applicator interface of the laser applicator of the ophthalmological laser therapy system. 19. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 18, wherein a defined structure of the upper edge of the lens element either
comprises an end face that forms a vacuum-tight connection by application of vacuum suction onto the applicator interface, wherein the vacuum suction is implemented either
by evacuating a volume that is delimited by a last optical applicator element, the applicator interface and the lens element, the applicator interface having a vacuum suction channel into the volume to this end, or
by way of the end face, the applicator interface having a vacuum suction channel that is positioned at the end face to this end, or
comprises a structure that facilitates an interlocking and/or force-fit connection to the applicator interface. 20. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 18, wherein the upper edge of the lens element comprises a positive alignment structure which is configured to engage in a negative alignment structure disposed at the applicator interface. 21. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 18, wherein the positive alignment structure comprises a shoulder, which is configured to engage in a negative alignment structure disposed at the applicator interface 22. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element comprises a polymer, or an optical glass. 23. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element comprises the polymer and the polymer comprises polycarbonate. 24. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element comprises the optical glass and the optical glass comprises silicon dioxide. 25. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 23, wherein the lens element is made of a polymer and is formed by an injection molding method, with a gate mark being disposed outside of the optical zone. 26. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 25, wherein the gate mark is disposed either
at a side of the upper edge of the lens element where the lens element has a maximum diameter, with the side being beveled such that a pin arising during molding does not exceed the maximum diameter of the upper edge, or at the inner side of the upper edge or at the outer side of the envelope region. 27. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein a lower delimiting face of the optical zone of the lens element is embodied as an optical element of the liquid-patient interface and has a lens function. 28. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein an upper delimiting face of the optical zone of the lens element has an antireflection layer or an antireflection layer system. 29. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 28, wherein the antireflection layer or the antireflection layer system is structured to suppress the reflection of radiation in at least one of the following wavelength ranges, wherein a suppression in the following wavelength range is implemented with a reflection R specified for the wavelength range:
1000 nm to 1100 nm, R<1%; 800 nm to 1200 nm, R<1%; 800 nm to 1000 nm, R<10%; 400 nm to 700 nm, with a constant reflection R over this wavelength range. 30. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein
the lens element is configured to receive, at an end side of the upper edge, illumination output coupled in from the applicator interface, or the cone element is configured to locally form a direct contact with the applicator interface and thereby receive illumination output coupled in from the laser applicator, or both of the foregoing. 31. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the cone element comprises a cone wall, a lower suction lip, a vacuum feedthrough, and a filling channel for liquids, wherein the vacuum feedthrough extends through the cone wall into the suction lip and the filling channel for liquids extends through the cone wall into a second volume bounded by a patient's eye, the cone wall and the lens element when vacuum suction is applied. 32. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element is adhesively bonded to the cone element with the aid of an adhesive that exerts minimal tensile or warping forces during the drying process. 33. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the cone element comprises a collar that is structured to lengthen the cone wall. 34. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 31, wherein the filling channel is disposed with such an offset in relation to the vacuum feedthrough that filling channel and vacuum feedthrough do not coincide in a view on the liquid-patient interface from above. 35. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 32, wherein the filling channel is disposed with such an offset in relation to the vacuum feedthrough that filling channel and vacuum feedthrough do not coincide in a view on the liquid-patient interface from above. 36. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 33, wherein the filling channel is disposed with such an offset in relation to the vacuum feedthrough that filling channel and vacuum feedthrough do not coincide in a view on the liquid-patient interface from above. 37. A production method for a liquid-patient interface for fixing the relative geometric position and orientation of a patient's eye with respect to a laser applicator of an ophthalmological laser therapy system, comprising:
manufacturing a lens element containing an optical zone, which has a lens function, and an envelope region, adjoining the optical zone, with an upper edge in one piece, and inserting the lens element in and adhesively bonding the lens element to an integral cone element, which comprises a cone wall, a lower suction lip, a vacuum feedthrough, and a filling channel for liquids, manufacturing the upper edge of the lens element such that upper edge facilitates a direct connection of the lens element to the laser applicator. 38. The production method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising forming a structure at the upper edge of the lens element, said structure facilitating a mechanically stable, direct connection to an applicator interface of the laser applicator. 39. The production method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising, manufacturing the lens element utilizing a polymer in injection molding method. | A liquid-patient interface for fixing the relative geometric position and orientation of a patient's eye with respect to a laser applicator of an ophthalmological laser therapy system. The liquid-patient interface includes a lens element and a cone element, wherein the lens element is inserted into the cone element and permanently connected to the cone element such that the liquid-patient interface has an integral configuration. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding production method for such a liquid-patient interface. The liquid-patient interface, the lens element of which is embodied in one piece and contains an optical zone, which has a lens function, and an envelope region, adjoining the optical zone, having a defined height not equal to zero and having an upper edge, wherein the upper edge of the lens element facilitates a direct connection to the laser applicator.1.-16. (canceled) 17. A liquid-patient interface that fixes the relative geometric position and orientation of a patient's eye with respect to a laser applicator of an ophthalmological laser therapy system, comprising:
a lens element and a cone element; wherein the lens element is inserted into the cone element and permanently connected to the cone element such that the liquid-patient interface has an integral configuration; wherein the lens element is embodied in one piece and comprises an optical zone, which has a lens function, and an envelope region, adjoining the optical zone, having a defined height not equal to zero and having an upper edge; and wherein the upper edge of the lens element facilitates a direct connection to a laser applicator. 18. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the upper edge of the lens element further comprises a structure that forms a mechanically stable, direct connection to an applicator interface of the laser applicator of the ophthalmological laser therapy system. 19. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 18, wherein a defined structure of the upper edge of the lens element either
comprises an end face that forms a vacuum-tight connection by application of vacuum suction onto the applicator interface, wherein the vacuum suction is implemented either
by evacuating a volume that is delimited by a last optical applicator element, the applicator interface and the lens element, the applicator interface having a vacuum suction channel into the volume to this end, or
by way of the end face, the applicator interface having a vacuum suction channel that is positioned at the end face to this end, or
comprises a structure that facilitates an interlocking and/or force-fit connection to the applicator interface. 20. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 18, wherein the upper edge of the lens element comprises a positive alignment structure which is configured to engage in a negative alignment structure disposed at the applicator interface. 21. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 18, wherein the positive alignment structure comprises a shoulder, which is configured to engage in a negative alignment structure disposed at the applicator interface 22. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element comprises a polymer, or an optical glass. 23. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element comprises the polymer and the polymer comprises polycarbonate. 24. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element comprises the optical glass and the optical glass comprises silicon dioxide. 25. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 23, wherein the lens element is made of a polymer and is formed by an injection molding method, with a gate mark being disposed outside of the optical zone. 26. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 25, wherein the gate mark is disposed either
at a side of the upper edge of the lens element where the lens element has a maximum diameter, with the side being beveled such that a pin arising during molding does not exceed the maximum diameter of the upper edge, or at the inner side of the upper edge or at the outer side of the envelope region. 27. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein a lower delimiting face of the optical zone of the lens element is embodied as an optical element of the liquid-patient interface and has a lens function. 28. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein an upper delimiting face of the optical zone of the lens element has an antireflection layer or an antireflection layer system. 29. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 28, wherein the antireflection layer or the antireflection layer system is structured to suppress the reflection of radiation in at least one of the following wavelength ranges, wherein a suppression in the following wavelength range is implemented with a reflection R specified for the wavelength range:
1000 nm to 1100 nm, R<1%; 800 nm to 1200 nm, R<1%; 800 nm to 1000 nm, R<10%; 400 nm to 700 nm, with a constant reflection R over this wavelength range. 30. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein
the lens element is configured to receive, at an end side of the upper edge, illumination output coupled in from the applicator interface, or the cone element is configured to locally form a direct contact with the applicator interface and thereby receive illumination output coupled in from the laser applicator, or both of the foregoing. 31. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the cone element comprises a cone wall, a lower suction lip, a vacuum feedthrough, and a filling channel for liquids, wherein the vacuum feedthrough extends through the cone wall into the suction lip and the filling channel for liquids extends through the cone wall into a second volume bounded by a patient's eye, the cone wall and the lens element when vacuum suction is applied. 32. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the lens element is adhesively bonded to the cone element with the aid of an adhesive that exerts minimal tensile or warping forces during the drying process. 33. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 17, wherein the cone element comprises a collar that is structured to lengthen the cone wall. 34. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 31, wherein the filling channel is disposed with such an offset in relation to the vacuum feedthrough that filling channel and vacuum feedthrough do not coincide in a view on the liquid-patient interface from above. 35. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 32, wherein the filling channel is disposed with such an offset in relation to the vacuum feedthrough that filling channel and vacuum feedthrough do not coincide in a view on the liquid-patient interface from above. 36. The liquid-patient interface as claimed in claim 33, wherein the filling channel is disposed with such an offset in relation to the vacuum feedthrough that filling channel and vacuum feedthrough do not coincide in a view on the liquid-patient interface from above. 37. A production method for a liquid-patient interface for fixing the relative geometric position and orientation of a patient's eye with respect to a laser applicator of an ophthalmological laser therapy system, comprising:
manufacturing a lens element containing an optical zone, which has a lens function, and an envelope region, adjoining the optical zone, with an upper edge in one piece, and inserting the lens element in and adhesively bonding the lens element to an integral cone element, which comprises a cone wall, a lower suction lip, a vacuum feedthrough, and a filling channel for liquids, manufacturing the upper edge of the lens element such that upper edge facilitates a direct connection of the lens element to the laser applicator. 38. The production method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising forming a structure at the upper edge of the lens element, said structure facilitating a mechanically stable, direct connection to an applicator interface of the laser applicator. 39. The production method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising, manufacturing the lens element utilizing a polymer in injection molding method. | 3,600 |
342,942 | 16,642,638 | 3,617 | The present disclosure relates to a thin film transistor and a manufacturing method thereof. The thin film transistor includes a substrate, a first semiconductor layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a gate electrode sequentially stacked on the substrate, the first semiconductor layer has a first portion located in a channel region of the thin film transistor and a second portion in source/drain regions of the thin film transistor and located on both sides of the first portion, the second portion and first sub-portions of the first portion adjacent to the second portion include an amorphous semiconductor material, a second sub-portion of the first portion between the first sub-portions includes a polycrystalline semiconductor material, and a second semiconductor layer located in the source/drain regions and in contact with the second portion, wherein a conductivity of the second semiconductor layer is higher than a conductivity of the amorphous semiconductor material. | 1. A thin film transistor comprising:
a substrate; a first semiconductor layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a gate electrode sequentially stacked on the substrate, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a first portion located in a channel region of the thin film transistor and a second portion located in source/drain regions of the thin film transistor and on both sides of the first portion, wherein the second portion and first sub-portion adjacent to the second portion of the first portion comprise an amorphous semiconductor material, and wherein a second sub-portion, between the first sub-portions, of the first portion comprises a polycrystalline semiconductor material; and a second semiconductor layer located in the source/drain regions and in contact with the second portion, wherein a conductivity of the second semiconductor layer is higher than a conductivity of the amorphous semiconductor material. 2. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor layer is in contact with a surface of the second portion facing the substrate. 3. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor layer is in contact with a surface of the second portion away from the substrate. 4. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are an N-type, and wherein an N-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than an N-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 5. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are a P-type, and wherein a P-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than a P-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 6. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein a doping concentration of the first semiconductor layer is between 1017 ions/cm3 and 1019 ions/cm3, and wherein a doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is between 1019 ions/cm3 and 1021 ions/cm3. 7. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. 8. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a source/drain electrode on a side of the second semiconductor layer facing away from the second portion. 9. A method for manufacturing a thin film transistor, the method comprising:
forming a first semiconductor layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a gate electrode sequentially on a substrate, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a first portion located in a channel region of the thin film transistor and a second portion located in a source/drain region of the thin film transistor and on both sides of the first portion, wherein the second portion and first sub-portions, adjacent to the second portion, of the first portion comprise an amorphous semiconductor material, and wherein a second sub-portion, between the first sub-portions, of the first portion comprises a polycrystalline semiconductor material; and forming a second semiconductor layer in the source/drain regions and in contact with the second portion, wherein a conductivity of the second semiconductor layer is higher than a conductivity of the amorphous semiconductor material. 10. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 9, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a first semiconductor material layer comprising the amorphous semiconductor material, the first semiconductor material layer comprising a middle portion as the first portion and edge portions as the second portion, the edge portions being on both sides of the middle portion; and converting a portion, corresponding to the first sub-portion, of the middle portion of the first semiconductor material layer into the polycrystalline semiconductor material. 11. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 10, wherein the converting comprises laser annealing the amorphous semiconductor material. 12. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 11, wherein the laser annealing comprises using a micro lens array mask. 13. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 9, further comprising forming a source/drain electrode on a side of the second semiconductor layer facing away from the second portions. 14. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 13, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer, and the source/drain electrode comprises:
forming a source/drain electrode on the substrate; forming the second semiconductor layer on the source/drain electrode; and forming the first semiconductor layer on the second semiconductor layer. 15. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 13, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer, and the source/drain electrode comprises:
forming the first semiconductor layer on the substrate; forming the second semiconductor layer on the first semiconductor layer; and forming the source/drain electrode on the second semiconductor layer. 16. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 14, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer comprises using CVD. 17. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 9, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. 18. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are an N-type, and wherein an N-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than an N-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 19. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are a P-type, and wherein a P-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than a P-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 20. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein a doping concentration of the first semiconductor layer is between 1017 ions/cm3 and 1019 ions/cm3, and wherein a doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is between 1019 ions/cm3 and 1021 ions/cm3. | The present disclosure relates to a thin film transistor and a manufacturing method thereof. The thin film transistor includes a substrate, a first semiconductor layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a gate electrode sequentially stacked on the substrate, the first semiconductor layer has a first portion located in a channel region of the thin film transistor and a second portion in source/drain regions of the thin film transistor and located on both sides of the first portion, the second portion and first sub-portions of the first portion adjacent to the second portion include an amorphous semiconductor material, a second sub-portion of the first portion between the first sub-portions includes a polycrystalline semiconductor material, and a second semiconductor layer located in the source/drain regions and in contact with the second portion, wherein a conductivity of the second semiconductor layer is higher than a conductivity of the amorphous semiconductor material.1. A thin film transistor comprising:
a substrate; a first semiconductor layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a gate electrode sequentially stacked on the substrate, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a first portion located in a channel region of the thin film transistor and a second portion located in source/drain regions of the thin film transistor and on both sides of the first portion, wherein the second portion and first sub-portion adjacent to the second portion of the first portion comprise an amorphous semiconductor material, and wherein a second sub-portion, between the first sub-portions, of the first portion comprises a polycrystalline semiconductor material; and a second semiconductor layer located in the source/drain regions and in contact with the second portion, wherein a conductivity of the second semiconductor layer is higher than a conductivity of the amorphous semiconductor material. 2. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor layer is in contact with a surface of the second portion facing the substrate. 3. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor layer is in contact with a surface of the second portion away from the substrate. 4. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are an N-type, and wherein an N-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than an N-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 5. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are a P-type, and wherein a P-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than a P-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 6. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein a doping concentration of the first semiconductor layer is between 1017 ions/cm3 and 1019 ions/cm3, and wherein a doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is between 1019 ions/cm3 and 1021 ions/cm3. 7. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. 8. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a source/drain electrode on a side of the second semiconductor layer facing away from the second portion. 9. A method for manufacturing a thin film transistor, the method comprising:
forming a first semiconductor layer, a gate dielectric layer, and a gate electrode sequentially on a substrate, wherein the first semiconductor layer has a first portion located in a channel region of the thin film transistor and a second portion located in a source/drain region of the thin film transistor and on both sides of the first portion, wherein the second portion and first sub-portions, adjacent to the second portion, of the first portion comprise an amorphous semiconductor material, and wherein a second sub-portion, between the first sub-portions, of the first portion comprises a polycrystalline semiconductor material; and forming a second semiconductor layer in the source/drain regions and in contact with the second portion, wherein a conductivity of the second semiconductor layer is higher than a conductivity of the amorphous semiconductor material. 10. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 9, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a first semiconductor material layer comprising the amorphous semiconductor material, the first semiconductor material layer comprising a middle portion as the first portion and edge portions as the second portion, the edge portions being on both sides of the middle portion; and converting a portion, corresponding to the first sub-portion, of the middle portion of the first semiconductor material layer into the polycrystalline semiconductor material. 11. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 10, wherein the converting comprises laser annealing the amorphous semiconductor material. 12. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 11, wherein the laser annealing comprises using a micro lens array mask. 13. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 9, further comprising forming a source/drain electrode on a side of the second semiconductor layer facing away from the second portions. 14. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 13, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer, and the source/drain electrode comprises:
forming a source/drain electrode on the substrate; forming the second semiconductor layer on the source/drain electrode; and forming the first semiconductor layer on the second semiconductor layer. 15. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 13, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer, and the source/drain electrode comprises:
forming the first semiconductor layer on the substrate; forming the second semiconductor layer on the first semiconductor layer; and forming the source/drain electrode on the second semiconductor layer. 16. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 14, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer comprises using CVD. 17. The method for manufacturing a thin film transistor according to claim 9, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. 18. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are an N-type, and wherein an N-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than an N-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 19. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein a doping type of the first semiconductor layer and a doping type of the second semiconductor layer are a P-type, and wherein a P-type carrier concentration of the second semiconductor layer is greater than a P-type carrier concentration of the first semiconductor layer. 20. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein a doping concentration of the first semiconductor layer is between 1017 ions/cm3 and 1019 ions/cm3, and wherein a doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is between 1019 ions/cm3 and 1021 ions/cm3. | 3,600 |
342,943 | 16,642,640 | 3,617 | Map projections necessarily distort the Earth's surface in some fashion as a result of the transformation to a coordinate system. However, different map projection systems can preserve some properties of geospatial data (e.g., area) at the expense of other properties (e.g., distance or azimuth). To produce a minimally distorted global raster, a global raster generator creates a number and variety of projections using as input geospatial data. The generator intelligently selects the projection systems based on properties of the input data and desired properties of an output global raster. The generator then applies interpolation algorithms to the projections to produce smooth and continuous projections. The generator then re-projects the interpolated projections to a desired output projection system and filters the projections to identify and remove regions of the projections which exhibit distortion. The generator merges the filtered projections which results in a minimally distorted global raster. | 1. A method comprising:
selecting a plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on geospatial data to be depicted in a global raster; projecting, for each projection system of the plurality of projection systems, the geospatial data onto a first projection in accordance with the projection system; identifying regions with minimal distortion in the first projections; and merging the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying regions with minimal distortion in the first projections comprises:
for each position of a plurality of positions,
determining, by a processor, first measurements for the position within the first projection and second measurements for the position within the geospatial data;
comparing, by the processor, the first measurements to the second measurements;
determining whether a difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds a threshold; and
based on determining that the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements does not exceed the threshold, indicating a region associated with the position as containing minimal distortion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises:
determining a first distance between the position and a reference position within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determining a second distance between the position and the reference position within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein determining whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises determining whether a difference between the first distance and the second distance exceeds the threshold. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises:
determining a first azimuth of the position with respect to a first cardinal direction within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determining a second azimuth of the position with respect to the first cardinal direction within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein determining whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises determining whether a difference between the first azimuth and the second azimuth exceeds the threshold. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying an interpolation algorithm to the first projections. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising transforming each of the first projections in accordance with an indicated output projection system. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on the geospatial data to be depicted in the global raster comprises:
determining a number of projection systems to select for the plurality of projections systems based, at least in part, on an indicated level of resolution for the global raster; determining properties of the geospatial data; and identifying projection systems compatible with the properties of the geospatial data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein merging the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster comprises:
storing each of the regions in memory; analyzing, by a processor, the regions in the memory to identify their geographic boundaries; and applying, by the processor, a mosaicking algorithm to merge the regions in accordance with the geographic boundaries. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a machine-readable medium having program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
select a plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on geospatial data to be depicted in a global raster;
project, for each projection system of the plurality of projection systems, the geospatial data onto a first projection in accordance with the projection system;
identify regions with minimal distortion in the first projections; and
merge the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the program code to identify regions with minimal distortion in the first projections comprises program code to:
for each position of a plurality of positions,
determine, by the processor, first measurements for the position within the first projection and second measurements for the position within the geospatial data;
compare, by the processor, the first measurements to the second measurements;
determine whether a difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds a threshold; and
based on a determination that the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements does not exceed the threshold, indicate a region associated with the position as containing minimal distortion. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a first distance between the position and a reference position within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determine a second distance between the position and the reference position within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether a difference between the first distance and the second distance exceeds the threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a first azimuth of the position with respect to a first cardinal direction within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determine a second azimuth of the position with respect to the first cardinal direction within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether a difference between the first azimuth and the second azimuth exceeds the threshold. 13. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to apply an interpolation algorithm to the first projections. 14. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to transform each of the first projections in accordance with an indicated output projection system. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to select the plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on the geospatial data to be depicted in the global raster comprises program code to:
determine a number of projection systems to select for the plurality of projections systems based, at least in part, on an indicated level of resolution for the global raster; determine properties of the geospatial data; and identify projection systems compatible with the properties of the geospatial data. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to merge the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster comprises:
analyze, by the processor, the regions to identify their geographic boundaries; and apply, by the processor, a mosaicking algorithm to merge the regions in accordance with the geographic boundaries. 17. One or more non-transitory machine-readable media comprising program code, the program code to:
select a plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on geospatial data to be depicted in a global raster; project, for each projection system of the plurality of projection systems, the geospatial data onto a first projection in accordance with the projection system; apply an interpolation algorithm to the first projections; transform each of the first projections in accordance with an indicated output projection system; identify regions with minimal distortion in the transformed first projections; and merge the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster. 18. The machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein the program code to identify regions with minimal distortion in the first projection comprises program code to:
for each position of a plurality of positions,
determine, by a processor, first measurements for the position within the first projection and second measurements for the position within the geospatial data;
compare, by the processor, the first measurements to the second measurements;
determine whether a difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds a threshold; and
based on a determination that the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements does not exceed the threshold, indicate a region associated with the position as containing minimal distortion. 19. The machine-readable media of claim 18, wherein the program code to determine the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises program code to:
determine a first distance between the position and a reference position within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determine a second distance between the position and the reference position within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein the program code to determine whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises program code to determine whether a difference between the first distance and the second distance exceeds the threshold. 20. The machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein the program code to select the plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on the geospatial data to be depicted in the global raster comprises program code to:
determine a number of projection systems to select for the plurality of projections systems based, at least in part, on an indicated level of resolution for the global raster; determine properties of the geospatial data; and identify projection systems compatible with the properties of the geospatial data. | Map projections necessarily distort the Earth's surface in some fashion as a result of the transformation to a coordinate system. However, different map projection systems can preserve some properties of geospatial data (e.g., area) at the expense of other properties (e.g., distance or azimuth). To produce a minimally distorted global raster, a global raster generator creates a number and variety of projections using as input geospatial data. The generator intelligently selects the projection systems based on properties of the input data and desired properties of an output global raster. The generator then applies interpolation algorithms to the projections to produce smooth and continuous projections. The generator then re-projects the interpolated projections to a desired output projection system and filters the projections to identify and remove regions of the projections which exhibit distortion. The generator merges the filtered projections which results in a minimally distorted global raster.1. A method comprising:
selecting a plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on geospatial data to be depicted in a global raster; projecting, for each projection system of the plurality of projection systems, the geospatial data onto a first projection in accordance with the projection system; identifying regions with minimal distortion in the first projections; and merging the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying regions with minimal distortion in the first projections comprises:
for each position of a plurality of positions,
determining, by a processor, first measurements for the position within the first projection and second measurements for the position within the geospatial data;
comparing, by the processor, the first measurements to the second measurements;
determining whether a difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds a threshold; and
based on determining that the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements does not exceed the threshold, indicating a region associated with the position as containing minimal distortion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises:
determining a first distance between the position and a reference position within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determining a second distance between the position and the reference position within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein determining whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises determining whether a difference between the first distance and the second distance exceeds the threshold. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises:
determining a first azimuth of the position with respect to a first cardinal direction within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determining a second azimuth of the position with respect to the first cardinal direction within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein determining whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises determining whether a difference between the first azimuth and the second azimuth exceeds the threshold. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying an interpolation algorithm to the first projections. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising transforming each of the first projections in accordance with an indicated output projection system. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on the geospatial data to be depicted in the global raster comprises:
determining a number of projection systems to select for the plurality of projections systems based, at least in part, on an indicated level of resolution for the global raster; determining properties of the geospatial data; and identifying projection systems compatible with the properties of the geospatial data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein merging the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster comprises:
storing each of the regions in memory; analyzing, by a processor, the regions in the memory to identify their geographic boundaries; and applying, by the processor, a mosaicking algorithm to merge the regions in accordance with the geographic boundaries. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a machine-readable medium having program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
select a plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on geospatial data to be depicted in a global raster;
project, for each projection system of the plurality of projection systems, the geospatial data onto a first projection in accordance with the projection system;
identify regions with minimal distortion in the first projections; and
merge the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the program code to identify regions with minimal distortion in the first projections comprises program code to:
for each position of a plurality of positions,
determine, by the processor, first measurements for the position within the first projection and second measurements for the position within the geospatial data;
compare, by the processor, the first measurements to the second measurements;
determine whether a difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds a threshold; and
based on a determination that the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements does not exceed the threshold, indicate a region associated with the position as containing minimal distortion. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a first distance between the position and a reference position within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determine a second distance between the position and the reference position within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether a difference between the first distance and the second distance exceeds the threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine a first azimuth of the position with respect to a first cardinal direction within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determine a second azimuth of the position with respect to the first cardinal direction within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether a difference between the first azimuth and the second azimuth exceeds the threshold. 13. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to apply an interpolation algorithm to the first projections. 14. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to transform each of the first projections in accordance with an indicated output projection system. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to select the plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on the geospatial data to be depicted in the global raster comprises program code to:
determine a number of projection systems to select for the plurality of projections systems based, at least in part, on an indicated level of resolution for the global raster; determine properties of the geospatial data; and identify projection systems compatible with the properties of the geospatial data. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to merge the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster comprises:
analyze, by the processor, the regions to identify their geographic boundaries; and apply, by the processor, a mosaicking algorithm to merge the regions in accordance with the geographic boundaries. 17. One or more non-transitory machine-readable media comprising program code, the program code to:
select a plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on geospatial data to be depicted in a global raster; project, for each projection system of the plurality of projection systems, the geospatial data onto a first projection in accordance with the projection system; apply an interpolation algorithm to the first projections; transform each of the first projections in accordance with an indicated output projection system; identify regions with minimal distortion in the transformed first projections; and merge the regions with minimal distortion to create the global raster. 18. The machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein the program code to identify regions with minimal distortion in the first projection comprises program code to:
for each position of a plurality of positions,
determine, by a processor, first measurements for the position within the first projection and second measurements for the position within the geospatial data;
compare, by the processor, the first measurements to the second measurements;
determine whether a difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds a threshold; and
based on a determination that the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements does not exceed the threshold, indicate a region associated with the position as containing minimal distortion. 19. The machine-readable media of claim 18, wherein the program code to determine the first measurements for the position within the first projection and the second measurements for the position within the geospatial data comprises program code to:
determine a first distance between the position and a reference position within a projected coordinate system of the first projection; and determine a second distance between the position and the reference position within a global coordinate system of the geospatial data; wherein the program code to determine whether the difference between the first measurements and the second measurements exceeds the threshold comprises program code to determine whether a difference between the first distance and the second distance exceeds the threshold. 20. The machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein the program code to select the plurality of projection systems based, at least in part, on the geospatial data to be depicted in the global raster comprises program code to:
determine a number of projection systems to select for the plurality of projections systems based, at least in part, on an indicated level of resolution for the global raster; determine properties of the geospatial data; and identify projection systems compatible with the properties of the geospatial data. | 3,600 |
342,944 | 16,642,651 | 3,617 | To provide a 4-hydroxybutyrate unit-containing polyhydroxyalkanoate having a high molecular weight and achieving a high strength at break and a high elongation at break. | 1. A polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 1,250,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards, wherein the polyester comprises at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit and a 4-hydroxybutyrate unit as polymerization units, and a proportion of the 4-hydroxybutyrate unit relative to all monomer units is from 14 mol % to 40 mol %. 2. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester has the weight average molecular weight of 1,380,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 3. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester has the weight average molecular weight of 1,800,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 4. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester has a number average molecular weight of 300,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 5. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization units consist of the 3-hydroxybutyrate unit and the 4-hydroxybutyrate unit. 6. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester is a random polymer. 7. A film comprising the polyester according to claim 1. | To provide a 4-hydroxybutyrate unit-containing polyhydroxyalkanoate having a high molecular weight and achieving a high strength at break and a high elongation at break.1. A polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 1,250,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards, wherein the polyester comprises at least a 3-hydroxybutyrate unit and a 4-hydroxybutyrate unit as polymerization units, and a proportion of the 4-hydroxybutyrate unit relative to all monomer units is from 14 mol % to 40 mol %. 2. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester has the weight average molecular weight of 1,380,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 3. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester has the weight average molecular weight of 1,800,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 4. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester has a number average molecular weight of 300,000 or greater determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 5. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization units consist of the 3-hydroxybutyrate unit and the 4-hydroxybutyrate unit. 6. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein the polyester is a random polymer. 7. A film comprising the polyester according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
342,945 | 16,642,693 | 3,617 | A liquid lens can have a chamber configured to improve the performance of the liquid lens, such as by improving the tilt response time and/or by reducing optical aberrations. The chamber can have sidewalls that conform to a shape of a truncated cone. The cone angle, and wide end diameter, and narrow end diameter can be selected by balancing competing factors. The liquid lens can include two fluids, and the fluid fill ratio can be selected to improve the performance of the liquid lens. In some embodiments, the sidewalls can conform to a portion of a sphere. | 1. A liquid lens comprising:
a chamber comprising a truncated cone portion with a side wall having a shape of a truncated cone with a narrow end and a wide end, wherein the narrow end of the truncated cone has a diameter of about 2.0 mm to about 2.5 mm, wherein the wide end of the truncated cone has a diameter of about 2.25 mm to about 2.75 mm, wherein the truncated cone has a cone height of about 300 microns to about 600 microns, and wherein the side wall is angled relative to a structural axis of the truncated cone by a cone angle of about 20 degrees to about 40 degrees; a first liquid contained in the chamber; a second liquid contained in the chamber, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are substantially immiscible to form a liquid interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; a first window disposed over the wide end of the truncated cone, wherein the first window is spaced apart from the wide end of the truncated cone by an above-cone height of about 100 microns to about 300 microns; a second window disposed under the narrow end of the truncated cone, wherein the chamber is disposed between the first window and the second window to transmit light along an optical path that intersects the liquid interface, the first window, and the second window; a first insulated electrode disposed at a first quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; a second insulated electrode disposed at a second quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; a third insulated electrode disposed at a third quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; a fourth insulated electrode disposed at a fourth quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; and a common electrode in electrical communication with the first liquid, wherein a position of the liquid interface is based at least in part on voltages applied to the common electrode and the insulated electrodes, and wherein the liquid interface tilts in response to different voltages applied between the insulated electrodes so that an optical axis of the liquid interface is angled relative to the structural axis by an optical tilt angle. 2. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens has a 10% to 90% response time of about 100 ms or less for a transition from an optical tilt angle of 0 degrees to an optical tilt angle of 0.6 degrees in response to a step function input. 3. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens has a 10% to 90% response time of about 75 ms or less for a transition from an optical tilt angle of 0 degrees to an optical tilt angle of 0.6 degrees in response to a step function input. 4. The liquid lens of claim 2, wherein the liquid lens has a 10% to 90% response time of at least about 25 ms for a transition from an optical tilt angle of 0 degrees to an optical tilt angle of 0.6 degrees in response to a step function input. 5. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 500 nm or less as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 6. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 400 nm or less as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 7. The liquid lens of claim 5, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of at least about 250 nm as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 8. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 400 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 9. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 350 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 10. The liquid lens of claim 8, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of at least about 200 nm after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 11. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with coma optical aberration of about 150 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 12. (canceled) 13. The liquid lens of claim 11, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with coma optical aberration of at least about 50 nm after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 14. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with trefoil optical aberration of about 400 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 15. (canceled) 16. The liquid lens of claim 14, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with trefoil optical aberration of at least about 100 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 17. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the first liquid has a first liquid height and the second liquid has a second liquid height when the liquid interface is flat, and wherein a ratio of the first liquid height to the second liquid height is about 1.5 to about 2. 18. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio between an active portion of the liquid interface and an inactive portion of the liquid interface is between about 2 to 1 and about 4 to 1 when the liquid interface is flat. 19. A liquid lens comprising:
a chamber forming a cavity having a cavity height that is about 600 microns or less; a first liquid contained in the chamber; a second liquid contained in the chamber, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are substantially immiscible to form a liquid interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; a plurality of insulated electrodes that are insulated from the first and second liquids; and a common electrode in electrical communication with the first liquid, wherein a position of the liquid interface is based at least in part on voltages applied to the electrodes, wherein the liquid interface tilts in response to different voltages applied between the insulated electrodes to produce an optical tilt angle, and wherein the liquid lens is configured to output light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 350 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 20-21. (canceled) 22. The liquid lens of claim 19, wherein a truncated cone portion of the chamber comprises a sidewall in a shape of a truncated cone having a wide end and a narrow end, wherein a ratio between a diameter of the wide end and a diameter of the narrow end is between about 1.1 and about 1.5, and wherein a first window disposed over the wide end of the truncated cone is spaced apart from the wide end of the truncated cone by an above-cone height of about 100 microns to about 300 microns. 23-27. (canceled) 28. A liquid lens comprising:
a chamber; a first liquid contained in the chamber; a second liquid contained in the chamber, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are substantially immiscible to form a liquid interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; one or more insulated electrodes that are insulated from the first and second liquids; and a common electrode in electrical communication with the first liquid, wherein a position of the liquid interface is based at least in part on voltages applied to the electrodes; wherein the liquid interface has an active portion at a center region of the liquid interface that transmits light output by the liquid lens to produce an image, wherein the liquid interface has an inactive portion at a peripheral region of the liquid interface that does not substantially contribute to the image, wherein the inactive portion occupies at least about 20% of the area of the flat liquid interface. 29-38. (canceled) 39. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the liquid interface at 0 diopters and no optical tilt angle to the diameter of the narrow end of the truncated cone is about 1.03 to about 1.15. | A liquid lens can have a chamber configured to improve the performance of the liquid lens, such as by improving the tilt response time and/or by reducing optical aberrations. The chamber can have sidewalls that conform to a shape of a truncated cone. The cone angle, and wide end diameter, and narrow end diameter can be selected by balancing competing factors. The liquid lens can include two fluids, and the fluid fill ratio can be selected to improve the performance of the liquid lens. In some embodiments, the sidewalls can conform to a portion of a sphere.1. A liquid lens comprising:
a chamber comprising a truncated cone portion with a side wall having a shape of a truncated cone with a narrow end and a wide end, wherein the narrow end of the truncated cone has a diameter of about 2.0 mm to about 2.5 mm, wherein the wide end of the truncated cone has a diameter of about 2.25 mm to about 2.75 mm, wherein the truncated cone has a cone height of about 300 microns to about 600 microns, and wherein the side wall is angled relative to a structural axis of the truncated cone by a cone angle of about 20 degrees to about 40 degrees; a first liquid contained in the chamber; a second liquid contained in the chamber, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are substantially immiscible to form a liquid interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; a first window disposed over the wide end of the truncated cone, wherein the first window is spaced apart from the wide end of the truncated cone by an above-cone height of about 100 microns to about 300 microns; a second window disposed under the narrow end of the truncated cone, wherein the chamber is disposed between the first window and the second window to transmit light along an optical path that intersects the liquid interface, the first window, and the second window; a first insulated electrode disposed at a first quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; a second insulated electrode disposed at a second quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; a third insulated electrode disposed at a third quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; a fourth insulated electrode disposed at a fourth quadrant in the liquid lens and insulated from the first and second liquids; and a common electrode in electrical communication with the first liquid, wherein a position of the liquid interface is based at least in part on voltages applied to the common electrode and the insulated electrodes, and wherein the liquid interface tilts in response to different voltages applied between the insulated electrodes so that an optical axis of the liquid interface is angled relative to the structural axis by an optical tilt angle. 2. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens has a 10% to 90% response time of about 100 ms or less for a transition from an optical tilt angle of 0 degrees to an optical tilt angle of 0.6 degrees in response to a step function input. 3. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens has a 10% to 90% response time of about 75 ms or less for a transition from an optical tilt angle of 0 degrees to an optical tilt angle of 0.6 degrees in response to a step function input. 4. The liquid lens of claim 2, wherein the liquid lens has a 10% to 90% response time of at least about 25 ms for a transition from an optical tilt angle of 0 degrees to an optical tilt angle of 0.6 degrees in response to a step function input. 5. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 500 nm or less as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 6. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 400 nm or less as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 7. The liquid lens of claim 5, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of at least about 250 nm as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 8. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 400 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 9. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 350 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 10. The liquid lens of claim 8, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of at least about 200 nm after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 11. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with coma optical aberration of about 150 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 12. (canceled) 13. The liquid lens of claim 11, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with coma optical aberration of at least about 50 nm after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 14. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with trefoil optical aberration of about 400 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 15. (canceled) 16. The liquid lens of claim 14, wherein the liquid lens outputs light with trefoil optical aberration of at least about 100 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 17. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein the first liquid has a first liquid height and the second liquid has a second liquid height when the liquid interface is flat, and wherein a ratio of the first liquid height to the second liquid height is about 1.5 to about 2. 18. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio between an active portion of the liquid interface and an inactive portion of the liquid interface is between about 2 to 1 and about 4 to 1 when the liquid interface is flat. 19. A liquid lens comprising:
a chamber forming a cavity having a cavity height that is about 600 microns or less; a first liquid contained in the chamber; a second liquid contained in the chamber, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are substantially immiscible to form a liquid interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; a plurality of insulated electrodes that are insulated from the first and second liquids; and a common electrode in electrical communication with the first liquid, wherein a position of the liquid interface is based at least in part on voltages applied to the electrodes, wherein the liquid interface tilts in response to different voltages applied between the insulated electrodes to produce an optical tilt angle, and wherein the liquid lens is configured to output light with optical aberrations having a total wavefront error of about 350 nm or less after 25 ms as the liquid interface moves from 0 degrees of optical tilt to 0.6 degrees of optical tilt in response to a step function input. 20-21. (canceled) 22. The liquid lens of claim 19, wherein a truncated cone portion of the chamber comprises a sidewall in a shape of a truncated cone having a wide end and a narrow end, wherein a ratio between a diameter of the wide end and a diameter of the narrow end is between about 1.1 and about 1.5, and wherein a first window disposed over the wide end of the truncated cone is spaced apart from the wide end of the truncated cone by an above-cone height of about 100 microns to about 300 microns. 23-27. (canceled) 28. A liquid lens comprising:
a chamber; a first liquid contained in the chamber; a second liquid contained in the chamber, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are substantially immiscible to form a liquid interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; one or more insulated electrodes that are insulated from the first and second liquids; and a common electrode in electrical communication with the first liquid, wherein a position of the liquid interface is based at least in part on voltages applied to the electrodes; wherein the liquid interface has an active portion at a center region of the liquid interface that transmits light output by the liquid lens to produce an image, wherein the liquid interface has an inactive portion at a peripheral region of the liquid interface that does not substantially contribute to the image, wherein the inactive portion occupies at least about 20% of the area of the flat liquid interface. 29-38. (canceled) 39. The liquid lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the liquid interface at 0 diopters and no optical tilt angle to the diameter of the narrow end of the truncated cone is about 1.03 to about 1.15. | 3,600 |
342,946 | 16,642,701 | 3,617 | Method for checking datagrams transmitted in an industrial automation system containing a plurality of automation cells, wherein datagrams to be checked are transmitted out of the automation cells via a respective firewall interface to check the firewall system and the datagrams are then checked in a rule-based manner, where the firewall system is formed by at least one virtual machine provided in a data processing system comprising a plurality of computer units, for transmission of the datagrams to be checked, a data link layer tunnel is respectively built between each firewall interface and the firewall system, and where both datagrams to be checked and at least successfully checked datagrams are transmitted inside the respective data link layer tunnel. | 1.-12. (canceled) 13. A method for checking datagrams transmitted within an industrial automation system comprising a plurality of automation cells which are interconnected via an industrial communications network and which each comprise a firewall interface and a plurality of automation appliances, datagrams to be checked being transmitted from the plurality of automation cells via a respective firewall interface for checking to a firewall system connected at least indirectly to the industrial communications network and being checked at the firewall system in a rule-based manner, the firewall system being formed by at least one virtual machine provided within a data processing system comprising a plurality of computer units, the method comprising:
establishing a data link layer tunnel between each respective firewall interface and the firewall system to transmit the datagrams to be checked; transmitting at least successfully checked datagrams along with datagrams to be checked within the respective data link layer tunnel; and encapsulating each datagram transmitted within the data link layer tunnels into a tunnel datagram which comprises a network layer header and a transport layer header along with the respective datagram, and transmitting each encapsulated datagram transmitted within the data link layer tunnels via a transport layer connection between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the firewall interfaces are each integrated into a controller or router of the respective automation cell. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the industrial communications network comprises a first subnetwork which is secured against access from a second IP-based subnetwork and is connected via a router to the second subnetwork. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the industrial communications network comprises a first subnetwork which is secured against access from a second IP-based subnetwork and is connected via a router to the second subnetwork. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the data processing system which the virtual machine forming the firewall system provides is connected to the second subnetwork. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein each firewall interface is redundantly configured and is connected to the firewall system in accordance with a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol. 19. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plurality of automation cells are each redundantly connected to the industrial communications network in accordance with one of (i) a Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, (ii) High-availability Redundancy Protocol and (iii) Media Redundancy Protocol. 20. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the datagrams are each transmitted within the data link layer tunnels in encrypted form. 21. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the datagrams are each transmitted within the data transport layer tunnel via an unsecured transport layer connection between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the datagrams are each transmitted within the data link layer tunnels between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system in accordance with a User Datagram Protocol. 23. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the data link layer tunnels between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system are set up in accordance with Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 7348. 24. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the firewall system checks datagrams transmitted by the firewall interfaces of the automation cells based on defined security rules, transmits successfully checked datagrams back to one of (i) a respective firewall interface and (ii) a firewall interface of a destination automation cell and rejects datagrams which do not comply with the defined security rules. 25. An automation and/or communications appliance for an industrial automation system, comprising:
a firewall interface and is assigned to an automation cell of the automation system comprising a plurality of automation appliances, the automation cell being connected to an industrial communications network; wherein the automation and/or communications appliance is configured to: transmit datagrams to be checked from the automation cell via the firewall interface for checking to a firewall system connected at least indirectly to the industrial communications network, establish a data link layer tunnel between the firewall interface and the firewall system to transmit the datagrams to be checked; transmit at least successfully checked datagrams along with datagrams to be checked within the data link layer tunnel; and encapsulate datagrams transmitted within the data link layer tunnel into a tunnel datagram which comprises a network layer header and a transport layer header along with the respective datagram, and transmit said encapsulated datagrams transmitted within the data link layer tunnel via a transport layer connection between the firewall interface and the firewall system. | Method for checking datagrams transmitted in an industrial automation system containing a plurality of automation cells, wherein datagrams to be checked are transmitted out of the automation cells via a respective firewall interface to check the firewall system and the datagrams are then checked in a rule-based manner, where the firewall system is formed by at least one virtual machine provided in a data processing system comprising a plurality of computer units, for transmission of the datagrams to be checked, a data link layer tunnel is respectively built between each firewall interface and the firewall system, and where both datagrams to be checked and at least successfully checked datagrams are transmitted inside the respective data link layer tunnel.1.-12. (canceled) 13. A method for checking datagrams transmitted within an industrial automation system comprising a plurality of automation cells which are interconnected via an industrial communications network and which each comprise a firewall interface and a plurality of automation appliances, datagrams to be checked being transmitted from the plurality of automation cells via a respective firewall interface for checking to a firewall system connected at least indirectly to the industrial communications network and being checked at the firewall system in a rule-based manner, the firewall system being formed by at least one virtual machine provided within a data processing system comprising a plurality of computer units, the method comprising:
establishing a data link layer tunnel between each respective firewall interface and the firewall system to transmit the datagrams to be checked; transmitting at least successfully checked datagrams along with datagrams to be checked within the respective data link layer tunnel; and encapsulating each datagram transmitted within the data link layer tunnels into a tunnel datagram which comprises a network layer header and a transport layer header along with the respective datagram, and transmitting each encapsulated datagram transmitted within the data link layer tunnels via a transport layer connection between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the firewall interfaces are each integrated into a controller or router of the respective automation cell. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the industrial communications network comprises a first subnetwork which is secured against access from a second IP-based subnetwork and is connected via a router to the second subnetwork. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the industrial communications network comprises a first subnetwork which is secured against access from a second IP-based subnetwork and is connected via a router to the second subnetwork. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the data processing system which the virtual machine forming the firewall system provides is connected to the second subnetwork. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein each firewall interface is redundantly configured and is connected to the firewall system in accordance with a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol. 19. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plurality of automation cells are each redundantly connected to the industrial communications network in accordance with one of (i) a Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, (ii) High-availability Redundancy Protocol and (iii) Media Redundancy Protocol. 20. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the datagrams are each transmitted within the data link layer tunnels in encrypted form. 21. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the datagrams are each transmitted within the data transport layer tunnel via an unsecured transport layer connection between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the datagrams are each transmitted within the data link layer tunnels between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system in accordance with a User Datagram Protocol. 23. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the data link layer tunnels between the respective firewall interface and the firewall system are set up in accordance with Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 7348. 24. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the firewall system checks datagrams transmitted by the firewall interfaces of the automation cells based on defined security rules, transmits successfully checked datagrams back to one of (i) a respective firewall interface and (ii) a firewall interface of a destination automation cell and rejects datagrams which do not comply with the defined security rules. 25. An automation and/or communications appliance for an industrial automation system, comprising:
a firewall interface and is assigned to an automation cell of the automation system comprising a plurality of automation appliances, the automation cell being connected to an industrial communications network; wherein the automation and/or communications appliance is configured to: transmit datagrams to be checked from the automation cell via the firewall interface for checking to a firewall system connected at least indirectly to the industrial communications network, establish a data link layer tunnel between the firewall interface and the firewall system to transmit the datagrams to be checked; transmit at least successfully checked datagrams along with datagrams to be checked within the data link layer tunnel; and encapsulate datagrams transmitted within the data link layer tunnel into a tunnel datagram which comprises a network layer header and a transport layer header along with the respective datagram, and transmit said encapsulated datagrams transmitted within the data link layer tunnel via a transport layer connection between the firewall interface and the firewall system. | 3,600 |
342,947 | 16,642,688 | 3,617 | A cathode device (20) includes a rotation plate (26) to which a magnetic circuit (27) is fixed, a rotation mechanism (21) including a rotation shaft (25) that rotates the rotation plate (26) when receiving power from a motor (21M), a linear motion parallel link mechanism (22 to 24), and a controller (30). The linear motion parallel link mechanism (22 to 24) includes an end effector (24), six links (23) each having a distal end and a proximal end, and three linear motion mechanisms (22). The end effector (24) rotationally supports the rotation shaft (25). The distal ends of the links (23) are connected to the end effector (24). The links (23) radially extend from the end effector (24). The linear motion mechanisms (22) move the proximal ends of adjacent two of the links (23) in one direction when receiving power from respective linear actuators (22M). The controller (30) controls a change in position of the rotation shaft (25) performed by a cooperative operation of the linear actuators (22M), and controls rotation of the rotation shaft (25) operated by the motor (21M). | 1. A cathode device, comprising:
a rotation plate to which a magnetic circuit is fixed; a rotation mechanism including a rotation shaft that rotates the rotation plate when receiving power from a motor; a linear motion parallel link mechanism including an end effector, six links each having a distal end and a proximal end, and three linear motion mechanisms, wherein the end effector rotationally supports the rotation shaft, the distal ends of the links are connected to the end effector, the links radially extend from the end effector, and the linear motion mechanisms move the proximal ends of adjacent two of the links in one direction when receiving power from respective linear actuators; and a controller that controls a change in position of the rotation shaft performed by a cooperative operation of the linear actuators, and controls rotation of the rotation shaft operated by the motor. 2. The cathode device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a tilt mechanism that inclines the linear motion parallel link mechanism together with the rotation plate from a target. 3. The cathode device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a single tube having a tubular surface extending in the one direction, wherein the linear motion mechanisms are supported by the tubular surface on the tube. 4. The cathode device according to claim 3, wherein the tube has opposite ends in the one direction and includes flanges extending radially outward from the opposite ends. 5. The cathode device according to claim 3, wherein
each of the linear motion mechanisms is disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the tube, the tube includes holes radially extending through the tube and extending in the one direction, and the holes allow the links to extend from an inside to an outside of the tube. 6. The cathode device according to claim 3, wherein the tube further includes a hole radially extending through the tube to allow the rotation mechanism to extend from an inside to an outside of the tube. 7. The cathode device according to claim 1, wherein the controller rotates the rotation shaft while changing the position of the rotation shaft. 8. A sputtering apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum chamber; and a cathode device mounted on the vacuum chamber, wherein the cathode device is the cathode device according to claim 1. | A cathode device (20) includes a rotation plate (26) to which a magnetic circuit (27) is fixed, a rotation mechanism (21) including a rotation shaft (25) that rotates the rotation plate (26) when receiving power from a motor (21M), a linear motion parallel link mechanism (22 to 24), and a controller (30). The linear motion parallel link mechanism (22 to 24) includes an end effector (24), six links (23) each having a distal end and a proximal end, and three linear motion mechanisms (22). The end effector (24) rotationally supports the rotation shaft (25). The distal ends of the links (23) are connected to the end effector (24). The links (23) radially extend from the end effector (24). The linear motion mechanisms (22) move the proximal ends of adjacent two of the links (23) in one direction when receiving power from respective linear actuators (22M). The controller (30) controls a change in position of the rotation shaft (25) performed by a cooperative operation of the linear actuators (22M), and controls rotation of the rotation shaft (25) operated by the motor (21M).1. A cathode device, comprising:
a rotation plate to which a magnetic circuit is fixed; a rotation mechanism including a rotation shaft that rotates the rotation plate when receiving power from a motor; a linear motion parallel link mechanism including an end effector, six links each having a distal end and a proximal end, and three linear motion mechanisms, wherein the end effector rotationally supports the rotation shaft, the distal ends of the links are connected to the end effector, the links radially extend from the end effector, and the linear motion mechanisms move the proximal ends of adjacent two of the links in one direction when receiving power from respective linear actuators; and a controller that controls a change in position of the rotation shaft performed by a cooperative operation of the linear actuators, and controls rotation of the rotation shaft operated by the motor. 2. The cathode device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a tilt mechanism that inclines the linear motion parallel link mechanism together with the rotation plate from a target. 3. The cathode device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a single tube having a tubular surface extending in the one direction, wherein the linear motion mechanisms are supported by the tubular surface on the tube. 4. The cathode device according to claim 3, wherein the tube has opposite ends in the one direction and includes flanges extending radially outward from the opposite ends. 5. The cathode device according to claim 3, wherein
each of the linear motion mechanisms is disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the tube, the tube includes holes radially extending through the tube and extending in the one direction, and the holes allow the links to extend from an inside to an outside of the tube. 6. The cathode device according to claim 3, wherein the tube further includes a hole radially extending through the tube to allow the rotation mechanism to extend from an inside to an outside of the tube. 7. The cathode device according to claim 1, wherein the controller rotates the rotation shaft while changing the position of the rotation shaft. 8. A sputtering apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum chamber; and a cathode device mounted on the vacuum chamber, wherein the cathode device is the cathode device according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
342,948 | 16,642,680 | 3,617 | A ballast water treatment method includes: a step of supplying a sterilizing component to a ballast pipe while taking ballast water into a ballast tank through the ballast pipe; a first measurement step of measuring the concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water after the sterilizing component is supplied; a circulation step of returning the ballast water stored in the ballast tank to the ballast pipe through a circulation pipe; a second measurement step of measuring the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water returned to the ballast pipe; and a step of supplying the sterilizing component to the ballast pipe 2 when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step. In the first supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe 2 such that the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step becomes 6 mg/L or more. | 1. A ballast water treatment method comprising:
a first supply step of supplying a sterilizing component to a ballast pipe while taking ballast water into a ballast tank through the ballast pipe; a first measurement step of measuring concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water after the sterilizing component is supplied; a circulation step of returning the ballast water stored in the ballast tank to the ballast pipe through a circulation pipe connected to the ballast tank before the ballast water stored in the ballast tank is discharged; a second measurement step of measuring the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water returned to the ballast pipe; and a second supply step of supplying the sterilizing component to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step, wherein in the first supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step becomes 6 mg/L or more. 2. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the first supply step and the first measurement step are further performed one or more times after the first measurement step is finished and before the circulation step is performed. 3. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein, when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in a last first measurement step among a plurality of the first measurement steps, in the second supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the last first measurement step. 4. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein, when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step where an take-in amount of the ballast water is largest among the plurality of first measurement steps, in the second supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step where the take-in amount of the ballast water is largest. 5. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein, when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times a maximum value of the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the plurality of first measurement steps, in the second supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the maximum value. 6. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein
in the first supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step becomes 10 mg/L or less, and when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times a minimum value of the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the plurality of first measurement steps, in the second measurement step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less with respect to all sterilizing concentrations measured in the plurality of first measurement steps. | A ballast water treatment method includes: a step of supplying a sterilizing component to a ballast pipe while taking ballast water into a ballast tank through the ballast pipe; a first measurement step of measuring the concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water after the sterilizing component is supplied; a circulation step of returning the ballast water stored in the ballast tank to the ballast pipe through a circulation pipe; a second measurement step of measuring the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water returned to the ballast pipe; and a step of supplying the sterilizing component to the ballast pipe 2 when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step. In the first supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe 2 such that the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step becomes 6 mg/L or more.1. A ballast water treatment method comprising:
a first supply step of supplying a sterilizing component to a ballast pipe while taking ballast water into a ballast tank through the ballast pipe; a first measurement step of measuring concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water after the sterilizing component is supplied; a circulation step of returning the ballast water stored in the ballast tank to the ballast pipe through a circulation pipe connected to the ballast tank before the ballast water stored in the ballast tank is discharged; a second measurement step of measuring the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water returned to the ballast pipe; and a second supply step of supplying the sterilizing component to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step, wherein in the first supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step becomes 6 mg/L or more. 2. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the first supply step and the first measurement step are further performed one or more times after the first measurement step is finished and before the circulation step is performed. 3. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein, when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in a last first measurement step among a plurality of the first measurement steps, in the second supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the last first measurement step. 4. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein, when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step where an take-in amount of the ballast water is largest among the plurality of first measurement steps, in the second supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component contained in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step where the take-in amount of the ballast water is largest. 5. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein, when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times a maximum value of the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the plurality of first measurement steps, in the second supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less the maximum value. 6. The ballast water treatment method according to claim 2, wherein
in the first supply step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the first measurement step becomes 10 mg/L or less, and when the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the second measurement step is less than 0.2 times a minimum value of the concentration of the sterilizing component measured in the plurality of first measurement steps, in the second measurement step, the sterilizing component is supplied to the ballast pipe such that the concentration of the sterilizing component in the ballast water flowing through the ballast pipe becomes 0.2 times or more and 0.5 times or less with respect to all sterilizing concentrations measured in the plurality of first measurement steps. | 3,600 |
342,949 | 16,642,674 | 3,617 | A medical image processing device and a corresponding method are provided that can extract and enhance a signal in a medical image. A medical image processing device that applies image processing to a medical image, the device including an acquiring unit that acquires an original image, a first extraction unit that extracts a local bias component image, a creating unit that decomposes a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image into at least two frequency bands and creates a low-frequency component image formed of a component in the lowest frequency band, a second extraction unit that extracts a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image, and a computing unit that multiplies the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain, adds to the local bias component image, and computes a contrast enhanced image. | 1. A medical image processing device that applies image processing to a medical image, the device comprising:
an acquiring unit configured to acquire an original image; a first extraction unit configured to extract a local bias component image that is a local bias component in the original image; a creating unit configured to decompose a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image into at least two frequency bands and create a low-frequency component image formed of a component in a lowest frequency band of the decomposed frequency band; a second extraction unit configured to extract a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image; and a computing unit configured to multiply the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain, add to the local bias component image, and compute a contrast enhanced image. 2. The medical image processing device according to claim 1,
wherein: the creating unit also creates a frequency component image formed of a component in a frequency band different from the low-frequency component image; and the computing unit multiplies the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain and adds to the local bias component image as well as the computing unit adds the frequency component image and computes a contrast enhanced image. 3. The medical image processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a noise map acquiring unit configured to acquire a noise map expressing a distribution of a noise component included in the original image,
wherein the first extraction unit and the second extraction unit extract a local bias component using the noise map. 4. The medical image processing device according to claim 3,
wherein the noise map acquiring unit separates projection data used in creating an original image into an even-numbered view and an odd-numbered view, and creates the noise map based on a difference image between a reconstruction image created using the even-numbered view and a reconstruction image created using the odd-numbered view. 5. The medical image processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a gain computing unit configured to compute the gain based on a pixel value of the local bias component low-frequency image. 6. The medical image processing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a display unit configured to display the original image and the contrast enhanced image; and a gain setting unit configured to set the gain, wherein the display unit updates and displays the contrast enhanced image every time the gain is set. 7. The medical image processing device according to claim 6,
wherein the gain setting unit displays a range of a settable gain. 8. The medical image processing device according to claim 7,
wherein the range of the settable gain is computed based on a pixel value of the local bias component low-frequency image. 9. The medical image processing device according to claim 8,
wherein the range of the settable gain is a range from a minimum value to a maximum value of a pixel value of the local bias component low-frequency image. 10. A medical image processing method of applying image processing to a medical image, the method comprising:
an acquiring step in which an original image is acquired; a first extraction step in which a local bias component image that is a local bias component in the original image is extracted; a creating step in which a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image is decomposed into at least two frequency bands and a low-frequency component image formed of a component in a lowest frequency band of the decomposed frequency bands is created; a second extraction step in which a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image is extracted; and a computing step in which the local bias component low-frequency image is multiplied by a gain, added to the local bias component image, and a contrast enhanced image is computed. | A medical image processing device and a corresponding method are provided that can extract and enhance a signal in a medical image. A medical image processing device that applies image processing to a medical image, the device including an acquiring unit that acquires an original image, a first extraction unit that extracts a local bias component image, a creating unit that decomposes a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image into at least two frequency bands and creates a low-frequency component image formed of a component in the lowest frequency band, a second extraction unit that extracts a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image, and a computing unit that multiplies the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain, adds to the local bias component image, and computes a contrast enhanced image.1. A medical image processing device that applies image processing to a medical image, the device comprising:
an acquiring unit configured to acquire an original image; a first extraction unit configured to extract a local bias component image that is a local bias component in the original image; a creating unit configured to decompose a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image into at least two frequency bands and create a low-frequency component image formed of a component in a lowest frequency band of the decomposed frequency band; a second extraction unit configured to extract a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image; and a computing unit configured to multiply the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain, add to the local bias component image, and compute a contrast enhanced image. 2. The medical image processing device according to claim 1,
wherein: the creating unit also creates a frequency component image formed of a component in a frequency band different from the low-frequency component image; and the computing unit multiplies the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain and adds to the local bias component image as well as the computing unit adds the frequency component image and computes a contrast enhanced image. 3. The medical image processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a noise map acquiring unit configured to acquire a noise map expressing a distribution of a noise component included in the original image,
wherein the first extraction unit and the second extraction unit extract a local bias component using the noise map. 4. The medical image processing device according to claim 3,
wherein the noise map acquiring unit separates projection data used in creating an original image into an even-numbered view and an odd-numbered view, and creates the noise map based on a difference image between a reconstruction image created using the even-numbered view and a reconstruction image created using the odd-numbered view. 5. The medical image processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a gain computing unit configured to compute the gain based on a pixel value of the local bias component low-frequency image. 6. The medical image processing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a display unit configured to display the original image and the contrast enhanced image; and a gain setting unit configured to set the gain, wherein the display unit updates and displays the contrast enhanced image every time the gain is set. 7. The medical image processing device according to claim 6,
wherein the gain setting unit displays a range of a settable gain. 8. The medical image processing device according to claim 7,
wherein the range of the settable gain is computed based on a pixel value of the local bias component low-frequency image. 9. The medical image processing device according to claim 8,
wherein the range of the settable gain is a range from a minimum value to a maximum value of a pixel value of the local bias component low-frequency image. 10. A medical image processing method of applying image processing to a medical image, the method comprising:
an acquiring step in which an original image is acquired; a first extraction step in which a local bias component image that is a local bias component in the original image is extracted; a creating step in which a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image is decomposed into at least two frequency bands and a low-frequency component image formed of a component in a lowest frequency band of the decomposed frequency bands is created; a second extraction step in which a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image is extracted; and a computing step in which the local bias component low-frequency image is multiplied by a gain, added to the local bias component image, and a contrast enhanced image is computed. | 3,600 |
342,950 | 16,642,686 | 3,617 | The amount of absorbed energy at the time of load input is improved with high mass efficiency. | 1. A hollow member comprising:
a hollow metal member having a bending induction portion in a portion thereof in a longitudinal direction; and a resin material made of a resin having a Young's modulus of 20 MPa or more and disposed in the bending induction portion in close contact with the metal member. 2. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the metal member includes a bottom wall part, a pair of side wall parts standing from both ends of the bottom wall part, and a top wall part facing the bottom wall part, and a closed cross section is formed by the bottom wall part, the pair of side wall parts, and the top wall part. 3. The hollow member according to claim 2,
wherein the resin material is disposed in close contact with an inner surface of at least one of the bottom wall part and the top wall part. 4. The hollow member according to claim 2,
wherein the resin material is disposed in close contact with an inner surface of at least one of the pair of side wall parts. 5. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein a second metal sheet is disposed on an inside of the metal member and joins to a first metal sheet forming the metal member. 6. The hollow member according to claim 5,
wherein the resin material is disposed in close contact with the second metal sheet. 7. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein a first metal sheet forming the metal member has a hole, the resin material is made of a foamed resin, and the resin material passes through the hole and is disposed in close contact with both an outer surface and an inner surface of the first metal sheet. 8. The hollow member according to claim 7,
wherein a hole edge end of the hole is located inward of the metal member from the first metal sheet forming the metal member. 9. The hollow member according to claim 8,
wherein the hole is a burring hole in which the hole edge end of the hole protrudes from an outside to an inside of the first metal sheet forming the metal member. 10. The hollow member according to claim 7,
wherein the hole is provided with a recess portion recessed inward of the metal member from the first metal sheet forming the metal member, and the hole is provided in an inner portion of the recess portion. 11. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion where a full plastic moment of the metal member changes in the longitudinal direction. 12. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion in which a radius of curvature of a locus of a center of mass along the longitudinal direction formed by the center of mass of a cross section of the metal member is 260 mm or less. 13. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a sheet thickness changing portion. 14. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion provided with a recessed part. 15. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion provided with a protrusion. 16. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion provided with a hole. 17. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the resin material is disposed so as to cover the bending induction portion and peripheral portions of the bending induction portion on both sides in the longitudinal direction. 18. The hollow member according to claim 17,
wherein the resin material is disposed so as to cover the bending induction portion and the peripheral portions of the bending induction portion on both sides in the longitudinal direction within a range in which a distance from the bending induction portion to an end portion of the resin material in the longitudinal direction is ½ or less of a cross-sectional height of the metal member. 19. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein, in a cross section of the metal member, the resin material is disposed on a side where the bending induction portion is present with respect to a boundary that halves the cross section in a height direction of the cross section defined by a direction from a center of mass of the cross section toward the bending induction portion. 20. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the resin material is disposed in a portion of the bending induction portion and is not disposed in the other portion of the bending induction portion. | The amount of absorbed energy at the time of load input is improved with high mass efficiency.1. A hollow member comprising:
a hollow metal member having a bending induction portion in a portion thereof in a longitudinal direction; and a resin material made of a resin having a Young's modulus of 20 MPa or more and disposed in the bending induction portion in close contact with the metal member. 2. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the metal member includes a bottom wall part, a pair of side wall parts standing from both ends of the bottom wall part, and a top wall part facing the bottom wall part, and a closed cross section is formed by the bottom wall part, the pair of side wall parts, and the top wall part. 3. The hollow member according to claim 2,
wherein the resin material is disposed in close contact with an inner surface of at least one of the bottom wall part and the top wall part. 4. The hollow member according to claim 2,
wherein the resin material is disposed in close contact with an inner surface of at least one of the pair of side wall parts. 5. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein a second metal sheet is disposed on an inside of the metal member and joins to a first metal sheet forming the metal member. 6. The hollow member according to claim 5,
wherein the resin material is disposed in close contact with the second metal sheet. 7. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein a first metal sheet forming the metal member has a hole, the resin material is made of a foamed resin, and the resin material passes through the hole and is disposed in close contact with both an outer surface and an inner surface of the first metal sheet. 8. The hollow member according to claim 7,
wherein a hole edge end of the hole is located inward of the metal member from the first metal sheet forming the metal member. 9. The hollow member according to claim 8,
wherein the hole is a burring hole in which the hole edge end of the hole protrudes from an outside to an inside of the first metal sheet forming the metal member. 10. The hollow member according to claim 7,
wherein the hole is provided with a recess portion recessed inward of the metal member from the first metal sheet forming the metal member, and the hole is provided in an inner portion of the recess portion. 11. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion where a full plastic moment of the metal member changes in the longitudinal direction. 12. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion in which a radius of curvature of a locus of a center of mass along the longitudinal direction formed by the center of mass of a cross section of the metal member is 260 mm or less. 13. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a sheet thickness changing portion. 14. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion provided with a recessed part. 15. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion provided with a protrusion. 16. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the bending induction portion is a portion provided with a hole. 17. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the resin material is disposed so as to cover the bending induction portion and peripheral portions of the bending induction portion on both sides in the longitudinal direction. 18. The hollow member according to claim 17,
wherein the resin material is disposed so as to cover the bending induction portion and the peripheral portions of the bending induction portion on both sides in the longitudinal direction within a range in which a distance from the bending induction portion to an end portion of the resin material in the longitudinal direction is ½ or less of a cross-sectional height of the metal member. 19. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein, in a cross section of the metal member, the resin material is disposed on a side where the bending induction portion is present with respect to a boundary that halves the cross section in a height direction of the cross section defined by a direction from a center of mass of the cross section toward the bending induction portion. 20. The hollow member according to claim 1,
wherein the resin material is disposed in a portion of the bending induction portion and is not disposed in the other portion of the bending induction portion. | 3,600 |
342,951 | 16,642,683 | 3,617 | The invention provides shape-stable products for storing and releasing thermal energy, based on thermoplastic polymer compositions containing organic phase change materials (PCM) incorporated into a polymer matrix, the products withstanding multiple melting-crystallization cycles of the PCM while maintaining their shape, dimensions, and the thermal energy storage capacity. | 1. A thermoplastic shape-stable polymer composition configured to store and release thermal energy, the composition comprising at least one organic phase change material (PCM), and a polymer matrix comprising at least one highly crystalline polymer (polymer A) with at least one low crystallinity or substantially amorphous polymer (polymer B), and at least one organogelator for gelling molten compositions. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said PCM comprises a crystalline organic material having a high latent heat of phase transition, chosen from normal paraffins, fatty acids, fatty add esters, and blends thereof, and constituting from 10 to 80 wt % of the composition. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer A is a thermoplastic polymer with a melting temperature above melting temperature of said PCM, chosen from crystalline polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, and blends thereof, and constituting from 20 to 55 wt % of the polymer matrix. 7. (canceled) 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer A is polypropylene or high density polyethylene. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer B is at least partially miscible with said PCM. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer B is chosen from low density polyethylene, random copolymers of ethylene with C3-C10 alpha-olefins, random copolymers of propylene with C4-C10 alpha-olefins, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, olefin block-copolymers, styrenic block-copolymers, polyolefin elastomers, and blends thereof. 11. The composition of claim 1, comprising from 0.01 to 5 wt % of organogelators, being solidified gelled composition, while PCM undergoes multiple phase transitions. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein said organogelator has gelation onset temperature above crystallization temperature of said polymer A. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein said organogelator is chosen from sorbitol or nonitol derivatives. 14. The composition of claim 1, comprising additional organogelators, having gelation onset temperatures below crystallization temperature of polymer A and above crystallization temperature of said PCM. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer B is dynamically cross-linked in the presence of said polymer A. 18. A process for manufacturing thermoplastic shape-stable polymer compositions configured to store and release thermal energy, comprising melt mixing in a device at least one highly crystalline polymer, polymer A of a polymer matrix, at least one low crystallinity or substantially amorphous polymer, polymer B of the polymer matrix, and at least one organogelator with an organic PCM, continuously or batch-wise, whereas the organic PCM is fed into said device in solid or liquid state. 19. The process of claim 18, further comprising pelletizing or a shaping step selected from extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, and 3D-printing. 20. (canceled) 21. The process of claim 18, further comprising dynamic cross-linking of said polymer B in the presence of said polymer A. 22. (canceled) 23. A shape-stable product comprising the composition of claim 1, selected from filaments, pellets, profiles, sheets, molded articles, films, and fibers. | The invention provides shape-stable products for storing and releasing thermal energy, based on thermoplastic polymer compositions containing organic phase change materials (PCM) incorporated into a polymer matrix, the products withstanding multiple melting-crystallization cycles of the PCM while maintaining their shape, dimensions, and the thermal energy storage capacity.1. A thermoplastic shape-stable polymer composition configured to store and release thermal energy, the composition comprising at least one organic phase change material (PCM), and a polymer matrix comprising at least one highly crystalline polymer (polymer A) with at least one low crystallinity or substantially amorphous polymer (polymer B), and at least one organogelator for gelling molten compositions. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said PCM comprises a crystalline organic material having a high latent heat of phase transition, chosen from normal paraffins, fatty acids, fatty add esters, and blends thereof, and constituting from 10 to 80 wt % of the composition. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer A is a thermoplastic polymer with a melting temperature above melting temperature of said PCM, chosen from crystalline polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, and blends thereof, and constituting from 20 to 55 wt % of the polymer matrix. 7. (canceled) 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer A is polypropylene or high density polyethylene. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer B is at least partially miscible with said PCM. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer B is chosen from low density polyethylene, random copolymers of ethylene with C3-C10 alpha-olefins, random copolymers of propylene with C4-C10 alpha-olefins, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, olefin block-copolymers, styrenic block-copolymers, polyolefin elastomers, and blends thereof. 11. The composition of claim 1, comprising from 0.01 to 5 wt % of organogelators, being solidified gelled composition, while PCM undergoes multiple phase transitions. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein said organogelator has gelation onset temperature above crystallization temperature of said polymer A. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein said organogelator is chosen from sorbitol or nonitol derivatives. 14. The composition of claim 1, comprising additional organogelators, having gelation onset temperatures below crystallization temperature of polymer A and above crystallization temperature of said PCM. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polymer B is dynamically cross-linked in the presence of said polymer A. 18. A process for manufacturing thermoplastic shape-stable polymer compositions configured to store and release thermal energy, comprising melt mixing in a device at least one highly crystalline polymer, polymer A of a polymer matrix, at least one low crystallinity or substantially amorphous polymer, polymer B of the polymer matrix, and at least one organogelator with an organic PCM, continuously or batch-wise, whereas the organic PCM is fed into said device in solid or liquid state. 19. The process of claim 18, further comprising pelletizing or a shaping step selected from extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, and 3D-printing. 20. (canceled) 21. The process of claim 18, further comprising dynamic cross-linking of said polymer B in the presence of said polymer A. 22. (canceled) 23. A shape-stable product comprising the composition of claim 1, selected from filaments, pellets, profiles, sheets, molded articles, films, and fibers. | 3,600 |
342,952 | 16,642,677 | 3,617 | A terminal device includes: a pedestrian-to-vehicle communication device configured to communicate with an in-vehicle terminal by using a first communication method, in which direct communication is performed as pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a wireless LAN communication device configured to communicate with the in-vehicle terminal by using a second communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and a controller configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is in a risky state based on state information indicating a state of the terminal device, and select either one of the first communication method, in which direct communication is used and the second communication method, in which indirect communication is used, based on a result of the determination. | 1. A terminal device for transmitting a message including the terminal device's position information to a different terminal device through pedestrian-to-vehicle communication, the terminal device comprising:
a first communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a first communication method which is a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed as the pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a second communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a second communication method which is an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and a controller configured to select either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication based on device information, the device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating an attribute of the terminal device, and to transmit the message to the different terminal device by using one or both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method selected by the controller. 2. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is in a risky state based on the state information included in the device information, and select either one of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method based on a result of the determination. 3. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting a user of the terminal device taking a predetermined risky action, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 4. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting a vehicle carrying the terminal device exhibits a predetermined risky driving behavior, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 5. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting the terminal device being located within a predetermined risky area, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 6. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting that the terminal device is moving at a speed greater than a predetermined speed value, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 7. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is located within a specific area based on the position information and map information, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 8. The terminal device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is located within the specific area, wherein the specific area is selected from a group consisting of an area around an intersection under a predetermined condition, an area around a railroad crossing, and an area around a stop for a specific type vehicle. 9. The terminal device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is configured such that, when being located within an area around a railroad crossing as the specific area, the controller determines whether or not a railroad crossing gate is in a non-passage state based on information on the railroad crossing gate's operation acquired from a railroad crossing gate controller, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 10. The terminal device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is configured such that, when being located within the specific area which is an area around a stop for a specific type vehicle, the controller determines whether or not a different vehicle which is the specific type vehicle and carries the different terminal device comes within a predetermined distance from the stop based on the map information, attribute information indicating an attribute of the different vehicle and the different vehicle's position information included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 11. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the different terminal device which is already performing the direct communication is located near the terminal device based on communication method information included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 12. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a different vehicle which is a specific type vehicle and carries the different terminal device located within a predetermined distance from the terminal device based on attribute information indicating an attribute of the different vehicle and the different vehicle's position information included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method based on a result of the determination. 13. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine a device type of the different terminal device located near the terminal device based on attribute information indicating an attribute of the different terminal device included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method based on a degree of priority of the device type of the different terminal device. 14. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a user of the terminal device is a specific person based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the user is the specific person, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 15. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a vehicle carrying the terminal device is a specific type vehicle based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the vehicle carrying the terminal device is the specific type vehicle, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 16. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a vehicle carrying the terminal device is a specific type vehicle and is in a state of high urgency based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the vehicle is the specific type vehicle and is in the state of high urgency, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 17. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a vehicle carrying the terminal device is a specific type vehicle and multiple pedestrians are present near the vehicle based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the vehicle is the specific type vehicle and the multiple pedestrians are present near the vehicle, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 18. A roadside device disposed on or near a road for communicating with terminal devices, comprising:
a communication device configured to relay a message transmitted between the terminal devices, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; and a controller configured to collect device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating an attribute of the terminal device, to select either one or both of a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed between the terminal devices, and an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed between the terminal devices via the roadside device, based on the device information, and to transmit a message including information indicating either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication selected by the controller from the communication device to the terminal devices. 19. A roadside device disposed on or near a road for communicating with terminal devices, comprising:
a first communication device configured to relay a message transmitted between the terminal devices by using a first communication method, in which roadside-to-vehicle communication is performed, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; a second communication device configured to relay a message transmitted between the terminal devices by using a second communication method which is different from the first communication method, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; and a controller configured such that, when the roadside device receives a message transmitted from a terminal device, the message including the terminal device's position information, the controller selects either one of the first communication device and the second communication device based on a device type of the terminal device to be used to relay the message, and relay the message including the position information to a different terminal device. 20. A communications system comprising: a terminal device configured to transmit a message including the terminal device's position information to a different terminal device through pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; and a roadside device disposed on or near a road and configured to communicate with terminal devices,
wherein the terminal device comprises: a first communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a first communication method which is a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed as the pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a second communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a second communication method which is an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via the roadside device; and a controller configured to select either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication based on device information, the device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating attribute of the terminal device, and to transmit the message to the different terminal device by using the selected one or both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 21. A communications method by which a terminal device transmits a message to a different terminal device through pedestrian-to-vehicle communication, the message including the terminal device's position information, the method comprising:
selecting either one or both of a first communication method which is a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed as the pedestrian-to-vehicle communication, and a second communication method which is an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and transmitting the message to the different terminal device by using either one or both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method selected in the previous step. 22. A communications method by which a roadside device disposed on or near a road communicates with terminal devices, the method comprising:
relaying a message transmitted between the terminal devices, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; selecting either one or both of a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed between the terminal devices, and an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed between the terminal devices via the roadside device based on device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating an attribute of the terminal device; and transmitting a message including information indicating either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication selected in the previous step. 23. A communications method by which a roadside device disposed on or near a road relays a message transmitted between terminal devices,
wherein, when the roadside device receives a message transmitted from a terminal device, the message including the terminal device's position information, the roadside device selects either one of a first communication method, in which roadside-to-vehicle communication is performed, and a second communication method which is different from the first communication method, based on a device type of the terminal device, and relays the message including the position information to a different terminal device. | A terminal device includes: a pedestrian-to-vehicle communication device configured to communicate with an in-vehicle terminal by using a first communication method, in which direct communication is performed as pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a wireless LAN communication device configured to communicate with the in-vehicle terminal by using a second communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and a controller configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is in a risky state based on state information indicating a state of the terminal device, and select either one of the first communication method, in which direct communication is used and the second communication method, in which indirect communication is used, based on a result of the determination.1. A terminal device for transmitting a message including the terminal device's position information to a different terminal device through pedestrian-to-vehicle communication, the terminal device comprising:
a first communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a first communication method which is a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed as the pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a second communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a second communication method which is an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and a controller configured to select either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication based on device information, the device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating an attribute of the terminal device, and to transmit the message to the different terminal device by using one or both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method selected by the controller. 2. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is in a risky state based on the state information included in the device information, and select either one of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method based on a result of the determination. 3. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting a user of the terminal device taking a predetermined risky action, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 4. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting a vehicle carrying the terminal device exhibits a predetermined risky driving behavior, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 5. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting the terminal device being located within a predetermined risky area, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 6. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured such that, when detecting that the terminal device is moving at a speed greater than a predetermined speed value, the controller determines that the terminal device is in the risky state based on the state information. 7. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is located within a specific area based on the position information and map information, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 8. The terminal device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is located within the specific area, wherein the specific area is selected from a group consisting of an area around an intersection under a predetermined condition, an area around a railroad crossing, and an area around a stop for a specific type vehicle. 9. The terminal device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is configured such that, when being located within an area around a railroad crossing as the specific area, the controller determines whether or not a railroad crossing gate is in a non-passage state based on information on the railroad crossing gate's operation acquired from a railroad crossing gate controller, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 10. The terminal device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is configured such that, when being located within the specific area which is an area around a stop for a specific type vehicle, the controller determines whether or not a different vehicle which is the specific type vehicle and carries the different terminal device comes within a predetermined distance from the stop based on the map information, attribute information indicating an attribute of the different vehicle and the different vehicle's position information included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 11. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not the different terminal device which is already performing the direct communication is located near the terminal device based on communication method information included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one or both of the first communication method and the second communication method based on a result of the determination. 12. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a different vehicle which is a specific type vehicle and carries the different terminal device located within a predetermined distance from the terminal device based on attribute information indicating an attribute of the different vehicle and the different vehicle's position information included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method based on a result of the determination. 13. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine a device type of the different terminal device located near the terminal device based on attribute information indicating an attribute of the different terminal device included in a message received from the different terminal device, and select either one of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method based on a degree of priority of the device type of the different terminal device. 14. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a user of the terminal device is a specific person based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the user is the specific person, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 15. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a vehicle carrying the terminal device is a specific type vehicle based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the vehicle carrying the terminal device is the specific type vehicle, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 16. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a vehicle carrying the terminal device is a specific type vehicle and is in a state of high urgency based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the vehicle is the specific type vehicle and is in the state of high urgency, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 17. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether or not a vehicle carrying the terminal device is a specific type vehicle and multiple pedestrians are present near the vehicle based on the attribute information included in the device information, and wherein the controller is configured such that, when the vehicle is the specific type vehicle and the multiple pedestrians are present near the vehicle, the controller selects both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 18. A roadside device disposed on or near a road for communicating with terminal devices, comprising:
a communication device configured to relay a message transmitted between the terminal devices, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; and a controller configured to collect device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating an attribute of the terminal device, to select either one or both of a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed between the terminal devices, and an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed between the terminal devices via the roadside device, based on the device information, and to transmit a message including information indicating either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication selected by the controller from the communication device to the terminal devices. 19. A roadside device disposed on or near a road for communicating with terminal devices, comprising:
a first communication device configured to relay a message transmitted between the terminal devices by using a first communication method, in which roadside-to-vehicle communication is performed, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; a second communication device configured to relay a message transmitted between the terminal devices by using a second communication method which is different from the first communication method, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; and a controller configured such that, when the roadside device receives a message transmitted from a terminal device, the message including the terminal device's position information, the controller selects either one of the first communication device and the second communication device based on a device type of the terminal device to be used to relay the message, and relay the message including the position information to a different terminal device. 20. A communications system comprising: a terminal device configured to transmit a message including the terminal device's position information to a different terminal device through pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; and a roadside device disposed on or near a road and configured to communicate with terminal devices,
wherein the terminal device comprises: a first communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a first communication method which is a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed as the pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a second communication device configured to communicate with the different terminal device by using a second communication method which is an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via the roadside device; and a controller configured to select either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication based on device information, the device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating attribute of the terminal device, and to transmit the message to the different terminal device by using the selected one or both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method. 21. A communications method by which a terminal device transmits a message to a different terminal device through pedestrian-to-vehicle communication, the message including the terminal device's position information, the method comprising:
selecting either one or both of a first communication method which is a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed as the pedestrian-to-vehicle communication, and a second communication method which is an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and transmitting the message to the different terminal device by using either one or both of the direct communication method and the indirect communication method selected in the previous step. 22. A communications method by which a roadside device disposed on or near a road communicates with terminal devices, the method comprising:
relaying a message transmitted between the terminal devices, wherein the message includes a terminal device's position information; selecting either one or both of a direct communication method, in which direct communication is performed between the terminal devices, and an indirect communication method, in which indirect communication is performed between the terminal devices via the roadside device based on device information including state information indicating a state of the terminal device and/or attribute information indicating an attribute of the terminal device; and transmitting a message including information indicating either one or both of the direct communication and the indirect communication selected in the previous step. 23. A communications method by which a roadside device disposed on or near a road relays a message transmitted between terminal devices,
wherein, when the roadside device receives a message transmitted from a terminal device, the message including the terminal device's position information, the roadside device selects either one of a first communication method, in which roadside-to-vehicle communication is performed, and a second communication method which is different from the first communication method, based on a device type of the terminal device, and relays the message including the position information to a different terminal device. | 3,600 |
342,953 | 16,642,682 | 3,617 | This first communication apparatus is provided with: a first communication unit which, after establishing a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication counterpart existing within a first communication available range, performs the first near field communication with the link-established communication counterpart; and a second communication unit which performs second near field communication with a communication counterpart existing within a second communication available range that is narrower than the first communication available range. In a case where detecting that a portable storage medium with which the second near field communication is available enters the second communication available range, the first communication apparatus transmits, through the first communication unit, detection information which indicates that the portable storage medium enters the second communication available range to a link-established second communication apparatus. In a case where receiving the detection information from the first communication apparatus, the second communication apparatus limits the transmission and reception of data through the first near field communication with communication counterparts other than the first communication apparatus which has transmitted the detection information, while maintaining the establishment of each link with each of a plurality of link-established communication counterparts. | 1. A communication apparatus comprising:
a first near field communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a plurality of communication partners existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partners for which the link is established, at least one memory configured to store computer program code; at least one processor configured to access said computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including: communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to control communication such that in a case where a communication partners transmits detection information indicating that a portable storage medium has entered a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range, to the communication apparatus for which the link is established by the first near field communication, and where the detection information transmitted from the communication partners for which the link is established is received, the communications control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where another detection information is received from a communication partner whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication is restricted, the communication partner different from the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information first, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to, while maintaining the establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, remove restriction of the transmission and reception of the data with the communication partner that has transmitted the another detection information, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner whose restriction of the transmission and reception of data has been removed. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication control code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to not respond to a predetermined command by the first near field communication from the communication partner whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication is restricted. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a battery that supplies power to the communication apparatus,
wherein, in a case where a state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for a predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and thereafter, in a case where the detection information from any one of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established is received, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch the power consumption mode of the battery from the power saving mode to the normal mode, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, in a case where the state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for the predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and remove the restriction with all the communication partners whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication has been restricted. 6. The communication apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the communication partners broadcasts the detection information including identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium to the plurality of communication apparatuses for which the link is established by the first near field communication, at least one of the at least one memory stores identification information corresponding to the communication apparatus, and only in a case where the broadcasted detection information is received, and the identification information included in the detection information matches the identification information stored, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 7. The communication apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the communication partners unicasts the detection information to a communication apparatus corresponding to identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium by the first near field communication, and in a case where the unicasted detection information is received, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 8. A communication apparatus comprising:
a first communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established; a second communication transceiver that performs second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; a near field detector that detects that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range; and at least one memory configured to store computer program code; at least one processor configured to access said computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including: communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to, in a case where the detector detects that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, cause the first communication transceiver to transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established. 9. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with communication partners other than a communication partner corresponding to the portable storage medium whose entrance to the second communicable range has been detected. 10. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, in a case where the detector detects that another portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to cause the first communication transceiver to transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established. 11. The communication apparatus according to claim 10, wherein while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to remove restriction of transmission and reception of the data with a communication partner corresponding to the another portable storage medium whose entrance to the second communicable range has been detected, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with communication partners other than the communication partner corresponding to the another portable storage medium. 12. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising
a battery that supplies power to the communication apparatus, wherein, in a case where a state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for a predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and thereafter, in a case where it is detected that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch the power consumption mode of the battery from the power saving mode to the normal mode, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner corresponding to the portable storage medium, whose entrance to the second communicable range has been detected. 13. The communication apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, in a case where the state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for the predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and remove the restriction with all the communication partners whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication has been restricted. 14. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to cause the first communication transceiver to broadcast the detection information including identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium to the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established. 15. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the communication control code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to cause the first communication transceiver to unicast the detection information to one communication partner identified by identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium, the communication partner for which the link is established. 16. A communication system comprising a plurality of communication apparatuses, comprising:
a first communication apparatus comprising
a first communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established,
a second communication transceiver that performs second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range,
a near field detector that detects that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range of the second communication transceiver,
at least one first memory configured to store computer program code; and
at least one first processor configured to access said computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including:
first communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to, in a case where the near field detector detects that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, causes the first communication transceiver to transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to a second communication apparatus that is at least one communication partner for which the link is established; and
a second communication apparatus comprising
a third communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in the first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established,
at least one second memory configured to store second computer program code; and
at least one second processor configured to access said second computer program code and operate as instructed by the second computer program code, the second computer program code including;
second communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one second processor to, in a case where the detection information transmitted from the first communication apparatus, which is one of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, is received, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restricts transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the first communication apparatus that has transmitted the detection information. 17. A communication method performed by a computer comprising:
establishing a link necessary for first near field communication with a plurality of communication partners existing in a first communicable range; performing the first near field communication with the communication partners for which the link is established; detecting a portable storage medium that has entered a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; receiving detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to the communication apparatus for which the link is established by the first near field communication; and while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restricting transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 18. A communication method performed by a computer comprising:
establishing a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performing the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established; performing second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; detecting that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range; and in a case where it is detected that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, transmitting detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established by the first near field communication. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a communication processing program for a computer that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a plurality of communication partners existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established,
wherein in a case where a portable storage medium that has entered a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range is detected, the computer receives from a communication partner detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to the communication apparatus for which the link is established by the first near field communication, and the communication processing program causes the computer to, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a communication processing program that controls communications of a computer, the computer comprising:
a first communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established; a second communication transceiver that performs second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; the communication processing program causing the computer to detect that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range; and in a case where the portable storage medium has been detected to have entered the second communicable range, transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established by the first near field communication. | This first communication apparatus is provided with: a first communication unit which, after establishing a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication counterpart existing within a first communication available range, performs the first near field communication with the link-established communication counterpart; and a second communication unit which performs second near field communication with a communication counterpart existing within a second communication available range that is narrower than the first communication available range. In a case where detecting that a portable storage medium with which the second near field communication is available enters the second communication available range, the first communication apparatus transmits, through the first communication unit, detection information which indicates that the portable storage medium enters the second communication available range to a link-established second communication apparatus. In a case where receiving the detection information from the first communication apparatus, the second communication apparatus limits the transmission and reception of data through the first near field communication with communication counterparts other than the first communication apparatus which has transmitted the detection information, while maintaining the establishment of each link with each of a plurality of link-established communication counterparts.1. A communication apparatus comprising:
a first near field communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a plurality of communication partners existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partners for which the link is established, at least one memory configured to store computer program code; at least one processor configured to access said computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including: communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to control communication such that in a case where a communication partners transmits detection information indicating that a portable storage medium has entered a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range, to the communication apparatus for which the link is established by the first near field communication, and where the detection information transmitted from the communication partners for which the link is established is received, the communications control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 2. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where another detection information is received from a communication partner whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication is restricted, the communication partner different from the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information first, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to, while maintaining the establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, remove restriction of the transmission and reception of the data with the communication partner that has transmitted the another detection information, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner whose restriction of the transmission and reception of data has been removed. 3. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication control code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to not respond to a predetermined command by the first near field communication from the communication partner whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication is restricted. 4. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a battery that supplies power to the communication apparatus,
wherein, in a case where a state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for a predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and thereafter, in a case where the detection information from any one of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established is received, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch the power consumption mode of the battery from the power saving mode to the normal mode, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 5. The communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, in a case where the state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for the predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and remove the restriction with all the communication partners whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication has been restricted. 6. The communication apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the communication partners broadcasts the detection information including identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium to the plurality of communication apparatuses for which the link is established by the first near field communication, at least one of the at least one memory stores identification information corresponding to the communication apparatus, and only in a case where the broadcasted detection information is received, and the identification information included in the detection information matches the identification information stored, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 7. The communication apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the communication partners unicasts the detection information to a communication apparatus corresponding to identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium by the first near field communication, and in a case where the unicasted detection information is received, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 8. A communication apparatus comprising:
a first communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established; a second communication transceiver that performs second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; a near field detector that detects that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range; and at least one memory configured to store computer program code; at least one processor configured to access said computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including: communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to, in a case where the detector detects that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, cause the first communication transceiver to transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established. 9. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with communication partners other than a communication partner corresponding to the portable storage medium whose entrance to the second communicable range has been detected. 10. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, in a case where the detector detects that another portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to cause the first communication transceiver to transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established. 11. The communication apparatus according to claim 10, wherein while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to remove restriction of transmission and reception of the data with a communication partner corresponding to the another portable storage medium whose entrance to the second communicable range has been detected, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with communication partners other than the communication partner corresponding to the another portable storage medium. 12. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising
a battery that supplies power to the communication apparatus, wherein, in a case where a state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for a predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and thereafter, in a case where it is detected that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch the power consumption mode of the battery from the power saving mode to the normal mode, and restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner corresponding to the portable storage medium, whose entrance to the second communicable range has been detected. 13. The communication apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, in a case where the state in which the first near field communication is not performed with any of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established continues for the predetermined time, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to switch a power consumption mode of the battery from a normal mode to a power saving mode, and remove the restriction with all the communication partners whose transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication has been restricted. 14. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the communication control code causes at least one of the at least one processor to cause the first communication transceiver to broadcast the detection information including identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium to the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established. 15. The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the communication control code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to cause the first communication transceiver to unicast the detection information to one communication partner identified by identification information acquired from the detected portable storage medium, the communication partner for which the link is established. 16. A communication system comprising a plurality of communication apparatuses, comprising:
a first communication apparatus comprising
a first communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established,
a second communication transceiver that performs second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range,
a near field detector that detects that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range of the second communication transceiver,
at least one first memory configured to store computer program code; and
at least one first processor configured to access said computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including:
first communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to, in a case where the near field detector detects that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, causes the first communication transceiver to transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to a second communication apparatus that is at least one communication partner for which the link is established; and
a second communication apparatus comprising
a third communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in the first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established,
at least one second memory configured to store second computer program code; and
at least one second processor configured to access said second computer program code and operate as instructed by the second computer program code, the second computer program code including;
second communication control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one second processor to, in a case where the detection information transmitted from the first communication apparatus, which is one of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, is received, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restricts transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the first communication apparatus that has transmitted the detection information. 17. A communication method performed by a computer comprising:
establishing a link necessary for first near field communication with a plurality of communication partners existing in a first communicable range; performing the first near field communication with the communication partners for which the link is established; detecting a portable storage medium that has entered a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; receiving detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to the communication apparatus for which the link is established by the first near field communication; and while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restricting transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 18. A communication method performed by a computer comprising:
establishing a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performing the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established; performing second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; detecting that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range; and in a case where it is detected that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range, transmitting detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established by the first near field communication. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a communication processing program for a computer that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a plurality of communication partners existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established,
wherein in a case where a portable storage medium that has entered a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range is detected, the computer receives from a communication partner detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to the communication apparatus for which the link is established by the first near field communication, and the communication processing program causes the computer to, while maintaining establishment of the link with each of the plurality of communication partners for which the link is established, restrict transmission and reception of data by the first near field communication with the communication partners other than the communication partner that has transmitted the detection information. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a communication processing program that controls communications of a computer, the computer comprising:
a first communication transceiver that establishes a link necessary for first near field communication with a communication partner existing in a first communicable range, and then performs the first near field communication with the communication partner for which the link is established; a second communication transceiver that performs second near field communication with a communication partner existing in a second communicable range narrower than the first communicable range; the communication processing program causing the computer to detect that a portable storage medium capable of the second near field communication has entered the second communicable range; and in a case where the portable storage medium has been detected to have entered the second communicable range, transmit detection information indicating that the portable storage medium has entered the second communicable range to at least one communication partner for which the link is established by the first near field communication. | 3,600 |
342,954 | 16,642,703 | 2,844 | An electronic timepiece device comprises an electronic processing unit determining first, geolocation parameters and second parameters concerning the current legal standard time, and establishing local horizontal coordinates of the Sun from predetermined calculation rules stored in a memory of the electronic processing unit. The device also comprises a dial equipped with a casing enclosing all or part of the electronic processing unit and equipped with a display system displaying at least one indicator hand having an orientation that varies over time such that the angle formed between the indicator hand and a first fixed reference axis of the dial is equal, at each instant, to the azimuth of the Sun established by the processing unit, and a time scale calculated by the electronic processing unit and displayed at the periphery of the dial in the form of a plurality of time points positioned, with respect to the first fixed reference axis, as a function of the azimuth of the Sun respectively at the times of which the time points are representative. Thus the indicator needle simultaneously indicates, at each instant, a representation of the relative directions of the Sun and of the cardinal point of the culmination of the Sun and the current legal time. | 1. An electronic timepiece device indicating the current legal time of the place where the device is located and astronomical information, the electronic timepiece device comprising:
an electronic processing unit provided with at least one processor configured so as to periodically: determine first geo-location parameters associated to the place where the electronic processing unit is located and second parameters concerning the current legal time legally associated to this place; and establish, according to the first and second determined parameters, local horizontal coordinates of the Sun in this place from predetermined calculation rules stored in a memory of the electronic processing unit, the local horizontal coordinates comprising at least the azimuth of the Sun; a dial provided with a case containing all or part of the electronic processing unit and equipped with a display system visualizing at least one indicator pointer having a time-variable orientation such that the angle formed between the indicator pointer and a first fixed reference axis of the dial is equal, at all times, to the azimuth of the Sun established by the processing unit, and a time graduation calculated by the electronic processing unit and displayed on the periphery of the dial in the form of a plurality of time points positioned with respect to the first fixed reference axis as a function of the azimuth of the Sun respectively at the hours whose time points are representative, the indicator pointer thus indicating, at each instant, simultaneously: a representation of the relative directions of the Sun and of the cardinal point of the culmination of the Sun, the difference between these directions being equal to the value of the azimuth of the Sun at this instant and in this place, said representation being constituted by the angle formed between the indicator pointer and the first fixed reference axis of the dial; and the current legal time of the place where the electronic timepiece device is located at this instant, by reading the time whose time point of the time graduation towards which the indicator pointer is pointing is representative. 2. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the local horizontal coordinates established by the electronic processing unit comprise the height of the Sun and in that the display system allows displaying a variable color of the dial adjusted as a function of the height of the Sun established by the electronic processing unit. 3. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the indicator pointer, the display system comprises visualization elements arranged to display on the dial a visual symbol representative of the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position occupied by the Sun at each instant, where the dial materializes the horizon plane and in that the indicator pointer permanently passes through this visual symbol thus displayed by the visualization elements. 4. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, on the basis of the local horizontal coordinates of the Sun established by the electronic processing unit, the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun and in that the visualization elements are such that the displayed visual symbol is defined by an ordinate value in the plane of the dial counted along the first reference axis of the dial and by an abscissa value in the plane of the dial counted along a second fixed reference axis of the dial oriented transversely with respect to the first reference axis, the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the visual symbol displayed on the dial by the visualization elements being calculated (E4) by the electronic processing unit so that the ratio between the abscissa value and the ordinate value associated to the displayed visual symbol is equal to the ratio between the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun. 5. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to establish, for the place where the electronic timepiece device is located and as a function of the first and second determined parameters, the local horizontal coordinates of natural or artificial celestial bodies other than the Sun from predetermined calculation rules stored in the memory of the electronic processing unit, and in that the visualization elements are arranged to display (E9) on the dial a visual symbol associated to each of said celestial bodies and representative of the vertical projection on the horizon plane of the current position occupied by this celestial body at each instant, the dial materializing the horizon plane. 6. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the display system comprises at least one portion of a luminous display screen based on light-emitting diodes arranged as a background of the dial. 7. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the indicator pointer, the display system comprises visualization elements arranged to display on the dial a visual symbol representative of the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position occupied by the Sun at each instant, where the dial materializes the horizon plane and in that the indicator pointer permanently passes through this visual symbol thus displayed by the visualization elements, wherein the display system comprises at least one portion of a luminous display screen based on light-emitting diodes arranged as a background of the dial, and, wherein the visualization elements comprise differentiated lighting means of the luminous display screen at the level of each visual symbol to be displayed. 8. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 6, wherein the indicator pointer is a digital object displayed by the luminous display screen. 9. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, as a function of the place where the device is located, the azimuth of the Sun at each instant corresponding to the hours whose time points of displayed time graduation are representative and in that the dial comprises display means for displaying these time points so that for each time point, the angle formed between the first fixed reference axis and the straight line passing through this time point and by the pivot axis of the indicator pointer is equal to the azimuth of the Sun at the instant corresponding to the hour whose time point is representative. 10. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 6, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, as a function of the place where the device is located, the azimuth of the Sun at each instant corresponding to the hours whose time points of displayed time graduation are representative and in that the dial comprises display means for displaying these time points so that for each time point, the angle formed between the first fixed reference axis and the straight line passing through this time point and by the pivot axis of the indicator pointer is equal to the azimuth of the Sun at the instant corresponding to the hour whose time point is representative, and wherein the display means for displaying the time points are constituted by a portion of the luminous display screen where each time point is digitally displayed, the portion of the luminous display screen allowing displaying the time points being distinct from the portion arranged as a background of the dial. 11. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured so as to periodically establish astronomical information, as a function of the first and second parameters determined by the electronic processing unit and from predetermined calculation rules stored in the memory of the electronic processing unit, and in that the display system comprises visualization means for displaying at least one of said astronomical information established for the user of the device, where the astronomical information includes at least the following data: the visible pole, the celestial equator, the tropics, the ecliptic with the four seasons, and the equinoxes and the solstices, the aphelion and the perihelion, the instantaneous positions of the Sun, the Moon, the five planets visible to the naked eye and the shadow of the Earth, the daily course of the Sun and that of the Moon, with the instants and azimuths of their risings and settings, the instants of passage of the Sun in the first vertical if the Sun has risen at these times, the exact aspect of the Moon, its instantaneous average orbit around the Earth, the average positions of the nodes of this orbit which govern the eclipses, the extent on the ecliptic of the areas of the seasons of eclipses, when the moment comes the instants of the quarters of the Moon and of the full Moon and of the new Moon, the instant and the height of the culmination of the Sun, the analemma of the Sun, the value of the equation of time, and in the night period the stars in the night period, the daily trace of the pole of the ecliptic, the stylized Milky Way and the center of the galaxy. 12. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 11, wherein the dial comprises a manual control system allowing selecting said at least one of the established astronomical information to be displayed by the visualization means. 13. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 11, wherein the electronic timepiece device comprises a visualization screen distinct from the dial and integrating all or part of the electronic processing unit, the visualization screen allowing displaying on request, in the form of drop-down menus, at least one screen-image representing visual information representative of the astronomical information. 14. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing unit comprises a satellite geo-location terminal adapted to determine the first parameters and the second parameters, from signals received from a plurality of satellites around the Earth. 15. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the time graduation is a 24-hour numbering graduated by time points every 5 minutes, where a given time point is representative of one hour offset by 5 minutes from the hours whose two time points adjacent to said given time point are representative. 16. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 2, wherein in addition to the indicator pointer, the display system comprises visualization elements arranged to display on the dial a visual symbol representative of the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position occupied by the Sun at each instant, where the dial materializes the horizon plane and in that the indicator pointer permanently passes through this visual symbol thus displayed by the visualization elements. 17. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 16, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, on the basis of the local horizontal coordinates of the Sun established by the electronic processing unit, the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun and in that the visualization elements are such that the displayed visual symbol is defined by an ordinate value in the plane of the dial counted along the first reference axis of the dial and by an abscissa value in the plane of the dial counted along a second fixed reference axis of the dial oriented transversely with respect to the first reference axis, the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the visual symbol displayed on the dial by the visualization elements being calculated (E4) by the electronic processing unit so that the ratio between the abscissa value and the ordinate value associated to the displayed visual symbol is equal to the ratio between the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun. 18. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 17, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to establish, for the place where the electronic timepiece device is located and as a function of the first and second determined parameters, the local horizontal coordinates of natural or artificial celestial bodies other than the Sun from predetermined calculation rules stored in the memory of the electronic processing unit, and in that the visualization elements are arranged to display (E9) on the dial a visual symbol associated to each of said celestial bodies and representative of the vertical projection on the horizon plane of the current position occupied by this celestial body at each instant, the dial materializing the horizon plane. 19. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 18, wherein the display system comprises at least one portion of a luminous display screen based on light-emitting diodes arranged as a background of the dial. 20. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 19, wherein the visualization elements comprise differentiated lighting means of the luminous display screen at the level of each visual symbol to be displayed. | An electronic timepiece device comprises an electronic processing unit determining first, geolocation parameters and second parameters concerning the current legal standard time, and establishing local horizontal coordinates of the Sun from predetermined calculation rules stored in a memory of the electronic processing unit. The device also comprises a dial equipped with a casing enclosing all or part of the electronic processing unit and equipped with a display system displaying at least one indicator hand having an orientation that varies over time such that the angle formed between the indicator hand and a first fixed reference axis of the dial is equal, at each instant, to the azimuth of the Sun established by the processing unit, and a time scale calculated by the electronic processing unit and displayed at the periphery of the dial in the form of a plurality of time points positioned, with respect to the first fixed reference axis, as a function of the azimuth of the Sun respectively at the times of which the time points are representative. Thus the indicator needle simultaneously indicates, at each instant, a representation of the relative directions of the Sun and of the cardinal point of the culmination of the Sun and the current legal time.1. An electronic timepiece device indicating the current legal time of the place where the device is located and astronomical information, the electronic timepiece device comprising:
an electronic processing unit provided with at least one processor configured so as to periodically: determine first geo-location parameters associated to the place where the electronic processing unit is located and second parameters concerning the current legal time legally associated to this place; and establish, according to the first and second determined parameters, local horizontal coordinates of the Sun in this place from predetermined calculation rules stored in a memory of the electronic processing unit, the local horizontal coordinates comprising at least the azimuth of the Sun; a dial provided with a case containing all or part of the electronic processing unit and equipped with a display system visualizing at least one indicator pointer having a time-variable orientation such that the angle formed between the indicator pointer and a first fixed reference axis of the dial is equal, at all times, to the azimuth of the Sun established by the processing unit, and a time graduation calculated by the electronic processing unit and displayed on the periphery of the dial in the form of a plurality of time points positioned with respect to the first fixed reference axis as a function of the azimuth of the Sun respectively at the hours whose time points are representative, the indicator pointer thus indicating, at each instant, simultaneously: a representation of the relative directions of the Sun and of the cardinal point of the culmination of the Sun, the difference between these directions being equal to the value of the azimuth of the Sun at this instant and in this place, said representation being constituted by the angle formed between the indicator pointer and the first fixed reference axis of the dial; and the current legal time of the place where the electronic timepiece device is located at this instant, by reading the time whose time point of the time graduation towards which the indicator pointer is pointing is representative. 2. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the local horizontal coordinates established by the electronic processing unit comprise the height of the Sun and in that the display system allows displaying a variable color of the dial adjusted as a function of the height of the Sun established by the electronic processing unit. 3. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the indicator pointer, the display system comprises visualization elements arranged to display on the dial a visual symbol representative of the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position occupied by the Sun at each instant, where the dial materializes the horizon plane and in that the indicator pointer permanently passes through this visual symbol thus displayed by the visualization elements. 4. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, on the basis of the local horizontal coordinates of the Sun established by the electronic processing unit, the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun and in that the visualization elements are such that the displayed visual symbol is defined by an ordinate value in the plane of the dial counted along the first reference axis of the dial and by an abscissa value in the plane of the dial counted along a second fixed reference axis of the dial oriented transversely with respect to the first reference axis, the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the visual symbol displayed on the dial by the visualization elements being calculated (E4) by the electronic processing unit so that the ratio between the abscissa value and the ordinate value associated to the displayed visual symbol is equal to the ratio between the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun. 5. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to establish, for the place where the electronic timepiece device is located and as a function of the first and second determined parameters, the local horizontal coordinates of natural or artificial celestial bodies other than the Sun from predetermined calculation rules stored in the memory of the electronic processing unit, and in that the visualization elements are arranged to display (E9) on the dial a visual symbol associated to each of said celestial bodies and representative of the vertical projection on the horizon plane of the current position occupied by this celestial body at each instant, the dial materializing the horizon plane. 6. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the display system comprises at least one portion of a luminous display screen based on light-emitting diodes arranged as a background of the dial. 7. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the indicator pointer, the display system comprises visualization elements arranged to display on the dial a visual symbol representative of the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position occupied by the Sun at each instant, where the dial materializes the horizon plane and in that the indicator pointer permanently passes through this visual symbol thus displayed by the visualization elements, wherein the display system comprises at least one portion of a luminous display screen based on light-emitting diodes arranged as a background of the dial, and, wherein the visualization elements comprise differentiated lighting means of the luminous display screen at the level of each visual symbol to be displayed. 8. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 6, wherein the indicator pointer is a digital object displayed by the luminous display screen. 9. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, as a function of the place where the device is located, the azimuth of the Sun at each instant corresponding to the hours whose time points of displayed time graduation are representative and in that the dial comprises display means for displaying these time points so that for each time point, the angle formed between the first fixed reference axis and the straight line passing through this time point and by the pivot axis of the indicator pointer is equal to the azimuth of the Sun at the instant corresponding to the hour whose time point is representative. 10. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 6, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, as a function of the place where the device is located, the azimuth of the Sun at each instant corresponding to the hours whose time points of displayed time graduation are representative and in that the dial comprises display means for displaying these time points so that for each time point, the angle formed between the first fixed reference axis and the straight line passing through this time point and by the pivot axis of the indicator pointer is equal to the azimuth of the Sun at the instant corresponding to the hour whose time point is representative, and wherein the display means for displaying the time points are constituted by a portion of the luminous display screen where each time point is digitally displayed, the portion of the luminous display screen allowing displaying the time points being distinct from the portion arranged as a background of the dial. 11. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured so as to periodically establish astronomical information, as a function of the first and second parameters determined by the electronic processing unit and from predetermined calculation rules stored in the memory of the electronic processing unit, and in that the display system comprises visualization means for displaying at least one of said astronomical information established for the user of the device, where the astronomical information includes at least the following data: the visible pole, the celestial equator, the tropics, the ecliptic with the four seasons, and the equinoxes and the solstices, the aphelion and the perihelion, the instantaneous positions of the Sun, the Moon, the five planets visible to the naked eye and the shadow of the Earth, the daily course of the Sun and that of the Moon, with the instants and azimuths of their risings and settings, the instants of passage of the Sun in the first vertical if the Sun has risen at these times, the exact aspect of the Moon, its instantaneous average orbit around the Earth, the average positions of the nodes of this orbit which govern the eclipses, the extent on the ecliptic of the areas of the seasons of eclipses, when the moment comes the instants of the quarters of the Moon and of the full Moon and of the new Moon, the instant and the height of the culmination of the Sun, the analemma of the Sun, the value of the equation of time, and in the night period the stars in the night period, the daily trace of the pole of the ecliptic, the stylized Milky Way and the center of the galaxy. 12. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 11, wherein the dial comprises a manual control system allowing selecting said at least one of the established astronomical information to be displayed by the visualization means. 13. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 11, wherein the electronic timepiece device comprises a visualization screen distinct from the dial and integrating all or part of the electronic processing unit, the visualization screen allowing displaying on request, in the form of drop-down menus, at least one screen-image representing visual information representative of the astronomical information. 14. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing unit comprises a satellite geo-location terminal adapted to determine the first parameters and the second parameters, from signals received from a plurality of satellites around the Earth. 15. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 1, wherein the time graduation is a 24-hour numbering graduated by time points every 5 minutes, where a given time point is representative of one hour offset by 5 minutes from the hours whose two time points adjacent to said given time point are representative. 16. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 2, wherein in addition to the indicator pointer, the display system comprises visualization elements arranged to display on the dial a visual symbol representative of the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position occupied by the Sun at each instant, where the dial materializes the horizon plane and in that the indicator pointer permanently passes through this visual symbol thus displayed by the visualization elements. 17. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 16, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to determine, on the basis of the local horizontal coordinates of the Sun established by the electronic processing unit, the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun and in that the visualization elements are such that the displayed visual symbol is defined by an ordinate value in the plane of the dial counted along the first reference axis of the dial and by an abscissa value in the plane of the dial counted along a second fixed reference axis of the dial oriented transversely with respect to the first reference axis, the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the visual symbol displayed on the dial by the visualization elements being calculated (E4) by the electronic processing unit so that the ratio between the abscissa value and the ordinate value associated to the displayed visual symbol is equal to the ratio between the abscissa and the ordinate occupied in the horizon plane by the vertical projection, on the horizon plane, of the current position of the Sun. 18. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 17, wherein the electronic processing unit is configured to establish, for the place where the electronic timepiece device is located and as a function of the first and second determined parameters, the local horizontal coordinates of natural or artificial celestial bodies other than the Sun from predetermined calculation rules stored in the memory of the electronic processing unit, and in that the visualization elements are arranged to display (E9) on the dial a visual symbol associated to each of said celestial bodies and representative of the vertical projection on the horizon plane of the current position occupied by this celestial body at each instant, the dial materializing the horizon plane. 19. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 18, wherein the display system comprises at least one portion of a luminous display screen based on light-emitting diodes arranged as a background of the dial. 20. The electronic timepiece device according to claim 19, wherein the visualization elements comprise differentiated lighting means of the luminous display screen at the level of each visual symbol to be displayed. | 2,800 |
342,955 | 16,642,692 | 2,844 | A method of recognising human characteristics from image data of a subject. The method comprises extracting a sequence of images of the subject from the image data; from each image estimating an emotion feature metric and a facial mid-level feature metric for the subject; for each image, combining the associated estimated emotion metric and estimated facial mid-level feature metric to form a feature vector, thereby forming a sequence of feature vectors, each feature vector associated with an image of the sequence of images, and inputting the sequence of feature vectors to a human characteristic recognising neural network. The human characteristic recognising neural network is adapted to process the sequence of feature vectors and generate output data corresponding to at least one human characteristic derived from the sequence of feature vectors. | 1. A method of recognising human characteristics from image data of a subject, said method comprising:
extracting a sequence of images of the subject from the image data; from each image estimating an emotion feature metric and a facial mid-level feature metric for the subject; for each image, combining the associated estimated emotion metric and estimated facial mid-level feature metric to form a feature vector, thereby forming a sequence of feature vectors, each feature vector associated with an image of the sequence of images; and inputting the sequence of feature vectors to a human characteristic recognising neural network, wherein said human characteristic recognising neural network is adapted to process the sequence of feature vectors and generate output data corresponding to at least one human characteristic derived from the sequence of feature vectors. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the image data is video data, the extracted sequence of images are facial images of a face of the subject, and the face of the subject is a human face. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. A method according to claim 2, wherein the emotion metric is estimated by an emotion recognising neural network trained to recognise a plurality of predetermined emotions from images of human faces. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the emotion metric is associated with a human emotion of one or more of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. 7. A method according to claim 5, comprising outputting by the emotion recognising neural network an n-dimensional vector, wherein each component of the vector corresponds to one of the predetermined emotions, and a magnitude of each component of the vector corresponds to a confidence with which the emotion recognising neural network has recognised the emotion. 8. A method according to claim 7, comprising generating further output data corresponding to the n-dimensional vector associated with emotion. 9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the facial mid-level feature metric of the human face is estimated based on an image recognition algorithm, and the facial mid-level feature metric is one or more of gaze, head position and eye closure. 10. (canceled) 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is trained from video data classified to contain human faces associated with one or more of the plurality of the predetermined human characteristics. 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a recurrent neural network. 13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a Long Short-Term Memory network. 14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a convolutional neural network. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a WaveNet based neural network. 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein the output data of the human characteristic recognising neural network comprises an n-dimensional vector, wherein each component of the vector corresponds to a human characteristic, and a magnitude of each component of the vector corresponds to an intensity with which that characteristic is detected. 17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of predetermined characteristics includes one or more of passion, confidence, honesty, nervousness, curiosity, judgment and disagreement. 18. A system for recognising human characteristics from image data of a subject, said system comprising an input unit, an output unit, a processor and memory, wherein said memory has stored thereon processor executable instructions which when executed on the processor control the processor to
receive as input, via the input unit, image data; extract a sequence of images of a subject from the image data; from each image estimate an emotion feature metric and a facial mid-level feature metric for the subject; for each image, combine the associated estimated emotion metric and estimated facial mid-level feature metric to form a feature vector, to thereby form a sequence of feature vectors, each feature vector associated with an image of the sequence of images; process the sequence of feature vectors through a human characteristic recognising neural network adapted to generate output data corresponding to at least one human characteristic derived from the sequence of feature vectors, and the output unit is adapted to output the output data generated by the neural network. 19. A system according to claim 18, wherein the image data is video data, the extracted sequence of images are facial images of a face of the subject, and the face of the subject is a human face. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. A system according to claim 19, wherein the processor executable instructions further control the processor to estimate the emotion metric using an emotion recognising neural network trained to recognise a plurality of predetermined emotions from images of human faces. 23. A system according to claim 22, wherein the emotion metric is associated with a human emotion of one or more of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise 24. A system according to claim 22, wherein the processor executable instructions further control the processor to output by the emotion recognising neural network an n-dimensional vector, wherein each component of the vector corresponds to one of the predetermined emotions, and a magnitude of each component of the vector corresponds to a confidence with which the emotion recognising neural network has recognised the emotion; wherein the output unit is adapted to output the n-dimensional vector associated with emotion. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. (canceled) 35. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, comprising computer readable instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed on a suitable computer processor, control the computer processor to perform a method according to claim 1. 36. (canceled) | A method of recognising human characteristics from image data of a subject. The method comprises extracting a sequence of images of the subject from the image data; from each image estimating an emotion feature metric and a facial mid-level feature metric for the subject; for each image, combining the associated estimated emotion metric and estimated facial mid-level feature metric to form a feature vector, thereby forming a sequence of feature vectors, each feature vector associated with an image of the sequence of images, and inputting the sequence of feature vectors to a human characteristic recognising neural network. The human characteristic recognising neural network is adapted to process the sequence of feature vectors and generate output data corresponding to at least one human characteristic derived from the sequence of feature vectors.1. A method of recognising human characteristics from image data of a subject, said method comprising:
extracting a sequence of images of the subject from the image data; from each image estimating an emotion feature metric and a facial mid-level feature metric for the subject; for each image, combining the associated estimated emotion metric and estimated facial mid-level feature metric to form a feature vector, thereby forming a sequence of feature vectors, each feature vector associated with an image of the sequence of images; and inputting the sequence of feature vectors to a human characteristic recognising neural network, wherein said human characteristic recognising neural network is adapted to process the sequence of feature vectors and generate output data corresponding to at least one human characteristic derived from the sequence of feature vectors. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the image data is video data, the extracted sequence of images are facial images of a face of the subject, and the face of the subject is a human face. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. A method according to claim 2, wherein the emotion metric is estimated by an emotion recognising neural network trained to recognise a plurality of predetermined emotions from images of human faces. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the emotion metric is associated with a human emotion of one or more of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. 7. A method according to claim 5, comprising outputting by the emotion recognising neural network an n-dimensional vector, wherein each component of the vector corresponds to one of the predetermined emotions, and a magnitude of each component of the vector corresponds to a confidence with which the emotion recognising neural network has recognised the emotion. 8. A method according to claim 7, comprising generating further output data corresponding to the n-dimensional vector associated with emotion. 9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the facial mid-level feature metric of the human face is estimated based on an image recognition algorithm, and the facial mid-level feature metric is one or more of gaze, head position and eye closure. 10. (canceled) 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is trained from video data classified to contain human faces associated with one or more of the plurality of the predetermined human characteristics. 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a recurrent neural network. 13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a Long Short-Term Memory network. 14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a convolutional neural network. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the human characteristic recognising neural network is a WaveNet based neural network. 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein the output data of the human characteristic recognising neural network comprises an n-dimensional vector, wherein each component of the vector corresponds to a human characteristic, and a magnitude of each component of the vector corresponds to an intensity with which that characteristic is detected. 17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of predetermined characteristics includes one or more of passion, confidence, honesty, nervousness, curiosity, judgment and disagreement. 18. A system for recognising human characteristics from image data of a subject, said system comprising an input unit, an output unit, a processor and memory, wherein said memory has stored thereon processor executable instructions which when executed on the processor control the processor to
receive as input, via the input unit, image data; extract a sequence of images of a subject from the image data; from each image estimate an emotion feature metric and a facial mid-level feature metric for the subject; for each image, combine the associated estimated emotion metric and estimated facial mid-level feature metric to form a feature vector, to thereby form a sequence of feature vectors, each feature vector associated with an image of the sequence of images; process the sequence of feature vectors through a human characteristic recognising neural network adapted to generate output data corresponding to at least one human characteristic derived from the sequence of feature vectors, and the output unit is adapted to output the output data generated by the neural network. 19. A system according to claim 18, wherein the image data is video data, the extracted sequence of images are facial images of a face of the subject, and the face of the subject is a human face. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. A system according to claim 19, wherein the processor executable instructions further control the processor to estimate the emotion metric using an emotion recognising neural network trained to recognise a plurality of predetermined emotions from images of human faces. 23. A system according to claim 22, wherein the emotion metric is associated with a human emotion of one or more of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise 24. A system according to claim 22, wherein the processor executable instructions further control the processor to output by the emotion recognising neural network an n-dimensional vector, wherein each component of the vector corresponds to one of the predetermined emotions, and a magnitude of each component of the vector corresponds to a confidence with which the emotion recognising neural network has recognised the emotion; wherein the output unit is adapted to output the n-dimensional vector associated with emotion. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. (canceled) 35. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, comprising computer readable instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed on a suitable computer processor, control the computer processor to perform a method according to claim 1. 36. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,956 | 16,642,684 | 2,844 | In one aspect the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a cryogenic pressure vessel. The method may include providing a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel which has a boss. The method may further include securing an inlet to the boss, and then encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within a metallic layer in a vacuum controlled environment to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly. The method may further include securing at least one support to an exterior of the encapsulated inner tank subassembly, and within the controlled vacuum environment, applying a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly and the at least one support to form a metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly. The method may further include, within the controlled vacuum environment, encapsulating the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly within a metallic vacuum jacket, which forms the cryogenic pressure vessel. | 1. A method of manufacturing a cryogenic pressure vessel, the method comprising:
providing a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel, the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel having a boss; securing an inlet to the boss; encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within a metallic layer in a vacuum controlled environment to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly; securing at least one support to an exterior of the encapsulated inner tank subassembly; within the controlled vacuum environment, applying a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly and the at least one support to form a metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly; and within the controlled vacuum environment, encapsulating the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly within a metallic vacuum jacket, which forms the cryogenic pressure vessel. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
prior to encapsulating the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly within the metallic vacuum jacket, wrapping a multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket on the encapsulated inner tank subassembly to form an MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within the metal layer comprises using a metal deposition technique to form the metallic layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metallic layer comprises silver. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within the metal layer comprises using two separate metallic portions joined at a seam to encapsulate the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metallic vacuum jacket is formed by two metallic jacket sections joined at a seam which fully enclose the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly is encapsulated within the metallic vacuum jacket. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
once the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly is encapsulated within the metallic vacuum jacket, then baking the cryogenic pressure vessel for a predetermined time. 9. A method of manufacturing a cryogenic pressure vessel, the method comprising:
providing a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel, the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel having a boss; securing an inlet to the boss; encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within a metallic layer in a vacuum controlled environment to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly; within the controlled vacuum environment, applying a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly; wrapping a multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket on the encapsulated inner tank subassembly to form an MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly; and within the controlled vacuum environment, encapsulating the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly within a metallic vacuum jacket. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
after the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly has been encapsulated within the metallic vacuum jacket to form the cryogenic pressure vessel, baking the cryogenic pressure vessel for a predetermined time. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising securing an inlet tube to the inlet prior to encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel with the metallic layer. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising securing at least one support to the encapsulated inner tank subassembly prior to encapsulating the metal lined, composite vessel with the metallic layer. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein encapsulating the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly comprises enclosing the MLI wrapped inner tank assembly within two metallic vacuum jacket sections joined at a seam, within the vacuum controlled environment. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the seam is joined using one of:
TIG welding; e-beam welding; and laser welding. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within the metallic layer comprises forming the metallic layer using a metal deposition technique within the vacuum controlled environment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the metallic layer comprises silver. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein encapsulating the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly within the metallic vacuum jacket comprises forming the metallic layer using two preformed metallic caps which are joined together at a seam. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising securing the seam of the two preformed metallic caps through a welding operation. 19. A cryogenic pressure vessel, comprising:
a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel, the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel having a boss; an inlet secured to the boss; the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel being encapsulated within a metallic layer, within a vacuum controlled environment, to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly; a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly; a multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket wrapped over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly to form an MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly; and a metallic vacuum jacket which encapsulates the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly. 20. The cryogenic pressure vessel of claim 19, further comprising at least one support secured to the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel. | In one aspect the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a cryogenic pressure vessel. The method may include providing a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel which has a boss. The method may further include securing an inlet to the boss, and then encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within a metallic layer in a vacuum controlled environment to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly. The method may further include securing at least one support to an exterior of the encapsulated inner tank subassembly, and within the controlled vacuum environment, applying a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly and the at least one support to form a metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly. The method may further include, within the controlled vacuum environment, encapsulating the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly within a metallic vacuum jacket, which forms the cryogenic pressure vessel.1. A method of manufacturing a cryogenic pressure vessel, the method comprising:
providing a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel, the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel having a boss; securing an inlet to the boss; encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within a metallic layer in a vacuum controlled environment to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly; securing at least one support to an exterior of the encapsulated inner tank subassembly; within the controlled vacuum environment, applying a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly and the at least one support to form a metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly; and within the controlled vacuum environment, encapsulating the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly within a metallic vacuum jacket, which forms the cryogenic pressure vessel. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
prior to encapsulating the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly within the metallic vacuum jacket, wrapping a multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket on the encapsulated inner tank subassembly to form an MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within the metal layer comprises using a metal deposition technique to form the metallic layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metallic layer comprises silver. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within the metal layer comprises using two separate metallic portions joined at a seam to encapsulate the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metallic vacuum jacket is formed by two metallic jacket sections joined at a seam which fully enclose the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly is encapsulated within the metallic vacuum jacket. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
once the metal coated, encapsulated inner tank subassembly is encapsulated within the metallic vacuum jacket, then baking the cryogenic pressure vessel for a predetermined time. 9. A method of manufacturing a cryogenic pressure vessel, the method comprising:
providing a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel, the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel having a boss; securing an inlet to the boss; encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within a metallic layer in a vacuum controlled environment to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly; within the controlled vacuum environment, applying a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly; wrapping a multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket on the encapsulated inner tank subassembly to form an MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly; and within the controlled vacuum environment, encapsulating the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly within a metallic vacuum jacket. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
after the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly has been encapsulated within the metallic vacuum jacket to form the cryogenic pressure vessel, baking the cryogenic pressure vessel for a predetermined time. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising securing an inlet tube to the inlet prior to encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel with the metallic layer. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising securing at least one support to the encapsulated inner tank subassembly prior to encapsulating the metal lined, composite vessel with the metallic layer. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein encapsulating the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly comprises enclosing the MLI wrapped inner tank assembly within two metallic vacuum jacket sections joined at a seam, within the vacuum controlled environment. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the seam is joined using one of:
TIG welding; e-beam welding; and laser welding. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein encapsulating the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel within the metallic layer comprises forming the metallic layer using a metal deposition technique within the vacuum controlled environment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the metallic layer comprises silver. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein encapsulating the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly within the metallic vacuum jacket comprises forming the metallic layer using two preformed metallic caps which are joined together at a seam. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising securing the seam of the two preformed metallic caps through a welding operation. 19. A cryogenic pressure vessel, comprising:
a metal lined, composite wrapped vessel, the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel having a boss; an inlet secured to the boss; the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel being encapsulated within a metallic layer, within a vacuum controlled environment, to form an encapsulated inner tank subassembly; a metal coating over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly; a multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket wrapped over the encapsulated inner tank subassembly to form an MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly; and a metallic vacuum jacket which encapsulates the MLI wrapped inner tank subassembly. 20. The cryogenic pressure vessel of claim 19, further comprising at least one support secured to the metal lined, composite wrapped vessel. | 2,800 |
342,957 | 16,642,685 | 2,844 | The disclosure is directed to antibodies and binding fragments thereof that specifically bind FGL2. The disclosure is also directed to uses of the antibodies and binding fragments thereof for treating cancer. | 1. An antibody or binding fragment thereof that specifically binds FGL2 comprising:
a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region, the heavy chain variable region comprising complementarity determining regions CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 and the light chain variable region comprising complementarity determining regions CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3, wherein (a) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 3, and/or CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 5; and/or CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 7; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 12, and/or CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 14; and/or CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 16;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 45, and/or CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 47; and/or CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 49; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 54, and/or CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 56; and/or CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 58; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 87, and/or CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 89; and/or CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 91; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 96, and/or CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 98; and/or CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 100. 2. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein
(a) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 3, CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 5; and CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 7; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 12, CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 14; and CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 16;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 45, CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 47; and CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 49; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 54, CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 56; and CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 58; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 87, CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 89; and CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 91; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 96, CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 98; dCDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 100. 3. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein
(a) the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 38 and/or the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 40; (b) the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 80 and/or the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 82; or (c) the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 122 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 122 and/or the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 124. 4. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein
(a) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 21, and/or CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 23; and/or CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 25; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 30, and/or CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 32; and/or CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 34;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 63, and/or CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 65; and/or CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 67; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 72, and/or CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 74; and/or CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 76; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 105, and/or CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 107; and/or CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 109; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 114, and/or CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 116; and/or CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 118. 5. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 4, wherein
(a) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 21, CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 23; and CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 25; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 30, CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 32; and CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 34;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 63, CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 65; and CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 67; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 72, CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 74; and CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 76; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 105, CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 107; and CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 109; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 114, CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 116; and CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 118. 6. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the FGL2 is human FGL2. 7. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody. 8. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the binding fragment is selected from the group consisting of a fragment antigen-binding Fab, a single-chain Fv (scFv), a (svFv)2, a scFv-CH3, a scFv-Fc, a bispecific antibody, a phage-Fab and a phage-scFv. 9. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is an IgG molecule. 10. An antibody or binding fragment thereof that competes with the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1 for binding FGL2. 11. An immunoconjugate comprising (1) the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1 attached to (2) an effector agent. 12. The immunoconjugate of claim 11, wherein the effector agent is a detection agent, an anti-neoplastic agent or a toxin. 13. A composition comprising the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1 and a carrier. 14. A method of detecting a FGL2-expressing cell, the method comprising:
a) contacting a cell with
the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1,
under conditions to form an antibody:FGL2 complex; and b) detecting the antibody:FGL2 complex. 15. A method for screening, for diagnosing or for detecting a FGL2-expressing cancer, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a sample from a subject using
the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1,
under conditions to form an antibody:FGL2 complex; and (b) comparing the level of FGL2 in the sample with a control, wherein an increased level of FGL2 in the sample compared to the control is indicative that the subject has a FGL2-expressing cancer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the FGL2-expressing cancer is ovarian cancer. 17. A method of treating cancer comprising administering an effective amount of
the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, to a subject in need thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the cancer is a FGL2-expressing cancer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ovarian cancer is high-grade serous ovarian cancer, undifferentiated ovarian cancer, granulosa cell ovarian cancer, endometrioid ovarian cancer, serous ovarian cancer, secondary ovarian cancer (another primary) or clear cell ovarian cancer. | The disclosure is directed to antibodies and binding fragments thereof that specifically bind FGL2. The disclosure is also directed to uses of the antibodies and binding fragments thereof for treating cancer.1. An antibody or binding fragment thereof that specifically binds FGL2 comprising:
a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region, the heavy chain variable region comprising complementarity determining regions CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 and the light chain variable region comprising complementarity determining regions CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3, wherein (a) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 3, and/or CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 5; and/or CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 7; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 12, and/or CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 14; and/or CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 16;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 45, and/or CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 47; and/or CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 49; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 54, and/or CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 56; and/or CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 58; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 87, and/or CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 89; and/or CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 91; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 96, and/or CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 98; and/or CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 100. 2. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein
(a) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 3, CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 5; and CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 7; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 12, CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 14; and CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 16;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 45, CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 47; and CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 49; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 54, CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 56; and CDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 58; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 87, CDR-H2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 89; and CDR-H3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 91; and
(ii) CDR-L1 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 96, CDR-L2 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 98; dCDR-L3 comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID No: 100. 3. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein
(a) the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 38 and/or the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 40; (b) the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 80 and/or the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 82; or (c) the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 122 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 122 and/or the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to the framework regions of SEQ ID NO: 124. 4. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein
(a) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 21, and/or CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 23; and/or CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 25; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 30, and/or CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 32; and/or CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 34;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 63, and/or CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 65; and/or CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 67; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 72, and/or CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 74; and/or CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 76; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 105, and/or CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 107; and/or CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 109; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 114, and/or CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 116; and/or CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 118. 5. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 4, wherein
(a) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 21, CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 23; and CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 25; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 30, CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 32; and CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 34;
(b) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 63, CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 65; and CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 67; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 72, CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 74; and CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 76; or
(c) (i) CDR-H1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 105, CDR-H2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 107; and CDR-H3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 109; and
(ii) CDR-L1 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 114, CDR-L2 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 116; and CDR-L3 is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 118. 6. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the FGL2 is human FGL2. 7. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody. 8. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the binding fragment is selected from the group consisting of a fragment antigen-binding Fab, a single-chain Fv (scFv), a (svFv)2, a scFv-CH3, a scFv-Fc, a bispecific antibody, a phage-Fab and a phage-scFv. 9. The antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is an IgG molecule. 10. An antibody or binding fragment thereof that competes with the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1 for binding FGL2. 11. An immunoconjugate comprising (1) the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1 attached to (2) an effector agent. 12. The immunoconjugate of claim 11, wherein the effector agent is a detection agent, an anti-neoplastic agent or a toxin. 13. A composition comprising the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1 and a carrier. 14. A method of detecting a FGL2-expressing cell, the method comprising:
a) contacting a cell with
the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1,
under conditions to form an antibody:FGL2 complex; and b) detecting the antibody:FGL2 complex. 15. A method for screening, for diagnosing or for detecting a FGL2-expressing cancer, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a sample from a subject using
the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1,
under conditions to form an antibody:FGL2 complex; and (b) comparing the level of FGL2 in the sample with a control, wherein an increased level of FGL2 in the sample compared to the control is indicative that the subject has a FGL2-expressing cancer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the FGL2-expressing cancer is ovarian cancer. 17. A method of treating cancer comprising administering an effective amount of
the antibody or binding fragment of claim 1, to a subject in need thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the cancer is a FGL2-expressing cancer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ovarian cancer is high-grade serous ovarian cancer, undifferentiated ovarian cancer, granulosa cell ovarian cancer, endometrioid ovarian cancer, serous ovarian cancer, secondary ovarian cancer (another primary) or clear cell ovarian cancer. | 2,800 |
342,958 | 16,642,663 | 2,844 | Disclosed in the present invention are a method and apparatus for controlling a restricted UE capability, and a computer storage medium. The method comprises: a base station sends UE capability configuration information to a terminal, the UE capability configuration information being used for indicating whether the terminal can send, to the base station, a request message for using a restricted UE capability; and when the base station receives the request message for using a restricted UE capability, which is sent by the terminal, the base station sends, to the terminal, a reply message for confirming the use of the restricted UE capability. | 1. A method for controlling a restricted user equipment (UE) capability, the method comprising:
sending, by a base station, UE capability configuration information to a terminal, wherein the UE capability configuration information is used to indicate whether the terminal can send to the base station a request message for using the restricted UE capability; and sending, by the base station, a response message confirming the use of the restricted UE capability to the terminal in response to receiving the request message for using the restricted UE capability sent by the terminal. 2. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the base station, UE capability configuration information to the terminal comprises:
sending, by the base station, a broadcast signaling to the terminal, wherein the broadcast signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 3. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 2, wherein the broadcast signaling carrying the UE capability configuration information comprises:
setting an identifier in the broadcast signaling, wherein the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 4. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 3, wherein the setting the identifier in the broadcast signaling comprises:
setting the identifier corresponding to each access level by respectively using N bits in the broadcast signaling, wherein the identifier being the first preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; the identifier being the second preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability, and N is a positive integer. 5. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 2, wherein the broadcast signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN);
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 6. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the base station, UE capability configuration information to the terminal comprises:
sending, by the base station, a dedicated signaling to the terminal, wherein the dedicated signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 7. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 6, wherein the dedicated signaling comprises at least: a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or a medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling, or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signaling. 8. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 6, wherein an identifier is set in the dedicated signaling, the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 9. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 6, wherein the dedicated signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a PLMN;
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 10. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 5, wherein
if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, after the terminal changes the cell, the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal is deleted; if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, after the terminal changes the base station, the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal is deleted; and if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, when the terminal is located in a PLMN other than those in the PLMN list, the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal is deleted. 11. An apparatus for controlling a restricted user equipment (UE) capability, the apparatus comprising a processor, a transmission device, and a memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability to:
send UE capability configuration information to a terminal, wherein the UE capability configuration information is used to indicate whether the terminal can send to the base station a request message requesting for using the restricted UE capability; and send to the terminal a response message confirming the use of the restricted UE capability in response to receiving the request message for using the restricted UE capability sent by the terminal. 12. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
send a broadcast signaling to the terminal, wherein the broadcast signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 13. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
set an identifier in the broadcast signaling, wherein the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 14. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 13, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to set the identifier corresponding to each access level by respectively using N bits in the broadcast signaling, the identifier being the first preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; the identifier being the second preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability, and N is a positive integer. 15. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 12, wherein the broadcast signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a PLMN;
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 16. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
send a dedicated signaling to the terminal, wherein the dedicated signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 17. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 16, wherein the dedicated signaling comprises at least: a RRC signaling, or an MAC CE signaling, or a PDCCH signaling. 18. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 16, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
set an identifier in the dedicated signaling, wherein the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 19. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 16, wherein the dedicated signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a PLMN;
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 20. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 15, the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, after the terminal changes the cell, delete the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal; if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, after the terminal changes the base station, delete the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal; and if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, when the terminal is located in a PLMN other than those in the PLMN list, delete the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal. 21. A computer storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement steps of the method according to claim 1. | Disclosed in the present invention are a method and apparatus for controlling a restricted UE capability, and a computer storage medium. The method comprises: a base station sends UE capability configuration information to a terminal, the UE capability configuration information being used for indicating whether the terminal can send, to the base station, a request message for using a restricted UE capability; and when the base station receives the request message for using a restricted UE capability, which is sent by the terminal, the base station sends, to the terminal, a reply message for confirming the use of the restricted UE capability.1. A method for controlling a restricted user equipment (UE) capability, the method comprising:
sending, by a base station, UE capability configuration information to a terminal, wherein the UE capability configuration information is used to indicate whether the terminal can send to the base station a request message for using the restricted UE capability; and sending, by the base station, a response message confirming the use of the restricted UE capability to the terminal in response to receiving the request message for using the restricted UE capability sent by the terminal. 2. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the base station, UE capability configuration information to the terminal comprises:
sending, by the base station, a broadcast signaling to the terminal, wherein the broadcast signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 3. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 2, wherein the broadcast signaling carrying the UE capability configuration information comprises:
setting an identifier in the broadcast signaling, wherein the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 4. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 3, wherein the setting the identifier in the broadcast signaling comprises:
setting the identifier corresponding to each access level by respectively using N bits in the broadcast signaling, wherein the identifier being the first preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; the identifier being the second preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability, and N is a positive integer. 5. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 2, wherein the broadcast signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN);
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 6. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the base station, UE capability configuration information to the terminal comprises:
sending, by the base station, a dedicated signaling to the terminal, wherein the dedicated signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 7. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 6, wherein the dedicated signaling comprises at least: a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or a medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling, or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signaling. 8. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 6, wherein an identifier is set in the dedicated signaling, the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 9. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 6, wherein the dedicated signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a PLMN;
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 10. The method for controlling the restricted UE capability according to claim 5, wherein
if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, after the terminal changes the cell, the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal is deleted; if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, after the terminal changes the base station, the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal is deleted; and if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, when the terminal is located in a PLMN other than those in the PLMN list, the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal is deleted. 11. An apparatus for controlling a restricted user equipment (UE) capability, the apparatus comprising a processor, a transmission device, and a memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability to:
send UE capability configuration information to a terminal, wherein the UE capability configuration information is used to indicate whether the terminal can send to the base station a request message requesting for using the restricted UE capability; and send to the terminal a response message confirming the use of the restricted UE capability in response to receiving the request message for using the restricted UE capability sent by the terminal. 12. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
send a broadcast signaling to the terminal, wherein the broadcast signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 13. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
set an identifier in the broadcast signaling, wherein the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 14. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 13, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to set the identifier corresponding to each access level by respectively using N bits in the broadcast signaling, the identifier being the first preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; the identifier being the second preset value represents that the terminal that matches the corresponding access level cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability, and N is a positive integer. 15. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 12, wherein the broadcast signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a PLMN;
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 16. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
send a dedicated signaling to the terminal, wherein the dedicated signaling carries the UE capability configuration information. 17. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 16, wherein the dedicated signaling comprises at least: a RRC signaling, or an MAC CE signaling, or a PDCCH signaling. 18. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 16, wherein the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
set an identifier in the dedicated signaling, wherein the identifier being a first preset value indicates that the terminal can send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability; and the identifier being a second preset value indicates that the terminal cannot send to the base station the request message for using the restricted UE capability. 19. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 16, wherein the dedicated signaling further carries configuration area information, the configuration area information is used to indicate an applicable range of the UE capability configuration information, the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information comprises at least one of: a cell, a base station or a PLMN;
when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, the broadcast signaling further carries a PLMN list; when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, the broadcast signaling further carries a cell list; and when the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, the broadcast signaling further carries a base station list. 20. The apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability according to claim 15, the apparatus for controlling the restricted user equipment UE capability is further caused to:
if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the cell, after the terminal changes the cell, delete the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal; if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the base station, after the terminal changes the base station, delete the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal; and if the applicable range of the UE capability configuration information is the PLMN, when the terminal is located in a PLMN other than those in the PLMN list, delete the UE capability configuration information corresponding to the terminal. 21. A computer storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement steps of the method according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
342,959 | 16,642,665 | 2,844 | A spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) composition and methods for preparing such composition are disclosed. The spray dried NFC with a NHB effect results in low packing density. | 1. A spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) fiber comprising an NFC with a packing density of about 0.4 g/cc or less. 2. The spray dried NHB NFC fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spray dried NHB NFC fiber is made from a slurry wherein the NHB NFC has an aspect ratio greater than about 20 and a fiber diameter from about 100 to about 500 nanometers. 3. A method for preparing a spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) composition comprising:
treating a cellulose fiber with a weight % of at least about 1% or higher in water slurry with a caustic agent under a combination of temperature and pressure; neutralizing the treated cellulose fiber with an acid; homogenizing or ultrasonic treating the pre-treated cellulose fiber to form a NFC slurry; dewatering the NFC slurry by a centrifugal machine to achieve [a] a solid level at a weight % of at least about 10 or higher; mixing the treated NFC slurry with alcohol at a ratio of NFC to alcohol 1 to 30; reacting the treated NFC slurry with a reagent having a general formula (I) or (II) at an elevated temperature at least about 20° C. or higher for at least 30 minutes 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cellulose fiber is wood pulp fiber or non-wood fiber. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the acid is HCl, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid or a mixture thereof. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the soda based alkali water slurry is about 5 weight %. 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the NHB NFC fiber has an aspect ratio greater than about 20. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the NHB NFC fiber has an average diameter of about 100 nm to about 500 nm. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the spray dried NHB NFC fiber has a packing density less than about 0.4 g/cc. 10. A method for preparing a spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) composition comprising:
reacting a cellulose fiber with a cellulosic reactive reagent selected from the group consisting of reagents having the general Formula (III) or (IV) 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cellulose fiber is wood pulp fiber or non-wood fiber. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the acid is HCl, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid or a mixture thereof. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the soda based alkali water slurry is about 5 weight %. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the NHB NFC has an aspect ratio great than about 20. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the NHB NFC have an average diameter of about 100 nm to about 500 nm. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the spray dried NHB NFC has a packing density less than about 0.4 g/cc. | A spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) composition and methods for preparing such composition are disclosed. The spray dried NFC with a NHB effect results in low packing density.1. A spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) fiber comprising an NFC with a packing density of about 0.4 g/cc or less. 2. The spray dried NHB NFC fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spray dried NHB NFC fiber is made from a slurry wherein the NHB NFC has an aspect ratio greater than about 20 and a fiber diameter from about 100 to about 500 nanometers. 3. A method for preparing a spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) composition comprising:
treating a cellulose fiber with a weight % of at least about 1% or higher in water slurry with a caustic agent under a combination of temperature and pressure; neutralizing the treated cellulose fiber with an acid; homogenizing or ultrasonic treating the pre-treated cellulose fiber to form a NFC slurry; dewatering the NFC slurry by a centrifugal machine to achieve [a] a solid level at a weight % of at least about 10 or higher; mixing the treated NFC slurry with alcohol at a ratio of NFC to alcohol 1 to 30; reacting the treated NFC slurry with a reagent having a general formula (I) or (II) at an elevated temperature at least about 20° C. or higher for at least 30 minutes 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cellulose fiber is wood pulp fiber or non-wood fiber. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the acid is HCl, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid or a mixture thereof. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the soda based alkali water slurry is about 5 weight %. 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the NHB NFC fiber has an aspect ratio greater than about 20. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the NHB NFC fiber has an average diameter of about 100 nm to about 500 nm. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the spray dried NHB NFC fiber has a packing density less than about 0.4 g/cc. 10. A method for preparing a spray dried non-hydrogen bonded (NHB) nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) composition comprising:
reacting a cellulose fiber with a cellulosic reactive reagent selected from the group consisting of reagents having the general Formula (III) or (IV) 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cellulose fiber is wood pulp fiber or non-wood fiber. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the acid is HCl, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid or a mixture thereof. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the soda based alkali water slurry is about 5 weight %. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the NHB NFC has an aspect ratio great than about 20. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the NHB NFC have an average diameter of about 100 nm to about 500 nm. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the spray dried NHB NFC has a packing density less than about 0.4 g/cc. | 2,800 |
342,960 | 16,642,676 | 2,844 | An alignment method, an alignment device and evaporation equipment are provided. The alignment device includes: a first alignment module, located outside an evaporation chamber and configured to determine relative position information between a substrate to be evaporated and a mask for evaporation; a second alignment module, located in the evaporation chamber and configured to adjust a position of the substrate to be evaporated and/or the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtain position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjust a position of the substrate to be evaporated and/or the mask for evaporation according to the position information. | 1. An alignment device, comprising:
a first alignment module, located outside an evaporation chamber and configured to determine relative position information between a substrate to be evaporated and a mask for evaporation; a second alignment module, located in the evaporation chamber and configured to adjust a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtain position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjust a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information. 2. The alignment device according to claim 1, wherein the first alignment module comprises:
an image acquisition unit, configured to scan a third alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated to determine first position information of a center of the substrate to be evaporated, and configured to scan a second alignment mark of the mask for evaporation to determine second position information of a center of the mask for evaporation; a processing unit, configured to determine the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the first position information and the second position information. 3. The alignment device according to claim 1, wherein, in the evaporation chamber, the mask for evaporation is located directly below the substrate to be evaporated, the second alignment module comprises:
a light source, configured to emit light onto the first alignment mark; an image detector, located on a side of the substrate to be evaporated that is facing away from the mask for evaporation, wherein a detection surface of the image detector faces downward; a light propagation structure, located on a side of the mask for evaporation that is facing away from the substrate to be evaporated, the light propagation structure directly facing the hollowed area, and configured to transmit light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector. 4. The alignment device according to claim 3, wherein the light propagation structure comprises:
a first reflector, located on a side of the mask for evaporation that is facing away from the substrate to be evaporated, and having a reflective surface oriented to the hollowed area; a second reflector, having a reflective surface oriented to the reflective surface of the first reflector and the detection surface of the image detector. 5. The alignment device according to claim 4, wherein an included angle between the reflective surface of the first reflector and the reflective surface of the second reflector is 90°. 6. The alignment device according to claim 4, wherein the light propagation structure further comprises: a container having an opening oriented to the mask for evaporation and a movable cover provided at the opening, the movable cover is configured to cover or expose the opening by moving;
wherein, the first reflector and the second reflector are located in the container, in case that the opening is not covered by the movable cover, the first reflector and the second reflector are configured to transmit the light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector. 7. The alignment device according to claim 6, wherein the first reflector and the second reflector are movably disposed in the container. 8. The alignment device according to claim 3, wherein a distance between the light propagation structure and the mask for evaporation is greater than or equal to a distance between an evaporation source and the mask for evaporation. 9. The alignment device according to claim 8, wherein the second alignment module comprises two light propagation structures; the two light propagation structures are respectively located on two sides of the evaporation source. 10. An alignment method, applied to the alignment device according to claim 1, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation. 11. An alignment method applied to the alignment device according to claim 2, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, wherein the determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber comprises: by using the image acquisition unit, scanning the third alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated to determine the first position information of the center of the substrate to be evaporated, and scanning the second alignment mark of the mask for evaporation to determine the second position information of the center of the mask for evaporation; determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the first position information and the second position information by using the processing unit. 12. An alignment method, applied to the alignment device according to claim 3, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, wherein the obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area comprises: emitting light onto the first alignment mark by using the light source; transmitting the light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector by using the light propagation structure; obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark by using the image detector. 13. An alignment method, applied to the alignment device according to claim 6, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, wherein the obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area comprises: emitting light onto the first alignment mark by using the light source; transmitting the light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector by using the light propagation structure; obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark by using the image detector, wherein, prior to the obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, the method further comprises: exposing the opening of the container by moving the movable cover; after completing the alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, the method further comprises: covering the opening of the container by moving the movable cover. 14. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 1. 15. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 2. 16. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 3. 17. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 4. 18. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 5. 19. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 6. 20. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 7. | An alignment method, an alignment device and evaporation equipment are provided. The alignment device includes: a first alignment module, located outside an evaporation chamber and configured to determine relative position information between a substrate to be evaporated and a mask for evaporation; a second alignment module, located in the evaporation chamber and configured to adjust a position of the substrate to be evaporated and/or the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtain position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjust a position of the substrate to be evaporated and/or the mask for evaporation according to the position information.1. An alignment device, comprising:
a first alignment module, located outside an evaporation chamber and configured to determine relative position information between a substrate to be evaporated and a mask for evaporation; a second alignment module, located in the evaporation chamber and configured to adjust a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtain position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjust a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information. 2. The alignment device according to claim 1, wherein the first alignment module comprises:
an image acquisition unit, configured to scan a third alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated to determine first position information of a center of the substrate to be evaporated, and configured to scan a second alignment mark of the mask for evaporation to determine second position information of a center of the mask for evaporation; a processing unit, configured to determine the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the first position information and the second position information. 3. The alignment device according to claim 1, wherein, in the evaporation chamber, the mask for evaporation is located directly below the substrate to be evaporated, the second alignment module comprises:
a light source, configured to emit light onto the first alignment mark; an image detector, located on a side of the substrate to be evaporated that is facing away from the mask for evaporation, wherein a detection surface of the image detector faces downward; a light propagation structure, located on a side of the mask for evaporation that is facing away from the substrate to be evaporated, the light propagation structure directly facing the hollowed area, and configured to transmit light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector. 4. The alignment device according to claim 3, wherein the light propagation structure comprises:
a first reflector, located on a side of the mask for evaporation that is facing away from the substrate to be evaporated, and having a reflective surface oriented to the hollowed area; a second reflector, having a reflective surface oriented to the reflective surface of the first reflector and the detection surface of the image detector. 5. The alignment device according to claim 4, wherein an included angle between the reflective surface of the first reflector and the reflective surface of the second reflector is 90°. 6. The alignment device according to claim 4, wherein the light propagation structure further comprises: a container having an opening oriented to the mask for evaporation and a movable cover provided at the opening, the movable cover is configured to cover or expose the opening by moving;
wherein, the first reflector and the second reflector are located in the container, in case that the opening is not covered by the movable cover, the first reflector and the second reflector are configured to transmit the light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector. 7. The alignment device according to claim 6, wherein the first reflector and the second reflector are movably disposed in the container. 8. The alignment device according to claim 3, wherein a distance between the light propagation structure and the mask for evaporation is greater than or equal to a distance between an evaporation source and the mask for evaporation. 9. The alignment device according to claim 8, wherein the second alignment module comprises two light propagation structures; the two light propagation structures are respectively located on two sides of the evaporation source. 10. An alignment method, applied to the alignment device according to claim 1, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation. 11. An alignment method applied to the alignment device according to claim 2, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, wherein the determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber comprises: by using the image acquisition unit, scanning the third alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated to determine the first position information of the center of the substrate to be evaporated, and scanning the second alignment mark of the mask for evaporation to determine the second position information of the center of the mask for evaporation; determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the first position information and the second position information by using the processing unit. 12. An alignment method, applied to the alignment device according to claim 3, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, wherein the obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area comprises: emitting light onto the first alignment mark by using the light source; transmitting the light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector by using the light propagation structure; obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark by using the image detector. 13. An alignment method, applied to the alignment device according to claim 6, comprising:
determining the relative position information between the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation by using the first alignment module when the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are outside the evaporation chamber; after the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation are moved into the evaporation chamber, by using the second alignment module, adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the relative position information until an orthographic projection of a first alignment mark of the substrate to be evaporated on the mask for evaporation at least partially overlaps a hollowed area of the mask for evaporation, obtaining position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, and adjusting a position of at least one of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation according to the position information, to complete alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, wherein the obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area comprises: emitting light onto the first alignment mark by using the light source; transmitting the light reflected by the first alignment mark to the image detector by using the light propagation structure; obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark by using the image detector, wherein, prior to the obtaining the position information of the first alignment mark through the hollowed area, the method further comprises: exposing the opening of the container by moving the movable cover; after completing the alignment of the substrate to be evaporated and the mask for evaporation, the method further comprises: covering the opening of the container by moving the movable cover. 14. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 1. 15. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 2. 16. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 3. 17. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 4. 18. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 5. 19. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 6. 20. Evaporation equipment, comprising the alignment device according to claim 7. | 2,800 |
342,961 | 16,642,689 | 2,844 | A monitoring system and method are presented for use in monitoring status of organic products. The system comprises a computer system comprising a data processing utility and being a part of and connected to a computer network. The data processing utility comprises and input interface, and a data analyzer. The input interface is configured and operable for receiving input data comprising a plurality of sensing signals independently received from a plurality of sensing systems via the computer network. The data analyzer comprises a product analyzer module configured and operable for extracting, from the sensing signals, one or more product-related signatures, and identifying from at least one of said one or more product-related signatures product type and status corresponding to said at least one product-related signature, and generating data indicative thereof, thereby enabling notifying a user with management data for managing use of said product. | 1.-22. (canceled) 23. A monitoring system for use in monitoring status of organic products, the system comprising a computer system comprising a data processing utility and being a part of and connected to a computer network, wherein the data processing utility comprises:
an input interface configured and operable for receiving input data comprising a plurality of sensing signals independently received from a plurality of sensing systems via the computer network and being indicative of volatile organic compounds sensed in vicinity of organic products over sensing time produced during deterioration and degradation of the organic products; a data analyzer comprising a product analyzer module configured and operable for carrying out the following: extracting, from the sensing signals, one or more product-related signatures, by identifying in the sensing signals data indicative of one or more parameters of predetermined volatile organic compounds being sensed over time; and identifying, from at least one of said one or more product-related signatures, product type and real time status corresponding to said at least one product-related signature, by applying model-based analysis to the extracted product-related signature using at least one selected model data comprising multi-parameter functions describing product decomposition patterns, the multi-parameter function indicative of a sensing signal as a time function of at least one parameter for each molecule from a predetermined set of molecules of the volatile organic compounds, being sensed over the sensing time; and generating data indicative of the real time status for each the one or more organic products, thereby enabling notifying a user with management data for managing use of said products. 24. The monitoring system according to claim 23, further comprising a manager utility configured and operable for analyzing the data indicative of the product type and status, and generating notification data for managing use of said product. 25. The monitoring system according to claim 23, further comprising a communication interface utility configured and operable for data communication with a user's communication device via said computer network for communicating said notification data to the user's communication device. 26. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data processing utility is configured and operable to access and manage a database for storing data about various types of products, where each product type is associated with a respective unique set of product decomposition patterns. 27. The monitoring system according to claim 26, wherein said data processing utility is configured and operable to manage said database for storing each product decomposition pattern with associated sensing data for sensing product decomposition pattern. 28. The monitoring system according to claim 27, wherein the sensing data comprises data indicative of characteristics of one or more sensing systems from which said sensing signals are originated. 29. The monitoring system according to claim 27, wherein the sensing data comprises data indicative of one or more environmental conditions to which the sensing systems, producing said sensing signals, are exposed. 30. The monitoring system according to claim 27, wherein said product analyzer module is configured and operable for identifying the sensing data in the sensing signals being received from the sensing system. 31. The monitoring system according claim 23, wherein said model-based analysis comprises a data fitting procedure between the extracted product-related signature and the selected model data. 32. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said at least one parameter of the molecule comprises either one or both of a number of the molecules of a certain type and a flow rate of said molecules being sensed over the sensing time. 33. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein the multi-parameter function is further indicative of the sensing signal as a function of one or more environmental conditions, which may include temperature and humidity conditions, to which the sensing system is exposed during said sensing time. 34. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data analyzer comprises a learning utility configured and operable for performing a self-learning mode for updating and improving determination of the product types and statuses, said self-learning mode comprising analyzing the product-related signatures in the independently received sensing signals relating to the same product types, and optimizing database for storing model data including various models describing product decomposition patterns characterizing various products. 35. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data analyzer further comprises a verification module configured and operable for verifying the product type by analyzing the product-related signature extracted from the sensing signal over one or more other product-related signatures in the received sensing signals. 36. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data processor is configured and operable to manage the database for storing said data about various types of products by creating and storing in said database reference data comprising measured sensing signals from a plurality of test samples of known product types as functions of time and one or more environmental conditions to which a sensing system is exposed during collection of said measured sensing signals, for various types of the sensing systems and sensing modes. 37. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data processing utility is configured and operable to access and manage a storage system being a part of and connectable to a communication network, the storage system comprising a database comprising data indicative of sensing signals from a plurality of samples of known organic product types and various freshness and/or quality statuses for each product type, each sensing signal being indicative of a multi-parameter function describing one or more parameters of each molecule from a predetermined set of molecules of predetermined volatile organic compounds produced during deterioration and degradation of known organic product type over time and one or more environmental conditions to which a sensing system is exposed during collection of said sensing signals, for various types of the sensing systems and sensing modes. 38. The monitoring system according to claim 37, wherein said database further comprises, for each product type and status, data indicative of whether and how said product with said status can be used. 39. The monitoring system according to claim 37, comprising a database comprising notification data to be provided to users of multiple organic products, said notification data comprising, for each of the multiple organic products and each of its different freshness statuses, data indicative of whether and how said organic product with the specific freshness/quality/safety status can be used. 40. A method of creating a database for use in evaluating a product status, the method being performed by a computer system comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer readable memory and being a part of and connected to a computer network, the method comprising:
a. independently receiving and storing, in said non-transitory computer readable memory, input data comprising a plurality of measured signals from multiple sensing systems via the computer network, said plurality of the measured signals comprising sensing signals measured by one or more of the sensing systems from different products of the known type and different statuses for each of said products over different sensing time intervals and different environmental conditions of said one or more of the sensing systems during the sensing times, the sensing signals being indicative of volatile organic compounds sensed in vicinity of organic products over sensing time produced during deterioration and degradation of the organic products; and b. analyzing the input data to assign, to each type of the known product, a set of the sensing signals corresponding to product-related signature, indicative of multi-parameter functions describing sensing signal as a time function of at least one parameter for each molecule from a predetermined set of molecules of predetermined volatile organic compounds sensed over the sensing time and corresponding to product decomposition profiles over the sensing time, and the environmental conditions and sensing modes; c. creating the database in which the product decomposition profiles are stored together with the corresponding assigned product types; and 41. A personal communication device configured to be a part of and connected to a communication network, the device comprising a non-transitory computer readable memory storing an application program interface comprising a manager utility configured and operable for data communication with the monitoring system of claim 23, said manger utility being configured to be responsive to input data indicative of the product-related data comprising type and freshness status of a certain organic product, for analyzing said product-related data, and generating output data comprising notification data describing whether and how said product with said status can be used. 42. A sensing system configured and operable for data communication with the monitoring system of claim 41 via communication network, the sensing system comprising: a sensing unit comprising one or more sensors configured and operable in predetermined one or more sensing modes for continuously detecting various molecules, and generating sensing data comprising data indicative of detected molecules of predetermined volatile organic compounds in a vicinity of one or more organic products over sensing time and data indicative of the sensing mode used for the detection of said molecules over the sensing time; and a communication utility for wireless communication of the sensing data to a remote monitoring system. | A monitoring system and method are presented for use in monitoring status of organic products. The system comprises a computer system comprising a data processing utility and being a part of and connected to a computer network. The data processing utility comprises and input interface, and a data analyzer. The input interface is configured and operable for receiving input data comprising a plurality of sensing signals independently received from a plurality of sensing systems via the computer network. The data analyzer comprises a product analyzer module configured and operable for extracting, from the sensing signals, one or more product-related signatures, and identifying from at least one of said one or more product-related signatures product type and status corresponding to said at least one product-related signature, and generating data indicative thereof, thereby enabling notifying a user with management data for managing use of said product.1.-22. (canceled) 23. A monitoring system for use in monitoring status of organic products, the system comprising a computer system comprising a data processing utility and being a part of and connected to a computer network, wherein the data processing utility comprises:
an input interface configured and operable for receiving input data comprising a plurality of sensing signals independently received from a plurality of sensing systems via the computer network and being indicative of volatile organic compounds sensed in vicinity of organic products over sensing time produced during deterioration and degradation of the organic products; a data analyzer comprising a product analyzer module configured and operable for carrying out the following: extracting, from the sensing signals, one or more product-related signatures, by identifying in the sensing signals data indicative of one or more parameters of predetermined volatile organic compounds being sensed over time; and identifying, from at least one of said one or more product-related signatures, product type and real time status corresponding to said at least one product-related signature, by applying model-based analysis to the extracted product-related signature using at least one selected model data comprising multi-parameter functions describing product decomposition patterns, the multi-parameter function indicative of a sensing signal as a time function of at least one parameter for each molecule from a predetermined set of molecules of the volatile organic compounds, being sensed over the sensing time; and generating data indicative of the real time status for each the one or more organic products, thereby enabling notifying a user with management data for managing use of said products. 24. The monitoring system according to claim 23, further comprising a manager utility configured and operable for analyzing the data indicative of the product type and status, and generating notification data for managing use of said product. 25. The monitoring system according to claim 23, further comprising a communication interface utility configured and operable for data communication with a user's communication device via said computer network for communicating said notification data to the user's communication device. 26. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data processing utility is configured and operable to access and manage a database for storing data about various types of products, where each product type is associated with a respective unique set of product decomposition patterns. 27. The monitoring system according to claim 26, wherein said data processing utility is configured and operable to manage said database for storing each product decomposition pattern with associated sensing data for sensing product decomposition pattern. 28. The monitoring system according to claim 27, wherein the sensing data comprises data indicative of characteristics of one or more sensing systems from which said sensing signals are originated. 29. The monitoring system according to claim 27, wherein the sensing data comprises data indicative of one or more environmental conditions to which the sensing systems, producing said sensing signals, are exposed. 30. The monitoring system according to claim 27, wherein said product analyzer module is configured and operable for identifying the sensing data in the sensing signals being received from the sensing system. 31. The monitoring system according claim 23, wherein said model-based analysis comprises a data fitting procedure between the extracted product-related signature and the selected model data. 32. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said at least one parameter of the molecule comprises either one or both of a number of the molecules of a certain type and a flow rate of said molecules being sensed over the sensing time. 33. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein the multi-parameter function is further indicative of the sensing signal as a function of one or more environmental conditions, which may include temperature and humidity conditions, to which the sensing system is exposed during said sensing time. 34. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data analyzer comprises a learning utility configured and operable for performing a self-learning mode for updating and improving determination of the product types and statuses, said self-learning mode comprising analyzing the product-related signatures in the independently received sensing signals relating to the same product types, and optimizing database for storing model data including various models describing product decomposition patterns characterizing various products. 35. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data analyzer further comprises a verification module configured and operable for verifying the product type by analyzing the product-related signature extracted from the sensing signal over one or more other product-related signatures in the received sensing signals. 36. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data processor is configured and operable to manage the database for storing said data about various types of products by creating and storing in said database reference data comprising measured sensing signals from a plurality of test samples of known product types as functions of time and one or more environmental conditions to which a sensing system is exposed during collection of said measured sensing signals, for various types of the sensing systems and sensing modes. 37. The monitoring system according to claim 23, wherein said data processing utility is configured and operable to access and manage a storage system being a part of and connectable to a communication network, the storage system comprising a database comprising data indicative of sensing signals from a plurality of samples of known organic product types and various freshness and/or quality statuses for each product type, each sensing signal being indicative of a multi-parameter function describing one or more parameters of each molecule from a predetermined set of molecules of predetermined volatile organic compounds produced during deterioration and degradation of known organic product type over time and one or more environmental conditions to which a sensing system is exposed during collection of said sensing signals, for various types of the sensing systems and sensing modes. 38. The monitoring system according to claim 37, wherein said database further comprises, for each product type and status, data indicative of whether and how said product with said status can be used. 39. The monitoring system according to claim 37, comprising a database comprising notification data to be provided to users of multiple organic products, said notification data comprising, for each of the multiple organic products and each of its different freshness statuses, data indicative of whether and how said organic product with the specific freshness/quality/safety status can be used. 40. A method of creating a database for use in evaluating a product status, the method being performed by a computer system comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer readable memory and being a part of and connected to a computer network, the method comprising:
a. independently receiving and storing, in said non-transitory computer readable memory, input data comprising a plurality of measured signals from multiple sensing systems via the computer network, said plurality of the measured signals comprising sensing signals measured by one or more of the sensing systems from different products of the known type and different statuses for each of said products over different sensing time intervals and different environmental conditions of said one or more of the sensing systems during the sensing times, the sensing signals being indicative of volatile organic compounds sensed in vicinity of organic products over sensing time produced during deterioration and degradation of the organic products; and b. analyzing the input data to assign, to each type of the known product, a set of the sensing signals corresponding to product-related signature, indicative of multi-parameter functions describing sensing signal as a time function of at least one parameter for each molecule from a predetermined set of molecules of predetermined volatile organic compounds sensed over the sensing time and corresponding to product decomposition profiles over the sensing time, and the environmental conditions and sensing modes; c. creating the database in which the product decomposition profiles are stored together with the corresponding assigned product types; and 41. A personal communication device configured to be a part of and connected to a communication network, the device comprising a non-transitory computer readable memory storing an application program interface comprising a manager utility configured and operable for data communication with the monitoring system of claim 23, said manger utility being configured to be responsive to input data indicative of the product-related data comprising type and freshness status of a certain organic product, for analyzing said product-related data, and generating output data comprising notification data describing whether and how said product with said status can be used. 42. A sensing system configured and operable for data communication with the monitoring system of claim 41 via communication network, the sensing system comprising: a sensing unit comprising one or more sensors configured and operable in predetermined one or more sensing modes for continuously detecting various molecules, and generating sensing data comprising data indicative of detected molecules of predetermined volatile organic compounds in a vicinity of one or more organic products over sensing time and data indicative of the sensing mode used for the detection of said molecules over the sensing time; and a communication utility for wireless communication of the sensing data to a remote monitoring system. | 2,800 |
342,962 | 16,642,697 | 2,844 | Disclosed is a method performed by an IRU (210) of abase station system (200), the base station system comprising the IRU (210), a BBU (230) connected to the IRU (210), and a first RH (221) connected to the IRU (210) via a packet data network (240). The first RH (221) is arranged for wireless transmission in RF of a plurality of antenna carriers to UEs (250). The method comprises receiving, from the BBU (230), a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH (221), each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range, frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first bandwidth, and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH (221). | 1. A method performed by an intermediate radio unit (IRU) of a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a baseband unit, (BBU) connected to the IRU, and a first radio head (RH) connected to the IRU via a packet data network, the first RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the first RH at individually different RFs, the method comprising:
receiving, from the BBU, a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range; frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first intermediate bandwidth, wherein in the frequency multiplexing, the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed in frequency across the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the first RH to the UEs, so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing crest factor reduction, CFR, and digital pre-distortion (DPD) on the second digital representation, before the transmission of the second digital representation to the first RH. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from the first RH, a digital Transmitter Observation Receiver (TOR) signal, the TOR signal being the second digital representation frequency-converted into RF and amplified by the first RH, and applying the digital TOR signal when performing the DPD. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the received digital TOR signal is compressed. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
compressing the second digital representation into a compressed second digital representation, and wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the compressed second digital representation to the first RH. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the compressing comprises resampling as well as vector quantization and/or transform coding of the second digital representation. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the compressing comprises a power spectrum density, PSD, dependent compression of the second digital representation. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RH has a first antenna and a second antenna and a first set of the first digital representations are representations of antenna carriers of the first antenna and a second set of the first digital representations are representations of antenna carriers of the second antenna, and wherein the frequency multiplexing into the second digital representation comprises frequency multiplexing the first set of the first digital representations into a primary second digital representation and frequency multiplexing the second set of the first digital representations into a secondary second digital representation, and wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the primary second digital representation to the first RH and transmitting the secondary second digital representation to the first RH. 10. A method performed by a radio head (RH) of a base station system, the RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the RH at individually different RFs, the base station system comprising the RH, an intermediate radio unit (IRU) connected to the RH via a packet data network, and a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, the method comprising:
receiving, from the IRU, a second digital representation in a first intermediate bandwidth, the second digital representation comprising a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers being frequency multiplexed into the second digital representation across the first intermediate bandwidth, wherein in the received second digital representation, the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed in frequency along the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the RH to the UEs so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; frequency converting the second digital representation into radio frequency; and wirelessly transmitting the converted second digital representation to the UEs. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the RH comprises a power amplifier for amplifying the frequency converted second digital representation, and the method further comprises:
sampling and digitizing an output signal from the power amplifier; and sending the sampled and digitized output signal to the IRU as a digital TOR signal, for use by the IRU when performing digital pre-distortion (DPD). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the TOR signal is compressed before it is sent to the IRU. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the received second digital representation is a compressed version of an original version of the second digital representation, the second digital representation being compressed according to a compression scheme, the method further comprising:
de-compressing the received second digital representation according to the compression scheme to obtain a version of the second digital representation corresponding to the original version. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the RH has a first antenna and a second antenna, and wherein the received second digital representation comprises a primary second digital representation comprising a first set of the first digital representations that are representations of antenna carriers of the first antenna, the first set of the first digital representations being frequency multiplexed into the primary second digital representation, and a secondary second digital representation comprising a second set of the first digital representations that are representations of antenna carriers of the second antenna, the second set of the first digital representations being frequency multiplexed into the secondary second digital representation, the method further comprising transporting the primary second digital representation to the first antenna and the secondary second digital representation to the second antenna for wireless transmission from the respective first and second antenna to the UEs. 16. An intermediate radio unit (IRU) operable in a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, and a first radio head (RH) connected to the IRU via a packet data network, the first RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers are to be transmitted from the first RH at individually different RFs, the IRU comprising:
a processor; and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor, wherein the IRU is operative for: receiving, from the BBU, a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range; frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first intermediate bandwidth, wherein, in the frequency multiplexing, distributing the plurality of antenna carriers in frequency across the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the first RH to the UEs, so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH. 17-22. (canceled) 23. A computer program comprising computer readable code means to be run in an intermediate radio unit (IRU) of a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a base band unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, and a first radio head (RH) connected to the IRU via a packet data network, the first RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the first RH at individually different RFs, which computer readable code means when run in the IRU causes the IRU to perform the method of claim 1. 24. (canceled) 25. A radio head (RH) operable in a base station system, the RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers are to be transmitted from the RH at individually different RFs, the base station system comprising the RH, an intermediate radio unit (IRU) connected to the RH via a packet data network, and a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, the RH comprising:
a processor; and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor, wherein the RH is operative for: receiving, from the IRU, a second digital representation in a first intermediate bandwidth, the second digital representation comprising a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers being frequency multiplexed into the second digital representation across the first intermediate bandwidth, wherein in the received second digital representation, the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed in frequency along the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the RH to the UEs so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; frequency converting the second digital representation into radio frequency; and wirelessly transmitting the converted second digital representation to the UEs. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. A computer program comprising computer readable code to be run in a radio head (RH) of a base station system, the RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the RH at individually different RFs, the base station system comprising the RH, an intermediate radio unit (IRU) connected to the RH via a packet data network, and a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, which computer readable code when run in the RH causes the RH to perform the method of claim 10. 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) | Disclosed is a method performed by an IRU (210) of abase station system (200), the base station system comprising the IRU (210), a BBU (230) connected to the IRU (210), and a first RH (221) connected to the IRU (210) via a packet data network (240). The first RH (221) is arranged for wireless transmission in RF of a plurality of antenna carriers to UEs (250). The method comprises receiving, from the BBU (230), a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH (221), each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range, frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first bandwidth, and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH (221).1. A method performed by an intermediate radio unit (IRU) of a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a baseband unit, (BBU) connected to the IRU, and a first radio head (RH) connected to the IRU via a packet data network, the first RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the first RH at individually different RFs, the method comprising:
receiving, from the BBU, a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range; frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first intermediate bandwidth, wherein in the frequency multiplexing, the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed in frequency across the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the first RH to the UEs, so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing crest factor reduction, CFR, and digital pre-distortion (DPD) on the second digital representation, before the transmission of the second digital representation to the first RH. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from the first RH, a digital Transmitter Observation Receiver (TOR) signal, the TOR signal being the second digital representation frequency-converted into RF and amplified by the first RH, and applying the digital TOR signal when performing the DPD. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the received digital TOR signal is compressed. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
compressing the second digital representation into a compressed second digital representation, and wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the compressed second digital representation to the first RH. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the compressing comprises resampling as well as vector quantization and/or transform coding of the second digital representation. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the compressing comprises a power spectrum density, PSD, dependent compression of the second digital representation. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RH has a first antenna and a second antenna and a first set of the first digital representations are representations of antenna carriers of the first antenna and a second set of the first digital representations are representations of antenna carriers of the second antenna, and wherein the frequency multiplexing into the second digital representation comprises frequency multiplexing the first set of the first digital representations into a primary second digital representation and frequency multiplexing the second set of the first digital representations into a secondary second digital representation, and wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the primary second digital representation to the first RH and transmitting the secondary second digital representation to the first RH. 10. A method performed by a radio head (RH) of a base station system, the RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the RH at individually different RFs, the base station system comprising the RH, an intermediate radio unit (IRU) connected to the RH via a packet data network, and a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, the method comprising:
receiving, from the IRU, a second digital representation in a first intermediate bandwidth, the second digital representation comprising a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers being frequency multiplexed into the second digital representation across the first intermediate bandwidth, wherein in the received second digital representation, the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed in frequency along the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the RH to the UEs so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; frequency converting the second digital representation into radio frequency; and wirelessly transmitting the converted second digital representation to the UEs. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the RH comprises a power amplifier for amplifying the frequency converted second digital representation, and the method further comprises:
sampling and digitizing an output signal from the power amplifier; and sending the sampled and digitized output signal to the IRU as a digital TOR signal, for use by the IRU when performing digital pre-distortion (DPD). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the TOR signal is compressed before it is sent to the IRU. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the received second digital representation is a compressed version of an original version of the second digital representation, the second digital representation being compressed according to a compression scheme, the method further comprising:
de-compressing the received second digital representation according to the compression scheme to obtain a version of the second digital representation corresponding to the original version. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the RH has a first antenna and a second antenna, and wherein the received second digital representation comprises a primary second digital representation comprising a first set of the first digital representations that are representations of antenna carriers of the first antenna, the first set of the first digital representations being frequency multiplexed into the primary second digital representation, and a secondary second digital representation comprising a second set of the first digital representations that are representations of antenna carriers of the second antenna, the second set of the first digital representations being frequency multiplexed into the secondary second digital representation, the method further comprising transporting the primary second digital representation to the first antenna and the secondary second digital representation to the second antenna for wireless transmission from the respective first and second antenna to the UEs. 16. An intermediate radio unit (IRU) operable in a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, and a first radio head (RH) connected to the IRU via a packet data network, the first RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers are to be transmitted from the first RH at individually different RFs, the IRU comprising:
a processor; and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor, wherein the IRU is operative for: receiving, from the BBU, a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range; frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first intermediate bandwidth, wherein, in the frequency multiplexing, distributing the plurality of antenna carriers in frequency across the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the first RH to the UEs, so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH. 17-22. (canceled) 23. A computer program comprising computer readable code means to be run in an intermediate radio unit (IRU) of a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a base band unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, and a first radio head (RH) connected to the IRU via a packet data network, the first RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the first RH at individually different RFs, which computer readable code means when run in the IRU causes the IRU to perform the method of claim 1. 24. (canceled) 25. A radio head (RH) operable in a base station system, the RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers are to be transmitted from the RH at individually different RFs, the base station system comprising the RH, an intermediate radio unit (IRU) connected to the RH via a packet data network, and a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, the RH comprising:
a processor; and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor, wherein the RH is operative for: receiving, from the IRU, a second digital representation in a first intermediate bandwidth, the second digital representation comprising a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers being frequency multiplexed into the second digital representation across the first intermediate bandwidth, wherein in the received second digital representation, the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed in frequency along the first intermediate bandwidth according to their individual RFs for transmission from the RH to the UEs so that the plurality of antenna carriers are distributed along the first intermediate bandwidth in the same frequency relation as they are to have when being transmitted in RF from the first RH; frequency converting the second digital representation into radio frequency; and wirelessly transmitting the converted second digital representation to the UEs. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. A computer program comprising computer readable code to be run in a radio head (RH) of a base station system, the RH being arranged for wireless transmission in radio frequency (RF) of a plurality of antenna carriers to user equipments (UEs), the plurality of antenna carriers being transmitted from the RH at individually different RFs, the base station system comprising the RH, an intermediate radio unit (IRU) connected to the RH via a packet data network, and a baseband unit (BBU) connected to the IRU, which computer readable code when run in the RH causes the RH to perform the method of claim 10. 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,963 | 16,642,699 | 2,844 | Devices, systems and methods for obtaining data associated with air filter media of an air filter, and for using such data to generate an air filter recommendation, such as an indication of the air filter media condition to a user, an indication that the filter needs replacing, and/or a recommendation to use a different type of filter. | 1. A powered air-handling system comprising:
an air filter comprising filter media; at least one sensor that is attached to the filter media; and circuitry in communication with the sensor, the circuitry configured to receive data from at least three sources, including from the sensor, from a user profile, and from an external source and to execute a filter recommendation program that utilizes the received data to generate a filter recommendation. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one pressure sensor. 3. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program determines if the filter needs replacement based on the received data, and if the filter needs replacement including in the filter recommendation that the filter needs replacement. 4. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program determines what type of filter should be used based on the received data and includes a type of filter in the filter recommendation. 5. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program utilizes received data from at least two of the sources to generate the recommendation. 6. The air filter of claim 5 wherein the at least two data sources include the sensor and the external source. 7. The air filter of claim 5 wherein the at least two data sources include the sensor, the user profile, and the external source. 8. (canceled) 9. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program includes a database and wherein the recommendation is generated based on a query of the database. 10. A method of monitoring an air filter installed in a powered air-handling system, the method comprising: wirelessly receiving pressure information representative of at least a downstream pressure of the powered air-handling system, the information originating from at least one pressure sensor; receiving information regarding a user of the powered air-handling system from a user profile; receiving information from an external source, the information related to operation of at least one of the powered air-handling system and the air filter media; and, generating an air filter recommendation, as a function of the pressure information in combination with the received information from the external source. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one pressure sensor is resident in the powered air-handling system. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one pressure sensor is located within a housing of the air-handling system, and wherein circuitry is co-located in the housing with the pressure sensor that converts pressure data originating from the pressure sensor from analog form to digital form and that wirelessly transmits the digital pressure information to a wirelessly paired user mobile device, and wherein the digital pressure information is wirelessly forwarded from the paired user mobile device to a cloud platform. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the generated filter recommendation includes an indication of a remaining filter lifetime of the air filter, and wherein the indication is presented on a display of the user mobile device. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the received information is processed by a programmed computer to generate the filter recommendation that includes a recommendation of whether or not to replace the filter. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the received information is processed by a programmed computer to generate the filter recommendation that includes a recommendation of a type of filter to use. 16. A machine readable storage device having instructions for execution by a processor of the machine to perform operations to monitor an air filter installed in a powered air-handling system, the operations comprising: wirelessly receiving pressure information representative of at least a downstream pressure of the powered air-handling system, the information originating from at least one pressure sensor; receiving information regarding a user of the powered air-handling system from a user profile; receiving information from an external source, the information related to operation of at least one of the powered air-handling system and the air filter media; and, generating an air filter recommendation, as a function of the pressure information in combination with the received information from the external source. 17. (canceled) 18. The machine readable storage device of claim 16, wherein the at least one pressure sensor is located within a housing of the air-handling system, and wherein circuitry is co-located in the housing with the pressure sensor that converts pressure data originating from the pressure sensor from analog form to digital form and that wirelessly transmits the digital pressure information to a wirelessly paired user mobile device, and wherein the digital pressure information is wirelessly forwarded from the paired user mobile device to a cloud platform. 19. The machine readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the generated filter recommendation includes an indication of a remaining filter lifetime of the air filter, and wherein the indication is presented on a display of the user mobile device, of a computer, or of a thermostat of the powered air-handling system. 20. The machine readable storage device of claim 18, and further having instructions for execution by a processor of the machine to perform operations to scroll visual elements on a display screen, the scrolling operations comprising: generating a display of first visual elements on a first portion of the display screen; generating a display of second visual elements on a second portion of the display screen; receiving first scroll control input for the first portion of the display screen; scrolling the first visual elements on the first portion of the display screen responsive to the first scroll control input; generating second scroll control input as a function of the first scroll control input and a relationship between the first visual elements and the second visual elements; and scrolling the second visual elements on the second portion of the display screen responsive to the second scroll control input, wherein the first and second visual elements scroll at different rates. 21. The machine readable storage device of claim 20, wherein the first scroll control input comprises a swiping touch of the display screen in the first portion of the display screen, wherein the display screen is a touch screen. 22. The machine readable storage device of claim 20, wherein the first visual elements comprise a graph of data over a range of days, and wherein the second visual elements comprise an indication of a month corresponding to the days, and wherein the indication of the month scrolls across the second portion of the screen responsive to the days scrolling in the first portion of the screen, wherein the position of the indication of the month appears at a left side of screen when the days are at the beginning of the month and the position of the indication of the month moves toward the right side of the screen as the days of the month increase in value. 23-25. (canceled) | Devices, systems and methods for obtaining data associated with air filter media of an air filter, and for using such data to generate an air filter recommendation, such as an indication of the air filter media condition to a user, an indication that the filter needs replacing, and/or a recommendation to use a different type of filter.1. A powered air-handling system comprising:
an air filter comprising filter media; at least one sensor that is attached to the filter media; and circuitry in communication with the sensor, the circuitry configured to receive data from at least three sources, including from the sensor, from a user profile, and from an external source and to execute a filter recommendation program that utilizes the received data to generate a filter recommendation. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one pressure sensor. 3. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program determines if the filter needs replacement based on the received data, and if the filter needs replacement including in the filter recommendation that the filter needs replacement. 4. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program determines what type of filter should be used based on the received data and includes a type of filter in the filter recommendation. 5. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program utilizes received data from at least two of the sources to generate the recommendation. 6. The air filter of claim 5 wherein the at least two data sources include the sensor and the external source. 7. The air filter of claim 5 wherein the at least two data sources include the sensor, the user profile, and the external source. 8. (canceled) 9. The air filter of claim 1 wherein the filter recommendation program includes a database and wherein the recommendation is generated based on a query of the database. 10. A method of monitoring an air filter installed in a powered air-handling system, the method comprising: wirelessly receiving pressure information representative of at least a downstream pressure of the powered air-handling system, the information originating from at least one pressure sensor; receiving information regarding a user of the powered air-handling system from a user profile; receiving information from an external source, the information related to operation of at least one of the powered air-handling system and the air filter media; and, generating an air filter recommendation, as a function of the pressure information in combination with the received information from the external source. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one pressure sensor is resident in the powered air-handling system. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one pressure sensor is located within a housing of the air-handling system, and wherein circuitry is co-located in the housing with the pressure sensor that converts pressure data originating from the pressure sensor from analog form to digital form and that wirelessly transmits the digital pressure information to a wirelessly paired user mobile device, and wherein the digital pressure information is wirelessly forwarded from the paired user mobile device to a cloud platform. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the generated filter recommendation includes an indication of a remaining filter lifetime of the air filter, and wherein the indication is presented on a display of the user mobile device. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the received information is processed by a programmed computer to generate the filter recommendation that includes a recommendation of whether or not to replace the filter. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the received information is processed by a programmed computer to generate the filter recommendation that includes a recommendation of a type of filter to use. 16. A machine readable storage device having instructions for execution by a processor of the machine to perform operations to monitor an air filter installed in a powered air-handling system, the operations comprising: wirelessly receiving pressure information representative of at least a downstream pressure of the powered air-handling system, the information originating from at least one pressure sensor; receiving information regarding a user of the powered air-handling system from a user profile; receiving information from an external source, the information related to operation of at least one of the powered air-handling system and the air filter media; and, generating an air filter recommendation, as a function of the pressure information in combination with the received information from the external source. 17. (canceled) 18. The machine readable storage device of claim 16, wherein the at least one pressure sensor is located within a housing of the air-handling system, and wherein circuitry is co-located in the housing with the pressure sensor that converts pressure data originating from the pressure sensor from analog form to digital form and that wirelessly transmits the digital pressure information to a wirelessly paired user mobile device, and wherein the digital pressure information is wirelessly forwarded from the paired user mobile device to a cloud platform. 19. The machine readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the generated filter recommendation includes an indication of a remaining filter lifetime of the air filter, and wherein the indication is presented on a display of the user mobile device, of a computer, or of a thermostat of the powered air-handling system. 20. The machine readable storage device of claim 18, and further having instructions for execution by a processor of the machine to perform operations to scroll visual elements on a display screen, the scrolling operations comprising: generating a display of first visual elements on a first portion of the display screen; generating a display of second visual elements on a second portion of the display screen; receiving first scroll control input for the first portion of the display screen; scrolling the first visual elements on the first portion of the display screen responsive to the first scroll control input; generating second scroll control input as a function of the first scroll control input and a relationship between the first visual elements and the second visual elements; and scrolling the second visual elements on the second portion of the display screen responsive to the second scroll control input, wherein the first and second visual elements scroll at different rates. 21. The machine readable storage device of claim 20, wherein the first scroll control input comprises a swiping touch of the display screen in the first portion of the display screen, wherein the display screen is a touch screen. 22. The machine readable storage device of claim 20, wherein the first visual elements comprise a graph of data over a range of days, and wherein the second visual elements comprise an indication of a month corresponding to the days, and wherein the indication of the month scrolls across the second portion of the screen responsive to the days scrolling in the first portion of the screen, wherein the position of the indication of the month appears at a left side of screen when the days are at the beginning of the month and the position of the indication of the month moves toward the right side of the screen as the days of the month increase in value. 23-25. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,964 | 16,642,694 | 2,844 | Peak power setting circuitry is provided to set a peak power value for an integrated circuit device. A power supply interface is to receive a value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving the integrated circuit device and processing circuitry is provided to calculate an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device. A peak power for the integrated circuit device is determined by increasing the approximate peak power depending on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced in response to assertion of a throttling signal. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A circuit comprising peak power setting circuitry to set a peak power value for an integrated circuit device, the integrated circuit device having throttling circuitry to assert a power reducing feature of the integrated circuit device in response to a throttling signal assertion, the peak power setting circuitry including:
a power supply interface to receive a value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving the integrated circuit device; processing circuitry to: determine an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device using the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply; and determine a peak power for the integrated circuit device by increasing the approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device depending on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced in response to assertion of the throttling signal. 27. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the value to estimate the peak power capacity of the power supply comprises at least one of a peak battery power, a peak adapter power and a dedicated power supply. 28. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the throttling signal assertion indicates that at least one of a threshold voltage, a threshold power and a threshold current has been crossed. 29. The circuit of claim 28, wherein the processing circuitry is to determine at least one further peak power for the integrated circuit device, the at least one further peak power having a further approximate peak power different from the approximate peak power and wherein the further peak power has a respective further throttling signal to which the integrated circuit device has a corresponding power-reducing response. 30. The circuit of claim 29, wherein the peak power corresponds to a first power limit up to which the integrated circuit is permitted to sustain power for up to a first duration of time whereas the further peak power corresponds to a second power limit up to which the integrated circuit is permitted to sustain power for a second duration of time, wherein the second duration of time is different from the first duration of time. 31. The circuit of claim 26, the processing circuitry comprising:
correction circuitry to correct the determined peak power for the integrated circuit depending on a number of assertions of the throttling signal in a given time period. 32. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the correction to the determined peak power comprises decreasing the determined peak power relative to the increased approximate peak power when the number of assertions of the throttling signal in the given time period is higher than a threshold maximum number of throttling assertions. 33. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the correction to the determined peak power comprises increasing the determined peak power relative to the increased approximate peak power when the number of assertions of the throttling signal in the given time period is lower than a threshold minimum number of throttling assertions. 34. The circuit of claim 31, further comprising interrupt generating circuitry to send an interrupt to the processing circuitry responsive to at least one of: the number of throttling signal assertions exceeding the threshold maximum number in the given time period; or the number of throttling signal assertions being less than the threshold minimum number in the given time period. 35. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the correction circuitry is to determine the correction iteratively in response to at least one of: updates to the number of assertions of the throttling signal and updates to the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply. 36. The circuit of claim 35, wherein the correction circuitry is to implement a Proportional Integral Differential algorithm to perform the iterative correction. 37. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the processing circuitry is responsive to an indication from a battery fuel gauge of a change in a peak power capability of a battery or of a battery state of charge, to update the peak power determination using an updated value for the estimated peak power supply capacity. 38. The circuit of claim 26, comprising threshold calculation circuitry to calculate the at least one of a threshold voltage, a threshold power and a threshold current depending on the determined peak power for the integrated circuit device. 39. The circuit of claim 38, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is arranged to calculate the at least one of the threshold voltage, threshold power and threshold current using an estimate for an impedance of the battery supply based on a peak battery power. 40. The circuit of claim 39, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is to calculate the peak battery power based on the determined peak power for the integrated circuit device. 41. The circuit of claim 39, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is to calculate the peak battery power based on at least one of: a peak power of an adapter of the power supply and the estimated power consumption of the ROP excluding the integrated circuit device. 42. The circuit of claim 38, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is arranged to calculate the at least one of the threshold voltage, threshold power and threshold current using a duration of time between the throttling signal being asserted and the power reducing feature taking effect to reduce the power. 43. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the power supply comprises a battery unit and wherein the power supply interface is to receive a value for a peak power capability of the battery unit and wherein the peak power capacity of the power supply is estimated using the peak power value of the battery unit. 44. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the power supply interface is to receive an adapter peak power value and wherein the data processing circuitry is to estimate the peak power capacity of the power supply using the adapter peak power value. 45. The circuit of claim 26, further comprising the integrated circuit. 46. The circuit of claim 26, wherein peak power setting circuitry is included in an embedded controller. 47. At least one non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause processing hardware to:
receive at least one value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving an integrated circuit device; determining an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device based on the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply; and determine a peak power for the integrated circuit device by increasing the approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device according to a peak power enhancement function, wherein the peak power enhancement function depends on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced by the integrated circuit device in response to assertion of a throttling signal. 48. The at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the instructions, when executed, are further to implement an operating system. 49. A method of setting a peak power value for an integrated circuit device, the integrated circuit device having power management circuitry to implement a power reducing feature of the integrated circuit device in response to a throttling signal assertion, the method comprising:
receiving at least one value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving the integrated circuit device; determining an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device from the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply; and determining a peak power for the integrated circuit device by increasing the approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device according to a peak power enhancement function, wherein the peak power enhancement function depends on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced by the integrated circuit device in response to assertion of a throttling signal. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the throttling signal assertion is received by the integrated circuit device and indicates that at least one of a threshold voltage, a threshold power and a threshold current has been crossed. | Peak power setting circuitry is provided to set a peak power value for an integrated circuit device. A power supply interface is to receive a value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving the integrated circuit device and processing circuitry is provided to calculate an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device. A peak power for the integrated circuit device is determined by increasing the approximate peak power depending on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced in response to assertion of a throttling signal.1-25. (canceled) 26. A circuit comprising peak power setting circuitry to set a peak power value for an integrated circuit device, the integrated circuit device having throttling circuitry to assert a power reducing feature of the integrated circuit device in response to a throttling signal assertion, the peak power setting circuitry including:
a power supply interface to receive a value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving the integrated circuit device; processing circuitry to: determine an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device using the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply; and determine a peak power for the integrated circuit device by increasing the approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device depending on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced in response to assertion of the throttling signal. 27. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the value to estimate the peak power capacity of the power supply comprises at least one of a peak battery power, a peak adapter power and a dedicated power supply. 28. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the throttling signal assertion indicates that at least one of a threshold voltage, a threshold power and a threshold current has been crossed. 29. The circuit of claim 28, wherein the processing circuitry is to determine at least one further peak power for the integrated circuit device, the at least one further peak power having a further approximate peak power different from the approximate peak power and wherein the further peak power has a respective further throttling signal to which the integrated circuit device has a corresponding power-reducing response. 30. The circuit of claim 29, wherein the peak power corresponds to a first power limit up to which the integrated circuit is permitted to sustain power for up to a first duration of time whereas the further peak power corresponds to a second power limit up to which the integrated circuit is permitted to sustain power for a second duration of time, wherein the second duration of time is different from the first duration of time. 31. The circuit of claim 26, the processing circuitry comprising:
correction circuitry to correct the determined peak power for the integrated circuit depending on a number of assertions of the throttling signal in a given time period. 32. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the correction to the determined peak power comprises decreasing the determined peak power relative to the increased approximate peak power when the number of assertions of the throttling signal in the given time period is higher than a threshold maximum number of throttling assertions. 33. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the correction to the determined peak power comprises increasing the determined peak power relative to the increased approximate peak power when the number of assertions of the throttling signal in the given time period is lower than a threshold minimum number of throttling assertions. 34. The circuit of claim 31, further comprising interrupt generating circuitry to send an interrupt to the processing circuitry responsive to at least one of: the number of throttling signal assertions exceeding the threshold maximum number in the given time period; or the number of throttling signal assertions being less than the threshold minimum number in the given time period. 35. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the correction circuitry is to determine the correction iteratively in response to at least one of: updates to the number of assertions of the throttling signal and updates to the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply. 36. The circuit of claim 35, wherein the correction circuitry is to implement a Proportional Integral Differential algorithm to perform the iterative correction. 37. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the processing circuitry is responsive to an indication from a battery fuel gauge of a change in a peak power capability of a battery or of a battery state of charge, to update the peak power determination using an updated value for the estimated peak power supply capacity. 38. The circuit of claim 26, comprising threshold calculation circuitry to calculate the at least one of a threshold voltage, a threshold power and a threshold current depending on the determined peak power for the integrated circuit device. 39. The circuit of claim 38, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is arranged to calculate the at least one of the threshold voltage, threshold power and threshold current using an estimate for an impedance of the battery supply based on a peak battery power. 40. The circuit of claim 39, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is to calculate the peak battery power based on the determined peak power for the integrated circuit device. 41. The circuit of claim 39, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is to calculate the peak battery power based on at least one of: a peak power of an adapter of the power supply and the estimated power consumption of the ROP excluding the integrated circuit device. 42. The circuit of claim 38, wherein the threshold calculation circuitry is arranged to calculate the at least one of the threshold voltage, threshold power and threshold current using a duration of time between the throttling signal being asserted and the power reducing feature taking effect to reduce the power. 43. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the power supply comprises a battery unit and wherein the power supply interface is to receive a value for a peak power capability of the battery unit and wherein the peak power capacity of the power supply is estimated using the peak power value of the battery unit. 44. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the power supply interface is to receive an adapter peak power value and wherein the data processing circuitry is to estimate the peak power capacity of the power supply using the adapter peak power value. 45. The circuit of claim 26, further comprising the integrated circuit. 46. The circuit of claim 26, wherein peak power setting circuitry is included in an embedded controller. 47. At least one non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause processing hardware to:
receive at least one value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving an integrated circuit device; determining an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device based on the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply; and determine a peak power for the integrated circuit device by increasing the approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device according to a peak power enhancement function, wherein the peak power enhancement function depends on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced by the integrated circuit device in response to assertion of a throttling signal. 48. The at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the instructions, when executed, are further to implement an operating system. 49. A method of setting a peak power value for an integrated circuit device, the integrated circuit device having power management circuitry to implement a power reducing feature of the integrated circuit device in response to a throttling signal assertion, the method comprising:
receiving at least one value to estimate a peak power capacity of a power supply serving the integrated circuit device; determining an approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device from the estimated peak power capacity of the power supply; and determining a peak power for the integrated circuit device by increasing the approximate peak power for the integrated circuit device according to a peak power enhancement function, wherein the peak power enhancement function depends on an amount by which the integrated circuit device power is reduced by the integrated circuit device in response to assertion of a throttling signal. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the throttling signal assertion is received by the integrated circuit device and indicates that at least one of a threshold voltage, a threshold power and a threshold current has been crossed. | 2,800 |
342,965 | 16,642,690 | 2,844 | Provided herein are vaccine composition comprising an antigen conjugated to a capsid, wherein the capsid comprises wild type or native sequence. Provided herein are also vaccine composition comprising an antigen conjugated to a capsid, wherein said capsid comprises at least one mutation, such as a non-natural mutation. Such compositions are useful in the treatment and prevention of pathogenic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disease, and cancer, among others. | 1. A vaccine composition comprising an antigen conjugated to a capsid, wherein said capsid comprises at least one non-natural mutation. 2. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the capsid comprises at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, or twenty mutations. 3. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-natural mutation is a disulfide bond mutation. 4. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of carbohydrate antigen, peptide, protein, nucleic acid, and organic molecular antigen. 5. The vaccine composition of claim 4, wherein the antigen is a carbohydrate antigen. 6. The vaccine composition of claim 5, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is selected from the group consisting of (a) Mucin1 (MUC1), (b) Mucin4 (MUC4), (c) Ganglioside GD2 (GD2), (d) Fucosyl Ganglioside GM1 (GM1), (e) acetylated GD2, (f) Ganglioside GD3 (GD3), (g) acetylated GD3, (h) Fucosyl Ganglioside GM2 (GM2), (i) Globo-H, (j) Lewis A, (k) Lewis Y, (1) polysialic acid, (m) sialyl-Lewis A, (n) Tf, (o) Tn, (p) sTn, Tn1, and Tn2. 7. The vaccine composition of claim 6, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is MUC1. 8. The vaccine composition of claim 6, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is GD2 or 9-NHAc-GD2. 9. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the capsid is a bacteriophage capsid. 10. The vaccine composition of claim 9, wherein the bacteriophage is selected from the group consisting of (a): bacteriophage Qβ; (b) bacteriophage R17; (c) bacteriophage fr; (d) bacteriophage GA; (e) bacteriophage SP; (f) bacteriophage MS2; (g) bacteriophage M11; (h) bacteriophage MX1; (i) bacteriophage NL95; (j) bacteriophage f2; (k) bacteriophage PP7; (1) bacteriophage AP205; and (m) bacteriophage P22. 11. The vaccine composition of claim 10, wherein the bacteriophage is bacteriophage Qβ. 12. The vaccine composition of claim 2, wherein the mutation comprises at least one mutation selected from N10K, A38K, A40C, A40S, T75K, D102C, D102S, or A117K, or combination thereof. 13. The vaccine composition of claim 2, wherein said capsid comprises at least two mutations selected from A40C/D102C, A40S/D102S, or A43C/Q98C. 14. The vaccine composition of claim 2, wherein said capsid comprises at least three mutations selected from A40C/D102C/K13R or A38K/A40C/D102C. 15. A method for preventing or treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 16. A method of preventing or treating a pathogenic infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 17. A method of preventing or treating an inflammatory disease, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 18. A method of preventing or treating a neurodenerative disease, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the pathogenic infection is a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. 20. The method of any one of claims 15-19, wherein the vaccine composition is administered systematically. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the systematic administration is selected from the group consisting of oral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular administration. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition is administered intratumorally or peritumorally. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of oral cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, childhood cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, throat cancer, stomach cancer, and kidney cancer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the cancer is lung cancer. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the childhood cancer is neuroblastoma. 28. The method of any one of claims 15-198 wherein the subject is a mammal. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the mammal is human. | Provided herein are vaccine composition comprising an antigen conjugated to a capsid, wherein the capsid comprises wild type or native sequence. Provided herein are also vaccine composition comprising an antigen conjugated to a capsid, wherein said capsid comprises at least one mutation, such as a non-natural mutation. Such compositions are useful in the treatment and prevention of pathogenic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disease, and cancer, among others.1. A vaccine composition comprising an antigen conjugated to a capsid, wherein said capsid comprises at least one non-natural mutation. 2. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the capsid comprises at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, or twenty mutations. 3. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-natural mutation is a disulfide bond mutation. 4. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of carbohydrate antigen, peptide, protein, nucleic acid, and organic molecular antigen. 5. The vaccine composition of claim 4, wherein the antigen is a carbohydrate antigen. 6. The vaccine composition of claim 5, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is selected from the group consisting of (a) Mucin1 (MUC1), (b) Mucin4 (MUC4), (c) Ganglioside GD2 (GD2), (d) Fucosyl Ganglioside GM1 (GM1), (e) acetylated GD2, (f) Ganglioside GD3 (GD3), (g) acetylated GD3, (h) Fucosyl Ganglioside GM2 (GM2), (i) Globo-H, (j) Lewis A, (k) Lewis Y, (1) polysialic acid, (m) sialyl-Lewis A, (n) Tf, (o) Tn, (p) sTn, Tn1, and Tn2. 7. The vaccine composition of claim 6, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is MUC1. 8. The vaccine composition of claim 6, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is GD2 or 9-NHAc-GD2. 9. The vaccine composition of claim 1, wherein the capsid is a bacteriophage capsid. 10. The vaccine composition of claim 9, wherein the bacteriophage is selected from the group consisting of (a): bacteriophage Qβ; (b) bacteriophage R17; (c) bacteriophage fr; (d) bacteriophage GA; (e) bacteriophage SP; (f) bacteriophage MS2; (g) bacteriophage M11; (h) bacteriophage MX1; (i) bacteriophage NL95; (j) bacteriophage f2; (k) bacteriophage PP7; (1) bacteriophage AP205; and (m) bacteriophage P22. 11. The vaccine composition of claim 10, wherein the bacteriophage is bacteriophage Qβ. 12. The vaccine composition of claim 2, wherein the mutation comprises at least one mutation selected from N10K, A38K, A40C, A40S, T75K, D102C, D102S, or A117K, or combination thereof. 13. The vaccine composition of claim 2, wherein said capsid comprises at least two mutations selected from A40C/D102C, A40S/D102S, or A43C/Q98C. 14. The vaccine composition of claim 2, wherein said capsid comprises at least three mutations selected from A40C/D102C/K13R or A38K/A40C/D102C. 15. A method for preventing or treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 16. A method of preventing or treating a pathogenic infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 17. A method of preventing or treating an inflammatory disease, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 18. A method of preventing or treating a neurodenerative disease, the method comprising administering to the subject a vaccine composition of claim 1. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the pathogenic infection is a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. 20. The method of any one of claims 15-19, wherein the vaccine composition is administered systematically. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the systematic administration is selected from the group consisting of oral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular administration. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition is administered intratumorally or peritumorally. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of oral cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, childhood cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, throat cancer, stomach cancer, and kidney cancer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the cancer is lung cancer. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the childhood cancer is neuroblastoma. 28. The method of any one of claims 15-198 wherein the subject is a mammal. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the mammal is human. | 2,800 |
342,966 | 16,642,711 | 2,844 | A bearing protection arrangement of a journal bearing arranged between a housing and a rotary component of a wind turbine is provided. The bearing protection arrangement includes a wind speed monitor arranged to monitor wind speed in the vicinity of the wind turbine and to generate a wake-up signal when the wind speed exceeds a pre-defined minimum; a mode switch module of a backup battery arranged to provide restart power to an auxiliary of the wind turbine, which mode switch module is adapted to switch the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power after low wind-speed conditions, and to switch the backup battery from the low-power mode into a normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal. A wind turbine and a method of protecting a journal bearing of a wind turbine during standstill is also provided. | 1. A bearing protection arrangement of a journal bearing arranged between a housing and a rotary component of a wind turbine, which the bearing protection arrangement comprising:
a wind speed monitor arranged to monitor wind speed in a vicinity of the wind turbine and to generate a wake-up signal when the wind speed exceeds a pre-defined minimum; and a mode switch module of a backup battery arranged to provide restart power to a number of auxiliaries of the wind turbine including at least a brake system of the journal bearing, which the mode switch module is being configured to switch the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power after low wind-speed conditions, and to switch the backup battery from the low-power mode into a normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal. 2. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the wind speed monitor is incorporated in a wind speed sensor arranged on an exterior of the wind turbine. 3. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the wind speed sensor comprises a vertical axis anemometer. 4. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the wind speed monitor comprises a rotary encoder adapted configured to generate a digital wind speed value on a basis of a rotational velocity of the vertical axis anemometer. 5. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the wind speed monitor comprises an ultrasonic wind speed sensor configured to generate a digital wind speed value. 6. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the wind speed monitor comprises a digital signal processor adapted to generate the wake-up signal on the basis of the digital wind speed value. 7. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, comprising a rechargeable battery arranged to provide power to components of the wind speed monitor. 8. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the mode switch module is configured to monitor a remaining battery capacity and to switch the backup battery into the low-power mode when the remaining battery capacity has decreased to a predefined minimum capacity. 9. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backup battery is arranged to provide restart power to a brake system of the journal bearing. 10. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backup battery is arranged to provide restart power to a lubricant pump arrangement of the journal bearing. 11. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backup battery is arranged to provide restart power to a yaw system of the wind turbine. 12. A wind turbine comprising:
a rotary component, a housing, and a journal bearing arranged between the housing and the rotary component; a number of auxiliary systems arranged to restart the wind turbine after low wind-speed conditions; and a bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1. 13. A backup battery of the wind turbine according to claim 12, the backup battery being arranged to provide restart power to auxiliary systems, wherein a mode switch module is configured to switch the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power, and to switch the backup battery from the low-power mode back to normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal originating from the wind speed monitor of the bearing protection arrangement of the wind turbine. 14. A method of protecting a journal bearing of a wind turbine during standstill, the method comprising:
providing a wind speed monitor to measure wind speed in a vicinity of the wind turbine and to generate a wake-up signal when the wind speed exceeds a pre-defined minimum; providing a backup battery to provide restart power to a number of auxiliaries of the wind turbine including at least a brake system of the journal bearing; switching the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power; and switching the backup battery back to the normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a predefined minimum capacity of the backup battery for providing restart power is determined in a prior step of calculating an amount of energy necessary to turn an aerodynamic rotor of the wind turbine into the wind and to release brakes of the brake system and/or to operate a lubricant pump of the journal bearing. | A bearing protection arrangement of a journal bearing arranged between a housing and a rotary component of a wind turbine is provided. The bearing protection arrangement includes a wind speed monitor arranged to monitor wind speed in the vicinity of the wind turbine and to generate a wake-up signal when the wind speed exceeds a pre-defined minimum; a mode switch module of a backup battery arranged to provide restart power to an auxiliary of the wind turbine, which mode switch module is adapted to switch the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power after low wind-speed conditions, and to switch the backup battery from the low-power mode into a normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal. A wind turbine and a method of protecting a journal bearing of a wind turbine during standstill is also provided.1. A bearing protection arrangement of a journal bearing arranged between a housing and a rotary component of a wind turbine, which the bearing protection arrangement comprising:
a wind speed monitor arranged to monitor wind speed in a vicinity of the wind turbine and to generate a wake-up signal when the wind speed exceeds a pre-defined minimum; and a mode switch module of a backup battery arranged to provide restart power to a number of auxiliaries of the wind turbine including at least a brake system of the journal bearing, which the mode switch module is being configured to switch the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power after low wind-speed conditions, and to switch the backup battery from the low-power mode into a normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal. 2. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the wind speed monitor is incorporated in a wind speed sensor arranged on an exterior of the wind turbine. 3. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the wind speed sensor comprises a vertical axis anemometer. 4. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the wind speed monitor comprises a rotary encoder adapted configured to generate a digital wind speed value on a basis of a rotational velocity of the vertical axis anemometer. 5. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the wind speed monitor comprises an ultrasonic wind speed sensor configured to generate a digital wind speed value. 6. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the wind speed monitor comprises a digital signal processor adapted to generate the wake-up signal on the basis of the digital wind speed value. 7. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, comprising a rechargeable battery arranged to provide power to components of the wind speed monitor. 8. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the mode switch module is configured to monitor a remaining battery capacity and to switch the backup battery into the low-power mode when the remaining battery capacity has decreased to a predefined minimum capacity. 9. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backup battery is arranged to provide restart power to a brake system of the journal bearing. 10. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backup battery is arranged to provide restart power to a lubricant pump arrangement of the journal bearing. 11. The bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backup battery is arranged to provide restart power to a yaw system of the wind turbine. 12. A wind turbine comprising:
a rotary component, a housing, and a journal bearing arranged between the housing and the rotary component; a number of auxiliary systems arranged to restart the wind turbine after low wind-speed conditions; and a bearing protection arrangement according to claim 1. 13. A backup battery of the wind turbine according to claim 12, the backup battery being arranged to provide restart power to auxiliary systems, wherein a mode switch module is configured to switch the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power, and to switch the backup battery from the low-power mode back to normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal originating from the wind speed monitor of the bearing protection arrangement of the wind turbine. 14. A method of protecting a journal bearing of a wind turbine during standstill, the method comprising:
providing a wind speed monitor to measure wind speed in a vicinity of the wind turbine and to generate a wake-up signal when the wind speed exceeds a pre-defined minimum; providing a backup battery to provide restart power to a number of auxiliaries of the wind turbine including at least a brake system of the journal bearing; switching the backup battery from a normal-power mode into a low-power mode to conserve sufficient restart power; and switching the backup battery back to the normal-power mode in response to the wake-up signal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a predefined minimum capacity of the backup battery for providing restart power is determined in a prior step of calculating an amount of energy necessary to turn an aerodynamic rotor of the wind turbine into the wind and to release brakes of the brake system and/or to operate a lubricant pump of the journal bearing. | 2,800 |
342,967 | 16,642,712 | 2,844 | A garment may be summarized as including: at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet, at least one non-toxic textile sheet, and stitches that physically couple the non-toxic elastomeric sheet(s) with the non-toxic textile sheet(s). The garment may exclude all metals and toxic materials. The garment may be a foundation garment, for example a brassiere. In a brassiere the non-toxic elastomeric sheet(s) and the non-toxic textile sheet(s) form a front bust portion and a band, the front bust portion which includes at least one panel sized and dimensioned to retain a pair of breasts when the brassiere is worn, and the band which physically couples opposed laterally spaced apart ends of the front bust portion together when the brassiere is worn. The brassiere can have distinct cups, or may not have distinct cups, for instance a sports bra style. The garment can hold, or include, a prosthetic. | 1. A brassiere, comprising:
at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet, at least one non-toxic textile sheet, and a plurality of stitches that physically couple the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet with the at least one non-toxic textile sheet, the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet and the at least one non-toxic textile sheet which form a front bust portion and a band, the front bust portion which includes at least one panel sized and dimensioned to retain a pair of breasts when the brassiere is worn, and the band which physically couples opposed laterally spaced apart ends of the front bust portion together when the brassiere is worn. 2. The brassiere of claim 1 wherein the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet forms a multiple ply elastomeric sling, with a pair of concave portions that extend along a bottom edge of the front bust portion, and which concave portions of the multiple ply sling underlie and support respective breasts when the brassiere is worn. 3. The brassiere of claim 2 wherein the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet is a silicone sheet. 4. The brassiere of claim 1 wherein the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet is at least one compressed silicone sheet. 5. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet forms a multiple ply silicone sheet frame that includes multiple plies of silicone sheet. 6. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet forms a multiple ply silicone sheet frame that includes multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire. 7. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet includes a first compressed silicone sheet and a second silicone sheet, the first compressed silicone sheet which forms a frame of multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire, and the second compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a pair of spaced apart apexes. 8. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet includes a first compressed silicone sheet, a second compressed silicone sheet, and a third compressed silicone sheet, the first compressed silicone sheet which forms a frame of multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire, the second compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a first apex, and the third compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a second apex, the second apex spaced laterally apart from the first apex at least when the brassiere is worn. 9. The brassiere of claim 8 wherein the first, the second and the third compressed silicone sheets are each seamless. 10. The brassiere of claim 8, further comprising:
at least a first strap, the first strap which extends from the first apex to the band. 11. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet includes a first compressed silicone sheet, a second compressed silicone sheet, a third compressed silicone sheet, and a fourth compressed silicone sheet, the first compressed silicone sheet which forms a multiple ply frame of multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire, the second compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a first apex to at least partially cover a first breast when worn, and the third compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a second apex to at least partially cover a second breast when worn, the second apex spaced laterally apart from the first apex at least when the brassiere is worn, and the fourth compressed silicone sheet which forms the band. 12. The brassiere of claim 1 wherein the at least one non-toxic textile sheet includes a self sheet and a lining sheet, the at least one silicone sheet is sandwiched between the self sheet and the lining sheet. 13. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the at least one textile sheet is a natural material. 14. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the at least one textile sheet is comprises at least one of silk, linen, organic cotton, and bamboo fiber. 15. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the front bust portion includes a first cup and a second cup, the first and the second cups being non-molded cups. 16. The brassiere of claim 15 wherein the front bust portion includes a bridge that physically couples the first and the second cups together. 17. The brassiere of claim 12, further comprising:
at least one selectively releasable fastener positioned in the front bust portion between the breasts. 18. The brassiere of claim 12, further comprising:
at least one selectively releasable fastener positioned in the band. 19. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the front bust portion and the band provide a continuous piece without a closure. 20. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the entire brassiere is devoid of any metal and devoid of any toxic materials. | A garment may be summarized as including: at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet, at least one non-toxic textile sheet, and stitches that physically couple the non-toxic elastomeric sheet(s) with the non-toxic textile sheet(s). The garment may exclude all metals and toxic materials. The garment may be a foundation garment, for example a brassiere. In a brassiere the non-toxic elastomeric sheet(s) and the non-toxic textile sheet(s) form a front bust portion and a band, the front bust portion which includes at least one panel sized and dimensioned to retain a pair of breasts when the brassiere is worn, and the band which physically couples opposed laterally spaced apart ends of the front bust portion together when the brassiere is worn. The brassiere can have distinct cups, or may not have distinct cups, for instance a sports bra style. The garment can hold, or include, a prosthetic.1. A brassiere, comprising:
at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet, at least one non-toxic textile sheet, and a plurality of stitches that physically couple the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet with the at least one non-toxic textile sheet, the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet and the at least one non-toxic textile sheet which form a front bust portion and a band, the front bust portion which includes at least one panel sized and dimensioned to retain a pair of breasts when the brassiere is worn, and the band which physically couples opposed laterally spaced apart ends of the front bust portion together when the brassiere is worn. 2. The brassiere of claim 1 wherein the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet forms a multiple ply elastomeric sling, with a pair of concave portions that extend along a bottom edge of the front bust portion, and which concave portions of the multiple ply sling underlie and support respective breasts when the brassiere is worn. 3. The brassiere of claim 2 wherein the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet is a silicone sheet. 4. The brassiere of claim 1 wherein the at least one non-toxic elastomeric sheet is at least one compressed silicone sheet. 5. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet forms a multiple ply silicone sheet frame that includes multiple plies of silicone sheet. 6. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet forms a multiple ply silicone sheet frame that includes multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire. 7. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet includes a first compressed silicone sheet and a second silicone sheet, the first compressed silicone sheet which forms a frame of multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire, and the second compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a pair of spaced apart apexes. 8. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet includes a first compressed silicone sheet, a second compressed silicone sheet, and a third compressed silicone sheet, the first compressed silicone sheet which forms a frame of multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire, the second compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a first apex, and the third compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a second apex, the second apex spaced laterally apart from the first apex at least when the brassiere is worn. 9. The brassiere of claim 8 wherein the first, the second and the third compressed silicone sheets are each seamless. 10. The brassiere of claim 8, further comprising:
at least a first strap, the first strap which extends from the first apex to the band. 11. The brassiere of claim 4 wherein the at least one compressed silicone sheet includes a first compressed silicone sheet, a second compressed silicone sheet, a third compressed silicone sheet, and a fourth compressed silicone sheet, the first compressed silicone sheet which forms a multiple ply frame of multiple plies of silicone sheet without any underwire, the second compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a first apex to at least partially cover a first breast when worn, and the third compressed silicone sheet which extends upward to a second apex to at least partially cover a second breast when worn, the second apex spaced laterally apart from the first apex at least when the brassiere is worn, and the fourth compressed silicone sheet which forms the band. 12. The brassiere of claim 1 wherein the at least one non-toxic textile sheet includes a self sheet and a lining sheet, the at least one silicone sheet is sandwiched between the self sheet and the lining sheet. 13. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the at least one textile sheet is a natural material. 14. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the at least one textile sheet is comprises at least one of silk, linen, organic cotton, and bamboo fiber. 15. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the front bust portion includes a first cup and a second cup, the first and the second cups being non-molded cups. 16. The brassiere of claim 15 wherein the front bust portion includes a bridge that physically couples the first and the second cups together. 17. The brassiere of claim 12, further comprising:
at least one selectively releasable fastener positioned in the front bust portion between the breasts. 18. The brassiere of claim 12, further comprising:
at least one selectively releasable fastener positioned in the band. 19. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the front bust portion and the band provide a continuous piece without a closure. 20. The brassiere of claim 12 wherein the entire brassiere is devoid of any metal and devoid of any toxic materials. | 2,800 |
342,968 | 16,642,702 | 2,844 | The present invention discloses an application of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in preparing a preparation for preventing and/or treating lipid metabolism related diseases, such as atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method for treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases, comprising the step of:
administering a composition as defined in comprising (a) a safe and effective amount of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and/or metabolites thereof, and a food or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject, thereby treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the lipid metabolism related diseases are selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and a combination thereof. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus CL02T12C19, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2 and a combination thereof. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is capable of one or more selected from the group consisting of:
(i) lowering blood lipid level in a mammal; (ii) reducing body weight of a mammal; (iii) relieving myocardial ischemia in a mammal; and (iv) alleviating vascular lesions in a mammal. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is administrated orally. 23. The method according to claim 18, wherein the administration dosage is 0.01 to 5 g/50 kg body weight per day, preferably 0.1 to 2 g/50 kg body weight per day. 24. The method according to claim 18, wherein the subject includes human and non-human mammal, and the non-human mammal includes rodents such as mice and rats, and primates such as monkeys. 25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises probiotics and/or prebiotics. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the probiotics are selected from the group consisting of Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and a combination thereof. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the prebiotics are selected from the group consisting of fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), lactosucrose (LACT), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), Inulin, oligosaccharide and a combination thereof. 28. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises a substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, glutathione, butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutylmethyltoluene, tocopherol, antioxidant of bamboo, D-isoascorbic acid and sodium salt thereof, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, phospholipid, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E and a combination thereof. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is of a weight ratio (wt %) of 0.1% to 2%, preferably 0.5% to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5% to 1.0%, based on the total weight of the composition. 31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is of an amount of 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably 5 mg to 15 mg, more preferably 5 mg to 10 mg, based on 1 g of the composition. 32. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further contains a growth factor, preferably a milk growth factor. 33. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 10-1×1015 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, preferably 1×104-1×1010 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, based on the total volume or total weight of the composition. 34. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 0.0001 wt % to 99 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, based on the total weight of the composition. 35. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is in a unit dosage form, for example, one tablet, one capsule or one vial, and
the composition in each unit dosage form is of a mass of 0.05 g to 5 g, preferably 0.1 g to 1 g. | The present invention discloses an application of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in preparing a preparation for preventing and/or treating lipid metabolism related diseases, such as atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases and obesity.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A method for treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases, comprising the step of:
administering a composition as defined in comprising (a) a safe and effective amount of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and/or metabolites thereof, and a food or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject, thereby treating and/or preventing lipid metabolism related diseases. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the lipid metabolism related diseases are selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and a combination thereof. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus CL02T12C19, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2 and a combination thereof. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is capable of one or more selected from the group consisting of:
(i) lowering blood lipid level in a mammal; (ii) reducing body weight of a mammal; (iii) relieving myocardial ischemia in a mammal; and (iv) alleviating vascular lesions in a mammal. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is administrated orally. 23. The method according to claim 18, wherein the administration dosage is 0.01 to 5 g/50 kg body weight per day, preferably 0.1 to 2 g/50 kg body weight per day. 24. The method according to claim 18, wherein the subject includes human and non-human mammal, and the non-human mammal includes rodents such as mice and rats, and primates such as monkeys. 25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises probiotics and/or prebiotics. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the probiotics are selected from the group consisting of Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and a combination thereof. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the prebiotics are selected from the group consisting of fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), lactosucrose (LACT), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), Inulin, oligosaccharide and a combination thereof. 28. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further comprises a substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, glutathione, butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutylmethyltoluene, tocopherol, antioxidant of bamboo, D-isoascorbic acid and sodium salt thereof, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, phospholipid, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E and a combination thereof. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is of a weight ratio (wt %) of 0.1% to 2%, preferably 0.5% to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5% to 1.0%, based on the total weight of the composition. 31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the substance capable of maintaining the viability of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus is of an amount of 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably 5 mg to 15 mg, more preferably 5 mg to 10 mg, based on 1 g of the composition. 32. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition further contains a growth factor, preferably a milk growth factor. 33. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 10-1×1015 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, preferably 1×104-1×1010 cfu/mL or cfu/g of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, based on the total volume or total weight of the composition. 34. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition contains 0.0001 wt % to 99 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, based on the total weight of the composition. 35. The method according to claim 18, wherein the composition is in a unit dosage form, for example, one tablet, one capsule or one vial, and
the composition in each unit dosage form is of a mass of 0.05 g to 5 g, preferably 0.1 g to 1 g. | 2,800 |
342,969 | 16,642,679 | 2,844 | The present disclosure relates to a palletizing control device, system, method and storage medium, and relates to the technical field of logistics. A palletizing control device includes: a prestage position generation module configured to generate a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and a path generation module configured to generate movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. | 1-6. (canceled) 7. A palletizing control system, comprising:
the palletizing control device of claim 14; and a robot controller configured to instruct a robot to palletize articles according to the movement path information generated by the palletizing control device. 8. A palletizing control method, comprising:
generating a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. 9. The control method of claim 8, wherein the control method comprises:
determining an adjacent placement position according to a determined placement position and a size of an article to be palletized placed on the determined placement position in a layer of a palletizing place in sequence until an edge of the article to be palletized placed on the adjacent placement position exceeds an edge of a pallet. 10. The control method of claim 8, wherein the horizontal offset comprises a first horizontal offset representing an offset in a lateral palletizing direction in a horizontal plane and a second horizontal offset representing an offset in a longitudinal palletizing direction in the horizontal plane. 11. The control method of claim 10, wherein,
the first horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the lateral palletizing direction and a preset lateral ratio; or the second horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the longitudinal palletizing direction and a preset longitudinal ratio. 12. The control method of claim 8, wherein the vertical offset is negatively related to a vertical distance from the placement position to a horizontal plane where a pallet for palletizing the article to be palletized locates. 13. The control method of claim 8, wherein, the generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized comprises:
generating movement path information for a plurality of articles to be palletized, comprising information on a movement path from a starting position to a prestage position of an article to be palletized or information on a movement path from a placement position of an article to be palletized to a starting position of another article to be palletized. 14. A palletizing control device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute a palletizing control method for performing instructions comprising: generating a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the palletizing control method for performing instructions comprising:
generating a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. 16. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein the instructions comprise:
determining an adjacent placement position according to a determined placement position and a size of an article to be palletized placed on the determined placement position in a layer of a palletizing place in sequence until an edge of the article to be palletized placed on the adjacent placement position exceeds an edge of a pallet. 17. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein the horizontal offset comprises a first horizontal offset representing an offset in a lateral palletizing direction in a horizontal plane and a second horizontal offset representing an offset in a longitudinal palletizing direction in the horizontal plane. 18. The palletizing control device of claim 17, wherein,
the first horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the lateral palletizing direction and a preset lateral ratio; or the second horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the longitudinal palletizing direction and a preset longitudinal ratio. 19. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein the vertical offset is negatively related to a vertical distance from the placement position to a horizontal plane where a pallet for palletizing the article to be palletized locates. 20. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein, the generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized comprises:
generating movement path information for a plurality of articles to be palletized, comprising information on a movement path from a starting position to a prestage position of an article to be palletized or information on a movement path from a placement position of an article to be palletized to a starting position of another article to be palletized. 21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions comprise:
determining an adjacent placement position according to a determined placement position and a size of an article to be palletized placed on the determined placement position in a layer of a palletizing place in sequence until an edge of the article to be palletized placed on the adjacent placement position exceeds an edge of a pallet. 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the horizontal offset comprises a first horizontal offset representing an offset in a lateral palletizing direction in a horizontal plane and a second horizontal offset representing an offset in a longitudinal palletizing direction in the horizontal plane. 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein,
the first horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the lateral palletizing direction and a preset lateral ratio; or the second horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the longitudinal palletizing direction and a preset longitudinal ratio. 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the vertical offset is negatively related to a vertical distance from the placement position to a horizontal plane where a pallet for palletizing the article to be palletized locates. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein, the generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized comprises:
generating movement path information for a plurality of articles to be palletized, comprising information on a movement path from a starting position to a prestage position of an article to be palletized or information on a movement path from a placement position of an article to be palletized to a starting position of another article to be palletized. | The present disclosure relates to a palletizing control device, system, method and storage medium, and relates to the technical field of logistics. A palletizing control device includes: a prestage position generation module configured to generate a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and a path generation module configured to generate movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized.1-6. (canceled) 7. A palletizing control system, comprising:
the palletizing control device of claim 14; and a robot controller configured to instruct a robot to palletize articles according to the movement path information generated by the palletizing control device. 8. A palletizing control method, comprising:
generating a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. 9. The control method of claim 8, wherein the control method comprises:
determining an adjacent placement position according to a determined placement position and a size of an article to be palletized placed on the determined placement position in a layer of a palletizing place in sequence until an edge of the article to be palletized placed on the adjacent placement position exceeds an edge of a pallet. 10. The control method of claim 8, wherein the horizontal offset comprises a first horizontal offset representing an offset in a lateral palletizing direction in a horizontal plane and a second horizontal offset representing an offset in a longitudinal palletizing direction in the horizontal plane. 11. The control method of claim 10, wherein,
the first horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the lateral palletizing direction and a preset lateral ratio; or the second horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the longitudinal palletizing direction and a preset longitudinal ratio. 12. The control method of claim 8, wherein the vertical offset is negatively related to a vertical distance from the placement position to a horizontal plane where a pallet for palletizing the article to be palletized locates. 13. The control method of claim 8, wherein, the generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized comprises:
generating movement path information for a plurality of articles to be palletized, comprising information on a movement path from a starting position to a prestage position of an article to be palletized or information on a movement path from a placement position of an article to be palletized to a starting position of another article to be palletized. 14. A palletizing control device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute a palletizing control method for performing instructions comprising: generating a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the palletizing control method for performing instructions comprising:
generating a prestage position of an article to be palletized by respectively shifting a placement position of the article to be palletized along a horizontal palletizing direction by a horizontal offset corresponding to the article to be palletized and along a vertical palletizing direction by a vertical offset corresponding to the article to be palletized; and generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized. 16. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein the instructions comprise:
determining an adjacent placement position according to a determined placement position and a size of an article to be palletized placed on the determined placement position in a layer of a palletizing place in sequence until an edge of the article to be palletized placed on the adjacent placement position exceeds an edge of a pallet. 17. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein the horizontal offset comprises a first horizontal offset representing an offset in a lateral palletizing direction in a horizontal plane and a second horizontal offset representing an offset in a longitudinal palletizing direction in the horizontal plane. 18. The palletizing control device of claim 17, wherein,
the first horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the lateral palletizing direction and a preset lateral ratio; or the second horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the longitudinal palletizing direction and a preset longitudinal ratio. 19. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein the vertical offset is negatively related to a vertical distance from the placement position to a horizontal plane where a pallet for palletizing the article to be palletized locates. 20. The palletizing control device of claim 14, wherein, the generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized comprises:
generating movement path information for a plurality of articles to be palletized, comprising information on a movement path from a starting position to a prestage position of an article to be palletized or information on a movement path from a placement position of an article to be palletized to a starting position of another article to be palletized. 21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions comprise:
determining an adjacent placement position according to a determined placement position and a size of an article to be palletized placed on the determined placement position in a layer of a palletizing place in sequence until an edge of the article to be palletized placed on the adjacent placement position exceeds an edge of a pallet. 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the horizontal offset comprises a first horizontal offset representing an offset in a lateral palletizing direction in a horizontal plane and a second horizontal offset representing an offset in a longitudinal palletizing direction in the horizontal plane. 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein,
the first horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the lateral palletizing direction and a preset lateral ratio; or the second horizontal offset is a product of a length of the article to be palletized in the longitudinal palletizing direction and a preset longitudinal ratio. 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the vertical offset is negatively related to a vertical distance from the placement position to a horizontal plane where a pallet for palletizing the article to be palletized locates. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein, the generating movement path information representing a straight path from the prestage position of the article to be palletized to the placement position of the article to be palletized comprises:
generating movement path information for a plurality of articles to be palletized, comprising information on a movement path from a starting position to a prestage position of an article to be palletized or information on a movement path from a placement position of an article to be palletized to a starting position of another article to be palletized. | 2,800 |
342,970 | 16,642,714 | 2,844 | An inline reductant filter assembly includes a filter housing, a filter media, and one or more valves. The filter housing is fluidly coupled to an upstream portion of a reductant line and a downstream portion of the reductant line. The filter media is positioned in the filter housing. The one or more valves are selectively movable from a first position to a second position. In the first position, the one or more valves permit fluid to flow along a first fluid flow path from the upstream portion of the reductant line, through the filter media, to the downstream portion of the reductant line. In the second position, the one or more valves prevent fluid from flowing along the first fluid flow path through the filter media. | 1. An inline reductant filter assembly comprising:
a filter housing fluidly coupled to an upstream portion of a reductant line and a downstream portion of the reductant line; a filter media positioned in the filter housing; and one or more valves selectively movable from a first position to a second position, the first position permitting fluid to flow along a first fluid flow path from the upstream portion of the reductant line, through the filter media, to the downstream portion of the reductant line, the second position preventing fluid from flowing along the first fluid flow path through the filter media, wherein an inlet portion at which reductant flows into the filter media and an outlet portion at which reductant flows out of the filter media are fluidly sealed from the reductant line when the one or more valves are in the second position. 2. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves in the second position permit fluid to flow along a second fluid flow path, the second fluid flow path bypassing the filter media. 3. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the inline reductant filter assembly is configured such that the one or more valves move from the first position to the second position in response to a purge process. 4. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves are passive valves. 5. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 4, wherein a first valve of the one or more valves is structured to selectively move from the second position to the first position in response to positive pressure of reductant being provided to the first valve from the upstream portion of the reductant line. 6. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 5, wherein a second valve of the one or more valves is structured to selectively move from the first position to the second position in response to positive pressure of reductant being provided to the second valve from the downstream portion of the reductant line. 7. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the inline reductant filter assembly is configured such that the one or more valves move in response to a data signal from a controller. 8. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the filter housing is upstream of a pump. 9. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the filter housing is downstream of a pump. 10. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves are check valves. 11. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the inline reductant filter assembly is configured such that the one or more valves move to the first position for priming. 12. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves comprise two valves, a first valve positioned at an inlet portion of the filter housing, and a second valve positioned at an outlet portion of the filter housing. 13. A reductant delivery system comprising:
a reductant pump; a reductant line in fluid communication with the reductant pump and a doser; a filter housing fluidly coupled to an upstream portion of the reductant line and a downstream portion of the reductant line; a filter media positioned in the filter housing; and one or more valves selectively movable from a first position to a second position, the first position permitting fluid to flow along a first fluid flow path from the upstream portion of the reductant line, through the filter media, to the downstream portion of the reductant line, the second position permitting fluid to flow from the downstream portion of the reductant line to the upstream portion of the reductant line without flowing through the filter media, wherein an inlet portion at which reductant flows into the filter media and an outlet portion at which reductant flows out of the filter media are fluidly sealed from the reductant line when the one or more valves are in the second position. 14. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the reductant delivery system is configured such that the one or more valves move from the first position to the second position in response to a purge process. 15. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the one or more valves are passive valves. 16. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the reductant delivery system is configured such that the one or more valves move in response to a data signal from a controller. 17. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the filter housing is upstream of the reductant pump. 18. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the filter housing is downstream of the reductant pump. 19. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the one or more valves are check valves. 20. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the reductant delivery system is configured such that the one or more valves move to the first position for priming. | An inline reductant filter assembly includes a filter housing, a filter media, and one or more valves. The filter housing is fluidly coupled to an upstream portion of a reductant line and a downstream portion of the reductant line. The filter media is positioned in the filter housing. The one or more valves are selectively movable from a first position to a second position. In the first position, the one or more valves permit fluid to flow along a first fluid flow path from the upstream portion of the reductant line, through the filter media, to the downstream portion of the reductant line. In the second position, the one or more valves prevent fluid from flowing along the first fluid flow path through the filter media.1. An inline reductant filter assembly comprising:
a filter housing fluidly coupled to an upstream portion of a reductant line and a downstream portion of the reductant line; a filter media positioned in the filter housing; and one or more valves selectively movable from a first position to a second position, the first position permitting fluid to flow along a first fluid flow path from the upstream portion of the reductant line, through the filter media, to the downstream portion of the reductant line, the second position preventing fluid from flowing along the first fluid flow path through the filter media, wherein an inlet portion at which reductant flows into the filter media and an outlet portion at which reductant flows out of the filter media are fluidly sealed from the reductant line when the one or more valves are in the second position. 2. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves in the second position permit fluid to flow along a second fluid flow path, the second fluid flow path bypassing the filter media. 3. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the inline reductant filter assembly is configured such that the one or more valves move from the first position to the second position in response to a purge process. 4. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves are passive valves. 5. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 4, wherein a first valve of the one or more valves is structured to selectively move from the second position to the first position in response to positive pressure of reductant being provided to the first valve from the upstream portion of the reductant line. 6. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 5, wherein a second valve of the one or more valves is structured to selectively move from the first position to the second position in response to positive pressure of reductant being provided to the second valve from the downstream portion of the reductant line. 7. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the inline reductant filter assembly is configured such that the one or more valves move in response to a data signal from a controller. 8. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the filter housing is upstream of a pump. 9. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the filter housing is downstream of a pump. 10. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves are check valves. 11. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the inline reductant filter assembly is configured such that the one or more valves move to the first position for priming. 12. The inline reductant filter assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more valves comprise two valves, a first valve positioned at an inlet portion of the filter housing, and a second valve positioned at an outlet portion of the filter housing. 13. A reductant delivery system comprising:
a reductant pump; a reductant line in fluid communication with the reductant pump and a doser; a filter housing fluidly coupled to an upstream portion of the reductant line and a downstream portion of the reductant line; a filter media positioned in the filter housing; and one or more valves selectively movable from a first position to a second position, the first position permitting fluid to flow along a first fluid flow path from the upstream portion of the reductant line, through the filter media, to the downstream portion of the reductant line, the second position permitting fluid to flow from the downstream portion of the reductant line to the upstream portion of the reductant line without flowing through the filter media, wherein an inlet portion at which reductant flows into the filter media and an outlet portion at which reductant flows out of the filter media are fluidly sealed from the reductant line when the one or more valves are in the second position. 14. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the reductant delivery system is configured such that the one or more valves move from the first position to the second position in response to a purge process. 15. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the one or more valves are passive valves. 16. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the reductant delivery system is configured such that the one or more valves move in response to a data signal from a controller. 17. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the filter housing is upstream of the reductant pump. 18. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the filter housing is downstream of the reductant pump. 19. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the one or more valves are check valves. 20. The reductant delivery system of claim 13, wherein the reductant delivery system is configured such that the one or more valves move to the first position for priming. | 2,800 |
342,971 | 16,642,709 | 2,844 | A milling insert for a side and face milling tool includes an upper side defining an upper extension plane, a lower side defining a lower extension plane, and a side surface extending between the upper and the lower sides around a periphery of the insert that includes a main radial clearance surface, two opposite axial clearance surfaces and two corner clearance surfaces. At least one cutting edge is formed in a transition between the upper and the side surfaces, wherein each cutting edge includes a main cutting edge extending above the main radial clearance surface and two corner cutting edges extending above the corner clearance surfaces on opposite sides of the main cutting edge. The main cutting edge slopes downward toward a midpoint of the main cutting edge and the main cutting edge and the main radial clearance surface slope outward from the corner cutting edges toward the midpoint. | 1. A milling insert for a side and face milling tool, comprising:
an upper side having a rake surface and defining an upper extension plane; a lower side opposite the upper side, the lower side defining a lower extension plane, wherein a centre axis extends perpendicularly through the upper and lower extension planes; a side surface extending between the upper side and the lower side around a periphery of the milling insert, wherein the side surface includes a main radial clearance surface, two opposite secondary axial clearance surfaces, and two corner clearance surfaces extending between the main radial clearance surface and the secondary axial clearance surfaces; and at least one cutting edge formed in a transition between the upper side and the side surface, wherein each cutting edge includes a main cutting edge formed in a transition between the rake surface and the main radial clearance surface and two corner cutting edges formed in a transition between the rake surface and the corner clearance surfaces, wherein the main cutting edge, as seen in a side view of the milling insert, slopes downward from the corner cutting edges toward a midpoint of the main cutting edge, and wherein the main cutting edge, as well as the main radial clearance surface, as seen in a top view of the milling insert, both slope outward from the corner cutting edges toward the midpoint of the main cutting edge. 2. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the main cutting edge as seen in the top view and a shape of at least an upper portion of the main radial clearance surface as seen in an arbitrary section perpendicular to the centre axis are identical or essentially identical. 3. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the main cutting edge, as seen in top view of the milling insert, is convex. 4. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the at least one cutting edge further includes two opposite secondary cutting edges adjacent to the corner cutting edges, wherein each secondary cutting edge is formed in a transition between the rake surface and a secondary axial clearance surface portion. 5. The milling insert according to claim 4, wherein each secondary cutting edge slopes downward from the adjacent corner cutting edge. 6. The milling insert according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one recess is formed in the main radial clearance surface. 7. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein a central portion of the rake surface is recessed with respect to the main cutting edge. 8. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the milling insert is symmetric with respect to a vertical plane including the midpoint (pmid) of the main cutting edge and the centre axis. 9. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein each axial clearance surface forms an obtuse inner angle η with the lower extension plane. 10. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein at least an upper portion of the main radial clearance surface is continuously curved along its entire extension with at least one radius of curvature as seen in an arbitrary section perpendicular to the centre axis. 11. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the main cutting edge, as seen in the side view of the milling insert, has a slope formed at an inner angle β with respect to the upper extension plane, wherein 3°≤β≤10°. 12. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein, as seen in the top view of the milling insert, a first line is defined between the midpoint of the main cutting edge and a first endpoint or a second endpoint of the main cutting edge, and a second line is defined between the first endpoint and the second endpoint, wherein the first line extends at an angle α with respect to the second line, wherein 0.3°≤α≤3°. 13. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the milling insert has a rectangular basic shape. 14. The milling insert according to claim 13, wherein the milling insert is indexable with two identical and alternately usable cutting edges formed in the transition between the upper side and the side surface. 15. A side and face milling tool comprising:
a milling disc; and at least one milling insert according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least one milling inserts is detachably mounted in an insert seat of the milling disc. | A milling insert for a side and face milling tool includes an upper side defining an upper extension plane, a lower side defining a lower extension plane, and a side surface extending between the upper and the lower sides around a periphery of the insert that includes a main radial clearance surface, two opposite axial clearance surfaces and two corner clearance surfaces. At least one cutting edge is formed in a transition between the upper and the side surfaces, wherein each cutting edge includes a main cutting edge extending above the main radial clearance surface and two corner cutting edges extending above the corner clearance surfaces on opposite sides of the main cutting edge. The main cutting edge slopes downward toward a midpoint of the main cutting edge and the main cutting edge and the main radial clearance surface slope outward from the corner cutting edges toward the midpoint.1. A milling insert for a side and face milling tool, comprising:
an upper side having a rake surface and defining an upper extension plane; a lower side opposite the upper side, the lower side defining a lower extension plane, wherein a centre axis extends perpendicularly through the upper and lower extension planes; a side surface extending between the upper side and the lower side around a periphery of the milling insert, wherein the side surface includes a main radial clearance surface, two opposite secondary axial clearance surfaces, and two corner clearance surfaces extending between the main radial clearance surface and the secondary axial clearance surfaces; and at least one cutting edge formed in a transition between the upper side and the side surface, wherein each cutting edge includes a main cutting edge formed in a transition between the rake surface and the main radial clearance surface and two corner cutting edges formed in a transition between the rake surface and the corner clearance surfaces, wherein the main cutting edge, as seen in a side view of the milling insert, slopes downward from the corner cutting edges toward a midpoint of the main cutting edge, and wherein the main cutting edge, as well as the main radial clearance surface, as seen in a top view of the milling insert, both slope outward from the corner cutting edges toward the midpoint of the main cutting edge. 2. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the main cutting edge as seen in the top view and a shape of at least an upper portion of the main radial clearance surface as seen in an arbitrary section perpendicular to the centre axis are identical or essentially identical. 3. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the main cutting edge, as seen in top view of the milling insert, is convex. 4. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the at least one cutting edge further includes two opposite secondary cutting edges adjacent to the corner cutting edges, wherein each secondary cutting edge is formed in a transition between the rake surface and a secondary axial clearance surface portion. 5. The milling insert according to claim 4, wherein each secondary cutting edge slopes downward from the adjacent corner cutting edge. 6. The milling insert according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one recess is formed in the main radial clearance surface. 7. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein a central portion of the rake surface is recessed with respect to the main cutting edge. 8. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the milling insert is symmetric with respect to a vertical plane including the midpoint (pmid) of the main cutting edge and the centre axis. 9. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein each axial clearance surface forms an obtuse inner angle η with the lower extension plane. 10. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein at least an upper portion of the main radial clearance surface is continuously curved along its entire extension with at least one radius of curvature as seen in an arbitrary section perpendicular to the centre axis. 11. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the main cutting edge, as seen in the side view of the milling insert, has a slope formed at an inner angle β with respect to the upper extension plane, wherein 3°≤β≤10°. 12. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein, as seen in the top view of the milling insert, a first line is defined between the midpoint of the main cutting edge and a first endpoint or a second endpoint of the main cutting edge, and a second line is defined between the first endpoint and the second endpoint, wherein the first line extends at an angle α with respect to the second line, wherein 0.3°≤α≤3°. 13. The milling insert according to claim 1, wherein the milling insert has a rectangular basic shape. 14. The milling insert according to claim 13, wherein the milling insert is indexable with two identical and alternately usable cutting edges formed in the transition between the upper side and the side surface. 15. A side and face milling tool comprising:
a milling disc; and at least one milling insert according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least one milling inserts is detachably mounted in an insert seat of the milling disc. | 2,800 |
342,972 | 16,642,727 | 2,844 | A three-dimensional space monitoring device generates a learning result by machine-learning operation patterns of a first monitoring target and a second monitoring target from first measurement information on the first monitoring target and second measurement information on the second monitoring target; generates a first operation space of the first monitoring target and a second operation space of the second monitoring target; calculates a first distance from the first monitoring target to the second operation space and a second distance from the second monitoring target to the first operation space; determines a distance threshold based on the learning result and predicts a possibility of contact between the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target based on the first and second distances and the distance threshold; and executes a process based on the possibility of contact. | 1. A three-dimensional space monitoring device that monitors a coexistence space in which a first monitoring target that is a worker and a second monitoring target exist, comprising:
a processor to execute a program; and a memory to store the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of generating a learning result including a proficiency level of the worker and a fatigue level of the worker by machine-learning operation patterns of the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target from chronological first measurement information on the first monitoring target and chronological second measurement information on the second monitoring target which are acquired by measuring the coexistence space with a sensor; a process of generating a virtual first operation space in which the first monitoring target can exist based on the first measurement information and generating a virtual second operation space in which the second monitoring target can exist based on the second measurement information, the first operation space including a space in a shape of a polygonal prism covering an entire of a head of the worker and another space in a shape of a polygonal pyramid peaking at the head; a process of calculating a first distance from the first monitoring target to the second operation space and a second distance from the second monitoring target to the first operation space; a process of determining a distance threshold based on the learning result so that the distance threshold decreases as the proficiency level is higher and increases as the proficiency level is lower and the distance threshold decreases as the fatigue level is lower and increases as the fatigue level is higher and predicting a possibility of contact between the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target based on the first distance, the second distance and the distance threshold; and a process of executing a process based on the possibility of contact. 2. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
the learning result is generated by machine-learning the operation patterns from first skeletal structure information on the first monitoring target generated based on the first measurement information and second skeletal structure information on the second monitoring target generated based on the second measurement information, and the first operation space is generated from the first skeletal structure information and the second operation space is generated from the second skeletal structure information. 3. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the second monitoring target is a robot. 4. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the second monitoring target is another worker. 5. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the learning result further includes a cooperation level of the worker. 6. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein
higher reward is given as the first distance increases, higher reward is given as the second distance increases, lower reward is given as magnitude of acceleration of the robot increases, and lower reward is given as power of the robot increases. 7. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1,
wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of executing the provision of the information to the worker as the process based on the possibility of contact. 8. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 7, wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of determining a color scheme easy to notice for the worker, a combination of a background color and a foreground color easy to distinguish for the worker, an amount of characters easy to read for the worker, and size of characters easy to recognize for the worker, in regard to display information provided to the worker, based on the learning result. 9. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 3,
wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of executing the control of the robot as the process based on the possibility of contact. 10. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs
a process of generating the first operation space by using a first plane determined by three-dimensional position data of joints included in the first skeletal structure information, and a process of generating the second operation space by moving a second plane determined by three-dimensional position data of joints included in the second skeletal structure information in a direction perpendicular to the second plane. 11. A three-dimensional space monitoring method of monitoring a coexistence space in which a first monitoring target that is a worker and a second monitoring target exist, comprising:
generating a learning result including a proficiency level of the worker and a fatigue level of the worker by machine-learning operation patterns of the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target from chronological first measurement information on the first monitoring target and chronological second measurement information on the second monitoring target which are acquired by measuring the coexistence space with a sensor; generating a virtual first operation space in which the first monitoring target can exist based on the first measurement information and generating a virtual second operation space in which the second monitoring target can exist based on the second measurement information, the first operation space including a space in a shape of a polygonal prism covering an entire of a head of the worker and another space in a shape of a polygonal pyramid peaking at the head; calculating a first distance from the first monitoring target to the second operation space and a second distance from the second monitoring target to the first operation space; determining a distance threshold based on the learning result so that the distance threshold decreases as the proficiency level is higher and increases as the proficiency level is lower and the distance threshold decreases as the fatigue level is lower and increases as the fatigue level is higher and predicting a possibility of contact between the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target based on the first distance, the second distance and the distance threshold; and executing an operation based on the possibility of contact. 12. (canceled) | A three-dimensional space monitoring device generates a learning result by machine-learning operation patterns of a first monitoring target and a second monitoring target from first measurement information on the first monitoring target and second measurement information on the second monitoring target; generates a first operation space of the first monitoring target and a second operation space of the second monitoring target; calculates a first distance from the first monitoring target to the second operation space and a second distance from the second monitoring target to the first operation space; determines a distance threshold based on the learning result and predicts a possibility of contact between the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target based on the first and second distances and the distance threshold; and executes a process based on the possibility of contact.1. A three-dimensional space monitoring device that monitors a coexistence space in which a first monitoring target that is a worker and a second monitoring target exist, comprising:
a processor to execute a program; and a memory to store the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of generating a learning result including a proficiency level of the worker and a fatigue level of the worker by machine-learning operation patterns of the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target from chronological first measurement information on the first monitoring target and chronological second measurement information on the second monitoring target which are acquired by measuring the coexistence space with a sensor; a process of generating a virtual first operation space in which the first monitoring target can exist based on the first measurement information and generating a virtual second operation space in which the second monitoring target can exist based on the second measurement information, the first operation space including a space in a shape of a polygonal prism covering an entire of a head of the worker and another space in a shape of a polygonal pyramid peaking at the head; a process of calculating a first distance from the first monitoring target to the second operation space and a second distance from the second monitoring target to the first operation space; a process of determining a distance threshold based on the learning result so that the distance threshold decreases as the proficiency level is higher and increases as the proficiency level is lower and the distance threshold decreases as the fatigue level is lower and increases as the fatigue level is higher and predicting a possibility of contact between the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target based on the first distance, the second distance and the distance threshold; and a process of executing a process based on the possibility of contact. 2. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
the learning result is generated by machine-learning the operation patterns from first skeletal structure information on the first monitoring target generated based on the first measurement information and second skeletal structure information on the second monitoring target generated based on the second measurement information, and the first operation space is generated from the first skeletal structure information and the second operation space is generated from the second skeletal structure information. 3. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the second monitoring target is a robot. 4. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the second monitoring target is another worker. 5. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the learning result further includes a cooperation level of the worker. 6. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein
higher reward is given as the first distance increases, higher reward is given as the second distance increases, lower reward is given as magnitude of acceleration of the robot increases, and lower reward is given as power of the robot increases. 7. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 1,
wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of executing the provision of the information to the worker as the process based on the possibility of contact. 8. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 7, wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of determining a color scheme easy to notice for the worker, a combination of a background color and a foreground color easy to distinguish for the worker, an amount of characters easy to read for the worker, and size of characters easy to recognize for the worker, in regard to display information provided to the worker, based on the learning result. 9. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 3,
wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs a process of executing the control of the robot as the process based on the possibility of contact. 10. The three-dimensional space monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the program which, when executed by the processor, performs
a process of generating the first operation space by using a first plane determined by three-dimensional position data of joints included in the first skeletal structure information, and a process of generating the second operation space by moving a second plane determined by three-dimensional position data of joints included in the second skeletal structure information in a direction perpendicular to the second plane. 11. A three-dimensional space monitoring method of monitoring a coexistence space in which a first monitoring target that is a worker and a second monitoring target exist, comprising:
generating a learning result including a proficiency level of the worker and a fatigue level of the worker by machine-learning operation patterns of the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target from chronological first measurement information on the first monitoring target and chronological second measurement information on the second monitoring target which are acquired by measuring the coexistence space with a sensor; generating a virtual first operation space in which the first monitoring target can exist based on the first measurement information and generating a virtual second operation space in which the second monitoring target can exist based on the second measurement information, the first operation space including a space in a shape of a polygonal prism covering an entire of a head of the worker and another space in a shape of a polygonal pyramid peaking at the head; calculating a first distance from the first monitoring target to the second operation space and a second distance from the second monitoring target to the first operation space; determining a distance threshold based on the learning result so that the distance threshold decreases as the proficiency level is higher and increases as the proficiency level is lower and the distance threshold decreases as the fatigue level is lower and increases as the fatigue level is higher and predicting a possibility of contact between the first monitoring target and the second monitoring target based on the first distance, the second distance and the distance threshold; and executing an operation based on the possibility of contact. 12. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,973 | 16,642,720 | 2,844 | A cartridge according to the present technology includes: a cartridge case; and a memory. The cartridge case houses a magnetic tape. The memory is provided in the cartridge case, the memory storing information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A cartridge, comprising:
a cartridge case that houses a magnetic tape; and a memory provided in the cartridge case, the memory storing information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape, wherein the information includes information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. 15. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the information includes information regarding humidity around the magnetic tape during data recording. 16. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the information includes information regarding tension of the magnetic tape during data recording. 17. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the information includes information regarding the width of the magnetic tape during data recording. 18. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted during data reproduction by adjusting tension of the magnetic tape. 19. The cartridge according to claim 18, wherein
the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted during data reproduction so that the width of the magnetic tape is the same as the width of the magnetic tape during data recording. 20. The cartridge according to claim 19, wherein
the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted on a basis of a difference between the temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording stored in the memory and the temperature around the magnetic tape measured during data reproduction. 21. The cartridge according to claim 20, wherein
the information includes information regarding the temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording, and the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted on a basis of a difference between humidity around the magnetic tape during data recording stored in the memory and humidity around the magnetic tape measured during data reproduction. 22. The cartridge according to claim 21, wherein
the information includes information regarding the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording, and a tension-change value based on the temperature difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 23. The cartridge according to claim 22, wherein
a tension-change value based on the humidity difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 24. The cartridge according to claim 21, wherein
the information includes information regarding the width of the magnetic tape during data recording, and a difference between the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction is calculated on a basis of the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the temperature difference. 25. The cartridge according to claim 24, wherein
the information includes information regarding the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording, and a tension-change value based on the width difference due to the temperature difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 26. The cartridge according to claim 25, wherein
a difference between the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction is calculated on a basis of the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the humidity difference. 27. The cartridge according to claim 26, wherein
a tension-change value based on the width difference due to the humidity difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 28. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the cartridge is based on an LTO (linear Tape Open) standard. 29. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, an average thickness tT satisfies a relationship of tT≤5.5 μm, dimensional change amount Δw in a width direction relative to a tension change in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of 660 ppm/N≤Δw, and an average thickness to of the non-magnetic layer satisfies a relationship of tn—1.0 μm. 30. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and a friction coefficient μ between a surface of the magnetic tape on a side of the magnetic layer and a surface of the magnetic tape on a side of the back layer satisfies a relationship of 0.20≤μ≤0.80. 31. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and a temperature expansion coefficient α of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of 5.5 ppm/° C.≤α≤9 ppm/° C. 32. The cartridge according to claim 31, wherein
the information includes information regarding humidity around the magnetic tape during data recording, and a humidity expansion coefficient β of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of β≤5.5 ppm/% RH. 33. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and the Poisson's ratio ρ of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of 0.25≤ρ. 34. A memory provided in a cartridge case that houses a magnetic tape, the memory storing information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape, the information including information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. 35. A data recording apparatus that records data in a magnetic tape, the data recording apparatus storing, in a memory provided in a cartridge case that houses the magnetic tape, information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape, the information including information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. 36. A data reproduction apparatus that reproduces data recorded in a magnetic tape, the data reproduction apparatus reading information during data recording by the magnetic tape stored in a memory provided in a cartridge case that houses the magnetic tape and adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape on a basis of the information, the information including information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. | A cartridge according to the present technology includes: a cartridge case; and a memory. The cartridge case houses a magnetic tape. The memory is provided in the cartridge case, the memory storing information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape.1-13. (canceled) 14. A cartridge, comprising:
a cartridge case that houses a magnetic tape; and a memory provided in the cartridge case, the memory storing information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape, wherein the information includes information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. 15. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the information includes information regarding humidity around the magnetic tape during data recording. 16. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the information includes information regarding tension of the magnetic tape during data recording. 17. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the information includes information regarding the width of the magnetic tape during data recording. 18. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted during data reproduction by adjusting tension of the magnetic tape. 19. The cartridge according to claim 18, wherein
the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted during data reproduction so that the width of the magnetic tape is the same as the width of the magnetic tape during data recording. 20. The cartridge according to claim 19, wherein
the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted on a basis of a difference between the temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording stored in the memory and the temperature around the magnetic tape measured during data reproduction. 21. The cartridge according to claim 20, wherein
the information includes information regarding the temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording, and the width of the magnetic tape is adjusted on a basis of a difference between humidity around the magnetic tape during data recording stored in the memory and humidity around the magnetic tape measured during data reproduction. 22. The cartridge according to claim 21, wherein
the information includes information regarding the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording, and a tension-change value based on the temperature difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 23. The cartridge according to claim 22, wherein
a tension-change value based on the humidity difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 24. The cartridge according to claim 21, wherein
the information includes information regarding the width of the magnetic tape during data recording, and a difference between the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction is calculated on a basis of the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the temperature difference. 25. The cartridge according to claim 24, wherein
the information includes information regarding the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording, and a tension-change value based on the width difference due to the temperature difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 26. The cartridge according to claim 25, wherein
a difference between the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction is calculated on a basis of the width of the magnetic tape during data recording and the humidity difference. 27. The cartridge according to claim 26, wherein
a tension-change value based on the width difference due to the humidity difference is added to the tension of the magnetic tape during data recording to calculate the tension of the magnetic tape during data reproduction. 28. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the cartridge is based on an LTO (linear Tape Open) standard. 29. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, an average thickness tT satisfies a relationship of tT≤5.5 μm, dimensional change amount Δw in a width direction relative to a tension change in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of 660 ppm/N≤Δw, and an average thickness to of the non-magnetic layer satisfies a relationship of tn—1.0 μm. 30. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and a friction coefficient μ between a surface of the magnetic tape on a side of the magnetic layer and a surface of the magnetic tape on a side of the back layer satisfies a relationship of 0.20≤μ≤0.80. 31. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and a temperature expansion coefficient α of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of 5.5 ppm/° C.≤α≤9 ppm/° C. 32. The cartridge according to claim 31, wherein
the information includes information regarding humidity around the magnetic tape during data recording, and a humidity expansion coefficient β of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of β≤5.5 ppm/% RH. 33. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein
the magnetic tape includes a substrate, a non-magnetic layer provided on one main surface of the substrate, a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, and a back layer provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and the Poisson's ratio ρ of the magnetic tape satisfies a relationship of 0.25≤ρ. 34. A memory provided in a cartridge case that houses a magnetic tape, the memory storing information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape, the information including information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. 35. A data recording apparatus that records data in a magnetic tape, the data recording apparatus storing, in a memory provided in a cartridge case that houses the magnetic tape, information during data recording by the magnetic tape, the information being for adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape, the information including information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. 36. A data reproduction apparatus that reproduces data recorded in a magnetic tape, the data reproduction apparatus reading information during data recording by the magnetic tape stored in a memory provided in a cartridge case that houses the magnetic tape and adjusting a width of the magnetic tape during data reproduction by the magnetic tape on a basis of the information, the information including information regarding temperature around the magnetic tape during data recording. | 2,800 |
342,974 | 16,642,700 | 2,844 | A steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property, the steel material including, in mass %: C: 0.10% to 1.50%, Si: 0.01% to 0.80%, Mn: 0.10% to 1.50%, Cr: 0.02% to 2.50%, Al: 0.002% to less than 0.010%, Ce+La+Nd: 0.0001% to 0.0025%, Mg: 0.0005% to 0.0050%, O: 0.0001% to 0.0020%, Ti: 0.000% to less than 0.005%, N: 0.0180% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.0000% to 0.0010%, V: 0.00 to 0.40%, Mo: 0.00 to 0.60%, Cu: 0.00 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.000 to less than 0.050%, Ni: 0.00 to 2.50%, Pb: 0.00 to 0.10%, Bi: 0.00 to 0.10%, B: 0.0000 to 0.0050%, and the balance being Fe and an impurity, wherein a fatigue-initiating inclusion detected by an ultrasonic fatigue test contains one or more of Ce, La, and Nd, and Mg, Al, and O, and a composition ratio in the fatigue-initiating inclusion satisfies Formula (1). | 1. A steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property, the steel material comprising, in mass %:
C: 0.10% to 1.50%, Si: 0.01% to 0.80%, Mn: 0.10% to 1.50%, Cr: 0.02% to 2.50%, Al: 0.002% to less than 0.010%, Ce+La+Nd: 0.0001% to 0.0025%, Mg: 0.0005% to 0.0050%, O: 0.0001% to 0.0020%, Ti: 0.000% to less than 0.005%, N: 0.0180% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.0000% to 0.0010%, V: 0.00 to 0.40%, Mo: 0.00 to 0.60%, Cu: 0.00 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.000 to less than 0.050%, Ni: 0.00 to 2.50%, Pb: 0.00 to 0.10%, Bi: 0.00 to 0.10%, B: 0.0000 to 0.0050%, and the balance being Fe and an impurity, wherein a fatigue-initiating inclusion detected by an ultrasonic fatigue test contains Mg, Al, and O, and one or more of Ce, La, and Nd, and a composition ratio in the fatigue-initiating inclusion satisfies Formula (1),
(Ce %+La %+Nd %+Mg %)/Al %≥0.20 Formula (1), 2. The steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property according to claim 1, wherein, in mass %, C: 0.10% to less than 0.45%, and Cr: 0.02 to 1.50%. 3. The steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property according to claim 1, wherein, in mass %, C: 0.45% to less than 0.90%, and Cr: 0.70 to 2.50%. 4. The steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property according to claim 1, wherein, in mass %, C: 0.90% to 1.50%, and Cr: 0.70 to 2.50%. | A steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property, the steel material including, in mass %: C: 0.10% to 1.50%, Si: 0.01% to 0.80%, Mn: 0.10% to 1.50%, Cr: 0.02% to 2.50%, Al: 0.002% to less than 0.010%, Ce+La+Nd: 0.0001% to 0.0025%, Mg: 0.0005% to 0.0050%, O: 0.0001% to 0.0020%, Ti: 0.000% to less than 0.005%, N: 0.0180% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.0000% to 0.0010%, V: 0.00 to 0.40%, Mo: 0.00 to 0.60%, Cu: 0.00 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.000 to less than 0.050%, Ni: 0.00 to 2.50%, Pb: 0.00 to 0.10%, Bi: 0.00 to 0.10%, B: 0.0000 to 0.0050%, and the balance being Fe and an impurity, wherein a fatigue-initiating inclusion detected by an ultrasonic fatigue test contains one or more of Ce, La, and Nd, and Mg, Al, and O, and a composition ratio in the fatigue-initiating inclusion satisfies Formula (1).1. A steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property, the steel material comprising, in mass %:
C: 0.10% to 1.50%, Si: 0.01% to 0.80%, Mn: 0.10% to 1.50%, Cr: 0.02% to 2.50%, Al: 0.002% to less than 0.010%, Ce+La+Nd: 0.0001% to 0.0025%, Mg: 0.0005% to 0.0050%, O: 0.0001% to 0.0020%, Ti: 0.000% to less than 0.005%, N: 0.0180% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.0000% to 0.0010%, V: 0.00 to 0.40%, Mo: 0.00 to 0.60%, Cu: 0.00 to 0.50%, Nb: 0.000 to less than 0.050%, Ni: 0.00 to 2.50%, Pb: 0.00 to 0.10%, Bi: 0.00 to 0.10%, B: 0.0000 to 0.0050%, and the balance being Fe and an impurity, wherein a fatigue-initiating inclusion detected by an ultrasonic fatigue test contains Mg, Al, and O, and one or more of Ce, La, and Nd, and a composition ratio in the fatigue-initiating inclusion satisfies Formula (1),
(Ce %+La %+Nd %+Mg %)/Al %≥0.20 Formula (1), 2. The steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property according to claim 1, wherein, in mass %, C: 0.10% to less than 0.45%, and Cr: 0.02 to 1.50%. 3. The steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property according to claim 1, wherein, in mass %, C: 0.45% to less than 0.90%, and Cr: 0.70 to 2.50%. 4. The steel material excellent in rolling fatigue property according to claim 1, wherein, in mass %, C: 0.90% to 1.50%, and Cr: 0.70 to 2.50%. | 2,800 |
342,975 | 16,642,695 | 2,844 | The invention relates to a method for preparing a flour tortilla, comprising —preparing a tortilla dough from cereal flour and fat particles, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms; — shaping the tortilla dough into a tortilla shape; and —heating the shaped tortilla dough, thereby obtaining the flour tortilla. The invention further relates to a flour tortilla dough, comprising fat particles dispersed therein, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms, and to a flour tortilla that can be obtained by a method according to the invention or made from dough according to the invention. | 1. Method for preparing a flour tortilla, comprising
preparing a tortilla dough from cereal flour and fat particles, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms; shaping the tortilla dough into a tortilla shape; and heating the shaped tortilla dough, thereby obtaining the flour tortilla. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms. 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein at least 40% of the fatty acid content, based on total moles of fatty acid (in bound form, such as in acylglycerides and—if present—as free fatty acid), of the fat particles is stearic acid. 4. Method according to claim 3, wherein at least 75% of the fatty acid content, based on total moles of fatty acid (in bound form, such as in acylglycerides and—if present—as free fatty acid), of the fat particles is stearic acid. 5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat particles is:
0.1-1% myristic acid (C14) 1-10% palmitic acid (C16) 75-98% stearic acid (C18) 0.6-6% arachinic acid (C20) 0.4-5% behenic acid (C22) others 0-5%; all based on total moles of fatty acid (in bound form, such as in acylglycerides and—if present—as free fatty acid). 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the palmitic acid content based on total fatty acid is 4-8 wt. %. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the stearic acid content based on total fatty acid is 86-96 wt. %. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles are particles of hydrogenated canola oil. 9. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles have a melting point, as determinable by DSC, in the range of about 65 to about 70° C. 10. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles have a saturated triglyceride content of 98-100 wt. %, a trans fatty acid content of 0-2 wt. %, an acid number of less than 1 mg KOH/kg, a free fatty acid content 0-0.5% and/or a peroxide number of less than 3 meqO2/kg. 11. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat particles is:
8-16% lauric acid (C12) 1-10% palmitic acid (C16) 40-50% stearic acid (C18) 22-32% oleic acid (C18) 0.5-7% linoleic acid (C18) others 0-5%. 12. Method according to claim 11, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat particles is:
10-14% lauric acid (C12) 3-8% palmitic acid (C16) 40-46% stearic acid (C18) 24-30% oleic acid (C18) 1-5% linoleic acid (C18) others 0-5%. 13. Method according to claim 11, wherein the fat particles have a melting point in the range of about 44 to about 48° C. 14. Method according to claim 11, wherein the fat particles have a saturated fatty acid content of 65-75%, a trans fatty acid content of 0-2 wt. %, an acid number of less than 6 mg KOH/kg, a free fatty acid content 0-3% and/or a peroxide number of less than 3 meqO2/kg. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles are fat particles obtained by spray-cooling. 16. Method according to claim 1, wherein the triglyceride content of the fat particles is 95-100 wt. %. 17. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles have a particle size distribution which particle size distribution is as follows
at least 10 wt. % of the fat particles has a size <136 μm at least 25 wt. % of the fat particles has a size <199 μm at least 50 wt. % of the fat particles has a size <350 μm 100 wt. % of the fat particle has a size <439 μm. 18. Method according to claim 1, wherein the number average particle size or the weight average particle size is 300 μm or less. 19. Method according to claim 1, wherein the cereal flour is wheat flour, maize flour or a combination of wheat flour and at least one other flour. 20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the cereal flour is wheat flour or a combination of wheat flour and maize flour, comprising at least 75 wt. % wheat flour, based on total flour. 21. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles are added in an amount of 0.1-2 wt. %, based on the total weight of dough ingredients. 22. Method according to claim 1, wherein the dough is prepared without adding emulsifiers. 23. Method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the dough comprises mixing the wheat flour, the fat particles, water and further a liquid vegetable oil. 24. Method according to claim 1, wherein the dough that is prepared is essentially free from monoglycerides and diglycerides other than mono- and diglycerides that are naturally present in wheat flour. 25. Flour tortilla dough, comprising fat particles dispersed therein, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms. 26. Flour tortilla dough according to claim 25 which is essentially free of added (i.e. other than naturally present in the flour) anticaking agents and added (i.e. other than naturally present in the flour) antioxidants. 27. Flour tortilla, comprising a baked flour dough comprising a fat component at least substantially consisting of triglycerides of fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms. 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) | The invention relates to a method for preparing a flour tortilla, comprising —preparing a tortilla dough from cereal flour and fat particles, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms; — shaping the tortilla dough into a tortilla shape; and —heating the shaped tortilla dough, thereby obtaining the flour tortilla. The invention further relates to a flour tortilla dough, comprising fat particles dispersed therein, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms, and to a flour tortilla that can be obtained by a method according to the invention or made from dough according to the invention.1. Method for preparing a flour tortilla, comprising
preparing a tortilla dough from cereal flour and fat particles, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms; shaping the tortilla dough into a tortilla shape; and heating the shaped tortilla dough, thereby obtaining the flour tortilla. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms. 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein at least 40% of the fatty acid content, based on total moles of fatty acid (in bound form, such as in acylglycerides and—if present—as free fatty acid), of the fat particles is stearic acid. 4. Method according to claim 3, wherein at least 75% of the fatty acid content, based on total moles of fatty acid (in bound form, such as in acylglycerides and—if present—as free fatty acid), of the fat particles is stearic acid. 5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat particles is:
0.1-1% myristic acid (C14) 1-10% palmitic acid (C16) 75-98% stearic acid (C18) 0.6-6% arachinic acid (C20) 0.4-5% behenic acid (C22) others 0-5%; all based on total moles of fatty acid (in bound form, such as in acylglycerides and—if present—as free fatty acid). 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the palmitic acid content based on total fatty acid is 4-8 wt. %. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the stearic acid content based on total fatty acid is 86-96 wt. %. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles are particles of hydrogenated canola oil. 9. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles have a melting point, as determinable by DSC, in the range of about 65 to about 70° C. 10. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles have a saturated triglyceride content of 98-100 wt. %, a trans fatty acid content of 0-2 wt. %, an acid number of less than 1 mg KOH/kg, a free fatty acid content 0-0.5% and/or a peroxide number of less than 3 meqO2/kg. 11. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat particles is:
8-16% lauric acid (C12) 1-10% palmitic acid (C16) 40-50% stearic acid (C18) 22-32% oleic acid (C18) 0.5-7% linoleic acid (C18) others 0-5%. 12. Method according to claim 11, wherein the fatty acid composition of the fat particles is:
10-14% lauric acid (C12) 3-8% palmitic acid (C16) 40-46% stearic acid (C18) 24-30% oleic acid (C18) 1-5% linoleic acid (C18) others 0-5%. 13. Method according to claim 11, wherein the fat particles have a melting point in the range of about 44 to about 48° C. 14. Method according to claim 11, wherein the fat particles have a saturated fatty acid content of 65-75%, a trans fatty acid content of 0-2 wt. %, an acid number of less than 6 mg KOH/kg, a free fatty acid content 0-3% and/or a peroxide number of less than 3 meqO2/kg. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles are fat particles obtained by spray-cooling. 16. Method according to claim 1, wherein the triglyceride content of the fat particles is 95-100 wt. %. 17. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles have a particle size distribution which particle size distribution is as follows
at least 10 wt. % of the fat particles has a size <136 μm at least 25 wt. % of the fat particles has a size <199 μm at least 50 wt. % of the fat particles has a size <350 μm 100 wt. % of the fat particle has a size <439 μm. 18. Method according to claim 1, wherein the number average particle size or the weight average particle size is 300 μm or less. 19. Method according to claim 1, wherein the cereal flour is wheat flour, maize flour or a combination of wheat flour and at least one other flour. 20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the cereal flour is wheat flour or a combination of wheat flour and maize flour, comprising at least 75 wt. % wheat flour, based on total flour. 21. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fat particles are added in an amount of 0.1-2 wt. %, based on the total weight of dough ingredients. 22. Method according to claim 1, wherein the dough is prepared without adding emulsifiers. 23. Method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the dough comprises mixing the wheat flour, the fat particles, water and further a liquid vegetable oil. 24. Method according to claim 1, wherein the dough that is prepared is essentially free from monoglycerides and diglycerides other than mono- and diglycerides that are naturally present in wheat flour. 25. Flour tortilla dough, comprising fat particles dispersed therein, which fat particles at least substantially consist of triglycerides of fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms. 26. Flour tortilla dough according to claim 25 which is essentially free of added (i.e. other than naturally present in the flour) anticaking agents and added (i.e. other than naturally present in the flour) antioxidants. 27. Flour tortilla, comprising a baked flour dough comprising a fat component at least substantially consisting of triglycerides of fatty acids having 8-22 carbon atoms. 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,976 | 16,642,721 | 2,844 | A semiconductor device includes a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, first switching elements, second switching elements, a first supply terminal and a second supply terminal. The first and second conductive plates are spaced apart from each other in a first direction. The first switching elements are bonded to the first conductive plate, and are electrically connected to the second conductive plate. The second switching elements are bonded to the second conductive plate. The first supply terminal is bonded to the first conductive plate. The second supply terminal has a region that overlaps with the first supply terminal as viewed in a plan view. The second supply terminal is spaced apart from the first conductive plate and the first supply terminal in a thickness direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second supply terminal is electrically connected to the second switching elements. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first conductive plate including a first main surface perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first conductive plate; a second conductive plate including a second main surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, the second conductive plate being spaced apart from the first conductive plate in a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction; a plurality of first switching elements electrically bonded to the first conductive plate and electrically connected to the second conductive plate; a plurality of second switching elements electrically bonded to the second conductive plate; a first supply terminal electrically bonded to the first conductive plate; and a second supply terminal having a region that overlaps with the first supply terminal as viewed in the thickness direction, the second supply terminal being spaced apart from the first conductive plate and the first supply terminal in the thickness direction, wherein the second supply terminal is electrically connected to the plurality of second switching elements. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating member interposed between the first supply terminal and the second supply terminal in the thickness direction. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are made of a material that contains Cu. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of second switching elements is provided with a main surface electrode,
the second supply terminal includes a first band-shaped portion and a plurality of second band-shaped portions, the first band-shaped portion extending in a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction, and the plurality of second band-shaped portions extending from the first band-shaped portion toward the second conductive plate and being spaced apart from each other in the second direction, and the plurality of second band-shaped portions are respectively electrically connected to the main surface electrodes of the plurality of second switching elements. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of conductive wires that connect the plurality of second band-shaped portions and the plurality of second switching elements to each other,
wherein each of the plurality of conductive wires extends in the first direction. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of electrical connection leads that connect the plurality of second band-shaped portions and the plurality of second switching elements to each other,
wherein each of the plurality of electrical connection leads extends in the first direction. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of second band-shaped portions is bonded to the first main surface of the first conductive plate via insulators. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of second band-shaped portions is bonded to the main surface electrode of a corresponding one of the plurality of second switching elements. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of first switching elements are spaced apart from each other in the second direction, and
one of the plurality of second band-shaped portions is located between two adjacent first switching elements of the plurality of first switching elements. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising: a first substrate; a first gate layer; and a first gate terminal, wherein the first substrate extends in the second direction, has an electrical insulating property, and is bonded to the first main surface of the first conductive plate,
the first gate layer extends in the second direction, is electrically conductive, and is bonded to the first substrate, the first gate terminal is spaced apart from the first conductive plate, and is electrically connected to the first gate layer, and the plurality of first switching elements are electrically connected to the first gate layer. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of second switching elements are spaced apart from each other in the second direction, and
the plurality of second switching elements respectively face the plurality of second band-shaped portions in the first direction. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, further comprising: a second substrate; a second gate layer; and a second gate terminal, wherein the second substrate extends in the second direction, has an electrical insulating property, and is bonded to the second main surface of the second conductive plate,
the second gate layer extends in the second direction, is electrically conductive, and is bonded to the second substrate, the second gate terminal is spaced apart from the second conductive plate, and is electrically connected to the second gate layer, and the plurality of second switching elements are electrically connected to the second gate layer. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a sealing resin that covers the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, the plurality of first switching elements, and the plurality of second switching elements,
wherein the first supply terminal and the second supply terminal each have an exposed portion that is exposed from the sealing resin, and the exposed portion extends to a side away from the second conductive plate in the first direction. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, further comprising an output terminal electrically bonded to the second conductive plate,
wherein the output terminal has an exposed portion that is exposed from the sealing resin, and the exposed portion of the output terminal extends to a side away from the first conductive plate in the first direction. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, further comprising an insulating layer, wherein the first conductive plate has a first back surface on a side opposite to the first main surface, the second conductive plate has a second back surface on a side opposite to the second main surface, and the sealing resin has a back surface that is oriented toward the same side, in the thickness direction, as the side toward which the first back surface and the second back surface are oriented, and
the insulating layer is bonded to the first back surface and the second back surface, and is exposed from the back surface of the sealing resin. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the insulating layer includes a first region bonded to the first back surface, and a second region bonded to the second back surface, and the first region and the second region are spaced apart from each other in the first direction. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the sealing resin is provided with, on the back surface thereof, a plurality of grooves that extend in the second direction, and the plurality of grooves include a first group of grooves and a second group of grooves, and
the first group and the second group are spaced apart from each other in the first direction. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating layer including a main surface perpendicular to the thickness direction,
wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are bonded to the main surface of the insulating layer, and the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate have a thickness that is larger than a thickness of the insulating layer. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the thickness of the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate is 1.5 to 10 mm. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the thickness of the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate is three to one hundred times as large as the thickness of the insulating layer. 21. The semiconductor device according to claim 18. further comprising a metal layer, wherein the insulating layer has a back surface on a side opposite to the main surface, and the metal layer is bonded to the back surface of the insulating layer, and
the metal layer has a thickness that is smaller than the thickness of the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. 22. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate each have a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being bonded to the main surface of the insulating layer, and the second layer being located on a side of the first layer opposite to the insulating layer in the thickness direction, and
the second layer has a thickness that is larger than a thickness of the first layer. 23. The semiconductor device according to claim 21, further comprising a heat radiator bonded to the metal layer. | A semiconductor device includes a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, first switching elements, second switching elements, a first supply terminal and a second supply terminal. The first and second conductive plates are spaced apart from each other in a first direction. The first switching elements are bonded to the first conductive plate, and are electrically connected to the second conductive plate. The second switching elements are bonded to the second conductive plate. The first supply terminal is bonded to the first conductive plate. The second supply terminal has a region that overlaps with the first supply terminal as viewed in a plan view. The second supply terminal is spaced apart from the first conductive plate and the first supply terminal in a thickness direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second supply terminal is electrically connected to the second switching elements.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first conductive plate including a first main surface perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first conductive plate; a second conductive plate including a second main surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, the second conductive plate being spaced apart from the first conductive plate in a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction; a plurality of first switching elements electrically bonded to the first conductive plate and electrically connected to the second conductive plate; a plurality of second switching elements electrically bonded to the second conductive plate; a first supply terminal electrically bonded to the first conductive plate; and a second supply terminal having a region that overlaps with the first supply terminal as viewed in the thickness direction, the second supply terminal being spaced apart from the first conductive plate and the first supply terminal in the thickness direction, wherein the second supply terminal is electrically connected to the plurality of second switching elements. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating member interposed between the first supply terminal and the second supply terminal in the thickness direction. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are made of a material that contains Cu. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of second switching elements is provided with a main surface electrode,
the second supply terminal includes a first band-shaped portion and a plurality of second band-shaped portions, the first band-shaped portion extending in a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction, and the plurality of second band-shaped portions extending from the first band-shaped portion toward the second conductive plate and being spaced apart from each other in the second direction, and the plurality of second band-shaped portions are respectively electrically connected to the main surface electrodes of the plurality of second switching elements. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of conductive wires that connect the plurality of second band-shaped portions and the plurality of second switching elements to each other,
wherein each of the plurality of conductive wires extends in the first direction. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of electrical connection leads that connect the plurality of second band-shaped portions and the plurality of second switching elements to each other,
wherein each of the plurality of electrical connection leads extends in the first direction. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of second band-shaped portions is bonded to the first main surface of the first conductive plate via insulators. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of second band-shaped portions is bonded to the main surface electrode of a corresponding one of the plurality of second switching elements. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of first switching elements are spaced apart from each other in the second direction, and
one of the plurality of second band-shaped portions is located between two adjacent first switching elements of the plurality of first switching elements. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising: a first substrate; a first gate layer; and a first gate terminal, wherein the first substrate extends in the second direction, has an electrical insulating property, and is bonded to the first main surface of the first conductive plate,
the first gate layer extends in the second direction, is electrically conductive, and is bonded to the first substrate, the first gate terminal is spaced apart from the first conductive plate, and is electrically connected to the first gate layer, and the plurality of first switching elements are electrically connected to the first gate layer. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of second switching elements are spaced apart from each other in the second direction, and
the plurality of second switching elements respectively face the plurality of second band-shaped portions in the first direction. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, further comprising: a second substrate; a second gate layer; and a second gate terminal, wherein the second substrate extends in the second direction, has an electrical insulating property, and is bonded to the second main surface of the second conductive plate,
the second gate layer extends in the second direction, is electrically conductive, and is bonded to the second substrate, the second gate terminal is spaced apart from the second conductive plate, and is electrically connected to the second gate layer, and the plurality of second switching elements are electrically connected to the second gate layer. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a sealing resin that covers the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, the plurality of first switching elements, and the plurality of second switching elements,
wherein the first supply terminal and the second supply terminal each have an exposed portion that is exposed from the sealing resin, and the exposed portion extends to a side away from the second conductive plate in the first direction. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, further comprising an output terminal electrically bonded to the second conductive plate,
wherein the output terminal has an exposed portion that is exposed from the sealing resin, and the exposed portion of the output terminal extends to a side away from the first conductive plate in the first direction. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, further comprising an insulating layer, wherein the first conductive plate has a first back surface on a side opposite to the first main surface, the second conductive plate has a second back surface on a side opposite to the second main surface, and the sealing resin has a back surface that is oriented toward the same side, in the thickness direction, as the side toward which the first back surface and the second back surface are oriented, and
the insulating layer is bonded to the first back surface and the second back surface, and is exposed from the back surface of the sealing resin. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the insulating layer includes a first region bonded to the first back surface, and a second region bonded to the second back surface, and the first region and the second region are spaced apart from each other in the first direction. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the sealing resin is provided with, on the back surface thereof, a plurality of grooves that extend in the second direction, and the plurality of grooves include a first group of grooves and a second group of grooves, and
the first group and the second group are spaced apart from each other in the first direction. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating layer including a main surface perpendicular to the thickness direction,
wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are bonded to the main surface of the insulating layer, and the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate have a thickness that is larger than a thickness of the insulating layer. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the thickness of the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate is 1.5 to 10 mm. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the thickness of the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate is three to one hundred times as large as the thickness of the insulating layer. 21. The semiconductor device according to claim 18. further comprising a metal layer, wherein the insulating layer has a back surface on a side opposite to the main surface, and the metal layer is bonded to the back surface of the insulating layer, and
the metal layer has a thickness that is smaller than the thickness of the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. 22. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate each have a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being bonded to the main surface of the insulating layer, and the second layer being located on a side of the first layer opposite to the insulating layer in the thickness direction, and
the second layer has a thickness that is larger than a thickness of the first layer. 23. The semiconductor device according to claim 21, further comprising a heat radiator bonded to the metal layer. | 2,800 |
342,977 | 16,642,716 | 2,844 | Backlight units include a light guide plate having a plurality of light extraction features, at least one light source optically coupled to a second major surface of the light guide plate, a rear reflector positioned proximate the second major surface, and a patterned reflective layer positioned proximate a first major surface of the light guide plate. Display and lighting devices comprising such backlight units are further disclosed. | 1. A backlight unit comprising:
a light guide plate comprising a first major surface, an opposing second major surface, and a plurality of light extraction features; at least one light source optically coupled to the second major surface of the light guide plate; a rear reflector positioned proximate the second major surface of the light guide plate; and a patterned reflective layer positioned proximate the first major surface of the light guide plate, the patterned reflective layer comprising at least one optically reflective component and at least one optically transmissive component. 2. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises glass. 3. The backlight unit of claim 2, wherein the glass comprises the following composition, on a mol % oxide basis:
50-90 mol % SiO2, 0-20 mol % Al2O3, 0-20 mol % B2O3, and 0-25 mol % RxO, wherein x is 2 and R is chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and combinations thereof, or wherein x is 1 and R is chosen from Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof. 4. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises a color shift Δy of less than about 0.015. 5. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises an internal transmission of at least 98% over a path length of 75 mm for wavelengths ranging from about 450 nm to about 650 nm. 6. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises a thickness ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm. 7. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source is optically coupled to the second major surface of the light guide plate through an optical adhesive layer. 8. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the optical adhesive layer has a refractive index within 10% of a refractive index of the light guide plate. 9. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein a first portion of light from the at least one light source travels laterally along a length of the light guide plate due to total internal reflection, and a second portion of the light travels laterally due to reflections between the patterned reflective layer and the rear reflector. 10. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein a first region of the patterned reflective layer positioned above the at least one light source comprises a greater density of optically reflective components than optically transmissive components. 11. The backlight unit of claim 10, wherein an optical reflectance of the first region is at least about 92%. 12. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the patterned reflective layer is disposed on the first major surface of the light guide plate. 13. The backlight unit of claim 12, wherein the patterned reflective layer comprises a patterned metallic film or a multi-layer dielectric coating. 14. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the patterned reflective layer comprises a single layer or a composite layer. 15. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light extraction features is present on the first major surface of the light guide plate, on the second major surface of the light guide plate, within the matrix of the light guide plate, or any combination thereof. 16. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light extraction features comprise light-scattering particles, laser-damaged sites, textural surface features, or combinations thereof. 17. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate further comprises a plurality of microstructures on the first major surface. 18. The backlight unit of claim 17, wherein the plurality of microstructures is located in a region of the first major surface positioned above the at least one light source. 19. The backlight unit of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a diffusing film, a prismatic film, a color converting film, and a reflective polarizing film. 20. A display or lighting device comprising the backlight unit of claim 1. | Backlight units include a light guide plate having a plurality of light extraction features, at least one light source optically coupled to a second major surface of the light guide plate, a rear reflector positioned proximate the second major surface, and a patterned reflective layer positioned proximate a first major surface of the light guide plate. Display and lighting devices comprising such backlight units are further disclosed.1. A backlight unit comprising:
a light guide plate comprising a first major surface, an opposing second major surface, and a plurality of light extraction features; at least one light source optically coupled to the second major surface of the light guide plate; a rear reflector positioned proximate the second major surface of the light guide plate; and a patterned reflective layer positioned proximate the first major surface of the light guide plate, the patterned reflective layer comprising at least one optically reflective component and at least one optically transmissive component. 2. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises glass. 3. The backlight unit of claim 2, wherein the glass comprises the following composition, on a mol % oxide basis:
50-90 mol % SiO2, 0-20 mol % Al2O3, 0-20 mol % B2O3, and 0-25 mol % RxO, wherein x is 2 and R is chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and combinations thereof, or wherein x is 1 and R is chosen from Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof. 4. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises a color shift Δy of less than about 0.015. 5. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises an internal transmission of at least 98% over a path length of 75 mm for wavelengths ranging from about 450 nm to about 650 nm. 6. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate comprises a thickness ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm. 7. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source is optically coupled to the second major surface of the light guide plate through an optical adhesive layer. 8. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the optical adhesive layer has a refractive index within 10% of a refractive index of the light guide plate. 9. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein a first portion of light from the at least one light source travels laterally along a length of the light guide plate due to total internal reflection, and a second portion of the light travels laterally due to reflections between the patterned reflective layer and the rear reflector. 10. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein a first region of the patterned reflective layer positioned above the at least one light source comprises a greater density of optically reflective components than optically transmissive components. 11. The backlight unit of claim 10, wherein an optical reflectance of the first region is at least about 92%. 12. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the patterned reflective layer is disposed on the first major surface of the light guide plate. 13. The backlight unit of claim 12, wherein the patterned reflective layer comprises a patterned metallic film or a multi-layer dielectric coating. 14. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the patterned reflective layer comprises a single layer or a composite layer. 15. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light extraction features is present on the first major surface of the light guide plate, on the second major surface of the light guide plate, within the matrix of the light guide plate, or any combination thereof. 16. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light extraction features comprise light-scattering particles, laser-damaged sites, textural surface features, or combinations thereof. 17. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate further comprises a plurality of microstructures on the first major surface. 18. The backlight unit of claim 17, wherein the plurality of microstructures is located in a region of the first major surface positioned above the at least one light source. 19. The backlight unit of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a diffusing film, a prismatic film, a color converting film, and a reflective polarizing film. 20. A display or lighting device comprising the backlight unit of claim 1. | 2,800 |
342,978 | 16,642,718 | 2,844 | The present application discloses a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium. The battery equalization system includes: a collection circuit; an equalization circuit; a controller, connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit; and a power supply branch circuit, controlled by the controller to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system when a vehicle is in an OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system. | 1. A battery equalization system, comprising:
a collection circuit, configured to collect parameter information of cells in a battery pack; an equalization circuit, configured to perform equalization processing on the cells in the battery pack; a controller, connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit separately, and configured to determine, according to the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack, whether there is a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, and to control, when it is determined that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization; a power supply branch circuit, controlled by the controller to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system when a vehicle is in an OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system. 2. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply branch circuit comprises a first power supply branch circuit and a second power supply branch circuit;
the first power supply branch circuit is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and the first power supply branch circuit is configured to supply power to the battery equalization system and loads of the entire vehicle except the battery equalization system; the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and the second power supply branch circuit is configured to supply power to the battery equalization system; and when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, the second power supply branch circuit is in a connected state, and the first power supply branch circuit is in a disconnected state under the control of a vehicle body controller. 3. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, wherein connection and disconnection of the first power supply branch circuit and the second power supply branch circuit are controlled by a switch. 4. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, wherein a second switch and a first switch that is controlled by the vehicle body controller are separately disposed on the second power supply branch circuit and the first power supply branch circuit; two sides of the second switch are respectively connected to the power supply unit and the controller; one side of the first switch is connected to the power supply unit, and the other side of the first switch is connected to the controller and a load. 5. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein the second switch is controlled by the vehicle body controller; when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, the controller transmits an equalization request to the vehicle body controller so that the vehicle body controller controls the second switch and the first switch to stay in a connected state and a disconnected state respectively. 6. The battery equalization system according to claim 5, wherein when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and after the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the controller transmits an equalization end request to the vehicle body controller so that the vehicle body controller controls the second switch to stay in a disconnected state. 7. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein the second switch is controlled by the controller; when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the second switch to get connected, and after the second power supply branch circuit is connected, the vehicle body controller controls the first switch to disconnect. 8. The battery equalization system according to claim 7, wherein when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and after the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the second switch to stay in a disconnected state. 9. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein after the vehicle is powered on, the second switch is in a connected state under the control of the controller or the vehicle body controller. 10. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, further comprising a third power supply branch circuit, one end of the third power supply branch circuit is connected to the controller, and the other end of the third power supply branch circuit is connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit. 11. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is respectively connected through two channels to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell. 12. The battery equalization system according to claim 11, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected through two pins to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence to the two channels, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins is connected to the collection circuit through the other of the two channels. 13. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected through one channel to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell, and the collection circuit and the equalization circuit multiplex the channel in a time division manner. 14. The battery equalization system according to claim 13, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected through one pin to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, and the pin is connected to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit through the channel. 15. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, obtain a target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, and control, according to the target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to discharge the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 16. A vehicle, comprising a battery equalization system according to claim 1. 17. A battery equalization method, applied to a vehicle that comprises the battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the battery equalization method comprises:
collecting, by a collection circuit, parameter information of cells in a battery pack; controlling, when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization and that the vehicle is in an OFF gear, a power supply branch circuit to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system; and controlling, by a controller, an equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the battery equalization system further comprises a first power supply branch circuit connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and a second power supply branch circuit connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system;
the controlling a power supply branch circuit to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system comprises: controlling the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a connected state; and changing, by a vehicle body controller after the second power supply branch circuit is connected, the first power supply branch circuit from a connected state to a disconnected state. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the controlling the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a connected state comprises:
transmitting, by the controller, an equalization request to the vehicle body controller; and controlling, by the vehicle body controller after receiving the equalization request, the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a connected state. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
confirming, by the controller, that the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization; transmitting, by the controller, an equalization end request to the vehicle body controller; and controlling, by the vehicle body controller after receiving the equalization end request, the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a disconnected state. | The present application discloses a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium. The battery equalization system includes: a collection circuit; an equalization circuit; a controller, connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit; and a power supply branch circuit, controlled by the controller to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system when a vehicle is in an OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system.1. A battery equalization system, comprising:
a collection circuit, configured to collect parameter information of cells in a battery pack; an equalization circuit, configured to perform equalization processing on the cells in the battery pack; a controller, connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit separately, and configured to determine, according to the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack, whether there is a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, and to control, when it is determined that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization; a power supply branch circuit, controlled by the controller to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system when a vehicle is in an OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system. 2. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply branch circuit comprises a first power supply branch circuit and a second power supply branch circuit;
the first power supply branch circuit is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and the first power supply branch circuit is configured to supply power to the battery equalization system and loads of the entire vehicle except the battery equalization system; the second power supply branch circuit is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and the second power supply branch circuit is configured to supply power to the battery equalization system; and when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, the second power supply branch circuit is in a connected state, and the first power supply branch circuit is in a disconnected state under the control of a vehicle body controller. 3. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, wherein connection and disconnection of the first power supply branch circuit and the second power supply branch circuit are controlled by a switch. 4. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, wherein a second switch and a first switch that is controlled by the vehicle body controller are separately disposed on the second power supply branch circuit and the first power supply branch circuit; two sides of the second switch are respectively connected to the power supply unit and the controller; one side of the first switch is connected to the power supply unit, and the other side of the first switch is connected to the controller and a load. 5. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein the second switch is controlled by the vehicle body controller; when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, the controller transmits an equalization request to the vehicle body controller so that the vehicle body controller controls the second switch and the first switch to stay in a connected state and a disconnected state respectively. 6. The battery equalization system according to claim 5, wherein when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and after the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the controller transmits an equalization end request to the vehicle body controller so that the vehicle body controller controls the second switch to stay in a disconnected state. 7. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein the second switch is controlled by the controller; when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and a cell needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the second switch to get connected, and after the second power supply branch circuit is connected, the vehicle body controller controls the first switch to disconnect. 8. The battery equalization system according to claim 7, wherein when the vehicle is in the OFF gear and after the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the second switch to stay in a disconnected state. 9. The battery equalization system according to claim 4, wherein after the vehicle is powered on, the second switch is in a connected state under the control of the controller or the vehicle body controller. 10. The battery equalization system according to claim 2, further comprising a third power supply branch circuit, one end of the third power supply branch circuit is connected to the controller, and the other end of the third power supply branch circuit is connected to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit. 11. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is respectively connected through two channels to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell. 12. The battery equalization system according to claim 11, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected through two pins to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence to the two channels, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins is connected to the collection circuit through the other of the two channels. 13. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected through one channel to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to a same cell, and the collection circuit and the equalization circuit multiplex the channel in a time division manner. 14. The battery equalization system according to claim 13, wherein the controller comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected through one pin to the collection circuit and the equalization circuit that correspond to the same cell, and the pin is connected to the equalization circuit and the collection circuit through the channel. 15. The battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, obtain a target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, and control, according to the target equalization duration of the cell that needs enabling of equalization, the equalization circuit to discharge the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 16. A vehicle, comprising a battery equalization system according to claim 1. 17. A battery equalization method, applied to a vehicle that comprises the battery equalization system according to claim 1, wherein the battery equalization method comprises:
collecting, by a collection circuit, parameter information of cells in a battery pack; controlling, when it is determined, according to the parameter information of the cells in the battery pack, that a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization and that the vehicle is in an OFF gear, a power supply branch circuit to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system; and controlling, by a controller, an equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the battery equalization system further comprises a first power supply branch circuit connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and a second power supply branch circuit connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system;
the controlling a power supply branch circuit to get connected to a power supply unit and the battery equalization system comprises: controlling the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a connected state; and changing, by a vehicle body controller after the second power supply branch circuit is connected, the first power supply branch circuit from a connected state to a disconnected state. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the controlling the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a connected state comprises:
transmitting, by the controller, an equalization request to the vehicle body controller; and controlling, by the vehicle body controller after receiving the equalization request, the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a connected state. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
confirming, by the controller, that the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization; transmitting, by the controller, an equalization end request to the vehicle body controller; and controlling, by the vehicle body controller after receiving the equalization end request, the second power supply branch circuit to stay in a disconnected state. | 2,800 |
342,979 | 16,642,722 | 2,844 | The present disclosure relates to methods of reducing accelerated blood clearance of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition in a subject suffering from a disease and in need of treatment. The methods involve administering at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject suffering from a disease. The administration of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition can also be used to increase the circulation half-life of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition as well as restore the pharmacokinetics of the pegylated therapeutic composition in a subject having a high titer of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies. | 1. A method of reducing accelerated blood clearance of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition by anti-PEG antibodies in a subject suffering from a disease and in need of treatment thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
administering from about 0.1 to about 500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject suffering from a disease and in need of treatment with at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, and further wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to or simultaneously with the administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 0.5 to about 400 milligrams per kilogram. 3. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 1.0 to about 250 milligrams per kilogram. 4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 20 kDa, about 25 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 40 kDa, about 50 kDa, about 60 kDa, about 70 kDa, about 75 kDa, about 80 kDa, about 90 kDa, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 120 kDa, about 130 kDa, about 140 kDa, about 150 kDa, about 160 kDa, about 170 kDa, about 180 kDa, about 190 kDa, about 200 kDa or combinations thereof. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a geometry that is linear, branched, star-shaped or comb-shaped. 6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one high molecule weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject being administered the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 10. The method of claims 1-5 and 8-9, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 12. A method of increasing the circulation half-life of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition to be repeatedly administered to a subject suffering from a disease, the method comprising the step of:
administering from about 1 to about 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject that has previously been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition or that is known to possess a high titer of pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, and wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to or simultaneously with any subsequent or further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition to the subject. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 50 to about 2200 milligrams per kilogram. 14. The method of any of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 100 to about 2000 milligrams per kilogram. 15. The method of any one of claims 12-14, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 20 kDa, about 25 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 40 kDa, about 50 kDa, about 60 kDa, about 70 kDa, about 75 kDa, about 80 kDa, about 90 kDa, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 120 kDa, about 130 kDa, about 140 kDa, about 150 kDa, about 160 kDa, about 170 kDa, about 180 kDa, about 190 kDa, about 200 kDa or combinations thereof. 16. The method of any one of claims 12-15, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a geometry that is linear, branched, star-shaped or comb-shaped. 17. The method of any one of claims 12-16, wherein the at least one high molecule weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 18. The method of any one of claims 12-17, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 19. The method of any one of claims 12-18, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 21. The method of claims 12-16 and 19-20, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 23. A method of restoring the pharmacokinetics of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition that will be repeatedly administered to a subject suffering from a disease, the method comprising the step of:
administering from about 1 to about 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject that has previously been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to or simultaneously with any subsequent or further administration of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition to the subject, further wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition reduces the binding of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies to the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, and still further wherein the administration of the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition restores the pharmacokinetics of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the subject has a high titer of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition has an improved circulation half-life. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 50 to about 2200 milligrams per kilogram. 27. The method of any of claims 23-26, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 100 to about 2000 milligrams per kilogram. 28. The method of any one of claims 23-27, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 20 kDa, about 25 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 40 kDa, about 50 kDa, about 60 kDa, about 70 kDa, about 75 kDa, about 80 kDa, about 90 kDa, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 120 kDa, about 130 kDa, about 140 kDa, about 150 kDa, about 160 kDa, about 170 kDa, about 180 kDa, about 190 kDa, about 200 kDa or combinations thereof. 29. The method of any one of claims 23-28, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a geometry that is linear, branched, star-shaped or comb-shaped. 30. The method of any one of claims 23-29, wherein the at least one high molecule weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 31. The method of any one of claims 23-30, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 32. The method of any one of claims 23-31, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 34. The method of claims 23-29 and 32-33, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 36. A method of reducing the formation of anti-PEG antibodies in a suffering from a disease and in need of treatment or continued treatment thereof, the method comprising the step of:
administering from about 1 to about 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, about 10 to 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or about 10 to 2500 milligrams per kilogram of a combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject that either has previously not been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition or that has previously been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, wherein the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 200 Da to about 19 kDa. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 50 to about 2200 milligrams per kilogram. 38. The method of any of claims 36-37, wherein at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 100 to about 2000 milligrams per kilogram. 39. The method of any one of claims 36-38, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any treatment with at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 40. The method of any one of claims 36-38, wherein at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 41. The method of any one of claims 36-40, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 42. The method of any one of claims 36-41, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 44. The method of claims 36-43, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. | The present disclosure relates to methods of reducing accelerated blood clearance of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition in a subject suffering from a disease and in need of treatment. The methods involve administering at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject suffering from a disease. The administration of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition can also be used to increase the circulation half-life of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition as well as restore the pharmacokinetics of the pegylated therapeutic composition in a subject having a high titer of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies.1. A method of reducing accelerated blood clearance of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition by anti-PEG antibodies in a subject suffering from a disease and in need of treatment thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
administering from about 0.1 to about 500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject suffering from a disease and in need of treatment with at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, and further wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to or simultaneously with the administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 0.5 to about 400 milligrams per kilogram. 3. The method of any of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 1.0 to about 250 milligrams per kilogram. 4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 20 kDa, about 25 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 40 kDa, about 50 kDa, about 60 kDa, about 70 kDa, about 75 kDa, about 80 kDa, about 90 kDa, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 120 kDa, about 130 kDa, about 140 kDa, about 150 kDa, about 160 kDa, about 170 kDa, about 180 kDa, about 190 kDa, about 200 kDa or combinations thereof. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a geometry that is linear, branched, star-shaped or comb-shaped. 6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one high molecule weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject being administered the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 10. The method of claims 1-5 and 8-9, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 12. A method of increasing the circulation half-life of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition to be repeatedly administered to a subject suffering from a disease, the method comprising the step of:
administering from about 1 to about 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject that has previously been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition or that is known to possess a high titer of pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, and wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to or simultaneously with any subsequent or further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition to the subject. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 50 to about 2200 milligrams per kilogram. 14. The method of any of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 100 to about 2000 milligrams per kilogram. 15. The method of any one of claims 12-14, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 20 kDa, about 25 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 40 kDa, about 50 kDa, about 60 kDa, about 70 kDa, about 75 kDa, about 80 kDa, about 90 kDa, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 120 kDa, about 130 kDa, about 140 kDa, about 150 kDa, about 160 kDa, about 170 kDa, about 180 kDa, about 190 kDa, about 200 kDa or combinations thereof. 16. The method of any one of claims 12-15, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a geometry that is linear, branched, star-shaped or comb-shaped. 17. The method of any one of claims 12-16, wherein the at least one high molecule weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 18. The method of any one of claims 12-17, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 19. The method of any one of claims 12-18, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 21. The method of claims 12-16 and 19-20, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 23. A method of restoring the pharmacokinetics of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition that will be repeatedly administered to a subject suffering from a disease, the method comprising the step of:
administering from about 1 to about 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject that has previously been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to or simultaneously with any subsequent or further administration of at least one pegylated therapeutic composition to the subject, further wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition reduces the binding of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies to the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, and still further wherein the administration of the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition restores the pharmacokinetics of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the subject has a high titer of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition has an improved circulation half-life. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 50 to about 2200 milligrams per kilogram. 27. The method of any of claims 23-26, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 100 to about 2000 milligrams per kilogram. 28. The method of any one of claims 23-27, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 20 kDa, about 25 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 40 kDa, about 50 kDa, about 60 kDa, about 70 kDa, about 75 kDa, about 80 kDa, about 90 kDa, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 120 kDa, about 130 kDa, about 140 kDa, about 150 kDa, about 160 kDa, about 170 kDa, about 180 kDa, about 190 kDa, about 200 kDa or combinations thereof. 29. The method of any one of claims 23-28, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol has a geometry that is linear, branched, star-shaped or comb-shaped. 30. The method of any one of claims 23-29, wherein the at least one high molecule weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 31. The method of any one of claims 23-30, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 32. The method of any one of claims 23-31, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 34. The method of claims 23-29 and 32-33, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 36. A method of reducing the formation of anti-PEG antibodies in a suffering from a disease and in need of treatment or continued treatment thereof, the method comprising the step of:
administering from about 1 to about 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, about 10 to 2500 milligrams per kilogram of at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or about 10 to 2500 milligrams per kilogram of a combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition to a subject that either has previously not been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition or that has previously been administered at least one pegylated therapeutic composition, wherein the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 20 kDa to about 200 kDa, wherein the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition comprises at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of between about 200 Da to about 19 kDa. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 50 to about 2200 milligrams per kilogram. 38. The method of any of claims 36-37, wherein at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered in an amount of 100 to about 2000 milligrams per kilogram. 39. The method of any one of claims 36-38, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any treatment with at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 40. The method of any one of claims 36-38, wherein at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered prior to the subject receiving any further administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 41. The method of any one of claims 36-40, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered at least 30 seconds, at least 60 seconds, at least 90 seconds, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 17 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 19 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 21 hours, at least 22 hours, at least 23 hours or at least 24 hours prior to administration of the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 42. The method of any one of claims 36-41, wherein the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition comprises at least one protein, peptide, antibody, enzyme, liposome, aptamer, dendrimer, polymeric particle, micelle, inorganic nanoparticle or combinations thereof. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multi-specific antibody, an antibody fragment, or combinations thereof. 44. The method of claims 36-43, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is administered simultaneously with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition, at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition or combination of at least one high molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition and at least one low molecular weight polyethylene glycol composition is co-administered with the at least one pegylated therapeutic composition. | 2,800 |
342,980 | 16,642,691 | 2,844 | To suppress damage such as the formation of holes and wrinkles in laminated bodies constituting a bag. | 1. A bag having a storage section, comprising:
laminated bodies that include a sealant film positioned on an inner surface of the bag and at least one plastic film positioned on an outer surface side of the sealant film; and a seal section where inner surfaces of one pair of laminated bodies are joined together, wherein the seal section has an outer edge seal part that is positioned along an outer edge of the bag, and a steam-releasing seal part that is positioned closer to a center point side of the storage section than the outer edge seal part and that peels off due to an increase in pressure in the storage section, and the steam-releasing seal part peels off when the pressure in the storage section is 130 kPa or lower. 2. The bag according to claim 1, comprising: a non-seal section that is isolated from the storage section by the steam-releasing seal part and extends to the outer edge of the bag. 3. The bag according to claim 1, wherein
a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a machine direction is 800% or more, and a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a transverse direction is 1,050% or more. 4. The bag according to claim 1, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 5. The bag according to claim 3, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 6. The bag according to claim 2, wherein
a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a machine direction is 800% or more, and a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a transverse direction is 1,050% or more. 7. The bag according to claim 2, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 8. The bag according to claim 3, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 9. The bag according to claim 6, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 10. The bag according to claim 6, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 11. The bag according to claim 4, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 12. The bag according to claim 7, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 13. The bag according to claim 8, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 14. The bag according to claim 9, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. | To suppress damage such as the formation of holes and wrinkles in laminated bodies constituting a bag.1. A bag having a storage section, comprising:
laminated bodies that include a sealant film positioned on an inner surface of the bag and at least one plastic film positioned on an outer surface side of the sealant film; and a seal section where inner surfaces of one pair of laminated bodies are joined together, wherein the seal section has an outer edge seal part that is positioned along an outer edge of the bag, and a steam-releasing seal part that is positioned closer to a center point side of the storage section than the outer edge seal part and that peels off due to an increase in pressure in the storage section, and the steam-releasing seal part peels off when the pressure in the storage section is 130 kPa or lower. 2. The bag according to claim 1, comprising: a non-seal section that is isolated from the storage section by the steam-releasing seal part and extends to the outer edge of the bag. 3. The bag according to claim 1, wherein
a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a machine direction is 800% or more, and a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a transverse direction is 1,050% or more. 4. The bag according to claim 1, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 5. The bag according to claim 3, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 6. The bag according to claim 2, wherein
a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a machine direction is 800% or more, and a tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in a transverse direction is 1,050% or more. 7. The bag according to claim 2, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 8. The bag according to claim 3, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 9. The bag according to claim 6, wherein
a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the machine direction and a thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 45,000 or more, and a product of the tensile elongation (%) of the sealant film in the transverse direction and the thickness (μm) of the sealant film is 53,000 or more. 10. The bag according to claim 6, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 11. The bag according to claim 4, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 12. The bag according to claim 7, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 13. The bag according to claim 8, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. 14. The bag according to claim 9, wherein the sealant film includes a propylene/ethylene block copolymer and an elastomer. | 2,800 |
342,981 | 16,642,729 | 1,616 | This invention relates to compositions comprising water, an hydroxy-capped aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate (biological performance improving) adjuvant, a non-hydroxy-capped aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate and an agrochemical. | 1. A composition comprising
(i) water (ii) an hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate; (iii) a non-hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate; and (iv) an agrochemical. 2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 where the concentration of the agrochemical (iv) is from 50 g/l to 600 g/l. 3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 where the concentration of the hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate is from 100 g/l to 600 g/l. 4. A composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 where the molar ratio of (ii) to (iii) is from 9:1 to 1:9. 5. A composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 where the composition is an SC (suspension concentrate); an SL (soluble liquid); an EW (emulsion in water); an SE (suspension-emulsion); or a CS (capsule suspension). 6. A composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 where the hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate (ii) is a compound of formula (Ia):
Ra—O—[EO]na—H (Ia) 7. A composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 where the non-hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate (iii) is a compound of formula (Ib):
Rb—O-[EO]nb-(C═O)y—Xb (Ib)
where Rb is linear or singly or multiply branched C8-20 alkyl, or C8-20 alkenyl; nb is from 5 to 25; y is 0 or 1; and Xb comprises from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and is an aliphatic or an aromatic group. | This invention relates to compositions comprising water, an hydroxy-capped aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate (biological performance improving) adjuvant, a non-hydroxy-capped aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate and an agrochemical.1. A composition comprising
(i) water (ii) an hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate; (iii) a non-hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate; and (iv) an agrochemical. 2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 where the concentration of the agrochemical (iv) is from 50 g/l to 600 g/l. 3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 where the concentration of the hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate is from 100 g/l to 600 g/l. 4. A composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 where the molar ratio of (ii) to (iii) is from 9:1 to 1:9. 5. A composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 where the composition is an SC (suspension concentrate); an SL (soluble liquid); an EW (emulsion in water); an SE (suspension-emulsion); or a CS (capsule suspension). 6. A composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 where the hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate (ii) is a compound of formula (Ia):
Ra—O—[EO]na—H (Ia) 7. A composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 where the non-hydroxy-capped aliphatic ethoxylate (iii) is a compound of formula (Ib):
Rb—O-[EO]nb-(C═O)y—Xb (Ib)
where Rb is linear or singly or multiply branched C8-20 alkyl, or C8-20 alkenyl; nb is from 5 to 25; y is 0 or 1; and Xb comprises from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and is an aliphatic or an aromatic group. | 1,600 |
342,982 | 16,642,724 | 1,784 | A coated cutting tool includes a substrate with a coating having a total thickness of 0.25-30 μm. The coating has a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being a wear resistant PVD deposited layer having a thickness of 0.2-15 μm arranged between the substrate and the second layer, and wherein the second layer is a Cr layer. | 1. A coated cutting tool comprising a substrate with a coating having a total thickness of 0.25-30 μm, wherein the coating includes a first layer and a second layer, and wherein the first layer is a wear resistant PVD deposited layer having a thickness of 0.2-15 μm, the first layer being arranged between the substrate and the second layer, and wherein the second layer is a Cr layer, the Cr layer being an outermost layer of the coating. 2. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the Cr layer is 0.05-5 μm. 3. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the Cr layer is a PVD deposited layer. 4. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the Cr layer has a body-centered cubic structure with a crystallographic orientation relation of 0.3<R1<1, where R1=I(110)/(I(110)+I(200)+I(211)), and where I(110), I(200), and I(211) are the XRD peak areas as extracted from the pseudo-Voigt peak profile fitting results of θ-2θ scans obtained with CuKα radiation for the bcc structure, and Cr layer diffraction peaks, respectively. 5. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Ti1-xAlx)Ny layer with 0.1<x<0.7 and 0.6<y<1.1. 6. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a NaCl structure c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny layer, where 0.1<x<0.7, and 0.7<y<1.1. 7. The coated cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein 0.5<x<0.6. 8. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a NaCl structured (Ti1-vAlv)Nw/(Ti1-aSia)Nb nanolaminate with a sublayer thickness between 5 and 50 nm, and wherein 0.1<v<0.7, 0.7<w<1.1, 0.02<a<0.25, and 0.7<b<1.1. 9. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Ti1-mSim)Nn layer, where 0≤m<0.25, and 0.7<n<1.1. 10. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Cr1-cAlc)Nd layer, where 0.5<c<0.9, and 0.7<d<1.1. 11. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Cr1-eAle)2O3 layer, where 0.5<e<0.9. 12. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between the Cr layer thickness and the total coating thickness is between 0.01 and 2. 13. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer has a hardness H>20 GPa. 14. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer has a NaCl type structure and the Cr layer has a body-centered cubic structure, the ratio, R4, between the XRD peak intensity of the body-centered cubic Cr peak and the XRD peak intensity of the NaCl structure peak originating from the first layer is 0.05<R4<30, where XRD peak intensity is evaluated as the peak area extracted from the pseudo-Voigt peak profile fitting results of θ-2θ scans obtained with CuKα radiation. 15. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following: cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, steel and cubic boron nitride. 16. The coated cutting tool according to claim 15, wherein the cemented carbide includes WC and 4-15 wt % Co. 17. A method for producing of a coated cutting tool comprising the steps of:
applying a substrate of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, steel or cubic boron nitride with a hard and wear resistant coating having a thickness of 0.25-30 μm by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) techniques, such as cathodic arc deposition, wherein the coating includes a first layer and a second layer, the second layer being a Cr layer arranged as an outermost layer of the coating; growing the Cr layer by using pure Cr cathodes applying an evaporation current between 50 A and 200 A, a gas atmosphere containing pure Ar at a total gas pressure between 1.0 Pa and 7.0 Pa, and applying a deposition temperature between room temperature and 500° C. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising growing a first layer being a (Ti1-xAlx)Ny-layer, with 0.1<x<0.7 and 0.7<y<1.1, between the substrate and the Cr layer, by cathodic arc evaporation with an evaporation current between 50 A and 200 A using composite and/or alloyed (Ti,Al) cathodes, and in a reactive gas atmosphere containing N2 and optionally mixed with Ar, at a total gas pressure between 1.0 Pa and 7.0 Pa, with a negative substrate bias between 0 V and 300 V, at a temperature between 200° C. and 800° C. | A coated cutting tool includes a substrate with a coating having a total thickness of 0.25-30 μm. The coating has a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being a wear resistant PVD deposited layer having a thickness of 0.2-15 μm arranged between the substrate and the second layer, and wherein the second layer is a Cr layer.1. A coated cutting tool comprising a substrate with a coating having a total thickness of 0.25-30 μm, wherein the coating includes a first layer and a second layer, and wherein the first layer is a wear resistant PVD deposited layer having a thickness of 0.2-15 μm, the first layer being arranged between the substrate and the second layer, and wherein the second layer is a Cr layer, the Cr layer being an outermost layer of the coating. 2. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the Cr layer is 0.05-5 μm. 3. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the Cr layer is a PVD deposited layer. 4. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the Cr layer has a body-centered cubic structure with a crystallographic orientation relation of 0.3<R1<1, where R1=I(110)/(I(110)+I(200)+I(211)), and where I(110), I(200), and I(211) are the XRD peak areas as extracted from the pseudo-Voigt peak profile fitting results of θ-2θ scans obtained with CuKα radiation for the bcc structure, and Cr layer diffraction peaks, respectively. 5. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Ti1-xAlx)Ny layer with 0.1<x<0.7 and 0.6<y<1.1. 6. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a NaCl structure c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny layer, where 0.1<x<0.7, and 0.7<y<1.1. 7. The coated cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein 0.5<x<0.6. 8. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a NaCl structured (Ti1-vAlv)Nw/(Ti1-aSia)Nb nanolaminate with a sublayer thickness between 5 and 50 nm, and wherein 0.1<v<0.7, 0.7<w<1.1, 0.02<a<0.25, and 0.7<b<1.1. 9. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Ti1-mSim)Nn layer, where 0≤m<0.25, and 0.7<n<1.1. 10. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Cr1-cAlc)Nd layer, where 0.5<c<0.9, and 0.7<d<1.1. 11. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer is a (Cr1-eAle)2O3 layer, where 0.5<e<0.9. 12. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between the Cr layer thickness and the total coating thickness is between 0.01 and 2. 13. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer has a hardness H>20 GPa. 14. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first layer has a NaCl type structure and the Cr layer has a body-centered cubic structure, the ratio, R4, between the XRD peak intensity of the body-centered cubic Cr peak and the XRD peak intensity of the NaCl structure peak originating from the first layer is 0.05<R4<30, where XRD peak intensity is evaluated as the peak area extracted from the pseudo-Voigt peak profile fitting results of θ-2θ scans obtained with CuKα radiation. 15. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following: cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, steel and cubic boron nitride. 16. The coated cutting tool according to claim 15, wherein the cemented carbide includes WC and 4-15 wt % Co. 17. A method for producing of a coated cutting tool comprising the steps of:
applying a substrate of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, steel or cubic boron nitride with a hard and wear resistant coating having a thickness of 0.25-30 μm by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) techniques, such as cathodic arc deposition, wherein the coating includes a first layer and a second layer, the second layer being a Cr layer arranged as an outermost layer of the coating; growing the Cr layer by using pure Cr cathodes applying an evaporation current between 50 A and 200 A, a gas atmosphere containing pure Ar at a total gas pressure between 1.0 Pa and 7.0 Pa, and applying a deposition temperature between room temperature and 500° C. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising growing a first layer being a (Ti1-xAlx)Ny-layer, with 0.1<x<0.7 and 0.7<y<1.1, between the substrate and the Cr layer, by cathodic arc evaporation with an evaporation current between 50 A and 200 A using composite and/or alloyed (Ti,Al) cathodes, and in a reactive gas atmosphere containing N2 and optionally mixed with Ar, at a total gas pressure between 1.0 Pa and 7.0 Pa, with a negative substrate bias between 0 V and 300 V, at a temperature between 200° C. and 800° C. | 1,700 |
342,983 | 16,642,704 | 1,784 | The present invention provides a vaccine composition for treating or preventing cancer expressing VASH2, containing a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4. | 1. A vaccine composition for treating or preventing cancer expressing vasohibin-2 (VASH2), comprising either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein. 2. A vaccine composition for inhibiting metastasis of cancer expressing VASH2, comprising either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein. 3. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the peptide is amidated at the C-terminus. 4. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier protein is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), OSK-1, thyroglobulin (TG), and an immunoglobulin. 5. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the cancer expressing VASH2 is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, a testicular tumor, lung cancer, skin cancer, and a brain tumor. 6. A method for treating or preventing cancer expressing VASH2, comprising administering either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein; to a subject. 7. A method for inhibiting metastasis of cancer expressing VASH2, comprising administering either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein; to a subject. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the peptide is amidated at the C-terminus. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the carrier protein is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), OSK-1, thyroglobulin (TG), and an immunoglobulin. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the cancer expressing VASH2 is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, a testicular tumor, lung cancer, skin cancer, and a brain tumor. 11. An antibody against VASH2 or an immunologically active fragment thereof that specifically recognizes an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4. 12. A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the peptide is amidated at the C-terminus. 14. The method according to claim 7, wherein the carrier protein is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), OSK-1, thyroglobulin (TG), and an immunoglobulin. 15. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cancer expressing VASH2 is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, a testicular tumor, lung cancer, skin cancer, and a brain tumor. | The present invention provides a vaccine composition for treating or preventing cancer expressing VASH2, containing a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4.1. A vaccine composition for treating or preventing cancer expressing vasohibin-2 (VASH2), comprising either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein. 2. A vaccine composition for inhibiting metastasis of cancer expressing VASH2, comprising either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein. 3. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the peptide is amidated at the C-terminus. 4. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier protein is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), OSK-1, thyroglobulin (TG), and an immunoglobulin. 5. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the cancer expressing VASH2 is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, a testicular tumor, lung cancer, skin cancer, and a brain tumor. 6. A method for treating or preventing cancer expressing VASH2, comprising administering either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein; to a subject. 7. A method for inhibiting metastasis of cancer expressing VASH2, comprising administering either or both of:
(1) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; and (2) a peptide including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 conjugated with a carrier protein; to a subject. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the peptide is amidated at the C-terminus. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the carrier protein is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), OSK-1, thyroglobulin (TG), and an immunoglobulin. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the cancer expressing VASH2 is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, a testicular tumor, lung cancer, skin cancer, and a brain tumor. 11. An antibody against VASH2 or an immunologically active fragment thereof that specifically recognizes an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4. 12. A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the peptide is amidated at the C-terminus. 14. The method according to claim 7, wherein the carrier protein is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), OSK-1, thyroglobulin (TG), and an immunoglobulin. 15. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cancer expressing VASH2 is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, a testicular tumor, lung cancer, skin cancer, and a brain tumor. | 1,700 |
342,984 | 16,642,731 | 1,784 | A display device includes a display panel including a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, a plurality of a light-emitting units arranged at the display region; a touch circuit connected to the display panel, and configured to detect touch information when the display panel is touched; a control circuit connected to the touch circuit and the display panel, and configured to control a corresponding light-emitting unit to emit a predetermined light beam in response to the touch information; a photosensing circuit connected to the display panel and the control circuit, and configured to sense the predetermined light beam and convert it into an electric signal; and a data processor connected to the control circuit and the display panel, and configured to process the electric signal acquired by the photosensing circuit through conversion to acquire monitoring data, and display the monitoring data on the display panel. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a display panel comprising a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, the display panel comprising a plurality of a light-emitting units arranged at the display region; a touch circuit electrically connected to the display panel, and configured to detect touch information when the display panel is touched by a user; a control circuit electrically connected to the touch circuit and the display panel, and configured to control a corresponding light-emitting unit to emit a predetermined light beam in response to the touch information; a photosensing circuit electrically connected to the display panel and the control circuit, and configured to sense the predetermined light beam and convert it into an electric signal; and a data processor electrically connected to the control circuit and the display panel, and configured to process the electric signal acquired by the photosensing circuit through conversion to acquire monitoring data, and display the monitoring data on the display panel, wherein the touch circuit is further configured to transmit the touch information to the control circuit. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the touch information at least comprises touch position information. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to, upon the receipt of the touch information from the touch circuit, control a light-emitting unit at a touch position to interrupt a normal display operation and emit the predetermined light beam, and when a touch operation has been completed, control the light-emitting unit at the touch position to perform the normal display operation. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display panel further comprises a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit comprises a plurality of subpixels capable of emitting light beams in different colors, each subpixel corresponds to one of the light-emitting units, and the predetermined light beam is a light beam emitted by a first light-emitting unit corresponding to a subpixel in a first color. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined line beam is a green light beam. 6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the touch circuit comprises a touch layer arranged at a light-exiting side of the display panel and arranged at a position corresponding to the display region. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the photosensing circuit comprises a plurality of optical sensors arranged at a side of the display panel away from the touch layer and each arranged at a position corresponding to the display region. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein each optical sensor corresponds to at least one pixel units, and the photosensing circuit further comprises a first reception circuit configured to receive a control parameter for controlling the optical sensor at the touch position to be turned on or turned off. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display panel comprises: a base substrate; a driving circuit layer arranged at a side of the base substrate; the light-emitting units arranged at a side of the driving circuit layer away from the base substrate; and an encapsulation layer arranged at a side of the light-emitting unit away from the base substrate, wherein the optical sensors are integrated into the driving circuit layer, or attached to a side of the base substrate away from the light-emitting units. 10. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the base substrate is provided with a via-hole or a lens structure at a position corresponding to each optical sensor. 11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the touch information further comprises touch time, wherein the data processor comprises: a second reception circuit configured to receive the electric signal from the photosensing circuit, the electric signal comprising light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods; and a data integration circuit configured to integrate the light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods in accordance with the electric signal, so as to acquire the monitoring data. 12. A data monitoring method applied for the display device according to claim 1, comprising:
detecting, by the touch circuit, touch information when the display panel is touched by a user, and transmitting, by the touch circuit, the touch information to the control circuit; controlling, by the control circuit, a corresponding light-emitting unit to emit a predetermined light beam in response to the touch information; sensing, by the photosensing circuit, the predetermined light beam and converting it into an electric signal; and processing, by the data processor, the electric signal acquired by the photosensing circuit through conversion to acquire monitoring data, and displaying the monitoring data on the display panel. 13. The data monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein the controlling, by the control circuit, the corresponding light-emitting unit to emit the predetermined light beam in response to the touch information comprises:
upon the receipt of the touch information from the touch circuit, controlling, by the control circuit, the light-emitting unit at a touch position to interrupt a normal display operation and emit the predetermined light beam, and when a touch operation has been completed, controlling the light-emitting unit at the touch position to perform the normal display operation. 14. The data monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein the predetermined line beam is a green light beam. 15. The data monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein prior to sensing, by the photosensing circuit, the predetermined light beam and converting it into the electric signal, the data monitoring method further comprises receiving, by the photosensing circuit, a control parameter for controlling the optical sensor at the touch position to be turned on or turned off. 16. The data monitoring method according to claim 15, wherein the data processor is further configured to: receive the electric signal from the photosensing circuit, the electric signal comprising light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods; and integrate the light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods in accordance with the electric signal, so as to acquire the monitoring data. | A display device includes a display panel including a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, a plurality of a light-emitting units arranged at the display region; a touch circuit connected to the display panel, and configured to detect touch information when the display panel is touched; a control circuit connected to the touch circuit and the display panel, and configured to control a corresponding light-emitting unit to emit a predetermined light beam in response to the touch information; a photosensing circuit connected to the display panel and the control circuit, and configured to sense the predetermined light beam and convert it into an electric signal; and a data processor connected to the control circuit and the display panel, and configured to process the electric signal acquired by the photosensing circuit through conversion to acquire monitoring data, and display the monitoring data on the display panel.1. A display device, comprising:
a display panel comprising a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, the display panel comprising a plurality of a light-emitting units arranged at the display region; a touch circuit electrically connected to the display panel, and configured to detect touch information when the display panel is touched by a user; a control circuit electrically connected to the touch circuit and the display panel, and configured to control a corresponding light-emitting unit to emit a predetermined light beam in response to the touch information; a photosensing circuit electrically connected to the display panel and the control circuit, and configured to sense the predetermined light beam and convert it into an electric signal; and a data processor electrically connected to the control circuit and the display panel, and configured to process the electric signal acquired by the photosensing circuit through conversion to acquire monitoring data, and display the monitoring data on the display panel, wherein the touch circuit is further configured to transmit the touch information to the control circuit. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the touch information at least comprises touch position information. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to, upon the receipt of the touch information from the touch circuit, control a light-emitting unit at a touch position to interrupt a normal display operation and emit the predetermined light beam, and when a touch operation has been completed, control the light-emitting unit at the touch position to perform the normal display operation. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display panel further comprises a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit comprises a plurality of subpixels capable of emitting light beams in different colors, each subpixel corresponds to one of the light-emitting units, and the predetermined light beam is a light beam emitted by a first light-emitting unit corresponding to a subpixel in a first color. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined line beam is a green light beam. 6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the touch circuit comprises a touch layer arranged at a light-exiting side of the display panel and arranged at a position corresponding to the display region. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the photosensing circuit comprises a plurality of optical sensors arranged at a side of the display panel away from the touch layer and each arranged at a position corresponding to the display region. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein each optical sensor corresponds to at least one pixel units, and the photosensing circuit further comprises a first reception circuit configured to receive a control parameter for controlling the optical sensor at the touch position to be turned on or turned off. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display panel comprises: a base substrate; a driving circuit layer arranged at a side of the base substrate; the light-emitting units arranged at a side of the driving circuit layer away from the base substrate; and an encapsulation layer arranged at a side of the light-emitting unit away from the base substrate, wherein the optical sensors are integrated into the driving circuit layer, or attached to a side of the base substrate away from the light-emitting units. 10. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the base substrate is provided with a via-hole or a lens structure at a position corresponding to each optical sensor. 11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the touch information further comprises touch time, wherein the data processor comprises: a second reception circuit configured to receive the electric signal from the photosensing circuit, the electric signal comprising light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods; and a data integration circuit configured to integrate the light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods in accordance with the electric signal, so as to acquire the monitoring data. 12. A data monitoring method applied for the display device according to claim 1, comprising:
detecting, by the touch circuit, touch information when the display panel is touched by a user, and transmitting, by the touch circuit, the touch information to the control circuit; controlling, by the control circuit, a corresponding light-emitting unit to emit a predetermined light beam in response to the touch information; sensing, by the photosensing circuit, the predetermined light beam and converting it into an electric signal; and processing, by the data processor, the electric signal acquired by the photosensing circuit through conversion to acquire monitoring data, and displaying the monitoring data on the display panel. 13. The data monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein the controlling, by the control circuit, the corresponding light-emitting unit to emit the predetermined light beam in response to the touch information comprises:
upon the receipt of the touch information from the touch circuit, controlling, by the control circuit, the light-emitting unit at a touch position to interrupt a normal display operation and emit the predetermined light beam, and when a touch operation has been completed, controlling the light-emitting unit at the touch position to perform the normal display operation. 14. The data monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein the predetermined line beam is a green light beam. 15. The data monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein prior to sensing, by the photosensing circuit, the predetermined light beam and converting it into the electric signal, the data monitoring method further comprises receiving, by the photosensing circuit, a control parameter for controlling the optical sensor at the touch position to be turned on or turned off. 16. The data monitoring method according to claim 15, wherein the data processor is further configured to: receive the electric signal from the photosensing circuit, the electric signal comprising light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods; and integrate the light intensity wave-shaped curves sensed by the photosensing circuit within different time periods in accordance with the electric signal, so as to acquire the monitoring data. | 1,700 |
342,985 | 16,642,698 | 1,784 | Embodiment of a method and apparatus for prompting events in live streaming are provided. The method comprises: acquiring an image from a live streaming video; detecting whether the image contains an image region matching with a preset face image; in response to detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, detecting whether a preset event occurs; and in response to detecting that the preset event occurs, presenting first prompt information for prompting occurrence of the preset event. With the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, during the live streaming, when the streamer does not face the screen or the streamer is not presented in the live streaming video and a preset event occurs, the streamer can be effectively prompted, so that the streamer aware of the occurrence of the event. This allows the streamer to make a timely response to the event that occurs, which can increase enthusiasm of the viewers, and thus to obtain more support and receive more gifts from the viewers. | 1. A method for prompting events in live streaming, comprising:
acquiring an image from a live streaming video; detecting whether the image contains an image region matching with a preset face image; in response to detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, detecting whether a preset event occurs; and in response to detecting that the preset event occurs, presenting first prompt information for prompting occurrence of the preset event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset face image is a full face image of a streamer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of detecting whether the image contains the image region matching with the preset face image comprises:
detecting whether the image contains a first face region; if not, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image; if so, determining whether the first face region matches with the full face image; and in response to determining that the first face region does not match with the full face image, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of determining whether the first face region matches with the full face image comprises:
extracting first facial features of the first face region; comparing the extracted first facial features with respective facial features of the full face image; calculating the number of the first facial features that match with the facial features of the full face image; determining whether the number is less than a preset first threshold; and in response to determining that the number is less than the preset first threshold, determining that the first face region does not match with the full face image. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting second prompt information for prompting the streamer to show the streamer's face in the live streaming video. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset face image is an eye image of a streamer; and
wherein the step of detecting whether the image contains the image region matching with the preset face image comprises: obtaining a first eye region of eyes of the streamer in the image; determining whether the first eye region matches with the eye image; and in response to determining that the first eye region does not match with the eye image, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining whether the first eye region matches with the eye image comprises:
extracting first eye features of the first eye region; comparing the extracted first eye features with respective eye features of the eye image; calculating the number of the first eye features that match with the eye features of the eye image; determining whether the number is less than a preset second threshold; and in response to determining that the number is less than the preset second threshold, determining that the first eye region does not match with the eye image. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting third prompt information for prompting the streamer to face a screen. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to detecting that the image contains an image region matching with the preset face image, the method further comprises:
obtaining a second face region of a face of the streamer in the image, which matches with the preset face image; calculating a ratio of area of the second face region to the image; determining whether the ratio is greater than a preset third threshold; and in response to determining that the ratio is not greater than the preset third threshold, presenting fourth prompt information for prompting a streamer to adjust a distance between the streamer and a screen. 10. (canceled) 11. An apparatus for prompting events in live streaming, comprising:
an acquiring module, configured for acquiring an image from a live streaming video; a first detecting module, configured for detecting whether the image contains an image region matching with a preset face image; a second detecting module, configured for, when the first detecting module detects that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, detecting whether a preset event occurs; and a first prompt module, configured for, when the second detecting module detects that the preset event occurs, presenting first prompt information for prompting occurrence of the preset event. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the preset face image is a full face image of a streamer. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the first detecting module comprises:
a detecting sub-module, configured for detecting whether the image contains a first face region; a first determination sub-module, configured for, when the detecting sub-module detects that the image does not contain the first face region, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image; and a first determining sub-module, configured for, when the detecting sub-module detects that the image contains the first face region, determining whether the first face region matches with the full face image; and if not, triggering the first determination sub-module. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first determining sub-module comprises:
a first extracting unit, configured for extracting first facial features of the first face region; a first comparing unit, configured for comparing the extracted first facial features with respective facial features of the full face image; a first counting unit, configured for calculating the number of the first facial features that match with the facial features of the full face image; a first determining unit, configured for determining whether the number is less than a preset first threshold; and a first determination unit, configured for, when the first determining unit determines that the number is less than the preset first threshold, determining that the first face region does not match with the full face image. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a second prompt module, configured for, after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting second prompt information for prompting the streamer to show the streamer's face in the live streaming video. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the preset face image is an eye image of a streamer; and
wherein the first detecting module comprises: an obtaining sub-module, configured for obtaining a first eye region of eyes of the streamer in the image; a second determining sub-module, configured for determining whether the first eye region matches with the eye image; and a second determination sub-module, configured for, when the second determining sub-module determines that the first eye region does not match with the eye image, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the second determining sub-module comprises:
a second extracting unit, configured for extracting first eye features of the first eye region; a second comparing unit, configured for comparing the extracted first eye features with respective eye features of the eye image; a second counting unit, configured for calculating the number of the first eye features that match with the eye features of the eye image; a second determining unit, configured for determining whether the number is less than a preset second threshold; and a second determination unit, configured for, when the second determining unit determines that the number is less than the preset second threshold, determining that the first eye region does not match with the eye image. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
a third prompt module, configured for, after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting third prompt information for prompting the streamer to face a screen. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein when detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, the apparatus further comprises:
an obtaining module, configured for obtaining a second face region of a face of the streamer in the image, which matches with the face image; a calculating module, configured for calculating a ratio of area of the second face region to the image; a determining module, configured for determining whether the ratio is greater than a preset third threshold; and a fourth prompt module, configured for, when the determining module determines that the ratio is not greater than the preset third threshold, presenting fourth prompt information for prompting a streamer to adjust a distance between the streamer and a screen. 20. (canceled) 21. An electronic device comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus;
the memory is configured to store a computer program; and the processor is configured to perform the steps of the method of claim 1 when executing the program stored on the memory. 22. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of the method of claim 1. | Embodiment of a method and apparatus for prompting events in live streaming are provided. The method comprises: acquiring an image from a live streaming video; detecting whether the image contains an image region matching with a preset face image; in response to detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, detecting whether a preset event occurs; and in response to detecting that the preset event occurs, presenting first prompt information for prompting occurrence of the preset event. With the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, during the live streaming, when the streamer does not face the screen or the streamer is not presented in the live streaming video and a preset event occurs, the streamer can be effectively prompted, so that the streamer aware of the occurrence of the event. This allows the streamer to make a timely response to the event that occurs, which can increase enthusiasm of the viewers, and thus to obtain more support and receive more gifts from the viewers.1. A method for prompting events in live streaming, comprising:
acquiring an image from a live streaming video; detecting whether the image contains an image region matching with a preset face image; in response to detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, detecting whether a preset event occurs; and in response to detecting that the preset event occurs, presenting first prompt information for prompting occurrence of the preset event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset face image is a full face image of a streamer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of detecting whether the image contains the image region matching with the preset face image comprises:
detecting whether the image contains a first face region; if not, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image; if so, determining whether the first face region matches with the full face image; and in response to determining that the first face region does not match with the full face image, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of determining whether the first face region matches with the full face image comprises:
extracting first facial features of the first face region; comparing the extracted first facial features with respective facial features of the full face image; calculating the number of the first facial features that match with the facial features of the full face image; determining whether the number is less than a preset first threshold; and in response to determining that the number is less than the preset first threshold, determining that the first face region does not match with the full face image. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting second prompt information for prompting the streamer to show the streamer's face in the live streaming video. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset face image is an eye image of a streamer; and
wherein the step of detecting whether the image contains the image region matching with the preset face image comprises: obtaining a first eye region of eyes of the streamer in the image; determining whether the first eye region matches with the eye image; and in response to determining that the first eye region does not match with the eye image, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining whether the first eye region matches with the eye image comprises:
extracting first eye features of the first eye region; comparing the extracted first eye features with respective eye features of the eye image; calculating the number of the first eye features that match with the eye features of the eye image; determining whether the number is less than a preset second threshold; and in response to determining that the number is less than the preset second threshold, determining that the first eye region does not match with the eye image. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting third prompt information for prompting the streamer to face a screen. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to detecting that the image contains an image region matching with the preset face image, the method further comprises:
obtaining a second face region of a face of the streamer in the image, which matches with the preset face image; calculating a ratio of area of the second face region to the image; determining whether the ratio is greater than a preset third threshold; and in response to determining that the ratio is not greater than the preset third threshold, presenting fourth prompt information for prompting a streamer to adjust a distance between the streamer and a screen. 10. (canceled) 11. An apparatus for prompting events in live streaming, comprising:
an acquiring module, configured for acquiring an image from a live streaming video; a first detecting module, configured for detecting whether the image contains an image region matching with a preset face image; a second detecting module, configured for, when the first detecting module detects that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, detecting whether a preset event occurs; and a first prompt module, configured for, when the second detecting module detects that the preset event occurs, presenting first prompt information for prompting occurrence of the preset event. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the preset face image is a full face image of a streamer. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the first detecting module comprises:
a detecting sub-module, configured for detecting whether the image contains a first face region; a first determination sub-module, configured for, when the detecting sub-module detects that the image does not contain the first face region, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image; and a first determining sub-module, configured for, when the detecting sub-module detects that the image contains the first face region, determining whether the first face region matches with the full face image; and if not, triggering the first determination sub-module. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first determining sub-module comprises:
a first extracting unit, configured for extracting first facial features of the first face region; a first comparing unit, configured for comparing the extracted first facial features with respective facial features of the full face image; a first counting unit, configured for calculating the number of the first facial features that match with the facial features of the full face image; a first determining unit, configured for determining whether the number is less than a preset first threshold; and a first determination unit, configured for, when the first determining unit determines that the number is less than the preset first threshold, determining that the first face region does not match with the full face image. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a second prompt module, configured for, after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting second prompt information for prompting the streamer to show the streamer's face in the live streaming video. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the preset face image is an eye image of a streamer; and
wherein the first detecting module comprises: an obtaining sub-module, configured for obtaining a first eye region of eyes of the streamer in the image; a second determining sub-module, configured for determining whether the first eye region matches with the eye image; and a second determination sub-module, configured for, when the second determining sub-module determines that the first eye region does not match with the eye image, determining that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the second determining sub-module comprises:
a second extracting unit, configured for extracting first eye features of the first eye region; a second comparing unit, configured for comparing the extracted first eye features with respective eye features of the eye image; a second counting unit, configured for calculating the number of the first eye features that match with the eye features of the eye image; a second determining unit, configured for determining whether the number is less than a preset second threshold; and a second determination unit, configured for, when the second determining unit determines that the number is less than the preset second threshold, determining that the first eye region does not match with the eye image. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
a third prompt module, configured for, after detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image and before detecting whether the preset event occurs, presenting third prompt information for prompting the streamer to face a screen. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein when detecting that the image contains no image region matching with the preset face image, the apparatus further comprises:
an obtaining module, configured for obtaining a second face region of a face of the streamer in the image, which matches with the face image; a calculating module, configured for calculating a ratio of area of the second face region to the image; a determining module, configured for determining whether the ratio is greater than a preset third threshold; and a fourth prompt module, configured for, when the determining module determines that the ratio is not greater than the preset third threshold, presenting fourth prompt information for prompting a streamer to adjust a distance between the streamer and a screen. 20. (canceled) 21. An electronic device comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus;
the memory is configured to store a computer program; and the processor is configured to perform the steps of the method of claim 1 when executing the program stored on the memory. 22. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of the method of claim 1. | 1,700 |
342,986 | 16,642,710 | 1,784 | An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device may include an antenna for transmitting and receiving a signal in an RF frequency band, and an RF circuit for processing the signal in the RF frequency band. The RF circuit may include an Rx path for transferring a first signal received through the antenna, a Tx path for transferring a second signal output from an amplifier to the antenna, and a coupler for transferring at least a part of the second signal obtained in the Tx path to the Rx path. In addition, various embodiments understood from the specification are possible. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
an antenna configured to transmit and receive a signal in an radio frequency (RF) frequency band; and an RF circuit configured to process the signal in the RF frequency band, wherein the RF circuit includes an Rx path configured to transfer a first signal received through the antenna; a Tx path configured to transfer a second signal output from an amplifier to the antenna; and a coupler configured to transfer at least a part of the second signal obtained in the Tx path to the Rx path. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a low noise amplifier; and a down converter configured to convert the first signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal based on a local oscillator (LO) signal and the first signal. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the Rx path includes a selection circuit configured to selects at least a part of the first signal or the second signal. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the selection circuit is disposed between the low noise amplifier and the down converter, and
wherein the low noise amplifier is electrically connected to the antenna. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the selection circuit includes a switch including a first terminal electrically connected to the low noise amplifier, a second terminal electrically connected to the coupler, and a third terminal connected to the down converter, and
wherein the switch is configured to selectively connect the first terminal and the second terminal to the third terminal. 6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the LO signal includes LO+ and LO− signals. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the Rx path includes a balun electrically connected to an output terminal of the down converter. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the Tx path includes a power divider configured to distribute power for the antenna, and
wherein the coupler is electrically connected to an input terminal of the power divider. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the Tx path includes an up converter configured to convert the second signal into a signal in the RF frequency band, and
wherein the coupler is electrically connected to an output terminal of the up converter. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the Tx path includes a power amplifier configured to amplify power of the second signal, and
wherein the coupler is electrically connected to an output terminal of the power amplifier. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, further comprising:
a combiner configured to combine outputs of the coupler between the coupler and the switch. 12. An radio frequency (RF) circuit, comprising:
an Rx path including a low noise amplifier and a down converter configured to convert an Rx signal into an IF signal based on the Rx signal and a first local oscillator (LO) signal, a Tx path including an up converter configured to convert a Tx signal into a signal in an mmWave band based on a second local oscillator and the Tx signal; and a coupling path configured to transfer at least a part of the Tx signal to the Rx path. 13. The RF circuit of claim 12, further comprising:
a selection circuit configured to selectively transfer a coupled signal or the Rx signal through the Rx path. 14. The RF circuit of claim 13, wherein the selection circuit is disposed between the low noise amplifier and the down converter. 15. The RF circuit of claim 12, wherein the Tx path includes a power amplifier and a coupler, and
wherein the coupler is disposed between the power amplifier and the up converter. | An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device may include an antenna for transmitting and receiving a signal in an RF frequency band, and an RF circuit for processing the signal in the RF frequency band. The RF circuit may include an Rx path for transferring a first signal received through the antenna, a Tx path for transferring a second signal output from an amplifier to the antenna, and a coupler for transferring at least a part of the second signal obtained in the Tx path to the Rx path. In addition, various embodiments understood from the specification are possible.1. An electronic device comprising:
an antenna configured to transmit and receive a signal in an radio frequency (RF) frequency band; and an RF circuit configured to process the signal in the RF frequency band, wherein the RF circuit includes an Rx path configured to transfer a first signal received through the antenna; a Tx path configured to transfer a second signal output from an amplifier to the antenna; and a coupler configured to transfer at least a part of the second signal obtained in the Tx path to the Rx path. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a low noise amplifier; and a down converter configured to convert the first signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal based on a local oscillator (LO) signal and the first signal. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the Rx path includes a selection circuit configured to selects at least a part of the first signal or the second signal. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the selection circuit is disposed between the low noise amplifier and the down converter, and
wherein the low noise amplifier is electrically connected to the antenna. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the selection circuit includes a switch including a first terminal electrically connected to the low noise amplifier, a second terminal electrically connected to the coupler, and a third terminal connected to the down converter, and
wherein the switch is configured to selectively connect the first terminal and the second terminal to the third terminal. 6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the LO signal includes LO+ and LO− signals. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the Rx path includes a balun electrically connected to an output terminal of the down converter. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the Tx path includes a power divider configured to distribute power for the antenna, and
wherein the coupler is electrically connected to an input terminal of the power divider. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the Tx path includes an up converter configured to convert the second signal into a signal in the RF frequency band, and
wherein the coupler is electrically connected to an output terminal of the up converter. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the Tx path includes a power amplifier configured to amplify power of the second signal, and
wherein the coupler is electrically connected to an output terminal of the power amplifier. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, further comprising:
a combiner configured to combine outputs of the coupler between the coupler and the switch. 12. An radio frequency (RF) circuit, comprising:
an Rx path including a low noise amplifier and a down converter configured to convert an Rx signal into an IF signal based on the Rx signal and a first local oscillator (LO) signal, a Tx path including an up converter configured to convert a Tx signal into a signal in an mmWave band based on a second local oscillator and the Tx signal; and a coupling path configured to transfer at least a part of the Tx signal to the Rx path. 13. The RF circuit of claim 12, further comprising:
a selection circuit configured to selectively transfer a coupled signal or the Rx signal through the Rx path. 14. The RF circuit of claim 13, wherein the selection circuit is disposed between the low noise amplifier and the down converter. 15. The RF circuit of claim 12, wherein the Tx path includes a power amplifier and a coupler, and
wherein the coupler is disposed between the power amplifier and the up converter. | 1,700 |
342,987 | 16,642,745 | 3,774 | The present disclosure relates to an artificial ankle joint talus component and, more particularly, to an artificial ankle joint talus component including a joint surface in contact with an insert and a contact surface in contact with a bone, wherein the contact surface may be formed to be complementary to a resected surface of a talus so as to cover the entire resected surface, thereby dispersing stress, and reducing after-effects of surgery, such as osteolysis, heterotopic ossification, or the like. | 1. An implant that is implanted into a body, the implant comprising a contact surface having a shape complementary to a resected surface of a bone into which the implant is implanted so as to increase contact area with respect to the bone, thereby distributing stress and mitigating side effects after surgery. 2. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant is a talus component coupled to a talus in artificial ankle joint arthroplasty,
wherein the talus component comprises a joint surface in contact with an insert, and wherein the joint surface is formed to have a curvature in an anterior and posterior direction so as to enable a joint motion of an ankle. 3. The implant of claim 2, wherein the joint surface comprises a medial joint surface positioned at a medial side, a lateral joint surface positioned at a lateral side, and a connection joint surface for connecting the medial joint surface and the lateral joint surface. 4. The implant of claim 3, wherein a posterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the posterior, and
wherein the joint surface extends to the posterior boundary of the contact surface toward the posterior while having a curvature to maintain a large contact area with the talus, thereby distributing stress, mitigating side effects after surgery, and enabling a motion in a wide range. 5. The implant of claim 3, wherein an anterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the anterior, and
wherein the joint surface extends to the anterior boundary of the contact surface toward the anterior while having a curvature to maintain a large contact area with the talus, thereby distributing stress, mitigating side effects after surgery, and enabling a motion in a wide range. 6. The implant of claim 3, wherein a posterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the posterior,
wherein the joint surface extends to the posterior boundary of the contact surface toward the posterior while having a curvature, wherein an anterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the anterior, and wherein the joint surface extends to the anterior boundary of the contact surface toward the anterior while having a curvature to maintain a large contact area with the talus, thereby distributing stress, mitigating side effects after surgery, and enabling a motion in a wide range. 7. The implant of claim 4, wherein tangents of a posterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and a posterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other. 8. The implant of claim 5, wherein tangents of an anterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and an anterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other. 9. The implant of claim 6, wherein tangents of a posterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and a posterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other, and
wherein tangents of an anterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and an anterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other. 10. The implant of claim 7, wherein the slope of the tangent of each boundary approaches zero as it approaches the connection joint surface. 11. The implant of claim 2, wherein the talus component is formed in a truncated cone shape in which the width thereof increases as it goes from the posterior to the anterior thereof so as to have a shape complementary to the resected surface of the talus, thereby minimizing an amount of bone to be removed, increasing the contact area to distribute stress, and mitigating side effects after surgery. 12. The implant of claim 2, wherein the contact surface comprises an anterior surface inclined to one side in the anterior portion, an intermediate surface formed in a plane at the center thereof, and a posterior surface inclined to one side in the posterior portion, thereby minimizing an amount of bone to be removed. 13. The implant of claim 12, further comprising a peg extending from the intermediate surface to a distal end. 14. The implant of claim 13, wherein the peg extends to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the posterior. 15. The implant of claim 14, wherein the peg is inclined at 60 to 70 degrees toward the posterior. | The present disclosure relates to an artificial ankle joint talus component and, more particularly, to an artificial ankle joint talus component including a joint surface in contact with an insert and a contact surface in contact with a bone, wherein the contact surface may be formed to be complementary to a resected surface of a talus so as to cover the entire resected surface, thereby dispersing stress, and reducing after-effects of surgery, such as osteolysis, heterotopic ossification, or the like.1. An implant that is implanted into a body, the implant comprising a contact surface having a shape complementary to a resected surface of a bone into which the implant is implanted so as to increase contact area with respect to the bone, thereby distributing stress and mitigating side effects after surgery. 2. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant is a talus component coupled to a talus in artificial ankle joint arthroplasty,
wherein the talus component comprises a joint surface in contact with an insert, and wherein the joint surface is formed to have a curvature in an anterior and posterior direction so as to enable a joint motion of an ankle. 3. The implant of claim 2, wherein the joint surface comprises a medial joint surface positioned at a medial side, a lateral joint surface positioned at a lateral side, and a connection joint surface for connecting the medial joint surface and the lateral joint surface. 4. The implant of claim 3, wherein a posterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the posterior, and
wherein the joint surface extends to the posterior boundary of the contact surface toward the posterior while having a curvature to maintain a large contact area with the talus, thereby distributing stress, mitigating side effects after surgery, and enabling a motion in a wide range. 5. The implant of claim 3, wherein an anterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the anterior, and
wherein the joint surface extends to the anterior boundary of the contact surface toward the anterior while having a curvature to maintain a large contact area with the talus, thereby distributing stress, mitigating side effects after surgery, and enabling a motion in a wide range. 6. The implant of claim 3, wherein a posterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the posterior,
wherein the joint surface extends to the posterior boundary of the contact surface toward the posterior while having a curvature, wherein an anterior boundary of the contact surface has a gentle arc shape, which is formed to be convex toward the anterior, and wherein the joint surface extends to the anterior boundary of the contact surface toward the anterior while having a curvature to maintain a large contact area with the talus, thereby distributing stress, mitigating side effects after surgery, and enabling a motion in a wide range. 7. The implant of claim 4, wherein tangents of a posterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and a posterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other. 8. The implant of claim 5, wherein tangents of an anterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and an anterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other. 9. The implant of claim 6, wherein tangents of a posterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and a posterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other, and
wherein tangents of an anterior medial boundary of the medial joint surface and an anterior lateral boundary of the lateral joint surface continuously extend toward the connection joint surface while having slopes opposite to each other and lead to each other. 10. The implant of claim 7, wherein the slope of the tangent of each boundary approaches zero as it approaches the connection joint surface. 11. The implant of claim 2, wherein the talus component is formed in a truncated cone shape in which the width thereof increases as it goes from the posterior to the anterior thereof so as to have a shape complementary to the resected surface of the talus, thereby minimizing an amount of bone to be removed, increasing the contact area to distribute stress, and mitigating side effects after surgery. 12. The implant of claim 2, wherein the contact surface comprises an anterior surface inclined to one side in the anterior portion, an intermediate surface formed in a plane at the center thereof, and a posterior surface inclined to one side in the posterior portion, thereby minimizing an amount of bone to be removed. 13. The implant of claim 12, further comprising a peg extending from the intermediate surface to a distal end. 14. The implant of claim 13, wherein the peg extends to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the posterior. 15. The implant of claim 14, wherein the peg is inclined at 60 to 70 degrees toward the posterior. | 3,700 |
342,988 | 16,642,705 | 3,774 | A stator for an electrical rotating machine, in particular for use in a pod drive, includes a laminated stator core having coils. Each coil has a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion. The winding overhang portion is configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body. Each conducting track is formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other. Conductors extend in the groove portion, with each conductor formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. | 1.-15. (canceled) 16. A stator for an electrical rotating machine, in particular for use in a pod drive, said stator comprising:
a laminated stator core having coils, each coil having a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion, said winding overhang portion configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body, each of the conducting tracks formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other; and conductors extending in the groove portion, with each of the conductors formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. 17. The stator of claim 16, wherein the number of partial conductors is different from the number of partial conducting tracks. 18. The stator of claim 16, wherein the partial conductors are twisted. 19. The stator of claim 16, wherein the partial conductors are twisted in a manner of a Roebel bar. 20. The stator of claim 16, wherein the conductors in the groove portion and the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are connected with a material bond in the connecting portion. 21. The stator of claim 20, wherein the material bond is established using nanoparticles. 22. The stator of claim 20, wherein the material bond is established using silver nanoparticles. 23. The stator of claim 16, further comprising metallic connecting elements arranged in the connecting portion between the conductors in the groove portion and the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion. 24. The stator of claim 23, wherein the metallic connecting elements are wedge-shaped. 25. The stator of claim 16, wherein the coil has at least two windings, and further comprising a conductor insulation arranged in a meandering shape and electrically insulating the conductors of a respective one of the windings. 26. The stator of claim 16, wherein the coil has at least two windings, and further comprising a conductor insulation arranged in a meandering shape and electrically insulating the conductors of a respective one of the windings in the groove portion. 27. The stator of claim 16, further comprising cooling ducts arranged in the stator winding overhang board. 28. The stator of claim 27, wherein the partial conducting tracks are arranged around the cooling ducts. 29. The stator of claim 27, wherein the partial conducting tracks are arranged equidistantly around the cooling ducts. 30. The stator of claim 16, wherein the stator winding overhang board is at least partially produced using an additive manufacturing method. 31. An electrical rotating machine, comprising a stator, said stator comprising a laminated stator core having coils, each coil having a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion, said winding overhang portion configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body, each of the conducting tracks formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other, and conductors extending in the groove portion, with each of the conductors formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. 32. A pod drive, comprising an electrical rotating machine, said electrical rotating machine comprising a stator, said stator comprising a laminated stator core having coils, each coil having a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion, said winding overhang portion configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body, each of the conducting tracks formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other, and conductors extending in the groove portion, with each of the conductors formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. 33. A watercraft, in particular a ship, comprising a pod drive as set forth in claim 32. 34. A method for manufacturing a stator for an electrical rotating machine, said method comprising:
placing a stator winding overhang board on an end face of a laminated stator core; and connecting conductors in a groove portion of a coil of the laminated stator core and conducting tracks of a winding overhang portion of the coil. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the conductors in the groove portion and the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion of the coil are connected with a material bond. | A stator for an electrical rotating machine, in particular for use in a pod drive, includes a laminated stator core having coils. Each coil has a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion. The winding overhang portion is configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body. Each conducting track is formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other. Conductors extend in the groove portion, with each conductor formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion.1.-15. (canceled) 16. A stator for an electrical rotating machine, in particular for use in a pod drive, said stator comprising:
a laminated stator core having coils, each coil having a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion, said winding overhang portion configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body, each of the conducting tracks formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other; and conductors extending in the groove portion, with each of the conductors formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. 17. The stator of claim 16, wherein the number of partial conductors is different from the number of partial conducting tracks. 18. The stator of claim 16, wherein the partial conductors are twisted. 19. The stator of claim 16, wherein the partial conductors are twisted in a manner of a Roebel bar. 20. The stator of claim 16, wherein the conductors in the groove portion and the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are connected with a material bond in the connecting portion. 21. The stator of claim 20, wherein the material bond is established using nanoparticles. 22. The stator of claim 20, wherein the material bond is established using silver nanoparticles. 23. The stator of claim 16, further comprising metallic connecting elements arranged in the connecting portion between the conductors in the groove portion and the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion. 24. The stator of claim 23, wherein the metallic connecting elements are wedge-shaped. 25. The stator of claim 16, wherein the coil has at least two windings, and further comprising a conductor insulation arranged in a meandering shape and electrically insulating the conductors of a respective one of the windings. 26. The stator of claim 16, wherein the coil has at least two windings, and further comprising a conductor insulation arranged in a meandering shape and electrically insulating the conductors of a respective one of the windings in the groove portion. 27. The stator of claim 16, further comprising cooling ducts arranged in the stator winding overhang board. 28. The stator of claim 27, wherein the partial conducting tracks are arranged around the cooling ducts. 29. The stator of claim 27, wherein the partial conducting tracks are arranged equidistantly around the cooling ducts. 30. The stator of claim 16, wherein the stator winding overhang board is at least partially produced using an additive manufacturing method. 31. An electrical rotating machine, comprising a stator, said stator comprising a laminated stator core having coils, each coil having a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion, said winding overhang portion configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body, each of the conducting tracks formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other, and conductors extending in the groove portion, with each of the conductors formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. 32. A pod drive, comprising an electrical rotating machine, said electrical rotating machine comprising a stator, said stator comprising a laminated stator core having coils, each coil having a groove portion, a winding overhang portion and a connecting portion, said winding overhang portion configured as a stator winding overhang board arranged at an end face of the laminated stator core and having an insulating main body and conducting tracks integrated into the insulating main body, each of the conducting tracks formed by a number of partial conducting tracks that are electrically insulated from each other, and conductors extending in the groove portion, with each of the conductors formed by a number of partial conductors that are electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the conductors and an associated one of the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion are electrically conductively connected in the connecting portion. 33. A watercraft, in particular a ship, comprising a pod drive as set forth in claim 32. 34. A method for manufacturing a stator for an electrical rotating machine, said method comprising:
placing a stator winding overhang board on an end face of a laminated stator core; and connecting conductors in a groove portion of a coil of the laminated stator core and conducting tracks of a winding overhang portion of the coil. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the conductors in the groove portion and the conducting tracks of the winding overhang portion of the coil are connected with a material bond. | 3,700 |
342,989 | 16,642,687 | 3,774 | Provided is a composition for reducing serum uric acid level, which contains glycine and tryptophan. The serum uric acid level in a subject can be decreased when the subject intakes the composition. | 1-5. (canceled) 6. A composition for reducing serum uric acid level, comprising glycine and tryptophan. 7. The composition according to claim 6, having a weight ratio of tryptophan to glycine in the range of 0.01 and 0.15. 8. The composition according to claim 6, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 9. The composition according to claim 7, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 10. A food and drink product for reducing serum uric acid level, comprising the composition according to claim 6. 11. A serum uric acid level reducer, comprising the composition according to claim 6. 12. A method for reducing serum uric acid level, comprising administrating a composition containing glycine and tryptophan. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of tryptophan to glycine in the range of 0.01 and 0.15. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 15. The method according to claim 12, treating a disease whose pathological condition is improved by reducing serum uric acid level. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of gout, hyperuricemia, gouty tophus, renal failure, gout kidneys, prostatic hypertrophy, edema, and urinary calculi including renal stones, ureteral stones, and bladder stones. 17. A method for treating a disease whose pathological condition is improved by reducing serum uric acid level, comprising administrating a composition containing glycine and tryptophan. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of tryptophan to glycine in the range of 0.01 and 0.15. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of gout, hyperuricemia, gouty tophus, renal failure, gout kidneys, prostatic hypertrophy, edema, and urinary calculi including renal stones, ureteral stones, and bladder stones. | Provided is a composition for reducing serum uric acid level, which contains glycine and tryptophan. The serum uric acid level in a subject can be decreased when the subject intakes the composition.1-5. (canceled) 6. A composition for reducing serum uric acid level, comprising glycine and tryptophan. 7. The composition according to claim 6, having a weight ratio of tryptophan to glycine in the range of 0.01 and 0.15. 8. The composition according to claim 6, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 9. The composition according to claim 7, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 10. A food and drink product for reducing serum uric acid level, comprising the composition according to claim 6. 11. A serum uric acid level reducer, comprising the composition according to claim 6. 12. A method for reducing serum uric acid level, comprising administrating a composition containing glycine and tryptophan. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of tryptophan to glycine in the range of 0.01 and 0.15. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 15. The method according to claim 12, treating a disease whose pathological condition is improved by reducing serum uric acid level. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of gout, hyperuricemia, gouty tophus, renal failure, gout kidneys, prostatic hypertrophy, edema, and urinary calculi including renal stones, ureteral stones, and bladder stones. 17. A method for treating a disease whose pathological condition is improved by reducing serum uric acid level, comprising administrating a composition containing glycine and tryptophan. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of tryptophan to glycine in the range of 0.01 and 0.15. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein glycine intake is in the range of 1 g and 10 g per dose. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of gout, hyperuricemia, gouty tophus, renal failure, gout kidneys, prostatic hypertrophy, edema, and urinary calculi including renal stones, ureteral stones, and bladder stones. | 3,700 |
342,990 | 16,642,706 | 3,774 | The present invention relates to biaryloxy derivatives which have blocking activities of voltage gated sodium channels as the TTX-S channels, and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of disorders and diseases in which voltage gated sodium channel is involved. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which voltage gated sodium channels are involved. | 1. A compound of the following formula (I): 2. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl;
W is a chemical bond, —NRa—, or —O—;
Ra is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 3. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl or 5-6 membered N-containing heteroaryl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 4. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, or isoxazolyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 5. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, or pyrimidyl;
W is selected from the group consisting of —NRa— and —O—;
Ra is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
W is substituted at para- or meta-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (2) heterocyclyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl, and (4) heterocyclylCl-6 alkyl; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkyl; wherein the heterocyclyl or the heterocyclylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, —(C═O)—R6, —(C═O)—OR6, —(C═O)—NR6R7, and —NR6—(C═O)—R7;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-6 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-6 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) —(C═O)—NR6R7, and (9) —NR6(C═O)R7, wherein the C1-6 alkyl, the —O—C1-6 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, —NR6R7, —(C═O)—NR6R7, —NR6—(C═O)—R7 and —NR6CH2—(C═O)—NH2;
p is 0, 1, or 2; when p is two or more, each R2 is the same or different;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-6 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl or the —O—C1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) aryl, (9) heteroaryl, (11) —NR6R7, and (12) —CN; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl, the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, the aryl, or the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkyl;
q is 0, 1, or 2; when q is two or more, each R3 is the same or different;
X is CR3 or N;
Y is CR3 or N;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-6 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-6 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, and (8) —CN; wherein the C1-6 alkyl, the —O—C1-6 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen or hydroxyl;
r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; when r is two or more, each R4 is the same or different;
Z is CR4 or N;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C1-6 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkoxyl, (5) aryl, and (6) heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 alkoxyl;
R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) C1-6 alkyl, and (3) C1-6 alkoxyC1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl or the C1-6 alkoxyC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen and hydroxyl; R6 may form a 4 to 7 membered ring with R7 which may contain a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, carbonyl, or a double bond; wherein the 4 to 7 membered ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkoxyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 6. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, or pyrimidyl;
W is selected from the group consisting of —NRa— and —O—;
Ra is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl;
W is substituted at para- or meta-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (2) 3-7 membered heterocyclyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, and (4) 3-7 membered heterocyclylC1-4 alkyl; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkyl; wherein the 3-7 membered heterocyclyl or the 3-7 membered heterocyclylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkyl, —(C═O)—R6, —(C═O)—OR6, —(C═O)—NR6R7, and —NR6—(C═O)—R7;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-4 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-4 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) —(C═O)—NR6R7, and (9) —NR6(C═O)R7, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the —O—C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, —NR6R7, —(C═O)—NR6R7, —NR6—(C═O)—R7 and —NR6CH2—(C═O)—NH2;
p is 0, 1, or 2; when p is two or more, each R2 is the same or different;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-4 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl or the —O—C1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) aryl, (9) 5-6 membered heteroaryl, (11) —NR6R7, and (12) —CN; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl, the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, the aryl, or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkyl;
q is 0, 1, or 2; when q is two or more, each R3 is the same or different;
X is CR3 or N;
Y is CR3 or N;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-4 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-4 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, and (8) —CN; wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the —O—C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen or hydroxyl;
r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; when r is two or more, each R4 is the same or different;
Z is CR4 or N;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C1-4 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkoxyl, (5) aryl, and (6) 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxyl;
R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) C1-4 alkyl, and (3) C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl or the C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen and hydroxyl; R6 may form a 4 to 7 membered ring with R7 which may contain a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, carbonyl, or a double bond; wherein the 4 to 7 membered ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkoxyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 7. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is pyridyl or pyrazyl;
W is —O—;
W is substituted at para-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) C3-7 cycloalkyl and (3) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl, wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (2) halogen and (4) C1-6 alkyl;
p is 0 or 1;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-6 alkyl;
q is 0 or 1;
X is CR3;
Y is CR3;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-6 alkyl;
r is 0 or 1;
Z is CR4;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of: (1) C1-4 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 8. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is pyridyl or pyrazyl;
W is —O—;
W is substituted at para-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) C3-6 cycloalkyl and (3) C3-6 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C3-6 cycloalkyl or the C3-6 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (2) halogen and (4) C1-4 alkyl;
p is 0 or 1;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-4 alkyl;
q is 0 or 1;
X is CR3;
Y is CR3;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-4 alkyl;
r is 0 or 1;
Z is CR4;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of: (1) C1-4 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 9. The compound described in claim 1, which is selected from:
N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-((4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopentylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; tert-butyl 4-(((5-(3-((4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4-((2-chloro-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiazol-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-chloro-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((4-chloro-3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-cyclopropyl-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methoxy)pyri din-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-2,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-cyclopropyl-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyri din-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-cyano-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-cyano-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-bromo-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylphenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((4-chloro-3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(thiazol-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-methoxy-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-cyclopropyl-6-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 6-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 6-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 4-(((6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-[3,4′-bipyridin]-2′-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((6′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((4′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N,N-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 4-((3-(1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-fluoro-5-(6-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-cyano-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; tert-butyl 3-(((5-(3-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate; 4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 6-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(2-aminoethoxy)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(2-methoxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-fluoro-5′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-fluoro-5′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N,N-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5′-(2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(3-methoxyazetidine-1-carbonyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(((2-amino-2-oxoethyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((1-(3,3,3-trifluoropropanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; N,N-dimethyl-4-(((5-(3-((4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide; ethyl 4-(((5-(3-((4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4-(((3′-(2-acetamidoethoxy)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(ethylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; and 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. The compound as claimed in claim 9 which is selected from:
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-bromo-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((4-chloro-3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(2-methoxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(ethylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; and
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. The pharmaceutical composition as described in claim 11, further comprising another pharmacologically active agent. 13. A method for the treatment of a condition or disorder in which TTX-S channel blockers are involved, in an animal, including a human, which comprises administering to the animal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in claim 1. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein said condition or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: pain, acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain, nociceptive pain, pruritus, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathological disorders, functional bowel disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases pain, pain associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, cystitis pain, pancreatitis pain, migraine, cluster and tension headaches, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathic pain, sciatica, fibromyalgia, Crohn's disease, epilepsy or epileptic conditions, bipolar depression, tachyarrhythmias, mood disorder, bipolar disorder, psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, incontinence, visceral pain, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, radicular pain, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, stroke pain, cancer pain, seizure disorder, causalgia, and chemo-induced pain; and combinations thereof. 15-16. (canceled) 17. A compound described in claim 1 or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a condition or disorder in which TTX-S channel blockers are involved. 18. A process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising mixing a compound or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. | The present invention relates to biaryloxy derivatives which have blocking activities of voltage gated sodium channels as the TTX-S channels, and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of disorders and diseases in which voltage gated sodium channel is involved. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which voltage gated sodium channels are involved.1. A compound of the following formula (I): 2. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl;
W is a chemical bond, —NRa—, or —O—;
Ra is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 3. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl or 5-6 membered N-containing heteroaryl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 4. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, or isoxazolyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 5. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, or pyrimidyl;
W is selected from the group consisting of —NRa— and —O—;
Ra is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
W is substituted at para- or meta-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (2) heterocyclyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl, and (4) heterocyclylCl-6 alkyl; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkyl; wherein the heterocyclyl or the heterocyclylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, —(C═O)—R6, —(C═O)—OR6, —(C═O)—NR6R7, and —NR6—(C═O)—R7;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-6 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-6 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) —(C═O)—NR6R7, and (9) —NR6(C═O)R7, wherein the C1-6 alkyl, the —O—C1-6 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, —NR6R7, —(C═O)—NR6R7, —NR6—(C═O)—R7 and —NR6CH2—(C═O)—NH2;
p is 0, 1, or 2; when p is two or more, each R2 is the same or different;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-6 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl or the —O—C1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) aryl, (9) heteroaryl, (11) —NR6R7, and (12) —CN; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl, the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, the aryl, or the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkyl;
q is 0, 1, or 2; when q is two or more, each R3 is the same or different;
X is CR3 or N;
Y is CR3 or N;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-6 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-6 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, and (8) —CN; wherein the C1-6 alkyl, the —O—C1-6 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen or hydroxyl;
r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; when r is two or more, each R4 is the same or different;
Z is CR4 or N;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C1-6 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkoxyl, (5) aryl, and (6) heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 alkoxyl;
R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) C1-6 alkyl, and (3) C1-6 alkoxyC1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl or the C1-6 alkoxyC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen and hydroxyl; R6 may form a 4 to 7 membered ring with R7 which may contain a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, carbonyl, or a double bond; wherein the 4 to 7 membered ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-6 alkoxyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 6. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, or pyrimidyl;
W is selected from the group consisting of —NRa— and —O—;
Ra is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl;
W is substituted at para- or meta-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (2) 3-7 membered heterocyclyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, and (4) 3-7 membered heterocyclylC1-4 alkyl; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkyl; wherein the 3-7 membered heterocyclyl or the 3-7 membered heterocyclylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkyl, —(C═O)—R6, —(C═O)—OR6, —(C═O)—NR6R7, and —NR6—(C═O)—R7;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-4 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-4 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) —(C═O)—NR6R7, and (9) —NR6(C═O)R7, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the —O—C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, —NR6R7, —(C═O)—NR6R7, —NR6—(C═O)—R7 and —NR6CH2—(C═O)—NH2;
p is 0, 1, or 2; when p is two or more, each R2 is the same or different;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-4 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl or the —O—C1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, (8) aryl, (9) 5-6 membered heteroaryl, (11) —NR6R7, and (12) —CN; wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl, the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, the aryl, or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkyl;
q is 0, 1, or 2; when q is two or more, each R3 is the same or different;
X is CR3 or N;
Y is CR3 or N;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (4) C1-4 alkyl, (5) —O—C1-4 alkyl, (6) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (7) —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl, and (8) —CN; wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the —O—C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the —O—C3-7 cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen or hydroxyl;
r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; when r is two or more, each R4 is the same or different;
Z is CR4 or N;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) C1-4 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkoxyl, (5) aryl, and (6) 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected form the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxyl;
R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) hydrogen, (2) C1-4 alkyl, and (3) C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl or the C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen and hydroxyl; R6 may form a 4 to 7 membered ring with R7 which may contain a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, carbonyl, or a double bond; wherein the 4 to 7 membered ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxyl, and C1-4 alkoxyl;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 7. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is pyridyl or pyrazyl;
W is —O—;
W is substituted at para-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) C3-7 cycloalkyl and (3) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl, wherein the C3-7 cycloalkyl or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (2) halogen and (4) C1-6 alkyl;
p is 0 or 1;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-6 alkyl;
q is 0 or 1;
X is CR3;
Y is CR3;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-6 alkyl;
r is 0 or 1;
Z is CR4;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of: (1) C1-4 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 8. The compound described in claim 1 wherein:
A is pyridyl or pyrazyl;
W is —O—;
W is substituted at para-position with respect to the 6 membered ring including X and Y;
R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) C3-6 cycloalkyl and (3) C3-6 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C3-6 cycloalkyl or the C3-6 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (2) halogen and (4) C1-4 alkyl;
p is 0 or 1;
R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-4 alkyl;
q is 0 or 1;
X is CR3;
Y is CR3;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, and (4) C1-4 alkyl;
r is 0 or 1;
Z is CR4;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of: (1) C1-4 alkyl, (3) C3-7 cycloalkyl, (4) C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, the C3-7 cycloalkyl, or the C3-7 cycloalkylC1-4 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens;
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 9. The compound described in claim 1, which is selected from:
N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-((4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopentylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; tert-butyl 4-(((5-(3-((4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4-((2-chloro-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiazol-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-chloro-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-chloro-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((4-chloro-3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-cyclopropyl-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methoxy)pyri din-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-2,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-cyclopropyl-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyri din-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-cyano-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-cyano-4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-bromo-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylphenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((4-chloro-3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(thiazol-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-methoxy-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-cyclopropyl-6-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 6-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 6-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 4-(((6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-[3,4′-bipyridin]-2′-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((6′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((4′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N,N-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 4-((3-(1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; 4-((3-fluoro-5-(6-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-cyano-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; tert-butyl 3-(((5-(3-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate; 4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 6-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)nicotinamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(2-aminoethoxy)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(2-methoxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-fluoro-5′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3′-fluoro-5′-((2-fluoro-4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)-N,N-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5′-(2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(3-methoxyazetidine-1-carbonyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-(((3′-(((2-amino-2-oxoethyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; N-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((3-(6-((1-(3,3,3-trifluoropropanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamide; N,N-dimethyl-4-(((5-(3-((4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide; ethyl 4-(((5-(3-((4-((methylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4-(((3′-(2-acetamidoethoxy)-5′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(ethylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide; and 4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. The compound as claimed in claim 9 which is selected from:
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-bromo-5-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylphenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((4-chloro-3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclobutylmethoxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-4-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(5-(cyclobutylmethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(((3′-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-5′-(2-methoxyethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-3-fluorobenzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(ethylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(cyclopropyl sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzamide; and
4-((3-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)benzamide
or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. The pharmaceutical composition as described in claim 11, further comprising another pharmacologically active agent. 13. A method for the treatment of a condition or disorder in which TTX-S channel blockers are involved, in an animal, including a human, which comprises administering to the animal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in claim 1. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein said condition or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: pain, acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain, nociceptive pain, pruritus, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathological disorders, functional bowel disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases pain, pain associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, cystitis pain, pancreatitis pain, migraine, cluster and tension headaches, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathic pain, sciatica, fibromyalgia, Crohn's disease, epilepsy or epileptic conditions, bipolar depression, tachyarrhythmias, mood disorder, bipolar disorder, psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, incontinence, visceral pain, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, radicular pain, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, stroke pain, cancer pain, seizure disorder, causalgia, and chemo-induced pain; and combinations thereof. 15-16. (canceled) 17. A compound described in claim 1 or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a condition or disorder in which TTX-S channel blockers are involved. 18. A process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising mixing a compound or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. | 3,700 |
342,991 | 16,642,726 | 3,774 | An electronic device according to various embodiments of the present invention comprises: a touch-sensitive display; a processor electrically coupled to the display; and a memory electrically coupled to the processor, wherein the memory may store instructions that when executed, cause the processor to: display an icon on the display; receive a touch down event for the icon via the display; configure a screen to be displayed on the display, in response to the touch down event; receive a touch-up event for the icon via the display; and display the configured screen on the display, in response to the touch-up event. Other various embodiments are also possible. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a touch-sensitive display; a processor electrically coupled to the display; and a memory electrically coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that cause, when executed, the processor to: display an icon on the display, receive a touch-down event for the icon through the display, configure a screen to be displayed on the display, in response to the touch-down event, receive a touch-up event for the icon through the display, and display the configured screen on the display, in response to the touch-up event. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
display a screen of an application corresponding to the icon after displaying the configured screen. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
load a first process of an application corresponding to the icon into the memory in response to the touch-down event. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
delete the first process from the memory when failing to receive the touch-up event for a given time. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
load a second process of the application into the memory when receiving the touch-up event within a given time. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the second process is a process in which an activity is added to the first process. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the activity includes an operation of displaying a screen of the application. 8. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
change a state of the first process from a first state to a second state in response to the touch-up event, and when the number of processes set to the first state exceeds a predetermined value, delete a process loaded first into the memory among the processes set to the first state. 9. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
change a state of the first process from a first state to a second state in response to the touch-up event, and wherein a process set to the second state has a higher priority than a process set to the first state. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
delete the process loaded into the memory, based on the priority. 11. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
count a time in response to the touch-down event, delete, from the memory, a process loaded into the memory and corresponding to the icon when the counted time exceeds a predetermined value before the touch-up event is received, and count a time again when a same event as the touch-down event is received before the touch-up event is received. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
count a time in response to the touch-down event, delete, from the memory, a process loaded into the memory and corresponding to the icon when the counted time exceeds a predetermined value before the touch-up event is received, and terminate the count when an event occurring by execution of another application, before the touch-up event is received and before the counted time exceeds the predetermined value, is related to the process. 13. A method for operating an electronic device, the method comprising:
displaying an icon on a touch-sensitive display; receiving a touch-down event for the icon through the touch-sensitive display; executing a first process corresponding to the icon, in response to the touch-down event; receiving a touch-up event for the icon through the display; and adding an activity of the application to the first process, in response to the touch-up event. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
deleting the first process when failing to receive the touch-up event for a given time. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the activity includes an operation of displaying a screen of the application on the display. | An electronic device according to various embodiments of the present invention comprises: a touch-sensitive display; a processor electrically coupled to the display; and a memory electrically coupled to the processor, wherein the memory may store instructions that when executed, cause the processor to: display an icon on the display; receive a touch down event for the icon via the display; configure a screen to be displayed on the display, in response to the touch down event; receive a touch-up event for the icon via the display; and display the configured screen on the display, in response to the touch-up event. Other various embodiments are also possible.1. An electronic device comprising:
a touch-sensitive display; a processor electrically coupled to the display; and a memory electrically coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that cause, when executed, the processor to: display an icon on the display, receive a touch-down event for the icon through the display, configure a screen to be displayed on the display, in response to the touch-down event, receive a touch-up event for the icon through the display, and display the configured screen on the display, in response to the touch-up event. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
display a screen of an application corresponding to the icon after displaying the configured screen. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
load a first process of an application corresponding to the icon into the memory in response to the touch-down event. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
delete the first process from the memory when failing to receive the touch-up event for a given time. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
load a second process of the application into the memory when receiving the touch-up event within a given time. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the second process is a process in which an activity is added to the first process. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the activity includes an operation of displaying a screen of the application. 8. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
change a state of the first process from a first state to a second state in response to the touch-up event, and when the number of processes set to the first state exceeds a predetermined value, delete a process loaded first into the memory among the processes set to the first state. 9. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
change a state of the first process from a first state to a second state in response to the touch-up event, and wherein a process set to the second state has a higher priority than a process set to the first state. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
delete the process loaded into the memory, based on the priority. 11. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
count a time in response to the touch-down event, delete, from the memory, a process loaded into the memory and corresponding to the icon when the counted time exceeds a predetermined value before the touch-up event is received, and count a time again when a same event as the touch-down event is received before the touch-up event is received. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to:
count a time in response to the touch-down event, delete, from the memory, a process loaded into the memory and corresponding to the icon when the counted time exceeds a predetermined value before the touch-up event is received, and terminate the count when an event occurring by execution of another application, before the touch-up event is received and before the counted time exceeds the predetermined value, is related to the process. 13. A method for operating an electronic device, the method comprising:
displaying an icon on a touch-sensitive display; receiving a touch-down event for the icon through the touch-sensitive display; executing a first process corresponding to the icon, in response to the touch-down event; receiving a touch-up event for the icon through the display; and adding an activity of the application to the first process, in response to the touch-up event. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
deleting the first process when failing to receive the touch-up event for a given time. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the activity includes an operation of displaying a screen of the application on the display. | 3,700 |
342,992 | 16,642,735 | 3,774 | [Object] To provide a haptic presentation apparatus capable of quickly deforming a surface. [Solving Means] A haptic presentation apparatus includes a base material, an elastic layer, and a fluid transport apparatus. The base material forms a first space and includes a first through hole. The elastic layer covers a surface of the base material including the first through hole. The fluid transport apparatus injects fluid between the elastic layer and the base material via the first through hole. The elastic layer is expanded by injecting the fluid from the fluid transport apparatus such that an internal pressure of a second space between the elastic layer and the base material is higher than an internal pressure of the first space, and the fluid injected into the second space is vented to outside of the second space via a second through hole by stopping driving of the fluid transport apparatus. | 1. A haptic presentation apparatus, comprising:
a base material that forms a first space, the base material including a first through hole; an elastic layer that covers a surface of the base material including the first through hole; and a fluid transport apparatus that injects fluid between the elastic layer and the base material via the first through hole, wherein the elastic layer is expanded by injecting the fluid from the fluid transport apparatus such that an internal pressure of a second space between the elastic layer and the base material is higher than an internal pressure of the first space, and the fluid injected into the second space is vented to outside of the second space via a second through hole by stopping driving of the fluid transport apparatus. 2. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the elastic layer is formed to be capable of coming in contact with a body part of a user, and a region of the base material covered by the elastic layer has a convex surface with respect to the body part. 3. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the region of the base material covered by the elastic layer has a convex curved surface. 4. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the elastic layer has a shape including a longitudinal direction, and the elastic layer is arranged such that the longitudinal direction is matched with a curved surface direction of the convex curved surface. 5. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
when driving of the fluid transport apparatus is stopped, a volume of the second space can be zero. 6. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the fluid transport apparatus includes a vent valve that vents the fluid in the second space to the first space. 7. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the second through hole is arranged in the base material, and the elastic layer covers a surface including the first through hole and the second through hole of the base material. 8. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the second through hole is arranged in the elastic layer. 9. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the base material includes a plurality of the first through holes, the fluid transport apparatus is arranged for each first through hole, and the elastic layer is arranged for each first through hole. 10. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the second space formed between the elastic layer and the base material is divided into a plurality of regions through which fluid can move mutually. 11. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic layer has a partially different thickness. 12. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic layer has a protrusion on the surface. 13. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
a protrusion is arranged on a part of the region covered by the elastic layer of the base material. 14. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:
an inner package material arranged between the base material and the elastic layer. 15. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising:
an outer package material arranged on a surface of the elastic layer at an opposite side in which the base material is arranged. 16. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the elastic layer is arranged on a gripper gripped by the user. 17. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
an external section having a third space, wherein the base material forms the first space together with an inner wall surface of the external section in the third space. | [Object] To provide a haptic presentation apparatus capable of quickly deforming a surface. [Solving Means] A haptic presentation apparatus includes a base material, an elastic layer, and a fluid transport apparatus. The base material forms a first space and includes a first through hole. The elastic layer covers a surface of the base material including the first through hole. The fluid transport apparatus injects fluid between the elastic layer and the base material via the first through hole. The elastic layer is expanded by injecting the fluid from the fluid transport apparatus such that an internal pressure of a second space between the elastic layer and the base material is higher than an internal pressure of the first space, and the fluid injected into the second space is vented to outside of the second space via a second through hole by stopping driving of the fluid transport apparatus.1. A haptic presentation apparatus, comprising:
a base material that forms a first space, the base material including a first through hole; an elastic layer that covers a surface of the base material including the first through hole; and a fluid transport apparatus that injects fluid between the elastic layer and the base material via the first through hole, wherein the elastic layer is expanded by injecting the fluid from the fluid transport apparatus such that an internal pressure of a second space between the elastic layer and the base material is higher than an internal pressure of the first space, and the fluid injected into the second space is vented to outside of the second space via a second through hole by stopping driving of the fluid transport apparatus. 2. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the elastic layer is formed to be capable of coming in contact with a body part of a user, and a region of the base material covered by the elastic layer has a convex surface with respect to the body part. 3. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the region of the base material covered by the elastic layer has a convex curved surface. 4. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the elastic layer has a shape including a longitudinal direction, and the elastic layer is arranged such that the longitudinal direction is matched with a curved surface direction of the convex curved surface. 5. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
when driving of the fluid transport apparatus is stopped, a volume of the second space can be zero. 6. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the fluid transport apparatus includes a vent valve that vents the fluid in the second space to the first space. 7. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the second through hole is arranged in the base material, and the elastic layer covers a surface including the first through hole and the second through hole of the base material. 8. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the second through hole is arranged in the elastic layer. 9. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the base material includes a plurality of the first through holes, the fluid transport apparatus is arranged for each first through hole, and the elastic layer is arranged for each first through hole. 10. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the second space formed between the elastic layer and the base material is divided into a plurality of regions through which fluid can move mutually. 11. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic layer has a partially different thickness. 12. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic layer has a protrusion on the surface. 13. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
a protrusion is arranged on a part of the region covered by the elastic layer of the base material. 14. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:
an inner package material arranged between the base material and the elastic layer. 15. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising:
an outer package material arranged on a surface of the elastic layer at an opposite side in which the base material is arranged. 16. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the elastic layer is arranged on a gripper gripped by the user. 17. The haptic presentation apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
an external section having a third space, wherein the base material forms the first space together with an inner wall surface of the external section in the third space. | 3,700 |
342,993 | 16,642,723 | 3,774 | The disclosure relates to a CMOS structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The CMOS structure includes a substrate and an N-type TFT and a P-type TFT on the substrate. The N-type TFT includes a first gate electrode, a first active layer, and a first gate dielectric layer therebetween. The first active layer includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer of the N-type, and a third semiconductor layer of the N-type which are located at opposite ends of the first semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first gate dielectric layer. An N-type doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is smaller than that of the third semiconductor layer. The P-type TFT includes a fifth semiconductor layer and a sixth semiconductor layer. A P-type doping concentration of the fifth semiconductor layer is smaller than that of the sixth semiconductor layer. | 1. A CMOS structure comprising a substrate and an N-type TFT and a P-type TFT on the substrate, wherein the N-type TFT comprises:
a first gate electrode, a first active layer, and a first gate dielectric layer located between the first gate electrode and the first active layer, wherein the first active layer comprises a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer of the N-type, and a third semiconductor layer of the N-type which are located at opposite ends of the first semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first gate dielectric layer, wherein an N-type doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is smaller than an N-type doping concentration of the third semiconductor layer, and wherein the P-type TFT comprises:
a second gate electrode, a second active layer, and a second gate dielectric layer located between the second gate electrode and the second active layer, wherein the second active layer comprises a fourth semiconductor layer, and a fifth semiconductor layer of the P-type and a sixth semiconductor layer of the P type which are at the opposite ends of the fourth semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the second gate dielectric layer, and wherein a P-type doping concentration of the fifth semiconductor layer is smaller than a P-type doping concentration of the sixth semiconductor layer. 2. The CMOS structure according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the first semiconductor layer serving as a channel region and a portion of the fourth semiconductor layer serving as a channel region comprise a polycrystalline semiconductor material. 3. The CMOS structure according to claim 2, wherein source/drain regions of the first semiconductor layer and source/drain regions of the fourth semiconductor layer include an amorphous semiconductor material. 4. The CMOS structure according to claim 3, wherein the second semiconductor layer, the third semiconductor layer, the fifth semiconductor Meyer, and the sixth semiconductor layer comprise the polycrystalline semiconductor material. 5. The CMOS structure according to claim 4, wherein
the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. 6. The CMOS structure according to claim 3, wherein
the N-type TFT further comprises a first etch stop layer on a side, away from the first gate dielectric layer, of a portion of the first semiconductor layer serving as a channel region portion, an end portion of the first etch stop layer located between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and wherein the P-type TFT further comprises a second etch stop layer on a side, away from the second gate dielectric layer, of a portion of the fourth semiconductor layer serving as a channel region, an end of the second etch stop layer located between the fourth semiconductor layer and the fifth semiconductor layer. 7. The CMOS structure according to claim 1, wherein the first gate electrode, the first gate dielectric layer, and the first semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, and wherein the second gate electrode, the second gate dielectric layer, and the second semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate. 8. The CMOS structure according to claim 7, wherein the first active layer has a first source/drain region adjacent to the P-type TFT and a second source/drain region away from the P-type TFT, wherein the second active layer has a third source/drain region adjacent to the N-type TFT and a fourth source/drain region away from the P-type TFT, and wherein the CMOS structure further comprises:
a first source/drain electrode disposed on the first source/drain region; a second source/drain electrode disposed on the second source/drain region; a third source/drain electrode disposed on the third source/drain region; and a fourth source/drain electrode disposed on the fourth source/drain region, wherein the first source/drain electrode is connected to the third source/drain electrode. 9. A method for manufacturing a CMOS structure, comprising forming an N-type TFT and a P-type TFT on a substrate, wherein forming the N-type TIT comprises:
forming a first gate electrode, a first active layer, and a first gate dielectric layer located between the first gate electrode and the first active layer, wherein the first active layer comprises a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer of the N-Type, and an third semiconductor layer of the N-type which are at opposite ends of the first semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first gate dielectric layer, wherein an N-type doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is smaller than an N-type doping concentration of the third semiconductor layer, and wherein forming the P-type TFT comprises:
forming a second gate electrode, a second active layer, and a second gate dielectric layer located between the second gate electrode and the second active layer, wherein the second active layer comprises a fourth semiconductor layer, a fifth semiconductor layer of the P-type, and a sixth semiconductor layer of the P-type which are at opposite ends of the fourth semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the second gate dielectric layer, and wherein a P-type doping concentration of the fifth semiconductor layer is smaller than a P-type doping concentration of the sixth semiconductor layer. 10. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 9, wherein at least a channel region of the first semiconductor layer and a channel region of the fourth semiconductor layer comprise a polycrystalline semiconductor material, and wherein source/drain regions of the first semiconductor layer and source/drain regions of the fourth semiconductor layer comprise an amorphous semiconductor material. 11. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 10, wherein forming the first gate dielectric layer and the second gate dielectric layer comprises forming a gate dielectric material layer on the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode, wherein a portion of the gate material dielectric layer on the first gate electrode constitutes the first gate dielectric layer, and wherein a portion of the gate material dielectric layer on the second gate electrode constitutes the second gate dielectric layer. 12. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 11, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a first amorphous semiconductor material on the gate dielectric material layer; and converting portions of the first amorphous semiconductor material layer on the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode into a polycrystalline semiconductor material to form a channel region of the first active layer and a channel region of the second active layer. 13. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 12, wherein the converting comprises performing laser annealing on the amorphous semiconductor material. 14. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 13, wherein the laser annealing comprises using a microlens array mask. 15. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 9, further comprising:
forming a first etch stop layer on a portion of the first semiconductor layer serving as a channel region; and forming a second etch stop layer on a portion of the fourth semiconductor layer serving as a channel region. 16. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 15, wherein forming the second semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a second amorphous semiconductor material layer on the first semiconductor layer; forming a third amorphous semiconductor material layer on the second amorphous semiconductor material layer; and etching the second amorphous semiconductor material layer and the third amorphous semiconductor material layer located on the first etch stop layer to form a first gap extending to the first etch stop layer. 17. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 15, wherein forming the fifth semiconductor layer and the sixth semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer on the fourth semiconductor layer; forming a sixth amorphous semiconductor material layer on the fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer; and etching the fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer and the sixth amorphous semiconductor material layer located on the second etch stop layer to form a second gap extending to the second etch stop layer. 18. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 16, wherein forming the second amorphous semiconductor material layer, the third amorphous semiconductor material layer, the fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer, and the sixth amorphous semiconductor material layer comprises using CVD. 19. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 16, wherein the first active layer has a first source/drain region adjacent to the P-type TFT and a second source/drain region away from the P-type TFT, and wherein the second active layer has a third source/drain region adjacent to the N-type TFT and a fourth source/drain region away from the N-type TFT, the method further comprising:
forming a conductive layer on the third semiconductor layer, the sixth semiconductor layer, the first gate dielectric layer, and the second gate dielectric layer; and etching the conductive layer to form a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion spaced from one another, wherein the first portion covers the first source/drain region and the third source/drain region, wherein, the second portion covers the second source/drain region, and wherein the third portion covers the fourth source/drain region. 20. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 18, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. | The disclosure relates to a CMOS structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The CMOS structure includes a substrate and an N-type TFT and a P-type TFT on the substrate. The N-type TFT includes a first gate electrode, a first active layer, and a first gate dielectric layer therebetween. The first active layer includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer of the N-type, and a third semiconductor layer of the N-type which are located at opposite ends of the first semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first gate dielectric layer. An N-type doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is smaller than that of the third semiconductor layer. The P-type TFT includes a fifth semiconductor layer and a sixth semiconductor layer. A P-type doping concentration of the fifth semiconductor layer is smaller than that of the sixth semiconductor layer.1. A CMOS structure comprising a substrate and an N-type TFT and a P-type TFT on the substrate, wherein the N-type TFT comprises:
a first gate electrode, a first active layer, and a first gate dielectric layer located between the first gate electrode and the first active layer, wherein the first active layer comprises a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer of the N-type, and a third semiconductor layer of the N-type which are located at opposite ends of the first semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first gate dielectric layer, wherein an N-type doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is smaller than an N-type doping concentration of the third semiconductor layer, and wherein the P-type TFT comprises:
a second gate electrode, a second active layer, and a second gate dielectric layer located between the second gate electrode and the second active layer, wherein the second active layer comprises a fourth semiconductor layer, and a fifth semiconductor layer of the P-type and a sixth semiconductor layer of the P type which are at the opposite ends of the fourth semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the second gate dielectric layer, and wherein a P-type doping concentration of the fifth semiconductor layer is smaller than a P-type doping concentration of the sixth semiconductor layer. 2. The CMOS structure according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the first semiconductor layer serving as a channel region and a portion of the fourth semiconductor layer serving as a channel region comprise a polycrystalline semiconductor material. 3. The CMOS structure according to claim 2, wherein source/drain regions of the first semiconductor layer and source/drain regions of the fourth semiconductor layer include an amorphous semiconductor material. 4. The CMOS structure according to claim 3, wherein the second semiconductor layer, the third semiconductor layer, the fifth semiconductor Meyer, and the sixth semiconductor layer comprise the polycrystalline semiconductor material. 5. The CMOS structure according to claim 4, wherein
the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. 6. The CMOS structure according to claim 3, wherein
the N-type TFT further comprises a first etch stop layer on a side, away from the first gate dielectric layer, of a portion of the first semiconductor layer serving as a channel region portion, an end portion of the first etch stop layer located between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and wherein the P-type TFT further comprises a second etch stop layer on a side, away from the second gate dielectric layer, of a portion of the fourth semiconductor layer serving as a channel region, an end of the second etch stop layer located between the fourth semiconductor layer and the fifth semiconductor layer. 7. The CMOS structure according to claim 1, wherein the first gate electrode, the first gate dielectric layer, and the first semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, and wherein the second gate electrode, the second gate dielectric layer, and the second semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate. 8. The CMOS structure according to claim 7, wherein the first active layer has a first source/drain region adjacent to the P-type TFT and a second source/drain region away from the P-type TFT, wherein the second active layer has a third source/drain region adjacent to the N-type TFT and a fourth source/drain region away from the P-type TFT, and wherein the CMOS structure further comprises:
a first source/drain electrode disposed on the first source/drain region; a second source/drain electrode disposed on the second source/drain region; a third source/drain electrode disposed on the third source/drain region; and a fourth source/drain electrode disposed on the fourth source/drain region, wherein the first source/drain electrode is connected to the third source/drain electrode. 9. A method for manufacturing a CMOS structure, comprising forming an N-type TFT and a P-type TFT on a substrate, wherein forming the N-type TIT comprises:
forming a first gate electrode, a first active layer, and a first gate dielectric layer located between the first gate electrode and the first active layer, wherein the first active layer comprises a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer of the N-Type, and an third semiconductor layer of the N-type which are at opposite ends of the first semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first gate dielectric layer, wherein an N-type doping concentration of the second semiconductor layer is smaller than an N-type doping concentration of the third semiconductor layer, and wherein forming the P-type TFT comprises:
forming a second gate electrode, a second active layer, and a second gate dielectric layer located between the second gate electrode and the second active layer, wherein the second active layer comprises a fourth semiconductor layer, a fifth semiconductor layer of the P-type, and a sixth semiconductor layer of the P-type which are at opposite ends of the fourth semiconductor layer and sequentially stacked in a direction away from the second gate dielectric layer, and wherein a P-type doping concentration of the fifth semiconductor layer is smaller than a P-type doping concentration of the sixth semiconductor layer. 10. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 9, wherein at least a channel region of the first semiconductor layer and a channel region of the fourth semiconductor layer comprise a polycrystalline semiconductor material, and wherein source/drain regions of the first semiconductor layer and source/drain regions of the fourth semiconductor layer comprise an amorphous semiconductor material. 11. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 10, wherein forming the first gate dielectric layer and the second gate dielectric layer comprises forming a gate dielectric material layer on the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode, wherein a portion of the gate material dielectric layer on the first gate electrode constitutes the first gate dielectric layer, and wherein a portion of the gate material dielectric layer on the second gate electrode constitutes the second gate dielectric layer. 12. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 11, wherein forming the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a first amorphous semiconductor material on the gate dielectric material layer; and converting portions of the first amorphous semiconductor material layer on the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode into a polycrystalline semiconductor material to form a channel region of the first active layer and a channel region of the second active layer. 13. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 12, wherein the converting comprises performing laser annealing on the amorphous semiconductor material. 14. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 13, wherein the laser annealing comprises using a microlens array mask. 15. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 9, further comprising:
forming a first etch stop layer on a portion of the first semiconductor layer serving as a channel region; and forming a second etch stop layer on a portion of the fourth semiconductor layer serving as a channel region. 16. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 15, wherein forming the second semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a second amorphous semiconductor material layer on the first semiconductor layer; forming a third amorphous semiconductor material layer on the second amorphous semiconductor material layer; and etching the second amorphous semiconductor material layer and the third amorphous semiconductor material layer located on the first etch stop layer to form a first gap extending to the first etch stop layer. 17. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 15, wherein forming the fifth semiconductor layer and the sixth semiconductor layer comprises:
forming a fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer on the fourth semiconductor layer; forming a sixth amorphous semiconductor material layer on the fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer; and etching the fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer and the sixth amorphous semiconductor material layer located on the second etch stop layer to form a second gap extending to the second etch stop layer. 18. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 16, wherein forming the second amorphous semiconductor material layer, the third amorphous semiconductor material layer, the fifth amorphous semiconductor material layer, and the sixth amorphous semiconductor material layer comprises using CVD. 19. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 16, wherein the first active layer has a first source/drain region adjacent to the P-type TFT and a second source/drain region away from the P-type TFT, and wherein the second active layer has a third source/drain region adjacent to the N-type TFT and a fourth source/drain region away from the N-type TFT, the method further comprising:
forming a conductive layer on the third semiconductor layer, the sixth semiconductor layer, the first gate dielectric layer, and the second gate dielectric layer; and etching the conductive layer to form a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion spaced from one another, wherein the first portion covers the first source/drain region and the third source/drain region, wherein, the second portion covers the second source/drain region, and wherein the third portion covers the fourth source/drain region. 20. The method for manufacturing a CMOS structure according to claim 18, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor material comprises polysilicon, and wherein the amorphous semiconductor material comprises amorphous silicon. | 3,700 |
342,994 | 16,642,737 | 3,774 | A cloud radio access network (CRAN) system includes a baseband unit (BBU) and a radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU. The fronthaul interface between the RU and the BBU includes a radio frequency interface (RF) functionality implemented in the RU, and implementation of asymmetrical physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and RU. The asymmetrical physical layer (PHY) functionality split includes: downlink (DL) antenna port mapping and DL precoding implemented in the RU; and the split of the PHY functionality for uplink (UL) at the antenna port mapping in the BBU. For the DL, precoding and resource element (RE) mapping to frequency resources is implemented in BBU, and RE mapping for antenna ports is implemented in the RU|[WA1]. The split also provides support for license-assisted access (LAA) in the CRAN system. | 1. A cloud radio access network (CRAN) system, comprising:
a baseband unit (BBU) having a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), wherein the CU and the DU are one of i) co-located and ii) not co-located; and a radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU; wherein fronthaul interface between the RU and the BBU comprises:
radio frequency interface (RF) functionality implemented in the RU; and
implementation of asymmetric split for downlink and uplink at physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and RU, including:
downlink (DL) antenna port mapping and DL precoding which are implemented in the RU; and
uplink (UL) antenna port mapping is implemented in the BBU. 2. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein for the downlink, precoding and resource element (RE) mapping to time and frequency resources is implemented in BBU, and RE mapping for antenna ports is implemented in the RU. 3. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein, during precoding, cell-specific reference signals (CRS) is logically separated from physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) resources in a physical resource block (PRB). 4. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein a specific precoding type is indicated to the RU, the specific precoding type being defined by at least one of a codebook index, number of layers and a type of transmission scheme. 5. The CRAN system of claim 4, wherein the type of transmission scheme includes at least one of spatial multiplexing, cyclic delay diversity (CDD), spatial multiplexing without CDD, and transmit diversity. 6. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein, for efficient transmission on the fronthaul interface, resource elements for cell-specific reference signals (CRS) from multiple antennas are multiplexed within a data transmission for a single physical resource block (PRB) in the case number of layers is less than number of transmit antennas. 7. The CRAN system of claim 6, further comprising:
using at least one of CRS symbol number (CRSSymNum), shift, layer identification (ID), and a mask to separate the CRS for multiple antennas in the RU. 8. A method of providing a fronthaul interface in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) having a baseband unit (BBU) and at least one radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU, the BBU having a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), the method comprising:
providing radio frequency interface (RF) functionality in the RU; and
providing physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and the RU, including:
downlink (DL) antenna port mapping and DL precoding implemented in the RU; and
the split of the PHY functionality for uplink (UL) at the antenna port mapping. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
dynamically adapting uplink (UL) bit-widths on the fronthaul interface based on modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINK) of a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to provide transport efficiency increase; and transmitting only tones having valid data over the fronthaul interface. 10. A method of providing a fronthaul interface in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) having a baseband unit (BBU) and at least one radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU, the BBU having a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), the method comprising:
providing radio frequency interface (RF) functionality in the RU; and
providing physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and the RU, including:
listen-before-talk (LBT), unlicensed channels scanning, and reservation signals generation implemented in the RU; and
management of LBT, carrier-selection, and dynamic frequency selection, and DRS generation implement in the BBU. 11. The method of claim 10, for unlicensed spectrum operation, further comprising:
a. configuring the RU, by the BBU via the fronthaul interface, with configuration parameters including at least one of energy detection threshold, target frequency band and scanning period, for carrier-selection; b. scanning, by the RU, multiple unlicensed channels based on the configuration parameters; c. sending, by the RU via the UL fronthaul interface, performance metrics including at least one of occupancy ratio and average received signal strength indicator (RSSI); and d. selecting, by the BBU, optimal channel to use for transmission of data based on the performance metrics received via the UL fronthaul interface. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
e. sending, by the BBU, a configuration message in the DL to the RU with the selected channel for transmission of data; and f. acknowledging, by the RU, the configuration message, and initiating data transmission by the RU on a configured channel. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
a. configuring the RU, by the BBU via the fronthaul interface, with configuration parameters including at least one of discovery measurement timing configuration (DMTC) period and DMTC offset, for transmission of a discovery signal including at least one of discovery reference signal (DRS) and LTE-unlicensed discovery signal (LDS); b. configuring the RU, by the BBU, with listen-before-talk (LBT) parameters required for each transmission; c. reporting, by the RU, an LBT outcome to the BBU; and d. caching, by the RU, a local copy of the discovery signal configuration for discovery signal transmission in case the BBU is disconnected. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
a. continuously scanning, by the RU, unlicensed channels in a configured frequency band, and sending at least one RU measurement report to the BBU; b. reporting to layer 2 (L2) in the BBU, by the RU, the number of listen-before-talk (LBT) failures for at least one of discovery reference signal (DRS), LTE-unlicensed discovery signal (LDS), and data transmission; c. determining, by the BBU, based on the reported L2 LBT failures and the RU measurements report, whether a reconfiguration of the RU with a new unlicensed channel for data transmission is needed; and d. if a reconfiguration of the RU is determined to be needed, reconfiguring the RU, by the BBU, with a new unlicensed channel for data transmission. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting reference signal generation and transmission in the CRAN, the method further comprising:
a. continuously generating and transmitting, by the BBU, reference signals to the RU via the fronthaul interface; b. storing, by the RU, a local copy of the newest reference signal received from the BBU, wherein the previously stored reference signal is overwritten by the newest reference signal received from the BBU; c. transmitting over the air, by the RU, the newest reference signal received from the BBU; and d. in the case connection is lost between the RU and BBU, transmitting over the air, by the RU, the saved copy of the reference signal. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting reference signal transmission from the BBU to the RU based on fronthaul bit rate, the method further comprising at least one of:
a) for a fronthaul bit rate above a predefined threshold:
i. transmitting a control signal from the BBU to the RU to start using a local copy of a reference signal stored at the RU; and
ii. using, by the RU, the stored local copy of the reference signal for transmission over the air;
b) for a fronthaul bit rate above the predefined threshold:
i. using a timer at the RU to check for a reference signal from the BBU within a predefined time period; and
ii. once the predefined time period has elapsed, using, by the RU, the latest local copy of the reference signal; and
c) for a fronthaul bit rate below the predefined threshold:
i. sending a control signal from the BBU to the RU to start live reception of the reference signals from the BBU; and
ii. performing, by the RU, live reception of the reference signals from the BBU. 17. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting reference signal transmission from the BBU to the RU based on fronthaul latency, the method further comprising:
a. for fronthaul latency larger than a predefined threshold, using, by the RU, a local copy of the reference signal to be transmitted over the air; b. for fronthaul latency smaller than the predefined threshold, continuously sending, by the BBU, the reference signals to the RU; and c. at least one of enabling and disabling of reference signal transmission from the BBU by using at least one control message exchanged between the RU and the BBU. 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting compression and decompression techniques at the BBU and the RU based on at least one of:
a. fronthaul bit rate, whereby fronthaul overhead is reduced; b. processing latency of at least one of compression and decompression, wherein, for low latency application, at least one of a selected compression technique and a selected decompression technique is omitted to reduce processing time; and c. at least one of fronthaul conditions and applications requirements, whereby multiple control messages are exchanged between the BBU and RU to selectively enable and disable at least one compression technique in an adaptive fashion based on the at least one of fronthaul conditions and applications requirements. 19. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for supporting live migration on the BBU, the method further comprising:
generating, by the at least one RU, at least one reference signal to keep at least one cell connection alive while the BBU is performing resource migration. 20. An apparatus for configuring at least one distributed unit (DU) of a baseband unit (BBU) in a cloud radio access network (CRAN), the CRAN additionally having at least one radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU, the BBU having the at least one DU and a centralized unit (CU), comprising:
a fronthaul interface between the BBU and the DU for data transfer; a network configuration protocol (NetConf) interface for alarms, events, key performance indicators (KPIs) and configuration of the DU; and a representational state transfer application programming interface (REST API) for lifecycle management of the DU. | A cloud radio access network (CRAN) system includes a baseband unit (BBU) and a radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU. The fronthaul interface between the RU and the BBU includes a radio frequency interface (RF) functionality implemented in the RU, and implementation of asymmetrical physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and RU. The asymmetrical physical layer (PHY) functionality split includes: downlink (DL) antenna port mapping and DL precoding implemented in the RU; and the split of the PHY functionality for uplink (UL) at the antenna port mapping in the BBU. For the DL, precoding and resource element (RE) mapping to frequency resources is implemented in BBU, and RE mapping for antenna ports is implemented in the RU|[WA1]. The split also provides support for license-assisted access (LAA) in the CRAN system.1. A cloud radio access network (CRAN) system, comprising:
a baseband unit (BBU) having a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), wherein the CU and the DU are one of i) co-located and ii) not co-located; and a radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU; wherein fronthaul interface between the RU and the BBU comprises:
radio frequency interface (RF) functionality implemented in the RU; and
implementation of asymmetric split for downlink and uplink at physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and RU, including:
downlink (DL) antenna port mapping and DL precoding which are implemented in the RU; and
uplink (UL) antenna port mapping is implemented in the BBU. 2. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein for the downlink, precoding and resource element (RE) mapping to time and frequency resources is implemented in BBU, and RE mapping for antenna ports is implemented in the RU. 3. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein, during precoding, cell-specific reference signals (CRS) is logically separated from physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) resources in a physical resource block (PRB). 4. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein a specific precoding type is indicated to the RU, the specific precoding type being defined by at least one of a codebook index, number of layers and a type of transmission scheme. 5. The CRAN system of claim 4, wherein the type of transmission scheme includes at least one of spatial multiplexing, cyclic delay diversity (CDD), spatial multiplexing without CDD, and transmit diversity. 6. The CRAN system of claim 1, wherein, for efficient transmission on the fronthaul interface, resource elements for cell-specific reference signals (CRS) from multiple antennas are multiplexed within a data transmission for a single physical resource block (PRB) in the case number of layers is less than number of transmit antennas. 7. The CRAN system of claim 6, further comprising:
using at least one of CRS symbol number (CRSSymNum), shift, layer identification (ID), and a mask to separate the CRS for multiple antennas in the RU. 8. A method of providing a fronthaul interface in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) having a baseband unit (BBU) and at least one radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU, the BBU having a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), the method comprising:
providing radio frequency interface (RF) functionality in the RU; and
providing physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and the RU, including:
downlink (DL) antenna port mapping and DL precoding implemented in the RU; and
the split of the PHY functionality for uplink (UL) at the antenna port mapping. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
dynamically adapting uplink (UL) bit-widths on the fronthaul interface based on modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINK) of a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to provide transport efficiency increase; and transmitting only tones having valid data over the fronthaul interface. 10. A method of providing a fronthaul interface in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) having a baseband unit (BBU) and at least one radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU, the BBU having a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), the method comprising:
providing radio frequency interface (RF) functionality in the RU; and
providing physical layer (PHY) functionality split between the BBU and the RU, including:
listen-before-talk (LBT), unlicensed channels scanning, and reservation signals generation implemented in the RU; and
management of LBT, carrier-selection, and dynamic frequency selection, and DRS generation implement in the BBU. 11. The method of claim 10, for unlicensed spectrum operation, further comprising:
a. configuring the RU, by the BBU via the fronthaul interface, with configuration parameters including at least one of energy detection threshold, target frequency band and scanning period, for carrier-selection; b. scanning, by the RU, multiple unlicensed channels based on the configuration parameters; c. sending, by the RU via the UL fronthaul interface, performance metrics including at least one of occupancy ratio and average received signal strength indicator (RSSI); and d. selecting, by the BBU, optimal channel to use for transmission of data based on the performance metrics received via the UL fronthaul interface. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
e. sending, by the BBU, a configuration message in the DL to the RU with the selected channel for transmission of data; and f. acknowledging, by the RU, the configuration message, and initiating data transmission by the RU on a configured channel. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
a. configuring the RU, by the BBU via the fronthaul interface, with configuration parameters including at least one of discovery measurement timing configuration (DMTC) period and DMTC offset, for transmission of a discovery signal including at least one of discovery reference signal (DRS) and LTE-unlicensed discovery signal (LDS); b. configuring the RU, by the BBU, with listen-before-talk (LBT) parameters required for each transmission; c. reporting, by the RU, an LBT outcome to the BBU; and d. caching, by the RU, a local copy of the discovery signal configuration for discovery signal transmission in case the BBU is disconnected. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
a. continuously scanning, by the RU, unlicensed channels in a configured frequency band, and sending at least one RU measurement report to the BBU; b. reporting to layer 2 (L2) in the BBU, by the RU, the number of listen-before-talk (LBT) failures for at least one of discovery reference signal (DRS), LTE-unlicensed discovery signal (LDS), and data transmission; c. determining, by the BBU, based on the reported L2 LBT failures and the RU measurements report, whether a reconfiguration of the RU with a new unlicensed channel for data transmission is needed; and d. if a reconfiguration of the RU is determined to be needed, reconfiguring the RU, by the BBU, with a new unlicensed channel for data transmission. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting reference signal generation and transmission in the CRAN, the method further comprising:
a. continuously generating and transmitting, by the BBU, reference signals to the RU via the fronthaul interface; b. storing, by the RU, a local copy of the newest reference signal received from the BBU, wherein the previously stored reference signal is overwritten by the newest reference signal received from the BBU; c. transmitting over the air, by the RU, the newest reference signal received from the BBU; and d. in the case connection is lost between the RU and BBU, transmitting over the air, by the RU, the saved copy of the reference signal. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting reference signal transmission from the BBU to the RU based on fronthaul bit rate, the method further comprising at least one of:
a) for a fronthaul bit rate above a predefined threshold:
i. transmitting a control signal from the BBU to the RU to start using a local copy of a reference signal stored at the RU; and
ii. using, by the RU, the stored local copy of the reference signal for transmission over the air;
b) for a fronthaul bit rate above the predefined threshold:
i. using a timer at the RU to check for a reference signal from the BBU within a predefined time period; and
ii. once the predefined time period has elapsed, using, by the RU, the latest local copy of the reference signal; and
c) for a fronthaul bit rate below the predefined threshold:
i. sending a control signal from the BBU to the RU to start live reception of the reference signals from the BBU; and
ii. performing, by the RU, live reception of the reference signals from the BBU. 17. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting reference signal transmission from the BBU to the RU based on fronthaul latency, the method further comprising:
a. for fronthaul latency larger than a predefined threshold, using, by the RU, a local copy of the reference signal to be transmitted over the air; b. for fronthaul latency smaller than the predefined threshold, continuously sending, by the BBU, the reference signals to the RU; and c. at least one of enabling and disabling of reference signal transmission from the BBU by using at least one control message exchanged between the RU and the BBU. 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for adapting compression and decompression techniques at the BBU and the RU based on at least one of:
a. fronthaul bit rate, whereby fronthaul overhead is reduced; b. processing latency of at least one of compression and decompression, wherein, for low latency application, at least one of a selected compression technique and a selected decompression technique is omitted to reduce processing time; and c. at least one of fronthaul conditions and applications requirements, whereby multiple control messages are exchanged between the BBU and RU to selectively enable and disable at least one compression technique in an adaptive fashion based on the at least one of fronthaul conditions and applications requirements. 19. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is for supporting live migration on the BBU, the method further comprising:
generating, by the at least one RU, at least one reference signal to keep at least one cell connection alive while the BBU is performing resource migration. 20. An apparatus for configuring at least one distributed unit (DU) of a baseband unit (BBU) in a cloud radio access network (CRAN), the CRAN additionally having at least one radio unit (RU) remote from the BBU, the BBU having the at least one DU and a centralized unit (CU), comprising:
a fronthaul interface between the BBU and the DU for data transfer; a network configuration protocol (NetConf) interface for alarms, events, key performance indicators (KPIs) and configuration of the DU; and a representational state transfer application programming interface (REST API) for lifecycle management of the DU. | 3,700 |
342,995 | 16,642,715 | 3,774 | A control device for a vehicle includes a drive shaft, an engagement element, an engine coupled via the engagement element, an electric motor coupled without via the engagement element, and a control unit that instructs a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased, and increases the torque of the electric motor to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. | 1. A control device for a vehicle, comprising:
a drive shaft; an engagement element that enables or cuts off a transmission of a rotative power; an engine coupled to the drive shaft via the engagement element; an electric motor coupled to the drive shaft without via the engagement element; and a controller configured to instruct a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased, and stop the electric motor after the torque of the electric motor increases to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. 2. The control device for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller executes a rotation synchronization that brings a rotation difference between an input element and an output element of the engagement element close to zero when the accelerator pedal opening is increased to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening, and instructs the reengagement of the engagement element after the rotation synchronization is achieved. 3. The control device for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined degree of opening has a different value depending on a vehicle speed. 4. The control device for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
when an accelerator-on state is changed to an accelerator-off state, the controller increases a load applied to the drive shaft from the engine and the electric motor. 5. A control method for a vehicle including a drive shaft, an engagement element that enables or cuts off a transmission of a rotative power, an engine coupled to the drive shaft via the engagement element, and an electric motor coupled to the drive shaft without via the engagement element, the control method comprising:
instructing a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased, and stopping the electric motor after the torque of the electric motor increases to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. 6. A control device for a vehicle, comprising:
a drive shaft; an engagement element that enables or cuts off a transmission of a rotative power; an engine coupled to the drive shaft via the engagement element; an electric motor coupled to the drive shaft without via the engagement element; means for instructing a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased; and means for stopping the electric motor after the torque of the electric motor increases to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. | A control device for a vehicle includes a drive shaft, an engagement element, an engine coupled via the engagement element, an electric motor coupled without via the engagement element, and a control unit that instructs a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased, and increases the torque of the electric motor to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing.1. A control device for a vehicle, comprising:
a drive shaft; an engagement element that enables or cuts off a transmission of a rotative power; an engine coupled to the drive shaft via the engagement element; an electric motor coupled to the drive shaft without via the engagement element; and a controller configured to instruct a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased, and stop the electric motor after the torque of the electric motor increases to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. 2. The control device for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller executes a rotation synchronization that brings a rotation difference between an input element and an output element of the engagement element close to zero when the accelerator pedal opening is increased to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening, and instructs the reengagement of the engagement element after the rotation synchronization is achieved. 3. The control device for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined degree of opening has a different value depending on a vehicle speed. 4. The control device for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
when an accelerator-on state is changed to an accelerator-off state, the controller increases a load applied to the drive shaft from the engine and the electric motor. 5. A control method for a vehicle including a drive shaft, an engagement element that enables or cuts off a transmission of a rotative power, an engine coupled to the drive shaft via the engagement element, and an electric motor coupled to the drive shaft without via the engagement element, the control method comprising:
instructing a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased, and stopping the electric motor after the torque of the electric motor increases to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. 6. A control device for a vehicle, comprising:
a drive shaft; an engagement element that enables or cuts off a transmission of a rotative power; an engine coupled to the drive shaft via the engagement element; an electric motor coupled to the drive shaft without via the engagement element; means for instructing a reengagement of the engagement element when an accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than a predetermined degree of opening during switching of driving sources in which an engagement capacity of the engagement element is decreased while a torque of the electric motor is increased; and means for stopping the electric motor after the torque of the electric motor increases to more than the torque of the electric motor before the accelerator pedal opening increases to equal to or more than the predetermined degree of opening until the engagement capacity of the engagement element starts increasing. | 3,700 |
342,996 | 16,642,738 | 3,774 | in some implementations, an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) may include a brace configured to support an ankle and a foot. The brace may include a foot portion to house the foot and a leg portion, extending upward from the foot portion, to house a leg. The AFO may include a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the leg portion of the brace, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. In some implementations, an AFO attachment may include a plastic material formed into a curve with a limited range of flexibility, wherein the plastic material is configured to be attached to an AFO. The AFO attachment may include a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the plastic material, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. Methods for making an AFO and AFO attachment are also disclosed. | 1. An ankle foot orthosis, comprising;
a brace configured to support an ankle and a foot, wherein the brace includes:
a foot portion configured to house the foot, and
a leg portion, extending upward from the foot portion, configured to house a leg; and
a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the leg portion of the brace, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. 2. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is vacuum formed on the leg portion of the brace. 3. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the one or more weighted objects are housed within the weight compartment as a result of the weight compartment being vacuum formed on the leg portion of the brace, 4. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is affixed to and removable from the leg portion of the brace. 5. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is affixed to the leg portion of the brace using at least one of:
one or more keyhole fasteners, one or more snap fasteners, one or more screw fasteners, or one or more rivets. 6. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is formed on or affixed to the leg portion of the brace at or above an ankle portion of the brace configured to support the ankle. 7. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment includes one or more cavities for housing the one or more weighted objects,
wherein the one or more cavities are configured to prevent movement of the one or more weighted objects. 8. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment includes multiple cavities,
wherein each cavity, of the multiple cavities, is configured to permit insertion or removal of a weighted object of the one or more weighted objects. 9. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is positioned on a posterior side of the leg portion of the brace. 10. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is positioned on a lateral side or an anterior side of the leg portion of the brace. 11. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the leg portion is configured to articulate with respect to the foot portion. 12. An ankle foot orthosis attachment, comprising:
a plastic material formed into a curve with a limited range of flexibility, wherein the plastic material is configured to be attached to an ankle foot orthosis, and a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the plastic material, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. 13. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 12, wherein the limited range of flexibility prevents the curve from being flattened. 14. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 12, further comprising at least one fastener for attaching the ankle foot orthosis attachment to the ankle foot orthosis, 15. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 14, wherein the fastener includes at least one of:
one or more hook-and-loop fasteners, one or more keyhole fasteners, one or more snap fasteners, or one or more screw fasteners. 16. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 12, Wherein the weight compartment includes one or more cavities that permit insertion and removal of the one or more weighted objects. 17. A method of making an ankle foot orthosis, comprising:
placing a material, for forming a weight compartment on a portion of the ankle foot orthosis, on a. base material formed for the ankle foot orthosis; and vacuum forming plastic around the material so as to affix the material to the base material. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the vacuum forming completely seals the material between the plastic and the base material so that the material is not removable from the weight compartment. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the vacuum forming partially seals the material between the plastic and the base material to permit insertion or removal of one or more weighted objects in the weight compartment formed by partially sealing the material between the plastic and the base material. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising removing at least a portion of the material from the vacuum formed plastic to form the weight compartment. | in some implementations, an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) may include a brace configured to support an ankle and a foot. The brace may include a foot portion to house the foot and a leg portion, extending upward from the foot portion, to house a leg. The AFO may include a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the leg portion of the brace, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. In some implementations, an AFO attachment may include a plastic material formed into a curve with a limited range of flexibility, wherein the plastic material is configured to be attached to an AFO. The AFO attachment may include a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the plastic material, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. Methods for making an AFO and AFO attachment are also disclosed.1. An ankle foot orthosis, comprising;
a brace configured to support an ankle and a foot, wherein the brace includes:
a foot portion configured to house the foot, and
a leg portion, extending upward from the foot portion, configured to house a leg; and
a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the leg portion of the brace, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. 2. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is vacuum formed on the leg portion of the brace. 3. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the one or more weighted objects are housed within the weight compartment as a result of the weight compartment being vacuum formed on the leg portion of the brace, 4. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is affixed to and removable from the leg portion of the brace. 5. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is affixed to the leg portion of the brace using at least one of:
one or more keyhole fasteners, one or more snap fasteners, one or more screw fasteners, or one or more rivets. 6. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is formed on or affixed to the leg portion of the brace at or above an ankle portion of the brace configured to support the ankle. 7. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment includes one or more cavities for housing the one or more weighted objects,
wherein the one or more cavities are configured to prevent movement of the one or more weighted objects. 8. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment includes multiple cavities,
wherein each cavity, of the multiple cavities, is configured to permit insertion or removal of a weighted object of the one or more weighted objects. 9. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is positioned on a posterior side of the leg portion of the brace. 10. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the weight compartment is positioned on a lateral side or an anterior side of the leg portion of the brace. 11. The ankle foot orthosis of claim 1, wherein the leg portion is configured to articulate with respect to the foot portion. 12. An ankle foot orthosis attachment, comprising:
a plastic material formed into a curve with a limited range of flexibility, wherein the plastic material is configured to be attached to an ankle foot orthosis, and a weight compartment formed on or affixed to the plastic material, wherein the weight compartment is configured to house one or more weighted objects. 13. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 12, wherein the limited range of flexibility prevents the curve from being flattened. 14. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 12, further comprising at least one fastener for attaching the ankle foot orthosis attachment to the ankle foot orthosis, 15. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 14, wherein the fastener includes at least one of:
one or more hook-and-loop fasteners, one or more keyhole fasteners, one or more snap fasteners, or one or more screw fasteners. 16. The ankle foot orthosis attachment of claim 12, Wherein the weight compartment includes one or more cavities that permit insertion and removal of the one or more weighted objects. 17. A method of making an ankle foot orthosis, comprising:
placing a material, for forming a weight compartment on a portion of the ankle foot orthosis, on a. base material formed for the ankle foot orthosis; and vacuum forming plastic around the material so as to affix the material to the base material. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the vacuum forming completely seals the material between the plastic and the base material so that the material is not removable from the weight compartment. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the vacuum forming partially seals the material between the plastic and the base material to permit insertion or removal of one or more weighted objects in the weight compartment formed by partially sealing the material between the plastic and the base material. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising removing at least a portion of the material from the vacuum formed plastic to form the weight compartment. | 3,700 |
342,997 | 16,642,740 | 1,616 | The invention provides bioresorbable polymeric stents made from polymer blends which include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In particular, the invention provides stents having a stent body which comprises a polymer blend comprising: (a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). The invention further relates to polymer blends comprising (a) and (b). | 1. A stent having a stent body which comprises a polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 2. A stent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is a binary or ternary PHA copolymer. 3. A stent as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 6 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 16 carbon atoms. 4. A stent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 8, 10 or 12 carbon atoms. 5. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate units which are independently selected from 3-hydroxy and 4-hydroxyalkanoates. 6. A stent as claimed in claim 5, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is a medium chain length 3-hydroxyalkanoate. 7. A stent as claimed in claim 6, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is independently selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO), 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD). 8. A stent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PHA copolymer is poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate) or poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate-co-3-hydroxydodecanoate). 9. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chirality of the hydroxy-substituted carbon atom in each hydroxyalkanoate unit in the PHA copolymer is of the R-configuration. 10. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a binary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 60 mol % to 85 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 35 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 11. A stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first component is a ternary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 40 mol % to 60 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 40 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 12. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3-HDD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 13. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 600 kDa. 14. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas mendocina CH50, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas raguenesii, Pseudomonas guezennei, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Comamonas testosteronii. 15. A stent as claimed in claim 14, wherein said microorganism is Pseudomonas mendocina CH50. 16. A stent as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein said microorganism is grown in a culture medium which comprises glucose or coconut oil as a carbon source. 17. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit. 18. A stent as claimed in claim 17, wherein the PHA homopolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which each contain 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms. 19. A stent as claimed in claim 18, wherein the PHA homopolymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). 20. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 200 kDa to 2 MDa. 21. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Cupriavidus necator, Alcaligenes latus, Bacillus cereus, Aeromonas caviae, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Methylobacterium extorquens, Halomonas boliviensis LC 1, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. 22. A stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein said microorganism is Bacillus subtilis OK2. 23. A stent as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, wherein said microorganism is grown in the presence of a culture medium which comprises glucose as a carbon source. 24. A stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a polylactide (PLA). 25. A stent as claimed in claim 24, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is poly(L-lactic acid). 26. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer blend is selected from one of the following:
P(3HO-3HD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PDLA P(3HO-3HD)/PDLA 27. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is present in an amount in the range from 20 to 30 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 28. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component is a PHA homopolymer which is present in an amount in the range from 70 to 80 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 29. A stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the second component is a polylactide which is present in an amount in the range from 80 to 90 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 30. A method of producing a stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 29, said method comprising forming a stent body from a polymer blend which comprises:
(a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and
(b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 31. A polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA) 32. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31, wherein said first and second components are as defined in any one of claims 2 to 29. 33. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31 or claim 32 having one or more of the following mechanical properties: a tensile strength (σ) greater than 20 MPa; a Young's modulus (E) greater than 1 GPa; and an elongation at break (εb) of at least 10%. 34. A method of producing a PHA copolymer, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) culturing Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 in a culture medium comprising a carbon source other than glucose; (b) harvesting biomass from the culture medium; (c) extracting PHA from the harvested biomass; and (d) optionally purifying the crude PHA whereby to obtain a purified PHA. 35. A PHA copolymer obtained or obtainable by culturing Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 in the presence of a culture medium which comprises a carbon source other than glucose. | The invention provides bioresorbable polymeric stents made from polymer blends which include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In particular, the invention provides stents having a stent body which comprises a polymer blend comprising: (a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). The invention further relates to polymer blends comprising (a) and (b).1. A stent having a stent body which comprises a polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 2. A stent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is a binary or ternary PHA copolymer. 3. A stent as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 6 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 16 carbon atoms. 4. A stent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which, independently of one another, contain 8, 10 or 12 carbon atoms. 5. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate units which are independently selected from 3-hydroxy and 4-hydroxyalkanoates. 6. A stent as claimed in claim 5, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is a medium chain length 3-hydroxyalkanoate. 7. A stent as claimed in claim 6, wherein each hydroxyalkanoate unit is independently selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO), 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD). 8. A stent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PHA copolymer is poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate) or poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate-co-3-hydroxydodecanoate). 9. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chirality of the hydroxy-substituted carbon atom in each hydroxyalkanoate unit in the PHA copolymer is of the R-configuration. 10. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a binary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 60 mol % to 85 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 35 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 11. A stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first component is a ternary PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 40 mol % to 60 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer) and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate monomer units in an amount from 20 to 40 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 12. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is a PHA copolymer which contains 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3-HDD) monomer units in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 mol % (based on the weight average molecular weight, Mw, of the PHA copolymer). 13. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 600 kDa. 14. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA copolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas mendocina CH50, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas raguenesii, Pseudomonas guezennei, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Comamonas testosteronii. 15. A stent as claimed in claim 14, wherein said microorganism is Pseudomonas mendocina CH50. 16. A stent as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein said microorganism is grown in a culture medium which comprises glucose or coconut oil as a carbon source. 17. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit. 18. A stent as claimed in claim 17, wherein the PHA homopolymer comprises hydroxyalkanoate monomer units which each contain 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms. 19. A stent as claimed in claim 18, wherein the PHA homopolymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). 20. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer has a molecular weight in the range from 200 kDa to 2 MDa. 21. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PHA homopolymer is obtained or obtainable by culturing of a microorganism selected from Cupriavidus necator, Alcaligenes latus, Bacillus cereus, Aeromonas caviae, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Methylobacterium extorquens, Halomonas boliviensis LC 1, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. 22. A stent as claimed in claim 21, wherein said microorganism is Bacillus subtilis OK2. 23. A stent as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, wherein said microorganism is grown in the presence of a culture medium which comprises glucose as a carbon source. 24. A stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is a polylactide (PLA). 25. A stent as claimed in claim 24, wherein the second component of the polymer blend is poly(L-lactic acid). 26. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer blend is selected from one of the following:
P(3HO-3HD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/P(3HB) P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD)/PLLA P(3HO-3HD-3HDD)/PDLA P(3HO-3HD)/PDLA 27. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component is present in an amount in the range from 20 to 30 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 28. A stent as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component is a PHA homopolymer which is present in an amount in the range from 70 to 80 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 29. A stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the second component is a polylactide which is present in an amount in the range from 80 to 90 wt. % (based on the total weight of the blend). 30. A method of producing a stent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 29, said method comprising forming a stent body from a polymer blend which comprises:
(a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and
(b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA). 31. A polymer blend comprising:
(a) from 5 to 40 wt. % of a first component which is a PHA copolymer comprising two or more different medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer units; and (b) from 60 to 95 wt. % of a second component which is either a PHA homopolymer containing a short chain length hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit, or a polylactide (PLA) 32. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31, wherein said first and second components are as defined in any one of claims 2 to 29. 33. A polymer blend as claimed in claim 31 or claim 32 having one or more of the following mechanical properties: a tensile strength (σ) greater than 20 MPa; a Young's modulus (E) greater than 1 GPa; and an elongation at break (εb) of at least 10%. 34. A method of producing a PHA copolymer, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) culturing Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 in a culture medium comprising a carbon source other than glucose; (b) harvesting biomass from the culture medium; (c) extracting PHA from the harvested biomass; and (d) optionally purifying the crude PHA whereby to obtain a purified PHA. 35. A PHA copolymer obtained or obtainable by culturing Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 in the presence of a culture medium which comprises a carbon source other than glucose. | 1,600 |
342,998 | 16,642,734 | 2,894 | A photosensor includes a base substrate; an insulating layer on the base substrate; and a photodiode including a semiconductor junction on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate. The semiconductor junction includes a first polarity semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second polarity semiconductor layer, stacked on the insulating layer. The second polarity semiconductor layer encapsulates a lateral surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer. | 1. A photosensor, comprising:
a base substrate; an insulating layer on the base substrate; and a photodiode comprising a semiconductor junction on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate, the semiconductor junction comprising a first polarity semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second polarity semiconductor layer stacked on the insulating layer, wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer encapsulates a lateral surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer. 2. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer. 3. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein an intermediate surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer; and
the intermediate surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer connects the first polarity semiconductor layer and the second polarity semiconductor layer. 4. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein: an orthographic projection of the intrinsic semiconductor layer on the base substrate completely covers an orthographic projection of the first polarity semiconductor layer on the base substrate; and
an orthographic projection of the second polarity semiconductor layer on the base substrate completely covers the orthographic projection of the intrinsic semiconductor layer on the base substrate. 5. The photosensor of claim 1, further comprising a first electrode between the base substrate and the first polarity semiconductor layer;
wherein the first electrode is connected to the first polarity semiconductor layer through a via extending through the insulating layer. 6. The photosensor of claim 1, further comprising a substantially transparent conductive layer on a side of the second polarity semiconductor layer away from the base substrate;
wherein the substantially transparent conductive layer encapsulates a lateral surface of the second polarity semiconductor layer. 7. The photosensor of claim 6, further comprising a second electrode connected to the second polarity semiconductor layer through the substantially transparent conductive layer;
wherein an orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate substantially surrounds an orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate. 8. The photosensor of claim 7, wherein the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate is substantially non-overlapping with the orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate. 9. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer is made of an oxide semiconductor material. 10. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein the first polarity semiconductor layer is a P+ doping semiconductor layer, the second polarity semiconductor layer is an N+ doping semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor junction is an intrinsic region of amorphous silicon between the P+ doping semiconductor region and the N+ doping semiconductor region. 11. The photosensor of claim 1, further comprising a transistor connected to the photodiode;
wherein the transistor comprises a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; and the insulating layer is the gate insulating layer. 12. The photosensor of claim 11, further comprising a first electrode on the base substrate and on a side of the insulating layer away from the first polarity semiconductor layer;
wherein the first electrode is connected to the first polarity semiconductor layer through a via extending through the insulating layer; and the first electrode and the gate electrode are in a same layer and comprise a same material. 13. The photosensor of claim 11, wherein the active layer and the second polarity semiconductor layer are in a same layer and comprise a same material. 14. The photosensor of claim 11, further comprising a substantially transparent conductive layer on a side of the second polarity semiconductor layer away from the semiconductor junction, and covering a source electrode contact region and a drain electrode contact region of the active layer;
wherein the substantially transparent conductive layer encapsulates a lateral side of the second polarity semiconductor layer. 15. The photosensor of claim 14, further comprising a second electrode connected to the second polarity semiconductor layer through the substantially transparent conductive layer;
wherein an orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate substantially surrounds an orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate; the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the second electrode are in a same layer and comprise a same material; and the source electrode and the second electrode are connected to each other. 16. The photosensor of claim 15, wherein the source electrode and the second electrode constitute an integral structure. 17. The photosensor of claim 11, further comprising a protective layer covering a channel region of the active layer. 18. A display apparatus, comprising the photosensor of claim 1, and a plurality of subpixels for image display. 19. A method of fabricating a photosensor, comprising:
forming an insulating layer on a base substrate; and forming a semiconductor junction on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate; wherein forming the semiconductor junction comprises: forming a first polarity semiconductor layer on the insulating layer; forming an intrinsic semiconductor layer on a side of the first polarity semiconductor layer away from the insulating layer; and forming a second polarity semiconductor layer on a side of the semiconductor junction away from the first polarity semiconductor layer; wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer is formed to encapsulate a lateral side of the intrinsic semiconductor layer. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising forming a transistor connected to the semiconductor junction;
wherein forming the transistor comprises forming a gate electrode, forming a gate insulating layer, forming an active layer, forming a source electrode, and forming a drain electrode; and the insulating layer is the gate insulating layer; wherein the method comprises: forming the gate electrode and a first electrode in a same layer using a same material and a single mask plate; forming the insulating layer on a side of the gate electrode and the first electrode away from the base substrate; forming a via extending through the insulating layer; forming the first polarity semiconductor layer on a side of the insulating layer away from the first electrode, the first polarity semiconductor layer formed to be connected to the first electrode through the via extending through the insulating layer; forming the semiconductor junction on a side of the first polarity semiconductor layer away from the insulating layer; forming the second polarity semiconductor layer and the active layer in a same layer using a same material and a single mask plate, the active layer formed to be on a side of the insulating layer away from the gate electrode, the second polarity semiconductor layer formed to be on a side of the semiconductor junction away from the first polarity semiconductor layer; forming a substantially transparent conductive layer on a side of the second polarity semiconductor layer, and a source electrode contact region and a drain electrode contact region of the active layer, away from the insulating layer; and forming the source electrode, the drain electrode, and a second electrode in a same layer using a same material and a single mask plate, the second electrode formed to be connected to the second polarity semiconductor layer through the substantially transparent conductive layer; wherein the second electrode is formed so that an orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate substantially surrounds an orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate. | A photosensor includes a base substrate; an insulating layer on the base substrate; and a photodiode including a semiconductor junction on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate. The semiconductor junction includes a first polarity semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second polarity semiconductor layer, stacked on the insulating layer. The second polarity semiconductor layer encapsulates a lateral surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer.1. A photosensor, comprising:
a base substrate; an insulating layer on the base substrate; and a photodiode comprising a semiconductor junction on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate, the semiconductor junction comprising a first polarity semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second polarity semiconductor layer stacked on the insulating layer, wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer encapsulates a lateral surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer. 2. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer. 3. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein an intermediate surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer; and
the intermediate surface of the intrinsic semiconductor layer connects the first polarity semiconductor layer and the second polarity semiconductor layer. 4. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein: an orthographic projection of the intrinsic semiconductor layer on the base substrate completely covers an orthographic projection of the first polarity semiconductor layer on the base substrate; and
an orthographic projection of the second polarity semiconductor layer on the base substrate completely covers the orthographic projection of the intrinsic semiconductor layer on the base substrate. 5. The photosensor of claim 1, further comprising a first electrode between the base substrate and the first polarity semiconductor layer;
wherein the first electrode is connected to the first polarity semiconductor layer through a via extending through the insulating layer. 6. The photosensor of claim 1, further comprising a substantially transparent conductive layer on a side of the second polarity semiconductor layer away from the base substrate;
wherein the substantially transparent conductive layer encapsulates a lateral surface of the second polarity semiconductor layer. 7. The photosensor of claim 6, further comprising a second electrode connected to the second polarity semiconductor layer through the substantially transparent conductive layer;
wherein an orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate substantially surrounds an orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate. 8. The photosensor of claim 7, wherein the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate is substantially non-overlapping with the orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate. 9. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer is made of an oxide semiconductor material. 10. The photosensor of claim 1, wherein the first polarity semiconductor layer is a P+ doping semiconductor layer, the second polarity semiconductor layer is an N+ doping semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor junction is an intrinsic region of amorphous silicon between the P+ doping semiconductor region and the N+ doping semiconductor region. 11. The photosensor of claim 1, further comprising a transistor connected to the photodiode;
wherein the transistor comprises a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; and the insulating layer is the gate insulating layer. 12. The photosensor of claim 11, further comprising a first electrode on the base substrate and on a side of the insulating layer away from the first polarity semiconductor layer;
wherein the first electrode is connected to the first polarity semiconductor layer through a via extending through the insulating layer; and the first electrode and the gate electrode are in a same layer and comprise a same material. 13. The photosensor of claim 11, wherein the active layer and the second polarity semiconductor layer are in a same layer and comprise a same material. 14. The photosensor of claim 11, further comprising a substantially transparent conductive layer on a side of the second polarity semiconductor layer away from the semiconductor junction, and covering a source electrode contact region and a drain electrode contact region of the active layer;
wherein the substantially transparent conductive layer encapsulates a lateral side of the second polarity semiconductor layer. 15. The photosensor of claim 14, further comprising a second electrode connected to the second polarity semiconductor layer through the substantially transparent conductive layer;
wherein an orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate substantially surrounds an orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate; the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the second electrode are in a same layer and comprise a same material; and the source electrode and the second electrode are connected to each other. 16. The photosensor of claim 15, wherein the source electrode and the second electrode constitute an integral structure. 17. The photosensor of claim 11, further comprising a protective layer covering a channel region of the active layer. 18. A display apparatus, comprising the photosensor of claim 1, and a plurality of subpixels for image display. 19. A method of fabricating a photosensor, comprising:
forming an insulating layer on a base substrate; and forming a semiconductor junction on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate; wherein forming the semiconductor junction comprises: forming a first polarity semiconductor layer on the insulating layer; forming an intrinsic semiconductor layer on a side of the first polarity semiconductor layer away from the insulating layer; and forming a second polarity semiconductor layer on a side of the semiconductor junction away from the first polarity semiconductor layer; wherein the second polarity semiconductor layer is formed to encapsulate a lateral side of the intrinsic semiconductor layer. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising forming a transistor connected to the semiconductor junction;
wherein forming the transistor comprises forming a gate electrode, forming a gate insulating layer, forming an active layer, forming a source electrode, and forming a drain electrode; and the insulating layer is the gate insulating layer; wherein the method comprises: forming the gate electrode and a first electrode in a same layer using a same material and a single mask plate; forming the insulating layer on a side of the gate electrode and the first electrode away from the base substrate; forming a via extending through the insulating layer; forming the first polarity semiconductor layer on a side of the insulating layer away from the first electrode, the first polarity semiconductor layer formed to be connected to the first electrode through the via extending through the insulating layer; forming the semiconductor junction on a side of the first polarity semiconductor layer away from the insulating layer; forming the second polarity semiconductor layer and the active layer in a same layer using a same material and a single mask plate, the active layer formed to be on a side of the insulating layer away from the gate electrode, the second polarity semiconductor layer formed to be on a side of the semiconductor junction away from the first polarity semiconductor layer; forming a substantially transparent conductive layer on a side of the second polarity semiconductor layer, and a source electrode contact region and a drain electrode contact region of the active layer, away from the insulating layer; and forming the source electrode, the drain electrode, and a second electrode in a same layer using a same material and a single mask plate, the second electrode formed to be connected to the second polarity semiconductor layer through the substantially transparent conductive layer; wherein the second electrode is formed so that an orthographic projection of the second electrode on the base substrate substantially surrounds an orthographic projection of the semiconductor junction on the base substrate. | 2,800 |
342,999 | 16,642,708 | 2,894 | The present invention provides a non-solvent dental adhesive composition exhibiting high initial bond strength and high bond durability to a tooth structure (wet matter) and a high dentin cohesive failure rate on a tooth structure (wet matter) and being substantially free of water and an organic solvent. The present invention relates to a non-solvent dental adhesive composition comprising: an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer (A); a hydrophobic polymerizable monomer (B) having no acid group; and a water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) having a solubility of 10 g/L or more in water at 25° C. | 1. A non-solvent dental adhesive composition,. comprising:
an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer (A); a hydrophobic polymerizable monomer (B) having no acid group; and a water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) having a solubility of 10 g/L or more in water at 25° C. 2. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, further comprising a hydrophilic polymerizable monomer (D) having no acid group. 3. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 2, wherein a content of the hydrophilic polymerizable monomer (D) having no acid group with respect to a total mass of the hydrophobic polymerizable monomer (B) having no acid group and the hydrophilic polymerizable monomer (D) having no acid group is 50 mass % or less. 4. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by a the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (2): 5. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the acid group-containing polymerizable monomer (A) is a phosphate group-containing polymerizable monomer. 6. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, further comprising a water-insoluble photopolymerization initiator (E) having a solubility of less than 10 g/L in water at 25° C. 7. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 6, wherein a mass ratio between the water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) and the water-insoluble photopolymerization initiator (E) is 10:1 to 1:10. 8. A dental bonding material, comprising the non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1. 9. A self-adhesive dental composite resin, comprising the non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1. 10. A dental cement, comprising the non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1. | The present invention provides a non-solvent dental adhesive composition exhibiting high initial bond strength and high bond durability to a tooth structure (wet matter) and a high dentin cohesive failure rate on a tooth structure (wet matter) and being substantially free of water and an organic solvent. The present invention relates to a non-solvent dental adhesive composition comprising: an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer (A); a hydrophobic polymerizable monomer (B) having no acid group; and a water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) having a solubility of 10 g/L or more in water at 25° C.1. A non-solvent dental adhesive composition,. comprising:
an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer (A); a hydrophobic polymerizable monomer (B) having no acid group; and a water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) having a solubility of 10 g/L or more in water at 25° C. 2. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, further comprising a hydrophilic polymerizable monomer (D) having no acid group. 3. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 2, wherein a content of the hydrophilic polymerizable monomer (D) having no acid group with respect to a total mass of the hydrophobic polymerizable monomer (B) having no acid group and the hydrophilic polymerizable monomer (D) having no acid group is 50 mass % or less. 4. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by a the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (2): 5. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the acid group-containing polymerizable monomer (A) is a phosphate group-containing polymerizable monomer. 6. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1, further comprising a water-insoluble photopolymerization initiator (E) having a solubility of less than 10 g/L in water at 25° C. 7. The non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 6, wherein a mass ratio between the water-soluble photopolymerization initiator (C) and the water-insoluble photopolymerization initiator (E) is 10:1 to 1:10. 8. A dental bonding material, comprising the non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1. 9. A self-adhesive dental composite resin, comprising the non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1. 10. A dental cement, comprising the non-solvent dental adhesive composition of claim 1. | 2,800 |
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