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343,100 | 16,642,804 | 2,892 | The present disclosure provides a fingerprint recognition module, a driving method thereof, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The fingerprint recognition module includes a receiving electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a driving electrode layer. The receiving electrode layer includes a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. The piezoelectric material layer is disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer. The driving electrode layer is disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and includes a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction. Each driving electrode is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and overlaps with multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction. | 1. A fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 2. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of receiving electrodes comprise a plurality of receiving electrode groups arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of receiving electrode groups comprises at least two receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction; and the orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of least two of the plurality of receiving electrode groups on the piezoelectric material layer. 3. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 2, wherein
a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is substantially equal to half a wavelength of an ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 4. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein:
the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is one of a plurality of distance values that are integer multiples of a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction, which is a distance value closest to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation; wherein there is a gap between adjacent receiving electrodes, and a range of a ratio R of a width of the gap along the second direction to the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction is: 0<R≤20%. 5. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein
a width of each of the plurality of driving electrodes along the second direction is less than or equal to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 6. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the driving electrode layer further comprises a barrier wall located between two adjacent driving electrodes. 7. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 6, wherein a size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer ranges from 1 micron to 20 microns, and a size of the barrier wall in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer is greater than or equal to the size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer. 8. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric material layer comprises a plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers arranged along the second direction,
wherein the plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of driving electrodes. 9. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reflective layer located on a side of the driving electrode layer remote from the piezoelectric material layer; and an insulating layer located between the reflective layer and the driving electrode layer. 10. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of driving electrodes comprises a first sub-driving electrode in contact with the piezoelectric material layer and a second sub-driving electrode on a side of the first sub-driving electrode remote from the piezoelectric material layer, wherein a thickness of the first sub-driving electrode is less than a thickness of the second sub-driving electrode. 11. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises:
a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, configured to read a fingerprint electrical signal stored in the storage capacitor, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode. 12. (canceled) 13. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 11, wherein the signal reading sub-circuit comprises:
a second thin film transistor comprising a second gate electrically connected to the first electrode of the storage capacitor, a second source configured to receive a fixed voltage, and a second drain; and a third thin film transistor, comprising a third gate configured to receive a read instruction signal, a third source electrically connected to the second drain, and a third drain configured to output an electric signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal. 14. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of multiplexers, each of which is configured to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of groups of data signal lines, each of which comprises multiple data signal lines, wherein the plurality of groups of data signal lines are electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the multiple data signal lines is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; a control circuit electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers and configured to control the plurality of multiplexers to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of gate lines, each of which is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction; and a gate driving circuit electrically connected to the plurality of gate lines and configured to provide the read instruction signal. 15. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of gate driving circuits, each of which is configured to provide the read instruction signal; a plurality of groups of gate lines, each of which comprises a plurality of gate lines, wherein the plurality of groups of gate lines are electrically connected to the plurality of gate driving circuits in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of gate lines is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; and a plurality of data signal lines, each of which is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction. 16. A display device, comprising: the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1. 17. (canceled) 18. A driving method for a fingerprint recognition module, the fingerprint recognition module comprising: a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer; and
the driving method comprising: applying a driving voltage to a driving electrode so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by a fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting a corresponding fingerprint electrical signal by a receiving electrode. 19. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes comprise a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode at a first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at a second time point after the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode. 20. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes further comprise a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, and a third driving electrode, the second driving electrode is located between the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode at the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at the second time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode. 21. (canceled) 22. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the fingerprint recognition module further comprises: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises: a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode, and wherein the receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting the corresponding fingerprint electrical signal through the receiving electrode comprises:
applying a turn-on signal to the first gate to turn on the first thin film transistor when the driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode so as to drive the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit the ultrasonic wave; applying a bias voltage to the first drain according to an arrival time of the ultrasonic wave being reflected back to the piezoelectric material layer so as to raise the fingerprint electrical signal on the receiving electrode, and store a raised fingerprint electrical signal in the storage capacitor; and reading out the raised fingerprint electrical signal using the signal reading sub-circuit. 23. (canceled) 24. A manufacturing method for a fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a receiving electrode layer on a side of the substrate, wherein the receiving electrode layer comprises a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; forming a piezoelectric material layer on a side of the receiving electrode layer remote from the substrate; and forming a driving electrode layer on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer, wherein the driving electrode layer comprises a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 25. (canceled) | The present disclosure provides a fingerprint recognition module, a driving method thereof, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The fingerprint recognition module includes a receiving electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a driving electrode layer. The receiving electrode layer includes a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. The piezoelectric material layer is disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer. The driving electrode layer is disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and includes a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction. Each driving electrode is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and overlaps with multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction.1. A fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 2. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of receiving electrodes comprise a plurality of receiving electrode groups arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of receiving electrode groups comprises at least two receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction; and the orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of least two of the plurality of receiving electrode groups on the piezoelectric material layer. 3. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 2, wherein
a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is substantially equal to half a wavelength of an ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 4. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein:
the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is one of a plurality of distance values that are integer multiples of a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction, which is a distance value closest to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation; wherein there is a gap between adjacent receiving electrodes, and a range of a ratio R of a width of the gap along the second direction to the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction is: 0<R≤20%. 5. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein
a width of each of the plurality of driving electrodes along the second direction is less than or equal to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 6. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the driving electrode layer further comprises a barrier wall located between two adjacent driving electrodes. 7. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 6, wherein a size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer ranges from 1 micron to 20 microns, and a size of the barrier wall in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer is greater than or equal to the size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer. 8. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric material layer comprises a plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers arranged along the second direction,
wherein the plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of driving electrodes. 9. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reflective layer located on a side of the driving electrode layer remote from the piezoelectric material layer; and an insulating layer located between the reflective layer and the driving electrode layer. 10. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of driving electrodes comprises a first sub-driving electrode in contact with the piezoelectric material layer and a second sub-driving electrode on a side of the first sub-driving electrode remote from the piezoelectric material layer, wherein a thickness of the first sub-driving electrode is less than a thickness of the second sub-driving electrode. 11. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises:
a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, configured to read a fingerprint electrical signal stored in the storage capacitor, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode. 12. (canceled) 13. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 11, wherein the signal reading sub-circuit comprises:
a second thin film transistor comprising a second gate electrically connected to the first electrode of the storage capacitor, a second source configured to receive a fixed voltage, and a second drain; and a third thin film transistor, comprising a third gate configured to receive a read instruction signal, a third source electrically connected to the second drain, and a third drain configured to output an electric signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal. 14. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of multiplexers, each of which is configured to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of groups of data signal lines, each of which comprises multiple data signal lines, wherein the plurality of groups of data signal lines are electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the multiple data signal lines is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; a control circuit electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers and configured to control the plurality of multiplexers to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of gate lines, each of which is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction; and a gate driving circuit electrically connected to the plurality of gate lines and configured to provide the read instruction signal. 15. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of gate driving circuits, each of which is configured to provide the read instruction signal; a plurality of groups of gate lines, each of which comprises a plurality of gate lines, wherein the plurality of groups of gate lines are electrically connected to the plurality of gate driving circuits in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of gate lines is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; and a plurality of data signal lines, each of which is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction. 16. A display device, comprising: the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1. 17. (canceled) 18. A driving method for a fingerprint recognition module, the fingerprint recognition module comprising: a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer; and
the driving method comprising: applying a driving voltage to a driving electrode so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by a fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting a corresponding fingerprint electrical signal by a receiving electrode. 19. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes comprise a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode at a first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at a second time point after the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode. 20. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes further comprise a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, and a third driving electrode, the second driving electrode is located between the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode at the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at the second time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode. 21. (canceled) 22. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the fingerprint recognition module further comprises: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises: a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode, and wherein the receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting the corresponding fingerprint electrical signal through the receiving electrode comprises:
applying a turn-on signal to the first gate to turn on the first thin film transistor when the driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode so as to drive the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit the ultrasonic wave; applying a bias voltage to the first drain according to an arrival time of the ultrasonic wave being reflected back to the piezoelectric material layer so as to raise the fingerprint electrical signal on the receiving electrode, and store a raised fingerprint electrical signal in the storage capacitor; and reading out the raised fingerprint electrical signal using the signal reading sub-circuit. 23. (canceled) 24. A manufacturing method for a fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a receiving electrode layer on a side of the substrate, wherein the receiving electrode layer comprises a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; forming a piezoelectric material layer on a side of the receiving electrode layer remote from the substrate; and forming a driving electrode layer on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer, wherein the driving electrode layer comprises a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 25. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,101 | 16,642,824 | 2,892 | The present disclosure provides a fingerprint recognition module, a driving method thereof, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The fingerprint recognition module includes a receiving electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a driving electrode layer. The receiving electrode layer includes a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. The piezoelectric material layer is disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer. The driving electrode layer is disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and includes a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction. Each driving electrode is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and overlaps with multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction. | 1. A fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 2. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of receiving electrodes comprise a plurality of receiving electrode groups arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of receiving electrode groups comprises at least two receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction; and the orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of least two of the plurality of receiving electrode groups on the piezoelectric material layer. 3. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 2, wherein
a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is substantially equal to half a wavelength of an ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 4. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein:
the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is one of a plurality of distance values that are integer multiples of a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction, which is a distance value closest to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation; wherein there is a gap between adjacent receiving electrodes, and a range of a ratio R of a width of the gap along the second direction to the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction is: 0<R≤20%. 5. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein
a width of each of the plurality of driving electrodes along the second direction is less than or equal to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 6. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the driving electrode layer further comprises a barrier wall located between two adjacent driving electrodes. 7. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 6, wherein a size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer ranges from 1 micron to 20 microns, and a size of the barrier wall in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer is greater than or equal to the size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer. 8. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric material layer comprises a plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers arranged along the second direction,
wherein the plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of driving electrodes. 9. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reflective layer located on a side of the driving electrode layer remote from the piezoelectric material layer; and an insulating layer located between the reflective layer and the driving electrode layer. 10. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of driving electrodes comprises a first sub-driving electrode in contact with the piezoelectric material layer and a second sub-driving electrode on a side of the first sub-driving electrode remote from the piezoelectric material layer, wherein a thickness of the first sub-driving electrode is less than a thickness of the second sub-driving electrode. 11. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises:
a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, configured to read a fingerprint electrical signal stored in the storage capacitor, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode. 12. (canceled) 13. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 11, wherein the signal reading sub-circuit comprises:
a second thin film transistor comprising a second gate electrically connected to the first electrode of the storage capacitor, a second source configured to receive a fixed voltage, and a second drain; and a third thin film transistor, comprising a third gate configured to receive a read instruction signal, a third source electrically connected to the second drain, and a third drain configured to output an electric signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal. 14. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of multiplexers, each of which is configured to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of groups of data signal lines, each of which comprises multiple data signal lines, wherein the plurality of groups of data signal lines are electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the multiple data signal lines is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; a control circuit electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers and configured to control the plurality of multiplexers to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of gate lines, each of which is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction; and a gate driving circuit electrically connected to the plurality of gate lines and configured to provide the read instruction signal. 15. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of gate driving circuits, each of which is configured to provide the read instruction signal; a plurality of groups of gate lines, each of which comprises a plurality of gate lines, wherein the plurality of groups of gate lines are electrically connected to the plurality of gate driving circuits in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of gate lines is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; and a plurality of data signal lines, each of which is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction. 16. A display device, comprising: the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1. 17. (canceled) 18. A driving method for a fingerprint recognition module, the fingerprint recognition module comprising: a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer; and
the driving method comprising: applying a driving voltage to a driving electrode so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by a fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting a corresponding fingerprint electrical signal by a receiving electrode. 19. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes comprise a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode at a first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at a second time point after the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode. 20. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes further comprise a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, and a third driving electrode, the second driving electrode is located between the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode at the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at the second time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode. 21. (canceled) 22. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the fingerprint recognition module further comprises: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises: a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode, and wherein the receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting the corresponding fingerprint electrical signal through the receiving electrode comprises:
applying a turn-on signal to the first gate to turn on the first thin film transistor when the driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode so as to drive the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit the ultrasonic wave; applying a bias voltage to the first drain according to an arrival time of the ultrasonic wave being reflected back to the piezoelectric material layer so as to raise the fingerprint electrical signal on the receiving electrode, and store a raised fingerprint electrical signal in the storage capacitor; and reading out the raised fingerprint electrical signal using the signal reading sub-circuit. 23. (canceled) 24. A manufacturing method for a fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a receiving electrode layer on a side of the substrate, wherein the receiving electrode layer comprises a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; forming a piezoelectric material layer on a side of the receiving electrode layer remote from the substrate; and forming a driving electrode layer on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer, wherein the driving electrode layer comprises a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 25. (canceled) | The present disclosure provides a fingerprint recognition module, a driving method thereof, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The fingerprint recognition module includes a receiving electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a driving electrode layer. The receiving electrode layer includes a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. The piezoelectric material layer is disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer. The driving electrode layer is disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and includes a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction. Each driving electrode is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and overlaps with multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction.1. A fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 2. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of receiving electrodes comprise a plurality of receiving electrode groups arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of receiving electrode groups comprises at least two receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction; and the orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of least two of the plurality of receiving electrode groups on the piezoelectric material layer. 3. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 2, wherein
a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is substantially equal to half a wavelength of an ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 4. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein:
the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction is one of a plurality of distance values that are integer multiples of a minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction, which is a distance value closest to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation; wherein there is a gap between adjacent receiving electrodes, and a range of a ratio R of a width of the gap along the second direction to the minimum arrangement period of the plurality of receiving electrodes arranged along the second direction is: 0<R≤20%. 5. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 3, wherein
a width of each of the plurality of driving electrodes along the second direction is less than or equal to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the fingerprint recognition module during operation. 6. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the driving electrode layer further comprises a barrier wall located between two adjacent driving electrodes. 7. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 6, wherein a size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer ranges from 1 micron to 20 microns, and a size of the barrier wall in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer is greater than or equal to the size of each of the plurality of driving electrodes in the direction perpendicular to the driving electrode layer. 8. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric material layer comprises a plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers arranged along the second direction,
wherein the plurality of sub-piezoelectric material layers are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of driving electrodes. 9. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reflective layer located on a side of the driving electrode layer remote from the piezoelectric material layer; and an insulating layer located between the reflective layer and the driving electrode layer. 10. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of driving electrodes comprises a first sub-driving electrode in contact with the piezoelectric material layer and a second sub-driving electrode on a side of the first sub-driving electrode remote from the piezoelectric material layer, wherein a thickness of the first sub-driving electrode is less than a thickness of the second sub-driving electrode. 11. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises:
a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, configured to read a fingerprint electrical signal stored in the storage capacitor, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode. 12. (canceled) 13. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 11, wherein the signal reading sub-circuit comprises:
a second thin film transistor comprising a second gate electrically connected to the first electrode of the storage capacitor, a second source configured to receive a fixed voltage, and a second drain; and a third thin film transistor, comprising a third gate configured to receive a read instruction signal, a third source electrically connected to the second drain, and a third drain configured to output an electric signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal. 14. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of multiplexers, each of which is configured to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of groups of data signal lines, each of which comprises multiple data signal lines, wherein the plurality of groups of data signal lines are electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the multiple data signal lines is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; a control circuit electrically connected to the plurality of multiplexers and configured to control the plurality of multiplexers to select and output the electrical signal corresponding to the fingerprint electrical signal; a plurality of gate lines, each of which is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction; and a gate driving circuit electrically connected to the plurality of gate lines and configured to provide the read instruction signal. 15. The fingerprint recognition module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of gate driving circuits, each of which is configured to provide the read instruction signal; a plurality of groups of gate lines, each of which comprises a plurality of gate lines, wherein the plurality of groups of gate lines are electrically connected to the plurality of gate driving circuits in one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of gate lines is electrically connected to third gates of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the first direction; and a plurality of data signal lines, each of which is electrically connected to third drains of third thin film transistors of a plurality of driving circuits arranged along the second direction. 16. A display device, comprising: the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 1. 17. (canceled) 18. A driving method for a fingerprint recognition module, the fingerprint recognition module comprising: a receiving electrode layer comprising a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a piezoelectric material layer disposed on a side of the receiving electrode layer; and a driving electrode layer disposed on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer and comprising a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer; and
the driving method comprising: applying a driving voltage to a driving electrode so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by a fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting a corresponding fingerprint electrical signal by a receiving electrode. 19. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes comprise a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode at a first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at a second time point after the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode. 20. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of driving electrodes further comprise a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, and a third driving electrode, the second driving electrode is located between the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode, and the driving method comprises:
applying the driving voltage to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode at the first time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave; and applying the driving voltage to the second driving electrode at the second time point so as to drive a portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the second driving electrode to emit an ultrasonic wave, a phase of which is delayed from a phase of the ultrasonic wave emitted from the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the first driving electrode and the third driving electrode. 21. (canceled) 22. The driving method for the fingerprint recognition module according to claim 18, wherein the fingerprint recognition module further comprises: a plurality of driving circuits electrically connected to the plurality of receiving electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the plurality of driving circuits comprises: a storage capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode; a first thin film transistor comprising a first gate, a first source, and a first drain; and a signal reading sub-circuit, wherein for each driving circuit, a receiving electrode electrically connected to the each driving circuit is electrically connected to the first source and the first electrode, and wherein the receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint using the piezoelectric material layer and outputting the corresponding fingerprint electrical signal through the receiving electrode comprises:
applying a turn-on signal to the first gate to turn on the first thin film transistor when the driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode so as to drive the portion of the piezoelectric material layer corresponding to the driving electrode to emit the ultrasonic wave; applying a bias voltage to the first drain according to an arrival time of the ultrasonic wave being reflected back to the piezoelectric material layer so as to raise the fingerprint electrical signal on the receiving electrode, and store a raised fingerprint electrical signal in the storage capacitor; and reading out the raised fingerprint electrical signal using the signal reading sub-circuit. 23. (canceled) 24. A manufacturing method for a fingerprint recognition module, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a receiving electrode layer on a side of the substrate, wherein the receiving electrode layer comprises a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction; forming a piezoelectric material layer on a side of the receiving electrode layer remote from the substrate; and forming a driving electrode layer on a side of the piezoelectric material layer remote from the receiving electrode layer, wherein the driving electrode layer comprises a plurality of driving electrodes arranged along the second direction, wherein each of the plurality of driving electrodes is a strip electrode extending along the first direction, and an orthographic projection of the each of the plurality of driving electrodes on the piezoelectric material layer at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of multiple receiving electrodes arranged along the first direction on the piezoelectric material layer. 25. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,102 | 16,642,836 | 2,892 | Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. The transactions can be done in a Bitcoin blockchain ledger. A unlocking transaction constraint that constrains a unlocking transaction to include a transaction input that references a previous transaction output is determined. A redeemable transaction is created to include a transaction output that includes an amount and a transaction locking script that includes the unlocking transaction constraint, with unlocking the amount being contingent upon execution of at least one unlocking script of the unlocking transaction satisfying the unlocking transaction constraint. The redeemable transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
creating a blockchain transaction that encodes:
a state machine in a first state and having a set of permissible state transitions; and
a set of script elements to be executed to cause a unlocking transaction to:
encode the state machine in compliance with the set of permissible state transitions; and
comply with a restriction on an input to the unlocking transaction or comply a restriction on an output of the unlocking transaction; and
causing the blockchain transaction to be validated by a node in a blockchain network. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the set of permissible state transitions comprise state transitions that can be implemented independently and concurrently in distinct blockchain transactions. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the output of the unlocking transaction; and the restriction on the output requires:
a first output of the unlocking transaction to indicate a state corresponding to the first output in compliance with the set of permissible state transitions; and
a second output of the unlocking transaction to indicate a state corresponding to the second output in compliance with the set of permissible state transitions. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the state corresponding to the first output and the state corresponding to the second output are the same. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the state corresponding to the first output and the state corresponding to the second output are different states. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the input of the unlocking transaction; and the restriction on the input requires input to the unlocking transaction to indicate another state machine encoded in another blockchain transaction. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein the restriction on the input requires the input to reference the state machine in the first state and to reference the other state machine in another state different from the first state. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 7, wherein:
a first transition from the first state to a second state is within the set of permissible state transitions; and a second transition from the other state to the second state is within the set of permissible state transitions. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the input of the unlocking transaction; the restriction on the input comprises a set of conditions for advancing the state machine; and the set of conditions for advancing the state machine are dependent on a state of another state machine. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 9, wherein:
the other state machine is encoded in another blockchain transaction; the other blockchain transaction encodes a set of conditions for advancing the other state machine; and the set of conditions for advancing the other state machine depends on a state of the state machine. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the output of the unlocking transaction; and the restriction on the output requires the unlocking transaction to incorporate a set of elements of a smart contract into the output. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11, wherein the set of elements of the smart contract is obtained from another blockchain transaction. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with both the restriction on the input of the unlocking transaction and the restriction on the output of the unlocking transaction. 14. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. | Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. The transactions can be done in a Bitcoin blockchain ledger. A unlocking transaction constraint that constrains a unlocking transaction to include a transaction input that references a previous transaction output is determined. A redeemable transaction is created to include a transaction output that includes an amount and a transaction locking script that includes the unlocking transaction constraint, with unlocking the amount being contingent upon execution of at least one unlocking script of the unlocking transaction satisfying the unlocking transaction constraint. The redeemable transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
creating a blockchain transaction that encodes:
a state machine in a first state and having a set of permissible state transitions; and
a set of script elements to be executed to cause a unlocking transaction to:
encode the state machine in compliance with the set of permissible state transitions; and
comply with a restriction on an input to the unlocking transaction or comply a restriction on an output of the unlocking transaction; and
causing the blockchain transaction to be validated by a node in a blockchain network. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the set of permissible state transitions comprise state transitions that can be implemented independently and concurrently in distinct blockchain transactions. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the output of the unlocking transaction; and the restriction on the output requires:
a first output of the unlocking transaction to indicate a state corresponding to the first output in compliance with the set of permissible state transitions; and
a second output of the unlocking transaction to indicate a state corresponding to the second output in compliance with the set of permissible state transitions. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the state corresponding to the first output and the state corresponding to the second output are the same. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the state corresponding to the first output and the state corresponding to the second output are different states. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the input of the unlocking transaction; and the restriction on the input requires input to the unlocking transaction to indicate another state machine encoded in another blockchain transaction. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein the restriction on the input requires the input to reference the state machine in the first state and to reference the other state machine in another state different from the first state. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 7, wherein:
a first transition from the first state to a second state is within the set of permissible state transitions; and a second transition from the other state to the second state is within the set of permissible state transitions. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the input of the unlocking transaction; the restriction on the input comprises a set of conditions for advancing the state machine; and the set of conditions for advancing the state machine are dependent on a state of another state machine. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 9, wherein:
the other state machine is encoded in another blockchain transaction; the other blockchain transaction encodes a set of conditions for advancing the other state machine; and the set of conditions for advancing the other state machine depends on a state of the state machine. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein:
the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with the restriction on the output of the unlocking transaction; and the restriction on the output requires the unlocking transaction to incorporate a set of elements of a smart contract into the output. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11, wherein the set of elements of the smart contract is obtained from another blockchain transaction. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the set of script elements causes the unlocking transaction to comply with both the restriction on the input of the unlocking transaction and the restriction on the output of the unlocking transaction. 14. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. | 2,800 |
343,103 | 16,642,853 | 2,892 | Voltage dividing circuitry is provided for use in a voltage converter for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages. The voltage dividing circuitry including a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage and an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node. The output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage. The flying capacitor interface has a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor. A voltage converter and a power management integrated circuit having the voltage dividing circuitry are also provided. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. Voltage dividing circuitry for use in a voltage converter for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC, voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages, the voltage dividing circuitry comprising:
a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage; an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node, wherein the output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage; and a flying capacitor interface having a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, the flying capacitor interface to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor. 27. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, the voltage dividing circuitry is arranged to alternately connect the input-side switch node of the inductor to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage during a first phase of operation and to the ground during a second phase of operation. 28. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, wherein the voltage dividing circuitry comprises an inductor grounding switching element arranged to alternately connect the output-side switch node of the inductor to the ground in a first phase of operation and to one of the plurality of voltage output ports in a second phase of operation. 29. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, wherein the flying capacitor interface comprises a plurality of switching elements connected in a series array with the input DC voltage and wherein each of the at least one flying capacitor is connected across a respective number of the switching elements of the series array to provide, upon charge or discharge of at least a subset of at least one the flying capacitor(s), the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 30. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 29, wherein the plurality of switching elements of the series array of the flying capacitor interface each has an equal share of the input DC voltage such that the predetermined ratio for each of the at least one flying capacitor(s) is a ratio of a number of switching elements across which the flying capacitor is connected to the total number of switching elements in the series array. 31. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 28, comprising a boost converter mode in which the output DC voltage received at the output-side switch node for supply to one of the voltage output ports is stepped-up relative to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 32. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 27, comprising a buck converter mode in which the output DC voltage received at the output-side switch node for supply to one of the voltage output ports is stepped-down relative to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 33. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 31, wherein in the first phase of the boost converter mode the input-side switch node is held at a voltage equal to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage and wherein in the second phase of the boost converter mode the input-side switch node is held at a zero voltage. 34. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 32, wherein in both the first phase of the buck converter mode and the second phase of the buck converter mode the output-side switch node is connected to one of the plurality of voltage output ports. 35. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, comprising a buck-boost mode in which a first phase of operation is an energy-storing phase of the inductor and in which a second phase is an energy-releasing phase of the inductor and wherein in the energy storing phase the output-side switch node of the inductor is connected either to ground or to one of the plurality of voltage output ports corresponding to a higher voltage than a voltage at the input-side switch node and wherein in the energy releasing phase the output-side switch node of the inductor is connected to one of the plurality of voltage output ports. 36. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 35, wherein timings of transitions between the energy storing phase and the energy-release phase are controlled to provide at the output-side switch node, depending on the relative timings, either a step-up in voltage or a step-down in voltage relative to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 37. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 36, wherein the relative timings of the transitions between the energy-storing phase and the energy releasing phase are controlled to provide a step-up voltage conversion and the voltage dividing circuitry is arranged to connect the output-side voltage node to one of the plurality of voltage output ports corresponding to a higher voltage than a voltage at the input-side switch node in the first phase. 38. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 36, wherein the relative timings of the transitions between the energy-storing phase and the energy storing phase are controlled to provide a step-down voltage conversion and to connect the output-side voltage node to one of the plurality of voltage output ports corresponding to a lower voltage than the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage. 39. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, wherein the voltage dividing circuitry is responsive to control signals from a controller to transition between states of a sequence comprising a plurality of different states of the voltage dividing circuitry, wherein each state has a respective different switch configuration. 40. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 39, wherein the controller is to select a target one of the sequence of different states from a present one of the sequence of different states depending on a measurement of a voltage across each of the at least one flying capacitors in the present state and further depending on a measurement of the input DC voltage. 41. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 40, comprising at least two flying capacitors and wherein the controller is to select the target state by determining if a voltage across each flying capacitor in the present state is high or low relative to a nominal voltage for the respective flying capacitor, the nominal voltage being a predetermined fraction of the determined input voltage. 42. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 40, wherein the controller is to control each transition between different ones of the sequence of different states to ensure that no more than a predetermined number of switches change their respective switching state for any given state transition by switching to an intermediate state prior to the target state if the predetermined number of switch state changes would otherwise be violated. 43. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 39, wherein the plurality of states of the sequence of different states are selected such that a complete cycle from any starting state through all possible states of the plurality of different states of the sequence finishing at a last of the different states in the sequence results in any one switch of the flying capacitor interface changing state no more than once. 44. A circuit for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC, voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages, the circuit comprising:
voltage dividing circuitry including:
a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage;
an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node, wherein the output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage; and
a flying capacitor interface having a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, the flying capacitor interface to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor;
two or more voltage output connection switches to connect the output-side switch node to respective output voltage rails via the voltage output ports to supply an output digital load; and a controller to control the voltage dividing circuitry to switch between the first phase and the second phase. 45. The circuit of claim 44, wherein the controller is arranged to control the voltage dividing circuitry to operate in at least one of a buck mode, a boost mode and a buck-boost mode. 46. The circuit of claim 45, wherein at least one of the output voltage rails comprises a further voltage dividing circuit, the further voltage dividing circuit to receive the input DC voltage from the output voltage rail and to provide a converted DC output voltage to the output digital load. 47. The circuit of claim 44, wherein the circuit is a power management integrated circuit, PMIC. 48. The circuit of claim 47, further comprising: a plurality of PMIC input voltage source connections and a plurality of PMIC output voltage ports and wherein the voltage dividing circuitry is arranged to receive at the voltage input port, the input DC voltage from any one of the plurality of PMIC input voltage source connections and the plurality of PMIC output voltage ports and to connect the output-side switch node to any other one of the plurality of PMIC input voltage source connections and the plurality of PMIC output voltage ports. 49. One or more non-transitory machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to implement:
receiving an input DC voltage from a voltage input port; operating a plurality of switches to connect at least one flying capacitor to the voltage input port and to an input-side switch node of an inductor; dividing the input DC voltage by a predetermined fixed ratio by charging or discharging the at least one flying capacitor; and connecting an output-side switch node of the inductor to a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage. 50. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 49, comprising further instructions for controlling the output-side switch node to perform one of a step-up or a step-down in voltage relative to the predetermined fixed ratio if the input DC voltage by controlling configurations of the plurality of switches and by controlling voltages at the input-side-switch node and the output-side switch node of the inductor in a first phase of operation and a second phase of operation. | Voltage dividing circuitry is provided for use in a voltage converter for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages. The voltage dividing circuitry including a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage and an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node. The output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage. The flying capacitor interface has a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor. A voltage converter and a power management integrated circuit having the voltage dividing circuitry are also provided.1-25. (canceled) 26. Voltage dividing circuitry for use in a voltage converter for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC, voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages, the voltage dividing circuitry comprising:
a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage; an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node, wherein the output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage; and a flying capacitor interface having a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, the flying capacitor interface to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor. 27. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, the voltage dividing circuitry is arranged to alternately connect the input-side switch node of the inductor to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage during a first phase of operation and to the ground during a second phase of operation. 28. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, wherein the voltage dividing circuitry comprises an inductor grounding switching element arranged to alternately connect the output-side switch node of the inductor to the ground in a first phase of operation and to one of the plurality of voltage output ports in a second phase of operation. 29. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, wherein the flying capacitor interface comprises a plurality of switching elements connected in a series array with the input DC voltage and wherein each of the at least one flying capacitor is connected across a respective number of the switching elements of the series array to provide, upon charge or discharge of at least a subset of at least one the flying capacitor(s), the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 30. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 29, wherein the plurality of switching elements of the series array of the flying capacitor interface each has an equal share of the input DC voltage such that the predetermined ratio for each of the at least one flying capacitor(s) is a ratio of a number of switching elements across which the flying capacitor is connected to the total number of switching elements in the series array. 31. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 28, comprising a boost converter mode in which the output DC voltage received at the output-side switch node for supply to one of the voltage output ports is stepped-up relative to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 32. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 27, comprising a buck converter mode in which the output DC voltage received at the output-side switch node for supply to one of the voltage output ports is stepped-down relative to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 33. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 31, wherein in the first phase of the boost converter mode the input-side switch node is held at a voltage equal to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage and wherein in the second phase of the boost converter mode the input-side switch node is held at a zero voltage. 34. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 32, wherein in both the first phase of the buck converter mode and the second phase of the buck converter mode the output-side switch node is connected to one of the plurality of voltage output ports. 35. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, comprising a buck-boost mode in which a first phase of operation is an energy-storing phase of the inductor and in which a second phase is an energy-releasing phase of the inductor and wherein in the energy storing phase the output-side switch node of the inductor is connected either to ground or to one of the plurality of voltage output ports corresponding to a higher voltage than a voltage at the input-side switch node and wherein in the energy releasing phase the output-side switch node of the inductor is connected to one of the plurality of voltage output ports. 36. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 35, wherein timings of transitions between the energy storing phase and the energy-release phase are controlled to provide at the output-side switch node, depending on the relative timings, either a step-up in voltage or a step-down in voltage relative to the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node. 37. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 36, wherein the relative timings of the transitions between the energy-storing phase and the energy releasing phase are controlled to provide a step-up voltage conversion and the voltage dividing circuitry is arranged to connect the output-side voltage node to one of the plurality of voltage output ports corresponding to a higher voltage than a voltage at the input-side switch node in the first phase. 38. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 36, wherein the relative timings of the transitions between the energy-storing phase and the energy storing phase are controlled to provide a step-down voltage conversion and to connect the output-side voltage node to one of the plurality of voltage output ports corresponding to a lower voltage than the predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage. 39. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 26, wherein the voltage dividing circuitry is responsive to control signals from a controller to transition between states of a sequence comprising a plurality of different states of the voltage dividing circuitry, wherein each state has a respective different switch configuration. 40. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 39, wherein the controller is to select a target one of the sequence of different states from a present one of the sequence of different states depending on a measurement of a voltage across each of the at least one flying capacitors in the present state and further depending on a measurement of the input DC voltage. 41. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 40, comprising at least two flying capacitors and wherein the controller is to select the target state by determining if a voltage across each flying capacitor in the present state is high or low relative to a nominal voltage for the respective flying capacitor, the nominal voltage being a predetermined fraction of the determined input voltage. 42. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 40, wherein the controller is to control each transition between different ones of the sequence of different states to ensure that no more than a predetermined number of switches change their respective switching state for any given state transition by switching to an intermediate state prior to the target state if the predetermined number of switch state changes would otherwise be violated. 43. Voltage dividing circuitry as claimed in claim 39, wherein the plurality of states of the sequence of different states are selected such that a complete cycle from any starting state through all possible states of the plurality of different states of the sequence finishing at a last of the different states in the sequence results in any one switch of the flying capacitor interface changing state no more than once. 44. A circuit for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC, voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages, the circuit comprising:
voltage dividing circuitry including:
a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage;
an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node, wherein the output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage; and
a flying capacitor interface having a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, the flying capacitor interface to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor;
two or more voltage output connection switches to connect the output-side switch node to respective output voltage rails via the voltage output ports to supply an output digital load; and a controller to control the voltage dividing circuitry to switch between the first phase and the second phase. 45. The circuit of claim 44, wherein the controller is arranged to control the voltage dividing circuitry to operate in at least one of a buck mode, a boost mode and a buck-boost mode. 46. The circuit of claim 45, wherein at least one of the output voltage rails comprises a further voltage dividing circuit, the further voltage dividing circuit to receive the input DC voltage from the output voltage rail and to provide a converted DC output voltage to the output digital load. 47. The circuit of claim 44, wherein the circuit is a power management integrated circuit, PMIC. 48. The circuit of claim 47, further comprising: a plurality of PMIC input voltage source connections and a plurality of PMIC output voltage ports and wherein the voltage dividing circuitry is arranged to receive at the voltage input port, the input DC voltage from any one of the plurality of PMIC input voltage source connections and the plurality of PMIC output voltage ports and to connect the output-side switch node to any other one of the plurality of PMIC input voltage source connections and the plurality of PMIC output voltage ports. 49. One or more non-transitory machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to implement:
receiving an input DC voltage from a voltage input port; operating a plurality of switches to connect at least one flying capacitor to the voltage input port and to an input-side switch node of an inductor; dividing the input DC voltage by a predetermined fixed ratio by charging or discharging the at least one flying capacitor; and connecting an output-side switch node of the inductor to a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage. 50. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 49, comprising further instructions for controlling the output-side switch node to perform one of a step-up or a step-down in voltage relative to the predetermined fixed ratio if the input DC voltage by controlling configurations of the plurality of switches and by controlling voltages at the input-side-switch node and the output-side switch node of the inductor in a first phase of operation and a second phase of operation. | 2,800 |
343,104 | 16,642,870 | 2,892 | Provided herein is an electric axle assembly for a motor vehicle, including: an axle including a pair of axle half shaft and a pair of wheels drivingly connected on one end of each axle half shaft; a first electric motor/generator; and a gearbox including a reducing gear arrangement and a differential assembly, wherein the first electric/motor generator is drivingly connected to the gearbox, wherein the gearbox is drivingly connected to the axle, and wherein the differential assembly includes a differential housing and a differential gear arrangement disposed in the differential housing drivingly connected to the pair of axle half shafts. | 1. An electric axle assembly for a motor vehicle, comprising:
an axle including a pair of axle half shaft and a pair of wheels drivingly connected on one end of each axle half shaft; a first electric motor/generator; and a gearbox including a reducing gear arrangement and a differential assembly, wherein the first electric/motor generator is drivingly connected to the gearbox, wherein the gearbox is drivingly connected to the axle, and wherein the differential assembly includes a differential housing and a differential gear arrangement disposed in the differential housing drivingly connected to the pair of axle half shafts. 2. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator and the gearbox are arranged in parallel configuration. 3. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator is drivingly connected to the reducing gear arrangement and connected to an axial end of the gearbox. 4. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second electric motor/generator, and wherein the first electric motor/generator and the second electric motor/generator are coupled to the gearbox on axially opposite sides thereof. 5. The electric axle assembly of claim 4, wherein the first electric motor/generator, the second electric motor/generator and the gearbox arranged in parallel configuration. 6. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the reducing gear arrangement is drivingly connected to the first electric motor/generator and the differential assembly. 7. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the reducing gear arrangement includes a first spur gear, a double spur gear, and a second spur gear, wherein the first spur gear is drivingly connected to the first electric motor/generator and the double spur gear and wherein the second spur gear is drivingly connected to the differential assembly and the double spur gear. 8. The electric axle assembly of claim 7, wherein the second spur gear is mounted on the axle, and is coaxial with the axle half shafts. 9. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the second spur gear is installed on the differential housing and wherein the second spur gear and axle half shafts are coaxial. 10. The electric axle assembly of claim 4, wherein the first electric motor/generator and the second electric motor/generator are positioned symmetrically on both axial sides of the gearbox using bolts and a flanged interface connected to the gearbox. 11. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the gearbox includes a motor interface provided on one axial side thereof. 12. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator and the gearbox are arranged in T-shape. 13. The electric axle assembly of claim 13, wherein the first electric motor/generator is connected to an axial side of the gearbox and the gearbox is attached to a central portion of the axle. 14. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator includes a rotor shaft having a hollow design with a central half shaft extending therethrough. 15. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the reducing gear arrangement includes a first-stage reducing gear, a central differential and a two-stage reducing gear arrangement. | Provided herein is an electric axle assembly for a motor vehicle, including: an axle including a pair of axle half shaft and a pair of wheels drivingly connected on one end of each axle half shaft; a first electric motor/generator; and a gearbox including a reducing gear arrangement and a differential assembly, wherein the first electric/motor generator is drivingly connected to the gearbox, wherein the gearbox is drivingly connected to the axle, and wherein the differential assembly includes a differential housing and a differential gear arrangement disposed in the differential housing drivingly connected to the pair of axle half shafts.1. An electric axle assembly for a motor vehicle, comprising:
an axle including a pair of axle half shaft and a pair of wheels drivingly connected on one end of each axle half shaft; a first electric motor/generator; and a gearbox including a reducing gear arrangement and a differential assembly, wherein the first electric/motor generator is drivingly connected to the gearbox, wherein the gearbox is drivingly connected to the axle, and wherein the differential assembly includes a differential housing and a differential gear arrangement disposed in the differential housing drivingly connected to the pair of axle half shafts. 2. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator and the gearbox are arranged in parallel configuration. 3. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator is drivingly connected to the reducing gear arrangement and connected to an axial end of the gearbox. 4. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second electric motor/generator, and wherein the first electric motor/generator and the second electric motor/generator are coupled to the gearbox on axially opposite sides thereof. 5. The electric axle assembly of claim 4, wherein the first electric motor/generator, the second electric motor/generator and the gearbox arranged in parallel configuration. 6. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the reducing gear arrangement is drivingly connected to the first electric motor/generator and the differential assembly. 7. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the reducing gear arrangement includes a first spur gear, a double spur gear, and a second spur gear, wherein the first spur gear is drivingly connected to the first electric motor/generator and the double spur gear and wherein the second spur gear is drivingly connected to the differential assembly and the double spur gear. 8. The electric axle assembly of claim 7, wherein the second spur gear is mounted on the axle, and is coaxial with the axle half shafts. 9. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the second spur gear is installed on the differential housing and wherein the second spur gear and axle half shafts are coaxial. 10. The electric axle assembly of claim 4, wherein the first electric motor/generator and the second electric motor/generator are positioned symmetrically on both axial sides of the gearbox using bolts and a flanged interface connected to the gearbox. 11. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the gearbox includes a motor interface provided on one axial side thereof. 12. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator and the gearbox are arranged in T-shape. 13. The electric axle assembly of claim 13, wherein the first electric motor/generator is connected to an axial side of the gearbox and the gearbox is attached to a central portion of the axle. 14. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the first electric motor/generator includes a rotor shaft having a hollow design with a central half shaft extending therethrough. 15. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the reducing gear arrangement includes a first-stage reducing gear, a central differential and a two-stage reducing gear arrangement. | 2,800 |
343,105 | 16,642,819 | 2,892 | The present disclosure provides method and apparatus for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session. A message may be received in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent. Context information is extracted from a context database based at least on the message. Fact information and emotion information are obtained from at least one of the message and the context information. The fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact. A response is generated based at least on the fact information and the emotion information. The response is provided to the user. | 1. A method for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session, comprising:
receiving a message in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent; extracting context information from a context database based at least on the message; obtaining, from at least one of the message and the context information, fact information and emotion information, wherein the fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact; generating a response based at least on the fact information and the emotion information; and providing the response to the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the message comprises at least one of text message, image message, voice message and video message. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the context information comprises at least one of: session log, documents indicated by the user, and documents from partner entities. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the response is further based on user profile, the user profile including at least one of gender, age, location information, interested topics, and emotions towards the interested topics. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one fact comprises topic and/or keyword of the at least one of the message and the context information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the emotions comprise at least one of positive, negative, and neutral emotion. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extending the message through the context information and/or general knowledge graph. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the extending the message comprises:
identifying the at least one fact from the message; retrieving, from the context information and/or the general knowledge graph, at least one extended fact associated with the at least one fact; and rewriting the message based on the at least one extended fact. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact information comprises fact vector, the fact vector being obtained by utilizing a fact classifier. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the emotion information comprises emotion vector, the emotion vector being obtained by utilizing an emotion classifier. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the response further comprises:
performing multi-round reasoning with an attention vector, the attention vector being updated, in each round reasoning, through recalculating the fact information and the emotion information. 12. An apparatus for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session, comprising:
a message receiving module, for receiving a message in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent; a context information extracting module, for extracting context information from a context database based at least on the message; a fact and emotion information obtaining module, for obtaining, from at least one of the message and the context information, fact information and emotion information, wherein the fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact; a response generating module, for generating a response based at least on the fact information and the emotion information; and a response providing module, for providing the response to the user. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the context information comprises at least one of: session log, documents indicated by the user, and documents from partner entities. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the response generating module is further for generating the response based on user profile, the user profile including at least one of gender, age, location information, interested topics, and emotions towards the interested topics. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one fact comprises topic and/or keyword of the at least one of the message and the context information. 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the message receiving module is further for:
extending the message through the context information and/or general knowledge graph. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the message receiving module is further for:
identifying the at least one fact from the message; retrieving, from the context information and/or the general knowledge graph, at least one extended fact associated with the at least one fact; and rewriting the message based on the at least one extended fact. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein
the fact information comprises fact vector, the fact vector being obtained by utilizing a fact classifier, and the emotion information comprises emotion vector, the emotion vector being obtained by utilizing an emotion classifier. 19. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the response generating module is further for:
performing multi-round reasoning with an attention vector, the attention vector being updated, in each round reasoning, through recalculating the entity information and the emotion information. 20. An apparatus for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a message in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent;
extract context information from a context database based at least on the message;
obtain, from at least one of the message and the context information, fact information and emotion information, wherein the fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact;
generate a response based at least on the fact information and the emotion information; and
provide the response to the user. | The present disclosure provides method and apparatus for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session. A message may be received in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent. Context information is extracted from a context database based at least on the message. Fact information and emotion information are obtained from at least one of the message and the context information. The fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact. A response is generated based at least on the fact information and the emotion information. The response is provided to the user.1. A method for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session, comprising:
receiving a message in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent; extracting context information from a context database based at least on the message; obtaining, from at least one of the message and the context information, fact information and emotion information, wherein the fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact; generating a response based at least on the fact information and the emotion information; and providing the response to the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the message comprises at least one of text message, image message, voice message and video message. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the context information comprises at least one of: session log, documents indicated by the user, and documents from partner entities. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the response is further based on user profile, the user profile including at least one of gender, age, location information, interested topics, and emotions towards the interested topics. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one fact comprises topic and/or keyword of the at least one of the message and the context information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the emotions comprise at least one of positive, negative, and neutral emotion. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extending the message through the context information and/or general knowledge graph. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the extending the message comprises:
identifying the at least one fact from the message; retrieving, from the context information and/or the general knowledge graph, at least one extended fact associated with the at least one fact; and rewriting the message based on the at least one extended fact. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact information comprises fact vector, the fact vector being obtained by utilizing a fact classifier. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the emotion information comprises emotion vector, the emotion vector being obtained by utilizing an emotion classifier. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the response further comprises:
performing multi-round reasoning with an attention vector, the attention vector being updated, in each round reasoning, through recalculating the fact information and the emotion information. 12. An apparatus for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session, comprising:
a message receiving module, for receiving a message in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent; a context information extracting module, for extracting context information from a context database based at least on the message; a fact and emotion information obtaining module, for obtaining, from at least one of the message and the context information, fact information and emotion information, wherein the fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact; a response generating module, for generating a response based at least on the fact information and the emotion information; and a response providing module, for providing the response to the user. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the context information comprises at least one of: session log, documents indicated by the user, and documents from partner entities. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the response generating module is further for generating the response based on user profile, the user profile including at least one of gender, age, location information, interested topics, and emotions towards the interested topics. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one fact comprises topic and/or keyword of the at least one of the message and the context information. 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the message receiving module is further for:
extending the message through the context information and/or general knowledge graph. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the message receiving module is further for:
identifying the at least one fact from the message; retrieving, from the context information and/or the general knowledge graph, at least one extended fact associated with the at least one fact; and rewriting the message based on the at least one extended fact. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein
the fact information comprises fact vector, the fact vector being obtained by utilizing a fact classifier, and the emotion information comprises emotion vector, the emotion vector being obtained by utilizing an emotion classifier. 19. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the response generating module is further for:
performing multi-round reasoning with an attention vector, the attention vector being updated, in each round reasoning, through recalculating the entity information and the emotion information. 20. An apparatus for providing a response to a user in a question-answering session, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a message in the session, the session being between the user and an electronic conversational agent;
extract context information from a context database based at least on the message;
obtain, from at least one of the message and the context information, fact information and emotion information, wherein the fact information is associated with at least one fact, and the emotion information is associated with emotions towards the at least one fact;
generate a response based at least on the fact information and the emotion information; and
provide the response to the user. | 2,800 |
343,106 | 16,642,845 | 2,892 | A voltage detection circuit measures a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series. The voltage detection circuit includes a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion. The control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. | 1. A voltage detection circuit for measuring a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, the voltage detection circuit comprising:
a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion, wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. 2. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the control circuit repeats the AD conversion of the cells in a predetermined order in the group, and switches over a conversion start cell in the group to change the selection time interval. 3. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the conversion start cell is selected based on a random number from a random number generator that generates a random number. 4. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a remainder calculator that performs remainder operation on a random number of an output value from the random number generator to determine and output a start cell number. 5. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 2,
wherein, when the conversion start cell is not the lowest cell in the group of the multiplexer, 6. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein, when a cell to be AD-converted is separated by two or more cells, 7. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 5,
wherein, in the precharge operation, an input terminal unused by the multiplexer is also a target for selecting the input terminal so as to go through the input terminal. 8. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, comprising a function of AD-converting a monitor voltage other than the cell voltages,
wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects the monitor voltage to change the period of the AD conversion. 9. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the monitor voltage is AD-converted during the precharge operation. 10. A voltage measurement apparatus for measure a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, the voltage measurement apparatus comprising:
a voltage detection circuit; and an apparatus controller, wherein the voltage detection circuit comprises: a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells connected to the multiplexer configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion, wherein the apparatus controller receives and stores the digital data of the output voltage, and wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. 11. An assembly battery system comprising:
a voltage detection circuit; an apparatus controller; and an assembly battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, wherein the assembly battery system is configured to measure a plurality of cell voltages of the assembled battery, wherein the voltage detection circuit comprises: a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells connected to the multiplexer configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion, wherein the apparatus controller receives and stores the digital data of the output voltage, and wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. | A voltage detection circuit measures a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series. The voltage detection circuit includes a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion. The control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion.1. A voltage detection circuit for measuring a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, the voltage detection circuit comprising:
a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion, wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. 2. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the control circuit repeats the AD conversion of the cells in a predetermined order in the group, and switches over a conversion start cell in the group to change the selection time interval. 3. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the conversion start cell is selected based on a random number from a random number generator that generates a random number. 4. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a remainder calculator that performs remainder operation on a random number of an output value from the random number generator to determine and output a start cell number. 5. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 2,
wherein, when the conversion start cell is not the lowest cell in the group of the multiplexer, 6. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein, when a cell to be AD-converted is separated by two or more cells, 7. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 5,
wherein, in the precharge operation, an input terminal unused by the multiplexer is also a target for selecting the input terminal so as to go through the input terminal. 8. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, comprising a function of AD-converting a monitor voltage other than the cell voltages,
wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects the monitor voltage to change the period of the AD conversion. 9. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the monitor voltage is AD-converted during the precharge operation. 10. A voltage measurement apparatus for measure a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, the voltage measurement apparatus comprising:
a voltage detection circuit; and an apparatus controller, wherein the voltage detection circuit comprises: a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells connected to the multiplexer configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion, wherein the apparatus controller receives and stores the digital data of the output voltage, and wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. 11. An assembly battery system comprising:
a voltage detection circuit; an apparatus controller; and an assembly battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, wherein the assembly battery system is configured to measure a plurality of cell voltages of the assembled battery, wherein the voltage detection circuit comprises: a plurality of input terminals connected to respective electrodes of the plurality of cells through a plurality of voltage detection lines; a multiplexer that periodically selects and outputs voltages of a plurality of cells in a group, a plurality of series cells connected to the multiplexer configured as the group; an analog-to-digital (AD) converter that AD-converts an output voltage from the multiplexer and outputs digital data of the output voltage; and a control circuit that controls a timing for the selection by the multiplexer and a timing for the AD conversion, wherein the apparatus controller receives and stores the digital data of the output voltage, and wherein the control circuit switches over a time interval for which the multiplexer selects each of the cells to change a period of the AD conversion. | 2,800 |
343,107 | 16,642,846 | 2,892 | A method for manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device and an optoelectronic semiconductor device are disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes applying a photostructurable first photo layer on the radiation side of a semiconductor layer sequence, photostructuring the first photo layer, wherein holes are formed in the first photo layer in regions of first illumination areas, applying a first converter material to the structured first photo layer, wherein the first converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming first converter elements in the holes, the first converter elements covering the associated first illumination areas, removing the first photo layer; and applying a second converter material to the radiation side at least in regions of second illumination areas, the second illumination areas being different from the first illumination areas. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A method for manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device, the method comprising:
A) providing a semiconductor layer sequence, the semiconductor layer sequence having a radiation side with a plurality of illumination areas; B) applying a photostructurable first photo layer on the radiation side; C) photostructuring the first photo layer, wherein holes are formed in the first photo layer in regions of first illumination areas; D) applying a first converter material to the structured first photo layer, wherein the first converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming first converter elements in the holes, the first converter elements covering the associated first illumination areas; E) removing the first photo layer; and F) applying a second converter material to the radiation side at least in regions of second illumination areas, the second illumination areas being different from the first illumination areas. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first converter elements are in direct contact with the second converter material after steps A) to F). 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first photo layer comprises a photostructurable silicone. 22. The method according to claim 19, further comprising removing the first converter material from regions laterally adjacent to the holes before or during step E). 23. The method according to claim 19, wherein step F) is carried out after steps A) to E). 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the second converter material is applied to a plurality of illumination areas, thereby also covering the first illumination areas which are already covered with the first converter elements. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein applying the second converter material comprises directly applying the second converter material to the first converter elements in the regions of the first illumination areas. 26. The method according to claim 23, wherein applying the second converter material comprises:
applying a photostructurable second photo layer to the radiation side; photostructuring the second photo layer such that holes are created in the regions of the second illumination areas; and applying the second converter material to the structured second photo layer, wherein the second converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming second converter elements in the holes, the second converter elements covering the associated second illumination areas, and wherein the second converter elements directly adjoin the first converter elements. 27. The method according to claim 19, wherein step F) is carried out before steps B) to E). 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein applying the second converter material comprises applying the second converter material as a simply-connected layer covering the first illumination areas and the second illumination areas. 29. The method according to claim 19, wherein the radiation side comprises third illumination areas, and wherein the third illumination areas are kept free from the first converter material and the second converter material. 30. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising:
a pixelated semiconductor chip, wherein the semiconductor chip has a radiation side with a plurality of illumination areas; first converter elements, wherein first illumination areas are covered by the first converter elements made of a first converter material, wherein a first converter element is uniquely assigned to each of the first illumination areas; and a second converter material covering second illumination areas, wherein the second converter material is different from the first converter material, wherein the second illumination areas are different from the first illumination areas, wherein the second converter material is directly adjoining the first converter elements, and wherein each of the first converter material and the second converter material comprises a matrix material in which phosphor particles are distributed. 31. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the second converter material is a simple connect layer over a plurality of first illumination areas and second illumination areas, wherein, in regions of the first illumination areas, the layer of the second converter material is arranged between the semiconductor chip and the first converter elements. 32. The semiconductor device according to claim 30, wherein the second converter material also covers the first converter elements so that the first converter elements are arranged between the semiconductor chip and the second converter material. 33. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the second illumination areas are covered by second converter elements made of the second converter material, and wherein a second converter element is uniquely assigned to each of the second illumination areas. 34. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the semiconductor chip is configured to emit radiation of a first wavelength range, and wherein the first converter material and the second converter material are selected such that radiation emerging from the semiconductor device in regions of the first illumination areas is warm white light and radiation emerging from regions of the second illumination areas from the semiconductor device is cold white light. 35. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the semiconductor chip is configured to emit blue light, wherein the first converter material is configured to convert blue light into green light, wherein the second converter material is configured to convert blue light into red light. 36. The semiconductor device according to claim 30, wherein the semiconductor device has a radiation surface with a Bayer matrix. 37. A method of manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device, the method comprising:
A) providing a semiconductor layer sequence, the semiconductor layer sequence having a radiation side with a plurality of illumination areas; B) applying a photostructurable first photo layer on the radiation side; C) photostructuring the first photo layer, wherein holes are formed in the first photo layer in regions of first illumination areas; D) applying a first converter material to the structured first photo layer, wherein the first converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming first converter elements in the holes, the first converter elements covering the associated first illumination areas; E) removing the first photo layer; F) applying a second converter material to the radiation side at least in regions of second illumination areas, the second illumination areas being different from the first illumination areas, wherein, after steps A) to F), the first converter elements are in direct contact with the second converter material, wherein, after steps E) and F), the semiconductor layer sequence is separated into a plurality of pixelated semiconductor chips, each semiconductor chip comprising a part of the semiconductor layer sequence, an active layer and a part of the radiation side including first and second illumination areas, and wherein the active layer of a semiconductor chip is formed contiguously. | A method for manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device and an optoelectronic semiconductor device are disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes applying a photostructurable first photo layer on the radiation side of a semiconductor layer sequence, photostructuring the first photo layer, wherein holes are formed in the first photo layer in regions of first illumination areas, applying a first converter material to the structured first photo layer, wherein the first converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming first converter elements in the holes, the first converter elements covering the associated first illumination areas, removing the first photo layer; and applying a second converter material to the radiation side at least in regions of second illumination areas, the second illumination areas being different from the first illumination areas.1-18. (canceled) 19. A method for manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device, the method comprising:
A) providing a semiconductor layer sequence, the semiconductor layer sequence having a radiation side with a plurality of illumination areas; B) applying a photostructurable first photo layer on the radiation side; C) photostructuring the first photo layer, wherein holes are formed in the first photo layer in regions of first illumination areas; D) applying a first converter material to the structured first photo layer, wherein the first converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming first converter elements in the holes, the first converter elements covering the associated first illumination areas; E) removing the first photo layer; and F) applying a second converter material to the radiation side at least in regions of second illumination areas, the second illumination areas being different from the first illumination areas. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first converter elements are in direct contact with the second converter material after steps A) to F). 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first photo layer comprises a photostructurable silicone. 22. The method according to claim 19, further comprising removing the first converter material from regions laterally adjacent to the holes before or during step E). 23. The method according to claim 19, wherein step F) is carried out after steps A) to E). 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the second converter material is applied to a plurality of illumination areas, thereby also covering the first illumination areas which are already covered with the first converter elements. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein applying the second converter material comprises directly applying the second converter material to the first converter elements in the regions of the first illumination areas. 26. The method according to claim 23, wherein applying the second converter material comprises:
applying a photostructurable second photo layer to the radiation side; photostructuring the second photo layer such that holes are created in the regions of the second illumination areas; and applying the second converter material to the structured second photo layer, wherein the second converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming second converter elements in the holes, the second converter elements covering the associated second illumination areas, and wherein the second converter elements directly adjoin the first converter elements. 27. The method according to claim 19, wherein step F) is carried out before steps B) to E). 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein applying the second converter material comprises applying the second converter material as a simply-connected layer covering the first illumination areas and the second illumination areas. 29. The method according to claim 19, wherein the radiation side comprises third illumination areas, and wherein the third illumination areas are kept free from the first converter material and the second converter material. 30. An optoelectronic semiconductor device comprising:
a pixelated semiconductor chip, wherein the semiconductor chip has a radiation side with a plurality of illumination areas; first converter elements, wherein first illumination areas are covered by the first converter elements made of a first converter material, wherein a first converter element is uniquely assigned to each of the first illumination areas; and a second converter material covering second illumination areas, wherein the second converter material is different from the first converter material, wherein the second illumination areas are different from the first illumination areas, wherein the second converter material is directly adjoining the first converter elements, and wherein each of the first converter material and the second converter material comprises a matrix material in which phosphor particles are distributed. 31. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the second converter material is a simple connect layer over a plurality of first illumination areas and second illumination areas, wherein, in regions of the first illumination areas, the layer of the second converter material is arranged between the semiconductor chip and the first converter elements. 32. The semiconductor device according to claim 30, wherein the second converter material also covers the first converter elements so that the first converter elements are arranged between the semiconductor chip and the second converter material. 33. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the second illumination areas are covered by second converter elements made of the second converter material, and wherein a second converter element is uniquely assigned to each of the second illumination areas. 34. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the semiconductor chip is configured to emit radiation of a first wavelength range, and wherein the first converter material and the second converter material are selected such that radiation emerging from the semiconductor device in regions of the first illumination areas is warm white light and radiation emerging from regions of the second illumination areas from the semiconductor device is cold white light. 35. The semiconductor device according to claim 30,
wherein the semiconductor chip is configured to emit blue light, wherein the first converter material is configured to convert blue light into green light, wherein the second converter material is configured to convert blue light into red light. 36. The semiconductor device according to claim 30, wherein the semiconductor device has a radiation surface with a Bayer matrix. 37. A method of manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device, the method comprising:
A) providing a semiconductor layer sequence, the semiconductor layer sequence having a radiation side with a plurality of illumination areas; B) applying a photostructurable first photo layer on the radiation side; C) photostructuring the first photo layer, wherein holes are formed in the first photo layer in regions of first illumination areas; D) applying a first converter material to the structured first photo layer, wherein the first converter material partially or completely fills the holes, thereby forming first converter elements in the holes, the first converter elements covering the associated first illumination areas; E) removing the first photo layer; F) applying a second converter material to the radiation side at least in regions of second illumination areas, the second illumination areas being different from the first illumination areas, wherein, after steps A) to F), the first converter elements are in direct contact with the second converter material, wherein, after steps E) and F), the semiconductor layer sequence is separated into a plurality of pixelated semiconductor chips, each semiconductor chip comprising a part of the semiconductor layer sequence, an active layer and a part of the radiation side including first and second illumination areas, and wherein the active layer of a semiconductor chip is formed contiguously. | 2,800 |
343,108 | 16,642,833 | 2,892 | A structure, comprising an island comprising a III-N material. The island extends over a substrate and has a sloped sidewall. A cap comprising a III-N material extends laterally from a top surface and overhangs the sidewall of the island. A device, such as a transistor, light emitting diode, or resonator, may be formed within, or over, the cap. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A microelectronic device, comprising:
a structure over a substrate, the structure comprising a first III-N material and having a sloped sidewall; and a cap comprising a second III-N material, wherein the cap extends laterally from a top surface of the structure and overhangs the sidewall of the structure. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein the structure extends over a length of the substrate and the cap extends over the structure along the length. 28. The device of claim 26, wherein the structure is a first structure, and the device further comprises a second structure and a third structure with the first structure therebetween, wherein the second and third structures extend the length over the substrate and comprise the same III-N material as the first structure. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein the cap extends laterally over a first separation between the first structure and the second structure, and extends laterally over a second separation between the first structure and the third structure. 30. The device of claim 29, further comprising a dielectric material within the first and second separations. 31. The device of claim 28, wherein the second and third structures have a first sidewall adjacent to the first structure, and wherein the first sidewall has a steeper slope than the sidewall of the first structure. 32. The device of claims 26, wherein the first III-N material has a different composition than the second III-N material, the structure extends from a seed layer comprising a third III-N material on the substrate, and the third III-N material has a different composition than the first III-N material. 33. The device of claim 26, further comprising at least one layer on the cap, the at least one layer comprising a fourth III-N material different from the second III-N material. 34. The device of claim 26, wherein the first and second III-N materials are substantially monocrystalline and have the same crystallographic orientation. 35. The device of claim 34, wherein at least one of the first and second III-N materials is one of GaN, AlN. InN, AlGaN, InAlN, or InGaN. 36. A system, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor comprising
the device of claim 26, and one or more device terminals coupled to the cap. 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the device comprises one of a transistor, a light emitting diode, or a resonator. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein:
the device comprises the transistor, and wherein:
the cap comprises a polarization layer;
the polarization layer extends over the second III-N material, and comprises a third III-N material comprising at least one of AlN, AlGaN or InAlN and having a composition distinct from the second III-N material, the third III-N material; or
the device comprises the light-emitting diode, and wherein: the cap comprises a quantum well layer; the quantum well layer extends over a portion of the second III-N material, and comprises alternating layers of the second III-N material and a fourth III-N material, the fourth III-N material having a bandgap different from the bandgap of the cap material, and comprising an InGaN alloy having a composition that ranges from 5% to 40% indium. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the device comprises the transistor, and wherein the one or more device terminals coupled to the cap comprise:
a gate electrode over at least a portion of a dielectric layer that extends over one or more portions of the polarization layer; a source electrode over a source region, the source region adjacent to a first side of the dielectric layer; and a drain electrode over a drain region, the drain region adjacent to a second side of the dielectric layer, wherein the source region and the drain region extend from the dielectric layer along a width or length of the cap. 40. The system of claim 37, wherein the device comprises the resonator, the cap comprises AlN, and the one or more device terminals include regions comprising silicon. 41. The system of claim 37, wherein the cap extends laterally over a first separation between the first structure and a second, adjacent, structure, and extends laterally over a second separation between the first structure and a third, adjacent, structure. 42. A method for making a device, comprising:
forming one or more openings within a first dielectric material over a substrate; growing a structure comprising a first III-N material within individual ones of the openings to extend over a length of the substrate and extend over a portion of the first dielectric material; sloping a sidewall of the structure by decomposing the first III-N material; and growing a cap comprising a second III-N material over a top surface of the structure and laterally from the top surface to overhang the sloped sidewall. 43. The method for making a device of claim 42, further comprising forming a second dielectric material over the first dielectric material, wherein an interface is formed between the second dielectric material and the sidewall. 44. The method for making a device of claim 43, wherein forming a second dielectric material over the first dielectric material comprises depositing a tensile-stressed dielectric material. 45. The method for making a device of claim 42, wherein decomposing the first III-N material separates an edge portion of the first structure into a separate structure. | A structure, comprising an island comprising a III-N material. The island extends over a substrate and has a sloped sidewall. A cap comprising a III-N material extends laterally from a top surface and overhangs the sidewall of the island. A device, such as a transistor, light emitting diode, or resonator, may be formed within, or over, the cap.1-25. (canceled) 26. A microelectronic device, comprising:
a structure over a substrate, the structure comprising a first III-N material and having a sloped sidewall; and a cap comprising a second III-N material, wherein the cap extends laterally from a top surface of the structure and overhangs the sidewall of the structure. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein the structure extends over a length of the substrate and the cap extends over the structure along the length. 28. The device of claim 26, wherein the structure is a first structure, and the device further comprises a second structure and a third structure with the first structure therebetween, wherein the second and third structures extend the length over the substrate and comprise the same III-N material as the first structure. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein the cap extends laterally over a first separation between the first structure and the second structure, and extends laterally over a second separation between the first structure and the third structure. 30. The device of claim 29, further comprising a dielectric material within the first and second separations. 31. The device of claim 28, wherein the second and third structures have a first sidewall adjacent to the first structure, and wherein the first sidewall has a steeper slope than the sidewall of the first structure. 32. The device of claims 26, wherein the first III-N material has a different composition than the second III-N material, the structure extends from a seed layer comprising a third III-N material on the substrate, and the third III-N material has a different composition than the first III-N material. 33. The device of claim 26, further comprising at least one layer on the cap, the at least one layer comprising a fourth III-N material different from the second III-N material. 34. The device of claim 26, wherein the first and second III-N materials are substantially monocrystalline and have the same crystallographic orientation. 35. The device of claim 34, wherein at least one of the first and second III-N materials is one of GaN, AlN. InN, AlGaN, InAlN, or InGaN. 36. A system, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor comprising
the device of claim 26, and one or more device terminals coupled to the cap. 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the device comprises one of a transistor, a light emitting diode, or a resonator. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein:
the device comprises the transistor, and wherein:
the cap comprises a polarization layer;
the polarization layer extends over the second III-N material, and comprises a third III-N material comprising at least one of AlN, AlGaN or InAlN and having a composition distinct from the second III-N material, the third III-N material; or
the device comprises the light-emitting diode, and wherein: the cap comprises a quantum well layer; the quantum well layer extends over a portion of the second III-N material, and comprises alternating layers of the second III-N material and a fourth III-N material, the fourth III-N material having a bandgap different from the bandgap of the cap material, and comprising an InGaN alloy having a composition that ranges from 5% to 40% indium. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the device comprises the transistor, and wherein the one or more device terminals coupled to the cap comprise:
a gate electrode over at least a portion of a dielectric layer that extends over one or more portions of the polarization layer; a source electrode over a source region, the source region adjacent to a first side of the dielectric layer; and a drain electrode over a drain region, the drain region adjacent to a second side of the dielectric layer, wherein the source region and the drain region extend from the dielectric layer along a width or length of the cap. 40. The system of claim 37, wherein the device comprises the resonator, the cap comprises AlN, and the one or more device terminals include regions comprising silicon. 41. The system of claim 37, wherein the cap extends laterally over a first separation between the first structure and a second, adjacent, structure, and extends laterally over a second separation between the first structure and a third, adjacent, structure. 42. A method for making a device, comprising:
forming one or more openings within a first dielectric material over a substrate; growing a structure comprising a first III-N material within individual ones of the openings to extend over a length of the substrate and extend over a portion of the first dielectric material; sloping a sidewall of the structure by decomposing the first III-N material; and growing a cap comprising a second III-N material over a top surface of the structure and laterally from the top surface to overhang the sloped sidewall. 43. The method for making a device of claim 42, further comprising forming a second dielectric material over the first dielectric material, wherein an interface is formed between the second dielectric material and the sidewall. 44. The method for making a device of claim 43, wherein forming a second dielectric material over the first dielectric material comprises depositing a tensile-stressed dielectric material. 45. The method for making a device of claim 42, wherein decomposing the first III-N material separates an edge portion of the first structure into a separate structure. | 2,800 |
343,109 | 16,642,858 | 1,617 | Nutritional supplement compositions for enhancement of day-time mood and night-time sleep quality are disclosed. A nutritional supplement composition can include one or more of plant material from Corn grass, Griffonia seed, vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol), Magnesium, and Zinc. Related processes are also disclosed. | 1. A nutritional supplement comprising:
plant material from Corn grass; and plant material from Griffonia seed. 2. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the Corn grass is from the species Zea mays, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 25 mg and about 250 mg of corn grass extract. 3. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the Griffonia seed is from the species Griffonia simplicifolia, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises comprising between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of Griffonia seed. 4. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the Corn grass and Griffonia seed are combined with vitamin/mineral cofactors for neurotransmitter metabolism (Vitamins B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, Magnesium, Zinc). 5. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 6. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 7. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. 8. A method of altering the mood state of a subject, the method comprising:
obtaining the nutritional supplement of claim 1; and ingesting the nutritional supplement. 9. A method of altering the mood state of a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
administering to the subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising plant material from Corn grass; and plant material from Griffonia seed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plant material from Corn grass of the nutritional supplement is from the species Zea mays, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 25 mg and about 250 mg of corn grass extract. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the plant material from Griffonia seed is from the species Griffonia simplicifolia, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of Griffonia seed. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the plant material from Corn grass and the plant material from Griffonia seed are combined with vitamin/mineral cofactors for neurotransmitter metabolism (Vitamins B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, Magnesium, Zinc). 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. 16. A method of altering the mood state of a human subject, the method comprising the steps of:
administering to the human subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising between about 25 mg and about 250 mg of corn grass extract from the species Zea mays; between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of Griffonia seed from the species Griffonia simplicifolia; and vitamin/mineral cofactors selected from the group consisting of Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Zinc. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. | Nutritional supplement compositions for enhancement of day-time mood and night-time sleep quality are disclosed. A nutritional supplement composition can include one or more of plant material from Corn grass, Griffonia seed, vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol), Magnesium, and Zinc. Related processes are also disclosed.1. A nutritional supplement comprising:
plant material from Corn grass; and plant material from Griffonia seed. 2. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the Corn grass is from the species Zea mays, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 25 mg and about 250 mg of corn grass extract. 3. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the Griffonia seed is from the species Griffonia simplicifolia, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises comprising between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of Griffonia seed. 4. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the Corn grass and Griffonia seed are combined with vitamin/mineral cofactors for neurotransmitter metabolism (Vitamins B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, Magnesium, Zinc). 5. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 6. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 7. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. 8. A method of altering the mood state of a subject, the method comprising:
obtaining the nutritional supplement of claim 1; and ingesting the nutritional supplement. 9. A method of altering the mood state of a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
administering to the subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising plant material from Corn grass; and plant material from Griffonia seed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plant material from Corn grass of the nutritional supplement is from the species Zea mays, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 25 mg and about 250 mg of corn grass extract. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the plant material from Griffonia seed is from the species Griffonia simplicifolia, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of Griffonia seed. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the plant material from Corn grass and the plant material from Griffonia seed are combined with vitamin/mineral cofactors for neurotransmitter metabolism (Vitamins B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, Magnesium, Zinc). 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. 16. A method of altering the mood state of a human subject, the method comprising the steps of:
administering to the human subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising between about 25 mg and about 250 mg of corn grass extract from the species Zea mays; between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of Griffonia seed from the species Griffonia simplicifolia; and vitamin/mineral cofactors selected from the group consisting of Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Zinc. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. | 1,600 |
343,110 | 16,642,838 | 1,617 | A method for producing an optical component, the method including: a step of injecting a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component into a molding die using a tube; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition, wherein a percentage content of a plasticizer in the tube is 20% by mass or less. | 1. A method for producing an optical component, the method comprising:
a step of injecting a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component into a molding die using a tube; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition, wherein a percentage content of a plasticizer in the tube is 20% by mass or less. 2. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the material for the tube is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicone rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer. 3. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is a polydialkylsiloxane or a polyvalent carboxylic acid ester. 4. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tube has a length of 1 m or more and 80 m or less. 5. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the polythiol component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 4,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 4,8-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 5,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), butanediol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), butanediol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(2-mercaptoacetate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate). 6. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. 7. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the molding die has a pair of molds and a tape or a gasket for separating these molds apart and fixing the molds. 8. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the optical component is a spectacle lens substrate. | A method for producing an optical component, the method including: a step of injecting a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component into a molding die using a tube; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition, wherein a percentage content of a plasticizer in the tube is 20% by mass or less.1. A method for producing an optical component, the method comprising:
a step of injecting a polymerizable composition including a polythiol component and a polyisocyanate component into a molding die using a tube; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition, wherein a percentage content of a plasticizer in the tube is 20% by mass or less. 2. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the material for the tube is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicone rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer. 3. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is a polydialkylsiloxane or a polyvalent carboxylic acid ester. 4. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the tube has a length of 1 m or more and 80 m or less. 5. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the polythiol component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 4,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 4,8-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, 5,7-bis(mercaptomethyl)-3,6,9-trithia-1,11-undecanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), butanediol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), butanediol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(2-mercaptoacetate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate). 6. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate component includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. 7. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1 wherein the molding die has a pair of molds and a tape or a gasket for separating these molds apart and fixing the molds. 8. The method for producing an optical component according to claim 1, wherein the optical component is a spectacle lens substrate. | 1,600 |
343,111 | 16,642,834 | 1,617 | A method and apparatus for calibrating an antenna array are described. Input signals and feedback signals are received, where the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at a plurality of sub-arrays. A first interference reduced feedback signals is determined. A current estimation of the impairment function is determined. A second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function, the input signals and the feedback signal. Responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria, the current estimation of the impairment function is caused to be used for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array and removing distortion. | 1. A method of calibrating an antenna array of a base station to remove distortion incurred by input signals within a plurality of transmit paths in the base station, the antenna array including a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein each one of the plurality of sub-arrays is coupled to a respective one from the plurality of transmit paths for transmitting an input signal from the input signals to a wireless network, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving the input signals prior to the input signals entering the transmit paths; (b) for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, setting an impairment function to a previous estimation of the impairment function; (c) receiving a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed the transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at the plurality of sub-arrays; (d) determining a first interference reduced feedback signal based on the previous estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (e) determining for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, a current estimation of the impairment function based on the interference reduced feedback signal; (f) determining a second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (g) determining whether a power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria; and (h) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria, causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array of the base station and removing distortion. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
(i) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal does not satisfy the selection criteria, setting the current estimation of the impairment function to be the previous estimation of the impairment function; and
(j) repeating (d) to (j) until the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that a change in power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a first interference reduced feedback signal includes:
aligning the feedback signal and the input signals; and removing interference from the feedback signal to obtain the first interference reduced feedback signal, wherein the interference is determined based on the previous estimation of the impairment functions as applied to the input signals. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein to remove the interference is performed in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a determination, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of weights of an all-pass filter, wherein the all-pass filter has a frequency response that approximates the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region, where signal power of the input signals is above a threshold; and causing the set of weights to be inversed to obtain equalizer taps for each of the transmit paths. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a synthetization, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of equalizer taps that has a frequency response that approximates an inverse of the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region where the signal power of the input signals is above a threshold. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises causing the equalizer taps to be applied to the input signals before the input signals enter the transmit paths to remove the distortion incurred by the transmit paths. 10. A network element for calibrating an antenna array of a base station to remove distortion incurred by input signals within a plurality of transmit paths in the base station, the antenna array including a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein each one of the plurality of sub-arrays is coupled to a respective one from the plurality of transmit paths for transmitting an input signal from the input signals to a wireless network, the network element comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium to store instructions; and a processor coupled with the non-transitory computer readable storage medium to process the stored instructions to:
(a) receive the input signals prior to the input signals entering the transmit paths;
(b) for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, set an impairment function to a previous estimation of the impairment function;
(c) receive a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed the transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at the plurality of sub-arrays;
(d) determine a first interference reduced feedback signal based on the previous estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal;
(e) determine for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, a current estimation of the impairment function based on the interference reduced feedback signal;
(f) determine a second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal;
(g) determine whether a power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria; and
(h) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria, cause the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array of the base station and removing distortion. 11. The network element of claim 10, wherein the processor is further to:
(i) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal does not satisfy the selection criteria, set the current estimation of the impairment function to be the previous estimation of the impairment function; and (j) repeat (d) to (j) until the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria. 12. The network element of claim 10, wherein to determine that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes to determine that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 13. The network element of claim 10, wherein to determine that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes to determine that a change in power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 14. The network element of claim 10, wherein to determine a first interference reduced feedback signal includes to:
align the feedback signal and the input signals; and remove interference from the feedback signal to obtain the first interference reduced feedback signal, wherein the interference is determined based on the previous estimation of the impairment functions as applied to the input signals. 15. The network element of claim 14, wherein to remove the interference is performed in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain. 16. The network element of claim 10, wherein to cause the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
to cause a determination, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of weights of an all-pass filter, wherein the all-pass filter has a frequency response that approximates the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region, where signal power of the input signals is above a threshold; and to cause the set of weights to be inversed to obtain equalizer taps for each of the transmit paths. 17. The network element of claim 10, wherein to cause the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
to cause a synthetization, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of equalizer taps that has a frequency response that approximates an inverse of the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region where the signal power of the input signals is above a threshold. 18. The network element of claim 16, wherein the processor is further to cause the equalizer taps to be applied the input signals before the input signals enter the transmit paths to remove the distortion incurred by the transmit paths. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium that provide instructions, which when executed by a processor of a base station, cause said processor to calibrate an antenna array of a base station to remove distortion incurred by input signals within a plurality of transmit paths in the base station, the antenna array including a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein each one of the plurality of sub-arrays is coupled to a respective one from the plurality of transmit paths for transmitting an input signal from the input signals to a wireless network, by performing operations comprising:
(a) receiving the input signals prior to the input signals entering the transmit paths; (b) for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, setting an impairment function to a previous estimation of the impairment function; (c) receiving a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed the transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at the plurality of sub-arrays; (d) determining a first interference reduced feedback signal based on the previous estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (e) determining for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, a current estimation of the impairment function based on the interference reduced feedback signal; (f) determining a second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (g) determining whether a power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria; and (h) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria, causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array of the base station and removing distortion. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise:
(i) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal does not satisfy the selection criteria, setting the current estimation of the impairment function to be the previous estimation of the impairment function; and (j) repeating (d) to (j) until the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria. 21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that a change in power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining a first interference reduced feedback signal includes:
aligning the feedback signal and the input signals; and removing interference from the feedback signal to obtain the first interference reduced feedback signal, wherein the interference is determined based on the previous estimation of the impairment functions as applied to the input signals. 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein to remove the interference is performed in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a determination, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of weights of an all-pass filter, wherein the all-pass filter has a frequency response that approximates the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region, where signal power of the input signals is above a threshold; and causing the set of weights to be inversed to obtain equalizer taps for each of the transmit paths. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a synthetization, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of equalizer taps that has a frequency response that approximates an inverse of the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region where the signal power of the input signals is above a threshold. 27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the operations further comprise causing the equalizer taps to be applied to the input signals before the input signals enter the transmit paths to remove the distortion incurred by the transmit paths. | A method and apparatus for calibrating an antenna array are described. Input signals and feedback signals are received, where the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at a plurality of sub-arrays. A first interference reduced feedback signals is determined. A current estimation of the impairment function is determined. A second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function, the input signals and the feedback signal. Responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria, the current estimation of the impairment function is caused to be used for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array and removing distortion.1. A method of calibrating an antenna array of a base station to remove distortion incurred by input signals within a plurality of transmit paths in the base station, the antenna array including a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein each one of the plurality of sub-arrays is coupled to a respective one from the plurality of transmit paths for transmitting an input signal from the input signals to a wireless network, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving the input signals prior to the input signals entering the transmit paths; (b) for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, setting an impairment function to a previous estimation of the impairment function; (c) receiving a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed the transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at the plurality of sub-arrays; (d) determining a first interference reduced feedback signal based on the previous estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (e) determining for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, a current estimation of the impairment function based on the interference reduced feedback signal; (f) determining a second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (g) determining whether a power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria; and (h) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria, causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array of the base station and removing distortion. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
(i) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal does not satisfy the selection criteria, setting the current estimation of the impairment function to be the previous estimation of the impairment function; and
(j) repeating (d) to (j) until the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that a change in power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a first interference reduced feedback signal includes:
aligning the feedback signal and the input signals; and removing interference from the feedback signal to obtain the first interference reduced feedback signal, wherein the interference is determined based on the previous estimation of the impairment functions as applied to the input signals. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein to remove the interference is performed in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a determination, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of weights of an all-pass filter, wherein the all-pass filter has a frequency response that approximates the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region, where signal power of the input signals is above a threshold; and causing the set of weights to be inversed to obtain equalizer taps for each of the transmit paths. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a synthetization, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of equalizer taps that has a frequency response that approximates an inverse of the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region where the signal power of the input signals is above a threshold. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises causing the equalizer taps to be applied to the input signals before the input signals enter the transmit paths to remove the distortion incurred by the transmit paths. 10. A network element for calibrating an antenna array of a base station to remove distortion incurred by input signals within a plurality of transmit paths in the base station, the antenna array including a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein each one of the plurality of sub-arrays is coupled to a respective one from the plurality of transmit paths for transmitting an input signal from the input signals to a wireless network, the network element comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium to store instructions; and a processor coupled with the non-transitory computer readable storage medium to process the stored instructions to:
(a) receive the input signals prior to the input signals entering the transmit paths;
(b) for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, set an impairment function to a previous estimation of the impairment function;
(c) receive a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed the transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at the plurality of sub-arrays;
(d) determine a first interference reduced feedback signal based on the previous estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal;
(e) determine for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, a current estimation of the impairment function based on the interference reduced feedback signal;
(f) determine a second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal;
(g) determine whether a power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria; and
(h) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria, cause the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array of the base station and removing distortion. 11. The network element of claim 10, wherein the processor is further to:
(i) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal does not satisfy the selection criteria, set the current estimation of the impairment function to be the previous estimation of the impairment function; and (j) repeat (d) to (j) until the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria. 12. The network element of claim 10, wherein to determine that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes to determine that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 13. The network element of claim 10, wherein to determine that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes to determine that a change in power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 14. The network element of claim 10, wherein to determine a first interference reduced feedback signal includes to:
align the feedback signal and the input signals; and remove interference from the feedback signal to obtain the first interference reduced feedback signal, wherein the interference is determined based on the previous estimation of the impairment functions as applied to the input signals. 15. The network element of claim 14, wherein to remove the interference is performed in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain. 16. The network element of claim 10, wherein to cause the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
to cause a determination, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of weights of an all-pass filter, wherein the all-pass filter has a frequency response that approximates the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region, where signal power of the input signals is above a threshold; and to cause the set of weights to be inversed to obtain equalizer taps for each of the transmit paths. 17. The network element of claim 10, wherein to cause the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
to cause a synthetization, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of equalizer taps that has a frequency response that approximates an inverse of the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region where the signal power of the input signals is above a threshold. 18. The network element of claim 16, wherein the processor is further to cause the equalizer taps to be applied the input signals before the input signals enter the transmit paths to remove the distortion incurred by the transmit paths. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium that provide instructions, which when executed by a processor of a base station, cause said processor to calibrate an antenna array of a base station to remove distortion incurred by input signals within a plurality of transmit paths in the base station, the antenna array including a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein each one of the plurality of sub-arrays is coupled to a respective one from the plurality of transmit paths for transmitting an input signal from the input signals to a wireless network, by performing operations comprising:
(a) receiving the input signals prior to the input signals entering the transmit paths; (b) for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, setting an impairment function to a previous estimation of the impairment function; (c) receiving a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is a combination of the input signals as captured after having traversed the transmit paths and prior to being transmitted at the plurality of sub-arrays; (d) determining a first interference reduced feedback signal based on the previous estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (e) determining for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, a current estimation of the impairment function based on the interference reduced feedback signal; (f) determining a second interference reduced feedback signals based on the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths, the input signals and the feedback signal; (g) determining whether a power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies a selection criteria; and (h) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria, causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array of the base station and removing distortion. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise:
(i) responsive to determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal does not satisfy the selection criteria, setting the current estimation of the impairment function to be the previous estimation of the impairment function; and (j) repeating (d) to (j) until the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria. 21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that the power of the second interference reduced feedback signal satisfies the selection criteria includes determining that a change in power of the second interference reduced feedback signal is smaller than a predetermined threshold. 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining a first interference reduced feedback signal includes:
aligning the feedback signal and the input signals; and removing interference from the feedback signal to obtain the first interference reduced feedback signal, wherein the interference is determined based on the previous estimation of the impairment functions as applied to the input signals. 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein to remove the interference is performed in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a determination, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of weights of an all-pass filter, wherein the all-pass filter has a frequency response that approximates the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region, where signal power of the input signals is above a threshold; and causing the set of weights to be inversed to obtain equalizer taps for each of the transmit paths. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein causing the use of the current estimation of the impairment function for each one of the plurality of transmit paths for calibration of the antenna array includes:
causing a synthetization, for each of the transmit paths, of a set of equalizer taps that has a frequency response that approximates an inverse of the current estimation of the impairment function in an occupied frequency region where the signal power of the input signals is above a threshold. 27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the operations further comprise causing the equalizer taps to be applied to the input signals before the input signals enter the transmit paths to remove the distortion incurred by the transmit paths. | 1,600 |
343,112 | 16,642,827 | 1,617 | The present disclosure generally relates to an isolation device for use in processing systems. The isolation device has a body with an inlet opening disposed at a first end coupled to a processing system component such as a remote plasma source and outlet openings, for example two, disposed at a second end which are coupled to a processing system component such as a process chamber. Flaps disposed within the body are actuatable to an open position from a closed position or to a closed position from an open position, to selectively allow or prevent passage of a fluid from the processing system component coupled to the isolation device to the other processing system component coupled thereto. | 1. An isolation device, comprising:
a body having an inlet opening at a first end and one or more outlet openings at a second end; an isolation volume defined in the body; a first flap disposed within the isolation volume; and a second flap disposed within the isolation volume, wherein the first flap and the second flap are pivotally actuated to selectively allow access to and block access to at least one of the inlet opening or the one or more outlet openings. 2. The isolation device of claim 1, further comprising a first seal disposed in the first flap and at least one second seal disposed within the second flap, wherein the first seal surrounds the at least one second seal, and the at least one second seal surrounds at least one of the one or more outlet openings when the second flap is positioned to block access to the outlet openings. 3. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the first flap and the second flap are positioned face-to-face when in the first flap and the second flap are positioned to allow access to the inlet opening and the outlet openings. 4. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the body, the first flap, and the second flap include cooling channels formed therein. 5. The isolation device of claim 1, further comprising a pressure relief system coupled to the isolation volume. 6. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the body, the first flap, and the second flap comprise a metal containing material. 7. A system for processing a substrate, comprising:
a remote plasma source; one or more process chambers fluidly coupled to the remote plasma source; and an isolation device disposed between the remote plasma source and the one or more process chambers, the isolation device comprising:
a body having an inlet opening and at least one outlet opening;
an isolation volume defined in the body;
a first flap disposed within the isolation volume; and
a second flap disposed within the isolation volume. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the isolation device further comprises a first seal disposed in the first flap and at least one second seal disposed within the second flap, wherein the first seal surrounds the at least one second seal, and the at least one second seal surrounds the at least one outlet opening when the second flap is positioned to prevent access to the at least one outlet opening. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one second seal comprises two seals, each of the two seals configured to surround one of the at least one outlet opening. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the first flap and the second flap are positioned face-to-face when the first flap and the second flap are positioned to allow access to the inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more process chambers comprises a plurality of process chambers, and each of the at least one outlet openings correspond to a respective process chamber of the plurality of process chambers. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the first flap and the second flap are coupled to rotary shafts. 13. The system of claim 7, where in the isolation device further comprises a pressure relief system coupled to the isolation volume. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one outlet opening comprises two outlet openings and the one or more process chambers comprises two process chambers. 15. A method for processing a substrate comprising:
blocking fluid communication between a remote plasma source and a process chamber with an isolation device, the blocking comprising:
moving a first flap of the isolation device to a first position blocking access to a first port disposed in a first end of the isolation device; and
moving a second flap of the isolation device to a second position to block access to at least two second ports disposed in a second end of the isolation device. 16. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the first flap and the second flap are coupled to rotary shafts. 17. The isolation device of claim 6, wherein the metal containing material comprises aluminum. 18. The system of claim 12, and wherein the body, the first flap, and the second flap comprise a metal containing material. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the metal containing material comprises aluminum. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the inlet opening is in fluid communication with the remote plasma source and the two outlet openings are each in fluid communication with one of the two process chambers. | The present disclosure generally relates to an isolation device for use in processing systems. The isolation device has a body with an inlet opening disposed at a first end coupled to a processing system component such as a remote plasma source and outlet openings, for example two, disposed at a second end which are coupled to a processing system component such as a process chamber. Flaps disposed within the body are actuatable to an open position from a closed position or to a closed position from an open position, to selectively allow or prevent passage of a fluid from the processing system component coupled to the isolation device to the other processing system component coupled thereto.1. An isolation device, comprising:
a body having an inlet opening at a first end and one or more outlet openings at a second end; an isolation volume defined in the body; a first flap disposed within the isolation volume; and a second flap disposed within the isolation volume, wherein the first flap and the second flap are pivotally actuated to selectively allow access to and block access to at least one of the inlet opening or the one or more outlet openings. 2. The isolation device of claim 1, further comprising a first seal disposed in the first flap and at least one second seal disposed within the second flap, wherein the first seal surrounds the at least one second seal, and the at least one second seal surrounds at least one of the one or more outlet openings when the second flap is positioned to block access to the outlet openings. 3. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the first flap and the second flap are positioned face-to-face when in the first flap and the second flap are positioned to allow access to the inlet opening and the outlet openings. 4. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the body, the first flap, and the second flap include cooling channels formed therein. 5. The isolation device of claim 1, further comprising a pressure relief system coupled to the isolation volume. 6. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the body, the first flap, and the second flap comprise a metal containing material. 7. A system for processing a substrate, comprising:
a remote plasma source; one or more process chambers fluidly coupled to the remote plasma source; and an isolation device disposed between the remote plasma source and the one or more process chambers, the isolation device comprising:
a body having an inlet opening and at least one outlet opening;
an isolation volume defined in the body;
a first flap disposed within the isolation volume; and
a second flap disposed within the isolation volume. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the isolation device further comprises a first seal disposed in the first flap and at least one second seal disposed within the second flap, wherein the first seal surrounds the at least one second seal, and the at least one second seal surrounds the at least one outlet opening when the second flap is positioned to prevent access to the at least one outlet opening. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one second seal comprises two seals, each of the two seals configured to surround one of the at least one outlet opening. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the first flap and the second flap are positioned face-to-face when the first flap and the second flap are positioned to allow access to the inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more process chambers comprises a plurality of process chambers, and each of the at least one outlet openings correspond to a respective process chamber of the plurality of process chambers. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the first flap and the second flap are coupled to rotary shafts. 13. The system of claim 7, where in the isolation device further comprises a pressure relief system coupled to the isolation volume. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one outlet opening comprises two outlet openings and the one or more process chambers comprises two process chambers. 15. A method for processing a substrate comprising:
blocking fluid communication between a remote plasma source and a process chamber with an isolation device, the blocking comprising:
moving a first flap of the isolation device to a first position blocking access to a first port disposed in a first end of the isolation device; and
moving a second flap of the isolation device to a second position to block access to at least two second ports disposed in a second end of the isolation device. 16. The isolation device of claim 1, wherein the first flap and the second flap are coupled to rotary shafts. 17. The isolation device of claim 6, wherein the metal containing material comprises aluminum. 18. The system of claim 12, and wherein the body, the first flap, and the second flap comprise a metal containing material. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the metal containing material comprises aluminum. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the inlet opening is in fluid communication with the remote plasma source and the two outlet openings are each in fluid communication with one of the two process chambers. | 1,600 |
343,113 | 16,642,839 | 1,617 | According to the present disclosure, an additional sound generating unit detects, as a noise frequency, a frequency of a noise at a control point and generates an additional sound signal including signal components with additional frequencies different from the noise frequency. A canceling signal generating unit generates a canceling signal that cancels the noise at the control point. An emission unit outputs a control sound signal, generated by adding the additional sound signal to the canceling signal, to a loudspeaker and makes the loudspeaker emit the control sound. | 1. A signal processor comprising:
an additional sound generating unit configured to detect, as a noise frequency, a frequency of a noise produced from a noise source and to generate an additional sound signal including a signal component with an additional frequency different from the noise frequency; a canceling signal generating unit configured to generate a canceling signal for canceling the noise at a control point that the noise and a control sound emitted from a sound emitter reach; and an emission unit configured to output a control sound signal, generated by adding the additional sound signal to the canceling signal, to the sound emitter and to make the sound emitter emit the control sound, a ratio of the additional frequency to the noise frequency being a ratio of integers. 2. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the noise frequency is a frequency of the noise at the control point. 3. (canceled) 4. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the additional frequency to the noise frequency is at least one of 5/4, 3/2, or 5/3. 5. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to generate the additional sound signal including respective signal components with a plurality of the additional frequencies corresponding to the noise frequency. 6. The signal processor of claim 5, wherein
respective powers of the additional sound signal at the plurality of additional frequencies have values on a virtual line that has a constant gradient with respect to a frequency represented by a logarithmic axis. 7. The signal processor of claim 6, wherein
the gradient is equal to zero. 8. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the signal component with the additional frequency has a sinusoidal waveform. 9. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to detect, as the noise frequency, a frequency at which power of the noise picked up at the control point reaches a local maximum value. 10. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to detect, as the noise frequency, a frequency of a period noise out of the noise. 11. The signal processor of 10 claim 1, further comprising a subtractor configured to generate an error signal by removing a signal component of the additional sound signal from a signal representing the sound picked up at the control point, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to detect the noise frequency based on the error signal. 12. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the canceling signal generating unit includes: a noise control filter, for which a first filter coefficient is set and which is configured to generate the canceling signal by receiving a noise signal that is a signal representing the noise picked up by a sound collector at the control point and by performing arithmetic processing based on the noise signal and the first filter coefficient; a correction filter, for which a sound wave transmission characteristic from the sound emitter to the sound collector is set as a second filter coefficient, and which is configured to generate a reference signal by performing arithmetic processing based on the noise signal and the second filter coefficient; and a coefficient updating unit configured to obtain the first filter coefficient based on the reference signal and update the first filter coefficient of the noise control filter. 13. A noise canceling system comprising:
the signal processor of claim 1; a sound collector configured to convert a sound picked up at the control point into a picked up signal, and output the picked up signal to the signal processor; and a sound emitter configured to receive the control sound signal and emit the control sound. 14. A signal processing method comprising:
detecting, as a noise frequency, a frequency of a noise produced from a noise source to generate an additional sound signal including a signal component with an additional frequency different from the noise frequency; generating a canceling signal for canceling the noise at a control point that the noise and a control sound emitted from a sound emitter reach; and 15. A program designed to make a computer system execute the signal processing method of claim 14. | According to the present disclosure, an additional sound generating unit detects, as a noise frequency, a frequency of a noise at a control point and generates an additional sound signal including signal components with additional frequencies different from the noise frequency. A canceling signal generating unit generates a canceling signal that cancels the noise at the control point. An emission unit outputs a control sound signal, generated by adding the additional sound signal to the canceling signal, to a loudspeaker and makes the loudspeaker emit the control sound.1. A signal processor comprising:
an additional sound generating unit configured to detect, as a noise frequency, a frequency of a noise produced from a noise source and to generate an additional sound signal including a signal component with an additional frequency different from the noise frequency; a canceling signal generating unit configured to generate a canceling signal for canceling the noise at a control point that the noise and a control sound emitted from a sound emitter reach; and an emission unit configured to output a control sound signal, generated by adding the additional sound signal to the canceling signal, to the sound emitter and to make the sound emitter emit the control sound, a ratio of the additional frequency to the noise frequency being a ratio of integers. 2. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the noise frequency is a frequency of the noise at the control point. 3. (canceled) 4. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the additional frequency to the noise frequency is at least one of 5/4, 3/2, or 5/3. 5. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to generate the additional sound signal including respective signal components with a plurality of the additional frequencies corresponding to the noise frequency. 6. The signal processor of claim 5, wherein
respective powers of the additional sound signal at the plurality of additional frequencies have values on a virtual line that has a constant gradient with respect to a frequency represented by a logarithmic axis. 7. The signal processor of claim 6, wherein
the gradient is equal to zero. 8. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the signal component with the additional frequency has a sinusoidal waveform. 9. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to detect, as the noise frequency, a frequency at which power of the noise picked up at the control point reaches a local maximum value. 10. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to detect, as the noise frequency, a frequency of a period noise out of the noise. 11. The signal processor of 10 claim 1, further comprising a subtractor configured to generate an error signal by removing a signal component of the additional sound signal from a signal representing the sound picked up at the control point, wherein
the additional sound generating unit is configured to detect the noise frequency based on the error signal. 12. The signal processor of claim 1, wherein
the canceling signal generating unit includes: a noise control filter, for which a first filter coefficient is set and which is configured to generate the canceling signal by receiving a noise signal that is a signal representing the noise picked up by a sound collector at the control point and by performing arithmetic processing based on the noise signal and the first filter coefficient; a correction filter, for which a sound wave transmission characteristic from the sound emitter to the sound collector is set as a second filter coefficient, and which is configured to generate a reference signal by performing arithmetic processing based on the noise signal and the second filter coefficient; and a coefficient updating unit configured to obtain the first filter coefficient based on the reference signal and update the first filter coefficient of the noise control filter. 13. A noise canceling system comprising:
the signal processor of claim 1; a sound collector configured to convert a sound picked up at the control point into a picked up signal, and output the picked up signal to the signal processor; and a sound emitter configured to receive the control sound signal and emit the control sound. 14. A signal processing method comprising:
detecting, as a noise frequency, a frequency of a noise produced from a noise source to generate an additional sound signal including a signal component with an additional frequency different from the noise frequency; generating a canceling signal for canceling the noise at a control point that the noise and a control sound emitted from a sound emitter reach; and 15. A program designed to make a computer system execute the signal processing method of claim 14. | 1,600 |
343,114 | 16,642,880 | 1,617 | A method of providing innovation services to a business or other organization includes the steps of an innovation services provider engaging with the business or organization to determine the improvement, describing or defining an IP right relating to an improvement to one or more processes, equipment or systems of the business or other organization and specifying a financial return to an innovation services provider for the improvement. The amount of the return is determined, at least partially, from the value or benefit or advantage of any sort to the business or other organization of the IP right as described or defined. | 1-48. (canceled) 49. A method of innovation comprising the steps of an organization disclosing aspects of the organization to an innovation services provider to innovate and specifying a financial return to said innovation services provider for a corresponding innovation, wherein said innovation services provider describes or defines or describes and defines said innovation as a corresponding IP right prior to its disclosure to said organization and the amount of said financial return is determined, at least partially, from the value or benefit or advantage of any sort or any other consideration or value of any kind to said organization of said IP right. 50. A method as claimed in claim 49 further comprising the step of said innovation services provider applying innovation expertise in relation to said disclosure. 51. A method as claimed in claim 50 further comprising the step of innovating. 52. A method as claimed in claim 51 wherein said step of describing or defining or describing and defining said innovation as a corresponding IP right further comprises the step of obtaining IP services in relation to said innovation. 53. A method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said innovation services provider comprises an IP services provider providing said IP services. 54. A method as claimed in claim 49 wherein said step of describing or defining or describing and defining said innovation as a corresponding IP right further comprises preparing a patent application. 55. A method as claimed in claim 54 further comprising the step of filing said patent application with one or more patent offices or equivalent organizations to obtain an official filing date prior to its disclosure, or the disclosure of said innovation, to said organization. 56. A method as claimed in claim 55 further comprising the step of describing or defining or describing and defining said innovation as a corresponding IP right in the name of said innovation services provider so that said innovation services provider owns said IP right. 57. A method as claimed in claim 56 further comprising the step of specifying an amount of said financial return in an agreement. 58. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 49. 59. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 54. 60. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 55. 61. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 56. 62. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 49 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. 63. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 54 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. 64. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 55 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. 65. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 56 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. | A method of providing innovation services to a business or other organization includes the steps of an innovation services provider engaging with the business or organization to determine the improvement, describing or defining an IP right relating to an improvement to one or more processes, equipment or systems of the business or other organization and specifying a financial return to an innovation services provider for the improvement. The amount of the return is determined, at least partially, from the value or benefit or advantage of any sort to the business or other organization of the IP right as described or defined.1-48. (canceled) 49. A method of innovation comprising the steps of an organization disclosing aspects of the organization to an innovation services provider to innovate and specifying a financial return to said innovation services provider for a corresponding innovation, wherein said innovation services provider describes or defines or describes and defines said innovation as a corresponding IP right prior to its disclosure to said organization and the amount of said financial return is determined, at least partially, from the value or benefit or advantage of any sort or any other consideration or value of any kind to said organization of said IP right. 50. A method as claimed in claim 49 further comprising the step of said innovation services provider applying innovation expertise in relation to said disclosure. 51. A method as claimed in claim 50 further comprising the step of innovating. 52. A method as claimed in claim 51 wherein said step of describing or defining or describing and defining said innovation as a corresponding IP right further comprises the step of obtaining IP services in relation to said innovation. 53. A method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said innovation services provider comprises an IP services provider providing said IP services. 54. A method as claimed in claim 49 wherein said step of describing or defining or describing and defining said innovation as a corresponding IP right further comprises preparing a patent application. 55. A method as claimed in claim 54 further comprising the step of filing said patent application with one or more patent offices or equivalent organizations to obtain an official filing date prior to its disclosure, or the disclosure of said innovation, to said organization. 56. A method as claimed in claim 55 further comprising the step of describing or defining or describing and defining said innovation as a corresponding IP right in the name of said innovation services provider so that said innovation services provider owns said IP right. 57. A method as claimed in claim 56 further comprising the step of specifying an amount of said financial return in an agreement. 58. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 49. 59. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 54. 60. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 55. 61. An IP right description or definition or description and definition deriving from a method of innovation of claim 56. 62. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 49 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. 63. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 54 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. 64. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 55 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. 65. An agreement deriving from the method of innovation of claim 56 comprising said IP right description or definition or description and definition. | 1,600 |
343,115 | 16,642,861 | 1,617 | A device including a III-N material is described. In an example, the device has terminal structure having a first group III-Nitride (III-N) material. The terminal structure has a central body and a first plurality of fins, and a second plurality of fins, opposite the first plurality of fins. A polarization charge inducing layer is above a first portion of the central body. A gate electrode is above the polarization charge inducing layer. The device further includes a source structure and a drain structure, each including impurity dopants, on opposite sides of the gate electrode and on the plurality of fins, and a source contact on the source structure and a drain contact on the drain structure. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A device comprising:
a terminal structure comprising a first group III-Nitride (III-N) material, the terminal structure having a central body, a first plurality of fins, and a second plurality of fins opposite the first plurality of fins; a polarization charge inducing layer above a first portion of the central body, the polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material; a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer; a source structure and a drain structure comprising a third III-N material with an impurity dopant on opposite sides of the gate electrode, the source structure above a second portion of the central body and above the first plurality of fins, the drain structure above a third portion of the central body and above the second plurality of fins; a source contact on the source structure; and a drain contact on the drain structure. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein each fin in the first or the second plurality of fins has a width between 100 nm-500 nm and a length between 0.5 micrometer and 1 micrometer. 28. The device of claim 27, where a spacing between adjacent fins in the first or the second plurality of fins is less than the width of individual ones of the adjacent fins. 29. The device of claim 27, wherein the number of fins in the first and the second plurality of fins is between 2-1000. 30. The device of claim 26, wherein the source contact has an area of contact over the first plurality of fins, wherein the area of contact has a first dimension that is greater than a combined width of the first plurality of fins summed with the combined width of the spacing between the first plurality of fins, and wherein the source contact has a second dimension that is approximately equal to a length of the fins. 31. The device of claim 26, wherein the drain contact has an area of contact on the drain structure, wherein the area of contact has a first dimension that is greater than a combined width of the second plurality of fins and the combined width of the spacing between the second plurality of fins and, wherein the drain contact has a second dimension that is approximately equal to the length of the second plurality of fins. 32. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure and a drain structure each comprise a faceted crystal having a sidewall that is sloped at approximately 60 degrees from an uppermost surface of the first or the second plurality of fins. 33. The device of claim 32, wherein the faceted crystal has an apex where multiple sidewall facets intersect. 34. The device of claim of claim 26, wherein the source structure and the drain structure each comprise a material that is lattice matched to the first III-N material, and an n-type impurity dopant. 35. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure and the drain structure each have an uppermost surface that is corrugated and wherein the corrugation is between 10 nm-50 nm. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the source structure and the drain structure each comprises a III-N material having an indium content that increases from 1% to 10%. 37. The device of claim 26, wherein the first III-N material includes a gallium nitride (GaN) and the second III-N material includes a III-N material that includes aluminum. 38. The device of claim 26, further comprising a gate dielectric layer between the gate electrode and the polarization charge inducing layer. 39. The device of claim 26, wherein the gate electrode comprises a work function layer and a gate metal cap. 40. A method of fabricating a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
forming a layer comprising a first group III-nitride (III-N) semiconductor material on a substrate; forming a polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material above the first layer; patterning the first III-N material and the polarization charge inducing layer into a central body, a first plurality of fins adjacent to a first side of the central body, and a second plurality of fins adjacent to a second side of the central body, opposite the first side; forming a first trench and a second trench, laterally separated from the first trench, in the first III-N material; forming a source structure in the first trench and a drain structure in the second trench; forming a gate dielectric layer on the polarization charge inducing layer; forming a gate electrode on the gate dielectric layer; and forming a source contact on the source structure and a drain contact on the drain structure. 41. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
depositing an electrically insulating layer on the patterned polarization charge inducing layer, between the first and the second plurality of fins and on the first III-N material between the first and the second plurality of fin; and planarizing the electrically insulating layer and removing it from an uppermost surface of the polarization charge inducing layer. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first recess and a second recess comprises removing polarization charge inducing layer from above the first and the second plurality of fins and from a portion of the central body. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the source structure comprises growing a third III-N material in the first recess and on the first III-N material, and forming the drain structure comprises growing the third III-N material in the second recess and on the first III-N material, wherein the growing comprises forming crystal structures with slanted sidewalls. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the growing comprises a merging of the slanted. sidewalls to form an apex. 45. A system comprising:
a processor; and a radio transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the transceiver includes a group III-Nitride (III-N) transistor comprising:
a terminal structure comprising a first group III-Nitride (III-N) material, the terminal structure having a central body, a first plurality of fins, and a second plurality of fins opposite the first plurality of fins;
a polarization charge inducing layer above a first portion of the central body, the polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material;
a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer;
a source structure and a drain structure comprising a third III-N material with an impurity dopant on opposite sides of the gate electrode, the source structure above a second portion of the central body and above the first plurality of fins, the drain structure above a third portion of the central body and above the second plurality of fins;
a source contact on the source structure; and
a drain contact on the drain structure. 46. The system of claim 45, where a spacing between adjacent fins in the first or the second plurality of fins is less than the width of individual ones of the adjacent fins. | A device including a III-N material is described. In an example, the device has terminal structure having a first group III-Nitride (III-N) material. The terminal structure has a central body and a first plurality of fins, and a second plurality of fins, opposite the first plurality of fins. A polarization charge inducing layer is above a first portion of the central body. A gate electrode is above the polarization charge inducing layer. The device further includes a source structure and a drain structure, each including impurity dopants, on opposite sides of the gate electrode and on the plurality of fins, and a source contact on the source structure and a drain contact on the drain structure.1-25. (canceled) 26. A device comprising:
a terminal structure comprising a first group III-Nitride (III-N) material, the terminal structure having a central body, a first plurality of fins, and a second plurality of fins opposite the first plurality of fins; a polarization charge inducing layer above a first portion of the central body, the polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material; a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer; a source structure and a drain structure comprising a third III-N material with an impurity dopant on opposite sides of the gate electrode, the source structure above a second portion of the central body and above the first plurality of fins, the drain structure above a third portion of the central body and above the second plurality of fins; a source contact on the source structure; and a drain contact on the drain structure. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein each fin in the first or the second plurality of fins has a width between 100 nm-500 nm and a length between 0.5 micrometer and 1 micrometer. 28. The device of claim 27, where a spacing between adjacent fins in the first or the second plurality of fins is less than the width of individual ones of the adjacent fins. 29. The device of claim 27, wherein the number of fins in the first and the second plurality of fins is between 2-1000. 30. The device of claim 26, wherein the source contact has an area of contact over the first plurality of fins, wherein the area of contact has a first dimension that is greater than a combined width of the first plurality of fins summed with the combined width of the spacing between the first plurality of fins, and wherein the source contact has a second dimension that is approximately equal to a length of the fins. 31. The device of claim 26, wherein the drain contact has an area of contact on the drain structure, wherein the area of contact has a first dimension that is greater than a combined width of the second plurality of fins and the combined width of the spacing between the second plurality of fins and, wherein the drain contact has a second dimension that is approximately equal to the length of the second plurality of fins. 32. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure and a drain structure each comprise a faceted crystal having a sidewall that is sloped at approximately 60 degrees from an uppermost surface of the first or the second plurality of fins. 33. The device of claim 32, wherein the faceted crystal has an apex where multiple sidewall facets intersect. 34. The device of claim of claim 26, wherein the source structure and the drain structure each comprise a material that is lattice matched to the first III-N material, and an n-type impurity dopant. 35. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure and the drain structure each have an uppermost surface that is corrugated and wherein the corrugation is between 10 nm-50 nm. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the source structure and the drain structure each comprises a III-N material having an indium content that increases from 1% to 10%. 37. The device of claim 26, wherein the first III-N material includes a gallium nitride (GaN) and the second III-N material includes a III-N material that includes aluminum. 38. The device of claim 26, further comprising a gate dielectric layer between the gate electrode and the polarization charge inducing layer. 39. The device of claim 26, wherein the gate electrode comprises a work function layer and a gate metal cap. 40. A method of fabricating a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
forming a layer comprising a first group III-nitride (III-N) semiconductor material on a substrate; forming a polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material above the first layer; patterning the first III-N material and the polarization charge inducing layer into a central body, a first plurality of fins adjacent to a first side of the central body, and a second plurality of fins adjacent to a second side of the central body, opposite the first side; forming a first trench and a second trench, laterally separated from the first trench, in the first III-N material; forming a source structure in the first trench and a drain structure in the second trench; forming a gate dielectric layer on the polarization charge inducing layer; forming a gate electrode on the gate dielectric layer; and forming a source contact on the source structure and a drain contact on the drain structure. 41. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
depositing an electrically insulating layer on the patterned polarization charge inducing layer, between the first and the second plurality of fins and on the first III-N material between the first and the second plurality of fin; and planarizing the electrically insulating layer and removing it from an uppermost surface of the polarization charge inducing layer. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first recess and a second recess comprises removing polarization charge inducing layer from above the first and the second plurality of fins and from a portion of the central body. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the source structure comprises growing a third III-N material in the first recess and on the first III-N material, and forming the drain structure comprises growing the third III-N material in the second recess and on the first III-N material, wherein the growing comprises forming crystal structures with slanted sidewalls. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the growing comprises a merging of the slanted. sidewalls to form an apex. 45. A system comprising:
a processor; and a radio transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the transceiver includes a group III-Nitride (III-N) transistor comprising:
a terminal structure comprising a first group III-Nitride (III-N) material, the terminal structure having a central body, a first plurality of fins, and a second plurality of fins opposite the first plurality of fins;
a polarization charge inducing layer above a first portion of the central body, the polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material;
a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer;
a source structure and a drain structure comprising a third III-N material with an impurity dopant on opposite sides of the gate electrode, the source structure above a second portion of the central body and above the first plurality of fins, the drain structure above a third portion of the central body and above the second plurality of fins;
a source contact on the source structure; and
a drain contact on the drain structure. 46. The system of claim 45, where a spacing between adjacent fins in the first or the second plurality of fins is less than the width of individual ones of the adjacent fins. | 1,600 |
343,116 | 16,642,868 | 1,617 | An electric axle drivetrain assembly for use in a vehicle. The electric axle drivetrain assembly includes a motor that is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a differential assembly. Drivingly connected to ends of the differential assembly is a first axle half shaft and a second axle half shaft. At least a portion of a first and second wheel end assembly is connected to at least a portion of an end of the first and second axle half shafts opposite the differential assembly. A vehicle suspension system having a support member has a first hub carrier portion connected to a first end portion thereof and a second hub carrier portion connected to a second end portion thereof. Connected to at least a portion of a chassis is the motor and/or the differential assembly. | 1. An electric axle drivetrain assembly, comprising:
a motor; a differential assembly drivingly connected to at least a portion of said motor; wherein a first axle half shaft is drivingly connected to at least a portion of an end of the differential assembly; wherein a second axle half shaft is drivingly connected to at least a portion of an end of the differential assembly opposite the first axle half shaft; wherein an end of the of the first axle half shaft opposite the differential assembly is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a first wheel end assembly; wherein an end of the second axle half shaft opposite the differential assembly is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a second wheel end assembly; a vehicle suspension system comprising a first hub carrier portion, a second hub carrier portion, and a support member, wherein said support member has a first end portion, a second end portion and an intermediate portion interposed between said first and second end portions; wherein at least a portion of a first end portion of said support member is connected to at least a portion of the first hub carrier portion; wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said support member is connected to at least a portion of the second hub carrier portion; a chassis; and wherein at least a portion of said motor and/or said differential assembly are connected to at least a portion of said chassis. 2. The electric axle drive train assembly of claim 1, further comprising a first gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of an end of said first gear assembly is drivingly connected to at least a portion of said motor and at least a portion of an end of said first gear assembly opposite said motor is drivingly connected to at least a portion of said differential assembly. 3. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a first leaf spring assembly and a second leaf spring assembly;
wherein at least a portion of said first leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of a first hub carrier portion mounting flange; and wherein at least a portion of said second leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of a second hub carrier portion mounting flange. 4. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first hub carrier portion has a first hub carrier portion aperture and said second hub carrier portion has a second hub carrier portion aperture;
wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft and/or said first wheel end assembly extends through at least a portion of said first hub carrier portion aperture in said first hub carrier portion; and wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft and/or said second wheel end assembly extends through at least a portion of said second hub carrier portion aperture in said second hub carrier portion. 5. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said support member further comprises a first radially inward extending portion in at least a portion of said first end portion of said support member;
wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said support member further comprises a second radially inward extending portion; wherein at least a portion of a first leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said first radially inward extending portion of said support member; and wherein at least a portion of a second leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said second radially inward extending portion of said support member. 6. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate portion of said support member further includes an axially outward extending portion; and
wherein said axially outward extending portion is of a size and shape to receive at least a portion of said differential assembly. 7. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 2, wherein said first gear assembly further comprises a flange portion extending radially outboard from at least a portion of a housing of the first gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said flange portion is connected to at least a portion of said chassis. 8. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a clutch assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said clutch assembly is connected to said motor and at least a portion of said clutch assembly is connected to at least a portion of said differential assembly. 9. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 8 wherein said clutch assembly is a friction clutch assembly, a wet clutch assembly or a dog clutch assembly. 10. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a second gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft, opposite said differential assembly, is connected to at least a portion of said second gear assembly and at least a portion of said second gear assembly, opposite said first axle half shaft, is connected to at least a portion of said first wheel end assembly. 11. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a third gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft, opposite said differential assembly, is connected to at least a portion of said third gear assembly and at least a portion of said third gear assembly, opposite said second axle half shaft, is connected to at least a portion of said second wheel end assembly. 12. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first hub carrier portion further comprises an axially outboard extending portion;
wherein said second hub carrier portion further comprises axially outboard extending portion; wherein at least a portion of a first leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said axially outboard extending portion of said first hub carrier portion; and wherein at least a portion of a second leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said axially outboard extending portion of said second hub carrier portion. 13. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising one or more first trailing arms and/or one or more second trailing arms;
wherein at least a portion of a first end portion of said one or more first trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said first hub carrier portion and said second hub carrier portion; wherein at least a portion of a second end portion of said one or more first trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said chassis; wherein at least a portion of a first end portion of said one or more second trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said support member; and wherein at least a portion of a second end portion of said one or more second trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said chassis. 14. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 13, wherein said one or more first trailing arms extend axially inward an angle θ1 relative to a radial centerline of said one or more first trailing arms; and
wherein said one or more second trailing arms extend axially outward at an angle θ2 relative to a radial centerline of said one or more second trailing arms. 15. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 13, wherein said one or more first trailing arms and/or one or more second trailing arms form a parallelogram trailing arm system. 16. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 14, wherein said angle θ2 of said one or more second trailing arms is substantially equal to or greater than said angle θ1 of said one or more first trailing arms. 17. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a first joint assembly, a second joint assembly, a third joint assembly and a fourth joint assembly;
wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft is connected to said differential by said first joint assembly; wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft is connected to said first wheel end assembly by said second joint assembly; wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft is connected to said differential assembly by said third joint assembly; and wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft is connected to at least a portion of said second wheel assembly by said fourth joint assembly. 18. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a first shaft having a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein at least a portion of said first end portion of said first shaft is drivingly connected to at least a portion of said motor; and wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said first shaft is connected to at least a portion of said first gear assembly. 19. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 17, further comprising a fifth joint assembly and a sixth joint assembly;
wherein at least a portion of said first end portion of said first shaft is connected to at least a portion of said fifth joint assembly which in tum is connected to at least a portion of said motor; and wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said first shaft is connected to at least a portion of said sixth joint assembly which in tum is connected to at least a portion of said first gear assembly. 20. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said vehicle suspension system is a De Dion suspension system. | An electric axle drivetrain assembly for use in a vehicle. The electric axle drivetrain assembly includes a motor that is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a differential assembly. Drivingly connected to ends of the differential assembly is a first axle half shaft and a second axle half shaft. At least a portion of a first and second wheel end assembly is connected to at least a portion of an end of the first and second axle half shafts opposite the differential assembly. A vehicle suspension system having a support member has a first hub carrier portion connected to a first end portion thereof and a second hub carrier portion connected to a second end portion thereof. Connected to at least a portion of a chassis is the motor and/or the differential assembly.1. An electric axle drivetrain assembly, comprising:
a motor; a differential assembly drivingly connected to at least a portion of said motor; wherein a first axle half shaft is drivingly connected to at least a portion of an end of the differential assembly; wherein a second axle half shaft is drivingly connected to at least a portion of an end of the differential assembly opposite the first axle half shaft; wherein an end of the of the first axle half shaft opposite the differential assembly is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a first wheel end assembly; wherein an end of the second axle half shaft opposite the differential assembly is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a second wheel end assembly; a vehicle suspension system comprising a first hub carrier portion, a second hub carrier portion, and a support member, wherein said support member has a first end portion, a second end portion and an intermediate portion interposed between said first and second end portions; wherein at least a portion of a first end portion of said support member is connected to at least a portion of the first hub carrier portion; wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said support member is connected to at least a portion of the second hub carrier portion; a chassis; and wherein at least a portion of said motor and/or said differential assembly are connected to at least a portion of said chassis. 2. The electric axle drive train assembly of claim 1, further comprising a first gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of an end of said first gear assembly is drivingly connected to at least a portion of said motor and at least a portion of an end of said first gear assembly opposite said motor is drivingly connected to at least a portion of said differential assembly. 3. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a first leaf spring assembly and a second leaf spring assembly;
wherein at least a portion of said first leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of a first hub carrier portion mounting flange; and wherein at least a portion of said second leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of a second hub carrier portion mounting flange. 4. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first hub carrier portion has a first hub carrier portion aperture and said second hub carrier portion has a second hub carrier portion aperture;
wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft and/or said first wheel end assembly extends through at least a portion of said first hub carrier portion aperture in said first hub carrier portion; and wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft and/or said second wheel end assembly extends through at least a portion of said second hub carrier portion aperture in said second hub carrier portion. 5. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said support member further comprises a first radially inward extending portion in at least a portion of said first end portion of said support member;
wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said support member further comprises a second radially inward extending portion; wherein at least a portion of a first leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said first radially inward extending portion of said support member; and wherein at least a portion of a second leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said second radially inward extending portion of said support member. 6. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate portion of said support member further includes an axially outward extending portion; and
wherein said axially outward extending portion is of a size and shape to receive at least a portion of said differential assembly. 7. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 2, wherein said first gear assembly further comprises a flange portion extending radially outboard from at least a portion of a housing of the first gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said flange portion is connected to at least a portion of said chassis. 8. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a clutch assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said clutch assembly is connected to said motor and at least a portion of said clutch assembly is connected to at least a portion of said differential assembly. 9. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 8 wherein said clutch assembly is a friction clutch assembly, a wet clutch assembly or a dog clutch assembly. 10. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a second gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft, opposite said differential assembly, is connected to at least a portion of said second gear assembly and at least a portion of said second gear assembly, opposite said first axle half shaft, is connected to at least a portion of said first wheel end assembly. 11. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a third gear assembly; and
wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft, opposite said differential assembly, is connected to at least a portion of said third gear assembly and at least a portion of said third gear assembly, opposite said second axle half shaft, is connected to at least a portion of said second wheel end assembly. 12. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first hub carrier portion further comprises an axially outboard extending portion;
wherein said second hub carrier portion further comprises axially outboard extending portion; wherein at least a portion of a first leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said axially outboard extending portion of said first hub carrier portion; and wherein at least a portion of a second leaf spring assembly is connected to at least a portion of said axially outboard extending portion of said second hub carrier portion. 13. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising one or more first trailing arms and/or one or more second trailing arms;
wherein at least a portion of a first end portion of said one or more first trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said first hub carrier portion and said second hub carrier portion; wherein at least a portion of a second end portion of said one or more first trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said chassis; wherein at least a portion of a first end portion of said one or more second trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said support member; and wherein at least a portion of a second end portion of said one or more second trailing arms are connected to at least a portion of said chassis. 14. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 13, wherein said one or more first trailing arms extend axially inward an angle θ1 relative to a radial centerline of said one or more first trailing arms; and
wherein said one or more second trailing arms extend axially outward at an angle θ2 relative to a radial centerline of said one or more second trailing arms. 15. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 13, wherein said one or more first trailing arms and/or one or more second trailing arms form a parallelogram trailing arm system. 16. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 14, wherein said angle θ2 of said one or more second trailing arms is substantially equal to or greater than said angle θ1 of said one or more first trailing arms. 17. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a first joint assembly, a second joint assembly, a third joint assembly and a fourth joint assembly;
wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft is connected to said differential by said first joint assembly; wherein at least a portion of said first axle half shaft is connected to said first wheel end assembly by said second joint assembly; wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft is connected to said differential assembly by said third joint assembly; and wherein at least a portion of said second axle half shaft is connected to at least a portion of said second wheel assembly by said fourth joint assembly. 18. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a first shaft having a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein at least a portion of said first end portion of said first shaft is drivingly connected to at least a portion of said motor; and wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said first shaft is connected to at least a portion of said first gear assembly. 19. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 17, further comprising a fifth joint assembly and a sixth joint assembly;
wherein at least a portion of said first end portion of said first shaft is connected to at least a portion of said fifth joint assembly which in tum is connected to at least a portion of said motor; and wherein at least a portion of said second end portion of said first shaft is connected to at least a portion of said sixth joint assembly which in tum is connected to at least a portion of said first gear assembly. 20. The electric axle drivetrain assembly according to claim 1, wherein said vehicle suspension system is a De Dion suspension system. | 1,600 |
343,117 | 16,642,887 | 1,617 | A wound dressing material includes a particle having a crosslinked gelatin derivative, the gelatin derivative having the structure represented by the following formula (1): | 1. A wound dressing material comprising a particle comprising a crosslinked gelatin derivative, the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the following formula (1):
GltnNH—CHR1R2 (1)
wherein “Gltn” represents a gelatin residue, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1-17 carbon atoms, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-17 carbon atoms, and the particle having a particle size ranging from 1 to 1,000 μm. 2. The wound dressing material according to claim 1, wherein the gelatin is an alkali-treated gelatin derived from porcine gelatin or Alaska pollock gelatin. 3. The wound dressing material according to claim 2, wherein the gelatin is a low endotoxin gelatin. 4. The wound dressing material according to claim 1, wherein the gelatin derivative has a molar ratio of imino group/amino group ranging from 20/80 to 80/20. 5. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 1, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. 6. The wound dressing material according to claim 2, wherein the gelatin derivative has a molar ratio of imino group/amino group ranging from 20/80 to 80/20. 7. The wound dressing material according to claim 3, wherein the gelatin derivative has a molar ratio of imino group/amino group ranging from 20/80 to 80/20. 8. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 2, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. 9. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 3, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. 10. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 4, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. | A wound dressing material includes a particle having a crosslinked gelatin derivative, the gelatin derivative having the structure represented by the following formula (1):1. A wound dressing material comprising a particle comprising a crosslinked gelatin derivative, the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the following formula (1):
GltnNH—CHR1R2 (1)
wherein “Gltn” represents a gelatin residue, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1-17 carbon atoms, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-17 carbon atoms, and the particle having a particle size ranging from 1 to 1,000 μm. 2. The wound dressing material according to claim 1, wherein the gelatin is an alkali-treated gelatin derived from porcine gelatin or Alaska pollock gelatin. 3. The wound dressing material according to claim 2, wherein the gelatin is a low endotoxin gelatin. 4. The wound dressing material according to claim 1, wherein the gelatin derivative has a molar ratio of imino group/amino group ranging from 20/80 to 80/20. 5. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 1, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. 6. The wound dressing material according to claim 2, wherein the gelatin derivative has a molar ratio of imino group/amino group ranging from 20/80 to 80/20. 7. The wound dressing material according to claim 3, wherein the gelatin derivative has a molar ratio of imino group/amino group ranging from 20/80 to 80/20. 8. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 2, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. 9. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 3, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. 10. A method for preparing the wound dressing material according to claim 4, comprising:
preparing the gelatin derivative comprising the structure represented by the aforesaid formula (1); spray drying a solution of the gelatin derivative or pulverizing the gelatin derivative in solid state to form particles; and heat treating the formed particles by heating at a temperature of from 140 to 160° C. for at least 3 hours. | 1,600 |
343,118 | 16,642,864 | 1,617 | Described herein is (4R,7,S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate, including crystalline forms and solvates thereof. | 1. A crystalline form of a mesylate salt of (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide, or solvate thereof, wherein the mesylate salt has an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern with characteristic peaks at 7.6° 2-Theta, 10.6° 2-Theta, 15.0° 2-Theta, 16.0° 2-Theta, 16.8° 2-Theta, 17.7° 2-Theta, 21.9° 2-Theta, and 22.5° 2-Theta. 2-11. (canceled) 12. The crystalline form of claim 1, wherein the crystalline form is unsolvated. 13. The crystalline form of claim 1, wherein the crystalline form is anhydrous. 14. (canceled) 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of claim 1, and at least one inactive ingredient selected from pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, and excipients. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 further comprising an aminoglycoside antibiotic. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. 18-24. (canceled) 25. A method for protecting against kidney damage in an individual receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline form of claim 1. 26. A method for preventing or treating hearing loss in an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline form of claim 1. 27. A method for preventing or treating sensory hair cell death in an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline form of claim 1. 28. The method of claim 26 wherein the hearing loss is associated with exposure to an ototoxic agent. 29. The method of claim 27 wherein the sensory hair cell death is associated with exposure to an ototoxic agent. 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the ototoxic agent is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agent, loop diuretic, antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, antimalarial quinine, salicylate, or interferon polypeptide. 31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. 33-41. (canceled) 42. (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate, or solvate thereof. 43. (canceled) 44. The (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate of claim 42, wherein the mesylate is crystalline. 45. The (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate of claim 42, wherein the mesylate is amorphous. 46. The method of claim 30, wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. 47. The method of claim 29 wherein the ototoxic agent is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agent, loop diuretic, antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, antimalarial quinine, salicylate, or interferon polypeptide. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. | Described herein is (4R,7,S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate, including crystalline forms and solvates thereof.1. A crystalline form of a mesylate salt of (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide, or solvate thereof, wherein the mesylate salt has an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern with characteristic peaks at 7.6° 2-Theta, 10.6° 2-Theta, 15.0° 2-Theta, 16.0° 2-Theta, 16.8° 2-Theta, 17.7° 2-Theta, 21.9° 2-Theta, and 22.5° 2-Theta. 2-11. (canceled) 12. The crystalline form of claim 1, wherein the crystalline form is unsolvated. 13. The crystalline form of claim 1, wherein the crystalline form is anhydrous. 14. (canceled) 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of claim 1, and at least one inactive ingredient selected from pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, and excipients. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 further comprising an aminoglycoside antibiotic. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. 18-24. (canceled) 25. A method for protecting against kidney damage in an individual receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline form of claim 1. 26. A method for preventing or treating hearing loss in an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline form of claim 1. 27. A method for preventing or treating sensory hair cell death in an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline form of claim 1. 28. The method of claim 26 wherein the hearing loss is associated with exposure to an ototoxic agent. 29. The method of claim 27 wherein the sensory hair cell death is associated with exposure to an ototoxic agent. 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the ototoxic agent is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agent, loop diuretic, antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, antimalarial quinine, salicylate, or interferon polypeptide. 31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. 33-41. (canceled) 42. (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate, or solvate thereof. 43. (canceled) 44. The (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate of claim 42, wherein the mesylate is crystalline. 45. The (4R,7S)-2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)ureido)-9-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-4,7-epiminocyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide mesylate of claim 42, wherein the mesylate is amorphous. 46. The method of claim 30, wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. 47. The method of claim 29 wherein the ototoxic agent is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agent, loop diuretic, antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, antimalarial quinine, salicylate, or interferon polypeptide. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the aminoglycoside antibiotic is selected from streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, paromomycin, paromomycin sulfate, ribostamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, hygromycin B, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin, verdamicin, and astromicin. | 1,600 |
343,119 | 16,642,854 | 1,617 | A probe device is disclosed that includes one or more insulating layers and a glassy carbon layer. The glassy carbon layer includes one or more channels. Each channel includes a microstructure, which may include an electrode region, interconnect region, and bump pad region. The electrode region may be placed in contact with a human or animal patient or test subject and used to collect or deliver signals in applications such as electrocorticography (ECoG), electromyography (EMG), and neural stimulation. A method of making a probe includes depositing a glassy carbon precursor on a substrate, patterning the precursor using photolithography, pyrolyzing the precursor to allow the formation of glassy carbon, and depositing one or more insulating layers. | 1. A probe comprising:
a first insulating layer; and a glassy carbon layer on at least a portion of the first insulating layer, wherein the glassy carbon layer is composed of glassy carbon configured to provide one or more channels, wherein the one or more channels each includes a microstructure comprising a bump pad, an interconnect, and an electrode. 2. The probe of claim 1 further comprising:
a second insulating layer on at least a portion of the glassy carbon layer, the second layer is layered over the interconnect, wherein the second insulating layer is not layered over the bump pad and the electrode. 3. The probe of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a plurality of channels and a corresponding plurality of microstructures configured in an array of electrodes. 4. The probe of claim 1, wherein the bump pad is configured as an interface to enable the probe to be coupled to at least an external device. 5. The probe of claim 1, wherein the microstructure comprising the bump pad, the interconnect, and the electrode are composed of a same glassy carbon material. 6. The probe of claim 1, wherein the microstructure comprising the bump pad, the interconnect, and the electrode are formed from a same layer of precursor material during pyrolysis. 7. The probe of claim 1, wherein the array of electrodes is configured as a microarray. 8. The probe of claim 1, wherein the electrode is sized between 1 square nanometer and 1 square meter to enable the electrode to make contact with at least a portion of a patient or test subject. 9. The probe of claim 1 further comprising:
a device coupled to the probe, the device delivering and/or receiving, via at least the microstructure, a signal to the probe. 10. The probe of claim 9, wherein the device is configured to provide electrocorticography, electroencephalography, neural stimulation, or electromyography. 11. The probe of claim 1, wherein the glassy carbon is formed from patterned pyrolysed carbon. 12. A method for fabricating a probe comprising:
depositing a glassy carbon precursor on a silicon wafer; patterning the glassy carbon precursor using photolithography; pyrolyzing the glassy carbon precursor to allow glassy carbon to form, wherein the glassy carbon comprises a glassy carbon layer, wherein the glassy carbon is configured to provide one or more channels, and wherein the one or more channels each includes a microstructure comprising a bump pad, an interconnect, and an electrode; and depositing a first insulating layer on the glassy carbon layer. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
patterning the first insulating layer. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
depositing a secondary substrate layer on top of the first insulating layer. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
bonding a rigid substrate on the secondary substrate layer. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
depositing a second insulating layer on the glassy carbon layer, wherein the second insulating layer is deposited on the glassy carbon layer on a side opposite the first insulating layer; patterning the second insulating layer; and etching to remove the sacrificial transfer layer. | A probe device is disclosed that includes one or more insulating layers and a glassy carbon layer. The glassy carbon layer includes one or more channels. Each channel includes a microstructure, which may include an electrode region, interconnect region, and bump pad region. The electrode region may be placed in contact with a human or animal patient or test subject and used to collect or deliver signals in applications such as electrocorticography (ECoG), electromyography (EMG), and neural stimulation. A method of making a probe includes depositing a glassy carbon precursor on a substrate, patterning the precursor using photolithography, pyrolyzing the precursor to allow the formation of glassy carbon, and depositing one or more insulating layers.1. A probe comprising:
a first insulating layer; and a glassy carbon layer on at least a portion of the first insulating layer, wherein the glassy carbon layer is composed of glassy carbon configured to provide one or more channels, wherein the one or more channels each includes a microstructure comprising a bump pad, an interconnect, and an electrode. 2. The probe of claim 1 further comprising:
a second insulating layer on at least a portion of the glassy carbon layer, the second layer is layered over the interconnect, wherein the second insulating layer is not layered over the bump pad and the electrode. 3. The probe of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a plurality of channels and a corresponding plurality of microstructures configured in an array of electrodes. 4. The probe of claim 1, wherein the bump pad is configured as an interface to enable the probe to be coupled to at least an external device. 5. The probe of claim 1, wherein the microstructure comprising the bump pad, the interconnect, and the electrode are composed of a same glassy carbon material. 6. The probe of claim 1, wherein the microstructure comprising the bump pad, the interconnect, and the electrode are formed from a same layer of precursor material during pyrolysis. 7. The probe of claim 1, wherein the array of electrodes is configured as a microarray. 8. The probe of claim 1, wherein the electrode is sized between 1 square nanometer and 1 square meter to enable the electrode to make contact with at least a portion of a patient or test subject. 9. The probe of claim 1 further comprising:
a device coupled to the probe, the device delivering and/or receiving, via at least the microstructure, a signal to the probe. 10. The probe of claim 9, wherein the device is configured to provide electrocorticography, electroencephalography, neural stimulation, or electromyography. 11. The probe of claim 1, wherein the glassy carbon is formed from patterned pyrolysed carbon. 12. A method for fabricating a probe comprising:
depositing a glassy carbon precursor on a silicon wafer; patterning the glassy carbon precursor using photolithography; pyrolyzing the glassy carbon precursor to allow glassy carbon to form, wherein the glassy carbon comprises a glassy carbon layer, wherein the glassy carbon is configured to provide one or more channels, and wherein the one or more channels each includes a microstructure comprising a bump pad, an interconnect, and an electrode; and depositing a first insulating layer on the glassy carbon layer. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
patterning the first insulating layer. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
depositing a secondary substrate layer on top of the first insulating layer. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
bonding a rigid substrate on the secondary substrate layer. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
depositing a second insulating layer on the glassy carbon layer, wherein the second insulating layer is deposited on the glassy carbon layer on a side opposite the first insulating layer; patterning the second insulating layer; and etching to remove the sacrificial transfer layer. | 1,600 |
343,120 | 16,642,863 | 1,617 | Described herein are improvements relating to IGF-1 analysis, adjustment and disease management of non-neurological and/or neurological conditions. More specifically, methods relating to the clinical application of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker for prediction of risk and recovery of non-neurological and/or neurological conditions with IGF-1 dysfunction and the use of a cGP containing organic or plant based material such as concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) for the treatment of same. The methods more accurately measure IGF-1 function in vivo indirectly using cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio along with a means to adjust cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio (and hence active IGF-1 concentration), and specific treatment methods for individuals with a lower or reduction of cGP level relative to a standard set of baseline data. | 1. A method of treating non-neurological and/or neurological conditions associated with IGF-1 dysfunction in an animal comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen; c) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen to a standard to confirm whether or not, in a continuum of results, the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 conforms to the relative standard for estimating IGF-1 function of the individual; and d) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal to: prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 2. A method of predicting a risk of a non-neurological and/or neurological condition with age in an animal utilising cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker with altered IGF-1 function comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at a first set age of the animal, or an initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or before treatment of an therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal; c) re-measuring the concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at further set age intervals of the animal or further stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or after treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of the concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal; d) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen at the set age intervals relative to the first set age, or the initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition with IGF-1 dysfunction, or before the treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal, in a continuum of results, to confirm whether or not there is a change in the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 thereby determining whether the animal is at an increased risk of developing a non-neurological and/or neurological condition from cognitive decline relative to a standard set of baseline data, and wherein the above measured ratio is used to select individual patients for BCA treatment and a suitable dosage for the BCA treatment therein. 3. A method of predicting the spontaneous recovery of an animal with a non-neurological and/or neurological conditions with IGF-1 dysfunction utilising cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for IGF-1 function comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker and active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at a baseline of the animal from onset of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition (<72 h); and c) re-measuring the concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker and active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at further regular intervals of the animal during recovery, d) evaluating functional recovery of the animal from the baseline and at further set intervals, and wherein the baseline concentration of CGP from a continuum of data predicts the short term outcome of non-neurological and/or neurological condition recovery of the animal such that a greater baseline cGP concentration, the more positive prognosis for the animal based on the evaluation of functional recovery. 4. The use of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) in the manufacture of a medicament formulated to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 5. The use of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) in the manufacture of a medicament formulated for oral administration to ameliorate the effects of and/or treat non-neurological and/or neurological conditions in a patient in need thereof. 6. An extract comprising a therapeutically effective amount of concentrated blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) formulated for administration to an animal to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing (normal/physiological) concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase or to normalise the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 7. A method for ameliorating the effects of hypertension and/or a stroke; and/or treating hypertension and/or stroke; and/or reducing the symptoms associated with hypertension and/or stroke in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA). 8. A method for ameliorating the effects of and/or treating Parkinson's disease or the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, or complications associated with cognitive impairment in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA). 9. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the non-neurological and/or neurological conditions or diseases are a Cerebrovascular accident or stroke, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Rett syndrome, concussion, hypertension and its associated brain complications, Parkinson's and/or any other ageing related conditions or IGF-1 deficiency related conditions. 10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein administration halts a decrease in cGP concentration as a result of a disease or condition. 11. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein administration increases cGP concentration by at least 1% above what would be measured in the patient with no administration. 12. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the BCA supplementation increases the concentration of cGP, but not IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins in the CSF. 13. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there is no measurable change in plasma concentration of cGP, IGF-1 and IGFBPs following BCA supplementation. 14. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the CSF concentration of cGP correlates plasma concentration of cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio. 15. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal is a human. 16. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal is healthy. 17. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal has a pre-existing condition or disease state. 18. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a patient. 19. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a population. 20. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biological specimen is selected from: cerebrospinal (CSF), plasma, urine, and/or any other biological specimens (tears and any other bodily function) and combinations thereof. 21. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein cGP is measured by techniques selected from: ELISA, HPLC, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof. 22. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is formulated for oral administration. 23. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is formulated for parenteral administration. 24. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is formulated as a pill, tablet, capsule, liquid, powder, micronised powder or gel. 25. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein medicament is administered to provide a dose of 120 mg to 600 mg, of anthocyanins to the animal per day. 26. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is administered to provide a dose of 50 mg to 1000 mg of anthocyanins to the animal per day. 27. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there is at least a 25% increase of cGP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after BCA supplementation. 28. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) concentration present in the blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) range is between 27 ng in 100 mg to 100 ng in 100 mg. 29. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract comprises up to 40% anthocyanin. 30. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract capsule or other delivery means comprises at least 50 mg to 1000 mg anthocyanins. 31. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the blackcurrant is derived from any blackcurrant varieties grown internationally including, but not limited to Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and in New Zealand. 32. The extract as claimed in claim 31 wherein the blackcurrant is derived from fruit grown in the Northern Hemisphere at latitudes above 40 degrees and/or in the Southern Hemisphere north of 50 degrees from the Equator. 33. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract is characterised by comprising the anthocyanins: delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, petunidin-3-rutonioside, and combinations thereof. 34. The extract as claimed in claim 33, wherein delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside comprise at least 80% of the total amount of anthocyanin in the extract. 35. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract is derived from blackcurrant and for a standard New Zealand anthocyanin analysis comprises, as measured in unconcentrated juice from the blackcurrants:
at least 60 mg/100 ml delphinidin-3-glucoside; and/or
at least 200 mg/100 ml delphinidin-3-rutinoside; and/or
at least 40 mg/100 ml cyanidin-3-glucoside; and/or
at least 240 mg/100 ml cyanidin-3-rutinoside; and/or
at least 14 mg/100 ml petunidin-3-rutonioside. 36. A method of treating non-neurological and/or neurological conditions associated with IGF-1 dysfunction in an animal comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen; c) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen to a standard to confirm whether or not, in a continuum of results, the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 conforms to the relative standard for estimating IGF-1 function of the individual; and d) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of a cGP containing organic or plant based material to the animal to: prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 37. A method of predicting a risk of a non-neurological and/or neurological condition with age in an animal utilising cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker with altered IGF-1 function comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at a first set age of the animal, or an initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or before treatment of an therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material to the animal; c) re-measuring the concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at further set age intervals of the animal or further stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or after treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of the concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material; d) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen at the set age intervals relative to the first set age, or the initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition with IGF-1 dysfunction, or before the treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material to the animal, in a continuum of results, to confirm whether or not there is a change in the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 thereby determining whether the animal is at an increased risk of developing a non-neurological and/or neurological condition from cognitive decline relative to a standard set of baseline data, and wherein the above measured ratio is used to select individual patients for cGP containing organic or plant based material treatment and a suitable dosage for the cGP containing organic or plant based material treatment therein. 38. The use of a concentrated extract of a cGP containing organic or plant based material in the manufacture of a medicament formulated to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 39. The use of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material in the manufacture of a medicament formulated for oral administration to ameliorate the effects of and/or treat non-neurological and/or neurological conditions in a patient in need thereof. 40. An extract comprising a therapeutically effective amount of concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material formulated for administration to an animal to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing (normal/physiological) concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase or to normalise the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 41. A method for ameliorating the effects of hypertension and/or a stroke; and/or treating hypertension and/or stroke; and/or reducing the symptoms associated with hypertension and/or stroke in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material. 42. A method for ameliorating the effects of and/or treating Parkinson's disease or the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, or complications associated with cognitive impairment in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material. 43. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the non-neurological and/or neurological conditions or diseases are a Cerebrovascular accident or stroke, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Rett syndrome, concussion, hypertension and its associated brain complications, Parkinson's and/or any other ageing related conditions or IGF-1 deficiency related conditions. 44. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein administration halts a decrease in cGP concentration as a result of a disease or condition. 45. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein administration increases cGP concentration by at least 1% above what would be measured in the patient with no administration. 46. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the cGP containing organic or plant based material supplementation increases the concentration of cGP, but not IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins in the CSF. 47. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein there is no measurable change in plasma concentration of cGP, IGF-1 and IGFBPs following the cGP containing organic or plant based material supplementation. 48. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the CSF concentration of cGP correlates plasma concentration of cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio. 49. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the animal is a human. 50. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the animal is healthy. 51. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the animal has a pre-existing condition or disease state. 52. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a patient. 53. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a population. 54. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the biological specimen is selected from: cerebrospinal (CSF), plasma, urine, and/or any other biological specimens (tears and any other bodily function) and combinations thereof. 55. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein cGP is measured by techniques selected from: ELISA, HPLC, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof. 56. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the medicament is formulated for oral administration. 57. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the medicament is formulated for parenteral administration. 58. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the medicament is formulated as a pill, tablet, capsule, liquid, powder, micronised powder or gel. 59. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein there is at least a 25% increase of cGP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after cGP containing organic or plant based material supplementation. 60. The method as claimed in claim 21 or claim 55, wherein prior to measuring the cGP concentration contained within the BCA extract and/or cGP containing organic or plant based material, the extract and/or material is processed through a chromatographic column utilising a Diaion HP 20 coated resin bead. 61. The use of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) in combination with IGF-1 in the manufacture of a medicament formulated for oral administration to ameliorate the effects of and/or treat Rett Syndrome in a patient in need thereof. | Described herein are improvements relating to IGF-1 analysis, adjustment and disease management of non-neurological and/or neurological conditions. More specifically, methods relating to the clinical application of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker for prediction of risk and recovery of non-neurological and/or neurological conditions with IGF-1 dysfunction and the use of a cGP containing organic or plant based material such as concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) for the treatment of same. The methods more accurately measure IGF-1 function in vivo indirectly using cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio along with a means to adjust cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio (and hence active IGF-1 concentration), and specific treatment methods for individuals with a lower or reduction of cGP level relative to a standard set of baseline data.1. A method of treating non-neurological and/or neurological conditions associated with IGF-1 dysfunction in an animal comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen; c) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen to a standard to confirm whether or not, in a continuum of results, the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 conforms to the relative standard for estimating IGF-1 function of the individual; and d) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal to: prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 2. A method of predicting a risk of a non-neurological and/or neurological condition with age in an animal utilising cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker with altered IGF-1 function comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at a first set age of the animal, or an initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or before treatment of an therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal; c) re-measuring the concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at further set age intervals of the animal or further stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or after treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of the concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal; d) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen at the set age intervals relative to the first set age, or the initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition with IGF-1 dysfunction, or before the treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) to the animal, in a continuum of results, to confirm whether or not there is a change in the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 thereby determining whether the animal is at an increased risk of developing a non-neurological and/or neurological condition from cognitive decline relative to a standard set of baseline data, and wherein the above measured ratio is used to select individual patients for BCA treatment and a suitable dosage for the BCA treatment therein. 3. A method of predicting the spontaneous recovery of an animal with a non-neurological and/or neurological conditions with IGF-1 dysfunction utilising cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for IGF-1 function comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker and active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at a baseline of the animal from onset of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition (<72 h); and c) re-measuring the concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker and active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at further regular intervals of the animal during recovery, d) evaluating functional recovery of the animal from the baseline and at further set intervals, and wherein the baseline concentration of CGP from a continuum of data predicts the short term outcome of non-neurological and/or neurological condition recovery of the animal such that a greater baseline cGP concentration, the more positive prognosis for the animal based on the evaluation of functional recovery. 4. The use of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) in the manufacture of a medicament formulated to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 5. The use of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) in the manufacture of a medicament formulated for oral administration to ameliorate the effects of and/or treat non-neurological and/or neurological conditions in a patient in need thereof. 6. An extract comprising a therapeutically effective amount of concentrated blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) formulated for administration to an animal to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing (normal/physiological) concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase or to normalise the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 7. A method for ameliorating the effects of hypertension and/or a stroke; and/or treating hypertension and/or stroke; and/or reducing the symptoms associated with hypertension and/or stroke in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA). 8. A method for ameliorating the effects of and/or treating Parkinson's disease or the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, or complications associated with cognitive impairment in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA). 9. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the non-neurological and/or neurological conditions or diseases are a Cerebrovascular accident or stroke, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Rett syndrome, concussion, hypertension and its associated brain complications, Parkinson's and/or any other ageing related conditions or IGF-1 deficiency related conditions. 10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein administration halts a decrease in cGP concentration as a result of a disease or condition. 11. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein administration increases cGP concentration by at least 1% above what would be measured in the patient with no administration. 12. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the BCA supplementation increases the concentration of cGP, but not IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins in the CSF. 13. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there is no measurable change in plasma concentration of cGP, IGF-1 and IGFBPs following BCA supplementation. 14. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the CSF concentration of cGP correlates plasma concentration of cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio. 15. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal is a human. 16. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal is healthy. 17. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal has a pre-existing condition or disease state. 18. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a patient. 19. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a population. 20. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biological specimen is selected from: cerebrospinal (CSF), plasma, urine, and/or any other biological specimens (tears and any other bodily function) and combinations thereof. 21. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein cGP is measured by techniques selected from: ELISA, HPLC, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof. 22. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is formulated for oral administration. 23. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is formulated for parenteral administration. 24. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is formulated as a pill, tablet, capsule, liquid, powder, micronised powder or gel. 25. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein medicament is administered to provide a dose of 120 mg to 600 mg, of anthocyanins to the animal per day. 26. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medicament is administered to provide a dose of 50 mg to 1000 mg of anthocyanins to the animal per day. 27. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there is at least a 25% increase of cGP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after BCA supplementation. 28. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) concentration present in the blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) range is between 27 ng in 100 mg to 100 ng in 100 mg. 29. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract comprises up to 40% anthocyanin. 30. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract capsule or other delivery means comprises at least 50 mg to 1000 mg anthocyanins. 31. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the blackcurrant is derived from any blackcurrant varieties grown internationally including, but not limited to Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and in New Zealand. 32. The extract as claimed in claim 31 wherein the blackcurrant is derived from fruit grown in the Northern Hemisphere at latitudes above 40 degrees and/or in the Southern Hemisphere north of 50 degrees from the Equator. 33. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract is characterised by comprising the anthocyanins: delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, petunidin-3-rutonioside, and combinations thereof. 34. The extract as claimed in claim 33, wherein delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside comprise at least 80% of the total amount of anthocyanin in the extract. 35. The extract as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the extract is derived from blackcurrant and for a standard New Zealand anthocyanin analysis comprises, as measured in unconcentrated juice from the blackcurrants:
at least 60 mg/100 ml delphinidin-3-glucoside; and/or
at least 200 mg/100 ml delphinidin-3-rutinoside; and/or
at least 40 mg/100 ml cyanidin-3-glucoside; and/or
at least 240 mg/100 ml cyanidin-3-rutinoside; and/or
at least 14 mg/100 ml petunidin-3-rutonioside. 36. A method of treating non-neurological and/or neurological conditions associated with IGF-1 dysfunction in an animal comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen; c) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen to a standard to confirm whether or not, in a continuum of results, the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 conforms to the relative standard for estimating IGF-1 function of the individual; and d) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of a cGP containing organic or plant based material to the animal to: prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 37. A method of predicting a risk of a non-neurological and/or neurological condition with age in an animal utilising cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker with altered IGF-1 function comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a biological specimen from the animal; b) measuring a concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) as a biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at a first set age of the animal, or an initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or before treatment of an therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material to the animal; c) re-measuring the concentration of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) biomarker for active concentration dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability in the biological specimen at further set age intervals of the animal or further stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition, or after treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of the concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material; d) comparing either the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 in the biological specimen at the set age intervals relative to the first set age, or the initial stage of the non-neurological and/or neurological condition with IGF-1 dysfunction, or before the treatment of the therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material to the animal, in a continuum of results, to confirm whether or not there is a change in the measured cGP concentration and/or ratio of cGP concentration to total measured amount of IGF-1 thereby determining whether the animal is at an increased risk of developing a non-neurological and/or neurological condition from cognitive decline relative to a standard set of baseline data, and wherein the above measured ratio is used to select individual patients for cGP containing organic or plant based material treatment and a suitable dosage for the cGP containing organic or plant based material treatment therein. 38. The use of a concentrated extract of a cGP containing organic or plant based material in the manufacture of a medicament formulated to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 39. The use of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material in the manufacture of a medicament formulated for oral administration to ameliorate the effects of and/or treat non-neurological and/or neurological conditions in a patient in need thereof. 40. An extract comprising a therapeutically effective amount of concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material formulated for administration to an animal to:
prevent a decrease in concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or maintain a pre-existing (normal/physiological) concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal; and/or increase or to normalise the concentration of cGP and/or cGP to total measured IGF-1 ratio in an animal. 41. A method for ameliorating the effects of hypertension and/or a stroke; and/or treating hypertension and/or stroke; and/or reducing the symptoms associated with hypertension and/or stroke in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material. 42. A method for ameliorating the effects of and/or treating Parkinson's disease or the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, or complications associated with cognitive impairment in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a concentrated extract of cGP containing organic or plant based material. 43. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the non-neurological and/or neurological conditions or diseases are a Cerebrovascular accident or stroke, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Rett syndrome, concussion, hypertension and its associated brain complications, Parkinson's and/or any other ageing related conditions or IGF-1 deficiency related conditions. 44. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein administration halts a decrease in cGP concentration as a result of a disease or condition. 45. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein administration increases cGP concentration by at least 1% above what would be measured in the patient with no administration. 46. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the cGP containing organic or plant based material supplementation increases the concentration of cGP, but not IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins in the CSF. 47. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein there is no measurable change in plasma concentration of cGP, IGF-1 and IGFBPs following the cGP containing organic or plant based material supplementation. 48. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the CSF concentration of cGP correlates plasma concentration of cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio. 49. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the animal is a human. 50. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the animal is healthy. 51. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the animal has a pre-existing condition or disease state. 52. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a patient. 53. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the standard or baseline is based on a set of data collected for a population. 54. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the biological specimen is selected from: cerebrospinal (CSF), plasma, urine, and/or any other biological specimens (tears and any other bodily function) and combinations thereof. 55. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein cGP is measured by techniques selected from: ELISA, HPLC, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof. 56. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the medicament is formulated for oral administration. 57. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the medicament is formulated for parenteral administration. 58. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein the medicament is formulated as a pill, tablet, capsule, liquid, powder, micronised powder or gel. 59. The method as claimed in any one of claim 36 or claim 37, wherein there is at least a 25% increase of cGP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after cGP containing organic or plant based material supplementation. 60. The method as claimed in claim 21 or claim 55, wherein prior to measuring the cGP concentration contained within the BCA extract and/or cGP containing organic or plant based material, the extract and/or material is processed through a chromatographic column utilising a Diaion HP 20 coated resin bead. 61. The use of a concentrated extract of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) in combination with IGF-1 in the manufacture of a medicament formulated for oral administration to ameliorate the effects of and/or treat Rett Syndrome in a patient in need thereof. | 1,600 |
343,121 | 16,642,828 | 1,617 | Provided is a technology which facilitates a search for an object such as a falling object. This object search system is provided with: a detection device which detects position information on a falling object; and a scope which is worn by a user and provided with a display unit that displays an augmented reality space in a real space. The detection device detects an object by using a radar device. A radar control device calculates the detected position information on the object and transmits the calculated position information to the scope through a wireless transmission device. The scope displays the position information, which pertains to the falling object and is acquired from the detection device, on an augmented reality space with a specific indication (an arrow or a wave shape, etc.). | 1. An object search system comprising:
a detection device which detects position information about an object; and an object search device to be worn by a user, and including a display which shows an augmented reality space on a real space, wherein the detection device includes a transmitter which transmits the position information about the object to the object search device, and the object search device includes a receiver which receives the position information about the object transmitted from the detection device, an acquirer which acquires position information about the object search device, and a display controller which shows a specific display to specify a position of the object on the display based on the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device. 2. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a straight line indicating the position of the object such that the straight line extends to the position of the object. 3. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a display indicating nearness to the object in the position of the object. 4. The object search system according to claim 3, wherein the display controller increases the number of displays indicating the nearness to the object, or makes the display indicating the nearness become larger, as the nearness increases. 5. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, an arrow indicating a direction toward the object. 6. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein
the detection device includes a camera which captures an image of the object, the object search device receives the image of the object, and the display controller shows the image on the display. 7. An object search device to be worn by a user, and including a display which shows an augmented reality space on a real space, comprising:
a receiver which acquires position information about an object to be searched for; an acquirer which acquires position information about the object search device; and a display controller which shows a specific display to specify a position of the object on the display based on the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device. 8. The object search device according to claim 7, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a straight line indicating the position of the object such that the straight line extends to the position of the object. 9. The object search device according to claim 7, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a display indicating nearness to the object in the position of the object. 10. The object search device according to claim 9, wherein the display controller increases the number of displays indicating the nearness to the object, or makes the display indicating the nearness become larger, as the nearness increases. 11. The object search device according to claim 7, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, an arrow indicating a direction toward the object. 12. An object search method comprising:
an object position acquiring step of acquiring position information about an object; a display position acquiring step of acquiring position information about an object search device to be worn by a user, and including a display which shows an augmented reality space on a real space; and a specific display step of showing, as a specific display reflecting a relationship between the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device, the position information about the object in the augmented reality space based on the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device. | Provided is a technology which facilitates a search for an object such as a falling object. This object search system is provided with: a detection device which detects position information on a falling object; and a scope which is worn by a user and provided with a display unit that displays an augmented reality space in a real space. The detection device detects an object by using a radar device. A radar control device calculates the detected position information on the object and transmits the calculated position information to the scope through a wireless transmission device. The scope displays the position information, which pertains to the falling object and is acquired from the detection device, on an augmented reality space with a specific indication (an arrow or a wave shape, etc.).1. An object search system comprising:
a detection device which detects position information about an object; and an object search device to be worn by a user, and including a display which shows an augmented reality space on a real space, wherein the detection device includes a transmitter which transmits the position information about the object to the object search device, and the object search device includes a receiver which receives the position information about the object transmitted from the detection device, an acquirer which acquires position information about the object search device, and a display controller which shows a specific display to specify a position of the object on the display based on the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device. 2. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a straight line indicating the position of the object such that the straight line extends to the position of the object. 3. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a display indicating nearness to the object in the position of the object. 4. The object search system according to claim 3, wherein the display controller increases the number of displays indicating the nearness to the object, or makes the display indicating the nearness become larger, as the nearness increases. 5. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, an arrow indicating a direction toward the object. 6. The object search system according to claim 1, wherein
the detection device includes a camera which captures an image of the object, the object search device receives the image of the object, and the display controller shows the image on the display. 7. An object search device to be worn by a user, and including a display which shows an augmented reality space on a real space, comprising:
a receiver which acquires position information about an object to be searched for; an acquirer which acquires position information about the object search device; and a display controller which shows a specific display to specify a position of the object on the display based on the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device. 8. The object search device according to claim 7, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a straight line indicating the position of the object such that the straight line extends to the position of the object. 9. The object search device according to claim 7, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, a display indicating nearness to the object in the position of the object. 10. The object search device according to claim 9, wherein the display controller increases the number of displays indicating the nearness to the object, or makes the display indicating the nearness become larger, as the nearness increases. 11. The object search device according to claim 7, wherein the display controller shows, as the specific display, an arrow indicating a direction toward the object. 12. An object search method comprising:
an object position acquiring step of acquiring position information about an object; a display position acquiring step of acquiring position information about an object search device to be worn by a user, and including a display which shows an augmented reality space on a real space; and a specific display step of showing, as a specific display reflecting a relationship between the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device, the position information about the object in the augmented reality space based on the position information about the object and the position information about the object search device. | 1,600 |
343,122 | 16,642,873 | 1,617 | A computer-implemented method of making a decision on a blockchain is provided. The method comprises providing a blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) redeemable by means of a first signature (σ(Am), σ(Bm)) associated with a selection (A, B) and a second signature (σ(A), σ(B)) associated with the selection, providing each of a plurality of participants (Ui) with at least one share (kA,i, KB,i) of at least one respective secret value (kA, kB) wherein a threshold number of shares is required in order to execute said second signature, and submitting the blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) to the blockchain. | 1. A computer-implemented method of making a decision on a blockchain, the method comprising:
providing a first blockchain transaction redeemable by means of a first signature associated with a selection and a second signature associated with the selection; providing each of a plurality of participants with at least one share of at least one respective secret value wherein a threshold number of shares is required in order to execute said second signature; and submitting the first blockchain transaction to the blockchain. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one participant adds to the first blockchain transaction at least one signed input representative of a cryptographic asset. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of providing a second blockchain transaction redeemable, upon satisfaction of a locktime condition, to return at least a portion of the cryptographic asset to at least one participant. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first blockchain transaction comprises an m-of-n multisignature redeem script, and wherein at least one share is added to the redeem script. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one share is encrypted with a first public key of at least one decision. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of combining at least one share with identification data identifying a selection prior to encryption with the first public key. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the combination comprises concatenation of the at least one share and the identification data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing the shares to the participants comprises at least one of: (i) a dealer entity providing the shares to the participants; and (ii) the participants generating the shares among themselves. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of obscuring which participant provides which share prior to submission of the first blockchain transaction to the blockchain. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of providing a third blockchain transaction arranged to redeem the first blockchain transaction. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of validating at least one share using at least one second public key. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of participants collaborate in combining at least one subset of shares to determine at least one said second public key. 13. A computer-implemented system comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform any embodiment of the computer-implemented method as claimed in claim 1. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform an embodiment of the method as claimed in claim 1. 15. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 7. | A computer-implemented method of making a decision on a blockchain is provided. The method comprises providing a blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) redeemable by means of a first signature (σ(Am), σ(Bm)) associated with a selection (A, B) and a second signature (σ(A), σ(B)) associated with the selection, providing each of a plurality of participants (Ui) with at least one share (kA,i, KB,i) of at least one respective secret value (kA, kB) wherein a threshold number of shares is required in order to execute said second signature, and submitting the blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) to the blockchain.1. A computer-implemented method of making a decision on a blockchain, the method comprising:
providing a first blockchain transaction redeemable by means of a first signature associated with a selection and a second signature associated with the selection; providing each of a plurality of participants with at least one share of at least one respective secret value wherein a threshold number of shares is required in order to execute said second signature; and submitting the first blockchain transaction to the blockchain. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one participant adds to the first blockchain transaction at least one signed input representative of a cryptographic asset. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of providing a second blockchain transaction redeemable, upon satisfaction of a locktime condition, to return at least a portion of the cryptographic asset to at least one participant. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first blockchain transaction comprises an m-of-n multisignature redeem script, and wherein at least one share is added to the redeem script. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one share is encrypted with a first public key of at least one decision. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of combining at least one share with identification data identifying a selection prior to encryption with the first public key. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the combination comprises concatenation of the at least one share and the identification data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing the shares to the participants comprises at least one of: (i) a dealer entity providing the shares to the participants; and (ii) the participants generating the shares among themselves. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of obscuring which participant provides which share prior to submission of the first blockchain transaction to the blockchain. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of providing a third blockchain transaction arranged to redeem the first blockchain transaction. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of validating at least one share using at least one second public key. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of participants collaborate in combining at least one subset of shares to determine at least one said second public key. 13. A computer-implemented system comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform any embodiment of the computer-implemented method as claimed in claim 1. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform an embodiment of the method as claimed in claim 1. 15. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 3. 17. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 4. 18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 6. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor; and memory including executable instructions that, as a result of execution by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 7. | 1,600 |
343,123 | 16,642,871 | 1,617 | Provided herein is an electric axle assembly including an axle housing; a motor/generator having an output shaft drivingly connected thereto, wherein the output shaft has an output gear rotatably mounted thereon; a differential assembly housed in a differential housing and drivingly connected to a pair of axle half shafts having a pair of wheels attached to the ends thereof; and a two-speed transmission housed in the axle housing and drivingly connected to the output gear and the differential assembly, wherein the output shaft drivingly connects the motor/generator to the differential assembly. | 1. An electric axle assembly comprising:
an axle housing; a motor/generator having an output shaft drivingly connected thereto, wherein the output shaft has an output gear rotatably mounted thereon; a differential assembly housed in a differential housing and drivingly connected to a pair of axle half shafts having a pair of wheels attached to the ends thereof; and a two-speed transmission housed in the axle housing and drivingly connected to the output gear and the differential assembly, wherein the output shaft is drivingly connected to the motor/generator and the differential assembly. 2. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the two-speed transmission includes a countershaft having a countershaft gear rotatably mounted thereon and a two-speed gear rotatably mounted on the countershaft, and
wherein the countershaft gear is meshingly engaged with the output gear. 3. The electric axle assembly of claim 2, wherein the differential assembly includes a first driven gear rotatingly mounted on the axle half shaft, a second driven gear rotatingly mounted on the axle half shaft and a coupling sleeve, and
wherein the two-speed gear selectively meshes with the first driven gear and the second driven gear. 4. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the output shaft, the axle half shafts and the countershaft are parallel to each other. 5. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, further comprising a wheel end reducing gear set drivingly attached to the axle half shaft and the wheel. 6. The electric axle assembly of claim 5, wherein the wheel end reducing gear set is a planetary gear set. | Provided herein is an electric axle assembly including an axle housing; a motor/generator having an output shaft drivingly connected thereto, wherein the output shaft has an output gear rotatably mounted thereon; a differential assembly housed in a differential housing and drivingly connected to a pair of axle half shafts having a pair of wheels attached to the ends thereof; and a two-speed transmission housed in the axle housing and drivingly connected to the output gear and the differential assembly, wherein the output shaft drivingly connects the motor/generator to the differential assembly.1. An electric axle assembly comprising:
an axle housing; a motor/generator having an output shaft drivingly connected thereto, wherein the output shaft has an output gear rotatably mounted thereon; a differential assembly housed in a differential housing and drivingly connected to a pair of axle half shafts having a pair of wheels attached to the ends thereof; and a two-speed transmission housed in the axle housing and drivingly connected to the output gear and the differential assembly, wherein the output shaft is drivingly connected to the motor/generator and the differential assembly. 2. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the two-speed transmission includes a countershaft having a countershaft gear rotatably mounted thereon and a two-speed gear rotatably mounted on the countershaft, and
wherein the countershaft gear is meshingly engaged with the output gear. 3. The electric axle assembly of claim 2, wherein the differential assembly includes a first driven gear rotatingly mounted on the axle half shaft, a second driven gear rotatingly mounted on the axle half shaft and a coupling sleeve, and
wherein the two-speed gear selectively meshes with the first driven gear and the second driven gear. 4. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the output shaft, the axle half shafts and the countershaft are parallel to each other. 5. The electric axle assembly of claim 1, further comprising a wheel end reducing gear set drivingly attached to the axle half shaft and the wheel. 6. The electric axle assembly of claim 5, wherein the wheel end reducing gear set is a planetary gear set. | 1,600 |
343,124 | 16,642,855 | 1,617 | A display substrate includes: a base substrate having a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; an electroluminescent device disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the electroluminescent device including an anode, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode disposed in this order on the base substrate; a negative power line disposed on the base substrate and located in the peripheral area, the negative power line extending along a side of the base substrate and being electrically connected to the cathode; and an insulating layer between the base substrate and the negative power line, a side of the insulating layer close to the negative power line being provided with at least a trench. The trench is located in the peripheral area and extends in an extending direction of the negative power line, a part of the negative power line being located in the trench. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A display substrate comprising:
a base substrate, comprising a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; an electroluminescent device disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the electroluminescent device comprising an anode, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode disposed in this order on the base substrate; a negative power line disposed on the base substrate and located in the peripheral area, the negative power line extending along a side of the base substrate and being electrically connected to the cathode; and an insulating layer between the base substrate and the negative power line, a side of the insulating layer close to the negative power line being provided with at least a trench, wherein the trench is located in the peripheral area and extends in an extending direction of the negative power line, and a part of the negative power line is located in the trench. 25. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein an orthographic projection of the trench on the base substrate falls within an orthographic projection of the negative power line on the base substrate. 26. The display substrate according to claim 25, wherein the negative power line surrounds the display area, and the trench surrounds the display area. 27. The display substrate according to claim 26, wherein the negative power line comprises a first segment of negative power line, a second segment of negative power line, and a third segment of negative power line which are successively arranged in sequence, and the side of the base substrate comprises a first side, a second side and a third side which are successively arranged in sequence, the first segment of negative power line extends along the first side of the base substrate, the second segment of negative power line extends along the second side of the base substrate, and the third segment of negative power line extends along the third side of the base substrate;
wherein the trench comprises a first segment of trench, a second segment of trench, and a third segment of trench which are successively arranged in sequence, the first segment of trench extends in an extending direction of the first negative electrode power line, and the second segment of trench extends in an extending direction of the second segment of negative power line, and the third segment of trench extends in an extending direction of the third segment of negative power line. 28. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the side of the insulating layer closed to the negative power line is provided with a plurality of trenches, and the plurality of trenches are arranged at intervals in a first direction parallel to the base substrate, the first direction is perpendicular to the side of the base substrate, and the plurality of trenches are parallel to each other. 29. The display substrate according to claim 28, wherein the plurality of trenches have the same width and are arranged at equal intervals. 30. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein in a cross section of the negative power line perpendicular to the side of the base substrate, the negative power line comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion extends in a first direction parallel to the base substrate and perpendicular to the side of the base substrate, and second portion extends in a second direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first portion is located at a bottom of the trench, and the second portion is located on a sidewall of the trench. 31. The display substrate according to claim 30, wherein the negative power line further comprises a third portion extending in the first direction, the third portion is located on the insulating layer, and is not located in the trench, and the second portion connects the first portion with the third portion. 32. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the trench penetrates the insulating layer. 33. The display substrate according to claim 24, further comprising a metal layer disposed between the base substrate and the insulating layer and located in the peripheral area, wherein the negative power line is electrically connected to the metal layer at the trench. 34. The display substrate according to claim 32, wherein the insulating layer comprises at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a barrier layer, a buffer layer, a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and an interlayer dielectric layer which are sequentially disposed on the base substrate. 35. The display substrate according to claim 24, further comprising a thin film transistor disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the thin film transistor comprising a source-drain layer,
wherein the negative power line and the source-drain layer are located in the same layer and are formed of the same material. 36. The display substrate according to claim 35, further comprising:
a conductive layer disposed on the negative power line and located in the peripheral area, wherein, the conductive layer electrically connects the cathode with the negative power line. 37. The display substrate according to claim 36, wherein the conductive layer and the anode are located in the same layer and are formed of the same material. 38. A display device, comprising the display substrate according to claim 24. 39. A method of manufacturing a display substrate, comprising:
providing a base substrate comprising a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; forming an insulating layer on the base substrate; forming at least a trench in the insulating layer, the trench being located in the peripheral area; and forming a negative power line on the insulating layer and in the trench. 40. The method according to claim 39, wherein the display substrate further comprises an electroluminescent device disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the electroluminescent device comprising an anode, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode disposed in this order on the base substrate, and the method further comprises:
forming a conductive layer on the negative power line, wherein the conductive layer and the anode are formed of the same material using the same patterning process. 41. The method according to claim 40, further comprising:
forming a cathode layer on the conductive layer, wherein the cathode layer and the cathode are formed of the same material using the same patterning process, and the cathode layer is electrically connected to the cathode. | A display substrate includes: a base substrate having a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; an electroluminescent device disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the electroluminescent device including an anode, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode disposed in this order on the base substrate; a negative power line disposed on the base substrate and located in the peripheral area, the negative power line extending along a side of the base substrate and being electrically connected to the cathode; and an insulating layer between the base substrate and the negative power line, a side of the insulating layer close to the negative power line being provided with at least a trench. The trench is located in the peripheral area and extends in an extending direction of the negative power line, a part of the negative power line being located in the trench.1-23. (canceled) 24. A display substrate comprising:
a base substrate, comprising a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; an electroluminescent device disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the electroluminescent device comprising an anode, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode disposed in this order on the base substrate; a negative power line disposed on the base substrate and located in the peripheral area, the negative power line extending along a side of the base substrate and being electrically connected to the cathode; and an insulating layer between the base substrate and the negative power line, a side of the insulating layer close to the negative power line being provided with at least a trench, wherein the trench is located in the peripheral area and extends in an extending direction of the negative power line, and a part of the negative power line is located in the trench. 25. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein an orthographic projection of the trench on the base substrate falls within an orthographic projection of the negative power line on the base substrate. 26. The display substrate according to claim 25, wherein the negative power line surrounds the display area, and the trench surrounds the display area. 27. The display substrate according to claim 26, wherein the negative power line comprises a first segment of negative power line, a second segment of negative power line, and a third segment of negative power line which are successively arranged in sequence, and the side of the base substrate comprises a first side, a second side and a third side which are successively arranged in sequence, the first segment of negative power line extends along the first side of the base substrate, the second segment of negative power line extends along the second side of the base substrate, and the third segment of negative power line extends along the third side of the base substrate;
wherein the trench comprises a first segment of trench, a second segment of trench, and a third segment of trench which are successively arranged in sequence, the first segment of trench extends in an extending direction of the first negative electrode power line, and the second segment of trench extends in an extending direction of the second segment of negative power line, and the third segment of trench extends in an extending direction of the third segment of negative power line. 28. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the side of the insulating layer closed to the negative power line is provided with a plurality of trenches, and the plurality of trenches are arranged at intervals in a first direction parallel to the base substrate, the first direction is perpendicular to the side of the base substrate, and the plurality of trenches are parallel to each other. 29. The display substrate according to claim 28, wherein the plurality of trenches have the same width and are arranged at equal intervals. 30. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein in a cross section of the negative power line perpendicular to the side of the base substrate, the negative power line comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion extends in a first direction parallel to the base substrate and perpendicular to the side of the base substrate, and second portion extends in a second direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first portion is located at a bottom of the trench, and the second portion is located on a sidewall of the trench. 31. The display substrate according to claim 30, wherein the negative power line further comprises a third portion extending in the first direction, the third portion is located on the insulating layer, and is not located in the trench, and the second portion connects the first portion with the third portion. 32. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the trench penetrates the insulating layer. 33. The display substrate according to claim 24, further comprising a metal layer disposed between the base substrate and the insulating layer and located in the peripheral area, wherein the negative power line is electrically connected to the metal layer at the trench. 34. The display substrate according to claim 32, wherein the insulating layer comprises at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a barrier layer, a buffer layer, a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and an interlayer dielectric layer which are sequentially disposed on the base substrate. 35. The display substrate according to claim 24, further comprising a thin film transistor disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the thin film transistor comprising a source-drain layer,
wherein the negative power line and the source-drain layer are located in the same layer and are formed of the same material. 36. The display substrate according to claim 35, further comprising:
a conductive layer disposed on the negative power line and located in the peripheral area, wherein, the conductive layer electrically connects the cathode with the negative power line. 37. The display substrate according to claim 36, wherein the conductive layer and the anode are located in the same layer and are formed of the same material. 38. A display device, comprising the display substrate according to claim 24. 39. A method of manufacturing a display substrate, comprising:
providing a base substrate comprising a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; forming an insulating layer on the base substrate; forming at least a trench in the insulating layer, the trench being located in the peripheral area; and forming a negative power line on the insulating layer and in the trench. 40. The method according to claim 39, wherein the display substrate further comprises an electroluminescent device disposed on the base substrate and located in the display area, the electroluminescent device comprising an anode, an electroluminescent layer, and a cathode disposed in this order on the base substrate, and the method further comprises:
forming a conductive layer on the negative power line, wherein the conductive layer and the anode are formed of the same material using the same patterning process. 41. The method according to claim 40, further comprising:
forming a cathode layer on the conductive layer, wherein the cathode layer and the cathode are formed of the same material using the same patterning process, and the cathode layer is electrically connected to the cathode. | 1,600 |
343,125 | 16,642,820 | 1,617 | A thin film transistor, an array substrate, a display panel and a display device are provided, which is related to the field of display technologies. A thin film transistor comprises: a substrate; at least two active layers on the substrate, each active layer comprising a first terminal and a second terminal opposite to each other; a source and a drain above the substrate. The first terminal of each of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the source, and the second terminal of each of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the drain, and the at least two active layers are arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and separated from one another. | 1. A thin film transistor, comprising:
a substrate; at least two active layers on the substrate, each active layer comprising a first terminal and a second terminal opposite to each other, and a source and a drain on the substrate, wherein the first terminal of each active layer of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the source, and the second terminal of each active layer of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the drain, and the at least two active layers are arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and separated from one another. 2. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, and an orthogonal projection of each active layer on the substrate is within an orthogonal projection of a corresponding gate on the substrate. 3. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, the at least two gates is electrically connected with each other to form an integrated gate layer, and orthogonal projections of the at least two active layers on the substrate are within an orthogonal projection of the integrated gate layer on the substrate. 4. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a source signal line and a drain signal line, the source signal line is electrically connected with the source and the drain signal line is electrically connected with the drain. 5. The thin film transistor according to claim 4, wherein the source signal line and the drain signal line extend in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the source or the drain. 6. The thin film transistor according to claim 4, wherein the source signal line and the drain signal line extend in a direction parallel with an extending direction of the source or the drain. 7. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate signal line, the gate signal line is electrically connected with the at least two gates, and an extending direction of the gate signal line is perpendicular to an extending direction of the source signal line. 8. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate insulating layer, an etch barrier layer and a passivation layer above the substrate, wherein the gate insulating layer covers the at least two gates, each active layer is located on a side of the gate insulating layer facing away the substrate, and the etch barrier layer covers the at least two active layers and the gate insulating layer, the source and the drain are located on a side of the etch barrier layer facing away the gate insulating layer, and the passivation layer covers the source, the drain and the etch barrier layer. 9. The thin film transistor according to claim 8, wherein the etch barrier layer comprises a via hole, the source and the drain are electrically connected with the at least two active layers by means of the via hole in the etch barrier layer. 10. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the first terminal and the second terminal across the upper surface of each active layer is L, and a width of the upper surface of each active layer perpendicular to the distance is W, a ratio of W to L is greater than 1. 11. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein a material of the active layer comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of amorphous silicon, polysilicon and oxide semiconductor. 12. An array substrate, comprising the thin film transistor according to claim 1. 13. A display panel, comprising the array substrate according to claim 12. 14. A display device, comprising the display panel according to claim 13. 15. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate signal line, the gate signal line is electrically connected with the at least two gates, and an extending direction of the gate signal line is perpendicular to an extending direction of the source signal line. 16. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate insulating layer, an etch barrier layer and a passivation layer above the substrate, wherein the gate insulating layer covers the at least two gates, each active layer is located on a side of the gate insulating layer facing away the substrate, and the etch barrier layer covers the at least two active layers and the gate insulating layer, the source and the drain are located on a side of the etch barrier layer facing away the gate insulating layer, and the passivation layer covers the source, the drain and the etch barrier layer. 17. The array substrate according to claim 12, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, and an orthogonal projection of each active layer on the substrate is within an orthogonal projection of a corresponding gate on the substrate. 18. The array substrate according to claim 12, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, the at least two gates is electrically connected with each other to form an integrated gate layer, and orthogonal projections of the at least two active layers on the substrate are within an orthogonal projection of the integrated gate layer on the substrate. 19. The array substrate according to claim 12, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a source signal line and a drain signal line, the source signal line is electrically connected with the source and the drain signal line is electrically connected with the drain. 20. The array substrate according to claim 19, wherein the source signal line and the drain signal line extend in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the source or the drain. | A thin film transistor, an array substrate, a display panel and a display device are provided, which is related to the field of display technologies. A thin film transistor comprises: a substrate; at least two active layers on the substrate, each active layer comprising a first terminal and a second terminal opposite to each other; a source and a drain above the substrate. The first terminal of each of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the source, and the second terminal of each of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the drain, and the at least two active layers are arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and separated from one another.1. A thin film transistor, comprising:
a substrate; at least two active layers on the substrate, each active layer comprising a first terminal and a second terminal opposite to each other, and a source and a drain on the substrate, wherein the first terminal of each active layer of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the source, and the second terminal of each active layer of the at least two active layers is electrically connected to the drain, and the at least two active layers are arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and separated from one another. 2. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, and an orthogonal projection of each active layer on the substrate is within an orthogonal projection of a corresponding gate on the substrate. 3. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, the at least two gates is electrically connected with each other to form an integrated gate layer, and orthogonal projections of the at least two active layers on the substrate are within an orthogonal projection of the integrated gate layer on the substrate. 4. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a source signal line and a drain signal line, the source signal line is electrically connected with the source and the drain signal line is electrically connected with the drain. 5. The thin film transistor according to claim 4, wherein the source signal line and the drain signal line extend in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the source or the drain. 6. The thin film transistor according to claim 4, wherein the source signal line and the drain signal line extend in a direction parallel with an extending direction of the source or the drain. 7. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate signal line, the gate signal line is electrically connected with the at least two gates, and an extending direction of the gate signal line is perpendicular to an extending direction of the source signal line. 8. The thin film transistor according to claim 2, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate insulating layer, an etch barrier layer and a passivation layer above the substrate, wherein the gate insulating layer covers the at least two gates, each active layer is located on a side of the gate insulating layer facing away the substrate, and the etch barrier layer covers the at least two active layers and the gate insulating layer, the source and the drain are located on a side of the etch barrier layer facing away the gate insulating layer, and the passivation layer covers the source, the drain and the etch barrier layer. 9. The thin film transistor according to claim 8, wherein the etch barrier layer comprises a via hole, the source and the drain are electrically connected with the at least two active layers by means of the via hole in the etch barrier layer. 10. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the first terminal and the second terminal across the upper surface of each active layer is L, and a width of the upper surface of each active layer perpendicular to the distance is W, a ratio of W to L is greater than 1. 11. The thin film transistor according to claim 1, wherein a material of the active layer comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of amorphous silicon, polysilicon and oxide semiconductor. 12. An array substrate, comprising the thin film transistor according to claim 1. 13. A display panel, comprising the array substrate according to claim 12. 14. A display device, comprising the display panel according to claim 13. 15. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate signal line, the gate signal line is electrically connected with the at least two gates, and an extending direction of the gate signal line is perpendicular to an extending direction of the source signal line. 16. The thin film transistor according to claim 3, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a gate insulating layer, an etch barrier layer and a passivation layer above the substrate, wherein the gate insulating layer covers the at least two gates, each active layer is located on a side of the gate insulating layer facing away the substrate, and the etch barrier layer covers the at least two active layers and the gate insulating layer, the source and the drain are located on a side of the etch barrier layer facing away the gate insulating layer, and the passivation layer covers the source, the drain and the etch barrier layer. 17. The array substrate according to claim 12, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, and an orthogonal projection of each active layer on the substrate is within an orthogonal projection of a corresponding gate on the substrate. 18. The array substrate according to claim 12, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises at least two gates corresponding to the at least two active layers, the at least two gates is electrically connected with each other to form an integrated gate layer, and orthogonal projections of the at least two active layers on the substrate are within an orthogonal projection of the integrated gate layer on the substrate. 19. The array substrate according to claim 12, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises a source signal line and a drain signal line, the source signal line is electrically connected with the source and the drain signal line is electrically connected with the drain. 20. The array substrate according to claim 19, wherein the source signal line and the drain signal line extend in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the source or the drain. | 1,600 |
343,126 | 16,642,856 | 1,617 | A method for a base station to transmit a positioning reference signal (PRS) in a wireless communication system may be provided according to an embodiment in the present specification. Here, the method for transmitting a PRS may comprise: a step of transmitting PRS occasion configuration information; and a step of transmitting a PRS in each PRS occasion on the basis of the PRS occasion configuration information. Here, the PRS occasion configuration information may include information about beams used in the respective PRS occasions, and the PRS may be transmitted as the beams used in the respective PRS occasions are swept. | 1. A method of transmitting a positioning reference signal (PRS) by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting PRS occasion configuration information; and transmitting the PRS on each PRS occasion based on the PRS occasion configuration information, wherein the PRS occasion configuration information includes information on beams used on each PRS occasion, and wherein the PRS is transmitted by sweeping the beams used on each PRS occasion. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beams are swept on a PRS subframe basis in the PRS occasion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein based on the number of beams used by the base station greater than the number of PRS subframes in the PRS occasion, the PRS is transmitted by sweeping beams indicated by the PRS occasion configuration information among the beams used by the base station on a first PRS occasion and sweeping remaining beams on a second PRS occasion. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a first beam is configured in all PRS subframes in the PRS occasion. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first beam covers entire coverage of the base station. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein first and second PRSs are respectively assigned to first and second regions on each PRS occasion,
wherein the first PRS is a PRS for all in-coverage user equipments (UEs), and wherein the second PRS is a UE-dedicated PRS for a specific UE. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first PRS is transmitted by sweeping beams indicated by the PRS occasion configuration information among beams used by the base station in the first region on a first PRS occasion and sweeping remaining beams in the first region on a second PRS occasion. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the second PRS is transmitted by sweeping predetermined beams based on beamforming. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second PRS is transmitted by sweeping the beams used in the beamforming both in the second region on a first PRS occasion and in the second region on a second PRS occasion. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the base station calculates the number of UEs having received power greater than or equal to a threshold for each available beam of the base station, and wherein the beams used in the beamforming are determined based on the number of the UEs. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRS occasion configuration information is signaled by a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal. 12. A base station for transmitting a positioning reference signal (PRS) in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising:
a receiving module configured to receive a signal; a transmitting module configured to transmit a signal; and a processor configured to control the receiving module and the transmitting module, wherein the processor is configured to: control the transmitting module to transmit PRS occasion configuration information; and control the transmitting module to transmit the PRS on each PRS occasion based on the PRS occasion configuration information, wherein the PRS occasion configuration information includes information on beams used on each PRS occasion, and wherein the PRS is transmitted by sweeping the beams used on each PRS occasion. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the beams are swept on a PRS subframe basis in the PRS occasion. 14. The base station of claim 12, wherein when the number of beams used by the base station is greater than the number of PRS subframes in the PRS occasion, the PRS is transmitted by sweeping beams indicated by the PRS occasion configuration information among the beams used by the base station on a first PRS occasion and sweeping remaining beams on a second PRS occasion. 15. The base station of claim 12, wherein a first beam is configured in all PRS subframes in the PRS occasion, and wherein the first beam covers entire coverage of the base station. | A method for a base station to transmit a positioning reference signal (PRS) in a wireless communication system may be provided according to an embodiment in the present specification. Here, the method for transmitting a PRS may comprise: a step of transmitting PRS occasion configuration information; and a step of transmitting a PRS in each PRS occasion on the basis of the PRS occasion configuration information. Here, the PRS occasion configuration information may include information about beams used in the respective PRS occasions, and the PRS may be transmitted as the beams used in the respective PRS occasions are swept.1. A method of transmitting a positioning reference signal (PRS) by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting PRS occasion configuration information; and transmitting the PRS on each PRS occasion based on the PRS occasion configuration information, wherein the PRS occasion configuration information includes information on beams used on each PRS occasion, and wherein the PRS is transmitted by sweeping the beams used on each PRS occasion. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beams are swept on a PRS subframe basis in the PRS occasion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein based on the number of beams used by the base station greater than the number of PRS subframes in the PRS occasion, the PRS is transmitted by sweeping beams indicated by the PRS occasion configuration information among the beams used by the base station on a first PRS occasion and sweeping remaining beams on a second PRS occasion. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a first beam is configured in all PRS subframes in the PRS occasion. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first beam covers entire coverage of the base station. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein first and second PRSs are respectively assigned to first and second regions on each PRS occasion,
wherein the first PRS is a PRS for all in-coverage user equipments (UEs), and wherein the second PRS is a UE-dedicated PRS for a specific UE. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first PRS is transmitted by sweeping beams indicated by the PRS occasion configuration information among beams used by the base station in the first region on a first PRS occasion and sweeping remaining beams in the first region on a second PRS occasion. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the second PRS is transmitted by sweeping predetermined beams based on beamforming. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second PRS is transmitted by sweeping the beams used in the beamforming both in the second region on a first PRS occasion and in the second region on a second PRS occasion. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the base station calculates the number of UEs having received power greater than or equal to a threshold for each available beam of the base station, and wherein the beams used in the beamforming are determined based on the number of the UEs. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRS occasion configuration information is signaled by a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal. 12. A base station for transmitting a positioning reference signal (PRS) in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising:
a receiving module configured to receive a signal; a transmitting module configured to transmit a signal; and a processor configured to control the receiving module and the transmitting module, wherein the processor is configured to: control the transmitting module to transmit PRS occasion configuration information; and control the transmitting module to transmit the PRS on each PRS occasion based on the PRS occasion configuration information, wherein the PRS occasion configuration information includes information on beams used on each PRS occasion, and wherein the PRS is transmitted by sweeping the beams used on each PRS occasion. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the beams are swept on a PRS subframe basis in the PRS occasion. 14. The base station of claim 12, wherein when the number of beams used by the base station is greater than the number of PRS subframes in the PRS occasion, the PRS is transmitted by sweeping beams indicated by the PRS occasion configuration information among the beams used by the base station on a first PRS occasion and sweeping remaining beams on a second PRS occasion. 15. The base station of claim 12, wherein a first beam is configured in all PRS subframes in the PRS occasion, and wherein the first beam covers entire coverage of the base station. | 1,600 |
343,127 | 16,802,558 | 2,847 | A wire harness is routed in a vehicle, is configured to be connected to each of devices having a self-diagnosis function, and has a function of detecting states of the devices separately from the devices. The wire harness includes a harness main body, connection portions provided on end portions of the harness main body respectively and configured to be connected to the devices respectively, a detection unit provided in at least one of the connection portions and configured to detect a state of the device separately from the self-diagnosis function of the each of devices, and a safety management unit configured to capture data of the state of the device. | 1. A wire harness,
wherein the wire harness is routed in a vehicle, is configured to be connected to each of devices having a self-diagnosis function, and has a function of detecting states of the devices separately from the self-diagnosis function of the each of devices. 2. The wire harness according to claim 1, comprising:
a harness main body configured to electrically connect the devices; connection portions provided on end portions of the harness main body respectively and configured to be connected to the devices respectively; a detection unit provided in at least one of the connection portions and configured to detect a state of the device separately from the self-diagnosis function of the each of devices; and a safety management unit configured to capture data of the state of the device detected by the detection unit, wherein the safety management unit has a function of detecting an abnormal state of the device, storing the abnormal state, and warning an occupant of the vehicle that the device is in the abnormal state. 3. The wire harness according to claim 2,
wherein the detection unit is provided so as to be in contact with the device when the connection portion provided with the detection unit is connected to the device. 4. The wire harness according to claim 2,
wherein the detection unit is configured to detect at least one of a temperature, humidity, a vibration, and power consumption of the device which is to be detected by the detection unit. 5. A safety management system comprising:
the wire harness according to claim 2; and a server located outside a vehicle, wherein the safety management unit of the wire harness has a function of transmitting and receiving data to and from the server. | A wire harness is routed in a vehicle, is configured to be connected to each of devices having a self-diagnosis function, and has a function of detecting states of the devices separately from the devices. The wire harness includes a harness main body, connection portions provided on end portions of the harness main body respectively and configured to be connected to the devices respectively, a detection unit provided in at least one of the connection portions and configured to detect a state of the device separately from the self-diagnosis function of the each of devices, and a safety management unit configured to capture data of the state of the device.1. A wire harness,
wherein the wire harness is routed in a vehicle, is configured to be connected to each of devices having a self-diagnosis function, and has a function of detecting states of the devices separately from the self-diagnosis function of the each of devices. 2. The wire harness according to claim 1, comprising:
a harness main body configured to electrically connect the devices; connection portions provided on end portions of the harness main body respectively and configured to be connected to the devices respectively; a detection unit provided in at least one of the connection portions and configured to detect a state of the device separately from the self-diagnosis function of the each of devices; and a safety management unit configured to capture data of the state of the device detected by the detection unit, wherein the safety management unit has a function of detecting an abnormal state of the device, storing the abnormal state, and warning an occupant of the vehicle that the device is in the abnormal state. 3. The wire harness according to claim 2,
wherein the detection unit is provided so as to be in contact with the device when the connection portion provided with the detection unit is connected to the device. 4. The wire harness according to claim 2,
wherein the detection unit is configured to detect at least one of a temperature, humidity, a vibration, and power consumption of the device which is to be detected by the detection unit. 5. A safety management system comprising:
the wire harness according to claim 2; and a server located outside a vehicle, wherein the safety management unit of the wire harness has a function of transmitting and receiving data to and from the server. | 2,800 |
343,128 | 16,642,860 | 1,655 | Nutritional supplement compositions are disclosed for improving health and function of the gut-brain-axis (GBX) and one or more mood states (MS) of an individual—also described as Mental Wellness (MW). Nutritional supplements disclosed herein may include plant material from any combination of (1) pine bark, (2) grape seed, and (3) apple fruit and peel. Related processes are also disclosed. | 1. A nutritional supplement comprising:
plant material from pine bark; and plant material from apple fruit/peel; and plant material from grape seed. 2. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the pine bark is from the species Pinus radiata, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of pine bark extract. 3. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the apple fruit/peel is from the species Malus domestica, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of apple fruit/peel. 4. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the grape seed is from the species Vitus vinifera, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of grape seed extract. 5. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 6. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 7. A method of altering the mood state of a subject, the method comprising:
administering to the subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising plant material from pine bark, plant material from apple fruit/peel and plant material from grape seed. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant material from pine bark of the nutritional supplement is from the species Pinus radiata, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of pine bark extract. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant material from apple fruit/peel is from the species Malus domestica, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of apple fruit/peel. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant material from grape seed is from the species Vitus vinifera, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of grape seed extract 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 15. A method of altering the mood state of a human subject, the method comprising the steps of: pg,16 administering to the human subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of pine bark extract from the species Pinus radiata, between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of apple fruit/peel from the species Malus domestica, and between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of grape seed extract from the species Vitus vinifera. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. | Nutritional supplement compositions are disclosed for improving health and function of the gut-brain-axis (GBX) and one or more mood states (MS) of an individual—also described as Mental Wellness (MW). Nutritional supplements disclosed herein may include plant material from any combination of (1) pine bark, (2) grape seed, and (3) apple fruit and peel. Related processes are also disclosed.1. A nutritional supplement comprising:
plant material from pine bark; and plant material from apple fruit/peel; and plant material from grape seed. 2. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the pine bark is from the species Pinus radiata, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of pine bark extract. 3. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the apple fruit/peel is from the species Malus domestica, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of apple fruit/peel. 4. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the grape seed is from the species Vitus vinifera, and wherein the nutritional supplement comprises between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of grape seed extract. 5. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 6. The nutritional supplement of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 7. A method of altering the mood state of a subject, the method comprising:
administering to the subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising plant material from pine bark, plant material from apple fruit/peel and plant material from grape seed. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant material from pine bark of the nutritional supplement is from the species Pinus radiata, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of pine bark extract. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant material from apple fruit/peel is from the species Malus domestica, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of apple fruit/peel. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant material from grape seed is from the species Vitus vinifera, and wherein the nutritional supplement includes between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of grape seed extract 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 15. A method of altering the mood state of a human subject, the method comprising the steps of: pg,16 administering to the human subject an effective amount of a nutritional supplement comprising between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of pine bark extract from the species Pinus radiata, between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of apple fruit/peel from the species Malus domestica, and between about 10 mg and about 100 mg of grape seed extract from the species Vitus vinifera. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is effective for increasing positive mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is effective for decreasing negative mood state when administered to a healthy adult. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is effective for improving sleep quality when administered to a healthy adult. | 1,600 |
343,129 | 16,642,859 | 1,655 | A method for rendering a visual representation of a font glyph, the method comprising computing a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph, computing a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines, and then rendering each pixel by generating an ellipse, computing a ray that intersects a centre of the ellipse, calculating a coverage value, and using the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel. | 1. A method for rendering a visual representation of a font glyph, the method comprising:
performing a pre-processing procedure comprising:
computing a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph;
computing a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines; and
subdividing the cells so that each cell is not intersected by more than a maximum quantity of the straight or curved lines; and
performing a rendering procedure for each pixel of a computer visual display comprising:
generating an ellipse corresponding to the relevant pixel;
performing a lookup operation using the grid to determine edges of the font glyph that intersect the ellipse;
computing a ray that has opposed first and second ends and intersects a centre of the ellipse and opposed first and second edges of the ellipse;
initializing a coverage value to zero;
when the ray enters the font glyph at an entry point, adding to the coverage value the distance between the entry point and the second end of the ray and calculating a glancing angle between the ray and the entry point;
when the ray exists the font glyph at an exit point, subtracting from the coverage value the distance between the exit point and the second end of the ray;
using the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel; and
adjusting a size of the ellipse based on the glancing angle. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second end of the ray in the rendering procedure coincides with the second edge of the ellipse. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-processing procedure further comprises:
computing a set of vertices for the set of straight or curved lines; assigning an index to each vertex in the set of vertices; and for each cell in the grid, storing the index of each vertex in the set of vertices that corresponds to a straight or curved line intersecting the cell. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein:
the set of vertices is an ordered set of vertices; and the ordered set of vertices is used during the rendering procedure to determine if each intersection between the ray and the font glyph is an entry or exit point. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of vertices are ordered in a clockwise direction such that for each vertex in the set of vertices:
an interior section of the font glyph is always disposed to the right hand side of the straight or curved line relating to the vertex; and an exterior section of the font glyph is always disposed to the left hand side of the straight or curved line relating to the vertex. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
converting the grid of cells into a texture after performing the pre-processing procedure; and using the texture to perform the look-up operation of the rendering procedure. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the curved lines computed in the pre-processing procedure comprise Bezier curves. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rendering procedure further comprises applying a transform to the set of straight or curved lines to convert them into a coordinate system whereby the ellipse has a diameter of unit length. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the pre-processing procedure further comprises computing a flag for each cell of the grid that indicates whether each cell is positioned inside or outside of the font glyph; and the rendering procedure further comprises using each flag to determine whether a centre of the ellipse is located inside or outside of the font glyph. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using the coverage value to calculate an alpha value of the pixel. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rendering procedure further comprises:
computing a plurality of rays for each ellipse, wherein each ray is inclined at a unique angle relative to all other rays in the plurality of rays; computing a plurality of coverage values using the plurality of rays; and calculating the colour value of the relevant pixel using an average of the plurality of coverage values. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preprocessing procedure is executed on a central processing unit of a computer system. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the rendering procedure is executed on a graphics processor unit of the computer system. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the rendering procedure is executed using a fragment shader program executed on the graphics processor unit. 15. A system for rendering a visual representation of a font glyph, the system comprising:
a central processing unit configured to:
compute a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph;
compute a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines; and
subdivide the cells so that each cell is not intersected by more than a maximum quantity of the straight or curved lines; and
a graphics processor unit configured to:
apply a transform to each pixel of a computer visual display to generate an ellipse corresponding to the relevant pixel;
perform a lookup operation using the grid to determine edges of the font glyph that intersect the ellipse;
compute a ray that has opposed first and second ends and that intersects a centre of the ellipse and opposed first and second edges of the ellipse;
initialize a coverage value to zero;
when the ray enters the font glyph at an entry point, add to the coverage value the distance between the entry point and the second end of the ray and calculate a glancing angle between the ray and the entry point,
when the ray exists the font glyph at an exit point, subtract from the coverage value the distance between the exit point and the second end of the ray;
use the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel; and
adjusting a size of the ellipse based on the glancing angle. 16. A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, comprising:
performing a pre-processing procedure comprising:
computing a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph;
computing a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines; and
subdividing the cells so that each cell is not intersected by more than a maximum quantity of the straight or curved lines; and
performing a rendering procedure for each pixel of a computer visual display comprising:
applying a transform to the relevant pixel to generate an ellipse corresponding to the relevant pixel;
performing a lookup operation using the grid to determine edges of the font glyph that intersect the ellipse;
computing a ray that has opposed first and second ends and intersects a centre of the ellipse and opposed first and second edges of the ellipse;
initializing a coverage value to zero;
when the ray enters the font glyph at an entry point, adding to the coverage value the distance between the entry point and the second end of the ray and calculating a glancing angle between the ray and the entry point;
when the ray exists the font glyph at an exit point, subtracting from the coverage value the distance between the exit point and the second end of the ray;
using the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel; and
adjusting a size of the ellipse based on the glancing angle. | A method for rendering a visual representation of a font glyph, the method comprising computing a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph, computing a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines, and then rendering each pixel by generating an ellipse, computing a ray that intersects a centre of the ellipse, calculating a coverage value, and using the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel.1. A method for rendering a visual representation of a font glyph, the method comprising:
performing a pre-processing procedure comprising:
computing a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph;
computing a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines; and
subdividing the cells so that each cell is not intersected by more than a maximum quantity of the straight or curved lines; and
performing a rendering procedure for each pixel of a computer visual display comprising:
generating an ellipse corresponding to the relevant pixel;
performing a lookup operation using the grid to determine edges of the font glyph that intersect the ellipse;
computing a ray that has opposed first and second ends and intersects a centre of the ellipse and opposed first and second edges of the ellipse;
initializing a coverage value to zero;
when the ray enters the font glyph at an entry point, adding to the coverage value the distance between the entry point and the second end of the ray and calculating a glancing angle between the ray and the entry point;
when the ray exists the font glyph at an exit point, subtracting from the coverage value the distance between the exit point and the second end of the ray;
using the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel; and
adjusting a size of the ellipse based on the glancing angle. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second end of the ray in the rendering procedure coincides with the second edge of the ellipse. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-processing procedure further comprises:
computing a set of vertices for the set of straight or curved lines; assigning an index to each vertex in the set of vertices; and for each cell in the grid, storing the index of each vertex in the set of vertices that corresponds to a straight or curved line intersecting the cell. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein:
the set of vertices is an ordered set of vertices; and the ordered set of vertices is used during the rendering procedure to determine if each intersection between the ray and the font glyph is an entry or exit point. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of vertices are ordered in a clockwise direction such that for each vertex in the set of vertices:
an interior section of the font glyph is always disposed to the right hand side of the straight or curved line relating to the vertex; and an exterior section of the font glyph is always disposed to the left hand side of the straight or curved line relating to the vertex. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
converting the grid of cells into a texture after performing the pre-processing procedure; and using the texture to perform the look-up operation of the rendering procedure. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the curved lines computed in the pre-processing procedure comprise Bezier curves. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rendering procedure further comprises applying a transform to the set of straight or curved lines to convert them into a coordinate system whereby the ellipse has a diameter of unit length. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the pre-processing procedure further comprises computing a flag for each cell of the grid that indicates whether each cell is positioned inside or outside of the font glyph; and the rendering procedure further comprises using each flag to determine whether a centre of the ellipse is located inside or outside of the font glyph. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using the coverage value to calculate an alpha value of the pixel. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rendering procedure further comprises:
computing a plurality of rays for each ellipse, wherein each ray is inclined at a unique angle relative to all other rays in the plurality of rays; computing a plurality of coverage values using the plurality of rays; and calculating the colour value of the relevant pixel using an average of the plurality of coverage values. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preprocessing procedure is executed on a central processing unit of a computer system. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the rendering procedure is executed on a graphics processor unit of the computer system. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the rendering procedure is executed using a fragment shader program executed on the graphics processor unit. 15. A system for rendering a visual representation of a font glyph, the system comprising:
a central processing unit configured to:
compute a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph;
compute a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines; and
subdivide the cells so that each cell is not intersected by more than a maximum quantity of the straight or curved lines; and
a graphics processor unit configured to:
apply a transform to each pixel of a computer visual display to generate an ellipse corresponding to the relevant pixel;
perform a lookup operation using the grid to determine edges of the font glyph that intersect the ellipse;
compute a ray that has opposed first and second ends and that intersects a centre of the ellipse and opposed first and second edges of the ellipse;
initialize a coverage value to zero;
when the ray enters the font glyph at an entry point, add to the coverage value the distance between the entry point and the second end of the ray and calculate a glancing angle between the ray and the entry point,
when the ray exists the font glyph at an exit point, subtract from the coverage value the distance between the exit point and the second end of the ray;
use the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel; and
adjusting a size of the ellipse based on the glancing angle. 16. A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, comprising:
performing a pre-processing procedure comprising:
computing a set of straight or curved lines, wherein the straight or curved lines correspond to edges of the font glyph;
computing a grid of cells overlaying the straight or curved lines; and
subdividing the cells so that each cell is not intersected by more than a maximum quantity of the straight or curved lines; and
performing a rendering procedure for each pixel of a computer visual display comprising:
applying a transform to the relevant pixel to generate an ellipse corresponding to the relevant pixel;
performing a lookup operation using the grid to determine edges of the font glyph that intersect the ellipse;
computing a ray that has opposed first and second ends and intersects a centre of the ellipse and opposed first and second edges of the ellipse;
initializing a coverage value to zero;
when the ray enters the font glyph at an entry point, adding to the coverage value the distance between the entry point and the second end of the ray and calculating a glancing angle between the ray and the entry point;
when the ray exists the font glyph at an exit point, subtracting from the coverage value the distance between the exit point and the second end of the ray;
using the coverage value to calculate a colour value for each pixel; and
adjusting a size of the ellipse based on the glancing angle. | 1,600 |
343,130 | 16,642,867 | 1,655 | A Group III-Nitride (III-N) device structure is provided comprising: a heterostructure having three or more layers comprising III-N material, an anode n+ region and a cathode comprising donor dopants, wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode are on the first layer of the heterostructure and wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode extend beyond the heterostructure, and an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed. | 1-24. (canceled) 25. A Group III-Nitride (III-N) device structure, comprising:
a heterostructure having three or more layers comprising III-N material; an anode n+ region and a cathode comprising donor dopants, wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode are on the first layer of the heterostructure and wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode extend beyond the heterostructure; and an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. 26. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the first layer of the heterostructure comprises GaN, and a second layer of the heterostructure comprises AN. 27. The III-N device structure of claim 26, further comprising donor dopants in the first layer of the heterostructure comprising a delta doping layer or an implanted impurity doping layer. 28. The III-N device structure of claim 26, wherein the anode metal region is separated from the first layer of the heterostructure by a 1-3 nm portion of the second layer of the heterostructure. 29. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the anode metal region comprises Ni. 30. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the second width of the anode metal region comprises an overhang over one or more layers of the hetero structure that extends into contact with the anode n+ region. 31. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the anode metal region comprises a third width that extends over the anode n+ region. 32. The III-N device structure of claim 1, wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region through an interconnect layer. 33. A computer platform comprising:
one or more transceiver; a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver; and an antenna coupled to the transceiver, wherein the transceiver is coupled to a III-N device comprising:
a heterostructure having three or more layers comprising III-N material;
an anode n+ region and a cathode comprising donor dopants, wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode are on the first layer of the heterostructure and wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode extend beyond the heterostructure; and
an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. 34. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the first layer of the heterostructure comprises GaN and a second layer of the heterostructure comprises AN. 35. The computer platform of claim 33, further comprising donor dopants in the first layer of the heterostructure comprising a delta doping layer or an implant doping layer. 36. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the anode metal region is separated from the first layer of the heterostructure by a 1-3 nm portion of the second layer of the heterostructure. 37. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the anode metal region comprises Ni. 38. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the second width of the anode metal region comprises an overhang over one or more layers of the heterostructure that extends into contact with the anode n+ region. 39. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the anode metal region comprises a third width that extends over the anode n+ region. 40. The computer platform of any of claims 33, wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region through an interconnect layer. 41. A method of forming a Group III-Nitride (III-N) device structure, the method comprising:
forming a heterostructure comprising three or more III-N material layers; forming an anode n+ region and a cathode semiconductor on the first layer of the heterostructure, wherein the anode n+ region and cathode comprise donor dopants, and wherein the anode n+ region and cathode extend beyond the heterostructure; and forming an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein forming the heterostructure comprising forming the first layer of the heterostructure comprising GaN and forming a second layer of the heterostructure comprising AN. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising forming donor dopants in the first layer of the heterostructure through delta doping or an implant doping. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein forming the anode metal region comprises forming the anode metal region separated from the first layer of the heterostructure by a 1-3 nm portion of the second layer of the heterostructure. | A Group III-Nitride (III-N) device structure is provided comprising: a heterostructure having three or more layers comprising III-N material, an anode n+ region and a cathode comprising donor dopants, wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode are on the first layer of the heterostructure and wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode extend beyond the heterostructure, and an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.1-24. (canceled) 25. A Group III-Nitride (III-N) device structure, comprising:
a heterostructure having three or more layers comprising III-N material; an anode n+ region and a cathode comprising donor dopants, wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode are on the first layer of the heterostructure and wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode extend beyond the heterostructure; and an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. 26. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the first layer of the heterostructure comprises GaN, and a second layer of the heterostructure comprises AN. 27. The III-N device structure of claim 26, further comprising donor dopants in the first layer of the heterostructure comprising a delta doping layer or an implanted impurity doping layer. 28. The III-N device structure of claim 26, wherein the anode metal region is separated from the first layer of the heterostructure by a 1-3 nm portion of the second layer of the heterostructure. 29. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the anode metal region comprises Ni. 30. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the second width of the anode metal region comprises an overhang over one or more layers of the hetero structure that extends into contact with the anode n+ region. 31. The III-N device structure of claim 25, wherein the anode metal region comprises a third width that extends over the anode n+ region. 32. The III-N device structure of claim 1, wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region through an interconnect layer. 33. A computer platform comprising:
one or more transceiver; a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver; and an antenna coupled to the transceiver, wherein the transceiver is coupled to a III-N device comprising:
a heterostructure having three or more layers comprising III-N material;
an anode n+ region and a cathode comprising donor dopants, wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode are on the first layer of the heterostructure and wherein the anode n+ region and the cathode extend beyond the heterostructure; and
an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. 34. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the first layer of the heterostructure comprises GaN and a second layer of the heterostructure comprises AN. 35. The computer platform of claim 33, further comprising donor dopants in the first layer of the heterostructure comprising a delta doping layer or an implant doping layer. 36. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the anode metal region is separated from the first layer of the heterostructure by a 1-3 nm portion of the second layer of the heterostructure. 37. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the anode metal region comprises Ni. 38. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the second width of the anode metal region comprises an overhang over one or more layers of the heterostructure that extends into contact with the anode n+ region. 39. The computer platform of claim 33, wherein the anode metal region comprises a third width that extends over the anode n+ region. 40. The computer platform of any of claims 33, wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region through an interconnect layer. 41. A method of forming a Group III-Nitride (III-N) device structure, the method comprising:
forming a heterostructure comprising three or more III-N material layers; forming an anode n+ region and a cathode semiconductor on the first layer of the heterostructure, wherein the anode n+ region and cathode comprise donor dopants, and wherein the anode n+ region and cathode extend beyond the heterostructure; and forming an anode metal region within a recess that extends through two or more of the layers, wherein the anode metal region is in electrical contact with the first layer, wherein the anode metal region comprises a first width within the recess and a second width beyond the recess, and wherein the anode metal region is coupled with the anode n+ region. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein forming the heterostructure comprising forming the first layer of the heterostructure comprising GaN and forming a second layer of the heterostructure comprising AN. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising forming donor dopants in the first layer of the heterostructure through delta doping or an implant doping. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein forming the anode metal region comprises forming the anode metal region separated from the first layer of the heterostructure by a 1-3 nm portion of the second layer of the heterostructure. | 1,600 |
343,131 | 16,642,890 | 1,655 | Disclosed is a method of estimating likelihood of an alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser in an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and the alleged purchaser. The transaction is based on a digital identifier. The method may comprise the following computer implemented acts. There may be an act of providing electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier. There may be an act of collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction. There may be an act of estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser. | 1. A method of estimating likelihood of an alleged purchaser being a rightful purchaser in an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and the alleged purchaser, the method comprising the following steps:
providing electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with a digital identifier; collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction; and estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser includes requesting data based on the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser from the alleged purchaser. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acts of collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and estimating the likelihood of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser are performed iteratively one or more times, during the one or more iterations, the likelihood is partitioned as:
the transaction is accepted where the alleged purchaser is identified as the rightful purchaser and the iterations are stopped; the transaction is for re-evaluation where the alleged purchaser is expected to be the rightful purchaser and the iterations are continued; the true identity of the alleged purchaser is considered inconclusive where the alleged purchaser cannot be determined to be the rightful purchaser and the iterations are stopped. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of estimating the likelihood of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser is only partitioned as inconclusive where the alleged purchaser cancels the ongoing electronic commerce transaction. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting electronically registered data includes collecting digital identifier-DNA. 6. The method according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of collecting electronically registered data includes collection of a person-browser-DNA of the alleged purchaser, a software implemented interface-browser-DNA used by the alleged purchaser or collecting both. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the collection of person- and/or interface-browser-DNA includes collecting one or more browser setting(s) or browser-pattern(s). 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to the digital identifier being known,
the step of estimating the likelihood of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser is based on stored historical transactions previously performed by the rightful purchaser. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to the digital identifier being known,
updating the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier based upon updated status data of the rightful purchaser. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of updating the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser is sourced from personal data sources of the rightful purchaser. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein in response to the digital identifier being unknown,
updating the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the personal data sources are sourced from officially-registered data source(s) linking a personal identification number to the rightful purchaser. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the personal data sources are sourced from one or more publicly available data source(s). 14. A method of performing an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and an alleged purchaser wherein the transaction is based on a digital identifier linked to a principal verifying the transaction for completion by the merchant; the method comprising the following step:
the alleged purchaser passing the digital identifier to a system for estimating likelihood of the alleged purchaser being a rightful purchaser in the ongoing electronic commerce transaction; wherein the system for estimating likelihood performs the following steps:
registering the digital identifier and the transaction,
providing electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier,
collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction,
estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser,
passing the digital identifier and the transaction to the principal for verification of the transaction based on the digital identifier, and
receiving a transaction verified or a transaction un-verified from the principal; and
in response to receiving transaction verified, the system for estimating likelihood performs the following steps
passing the estimated likelihood as transaction is for acceptance to the merchant;
storing electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser as electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser
in response to receiving transaction un-verified, the system for estimating likelihood to perform the following steps
requesting one or more verification requirements as further documentation of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser;
passing the estimated likelihood as transaction is for acceptance or transaction is for re-evaluation or transaction is considered inconclusive to the merchant;
in response to the system for estimating likelihood passing the estimated likelihood and the likelihood partitioned as
Transaction is for acceptance,
Transaction is for re-evaluation, and
Transaction is considered inconclusive 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the system for estimating the likelihood is implemented as instructions on a computer. 16. A system for estimating likelihood of an alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser in an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and the alleged purchaser, the transaction being based on a digital identifier, the system comprising:
a merchant interface configured and arranged to exchange data with a merchant; a principal interface configured and arranged to exchange data with a principal; a collection interface configured and arranged to
provide electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier, and
collect electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction; and
a computer configured and arranged for estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser. 17. A computer program comprising instructions to cause the computer of claim 16 to execute the steps of claim 14. | Disclosed is a method of estimating likelihood of an alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser in an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and the alleged purchaser. The transaction is based on a digital identifier. The method may comprise the following computer implemented acts. There may be an act of providing electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier. There may be an act of collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction. There may be an act of estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser.1. A method of estimating likelihood of an alleged purchaser being a rightful purchaser in an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and the alleged purchaser, the method comprising the following steps:
providing electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with a digital identifier; collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction; and estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser includes requesting data based on the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser from the alleged purchaser. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acts of collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and estimating the likelihood of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser are performed iteratively one or more times, during the one or more iterations, the likelihood is partitioned as:
the transaction is accepted where the alleged purchaser is identified as the rightful purchaser and the iterations are stopped; the transaction is for re-evaluation where the alleged purchaser is expected to be the rightful purchaser and the iterations are continued; the true identity of the alleged purchaser is considered inconclusive where the alleged purchaser cannot be determined to be the rightful purchaser and the iterations are stopped. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of estimating the likelihood of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser is only partitioned as inconclusive where the alleged purchaser cancels the ongoing electronic commerce transaction. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting electronically registered data includes collecting digital identifier-DNA. 6. The method according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of collecting electronically registered data includes collection of a person-browser-DNA of the alleged purchaser, a software implemented interface-browser-DNA used by the alleged purchaser or collecting both. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the collection of person- and/or interface-browser-DNA includes collecting one or more browser setting(s) or browser-pattern(s). 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to the digital identifier being known,
the step of estimating the likelihood of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser is based on stored historical transactions previously performed by the rightful purchaser. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to the digital identifier being known,
updating the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier based upon updated status data of the rightful purchaser. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of updating the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser is sourced from personal data sources of the rightful purchaser. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein in response to the digital identifier being unknown,
updating the electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the personal data sources are sourced from officially-registered data source(s) linking a personal identification number to the rightful purchaser. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the personal data sources are sourced from one or more publicly available data source(s). 14. A method of performing an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and an alleged purchaser wherein the transaction is based on a digital identifier linked to a principal verifying the transaction for completion by the merchant; the method comprising the following step:
the alleged purchaser passing the digital identifier to a system for estimating likelihood of the alleged purchaser being a rightful purchaser in the ongoing electronic commerce transaction; wherein the system for estimating likelihood performs the following steps:
registering the digital identifier and the transaction,
providing electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier,
collecting electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction,
estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser,
passing the digital identifier and the transaction to the principal for verification of the transaction based on the digital identifier, and
receiving a transaction verified or a transaction un-verified from the principal; and
in response to receiving transaction verified, the system for estimating likelihood performs the following steps
passing the estimated likelihood as transaction is for acceptance to the merchant;
storing electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser as electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser
in response to receiving transaction un-verified, the system for estimating likelihood to perform the following steps
requesting one or more verification requirements as further documentation of the alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser;
passing the estimated likelihood as transaction is for acceptance or transaction is for re-evaluation or transaction is considered inconclusive to the merchant;
in response to the system for estimating likelihood passing the estimated likelihood and the likelihood partitioned as
Transaction is for acceptance,
Transaction is for re-evaluation, and
Transaction is considered inconclusive 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the system for estimating the likelihood is implemented as instructions on a computer. 16. A system for estimating likelihood of an alleged purchaser being the rightful purchaser in an ongoing electronic commerce transaction between a merchant and the alleged purchaser, the transaction being based on a digital identifier, the system comprising:
a merchant interface configured and arranged to exchange data with a merchant; a principal interface configured and arranged to exchange data with a principal; a collection interface configured and arranged to
provide electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser associated with the digital identifier, and
collect electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser using the digital identifier in the transaction; and
a computer configured and arranged for estimating the likelihood as a function of the collected electronically registered data of the alleged purchaser and the provided electronically registered data of the rightful purchaser. 17. A computer program comprising instructions to cause the computer of claim 16 to execute the steps of claim 14. | 1,600 |
343,132 | 16,642,865 | 1,655 | A memory device includes a first electrode, a non-volatile memory element having a first terminal and a second terminal, where the first terminal is coupled to the first electrode. The memory device further includes a selector having a first terminal, a second terminal and a sidewall between the first and second terminals, where the second terminal of the selector is coupled to the first terminal of the non-volatile memory element. A second electrode is coupled to the second terminal of the selector and a third electrode laterally adjacent to the sidewall of the selector. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A memory device comprising:
a first electrode; a non-volatile memory element having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the first electrode; a selector having a first terminal, a second terminal and a sidewall therebetween, wherein the second terminal of the selector is coupled to the first terminal of the non-volatile memory element; a second electrode coupled to the second terminal of the selector; and a third electrode laterally adjacent to the sidewall of the selector. 27. The memory device of claim 26, wherein the selector comprises a metal-insulator-metal stack. 28. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator comprises oxygen and at least one of hafnium, tantalum, niobium and vanadium. 29. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator comprises a phase change material. 30. The memory device of claim 29, wherein the phase change material comprises at least Ge and Te. 31. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator comprises a filament extending through a thickness of the insulator. 32. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator has a thickness between 1 nm and 50 nm. 33. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the third electrode is laterally adjacent to a portion of the sidewall of the insulator. 34. The memory device of claim 26, further comprising a dielectric layer between the third electrode and the sidewall of the selector. 35. The memory device of claim 34, wherein the dielectric layer comprises oxygen and one or more metals. 36. The memory device of claim 26, wherein the non-volatile memory element comprises a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device, the MTJ device comprising:
a fixed magnet; a tunnel barrier above the fixed magnet; and a free magnet above the tunnel barrier. 37. The memory device of claim 26, wherein the non-volatile memory element comprises a resistive RAM device. 38. The memory device of claim 26, wherein:
the selector comprises a first selector and the memory device further comprises a second selector and a third selector; the first electrode and the second electrode are coupled to the first selector and to the second selector; and the third electrode, extends in a direction orthogonal to the first and second electrodes and is coupled to the first selector and to the third selector. 39. A method to fabricate a memory device, comprising:
forming a first electrode; forming a non-volatile memory element coupled to the first electrode; forming a selector comprising a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack coupled to the non-volatile memory element; depositing a second electrode adjacent to a sidewall of the selector; and forming a third electrode coupled to the selector. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the third electrode comprises depositing a conductive material laterally surrounding a gate dielectric layer of the MIM stack. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the selector further comprises depositing the MIM stack, and forming the sidewall of the selector by patterning the MIM stack. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the third electrode further comprises depositing an interlayer dielectric layer over the selector and the second electrode; and
landing a conductive via on a metal layer of the MIM stack. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the non-volatile memory element further comprises forming an MTJ memory device. 44. A method of operating a memory device, the method comprising:
applying a first voltage to a first terminal of a selector having a second terminal coupled to a non-volatile memory device, wherein the selector comprises a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack; setting a threshold voltage of the selector by applying a second voltage to a third terminal of the selector; sensing a state of the memory device by measuring a charge flow through the memory device. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the first voltage is between 0 and 50 mV, the second voltage is between 2V and 3V, and the threshold voltage is less than 50 mv. | A memory device includes a first electrode, a non-volatile memory element having a first terminal and a second terminal, where the first terminal is coupled to the first electrode. The memory device further includes a selector having a first terminal, a second terminal and a sidewall between the first and second terminals, where the second terminal of the selector is coupled to the first terminal of the non-volatile memory element. A second electrode is coupled to the second terminal of the selector and a third electrode laterally adjacent to the sidewall of the selector.1-25. (canceled) 26. A memory device comprising:
a first electrode; a non-volatile memory element having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the first electrode; a selector having a first terminal, a second terminal and a sidewall therebetween, wherein the second terminal of the selector is coupled to the first terminal of the non-volatile memory element; a second electrode coupled to the second terminal of the selector; and a third electrode laterally adjacent to the sidewall of the selector. 27. The memory device of claim 26, wherein the selector comprises a metal-insulator-metal stack. 28. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator comprises oxygen and at least one of hafnium, tantalum, niobium and vanadium. 29. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator comprises a phase change material. 30. The memory device of claim 29, wherein the phase change material comprises at least Ge and Te. 31. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator comprises a filament extending through a thickness of the insulator. 32. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the insulator has a thickness between 1 nm and 50 nm. 33. The memory device of claim 27, wherein the third electrode is laterally adjacent to a portion of the sidewall of the insulator. 34. The memory device of claim 26, further comprising a dielectric layer between the third electrode and the sidewall of the selector. 35. The memory device of claim 34, wherein the dielectric layer comprises oxygen and one or more metals. 36. The memory device of claim 26, wherein the non-volatile memory element comprises a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device, the MTJ device comprising:
a fixed magnet; a tunnel barrier above the fixed magnet; and a free magnet above the tunnel barrier. 37. The memory device of claim 26, wherein the non-volatile memory element comprises a resistive RAM device. 38. The memory device of claim 26, wherein:
the selector comprises a first selector and the memory device further comprises a second selector and a third selector; the first electrode and the second electrode are coupled to the first selector and to the second selector; and the third electrode, extends in a direction orthogonal to the first and second electrodes and is coupled to the first selector and to the third selector. 39. A method to fabricate a memory device, comprising:
forming a first electrode; forming a non-volatile memory element coupled to the first electrode; forming a selector comprising a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack coupled to the non-volatile memory element; depositing a second electrode adjacent to a sidewall of the selector; and forming a third electrode coupled to the selector. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the third electrode comprises depositing a conductive material laterally surrounding a gate dielectric layer of the MIM stack. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the selector further comprises depositing the MIM stack, and forming the sidewall of the selector by patterning the MIM stack. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the third electrode further comprises depositing an interlayer dielectric layer over the selector and the second electrode; and
landing a conductive via on a metal layer of the MIM stack. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the non-volatile memory element further comprises forming an MTJ memory device. 44. A method of operating a memory device, the method comprising:
applying a first voltage to a first terminal of a selector having a second terminal coupled to a non-volatile memory device, wherein the selector comprises a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack; setting a threshold voltage of the selector by applying a second voltage to a third terminal of the selector; sensing a state of the memory device by measuring a charge flow through the memory device. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the first voltage is between 0 and 50 mV, the second voltage is between 2V and 3V, and the threshold voltage is less than 50 mv. | 1,600 |
343,133 | 16,642,857 | 1,655 | The present disclosure provides a smart refrigerator-based networking and control method, a smart refrigerator-based networking and control system, and a smart refrigerator. Wherein the smart refrigerator-based networking and control method for the smart refrigerator comprises obtaining device information of the smart refrigerator; receiving device information and network access request sent by a device to be connected to the network through a Bluetooth assembly; bundling device information of the device to be connected to the network and device information of the smart refrigerator, and generating bundling information; and sending device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information to a server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information. The present disclosure realizes that the small home appliances and other devices which need to be connected to the network are connected to smart refrigerators through Bluetooth Low Energy technology, and connected to the network through protocol conversion, reducing the connection of Wi-Fi devices at the routing end, reducing routing loads, and enhancing the stability of the star architecture. | 1. A smart refrigerator-based networking and control method for a smart refrigerator, comprising:
obtaining device information of the smart refrigerator; receiving device information and network access request sent by a device to be connected to a network through a Bluetooth assembly; bundling device information of the device to be connected to the network and device information of the smart refrigerator, and generating bundling information; and sending device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information to a server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information. 2. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 1, wherein before receiving device information and network access request sent by the device to be connected to the network through the Bluetooth assembly, further comprising:
turning on the Bluetooth assembly of the smart refrigerator to connect to the Bluetooth assembly of the device to be connected to the network; and confirming that the smart refrigerator is a Bluetooth master device connected by Bluetooth. 3. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 2, wherein after obtaining device information of the smart refrigerator, before turning on the Bluetooth assembly of the smart refrigerator to connect to the Bluetooth assembly of the device to be connected to the network, further comprising:
receiving ID information of a registration terminal; and sending ID information of the registration terminal and device information of the smart refrigerator to the server, to bundle the registration terminal and the smart refrigerator. 4. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 3, wherein after sending ID information of the registration terminal and device information of the smart refrigerator to the server, to bundle the registration terminal and the smart refrigerator, further comprising:
determining whether a return data of the server is received; if the return data of the server is received, receiving the device information and the network access request sent by the device to be connected to the network through the Bluetooth assembly; and if the return data of the server is not received, resending ID information of the registration terminal and the device information of the smart refrigerator to the server. 5. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 4, wherein after sending device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and bundling information to the server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information, further comprising:
receiving a control instruction of the registration terminal to control the device to be connected to the network according to the control instruction. 6. A smart refrigerator-based networking and control system for the smart refrigerator, comprising:
an obtaining unit used to obtain device information of the smart refrigerator; a first receiving unit used to receive device information and network access request sent by a device to be connected to the network through a Bluetooth assembly; a bundling unit used to bundle device information of the device to be connected to the network and device information of the smart refrigerator, and generate bundling information; and a first sending unit used to send device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information to a server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information. 7. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 6, further comprising:
an enabling unit used to turn on the Bluetooth assembly of the smart refrigerator to connect to the Bluetooth assembly of the device to be connected to the network; and a confirming unit used to confirm that the smart refrigerator is a Bluetooth master device connected by Bluetooth. 8. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a second receiving unit used to receive ID information of a registration terminal; and a second sending unit used to send ID information of the registration terminal and device information of the smart refrigerator to the server, to bundle the registration terminal and the smart refrigerator. 9. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 8, further comprising:
a judgment unit used to determine whether a return data of the server is received; the first receiving unit is specifically used to receive the device information and the network access request sent by the device to be connected to the network through the Bluetooth assembly if the return data of the server is received; and the second sending unit is further used to resend ID information of the registration terminal and the device information of the smart refrigerator to the server if the return data of the server is not received. 10. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 9, further comprising:
a control unit used to receive a control instruction of the registration terminal to control the device to be connected to the network according to the control instruction. 11. A smart refrigerator, comprising the smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 6. | The present disclosure provides a smart refrigerator-based networking and control method, a smart refrigerator-based networking and control system, and a smart refrigerator. Wherein the smart refrigerator-based networking and control method for the smart refrigerator comprises obtaining device information of the smart refrigerator; receiving device information and network access request sent by a device to be connected to the network through a Bluetooth assembly; bundling device information of the device to be connected to the network and device information of the smart refrigerator, and generating bundling information; and sending device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information to a server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information. The present disclosure realizes that the small home appliances and other devices which need to be connected to the network are connected to smart refrigerators through Bluetooth Low Energy technology, and connected to the network through protocol conversion, reducing the connection of Wi-Fi devices at the routing end, reducing routing loads, and enhancing the stability of the star architecture.1. A smart refrigerator-based networking and control method for a smart refrigerator, comprising:
obtaining device information of the smart refrigerator; receiving device information and network access request sent by a device to be connected to a network through a Bluetooth assembly; bundling device information of the device to be connected to the network and device information of the smart refrigerator, and generating bundling information; and sending device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information to a server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information. 2. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 1, wherein before receiving device information and network access request sent by the device to be connected to the network through the Bluetooth assembly, further comprising:
turning on the Bluetooth assembly of the smart refrigerator to connect to the Bluetooth assembly of the device to be connected to the network; and confirming that the smart refrigerator is a Bluetooth master device connected by Bluetooth. 3. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 2, wherein after obtaining device information of the smart refrigerator, before turning on the Bluetooth assembly of the smart refrigerator to connect to the Bluetooth assembly of the device to be connected to the network, further comprising:
receiving ID information of a registration terminal; and sending ID information of the registration terminal and device information of the smart refrigerator to the server, to bundle the registration terminal and the smart refrigerator. 4. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 3, wherein after sending ID information of the registration terminal and device information of the smart refrigerator to the server, to bundle the registration terminal and the smart refrigerator, further comprising:
determining whether a return data of the server is received; if the return data of the server is received, receiving the device information and the network access request sent by the device to be connected to the network through the Bluetooth assembly; and if the return data of the server is not received, resending ID information of the registration terminal and the device information of the smart refrigerator to the server. 5. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control method according to claim 4, wherein after sending device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and bundling information to the server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information, further comprising:
receiving a control instruction of the registration terminal to control the device to be connected to the network according to the control instruction. 6. A smart refrigerator-based networking and control system for the smart refrigerator, comprising:
an obtaining unit used to obtain device information of the smart refrigerator; a first receiving unit used to receive device information and network access request sent by a device to be connected to the network through a Bluetooth assembly; a bundling unit used to bundle device information of the device to be connected to the network and device information of the smart refrigerator, and generate bundling information; and a first sending unit used to send device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information to a server, so the server responds to the network access request according to device information of the device to be connected to the network, device information of the smart refrigerator, and the bundling information. 7. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 6, further comprising:
an enabling unit used to turn on the Bluetooth assembly of the smart refrigerator to connect to the Bluetooth assembly of the device to be connected to the network; and a confirming unit used to confirm that the smart refrigerator is a Bluetooth master device connected by Bluetooth. 8. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a second receiving unit used to receive ID information of a registration terminal; and a second sending unit used to send ID information of the registration terminal and device information of the smart refrigerator to the server, to bundle the registration terminal and the smart refrigerator. 9. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 8, further comprising:
a judgment unit used to determine whether a return data of the server is received; the first receiving unit is specifically used to receive the device information and the network access request sent by the device to be connected to the network through the Bluetooth assembly if the return data of the server is received; and the second sending unit is further used to resend ID information of the registration terminal and the device information of the smart refrigerator to the server if the return data of the server is not received. 10. The smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 9, further comprising:
a control unit used to receive a control instruction of the registration terminal to control the device to be connected to the network according to the control instruction. 11. A smart refrigerator, comprising the smart refrigerator-based networking and control system according to claim 6. | 1,600 |
343,134 | 16,642,872 | 1,655 | A differential assembly includes a differential. The differential includes a differential housing configured for rotation. The shifting assembly includes a first portion that is mounted to the differential and a second portion that is mounted to an output shaft. | 1. A differential assembly, comprising:
a differential which includes a differential housing configured for rotation; and a shifting assembly which includes a first portion that is mounted to the differential and a second portion that is mounted to an output shaft. 2. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the shift assembly comprises a first driven gear, which is disposed about an outer surface of the differential housing, and a second driven gear, which is disposed about the outer surface of the differential housing, wherein the first driven gear and the second driven gear are selectively engaged with the differential housing. 3. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the shift assembly comprises a first active gear, which is coupled to the output shaft, and a second active gear, which is coupled to the output shaft. 4. The differential assembly of claim 1, further comprising a movable shifting collar disposed around the differential housing, the shifting collar is engaged with one of a first driven gear and a second driven gear. 5. The differential assembly of claim 1, further comprising a movable shifting collar disposed around the differential housing, wherein the shifting collar is not engaged with a first driven gear or a second driven gear. 6. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the differential further includes a gear assembly that comprises a shaft, which extends into the differential housing, the shaft being coupled to a pair of gears that engage a pair of side gears, the gear assembly and side gears being mounted within and connected to the differential housing. 7. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the shifting assembly is engaged with the second portion of the shifting assembly. 8. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the differential assembly is operable in a first speed state and a second speed state. 9. The differential assembly of claim 2, wherein the first driven gear is engaged with a first active gear coupled to the output shaft and the second driven gear is engaged with a second active gear coupled to the output shaft. 10. The differential assembly of claim 2, wherein the first driven gear and the second driven gear are each a spur gear. 11. The differential assembly of claim 3, wherein the differential housing has an axis of rotation and the output shaft has an axis of rotation that is in a parallel relationship with the axis of rotation of the differential assembly. 12. The differential assembly of claim 3, wherein the first active gear and the second active gear are each a spur gear. 13. The differential assembly of claim 4, wherein the first driven gear and the second driven gear each have meshing teeth and the shifting collar is engaged with one of the first driven gear and the second driven gear via the meshing teeth. 14. The differential assembly of claim 4, wherein the shifting collar is configured to slide over the differential housing to engage the first driven gear or the second driven gear. 15. The differential assembly of claim 4, further comprising a fork that is coupled to the shifting collar and moves the shifting collar into engagement with the first driven gear or the second driven gear. 16. The differential assembly of claim 9, wherein the first driven gear, the first active gear, the second driven gear, and the second active gear are each of a cylindrical shape. | A differential assembly includes a differential. The differential includes a differential housing configured for rotation. The shifting assembly includes a first portion that is mounted to the differential and a second portion that is mounted to an output shaft.1. A differential assembly, comprising:
a differential which includes a differential housing configured for rotation; and a shifting assembly which includes a first portion that is mounted to the differential and a second portion that is mounted to an output shaft. 2. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the shift assembly comprises a first driven gear, which is disposed about an outer surface of the differential housing, and a second driven gear, which is disposed about the outer surface of the differential housing, wherein the first driven gear and the second driven gear are selectively engaged with the differential housing. 3. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the shift assembly comprises a first active gear, which is coupled to the output shaft, and a second active gear, which is coupled to the output shaft. 4. The differential assembly of claim 1, further comprising a movable shifting collar disposed around the differential housing, the shifting collar is engaged with one of a first driven gear and a second driven gear. 5. The differential assembly of claim 1, further comprising a movable shifting collar disposed around the differential housing, wherein the shifting collar is not engaged with a first driven gear or a second driven gear. 6. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the differential further includes a gear assembly that comprises a shaft, which extends into the differential housing, the shaft being coupled to a pair of gears that engage a pair of side gears, the gear assembly and side gears being mounted within and connected to the differential housing. 7. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the shifting assembly is engaged with the second portion of the shifting assembly. 8. The differential assembly of claim 1, wherein the differential assembly is operable in a first speed state and a second speed state. 9. The differential assembly of claim 2, wherein the first driven gear is engaged with a first active gear coupled to the output shaft and the second driven gear is engaged with a second active gear coupled to the output shaft. 10. The differential assembly of claim 2, wherein the first driven gear and the second driven gear are each a spur gear. 11. The differential assembly of claim 3, wherein the differential housing has an axis of rotation and the output shaft has an axis of rotation that is in a parallel relationship with the axis of rotation of the differential assembly. 12. The differential assembly of claim 3, wherein the first active gear and the second active gear are each a spur gear. 13. The differential assembly of claim 4, wherein the first driven gear and the second driven gear each have meshing teeth and the shifting collar is engaged with one of the first driven gear and the second driven gear via the meshing teeth. 14. The differential assembly of claim 4, wherein the shifting collar is configured to slide over the differential housing to engage the first driven gear or the second driven gear. 15. The differential assembly of claim 4, further comprising a fork that is coupled to the shifting collar and moves the shifting collar into engagement with the first driven gear or the second driven gear. 16. The differential assembly of claim 9, wherein the first driven gear, the first active gear, the second driven gear, and the second active gear are each of a cylindrical shape. | 1,600 |
343,135 | 16,642,895 | 3,641 | A firearm stabilizing device includes a base that is attached or attachable to a garment. The base includes an array of one or more magnets, at least one of the magnets of the array being an attractive magnet configured to cause a firearm magnet that is incorporated into a stock of the firearm to adhere to the base when brought into magnetic range of the attractive magnet. A tether connection structure is configured to enable mechanical suspension of the firearm from the base when the attractive magnet does not cause the firearm magnet to adhere to the base. | 1. A firearm stabilizing device comprising:
a base attached or attachable to a garment, the base including an array of one or more magnets, at least one of the magnets of the array being an attractive magnet configured to cause a firearm magnet that is incorporated into a stock of the firearm to adhere to the base when brought into magnetic range of the attractive magnet; and a tether connection structure configured to enable mechanical suspension of the firearm from the base when the attractive magnet does not cause the firearm magnet to adhere to the base. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the base is attached or attachable to the garment such that, when the garment is worn by a user, the base is located substantially at the shoulder pocket of the user. 3. The device of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the base includes a receptacle for holding one or more of the array of magnets. 4. The device of any of claims claim 1, wherein the attractive magnet is in the form of a rectangular box, the largest faces of the magnet being pole faces. 5. The device of any of claims claim 1, wherein the array of magnets further comprises a repulsive magnet that is configured to be placed into the receptacle such that the firearm magnet is repelled by repulsive magnet. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the repulsive magnet is in the form of an elongated rectangular box with square transverse cross section. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises an attachment structure that is attached to the base and is configured to attach the base to a garment. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure includes a strap. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein distal ends of the strap comprise hook-and-loop fasteners. 10. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure comprises a loop. 11. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure comprises a clip. 12. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure is configured to attach the base to the garment such that, when the garment is worn by a user, the base is located at a shoulder pocket of the user. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the tether connection structure comprises a loop or a clip. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises a patch. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the patch comprises a layer of cloth. 16. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tether of adjustable length whose proximal end is connectable to the tether connection structure and whose distal end is connectable to the firearm. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the tether comprises a proximal section that includes a strap that is connectable to the tether connection structure and a detachable distal section that is configured to attach to the firearm. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein each of the proximal section and the distal section includes a component of a side release buckle for attaching the distal section to the proximal section. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the tether comprises at least one slider for adjusting the length. 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the tether connection structure is located at a bottom edge of the base when the base is attached to a garment that is being worn by a user. | A firearm stabilizing device includes a base that is attached or attachable to a garment. The base includes an array of one or more magnets, at least one of the magnets of the array being an attractive magnet configured to cause a firearm magnet that is incorporated into a stock of the firearm to adhere to the base when brought into magnetic range of the attractive magnet. A tether connection structure is configured to enable mechanical suspension of the firearm from the base when the attractive magnet does not cause the firearm magnet to adhere to the base.1. A firearm stabilizing device comprising:
a base attached or attachable to a garment, the base including an array of one or more magnets, at least one of the magnets of the array being an attractive magnet configured to cause a firearm magnet that is incorporated into a stock of the firearm to adhere to the base when brought into magnetic range of the attractive magnet; and a tether connection structure configured to enable mechanical suspension of the firearm from the base when the attractive magnet does not cause the firearm magnet to adhere to the base. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the base is attached or attachable to the garment such that, when the garment is worn by a user, the base is located substantially at the shoulder pocket of the user. 3. The device of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the base includes a receptacle for holding one or more of the array of magnets. 4. The device of any of claims claim 1, wherein the attractive magnet is in the form of a rectangular box, the largest faces of the magnet being pole faces. 5. The device of any of claims claim 1, wherein the array of magnets further comprises a repulsive magnet that is configured to be placed into the receptacle such that the firearm magnet is repelled by repulsive magnet. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the repulsive magnet is in the form of an elongated rectangular box with square transverse cross section. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises an attachment structure that is attached to the base and is configured to attach the base to a garment. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure includes a strap. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein distal ends of the strap comprise hook-and-loop fasteners. 10. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure comprises a loop. 11. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure comprises a clip. 12. The device of claim 7, wherein the attachment structure is configured to attach the base to the garment such that, when the garment is worn by a user, the base is located at a shoulder pocket of the user. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the tether connection structure comprises a loop or a clip. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises a patch. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the patch comprises a layer of cloth. 16. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tether of adjustable length whose proximal end is connectable to the tether connection structure and whose distal end is connectable to the firearm. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the tether comprises a proximal section that includes a strap that is connectable to the tether connection structure and a detachable distal section that is configured to attach to the firearm. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein each of the proximal section and the distal section includes a component of a side release buckle for attaching the distal section to the proximal section. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the tether comprises at least one slider for adjusting the length. 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the tether connection structure is located at a bottom edge of the base when the base is attached to a garment that is being worn by a user. | 3,600 |
343,136 | 16,642,825 | 3,641 | A resist composition including a resin component (A1) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resin component (A1) including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below (wherein Ya01 and Ya02 each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of Ya01 and Ya02 is 3 or less; Ra01 and Ra02 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of Ra01 and Ra02 is 2 to 6; A′ represents an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms). | 1. A resist composition which generates acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resist composition comprising:
a resin component (A1) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resin component (A1) including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below: 2. A method of forming a resist pattern, comprising:
using a resist composition of claim 1 to form a resist film, exposing the resist film, and developing the exposed resist film using a developing solution containing an organic solvent to form a resist pattern. 3. A polymeric compound comprising a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below: 4. A compound represented by general formula (m-a0) shown below: 5. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the structural unit (a0) is represented by general formula (a0-11) shown below: 6. The polymeric compound according to claim 3, wherein the structural unit (a0) is represented by general formula (a0-11) shown below: 7. The compound according to claim 4, which is represented by general formula (m-a0-1) shown below: | A resist composition including a resin component (A1) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resin component (A1) including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below (wherein Ya01 and Ya02 each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of Ya01 and Ya02 is 3 or less; Ra01 and Ra02 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of Ra01 and Ra02 is 2 to 6; A′ represents an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms).1. A resist composition which generates acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resist composition comprising:
a resin component (A1) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resin component (A1) including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below: 2. A method of forming a resist pattern, comprising:
using a resist composition of claim 1 to form a resist film, exposing the resist film, and developing the exposed resist film using a developing solution containing an organic solvent to form a resist pattern. 3. A polymeric compound comprising a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below: 4. A compound represented by general formula (m-a0) shown below: 5. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the structural unit (a0) is represented by general formula (a0-11) shown below: 6. The polymeric compound according to claim 3, wherein the structural unit (a0) is represented by general formula (a0-11) shown below: 7. The compound according to claim 4, which is represented by general formula (m-a0-1) shown below: | 3,600 |
343,137 | 16,642,889 | 3,641 | The invention relates to a steer-by-wire system, that includes a steering mechanism, a sensor for detecting a driver request, a steering control device, power electronics, an electric servomotor, a steering rack that can be moved by the servomotor and an actor for generating a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a steering rack position, wherein the steering control unit is configured in such a way so as to subtract, based on the feedback torque (MFF), at least a portion from a driver request determined based on sensor data, and a method for operating a steer-by-wire system. | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A steer-by-wire system, comprising:
a steering mechanism; a sensor for detecting a steering request; a steering rack, configured to be moved by a servomotor; and an actor for generating a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a changeable steering rack position, a steering control unit for determining a hand torque and the generated feedback torque, wherein the steering control unit is configured to subtract at least a portion of feedback torque (MFF) from the hand torque (MH) from the steering request to reduce haptic feedback on the steering mechanism. 9. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 8, wherein the subtraction occurs before or after a driver assistance function. 10. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 8, wherein the steering control unit is configured to detect requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 11. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 10, wherein the requirements (FAS) are configured to change a steering angle. 12. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 11, wherein changes (φFAS) to the steering rack position due to requirements (FAS) are subtracted for the determination of the feedback torque (MFF). 13. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 8, wherein the steering control unit is configured to detect requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 14. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 13, wherein the requirements (FAS) comprise a reset torque (MFAS) that is subtracted from the hand torque (MH) by the steering control unit. 15. A method of operating a steer-by-wire system, comprising:
detecting, via a sensor, a steering request at a steering mechanism; generating, via an actor, a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a changeable steering rack position; determining, via a steering control unit, a hand torque and the generated feedback torque, (MFF); and subtracting, via the steering control unit, at least a portion of feedback torque (MFF) from the hand torque (MH) from the steering request to reduce haptic feedback on the steering mechanism. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the subtraction occurs before or after a driver assistance function. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the requirements (FAS) are configured to change a steering angle. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein changes (φFAS) to the steering rack position due to requirements (FAS) are subtracted for the determination of the feedback torque (MFF). 20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the requirements (FAS) comprise a reset torque (MFAS) that is subtracted from the hand torque (MH) by the steering control unit. 22. A method of operating a steer-by-wire system, comprising:
detecting, via a sensor, a steering request at a steering mechanism of a driver-assisted system; generating, via an actor, a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a changeable steering rack position; and determining, via a steering control unit, a hand torque and the generated feedback torque, (MFF); subtracting, via the steering control unit, at least a portion of feedback torque (MFF) from the hand torque (MH) from the steering request to reduce haptic feedback on the steering mechanism. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the subtraction occurs before or after a driver assistance function. 24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system, and wherein the requirements (FAS) are configured to change a steering angle. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein changes (φFAS) to the steering rack position due to requirements (FAS) are subtracted for the determination of the feedback torque (MFF). 26. The method according to claim 22, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the requirements (FAS) comprise a reset torque (MFAS) that is subtracted from the hand torque (MH) by the steering control unit. | The invention relates to a steer-by-wire system, that includes a steering mechanism, a sensor for detecting a driver request, a steering control device, power electronics, an electric servomotor, a steering rack that can be moved by the servomotor and an actor for generating a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a steering rack position, wherein the steering control unit is configured in such a way so as to subtract, based on the feedback torque (MFF), at least a portion from a driver request determined based on sensor data, and a method for operating a steer-by-wire system.1-7. (canceled) 8. A steer-by-wire system, comprising:
a steering mechanism; a sensor for detecting a steering request; a steering rack, configured to be moved by a servomotor; and an actor for generating a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a changeable steering rack position, a steering control unit for determining a hand torque and the generated feedback torque, wherein the steering control unit is configured to subtract at least a portion of feedback torque (MFF) from the hand torque (MH) from the steering request to reduce haptic feedback on the steering mechanism. 9. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 8, wherein the subtraction occurs before or after a driver assistance function. 10. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 8, wherein the steering control unit is configured to detect requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 11. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 10, wherein the requirements (FAS) are configured to change a steering angle. 12. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 11, wherein changes (φFAS) to the steering rack position due to requirements (FAS) are subtracted for the determination of the feedback torque (MFF). 13. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 8, wherein the steering control unit is configured to detect requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 14. The steer-by-wire system according to claim 13, wherein the requirements (FAS) comprise a reset torque (MFAS) that is subtracted from the hand torque (MH) by the steering control unit. 15. A method of operating a steer-by-wire system, comprising:
detecting, via a sensor, a steering request at a steering mechanism; generating, via an actor, a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a changeable steering rack position; determining, via a steering control unit, a hand torque and the generated feedback torque, (MFF); and subtracting, via the steering control unit, at least a portion of feedback torque (MFF) from the hand torque (MH) from the steering request to reduce haptic feedback on the steering mechanism. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the subtraction occurs before or after a driver assistance function. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the requirements (FAS) are configured to change a steering angle. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein changes (φFAS) to the steering rack position due to requirements (FAS) are subtracted for the determination of the feedback torque (MFF). 20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the requirements (FAS) comprise a reset torque (MFAS) that is subtracted from the hand torque (MH) by the steering control unit. 22. A method of operating a steer-by-wire system, comprising:
detecting, via a sensor, a steering request at a steering mechanism of a driver-assisted system; generating, via an actor, a feedback torque (MFF) at the steering mechanism as a function of a changeable steering rack position; and determining, via a steering control unit, a hand torque and the generated feedback torque, (MFF); subtracting, via the steering control unit, at least a portion of feedback torque (MFF) from the hand torque (MH) from the steering request to reduce haptic feedback on the steering mechanism. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the subtraction occurs before or after a driver assistance function. 24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system, and wherein the requirements (FAS) are configured to change a steering angle. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein changes (φFAS) to the steering rack position due to requirements (FAS) are subtracted for the determination of the feedback torque (MFF). 26. The method according to claim 22, further comprising detecting, via the steering control unit, requirements (FAS) by a driver assistant system. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the requirements (FAS) comprise a reset torque (MFAS) that is subtracted from the hand torque (MH) by the steering control unit. | 3,600 |
343,138 | 16,802,568 | 3,793 | A meta-material is disclosed that includes a first layer composed of graphene, and one or more additional layers, each composed of glassy carbon or graphene. A method of producing an engineered material includes depositing a graphene precursor on a substrate, pyrolyzing the graphene precursor to allow the formation of graphene, depositing a glassy carbon precursor the graphene, pyrolyzing to allow the formation of glassy carbon from the glassy carbon precursor, depositing a graphene precursor on the glassy carbon, and pyrolyzing the graphene precursor to allow the formation of graphene. | 1. An engineered material comprising:
a first layer comprising graphene; a second layer comprising glassy carbon; a third layer comprising glassy carbon; a fourth layer comprising graphene; and a fifth layer comprising polyimide. 2. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the first layer is a top layer applied on the second layer. 3. The engineered material of claim 2, wherein the second layer is applied on the third layer. 4. The engineered material of claim 3, wherein the third layer is applied on the fourth layer. 5. The engineered material of claim 3, wherein the fourth layer is applied on the fifth layer. 6. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of glassy carbon layers. 7. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the third layer comprises a plurality of glassy carbon layers. 8. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the engineered material is configured as one or more electrodes of an energy storage device. 9. The engineered material of claim 8, wherein the energy storage device comprises a capacitor and/or super-capacitor. 10. The engineered material of claim 8, wherein the one or more electrodes are in contact with an electrolyte. 11. The engineered material of claim 9, wherein the first layer comprising graphene of the one or more electrodes is in contact with the electrolyte. 12. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the first layer comprising graphene is chemically bonded with the second layer comprising glassy carbon, and wherein the third layer comprising glassy carbon is chemically bonded with the fourth layer comprising graphene. 13. An engineered material comprising:
a first layer comprising graphene; a second layer comprising glassy carbon; and a third layer comprising a silicon substrate. 14. The engineered material of claim 13 wherein the first layer is a top layer applied on the second layer. 15. The engineered material of claim 13 wherein the second layer is applied on the third layer. 16. A method for fabricating an engineered material comprising graphene and glassy carbon, the method comprising:
depositing a first metal layer on a silicon wafer; depositing a first graphene precursor on the first metal layer; pyrolyzing the first graphene precursor layer to allow the formation of a first graphene layer; depositing a glassy carbon precursor layer on the first graphene layer; pyrolyzing the glassy carbon precursor layer to allow the formation of a glassy carbon layer; and etching to remove the first metal layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method yields the engineered material comprising at least one layer composed of graphene and at least one layer composed of glassy carbon. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
depositing a second metal layer on the glassy carbon layer; depositing a second graphene precursor layer on the second metal layer; and pyrolyzing to allow the formation of a second graphene layer. | A meta-material is disclosed that includes a first layer composed of graphene, and one or more additional layers, each composed of glassy carbon or graphene. A method of producing an engineered material includes depositing a graphene precursor on a substrate, pyrolyzing the graphene precursor to allow the formation of graphene, depositing a glassy carbon precursor the graphene, pyrolyzing to allow the formation of glassy carbon from the glassy carbon precursor, depositing a graphene precursor on the glassy carbon, and pyrolyzing the graphene precursor to allow the formation of graphene.1. An engineered material comprising:
a first layer comprising graphene; a second layer comprising glassy carbon; a third layer comprising glassy carbon; a fourth layer comprising graphene; and a fifth layer comprising polyimide. 2. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the first layer is a top layer applied on the second layer. 3. The engineered material of claim 2, wherein the second layer is applied on the third layer. 4. The engineered material of claim 3, wherein the third layer is applied on the fourth layer. 5. The engineered material of claim 3, wherein the fourth layer is applied on the fifth layer. 6. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of glassy carbon layers. 7. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the third layer comprises a plurality of glassy carbon layers. 8. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the engineered material is configured as one or more electrodes of an energy storage device. 9. The engineered material of claim 8, wherein the energy storage device comprises a capacitor and/or super-capacitor. 10. The engineered material of claim 8, wherein the one or more electrodes are in contact with an electrolyte. 11. The engineered material of claim 9, wherein the first layer comprising graphene of the one or more electrodes is in contact with the electrolyte. 12. The engineered material of claim 1, wherein the first layer comprising graphene is chemically bonded with the second layer comprising glassy carbon, and wherein the third layer comprising glassy carbon is chemically bonded with the fourth layer comprising graphene. 13. An engineered material comprising:
a first layer comprising graphene; a second layer comprising glassy carbon; and a third layer comprising a silicon substrate. 14. The engineered material of claim 13 wherein the first layer is a top layer applied on the second layer. 15. The engineered material of claim 13 wherein the second layer is applied on the third layer. 16. A method for fabricating an engineered material comprising graphene and glassy carbon, the method comprising:
depositing a first metal layer on a silicon wafer; depositing a first graphene precursor on the first metal layer; pyrolyzing the first graphene precursor layer to allow the formation of a first graphene layer; depositing a glassy carbon precursor layer on the first graphene layer; pyrolyzing the glassy carbon precursor layer to allow the formation of a glassy carbon layer; and etching to remove the first metal layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method yields the engineered material comprising at least one layer composed of graphene and at least one layer composed of glassy carbon. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
depositing a second metal layer on the glassy carbon layer; depositing a second graphene precursor layer on the second metal layer; and pyrolyzing to allow the formation of a second graphene layer. | 3,700 |
343,139 | 16,642,878 | 3,793 | Provided is a thermoelectric material having an intermetallic compound in an Al—Fe—Si system as a main component, exhibiting a thermoelectric effect in a temperature range from a room temperature to 600° C., and becoming a p-type or n-type thermoelectric material by a composition control, a manufacturing method thereof, and a thermoelectric power generation module thereof. A thermoelectric material according to the present invention including at least Al, Fe, and Si and represented by a general formula of Al22+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 0≤p≤16.5 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34) and including a phase represented by Al2Fe3Si3 as a main phase. | 1. A thermoelectric material comprising an intermetallic compound comprising at least Al, Fe, and Si,
wherein the intermetallic compound is represented by a general formula of Al12+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 0≤p≤16.5 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34) and the intermetallic compound comprises a phase represented by Al2Fe3Si3 as a main phase. 2. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein p satisfies 0≤p<10 and an n-type is exhibited in a temperature range from a room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 3. The thermoelectric material according to claim 2, wherein p satisfies 8≤p≤9 and the n-type is exhibited in a temperature range from the room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 4. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein p satisfies 10≤p≤16.5 and a p-type is exhibited in a temperature range from a room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 5. The thermoelectric material according to claim 4, wherein p satisfies 11≤p≤12 and a p-type is exhibited in a temperature range from a room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 6. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic compound comprises at least 70 wt % of the phase represented by Al2Fe3Si3. 7. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic compound further comprises a phase represented by ε-FeSi. 8. The thermoelectric material according to claim 7, wherein the intermetallic compound comprises a phase represented by ε-FeSi in a range of at least 0.5 wt % and less than 10 wt %. 9. A method of manufacturing a thermoelectric material, comprising the steps of:
mixing a raw material comprising Al, a raw material comprising Fe, and a raw material comprising Si such that a general formula of Al23.5+xFe36.5+ySi40−x−y (where x and y satisfy −7.25<x<12 and −0.5≤y≤1.5, respectively) is satisfied; and melting a mixture obtained in the mixing step and causing a reaction. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein x satisfies −7.25<x<3 in the mixing step. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein x satisfies 1.5≤x≤2.5 in the mixing step. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein x satisfies 3≤x<12 in the mixing step. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein x satisfies 3.5≤x≤4 in the mixing step. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein the mixture is heated in an inert atmosphere in a temperature range of at least 1500° C. and not exceeding 2200° C. in the step of melting and causing the reaction. 15. The method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of sintering a reaction product obtained in the step of melting and causing the reaction. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the sintering step comprises the step of pulverizing the reaction product and pulse electric sintering the reaction product. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the step of sintering is performed in a pressure range of at least 10 MPa and not exceeding 200 MPa in a temperature range of at least 800° C. and not exceeding 1000° C. 18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of molding a sintered body obtained in the step of sintering. 19. A thermoelectric power generation module comprising an n-type thermoelectric material and a p-type thermoelectric material alternately connected in series, wherein at least one of the n-type thermoelectric material and the p-type thermoelectric material is a thermoelectric material as defined in claim 1. 20. The thermoelectric power generation module according to claim 19,
wherein the n-type thermoelectric material is represented by a general formula of Al12+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 0≤p<10 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34), wherein the p-type thermoelectric material is represented by a general formula of Al12+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 10≤p<16.5 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34). | Provided is a thermoelectric material having an intermetallic compound in an Al—Fe—Si system as a main component, exhibiting a thermoelectric effect in a temperature range from a room temperature to 600° C., and becoming a p-type or n-type thermoelectric material by a composition control, a manufacturing method thereof, and a thermoelectric power generation module thereof. A thermoelectric material according to the present invention including at least Al, Fe, and Si and represented by a general formula of Al22+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 0≤p≤16.5 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34) and including a phase represented by Al2Fe3Si3 as a main phase.1. A thermoelectric material comprising an intermetallic compound comprising at least Al, Fe, and Si,
wherein the intermetallic compound is represented by a general formula of Al12+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 0≤p≤16.5 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34) and the intermetallic compound comprises a phase represented by Al2Fe3Si3 as a main phase. 2. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein p satisfies 0≤p<10 and an n-type is exhibited in a temperature range from a room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 3. The thermoelectric material according to claim 2, wherein p satisfies 8≤p≤9 and the n-type is exhibited in a temperature range from the room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 4. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein p satisfies 10≤p≤16.5 and a p-type is exhibited in a temperature range from a room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 5. The thermoelectric material according to claim 4, wherein p satisfies 11≤p≤12 and a p-type is exhibited in a temperature range from a room temperature to not exceeding 600° C. 6. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic compound comprises at least 70 wt % of the phase represented by Al2Fe3Si3. 7. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic compound further comprises a phase represented by ε-FeSi. 8. The thermoelectric material according to claim 7, wherein the intermetallic compound comprises a phase represented by ε-FeSi in a range of at least 0.5 wt % and less than 10 wt %. 9. A method of manufacturing a thermoelectric material, comprising the steps of:
mixing a raw material comprising Al, a raw material comprising Fe, and a raw material comprising Si such that a general formula of Al23.5+xFe36.5+ySi40−x−y (where x and y satisfy −7.25<x<12 and −0.5≤y≤1.5, respectively) is satisfied; and melting a mixture obtained in the mixing step and causing a reaction. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein x satisfies −7.25<x<3 in the mixing step. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein x satisfies 1.5≤x≤2.5 in the mixing step. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein x satisfies 3≤x<12 in the mixing step. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein x satisfies 3.5≤x≤4 in the mixing step. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein the mixture is heated in an inert atmosphere in a temperature range of at least 1500° C. and not exceeding 2200° C. in the step of melting and causing the reaction. 15. The method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of sintering a reaction product obtained in the step of melting and causing the reaction. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the sintering step comprises the step of pulverizing the reaction product and pulse electric sintering the reaction product. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the step of sintering is performed in a pressure range of at least 10 MPa and not exceeding 200 MPa in a temperature range of at least 800° C. and not exceeding 1000° C. 18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of molding a sintered body obtained in the step of sintering. 19. A thermoelectric power generation module comprising an n-type thermoelectric material and a p-type thermoelectric material alternately connected in series, wherein at least one of the n-type thermoelectric material and the p-type thermoelectric material is a thermoelectric material as defined in claim 1. 20. The thermoelectric power generation module according to claim 19,
wherein the n-type thermoelectric material is represented by a general formula of Al12+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 0≤p<10 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34), wherein the p-type thermoelectric material is represented by a general formula of Al12+p−qFe38.5+3qSi49.5−p−2q (where p satisfies 10≤p<16.5 and q satisfies −0.34≤q≤0.34). | 3,700 |
343,140 | 16,642,844 | 3,793 | In an electric motor, three-phase coils are provided to an armature disposed between an outside field system and an inside field system, and Halbach arrays are employed in the outside field system and the inside field system. Each of the Halbach arrays is divided by a number of divisions that is any number computed by adding two to a multiple of three. Permanent magnets are arrayed such that their magnetization directions are changed in sequence by steps of an angle computed by dividing one cycle's worth of electric angle by the number of divisions. Torque ripple is thereby suppressed in the electric motor. | 1. An electromagnetic device comprising:
an armature provided with three-phase coils; and a field system including a plurality of permanent magnets arrayed in a prescribed direction such that their magnetization directions are changed in sequence, by steps of an angle computed by dividing one cycle's worth of electric angle of current in the coils by a number of divisions, the number of divisions being any integer greater than or equal to three, a rotor provided with the field system in which the plurality of permanent magnets are arrayed in a circumferential direction of the rotor; and a stator in which the rotor is disposed relatively rotatable at an interior or an exterior of a cylindrical shape formed from a magnetic material, and the three-phase coils being respectively provided along a circumferential direction on a rotor side peripheral face of the stator, wherein a stator side peripheral face of the field system is disposed at a position in which change in flux density of a magnetic flux between the field system of the rotor and the stator along a circumferential direction is a sinusoidal waveform 2. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein the coils are air-core coils. 3. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, the number of divisions is any number computed by adding two to a multiple of three. 4. The electromagnetic device of claim 3, wherein in the field system, an outside field system and an inside field system each having a cylindrical shape arc formed from the pair of permanent magnet arrays; and the coils have concentrated windings. 5. (canceled) 6. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein a gap length G between the stator side peripheral face of the field system and the field system side peripheral face of the stator is smaller than a pole pitch τ of the field system. 7. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein. in a fan shaped cross-section of the permanent magnets forming the field system, a mean value of a radial direction outside circular arc length and a radial direction inside circular arc length is smaller than a difference between a radial direction outside circular arc radius and a radial direction inside circular arc radius. 8. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein the windings of the coils are made from Litz wire. | In an electric motor, three-phase coils are provided to an armature disposed between an outside field system and an inside field system, and Halbach arrays are employed in the outside field system and the inside field system. Each of the Halbach arrays is divided by a number of divisions that is any number computed by adding two to a multiple of three. Permanent magnets are arrayed such that their magnetization directions are changed in sequence by steps of an angle computed by dividing one cycle's worth of electric angle by the number of divisions. Torque ripple is thereby suppressed in the electric motor.1. An electromagnetic device comprising:
an armature provided with three-phase coils; and a field system including a plurality of permanent magnets arrayed in a prescribed direction such that their magnetization directions are changed in sequence, by steps of an angle computed by dividing one cycle's worth of electric angle of current in the coils by a number of divisions, the number of divisions being any integer greater than or equal to three, a rotor provided with the field system in which the plurality of permanent magnets are arrayed in a circumferential direction of the rotor; and a stator in which the rotor is disposed relatively rotatable at an interior or an exterior of a cylindrical shape formed from a magnetic material, and the three-phase coils being respectively provided along a circumferential direction on a rotor side peripheral face of the stator, wherein a stator side peripheral face of the field system is disposed at a position in which change in flux density of a magnetic flux between the field system of the rotor and the stator along a circumferential direction is a sinusoidal waveform 2. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein the coils are air-core coils. 3. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, the number of divisions is any number computed by adding two to a multiple of three. 4. The electromagnetic device of claim 3, wherein in the field system, an outside field system and an inside field system each having a cylindrical shape arc formed from the pair of permanent magnet arrays; and the coils have concentrated windings. 5. (canceled) 6. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein a gap length G between the stator side peripheral face of the field system and the field system side peripheral face of the stator is smaller than a pole pitch τ of the field system. 7. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein. in a fan shaped cross-section of the permanent magnets forming the field system, a mean value of a radial direction outside circular arc length and a radial direction inside circular arc length is smaller than a difference between a radial direction outside circular arc radius and a radial direction inside circular arc radius. 8. The electromagnetic device of claim 1, wherein the windings of the coils are made from Litz wire. | 3,700 |
343,141 | 16,642,862 | 3,793 | A sensor surveillance system (100) and a method for determining possible geographic positions of at least one assumed undetected target (1 a-n) within a geographic volume of interest (200) is provided, wherein for a first point in time ti the following steps are performed: dividing the geographic volume of interest (200) into sections (10); assuming the existence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at a geographic position within each section (10); and initiating the creation of a pattern (2) defining at least one possible geographic position of the assumed undetected target, said pattern extends at least partially around the geographic position of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); wherein the geographic extension of said pattern is determined based on: the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); and the amount of time that has passed from the first point in time t1. Further, for a second point in time t2 the following steps are performed: determining geographic locations (205) within said geographic volume of interest (200) from where sensor signals show absence of targets; and removing the pattern (2) from the geographic locations (205) from where sensor signals show absence of targets. | 1. A method for determining possible geographic positions of at least one assumed undetected target (1 a-n) within a geographic volume of interest (200), wherein for a first point in time t1 the following steps are performed:
dividing the geographic volume of interest (200) into sections (10); assuming the existence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at a geographic position (p1a-1d) within each section (10); and initiating the creation of a pattern (2) defining at least one possible geographic position of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n), said pattern (2) extends at least partially around the geographic position (p1a-1d) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); wherein the geographic extension of said pattern (2) is determined based on:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); and
the amount of time that has passed from the first point in time t1;
wherein, for a second point in time t2 the following steps are performed:
determining geographic locations (205) within said geographic volume of interest (200) from where sensor signals show absence of targets; and
removing the pattern (2) from the geographic locations (205) from where sensor signals show absence of targets. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recited steps are performed repeatedly, and for each further first point in time tip subsequent the first point in time t1, new sections (10) are only assumed along the border of the geographic volume of interest (200). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, at each point in time subsequent the first point in time t1, the following steps are performed:
comparing the properties of each pattern (2); and merging the parts of the patterns (2) for which the comparison fulfils a predetermined criteria. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a separate pattern (2) is created for each category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein blind spots (205) within the geographic volume of interest (200) are determined based on the pattern (2). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geographic extension of said pattern (2) is further based on: the characteristics of the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at each point in time. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is one of the following: human; land borne vehicle; waterborne vehicle; or airborne vehicle. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor (300 a-n) of a sensor surveillance system (100) is controlled based on the pattern (2 a-n). 9. The method according to claim 8 wherein at least one sensor (300 a-n) of the sensor surveillance system (100), is controlled to scan a certain geographic volume, at least at said geographic positions where a pattern (2) of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is present. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following step: calculating a probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) at each point in time. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for the at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) is based on at least one of:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) where the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is assumed to be situated at each point in time t1, t1i; or the ability of the sensor (300 a-n) in the sensor surveillance system scanning a certain geographic volume to detect an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) in said geographic volume. 12. The method according to a claim 11 wherein at least one sensor (300 a-n) of a sensor surveillance system (100) is controlled based on the calculated probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n, 1 a i-n i) associated with each part of the pattern (2). 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geographic positions of a pattern (2 a-n, 2 a i-n i) for an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) are related to a grid. 14. A sensor surveillance system (100) configured for determining possible geographic positions of at least one assumed undetected target (1 a-n) within a geographic volume of interest (200), the system comprising:
a central control unit (250); and at least one sensor (300 a-n) arranged to scan and detect targets in a certain geographic volume within the geographic volume of interest (200), wherein said central control unit (250) is arranged to at a first point in time t1 perform the following steps:
dividing the geographic volume of interest (200) into sections (10);
assuming the existence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at a geographic position (p1a-1d) within each section (10); and
initiating the creation of a pattern (2 a-n) defining at least one possible geographic position of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n), said pattern (2 a-n) extends at least partially around the geographic position (p1a-1d) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n);
wherein the geographic extension of said pattern (2 a-n) is determined based on:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); and
the amount of time that has passed from the first point in time t1;
wherein said central control unit (250) is arranged to at a second point in time t2 perform the following steps:
determining geographic locations (205) within said geographic volume of interest (200) from where the signals from the sensor (300 a-n) show absence of targets; and
removing the pattern (2 a-n) from the geographic locations (205) from where the signals from the sensor (300 a-n) show absence of targets. 15. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to perform the steps repeatedly, wherein the central control unit (250) is further arranged to, for each further first point in time tip subsequent the first point in time t1, new sections (10) are only assumed along the border of the geographic volume of interest (200). 16. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to, at each point in time subsequent the first point in time t1, perform the following steps:
comparing the properties of each pattern (2); and merging the parts of the patterns (2) for which the comparison fulfils a predetermined criteria. 17. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is configured to create a separate pattern (2) for each category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n). 18. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is configured arranged to determine blind spots within the geographic volume of interest (200) based on the pattern (2). 19. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to further base the geographic extension of said pattern (2) on: the characteristics of the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at each point in time. 20. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is one of the following: human; land borne vehicle; waterborne vehicle; or airborne vehicle. 21. The sensor surveillance system (100) according the claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to control at least one sensor (300 a-n) of the sensor surveillance system (100) based on the pattern (2). 22. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to control at least one sensor (300 a-n) of the sensor surveillance system (100), to scan a certain geographic volume, at least at said geographic positions where a pattern (2) of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is present. 23. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to perform the following step: calculating a probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) at each point in time. 24. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 23, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to base the calculations of the probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for the at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) on at least one of:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) where the assumed undetected target (1 a-n, 1 a i-n i) was assumed to be situated at said first point in time t1, t1i; or the ability of the sensor (300 a-n) in the sensor surveillance system scanning a certain geographic volume to detect an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) in said geographic volume. 25. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 23, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to control at least one sensor (300 a-n) of a sensor surveillance system (100) based on the calculated probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n, 1 a i-n i) associated with each part of the pattern (2). 26. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to relate the geographic positions of the pattern (2 a-n, 2 a i-n i) for an assumed undetected target (1 a-n, lai-ni) to a grid. | A sensor surveillance system (100) and a method for determining possible geographic positions of at least one assumed undetected target (1 a-n) within a geographic volume of interest (200) is provided, wherein for a first point in time ti the following steps are performed: dividing the geographic volume of interest (200) into sections (10); assuming the existence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at a geographic position within each section (10); and initiating the creation of a pattern (2) defining at least one possible geographic position of the assumed undetected target, said pattern extends at least partially around the geographic position of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); wherein the geographic extension of said pattern is determined based on: the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); and the amount of time that has passed from the first point in time t1. Further, for a second point in time t2 the following steps are performed: determining geographic locations (205) within said geographic volume of interest (200) from where sensor signals show absence of targets; and removing the pattern (2) from the geographic locations (205) from where sensor signals show absence of targets.1. A method for determining possible geographic positions of at least one assumed undetected target (1 a-n) within a geographic volume of interest (200), wherein for a first point in time t1 the following steps are performed:
dividing the geographic volume of interest (200) into sections (10); assuming the existence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at a geographic position (p1a-1d) within each section (10); and initiating the creation of a pattern (2) defining at least one possible geographic position of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n), said pattern (2) extends at least partially around the geographic position (p1a-1d) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); wherein the geographic extension of said pattern (2) is determined based on:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); and
the amount of time that has passed from the first point in time t1;
wherein, for a second point in time t2 the following steps are performed:
determining geographic locations (205) within said geographic volume of interest (200) from where sensor signals show absence of targets; and
removing the pattern (2) from the geographic locations (205) from where sensor signals show absence of targets. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recited steps are performed repeatedly, and for each further first point in time tip subsequent the first point in time t1, new sections (10) are only assumed along the border of the geographic volume of interest (200). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, at each point in time subsequent the first point in time t1, the following steps are performed:
comparing the properties of each pattern (2); and merging the parts of the patterns (2) for which the comparison fulfils a predetermined criteria. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a separate pattern (2) is created for each category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein blind spots (205) within the geographic volume of interest (200) are determined based on the pattern (2). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geographic extension of said pattern (2) is further based on: the characteristics of the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at each point in time. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is one of the following: human; land borne vehicle; waterborne vehicle; or airborne vehicle. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor (300 a-n) of a sensor surveillance system (100) is controlled based on the pattern (2 a-n). 9. The method according to claim 8 wherein at least one sensor (300 a-n) of the sensor surveillance system (100), is controlled to scan a certain geographic volume, at least at said geographic positions where a pattern (2) of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is present. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following step: calculating a probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) at each point in time. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for the at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) is based on at least one of:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) where the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is assumed to be situated at each point in time t1, t1i; or the ability of the sensor (300 a-n) in the sensor surveillance system scanning a certain geographic volume to detect an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) in said geographic volume. 12. The method according to a claim 11 wherein at least one sensor (300 a-n) of a sensor surveillance system (100) is controlled based on the calculated probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n, 1 a i-n i) associated with each part of the pattern (2). 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geographic positions of a pattern (2 a-n, 2 a i-n i) for an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) are related to a grid. 14. A sensor surveillance system (100) configured for determining possible geographic positions of at least one assumed undetected target (1 a-n) within a geographic volume of interest (200), the system comprising:
a central control unit (250); and at least one sensor (300 a-n) arranged to scan and detect targets in a certain geographic volume within the geographic volume of interest (200), wherein said central control unit (250) is arranged to at a first point in time t1 perform the following steps:
dividing the geographic volume of interest (200) into sections (10);
assuming the existence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at a geographic position (p1a-1d) within each section (10); and
initiating the creation of a pattern (2 a-n) defining at least one possible geographic position of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n), said pattern (2 a-n) extends at least partially around the geographic position (p1a-1d) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n);
wherein the geographic extension of said pattern (2 a-n) is determined based on:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); and
the amount of time that has passed from the first point in time t1;
wherein said central control unit (250) is arranged to at a second point in time t2 perform the following steps:
determining geographic locations (205) within said geographic volume of interest (200) from where the signals from the sensor (300 a-n) show absence of targets; and
removing the pattern (2 a-n) from the geographic locations (205) from where the signals from the sensor (300 a-n) show absence of targets. 15. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to perform the steps repeatedly, wherein the central control unit (250) is further arranged to, for each further first point in time tip subsequent the first point in time t1, new sections (10) are only assumed along the border of the geographic volume of interest (200). 16. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to, at each point in time subsequent the first point in time t1, perform the following steps:
comparing the properties of each pattern (2); and merging the parts of the patterns (2) for which the comparison fulfils a predetermined criteria. 17. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is configured to create a separate pattern (2) for each category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n). 18. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is configured arranged to determine blind spots within the geographic volume of interest (200) based on the pattern (2). 19. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to further base the geographic extension of said pattern (2) on: the characteristics of the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) at each point in time. 20. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is one of the following: human; land borne vehicle; waterborne vehicle; or airborne vehicle. 21. The sensor surveillance system (100) according the claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to control at least one sensor (300 a-n) of the sensor surveillance system (100) based on the pattern (2). 22. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to control at least one sensor (300 a-n) of the sensor surveillance system (100), to scan a certain geographic volume, at least at said geographic positions where a pattern (2) of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) is present. 23. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to perform the following step: calculating a probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) at each point in time. 24. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 23, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to base the calculations of the probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) for the at least one part (50) of the pattern (2) on at least one of:
the category of the assumed undetected target (1 a-n); the surrounding of the geographic position (p1a-n) where the assumed undetected target (1 a-n, 1 a i-n i) was assumed to be situated at said first point in time t1, t1i; or the ability of the sensor (300 a-n) in the sensor surveillance system scanning a certain geographic volume to detect an assumed undetected target (1 a-n) in said geographic volume. 25. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 23, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to control at least one sensor (300 a-n) of a sensor surveillance system (100) based on the calculated probability of the presence of an assumed undetected target (1 a-n, 1 a i-n i) associated with each part of the pattern (2). 26. The sensor surveillance system (100) according to claim 14, wherein the central control unit (250) is arranged to relate the geographic positions of the pattern (2 a-n, 2 a i-n i) for an assumed undetected target (1 a-n, lai-ni) to a grid. | 3,700 |
343,142 | 16,642,875 | 3,793 | A lavatory unit for a vehicle is provided for washing feet. A toilet seat is put in the use position, a lid is put in the open position, the lid and a water drainage plate coupled by an engage/disengage mechanism are disengaged, and the water drainage plate is rotated to the placed position. With pressure on the water drainage plate, water is discharged from a faucet for a predetermined time by a water control unit, and the foot is washed on the water drainage plate. The water is drained to the inside of a toilet body through a discharge port. Once the foot is washed, the water on the upper surface of the water drainage plate is wiped, the water drainage plate is rotated from the placed position to the open position of the lid, or the lid is rotated to the closed position. | 1. A lavatory unit for a vehicle comprising:
a toilet body, a toilet seat provided rotatably between a use position and a non-use position, at the use position the toilet seat being placed on the toilet body and at the non-use position the toilet seat positioned standing from a back end of the toilet body, and a lid provided rotatably between a cover position and an open position, at the cover position the lid being placed on the toilet seat positioned in the use position and covering the toilet seat, and at the open position the lid positioned standing from the back end of the toilet body and opening the toilet seat; the lavatory unit for a vehicle comprising: a water drainage plate rotatable together with the lid between the cover position and the open position in a state where the water drainage plate being stored within an inner surface of the lid, and separated from the lid in the open position of the lid, being put in a placed position where the water drainage plate being placed on the toilet seat in the use position; a faucet provided movably within the lavatory; a water control unit configured to start and stop discharge of water from the faucet; and a faucet holding portion that holds the faucet and causes water discharged from the faucet to head to inside the toilet body with the lid in the open position, wherein the water drainage plate comprising: a placement portion that is placed on the toilet seat positioned in the use position and covers the toilet seat, and a drainage portion that allows a foot being placed on the drainage portion and guides water discharged from the faucet to inside the toilet body. 2. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:
an engage/disengage mechanism that detachably couples the lid and the water drainage plate. 3. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
the lid comprises an inner surface that faces the toilet body in the cover position; and the faucet holding portion comprises the lid and a faucet fixing device provided on the inner surface of the lid, the faucet fixing device detachably holds the faucet. 4. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein:
the faucet fixing device is provided rotatably between a storage position and a use position, at the storage position the faucet fixing device is overlapped on the inner surface of the lid and at the use position the faucet fixing device standing from the inner surface of the lid. 5. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the placement portion comprises:
a placement portion body that is placed on the toilet seat and covers the toilet seat; and a raised wall that stands completely around a periphery of the placement portion body. 6. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the drainage portion comprises:
an inclined surface that gets lower going inward from the placement portion; and a drain hole formed in the inclined surface at a position corresponding to a center of the placement portion. 7. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the drainage portion is formed as a net-like member disposed inward of the placement portion. 8. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sitting plate rotatable between a use position and a storage position, at the use position the sitting plate being extended in a horizontal direction and allowing for sitting facing the toilet, and at the storage position the sitting plate overlapping against a wall portion of the lavatory. 9. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the sitting plate comprises:
a sitting plate body that has an elongated shape, a first end of the sitting plate body in a longitudinal direction is fixed to a wall portion of the lavatory, rotates about the first end between the use position and the storage position, and comprises a top surface that faces up in the use position and a back surface opposite the top surface; and a leg portion rotatably provided on the back surface of the sitting plate body at a second end in the longitudinal direction of the sitting plate body, when the sitting plate body is in the storage position, the leg portion being stored at the back surface of the sitting plate body and, when the sitting plate body is in the use position, the leg portion extending down from the second end in the longitudinal direction, coming into contact with a floor of the lavatory, and supporting the sitting plate body in the use position. 10. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
the faucet is attached to an end of a flexible hose that supplies water, and a faucet storage device is provided on a wall portion of the lavatory near the toilet body, stores the hose in a manner allowing it to be pulled out, and detachably holds the faucet. 11. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein:
the lid comprises an inner surface that faces the toilet body in the cover position; and the faucet holding portion comprises the lid and a faucet fixing device provided on the inner surface of the lid, the faucet fixing device detachably holds the faucet. 12. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 11, wherein:
the faucet fixing device is provided rotatably between a storage position and a use position, at the storage position the faucet fixing device is overlapped on the inner surface of the lid and at the use position the faucet fixing device standing from the inner surface of the lid. 13. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the placement portion comprises:
a placement portion body that is placed on the toilet seat and covers the toilet seat; and a raised wall that stands completely around a periphery of the placement portion body. 14. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the drainage portion comprises:
an inclined surface that gets lower going inward from the placement portion; and a drain hole formed in the inclined surface at a position corresponding to a center of the placement portion. 15. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 13, wherein
the drainage portion is formed as a net-like member disposed inward of the placement portion. 16. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 15, further comprising:
a sitting plate rotatable between a use position and a storage position, at the use position the sitting plate being extended in a horizontal direction and allowing for sitting facing the toilet, and at the storage position the sitting plate overlapping against a wall portion of the lavatory. 17. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the sitting plate comprises:
a sitting plate body that has an elongated shape, a first end of the sitting plate body in a longitudinal direction is fixed to a wall portion of the lavatory, rotates about the first end between the use position and the storage position, and comprises a top surface that faces up in the use position and a back surface opposite the top surface; and a leg portion rotatably provided on the back surface of the sitting plate body at a second end in the longitudinal direction of the sitting plate body, when the sitting plate body is in the storage position, the leg portion being stored at the back surface of the sitting plate body and, when the sitting plate body is in the use position, the leg portion extending down from the second end in the longitudinal direction, coming into contact with a floor of the lavatory, and supporting the sitting plate body in the use position. 18. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 17, wherein:
the faucet is attached to an end of a flexible hose that supplies water, and a faucet storage device is provided on a wall portion of the lavatory near the toilet body, stores the hose in a manner allowing it to be pulled out, and detachably holds the faucet. | A lavatory unit for a vehicle is provided for washing feet. A toilet seat is put in the use position, a lid is put in the open position, the lid and a water drainage plate coupled by an engage/disengage mechanism are disengaged, and the water drainage plate is rotated to the placed position. With pressure on the water drainage plate, water is discharged from a faucet for a predetermined time by a water control unit, and the foot is washed on the water drainage plate. The water is drained to the inside of a toilet body through a discharge port. Once the foot is washed, the water on the upper surface of the water drainage plate is wiped, the water drainage plate is rotated from the placed position to the open position of the lid, or the lid is rotated to the closed position.1. A lavatory unit for a vehicle comprising:
a toilet body, a toilet seat provided rotatably between a use position and a non-use position, at the use position the toilet seat being placed on the toilet body and at the non-use position the toilet seat positioned standing from a back end of the toilet body, and a lid provided rotatably between a cover position and an open position, at the cover position the lid being placed on the toilet seat positioned in the use position and covering the toilet seat, and at the open position the lid positioned standing from the back end of the toilet body and opening the toilet seat; the lavatory unit for a vehicle comprising: a water drainage plate rotatable together with the lid between the cover position and the open position in a state where the water drainage plate being stored within an inner surface of the lid, and separated from the lid in the open position of the lid, being put in a placed position where the water drainage plate being placed on the toilet seat in the use position; a faucet provided movably within the lavatory; a water control unit configured to start and stop discharge of water from the faucet; and a faucet holding portion that holds the faucet and causes water discharged from the faucet to head to inside the toilet body with the lid in the open position, wherein the water drainage plate comprising: a placement portion that is placed on the toilet seat positioned in the use position and covers the toilet seat, and a drainage portion that allows a foot being placed on the drainage portion and guides water discharged from the faucet to inside the toilet body. 2. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:
an engage/disengage mechanism that detachably couples the lid and the water drainage plate. 3. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
the lid comprises an inner surface that faces the toilet body in the cover position; and the faucet holding portion comprises the lid and a faucet fixing device provided on the inner surface of the lid, the faucet fixing device detachably holds the faucet. 4. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein:
the faucet fixing device is provided rotatably between a storage position and a use position, at the storage position the faucet fixing device is overlapped on the inner surface of the lid and at the use position the faucet fixing device standing from the inner surface of the lid. 5. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the placement portion comprises:
a placement portion body that is placed on the toilet seat and covers the toilet seat; and a raised wall that stands completely around a periphery of the placement portion body. 6. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the drainage portion comprises:
an inclined surface that gets lower going inward from the placement portion; and a drain hole formed in the inclined surface at a position corresponding to a center of the placement portion. 7. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the drainage portion is formed as a net-like member disposed inward of the placement portion. 8. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sitting plate rotatable between a use position and a storage position, at the use position the sitting plate being extended in a horizontal direction and allowing for sitting facing the toilet, and at the storage position the sitting plate overlapping against a wall portion of the lavatory. 9. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the sitting plate comprises:
a sitting plate body that has an elongated shape, a first end of the sitting plate body in a longitudinal direction is fixed to a wall portion of the lavatory, rotates about the first end between the use position and the storage position, and comprises a top surface that faces up in the use position and a back surface opposite the top surface; and a leg portion rotatably provided on the back surface of the sitting plate body at a second end in the longitudinal direction of the sitting plate body, when the sitting plate body is in the storage position, the leg portion being stored at the back surface of the sitting plate body and, when the sitting plate body is in the use position, the leg portion extending down from the second end in the longitudinal direction, coming into contact with a floor of the lavatory, and supporting the sitting plate body in the use position. 10. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
the faucet is attached to an end of a flexible hose that supplies water, and a faucet storage device is provided on a wall portion of the lavatory near the toilet body, stores the hose in a manner allowing it to be pulled out, and detachably holds the faucet. 11. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein:
the lid comprises an inner surface that faces the toilet body in the cover position; and the faucet holding portion comprises the lid and a faucet fixing device provided on the inner surface of the lid, the faucet fixing device detachably holds the faucet. 12. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 11, wherein:
the faucet fixing device is provided rotatably between a storage position and a use position, at the storage position the faucet fixing device is overlapped on the inner surface of the lid and at the use position the faucet fixing device standing from the inner surface of the lid. 13. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the placement portion comprises:
a placement portion body that is placed on the toilet seat and covers the toilet seat; and a raised wall that stands completely around a periphery of the placement portion body. 14. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the drainage portion comprises:
an inclined surface that gets lower going inward from the placement portion; and a drain hole formed in the inclined surface at a position corresponding to a center of the placement portion. 15. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 13, wherein
the drainage portion is formed as a net-like member disposed inward of the placement portion. 16. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 15, further comprising:
a sitting plate rotatable between a use position and a storage position, at the use position the sitting plate being extended in a horizontal direction and allowing for sitting facing the toilet, and at the storage position the sitting plate overlapping against a wall portion of the lavatory. 17. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the sitting plate comprises:
a sitting plate body that has an elongated shape, a first end of the sitting plate body in a longitudinal direction is fixed to a wall portion of the lavatory, rotates about the first end between the use position and the storage position, and comprises a top surface that faces up in the use position and a back surface opposite the top surface; and a leg portion rotatably provided on the back surface of the sitting plate body at a second end in the longitudinal direction of the sitting plate body, when the sitting plate body is in the storage position, the leg portion being stored at the back surface of the sitting plate body and, when the sitting plate body is in the use position, the leg portion extending down from the second end in the longitudinal direction, coming into contact with a floor of the lavatory, and supporting the sitting plate body in the use position. 18. The lavatory unit for a vehicle according to claim 17, wherein:
the faucet is attached to an end of a flexible hose that supplies water, and a faucet storage device is provided on a wall portion of the lavatory near the toilet body, stores the hose in a manner allowing it to be pulled out, and detachably holds the faucet. | 3,700 |
343,143 | 16,642,866 | 3,793 | A device including a III-N material is described. In an example, a device includes a first layer including a first group III-nitride (III-N) material and a polarization charge inducing layer, including a second III-N material, above the first layer. The device further includes a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer and a source structure and a drain structure on opposite sides of the gate electrode. The source structure and the drain structure both include a first portion adjacent to the first layer and a second portion above the first portion, the first portion includes a third III-N material with an impurity dopant, and the second portion includes a fourth III-N material, where the fourth III-N material includes the impurity dopant and further includes indium, where the indium content increases with distance from the first portion. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A device comprising:
a first layer comprising a first group III-nitride (III-N) material; a polarization charge inducing layer above the first layer, the polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material; a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer; and a source structure and a drain structure on opposite sides of the gate electrode, the source structure and the drain structure both comprising a first portion adjacent to the first layer and a second portion above the first portion, the first portion comprising a third III-N material with an impurity dopant, and the second portion comprising a fourth III-N material, the fourth III-N material having the impurity dopant and comprising indium, wherein the indium content increases with distance from the first portion. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein the first III-N material includes a gallium nitride (GaN) and the second III-N material includes aluminum. 28. The device of claim 26, wherein the impurity dopant includes an n-type impurity dopant. 29. The device of claim 26, wherein the first portion of the source structure and the first portion of the drain structure include a material that is lattice matched to the first group III-N material. 30. The device of claim 26, wherein the indium content within the second portion increases with distance away from the first portion to a maximum of 10 atomic percent. 31. The device of claim 30, wherein the first portion of the source structure and the first portion of the drain structure each include a material having a second indium content less than a minimum content of indium in the second portion. 32. The device of claim 31, wherein an upper surface of each of the second portions of the source structure and the drain structure comprise corrugations. 33. The device of claim 32, wherein the indium content is uniform within individual ones of the corrugations. 34. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure has a height between 50 nm-100 nm, and the drain structure has a height between 50 nm-100 nm. 35. The device of claim 34, wherein the first portion has a thickness between 10 nm-30 nm and the second portion has a thickness between 30 nm-80 nm. 36. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure and a drain structure comprise faceted crystals having sidewalls that are approximately 60 degrees from a plane of the polarization charge inducing layer. 37. The device of claim 26, wherein the polarization charge inducing layer has a thickness between 3 nm-20 nm. 38. The device of claim 26, further includes a gate dielectric layer between the gate electrode and the polarization charge inducing layer. 39. The group III-N transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the gate electrode comprises a work function layer and a gate metal cap. 40. A method of fabricating a device, the method comprising:
forming a first layer comprising a first group III-nitride (III-N) material above a substrate; forming a polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material above the first layer; forming a first recess and a second recess in the first III-N material, the second recess laterally separated from the first recess; forming a source structure in the first recess and a drain structure in the second recess, wherein forming each of the source structure and the drain structure comprises depositing a first portion above the first III-N material and depositing a second portion above the first portion, wherein the depositing comprises increasing the indium content over a time that the second portion is deposited; forming a gate dielectric layer on the polarization charge inducing layer; and forming a gate electrode on the gate dielectric layer. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first portion of the source structure and the first portion of the drain structure includes depositing a material that is lattice matched to the first III-N material. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the second portion of the source structure and the second portion of the drain structure comprises increasing an amount of indium concentration over a duration of a deposition process. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first recess and second recess comprises masking a portion of the polarization charge inducing layer and etching the unmasked portions of the polarization charge inducing layer to uncover the first III-N material and then etching portions of the first III-N material. 44. A system comprising:
a processor; and a radio transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the transceiver includes the device of claim 26. 45. The system of claim 44, further comprising a battery coupled to power the processor or the transceiver. | A device including a III-N material is described. In an example, a device includes a first layer including a first group III-nitride (III-N) material and a polarization charge inducing layer, including a second III-N material, above the first layer. The device further includes a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer and a source structure and a drain structure on opposite sides of the gate electrode. The source structure and the drain structure both include a first portion adjacent to the first layer and a second portion above the first portion, the first portion includes a third III-N material with an impurity dopant, and the second portion includes a fourth III-N material, where the fourth III-N material includes the impurity dopant and further includes indium, where the indium content increases with distance from the first portion.1-25. (canceled) 26. A device comprising:
a first layer comprising a first group III-nitride (III-N) material; a polarization charge inducing layer above the first layer, the polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material; a gate electrode above the polarization charge inducing layer; and a source structure and a drain structure on opposite sides of the gate electrode, the source structure and the drain structure both comprising a first portion adjacent to the first layer and a second portion above the first portion, the first portion comprising a third III-N material with an impurity dopant, and the second portion comprising a fourth III-N material, the fourth III-N material having the impurity dopant and comprising indium, wherein the indium content increases with distance from the first portion. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein the first III-N material includes a gallium nitride (GaN) and the second III-N material includes aluminum. 28. The device of claim 26, wherein the impurity dopant includes an n-type impurity dopant. 29. The device of claim 26, wherein the first portion of the source structure and the first portion of the drain structure include a material that is lattice matched to the first group III-N material. 30. The device of claim 26, wherein the indium content within the second portion increases with distance away from the first portion to a maximum of 10 atomic percent. 31. The device of claim 30, wherein the first portion of the source structure and the first portion of the drain structure each include a material having a second indium content less than a minimum content of indium in the second portion. 32. The device of claim 31, wherein an upper surface of each of the second portions of the source structure and the drain structure comprise corrugations. 33. The device of claim 32, wherein the indium content is uniform within individual ones of the corrugations. 34. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure has a height between 50 nm-100 nm, and the drain structure has a height between 50 nm-100 nm. 35. The device of claim 34, wherein the first portion has a thickness between 10 nm-30 nm and the second portion has a thickness between 30 nm-80 nm. 36. The device of claim 26, wherein the source structure and a drain structure comprise faceted crystals having sidewalls that are approximately 60 degrees from a plane of the polarization charge inducing layer. 37. The device of claim 26, wherein the polarization charge inducing layer has a thickness between 3 nm-20 nm. 38. The device of claim 26, further includes a gate dielectric layer between the gate electrode and the polarization charge inducing layer. 39. The group III-N transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the gate electrode comprises a work function layer and a gate metal cap. 40. A method of fabricating a device, the method comprising:
forming a first layer comprising a first group III-nitride (III-N) material above a substrate; forming a polarization charge inducing layer comprising a second III-N material above the first layer; forming a first recess and a second recess in the first III-N material, the second recess laterally separated from the first recess; forming a source structure in the first recess and a drain structure in the second recess, wherein forming each of the source structure and the drain structure comprises depositing a first portion above the first III-N material and depositing a second portion above the first portion, wherein the depositing comprises increasing the indium content over a time that the second portion is deposited; forming a gate dielectric layer on the polarization charge inducing layer; and forming a gate electrode on the gate dielectric layer. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first portion of the source structure and the first portion of the drain structure includes depositing a material that is lattice matched to the first III-N material. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the second portion of the source structure and the second portion of the drain structure comprises increasing an amount of indium concentration over a duration of a deposition process. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first recess and second recess comprises masking a portion of the polarization charge inducing layer and etching the unmasked portions of the polarization charge inducing layer to uncover the first III-N material and then etching portions of the first III-N material. 44. A system comprising:
a processor; and a radio transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the transceiver includes the device of claim 26. 45. The system of claim 44, further comprising a battery coupled to power the processor or the transceiver. | 3,700 |
343,144 | 16,642,874 | 3,793 | Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for adjusting outputs of an electronic device by using a touch technology. The apparatus for adjusting outputs of the electronic device, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a touch input unit for sensing a touch input of a first figure and at least one second figure; and an output adjustment unit for generating at least one piece of adjustment information for adjusting at least one output of the electronic device according to a relative phase relationship (topology) of the first figure and the at least one second figure, and adjusting the at least one output of the electronic device. The output adjustment unit can generate the at least one piece of adjustment information when the relative phase relationship between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure is the same even if the touch position and direction on the touch input unit are different. | 1. A method for adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the method comprising:
detecting touch inputs of at least one first figure and at least one second figure, in a touch input unit; and adjusting, in an output adjustment unit, at least one output of the electronic device by generating at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the at least one adjustment information when the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure have a same relative topology therebetween even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the at least one adjustment information by taking into consideration at least one of an association attribute between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure depending on the relative topology, and an intrinsic attribute of the at least one second figure, in addition to the relative topology. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of at least one first figure and at least one second figure in advance for generating the at least one adjustment information in the touch input unit, before the touch inputs of the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure, wherein, in the adjusting of the at least one output of the electronic device, the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure touch-inputted from the touch input unit after the input of the predictive information is detected. 4. A method for adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the method comprising:
detecting a touch input of a line by the touch input unit; detecting, by the touch input unit, a touch input of a dragged line intersecting the line on the line or dragged in a region other than the line; and adjusting, by an output adjustment unit, the output of the electronic device in real time by generating adjustment information for adjusting the output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the line and the dragged line, and a length of the dragged line and a dragged direction, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the adjustment information when the relative topology between the line and the dragged line and the length of the dragged line and the dragged direction are identical even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
detecting, by the touch input unit, an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of a line and a dragged line in advance for generating the adjustment information, before the touch input of the line and the dragged line, wherein, in the adjusting of the output of the electronic device, the output adjustment unit generates adjustment information for adjusting the output of the electronic device depending on the relative topology between the line and the dragged line touch-inputted from the touch input unit, and a length of the dragged line and a dragged direction, after the input of the predictive information is detected. 6. A method for adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the method comprising:
detecting touch inputs of a line and at least one point in the touch input unit; and adjusting, in an output adjustment unit, at least one output of the electronic device by generating at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on the relative topology between the line and the at least one point, wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information when the relative topology between the line and the at least one point is identical even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information by taking into consideration at least one of an associated attribute between the line and the at least one point depending on the relative topology and an intrinsic attribute of the at least one point into consideration, in addition to the relative topology. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relative topology is configured such that all of the at least one point are positioned at an identical or different position on the line, or a part of the at least one point is positioned at an identical or different position on the line and a remaining is positioned at a position other than the line. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the at least one point is positioned at the identical position on the line, the association attribute includes a ratio between a length of the line and a spaced distance between the start point of the line and the identical position or a ratio between the length of the line and a spaced distance between the end point of the line and the identical position. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the at least one point is positioned at the different position on the line, the association attribute includes a ratio between a length of the line and a spaced distance between the start point of the line and any one of the at least one point positioned at the different positions or a ratio between the length of the line and a spaced distance between the end point of the line and any one of the at least one point positioned at the different positions. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the at least one point is positioned in a region of the touch input unit other than the line, the association attribute includes a ratio between a spaced distance between any one of the at least one point positioned in the region of the touch input unit other than the line and the line, and a length of the line. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the intrinsic attribute of the point includes a touch duration or touch area of the point. 13. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
detecting, by the touch input unit, an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of a line and at least one point in advance for generating the adjustment information, before the touch inputs of the line and the at least one point, wherein, in the adjusting of the output of the electronic device, the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on the relative topology between the line and the at least one point touch-inputted from the touch input unit, after the input of the predictive information is detected. 14. An apparatus of adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the apparatus comprising:
a touch input unit configured to detect touch inputs of a first figure and at least one second figure; and an output adjustment unit configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device by generating at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure, wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information when the first figure and the at least one second figure have a same relative topology therebetween even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the at least one adjustment information by taking into consideration at least one of an association attribute between the first figure and the at least one second figure depending on the relative topology and an intrinsic attribute of the at least one second figure into consideration, in addition to the relative topology. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the touch input unit detects an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of a first figure and at least one second figure in advance for generating the at least one adjustment information in the touch input unit, before the touch input of the first figure and the at least one second figure,
and wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the first figure and the at least one second figure touch-inputted from the touch input unit, after the input of the predictive information is detected. | Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for adjusting outputs of an electronic device by using a touch technology. The apparatus for adjusting outputs of the electronic device, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a touch input unit for sensing a touch input of a first figure and at least one second figure; and an output adjustment unit for generating at least one piece of adjustment information for adjusting at least one output of the electronic device according to a relative phase relationship (topology) of the first figure and the at least one second figure, and adjusting the at least one output of the electronic device. The output adjustment unit can generate the at least one piece of adjustment information when the relative phase relationship between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure is the same even if the touch position and direction on the touch input unit are different.1. A method for adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the method comprising:
detecting touch inputs of at least one first figure and at least one second figure, in a touch input unit; and adjusting, in an output adjustment unit, at least one output of the electronic device by generating at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the at least one adjustment information when the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure have a same relative topology therebetween even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the at least one adjustment information by taking into consideration at least one of an association attribute between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure depending on the relative topology, and an intrinsic attribute of the at least one second figure, in addition to the relative topology. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of at least one first figure and at least one second figure in advance for generating the at least one adjustment information in the touch input unit, before the touch inputs of the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure, wherein, in the adjusting of the at least one output of the electronic device, the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure touch-inputted from the touch input unit after the input of the predictive information is detected. 4. A method for adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the method comprising:
detecting a touch input of a line by the touch input unit; detecting, by the touch input unit, a touch input of a dragged line intersecting the line on the line or dragged in a region other than the line; and adjusting, by an output adjustment unit, the output of the electronic device in real time by generating adjustment information for adjusting the output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the line and the dragged line, and a length of the dragged line and a dragged direction, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the adjustment information when the relative topology between the line and the dragged line and the length of the dragged line and the dragged direction are identical even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
detecting, by the touch input unit, an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of a line and a dragged line in advance for generating the adjustment information, before the touch input of the line and the dragged line, wherein, in the adjusting of the output of the electronic device, the output adjustment unit generates adjustment information for adjusting the output of the electronic device depending on the relative topology between the line and the dragged line touch-inputted from the touch input unit, and a length of the dragged line and a dragged direction, after the input of the predictive information is detected. 6. A method for adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the method comprising:
detecting touch inputs of a line and at least one point in the touch input unit; and adjusting, in an output adjustment unit, at least one output of the electronic device by generating at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on the relative topology between the line and the at least one point, wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information when the relative topology between the line and the at least one point is identical even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information by taking into consideration at least one of an associated attribute between the line and the at least one point depending on the relative topology and an intrinsic attribute of the at least one point into consideration, in addition to the relative topology. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relative topology is configured such that all of the at least one point are positioned at an identical or different position on the line, or a part of the at least one point is positioned at an identical or different position on the line and a remaining is positioned at a position other than the line. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the at least one point is positioned at the identical position on the line, the association attribute includes a ratio between a length of the line and a spaced distance between the start point of the line and the identical position or a ratio between the length of the line and a spaced distance between the end point of the line and the identical position. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the at least one point is positioned at the different position on the line, the association attribute includes a ratio between a length of the line and a spaced distance between the start point of the line and any one of the at least one point positioned at the different positions or a ratio between the length of the line and a spaced distance between the end point of the line and any one of the at least one point positioned at the different positions. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the at least one point is positioned in a region of the touch input unit other than the line, the association attribute includes a ratio between a spaced distance between any one of the at least one point positioned in the region of the touch input unit other than the line and the line, and a length of the line. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the intrinsic attribute of the point includes a touch duration or touch area of the point. 13. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
detecting, by the touch input unit, an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of a line and at least one point in advance for generating the adjustment information, before the touch inputs of the line and the at least one point, wherein, in the adjusting of the output of the electronic device, the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on the relative topology between the line and the at least one point touch-inputted from the touch input unit, after the input of the predictive information is detected. 14. An apparatus of adjusting an output of an electronic device using a touch technology, the apparatus comprising:
a touch input unit configured to detect touch inputs of a first figure and at least one second figure; and an output adjustment unit configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device by generating at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the at least one first figure and the at least one second figure, wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information when the first figure and the at least one second figure have a same relative topology therebetween even if a touch position and a touch direction on the touch input unit are different. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the output adjustment unit generates the at least one adjustment information by taking into consideration at least one of an association attribute between the first figure and the at least one second figure depending on the relative topology and an intrinsic attribute of the at least one second figure into consideration, in addition to the relative topology. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the touch input unit detects an input of predictive information that informs touch inputs of a first figure and at least one second figure in advance for generating the at least one adjustment information in the touch input unit, before the touch input of the first figure and the at least one second figure,
and wherein the output adjustment unit generates at least one adjustment information configured to adjust at least one output of the electronic device depending on a relative topology between the first figure and the at least one second figure touch-inputted from the touch input unit, after the input of the predictive information is detected. | 3,700 |
343,145 | 16,802,555 | 3,793 | An airbag apparatus includes an airbag housed deployably, and an instrument panel covering the airbag in a deploying direction and forming a design surface of a vehicle cabin. The instrument panel includes, on the design surface facing the vehicle cabin, a character line including continuous protrusions toward the deploying direction. The instrument panel includes, on a surface facing the airbag along the character line, a tear line that ruptures at the time of deployment of the airbag. | 1. An airbag apparatus, comprising:
an airbag housed deployably; and a panel member covering the airbag in a deploying direction and forming a design surface of a vehicle cabin, wherein the panel member includes, on a surface facing the vehicle cabin, a character line including continuous protrusions toward the deploying direction, and the panel member includes, on a surface facing the airbag, along the character line, a tear line that ruptures at the time of deployment of the airbag. 2. The airbag apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the character line and the tear line are substantially aligned with each other in the deploying direction. 3. The airbag apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the character line and the tear line are spaced from each other in the deploying direction, and the airbag apparatus further comprises a spacer member that controls a direction of a force to be transmitted from the airbag to the panel member, between the panel member and the airbag, in a portion closer to the character line with respect to the tear line. | An airbag apparatus includes an airbag housed deployably, and an instrument panel covering the airbag in a deploying direction and forming a design surface of a vehicle cabin. The instrument panel includes, on the design surface facing the vehicle cabin, a character line including continuous protrusions toward the deploying direction. The instrument panel includes, on a surface facing the airbag along the character line, a tear line that ruptures at the time of deployment of the airbag.1. An airbag apparatus, comprising:
an airbag housed deployably; and a panel member covering the airbag in a deploying direction and forming a design surface of a vehicle cabin, wherein the panel member includes, on a surface facing the vehicle cabin, a character line including continuous protrusions toward the deploying direction, and the panel member includes, on a surface facing the airbag, along the character line, a tear line that ruptures at the time of deployment of the airbag. 2. The airbag apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the character line and the tear line are substantially aligned with each other in the deploying direction. 3. The airbag apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the character line and the tear line are spaced from each other in the deploying direction, and the airbag apparatus further comprises a spacer member that controls a direction of a force to be transmitted from the airbag to the panel member, between the panel member and the airbag, in a portion closer to the character line with respect to the tear line. | 3,700 |
343,146 | 16,802,559 | 1,716 | A gas supplying unit of a substrate treating apparatus is proposed. The gas supplying unit includes: a gas distribution plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and having first gas supply holes formed through the first surface and the second surface; a shower head having a third surface being in close contact with the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and having second gas supply holes formed through the third surface and the fourth surface to be connected to the first gas supply holes; and heat transfer members having first ends inserted in at least one of the gas distribution plate and the shower head and second ends being in contact with any one of the shower head and the gas distribution plate. | 1. A gas supplying unit of a substrate treating apparatus, the gas supplying unit comprising:
a gas distribution plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and having first gas supply holes formed between the first surface and the second surface; a shower head having a third surface being in close contact with the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and having second gas supply holes formed through the third surface and the fourth surface to be connected to the first gas supply holes; and heat transfer members inserted in at least one of the gas distribution plate and the shower head. 2. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein the heat transfer members have first ends inserted in the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the third surface of the shower head. 3. The gas supplying unit of claim 2,
wherein the first ends of the heat transfer members inserted in the gas distribution plate are not exposed to the first surface of the gas distribution plate. 4. The gas supplying unit of claim 1, wherein the heat transfer members have first ends being in contact with the second surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends inserted in the shower head. 5. The gas supplying unit of claim 4, wherein lengths of the heat transfer members are smaller than a thickness of the shower head. 6. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed through the gas distribution plate with first ends having the same phase as the first surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the shower head or inserted in the shower head. 7. The gas supplying unit of claim 6, further comprising:
caps are disposed on upper ends of the heat transfer members, so the first ends of the heat transfer members are not exposed. 8. The gas supplying unit of claim 1, further comprising:
cores being formed of a material having higher thermal conductivity than thermal conductivity of a material of the heat transfer members, wherein the cores are disposed in a respective one of the heat transfer members. 9. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein a plurality of distribution spaces having different diameters is disposed on the first surface of the gas distribution plate around a center of the gas distribution plate, and the first gas supply holes are formed in the distribution spaces. 10. The gas supplying unit of claim 9,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed between the distribution spaces. 11. The gas supplying unit of claim 9,
wherein gaps between the distribution spaces are between 1 mm and 30 mm. 12. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein heat transfer members are made of a silicon-based composite, low-molecular weight siloxane, a uniformly distributed thermal conductive filler, or a combination thereof. 13. The gas supplying unit of claim 1, wherein diameters of the heat transfer members decrease toward an edge from a center of the shower head. 14. A substrate treating apparatus comprising a gas supplying unit, wherein the gas supplying unit includes:
a gas distribution plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and having first gas supply holes formed between the first surface and the second surface; a shower head having a third surface being in close contact with the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and having second gas supply holes formed through the third surface and the fourth surface to be connected to the first gas supply holes; and heat transfer members inserted in at least one of the gas distribution plate and the shower head. 15. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the heat transfer members have first ends inserted in the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the third surface of the shower head. 16. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 15,
wherein the first ends of the heat transfer members inserted in the gas distribution plate are not exposed to the first surface of the gas distribution plate. 17. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the heat transfer members have first ends being in contact with the second surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends inserted in the shower head. 18. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 17,
wherein lengths of the heat transfer members are smaller than a thickness of the shower head. 19. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed through the gas distribution plate with first ends having the same phase as the first surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the shower head or inserted in the shower head. 20. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 19,
wherein the gas supplying unit further includes: caps are disposed on upper ends of the heat transfer members, so the first ends of the heat transfer members are not exposed. 21. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the gas supplying unit further includes: cores being formed of a material having higher thermal conductivity than thermal conductivity of a material of the heat transfer members, wherein the cores are disposed in a respective one of the heat transfer members. 22. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein a plurality of distribution spaces having different diameters is disposed on the first surface of the gas distribution plate around a center of the gas distribution plate, and the first gas supply holes are formed in the distribution spaces. 23. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 22,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed between the distribution spaces. 24. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 22,
wherein gaps between the distribution spaces are between 1 mm and 30 mm. 25. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein heat transfer members are made of a silicon-based composite, low-molecular weight siloxane, a uniformly distributed thermal conductive filler, or a combination thereof. 26. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein diameters of the heat transfer members decrease toward an edge from a center of the shower head. | A gas supplying unit of a substrate treating apparatus is proposed. The gas supplying unit includes: a gas distribution plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and having first gas supply holes formed through the first surface and the second surface; a shower head having a third surface being in close contact with the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and having second gas supply holes formed through the third surface and the fourth surface to be connected to the first gas supply holes; and heat transfer members having first ends inserted in at least one of the gas distribution plate and the shower head and second ends being in contact with any one of the shower head and the gas distribution plate.1. A gas supplying unit of a substrate treating apparatus, the gas supplying unit comprising:
a gas distribution plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and having first gas supply holes formed between the first surface and the second surface; a shower head having a third surface being in close contact with the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and having second gas supply holes formed through the third surface and the fourth surface to be connected to the first gas supply holes; and heat transfer members inserted in at least one of the gas distribution plate and the shower head. 2. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein the heat transfer members have first ends inserted in the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the third surface of the shower head. 3. The gas supplying unit of claim 2,
wherein the first ends of the heat transfer members inserted in the gas distribution plate are not exposed to the first surface of the gas distribution plate. 4. The gas supplying unit of claim 1, wherein the heat transfer members have first ends being in contact with the second surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends inserted in the shower head. 5. The gas supplying unit of claim 4, wherein lengths of the heat transfer members are smaller than a thickness of the shower head. 6. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed through the gas distribution plate with first ends having the same phase as the first surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the shower head or inserted in the shower head. 7. The gas supplying unit of claim 6, further comprising:
caps are disposed on upper ends of the heat transfer members, so the first ends of the heat transfer members are not exposed. 8. The gas supplying unit of claim 1, further comprising:
cores being formed of a material having higher thermal conductivity than thermal conductivity of a material of the heat transfer members, wherein the cores are disposed in a respective one of the heat transfer members. 9. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein a plurality of distribution spaces having different diameters is disposed on the first surface of the gas distribution plate around a center of the gas distribution plate, and the first gas supply holes are formed in the distribution spaces. 10. The gas supplying unit of claim 9,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed between the distribution spaces. 11. The gas supplying unit of claim 9,
wherein gaps between the distribution spaces are between 1 mm and 30 mm. 12. The gas supplying unit of claim 1,
wherein heat transfer members are made of a silicon-based composite, low-molecular weight siloxane, a uniformly distributed thermal conductive filler, or a combination thereof. 13. The gas supplying unit of claim 1, wherein diameters of the heat transfer members decrease toward an edge from a center of the shower head. 14. A substrate treating apparatus comprising a gas supplying unit, wherein the gas supplying unit includes:
a gas distribution plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and having first gas supply holes formed between the first surface and the second surface; a shower head having a third surface being in close contact with the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and having second gas supply holes formed through the third surface and the fourth surface to be connected to the first gas supply holes; and heat transfer members inserted in at least one of the gas distribution plate and the shower head. 15. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the heat transfer members have first ends inserted in the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the third surface of the shower head. 16. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 15,
wherein the first ends of the heat transfer members inserted in the gas distribution plate are not exposed to the first surface of the gas distribution plate. 17. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the heat transfer members have first ends being in contact with the second surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends inserted in the shower head. 18. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 17,
wherein lengths of the heat transfer members are smaller than a thickness of the shower head. 19. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed through the gas distribution plate with first ends having the same phase as the first surface of the gas distribution plate and second ends being in contact with the shower head or inserted in the shower head. 20. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 19,
wherein the gas supplying unit further includes: caps are disposed on upper ends of the heat transfer members, so the first ends of the heat transfer members are not exposed. 21. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the gas supplying unit further includes: cores being formed of a material having higher thermal conductivity than thermal conductivity of a material of the heat transfer members, wherein the cores are disposed in a respective one of the heat transfer members. 22. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein a plurality of distribution spaces having different diameters is disposed on the first surface of the gas distribution plate around a center of the gas distribution plate, and the first gas supply holes are formed in the distribution spaces. 23. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 22,
wherein the heat transfer members are disposed between the distribution spaces. 24. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 22,
wherein gaps between the distribution spaces are between 1 mm and 30 mm. 25. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein heat transfer members are made of a silicon-based composite, low-molecular weight siloxane, a uniformly distributed thermal conductive filler, or a combination thereof. 26. The substrate treating apparatus of claim 14,
wherein diameters of the heat transfer members decrease toward an edge from a center of the shower head. | 1,700 |
343,147 | 16,802,572 | 1,716 | There is provided a communication control apparatus including an information acquisition unit that acquires information about channels, among frequency channels assigned to a primary system, available to a secondary system, a generation unit that generates a list of channels, among the channels available, recommended for a secondary usage node operating the secondary system, and a notification unit that notifies the secondary usage node of the list generated by the generation unit to allow the secondary usage node to select a channel for secondary usage. | 1. A communication control apparatus comprising:
circuitry configured to:
receive a notification of a channel selected from a list of channels recommended for second communication service, from two or more communication devices, respectively;
determine whether the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices;
transmit a response to the two or more communication devices;
wherein the response includes acknowledgement of the selected channel, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices does not conflict with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices,
wherein the response includes updated list of recommended channels, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices. 2. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices, the circuitry is further configured to
transmit a notification to a first communication device to allow to operate the second communication service, the first communication device transmitting the notification of selected channel first to the communication control apparatus, among the two or more communication devices. 3. The communication control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices, the circuitry is further configured to
transmit a notification to second communication devices to re-select the channel to be used based on the updated list of recommended channels, the second communication devices being other than the first communication device in the two or more communication devices. 4. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to notify another communication control apparatus of the channel selected by the two or more communication devices. 5. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to generate the list of channels recommended for second communication service, based on a request from at least one of the two or more communication devices. 6. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the channels recommended to the two or more communication devices in a way that interference with a first communication service caused by the second communication service does not exceed a permissible level. 7. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the channels recommended to two or more communication devices in a way that interference among a plurality of second communication services operated by each of the two or more communication devices does not exceed a permissible level. 8. A communication control method comprising:
receiving a notification of a channel selected from a list of channels recommended for second communication service, from two or more communication devices, respectively;
determining whether the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices;
transmitting a response to the two or more communication devices;
wherein the response includes acknowledgement of the selected channel, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices does not conflict with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices,
wherein the response includes updated list of recommended channels, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices. 9. A communication system, comprising:
two or more communication devices; and a communication control apparatus including circuitry configured to: receive a notification of a channel selected from a list of channels recommended for second communication service, from the two or more communication devices, respectively;
determine whether the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices;
transmit a response to the two or more communication devices;
wherein the response includes acknowledgement of the selected channel, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices does not conflict with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices,
wherein the response includes updated list of recommended channels, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices. | There is provided a communication control apparatus including an information acquisition unit that acquires information about channels, among frequency channels assigned to a primary system, available to a secondary system, a generation unit that generates a list of channels, among the channels available, recommended for a secondary usage node operating the secondary system, and a notification unit that notifies the secondary usage node of the list generated by the generation unit to allow the secondary usage node to select a channel for secondary usage.1. A communication control apparatus comprising:
circuitry configured to:
receive a notification of a channel selected from a list of channels recommended for second communication service, from two or more communication devices, respectively;
determine whether the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices;
transmit a response to the two or more communication devices;
wherein the response includes acknowledgement of the selected channel, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices does not conflict with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices,
wherein the response includes updated list of recommended channels, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices. 2. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices, the circuitry is further configured to
transmit a notification to a first communication device to allow to operate the second communication service, the first communication device transmitting the notification of selected channel first to the communication control apparatus, among the two or more communication devices. 3. The communication control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices, the circuitry is further configured to
transmit a notification to second communication devices to re-select the channel to be used based on the updated list of recommended channels, the second communication devices being other than the first communication device in the two or more communication devices. 4. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to notify another communication control apparatus of the channel selected by the two or more communication devices. 5. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to generate the list of channels recommended for second communication service, based on a request from at least one of the two or more communication devices. 6. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the channels recommended to the two or more communication devices in a way that interference with a first communication service caused by the second communication service does not exceed a permissible level. 7. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the channels recommended to two or more communication devices in a way that interference among a plurality of second communication services operated by each of the two or more communication devices does not exceed a permissible level. 8. A communication control method comprising:
receiving a notification of a channel selected from a list of channels recommended for second communication service, from two or more communication devices, respectively;
determining whether the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices;
transmitting a response to the two or more communication devices;
wherein the response includes acknowledgement of the selected channel, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices does not conflict with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices,
wherein the response includes updated list of recommended channels, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices. 9. A communication system, comprising:
two or more communication devices; and a communication control apparatus including circuitry configured to: receive a notification of a channel selected from a list of channels recommended for second communication service, from the two or more communication devices, respectively;
determine whether the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices;
transmit a response to the two or more communication devices;
wherein the response includes acknowledgement of the selected channel, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices does not conflict with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices,
wherein the response includes updated list of recommended channels, when the channel selected by one of the two or more communication devices conflicts with the channel selected by at least one of other communication device of the two or more communication devices. | 1,700 |
343,148 | 16,642,892 | 1,716 | Migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled. The migration component selects a first sub-set of source pages. A respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table. A target table of the target compute sled is set to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified. The migration component migrates the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to target pages and selects a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table. The migration component sets the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory and then moves the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. | 1. A method, performed by a migration component, for migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled, wherein the application is associated with data stored in a set of source pages of a source local memory of the source compute sled, wherein the data comprises a respective content stored in a respective source page of the source local memory, wherein at least a portion of the data is stored in a set of target pages of a target local memory of the target compute sled when the application executes in the target compute sled after the migration of the application, wherein a memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the method comprising:
selecting a first sub-set of source pages, wherein a respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table of the source compute sled, wherein the source table indicates the respective source status of each source page, wherein the respective source status for any source page indicates that said any source page is modified or unmodified; setting a target table of the target compute sled to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is associated with the first sub-set of source pages, wherein the target table indicates a respective target status of each target page of the target local memory, wherein the respective target status for any target page indicates that said any target page is modified or unmodified; migrating the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages; selecting a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table, wherein the first sub-set of source pages is different from the second sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory, wherein the second sub-set of target pages is associated with the second sub-set of source pages, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is different from the second sub-set of target pages; and moving the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the memory is comprised in at least one of a memory sled and a virtual swap device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a further memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the further memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the method further comprising:
selecting a third sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the third sub-set is unmodified according to the source table; selecting a fourth sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the fourth sub-set is unmodified according to the source table, wherein the third sub-set of source pages is different from the fourth sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a third sub-set of target pages is allocated in the further memory, wherein the third sub-set of target pages is associated with the third sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a fourth sub-set of target pages is allocated in the target local memory, wherein the fourth sub-set of target pages is associated with the fourth sub-set of source pages; and migrating the respective content stored in the fourth sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the further memory is comprised in at least one of a further memory sled and a further virtual swap device. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the further memory is part of the memory; wherein the further memory sled is part of the memory sled; and wherein the further virtual swap device is part of the virtual swap device. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein each source page has a respective utility indication relating to at least one of access frequency, latency, and memory type, wherein a set of utility indications comprises the respective utility indication for each source page. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the selecting of the first sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the second sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the third sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; and wherein the selecting of the fourth sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an instruction from a data center managing device to migrate the application to the target compute sled. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing circuit of a migration component for migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled, wherein the application is associated with data stored in a set of source pages of a source local memory of the source compute sled, wherein the data comprises a respective content stored in a respective source page of the source local memory, wherein at least a portion of the data is stored in a set of target pages of a target local memory of the target compute sled when the application executes in the target compute sled after the migration of the application, wherein a memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, are capable of causing the migration component to perform operations comprising:
selecting a first sub-set of source pages, wherein a respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table of the source compute sled, wherein the source table indicates the respective source status of each source page, wherein the respective source status for any source page indicates that said any source page is modified or unmodified; setting a target table of the target compute sled to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is associated with the first sub-set of source pages, wherein the target table indicates a respective target status of each target page of the target local memory, wherein the respective target status for any target page indicates that said any target page is modified or unmodified; migrating the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages; selecting a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table, wherein the first sub-set of source pages is different from the second sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory, wherein the second sub-set of target pages is associated with the second sub-set of source pages, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is different from the second sub-set of target pages; and moving the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. 10. (canceled) 11. A migration component configured for migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled, wherein the application is associated with data stored in a set of source pages of a source local memory of the source compute sled, wherein the data comprises a respective content stored in a respective source page of the source local memory, wherein at least a portion of the data is stored in a set of target pages of a target local memory of the target compute sled when the application executes in the target compute sled after the migration of the application, wherein a memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the migration component comprising:
a processing circuit; and a program memory containing instructions which, when executed by the processing circuit, cause the migration component to perform operations to:
select a first sub-set of source pages, wherein a respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table of the source compute sled, wherein the source table indicates the respective source status of each source page, wherein the respective source status for any source page indicates that said any source page is modified or unmodified;
set a target table of the target compute sled to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is associated with the first sub-set of source pages, wherein the target table indicates a respective target status of each target page of the target local memory, wherein the respective target status for any target page indicates that said any target page is modified or unmodified;
migrate the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages;
select a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table, wherein the first sub-set of source pages is different from the second sub-set of source pages;
set the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory, wherein the second sub-set of target pages is associated with the second sub-set of source pages, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is different from the second sub-set of target pages; and
move the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. 12. The migration component according to claim 11, wherein the memory is comprised in at least one of a memory sled and a virtual swap device. 13. The migration component according to claim 11, wherein a further memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the further memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the migration component further performs operations to:
select a third sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the third sub-set is unmodified according to the source table; select a fourth sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the fourth sub-set is unmodified according to the source table, wherein the third sub-set of source pages is different from the fourth sub-set of source pages; set the target table to indicate that a third sub-set of target pages is allocated in the further memory, wherein the third sub-set of target pages is associated with the third sub-set of source pages; set the target table to indicate that a fourth sub-set of target pages is allocated in the target local memory, wherein the fourth sub-set of target pages is associated with the fourth sub-set of source pages; and migrate the respective content stored in the fourth sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages. 14. The migration component according to claim 13, wherein the further memory is comprised in at least one of a further memory sled and a further virtual swap device. 15. The migration component according to claim 14, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the further memory is part of the memory; wherein the further memory sled is part of the memory sled; and wherein the further virtual swap device is part of the virtual swap device. 16. The migration component according to claim 13, wherein each source page has a respective utility indication relating to at least one of access frequency, latency, and memory type, wherein a set of utility indications comprises the respective utility indication for each source page. 17. The migration component according to claim 16, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the selecting of the first sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the second sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the third sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; and wherein the selecting of the fourth sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications. 18. The migration component according to claim 11, wherein the migration component to receive an instruction from a data center managing device to migrate the application to the target compute sled. | Migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled. The migration component selects a first sub-set of source pages. A respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table. A target table of the target compute sled is set to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified. The migration component migrates the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to target pages and selects a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table. The migration component sets the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory and then moves the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory.1. A method, performed by a migration component, for migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled, wherein the application is associated with data stored in a set of source pages of a source local memory of the source compute sled, wherein the data comprises a respective content stored in a respective source page of the source local memory, wherein at least a portion of the data is stored in a set of target pages of a target local memory of the target compute sled when the application executes in the target compute sled after the migration of the application, wherein a memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the method comprising:
selecting a first sub-set of source pages, wherein a respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table of the source compute sled, wherein the source table indicates the respective source status of each source page, wherein the respective source status for any source page indicates that said any source page is modified or unmodified; setting a target table of the target compute sled to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is associated with the first sub-set of source pages, wherein the target table indicates a respective target status of each target page of the target local memory, wherein the respective target status for any target page indicates that said any target page is modified or unmodified; migrating the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages; selecting a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table, wherein the first sub-set of source pages is different from the second sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory, wherein the second sub-set of target pages is associated with the second sub-set of source pages, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is different from the second sub-set of target pages; and moving the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the memory is comprised in at least one of a memory sled and a virtual swap device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a further memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the further memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the method further comprising:
selecting a third sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the third sub-set is unmodified according to the source table; selecting a fourth sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the fourth sub-set is unmodified according to the source table, wherein the third sub-set of source pages is different from the fourth sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a third sub-set of target pages is allocated in the further memory, wherein the third sub-set of target pages is associated with the third sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a fourth sub-set of target pages is allocated in the target local memory, wherein the fourth sub-set of target pages is associated with the fourth sub-set of source pages; and migrating the respective content stored in the fourth sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the further memory is comprised in at least one of a further memory sled and a further virtual swap device. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the further memory is part of the memory; wherein the further memory sled is part of the memory sled; and wherein the further virtual swap device is part of the virtual swap device. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein each source page has a respective utility indication relating to at least one of access frequency, latency, and memory type, wherein a set of utility indications comprises the respective utility indication for each source page. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the selecting of the first sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the second sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the third sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; and wherein the selecting of the fourth sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an instruction from a data center managing device to migrate the application to the target compute sled. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing circuit of a migration component for migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled, wherein the application is associated with data stored in a set of source pages of a source local memory of the source compute sled, wherein the data comprises a respective content stored in a respective source page of the source local memory, wherein at least a portion of the data is stored in a set of target pages of a target local memory of the target compute sled when the application executes in the target compute sled after the migration of the application, wherein a memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, are capable of causing the migration component to perform operations comprising:
selecting a first sub-set of source pages, wherein a respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table of the source compute sled, wherein the source table indicates the respective source status of each source page, wherein the respective source status for any source page indicates that said any source page is modified or unmodified; setting a target table of the target compute sled to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is associated with the first sub-set of source pages, wherein the target table indicates a respective target status of each target page of the target local memory, wherein the respective target status for any target page indicates that said any target page is modified or unmodified; migrating the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages; selecting a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table, wherein the first sub-set of source pages is different from the second sub-set of source pages; setting the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory, wherein the second sub-set of target pages is associated with the second sub-set of source pages, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is different from the second sub-set of target pages; and moving the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. 10. (canceled) 11. A migration component configured for migrating an application executing in a source compute sled to a target compute sled, wherein the application is associated with data stored in a set of source pages of a source local memory of the source compute sled, wherein the data comprises a respective content stored in a respective source page of the source local memory, wherein at least a portion of the data is stored in a set of target pages of a target local memory of the target compute sled when the application executes in the target compute sled after the migration of the application, wherein a memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the migration component comprising:
a processing circuit; and a program memory containing instructions which, when executed by the processing circuit, cause the migration component to perform operations to:
select a first sub-set of source pages, wherein a respective source status of each source page of the first sub-set is modified according to a source table of the source compute sled, wherein the source table indicates the respective source status of each source page, wherein the respective source status for any source page indicates that said any source page is modified or unmodified;
set a target table of the target compute sled to indicate that a first sub-set of target pages are modified, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is associated with the first sub-set of source pages, wherein the target table indicates a respective target status of each target page of the target local memory, wherein the respective target status for any target page indicates that said any target page is modified or unmodified;
migrate the respective content stored in the first sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages;
select a second sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the second sub-set is modified according to the source table, wherein the first sub-set of source pages is different from the second sub-set of source pages;
set the target table to indicate that a second sub-set of target pages is allocated in the memory, wherein the second sub-set of target pages is associated with the second sub-set of source pages, wherein the first sub-set of target pages is different from the second sub-set of target pages; and
move the respective content stored in the second sub-set of source pages to the memory. 12. The migration component according to claim 11, wherein the memory is comprised in at least one of a memory sled and a virtual swap device. 13. The migration component according to claim 11, wherein a further memory is capable of supporting the migration of the application, wherein the further memory is excluded from the source and target compute sleds, the migration component further performs operations to:
select a third sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the third sub-set is unmodified according to the source table; select a fourth sub-set of source pages, wherein the respective source status of each source page of the fourth sub-set is unmodified according to the source table, wherein the third sub-set of source pages is different from the fourth sub-set of source pages; set the target table to indicate that a third sub-set of target pages is allocated in the further memory, wherein the third sub-set of target pages is associated with the third sub-set of source pages; set the target table to indicate that a fourth sub-set of target pages is allocated in the target local memory, wherein the fourth sub-set of target pages is associated with the fourth sub-set of source pages; and migrate the respective content stored in the fourth sub-set of source pages to the first sub-set of target pages. 14. The migration component according to claim 13, wherein the further memory is comprised in at least one of a further memory sled and a further virtual swap device. 15. The migration component according to claim 14, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the further memory is part of the memory; wherein the further memory sled is part of the memory sled; and wherein the further virtual swap device is part of the virtual swap device. 16. The migration component according to claim 13, wherein each source page has a respective utility indication relating to at least one of access frequency, latency, and memory type, wherein a set of utility indications comprises the respective utility indication for each source page. 17. The migration component according to claim 16, further comprising at least one of:
wherein the selecting of the first sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the second sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; wherein the selecting of the third sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications; and wherein the selecting of the fourth sub-set of source pages is based on the set of utility indications. 18. The migration component according to claim 11, wherein the migration component to receive an instruction from a data center managing device to migrate the application to the target compute sled. | 1,700 |
343,149 | 16,642,883 | 1,716 | A vacuum pump and a motor controller that make a safe transition to a regeneration mode while avoiding an overvoltage are provided. A turbo molecular pump includes a power supply unit that converts alternating-current power to direct-current power and outputs the power, the alternating-current power being obtained from an alternating-current power supply, and the motor controller that controls a motor. The motor controller includes: a motor driving circuit that drives the motor when receiving direct-current power or regenerated power; a backflow prevention diode interposed between the power supply unit and the motor driving circuit; a power-failure detection circuit that detects a primary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; a driving-voltage sensing circuit that detects a secondary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; and a motor control circuit that determines, when the primary voltage drops to a predetermined power-failure detection threshold value, whether a power failure is a primary power failure of the alternating-current power or a secondary power failure of the direct-current power based on a voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, and controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter a regeneration mode. | 1. A vacuum pump comprising:
a motor that generates regenerated power according to a rotation of a rotor during a power failure; a power supply unit that converts alternating-current power to direct-current power and outputs the direct-current power, the alternating-current power being obtained from an alternating-current power supply; and a motor controller that controls the motor, the motor controller comprising:
a motor driving circuit that drives the motor when receiving one of the direct-current power and the regenerated power;
a backflow prevention diode interposed between the power supply unit and the motor driving circuit;
a power-failure detection circuit that detects a primary voltage of the backflow prevention diode;
a driving-voltage sensing circuit that detects a secondary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; and
a motor control circuit that determines, when the primary voltage drops to a predetermined power-failure detection threshold value, whether the power failure is a primary power failure of the alternating-current power or a secondary power failure of the direct-current power based on a voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, and controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter a regeneration mode in which the motor is driven by the regenerated power. 2. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the primary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to immediately enter the regeneration mode. 3. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein if the control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after the secondary voltage drops to a predetermined regeneration-mode transition threshold value. 4. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after a lapse of a predetermined time from start of a reduction of the secondary voltage. 5. The vacuum pump according to claim 3, wherein the motor driving circuit sets a maximum value of a current command value of the regeneration mode during the secondary power failure such that the maximum value is smaller than a maximum value of a current command value during the primary power failure. 6. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit adjusts a maximum value of a current command value of the motor according to a rotational speed of the rotor at a transition to the regeneration mode. 7. A motor controller used for a vacuum pump, the motor controller comprising:
a motor driving circuit that drives a motor when receiving one of a direct-current power and a regenerated power, a backflow prevention diode interposed between a power supper unit and a motor driving circuit; a power-failure detection circuit that detects a voltage of the backflow prevention diode; a driving-voltage sensing circuit that detects a secondary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; and a motor control circuit that determines, when the prima voltage drops to a predetermined power-failure detection threshold value, whether the power failure is a primary power failure of the alternating-current power or a secondary power failure of the direct-current power based on a voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, and controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter a regeneration mode in which the motor is driven by the regenerated power. 8. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the primary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to immediately enter the regeneration mode. 9. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein if the control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after the secondary voltage drops to a predetermined regeneration-mode transition threshold value. 10. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after a lapse of a predetermined time from start of a reduction of the secondary voltage. 11. The motor controller according to claim 9, wherein the motor driving circuit sets a maximum value of a current command value of the regeneration mode during the secondary power failure such that the maximum value is smaller than a maximum value of a current command value during the primary power failure. 12. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein the motor control circuit adjusts a maximum value of a current command value of the motor according to a rotational speed of the rotor at a transition to the regeneration mode. | A vacuum pump and a motor controller that make a safe transition to a regeneration mode while avoiding an overvoltage are provided. A turbo molecular pump includes a power supply unit that converts alternating-current power to direct-current power and outputs the power, the alternating-current power being obtained from an alternating-current power supply, and the motor controller that controls a motor. The motor controller includes: a motor driving circuit that drives the motor when receiving direct-current power or regenerated power; a backflow prevention diode interposed between the power supply unit and the motor driving circuit; a power-failure detection circuit that detects a primary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; a driving-voltage sensing circuit that detects a secondary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; and a motor control circuit that determines, when the primary voltage drops to a predetermined power-failure detection threshold value, whether a power failure is a primary power failure of the alternating-current power or a secondary power failure of the direct-current power based on a voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, and controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter a regeneration mode.1. A vacuum pump comprising:
a motor that generates regenerated power according to a rotation of a rotor during a power failure; a power supply unit that converts alternating-current power to direct-current power and outputs the direct-current power, the alternating-current power being obtained from an alternating-current power supply; and a motor controller that controls the motor, the motor controller comprising:
a motor driving circuit that drives the motor when receiving one of the direct-current power and the regenerated power;
a backflow prevention diode interposed between the power supply unit and the motor driving circuit;
a power-failure detection circuit that detects a primary voltage of the backflow prevention diode;
a driving-voltage sensing circuit that detects a secondary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; and
a motor control circuit that determines, when the primary voltage drops to a predetermined power-failure detection threshold value, whether the power failure is a primary power failure of the alternating-current power or a secondary power failure of the direct-current power based on a voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, and controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter a regeneration mode in which the motor is driven by the regenerated power. 2. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the primary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to immediately enter the regeneration mode. 3. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein if the control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after the secondary voltage drops to a predetermined regeneration-mode transition threshold value. 4. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after a lapse of a predetermined time from start of a reduction of the secondary voltage. 5. The vacuum pump according to claim 3, wherein the motor driving circuit sets a maximum value of a current command value of the regeneration mode during the secondary power failure such that the maximum value is smaller than a maximum value of a current command value during the primary power failure. 6. The vacuum pump according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit adjusts a maximum value of a current command value of the motor according to a rotational speed of the rotor at a transition to the regeneration mode. 7. A motor controller used for a vacuum pump, the motor controller comprising:
a motor driving circuit that drives a motor when receiving one of a direct-current power and a regenerated power, a backflow prevention diode interposed between a power supper unit and a motor driving circuit; a power-failure detection circuit that detects a voltage of the backflow prevention diode; a driving-voltage sensing circuit that detects a secondary voltage of the backflow prevention diode; and a motor control circuit that determines, when the prima voltage drops to a predetermined power-failure detection threshold value, whether the power failure is a primary power failure of the alternating-current power or a secondary power failure of the direct-current power based on a voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, and controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter a regeneration mode in which the motor is driven by the regenerated power. 8. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the primary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to immediately enter the regeneration mode. 9. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein if the control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after the secondary voltage drops to a predetermined regeneration-mode transition threshold value. 10. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein if the motor control circuit determines that the power failure is the secondary power failure, the motor control circuit controls the motor driving circuit so as to enter the regeneration mode after a lapse of a predetermined time from start of a reduction of the secondary voltage. 11. The motor controller according to claim 9, wherein the motor driving circuit sets a maximum value of a current command value of the regeneration mode during the secondary power failure such that the maximum value is smaller than a maximum value of a current command value during the primary power failure. 12. The motor controller according to claim 7, wherein the motor control circuit adjusts a maximum value of a current command value of the motor according to a rotational speed of the rotor at a transition to the regeneration mode. | 1,700 |
343,150 | 16,802,573 | 1,716 | The present invention provides a circuit design method, wherein the circuit design method includes the steps of: generating a gate-level netlist; determining at least one specific cell within a circuit according to the gate-level netlist, wherein an output signal of the at least one specific cell is always a fixed value; and replacing at least one specific cell by a tie cell to generate an updated gate-level netlist. | 1. A circuit design method, comprising:
generating a gate-level netlist; determining at least one specific cell of a circuit according to the gate-level netlist, wherein an output signal the at least one specific cell is always a fixed value; and using a tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate an updated gate-level netlist. 2. The circuit design method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist comprises:
replacing the at least one specific cell by the tie cell, and searching for at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell, and removing the at least one redundant cell from the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist. 3. The circuit design method of claim 2, wherein the step of searching for the at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell comprises:
searching for a cell whose output terminal is floating to serve as the at least one redundant cell. 4. The circuit design method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate a determination result. 5. The circuit design method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result comprises:
using a sequential equivalent check (SEC) to determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result. 6. A computer program product for a circuit design, wherein when the computer program product is executed by a computer, the computer program product executes the steps of:
determining at least one specific cell of a circuit according to a gate-level netlist, wherein an output signal the at least one specific cell is always a fixed value; and using a tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate an updated gate-level netlist. 7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein the step of using the tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist comprises:
replacing the at least one specific cell by the tie cell, and searching for at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell, and removing the at least one redundant cell from the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist. 8. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the step of searching for the at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell comprises:
searching for a cell whose output terminal is floating to serve as the at least one redundant cell. 9. The computer program product of claim 6, further comprising:
determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate a determination result. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the step of determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result comprises:
using a sequential equivalent check (SEC) to determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result. | The present invention provides a circuit design method, wherein the circuit design method includes the steps of: generating a gate-level netlist; determining at least one specific cell within a circuit according to the gate-level netlist, wherein an output signal of the at least one specific cell is always a fixed value; and replacing at least one specific cell by a tie cell to generate an updated gate-level netlist.1. A circuit design method, comprising:
generating a gate-level netlist; determining at least one specific cell of a circuit according to the gate-level netlist, wherein an output signal the at least one specific cell is always a fixed value; and using a tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate an updated gate-level netlist. 2. The circuit design method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist comprises:
replacing the at least one specific cell by the tie cell, and searching for at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell, and removing the at least one redundant cell from the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist. 3. The circuit design method of claim 2, wherein the step of searching for the at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell comprises:
searching for a cell whose output terminal is floating to serve as the at least one redundant cell. 4. The circuit design method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate a determination result. 5. The circuit design method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result comprises:
using a sequential equivalent check (SEC) to determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result. 6. A computer program product for a circuit design, wherein when the computer program product is executed by a computer, the computer program product executes the steps of:
determining at least one specific cell of a circuit according to a gate-level netlist, wherein an output signal the at least one specific cell is always a fixed value; and using a tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate an updated gate-level netlist. 7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein the step of using the tie cell to replace the at least one specific cell of the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist comprises:
replacing the at least one specific cell by the tie cell, and searching for at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell, and removing the at least one redundant cell from the circuit to generate the updated gate-level netlist. 8. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the step of searching for the at least one redundant cell after the at least one specific cell is replaced by the tie cell comprises:
searching for a cell whose output terminal is floating to serve as the at least one redundant cell. 9. The computer program product of claim 6, further comprising:
determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate a determination result. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the step of determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result comprises:
using a sequential equivalent check (SEC) to determining if the gate-level netlist and the updated gate-level netlist have the same functions or not to generate the determination result. | 1,700 |
343,151 | 16,802,566 | 1,716 | A voltage selection circuit includes a main selection unit, a first re-comparison unit, and a second re-comparison unit. The main selection unit has a first voltage terminal for receiving a first variable voltage, a second voltage terminal for receiving a second variable voltage, and an output terminal for outputting a greater one of the first variable voltage and the second variable voltage as an operation voltage. The first re-comparison unit adjusts the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the first variable voltage, and the second re-comparison unit adjusts the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the second variable voltage. | 1. A power switch circuit comprising:
an output terminal configured to output an output voltage; a voltage selection circuit comprising:
a main selection unit having a first voltage terminal configured to receive a first variable voltage, a second voltage terminal configured to receive a second variable voltage, and an output terminal configured to output a greater one of the first variable voltage and the second variable voltage as an operation voltage;
a first re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the first variable voltage; and
a second re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the second variable voltage;
a level shift circuit coupled to the voltage selection circuit, and configured to output a control signal according to the first input signal; and a transistor having a first terminal configured to receive the first variable voltage or the second variable voltage, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the power switch circuit, and a control terminal coupled to the level shift circuit for receiving the control signal. 2. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the first variable voltage is generated by a charge pump; and after the charge pump is enabled, the first variable voltage is increased from being smaller than the second variable voltage to being greater than the second variable voltage. 3. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the main selection unit comprises:
a first P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit; and a second P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 4. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the first re-comparison unit comprises:
a third P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 5. The power switch circuit of claim 4, wherein the first re-comparison unit further comprises:
a fourth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 6. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the second re-comparison unit comprises:
a fifth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 7. The power switch circuit of claim 6, wherein the second re-comparison unit further comprises:
a sixth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 8. A voltage selection circuit comprising:
a main selection unit having a first voltage terminal configured to receive a first variable voltage, a second voltage terminal configured to receive a second variable voltage, and an output terminal configured to output a greater one of the first variable voltage and the second variable voltage as an operation voltage; a first re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the first variable voltage; and a second re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the second variable voltage. 9. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the first variable voltage is generated by a charge pump; and after the charge pump is enabled, the first variable voltage is increased from being smaller than the second variable voltage to being greater than the second variable voltage. 10. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein the main selection unit comprises:
a first P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit; and a second P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 11. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein the first re-comparison unit comprises:
a third P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 12. The voltage selection circuit of claim 11, wherein the first re-comparison unit further comprises:
a fourth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 13. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein the second re-comparison unit comprises:
a fifth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 14. The voltage selection circuit of claim 13, wherein the second re-comparison unit further comprises:
a sixth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. | A voltage selection circuit includes a main selection unit, a first re-comparison unit, and a second re-comparison unit. The main selection unit has a first voltage terminal for receiving a first variable voltage, a second voltage terminal for receiving a second variable voltage, and an output terminal for outputting a greater one of the first variable voltage and the second variable voltage as an operation voltage. The first re-comparison unit adjusts the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the first variable voltage, and the second re-comparison unit adjusts the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the second variable voltage.1. A power switch circuit comprising:
an output terminal configured to output an output voltage; a voltage selection circuit comprising:
a main selection unit having a first voltage terminal configured to receive a first variable voltage, a second voltage terminal configured to receive a second variable voltage, and an output terminal configured to output a greater one of the first variable voltage and the second variable voltage as an operation voltage;
a first re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the first variable voltage; and
a second re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the second variable voltage;
a level shift circuit coupled to the voltage selection circuit, and configured to output a control signal according to the first input signal; and a transistor having a first terminal configured to receive the first variable voltage or the second variable voltage, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the power switch circuit, and a control terminal coupled to the level shift circuit for receiving the control signal. 2. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the first variable voltage is generated by a charge pump; and after the charge pump is enabled, the first variable voltage is increased from being smaller than the second variable voltage to being greater than the second variable voltage. 3. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the main selection unit comprises:
a first P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit; and a second P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 4. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the first re-comparison unit comprises:
a third P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 5. The power switch circuit of claim 4, wherein the first re-comparison unit further comprises:
a fourth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 6. The power switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the second re-comparison unit comprises:
a fifth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 7. The power switch circuit of claim 6, wherein the second re-comparison unit further comprises:
a sixth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 8. A voltage selection circuit comprising:
a main selection unit having a first voltage terminal configured to receive a first variable voltage, a second voltage terminal configured to receive a second variable voltage, and an output terminal configured to output a greater one of the first variable voltage and the second variable voltage as an operation voltage; a first re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the first variable voltage; and a second re-comparison unit configured to adjust the operation voltage according to a greater one of the operation voltage and the second variable voltage. 9. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the first variable voltage is generated by a charge pump; and after the charge pump is enabled, the first variable voltage is increased from being smaller than the second variable voltage to being greater than the second variable voltage. 10. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein the main selection unit comprises:
a first P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit; and a second P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 11. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein the first re-comparison unit comprises:
a third P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 12. The voltage selection circuit of claim 11, wherein the first re-comparison unit further comprises:
a fourth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. 13. The voltage selection circuit of claim 8, wherein the second re-comparison unit comprises:
a fifth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second voltage terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit. 14. The voltage selection circuit of claim 13, wherein the second re-comparison unit further comprises:
a sixth P-type transistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, a second terminal coupled to the output terminal of the main selection unit, and a control terminal coupled to the first voltage terminal of the main selection unit. | 1,700 |
343,152 | 16,802,564 | 1,716 | A method of forming a gate includes the following steps. A gate structure is formed on a substrate. An etch stop layer is formed on the gate structure and the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed to cover the etch stop layer. The dielectric layer is planarized to form a planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and expose a portion of the etch stop layer on the gate structure. An oxygen containing treatment is performed to form an oxygen containing layer on the exposed etch stop layer. A deposition process is performed to form an oxide layer covering the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxygen containing layer. | 1. A method of forming a gate, comprising:
forming a gate structure on a substrate; forming an etch stop layer on the gate structure and the substrate; forming a dielectric layer covering the etch stop layer; planarizing the dielectric layer to form a planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and expose a portion of the etch stop layer on the gate structure; performing an oxygen containing treatment to form an oxygen containing layer on the exposed etch stop layer; and performing a deposition process to form an oxide layer covering the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxygen containing layer. 2. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, further comprising:
planarizing the oxide layer and the oxygen containing layer until the dielectric layer being exposed. 3. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the etch stop layer comprises a silicon nitride layer. 4. The method of forming a gate according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen containing layer comprises a silicon oxynitride layer. 5. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen containing treatment comprises an 0 2 treatment or an oxygen plasma treatment. 6. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the deposition process comprises an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. 7. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxide layer have voids, and the voids of the oxide layer are smaller than the voids of the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer. 8. The method of forming a gate according to claim 2, wherein methods of planarizing the oxide layer and the oxygen containing layer comprise performing an etching process or a polishing process. 9. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the etching process comprises a dry etching process or a wet etching process. 10. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the polishing process comprises a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. 11. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the etching rate of the etching process to the etch stop layer, the oxygen containing layer and the oxide layer is the same. 12. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the etching rate of the polishing process to the etch stop layer, the oxygen containing layer and the oxide layer is the same. 13. The method of forming a gate according to claim 2, wherein the gate structure comprises a dummy gate, and a method of forming the gate structure further comprises:
performing a removing process to remove a part of the etch stop layer right above the dummy gate and the dummy gate. 14. The method of forming a gate according to claim 13, wherein the removing process comprises a first removing process and a second removing process. 15. The method of forming a gate according to claim 14, wherein the first removing process is performed to remove the part of the etch stop layer right above the dummy gate and a top part of the dummy gate. 16. The method of forming a gate according to claim 15, wherein the second removing process is performed to remove a remaining part of the dummy gate, thereby forming a recess in the dielectric layer. 17. The method of forming a gate according to claim 16, further comprising:
forming a metal gate in the recess. 18. The method of forming a gate according to claim 7, wherein a height of the oxide layer is larger than heights of the voids of the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer. | A method of forming a gate includes the following steps. A gate structure is formed on a substrate. An etch stop layer is formed on the gate structure and the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed to cover the etch stop layer. The dielectric layer is planarized to form a planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and expose a portion of the etch stop layer on the gate structure. An oxygen containing treatment is performed to form an oxygen containing layer on the exposed etch stop layer. A deposition process is performed to form an oxide layer covering the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxygen containing layer.1. A method of forming a gate, comprising:
forming a gate structure on a substrate; forming an etch stop layer on the gate structure and the substrate; forming a dielectric layer covering the etch stop layer; planarizing the dielectric layer to form a planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and expose a portion of the etch stop layer on the gate structure; performing an oxygen containing treatment to form an oxygen containing layer on the exposed etch stop layer; and performing a deposition process to form an oxide layer covering the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxygen containing layer. 2. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, further comprising:
planarizing the oxide layer and the oxygen containing layer until the dielectric layer being exposed. 3. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the etch stop layer comprises a silicon nitride layer. 4. The method of forming a gate according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen containing layer comprises a silicon oxynitride layer. 5. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen containing treatment comprises an 0 2 treatment or an oxygen plasma treatment. 6. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the deposition process comprises an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. 7. The method of forming a gate according to claim 1, wherein the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxide layer have voids, and the voids of the oxide layer are smaller than the voids of the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer. 8. The method of forming a gate according to claim 2, wherein methods of planarizing the oxide layer and the oxygen containing layer comprise performing an etching process or a polishing process. 9. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the etching process comprises a dry etching process or a wet etching process. 10. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the polishing process comprises a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. 11. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the etching rate of the etching process to the etch stop layer, the oxygen containing layer and the oxide layer is the same. 12. The method of forming a gate according to claim 8, wherein the etching rate of the polishing process to the etch stop layer, the oxygen containing layer and the oxide layer is the same. 13. The method of forming a gate according to claim 2, wherein the gate structure comprises a dummy gate, and a method of forming the gate structure further comprises:
performing a removing process to remove a part of the etch stop layer right above the dummy gate and the dummy gate. 14. The method of forming a gate according to claim 13, wherein the removing process comprises a first removing process and a second removing process. 15. The method of forming a gate according to claim 14, wherein the first removing process is performed to remove the part of the etch stop layer right above the dummy gate and a top part of the dummy gate. 16. The method of forming a gate according to claim 15, wherein the second removing process is performed to remove a remaining part of the dummy gate, thereby forming a recess in the dielectric layer. 17. The method of forming a gate according to claim 16, further comprising:
forming a metal gate in the recess. 18. The method of forming a gate according to claim 7, wherein a height of the oxide layer is larger than heights of the voids of the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer. | 1,700 |
343,153 | 16,802,575 | 3,622 | The self-profiling method and system for use of security programs based on antivirus protection or operating system for digital marketing allows direct access and direct advertising delivery to the user's personal computer or the smart portable device through the security program or operating system. Using security program or operating system, which regularly intercepts data on the user device, a special Agent Module performs analysis of user actions and interests and creates a Dynamic user profile in the process named Self-profiling. Comparing the local Dynamic User profile against Desired profile proposed by Advertiser the Agent Module selects and downloads the promotional content. Finally, Agent Module displays selected advertising content either independently, either through another applications or by inserting advertisement into regularly downloaded web content which is then presented to the user in web browser. | 1. A Self-profiling method for use of security programs or operating systems in digital marketing, wherein the function of advertisement selection is placed in the local computer, such that local consumer computer equipped by Agent Module, which is attached to security program or operating system, collects and analyzes all user-related information relevant for marketing and targeting, in order to make Dynamic consumer profile of local user, and after comparation of the Dynamic consumer profile against Desired consumer profiles from the List of desired consumer profiles, created by remote Advertisers and received from remote servers, and after local price bidding process, identifies the most appropriate advertisements from proposed set to download and display to the local user. 2. A method of claim 1, wherein Dynamic consumer profile, containing marketing-relevant information about individual local consumer and placed in local file or database, never leaves local consumer computer, thus protecting consumer privacy. 3. A method of claim 1, wherein both Dynamic consumer profile and Desired consumer profile, are structures of data relevant for marketing and targeting in advertising, with the following correspondent fields:
Psychographic data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired psychographic data from Desired consumer profile; Demographic data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired demographic data from Desired consumer profile; Geographic location data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired geographic location data from Desired consumer profile; Behavioral data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired behavioral data from Desired consumer profile; Data about Personal interests from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to data about Desired personal interests from Desired consumer profile; Miscellaneous personal data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Miscellaneous desired personal data from Desired consumer profile; History of behavior on the Internet from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired history of behavior on the Internet from Desired consumer profile; 4. A Self-profiling system for use of Security programs or operating systems in digital marketing, comprising:
Advertising server, a software installed on remote location, comprising:
Front-end user interface, used by Advertisers to upload advertisements to Advertising server, set Desired consumer profiles and read reports;
Back-end functions, used for assembling List of desired consumer profiles from individual Desired consumer profiles received from Front-end user interface, delivering the List of desired consumer profiles to consumer Agent modules, storing base of advertisement data and advertisements, billing system and system management;
Agent Module, a software attached to Security program or operating system of the local consumer computers, comprising:
Self-profiling function, comprising:
Function Analyzing intercepted data, which analyzes data received from external sources, such as Internet, and from user activities on the local computer, in order to identify user behavior, personality traits, habits, visited web sites and activities, which are all necessary inputs for Dynamic consumer profile maintenance function;
Function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance, which means creation and regular updating of the Dynamic consumer profile of local user;
Function Receiving intercepted data, which retrieves incoming web traffic or local user actions on computer, intercepted by Security program or operating system, and deliver copies of intercepted data to Agent Module's Self-profiling function for analyzing;
Desired profiles list download function, which retrieves a List of desired consumer profiles, sent from Advertising server;
Profiles comparation function, which compares local Dynamic consumer profile against every single Desired consumer profile from the List of desired consumer profiles, resulting either an identified profile for immediate advertisement displaying, or a set of candidate profiles, which are forwarded to Local bidding function;
Local bidding function, which uses data from Offered price and other data necessary for bidding field of Desired consumers profile from the set of candidate profiles and according the offered prices for display of advertisement associated with each profile from the set of candidate Desired consumer profiles, identifies the most appropriate ones to display to the local user;
Advertisement download function, which receives advertisements either directly from Advertising servers, indirectly from Security program or indirectly from operating system, while download can be done either simultaneously with List of desired profiles download or separately;
Function Advertisement display to the local user, uses Displaying instruction from Desired consumer profile to identify how Advertisers want their advertisement to be displayed, either immediately after profiles comparation and advertisement download, or after bidding and advertisement download, in one of three ways:
using independent graphical windows on the computer screen or display opened by Agent Module itself;
using graphical function of Security program or some other applications capable to display advertising content;
using insertion into intercepted web content before the content is delivered to web browser;
personal consumer computers and smart mobile devices connected to the Internet; consumer client software, which can be Security program, operating system or some other application installed on personal computers or smart mobile devices, with capabilities to intercept incoming and outgoing data traffic, user actions on local personal computers and other smart devices where the software is installed, as well as capabilities for displaying advertisement on computer or smart mobile device screen or display. 5. A system of claim 4, wherein advertisement displaying using insertion into web content intercepted by Security program or operating system and forwarded to the Agent Module before delivering to the web browser, can be done in two ways:
as forced insertion, which means that Agent Module decides whether and where to insert advertisement into intercepted original web content; as a local Agent Module's advertisement insertion according to special tag, written in advance in original incoming web content, which pre-defines the impression location and other displaying characteristics, while Agent Module just makes the Advertisement selection and insert advertisement according to tag instructions. 6. A system of claim 4, wherein the function Analyzing intercepted data:
retrieves web content data intercepted by Security program; retrieves web content data intercepted by operating system retrieves data about local user actions on local computer, intercepted by Security program; retrieves data about local user actions on local computer, intercepted by operating system; analyzes and processes retrieved data and prepares information for the function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance. 7. A system of claim 4, wherein function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance initially has no Dynamic consumer profile, which is created by Questionnaire about consumer's personality traits and interests, that is filled by consumer;
After initial Dynamic consumer profile filling the function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance regularly retrieves processed information from the function Analyzing intercepted data and updates or modifies the Dynamic consumer profile. | The self-profiling method and system for use of security programs based on antivirus protection or operating system for digital marketing allows direct access and direct advertising delivery to the user's personal computer or the smart portable device through the security program or operating system. Using security program or operating system, which regularly intercepts data on the user device, a special Agent Module performs analysis of user actions and interests and creates a Dynamic user profile in the process named Self-profiling. Comparing the local Dynamic User profile against Desired profile proposed by Advertiser the Agent Module selects and downloads the promotional content. Finally, Agent Module displays selected advertising content either independently, either through another applications or by inserting advertisement into regularly downloaded web content which is then presented to the user in web browser.1. A Self-profiling method for use of security programs or operating systems in digital marketing, wherein the function of advertisement selection is placed in the local computer, such that local consumer computer equipped by Agent Module, which is attached to security program or operating system, collects and analyzes all user-related information relevant for marketing and targeting, in order to make Dynamic consumer profile of local user, and after comparation of the Dynamic consumer profile against Desired consumer profiles from the List of desired consumer profiles, created by remote Advertisers and received from remote servers, and after local price bidding process, identifies the most appropriate advertisements from proposed set to download and display to the local user. 2. A method of claim 1, wherein Dynamic consumer profile, containing marketing-relevant information about individual local consumer and placed in local file or database, never leaves local consumer computer, thus protecting consumer privacy. 3. A method of claim 1, wherein both Dynamic consumer profile and Desired consumer profile, are structures of data relevant for marketing and targeting in advertising, with the following correspondent fields:
Psychographic data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired psychographic data from Desired consumer profile; Demographic data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired demographic data from Desired consumer profile; Geographic location data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired geographic location data from Desired consumer profile; Behavioral data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired behavioral data from Desired consumer profile; Data about Personal interests from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to data about Desired personal interests from Desired consumer profile; Miscellaneous personal data from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Miscellaneous desired personal data from Desired consumer profile; History of behavior on the Internet from Dynamic consumer profile correspond in data type and structure to Desired history of behavior on the Internet from Desired consumer profile; 4. A Self-profiling system for use of Security programs or operating systems in digital marketing, comprising:
Advertising server, a software installed on remote location, comprising:
Front-end user interface, used by Advertisers to upload advertisements to Advertising server, set Desired consumer profiles and read reports;
Back-end functions, used for assembling List of desired consumer profiles from individual Desired consumer profiles received from Front-end user interface, delivering the List of desired consumer profiles to consumer Agent modules, storing base of advertisement data and advertisements, billing system and system management;
Agent Module, a software attached to Security program or operating system of the local consumer computers, comprising:
Self-profiling function, comprising:
Function Analyzing intercepted data, which analyzes data received from external sources, such as Internet, and from user activities on the local computer, in order to identify user behavior, personality traits, habits, visited web sites and activities, which are all necessary inputs for Dynamic consumer profile maintenance function;
Function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance, which means creation and regular updating of the Dynamic consumer profile of local user;
Function Receiving intercepted data, which retrieves incoming web traffic or local user actions on computer, intercepted by Security program or operating system, and deliver copies of intercepted data to Agent Module's Self-profiling function for analyzing;
Desired profiles list download function, which retrieves a List of desired consumer profiles, sent from Advertising server;
Profiles comparation function, which compares local Dynamic consumer profile against every single Desired consumer profile from the List of desired consumer profiles, resulting either an identified profile for immediate advertisement displaying, or a set of candidate profiles, which are forwarded to Local bidding function;
Local bidding function, which uses data from Offered price and other data necessary for bidding field of Desired consumers profile from the set of candidate profiles and according the offered prices for display of advertisement associated with each profile from the set of candidate Desired consumer profiles, identifies the most appropriate ones to display to the local user;
Advertisement download function, which receives advertisements either directly from Advertising servers, indirectly from Security program or indirectly from operating system, while download can be done either simultaneously with List of desired profiles download or separately;
Function Advertisement display to the local user, uses Displaying instruction from Desired consumer profile to identify how Advertisers want their advertisement to be displayed, either immediately after profiles comparation and advertisement download, or after bidding and advertisement download, in one of three ways:
using independent graphical windows on the computer screen or display opened by Agent Module itself;
using graphical function of Security program or some other applications capable to display advertising content;
using insertion into intercepted web content before the content is delivered to web browser;
personal consumer computers and smart mobile devices connected to the Internet; consumer client software, which can be Security program, operating system or some other application installed on personal computers or smart mobile devices, with capabilities to intercept incoming and outgoing data traffic, user actions on local personal computers and other smart devices where the software is installed, as well as capabilities for displaying advertisement on computer or smart mobile device screen or display. 5. A system of claim 4, wherein advertisement displaying using insertion into web content intercepted by Security program or operating system and forwarded to the Agent Module before delivering to the web browser, can be done in two ways:
as forced insertion, which means that Agent Module decides whether and where to insert advertisement into intercepted original web content; as a local Agent Module's advertisement insertion according to special tag, written in advance in original incoming web content, which pre-defines the impression location and other displaying characteristics, while Agent Module just makes the Advertisement selection and insert advertisement according to tag instructions. 6. A system of claim 4, wherein the function Analyzing intercepted data:
retrieves web content data intercepted by Security program; retrieves web content data intercepted by operating system retrieves data about local user actions on local computer, intercepted by Security program; retrieves data about local user actions on local computer, intercepted by operating system; analyzes and processes retrieved data and prepares information for the function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance. 7. A system of claim 4, wherein function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance initially has no Dynamic consumer profile, which is created by Questionnaire about consumer's personality traits and interests, that is filled by consumer;
After initial Dynamic consumer profile filling the function Dynamic consumer profile maintenance regularly retrieves processed information from the function Analyzing intercepted data and updates or modifies the Dynamic consumer profile. | 3,600 |
343,154 | 16,642,891 | 3,622 | A display device is provided. The display device includes a backplane, a board, a first fastener arranged on the backplane, and a second fastener arranged on the board. The first fastener is in snap-fit connection with the second fastener. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a backplane; a board; a first fastener, arranged on the backplane; and a second fastener, arranged on the board, wherein the first fastener is in snap-fit connection with the second fastener. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first fastener is in detachable snap-fit connection with the second fastener. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first fastener comprises a plurality of slots provided on the backplane, the second fastener comprises a plurality of hooks provided on the board, and the hooks are snapped into the slots. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the backplane comprises a mounting surface for mounting the board, a convex plate is arranged on the mounting surface, a cavity is provided inside the convex plate, the convex plate comprises a top plate and a side surface surrounding the top plate peripherally, and the slots each comprise an opening arranged on the side surface and leading to the cavity. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the convex plate and the backplane are provided integrally. 6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the opening of each slot comprises a first edge located on a side proximate to the top plate and a second edge opposite to the first edge, and a folded edge is provided at the second edge; the folded edge is integrally connected with the side surface, and is bent into the cavity; and the folded edge cooperates with the top plate to limit a position of the a respective hook in a first direction perpendicular to the mounting surface. 7. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
a limiting block is protrudingly provided on the top plate; a limiting hole cooperating with the limiting block is provided on the board, and the limiting hole is located on one side of a respective hook; the limiting block is placed in the limiting hole; and the limiting block cooperates with the limiting hole to limit a position of the board in a direction parallel to the mounting surface. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein
the limiting hole is an elongated hole extending in a second direction parallel to the mounting surface, and the elongated hole comprises a first end and a second end opposite to each other; and the limiting block comprises a first limiting block and a second limiting block spaced apart in the second direction, the first limiting block is located at the first end, and the second limiting block is located at the second end. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein
an inner edge of the first end of the elongated hole is curved, and an inner edge of the second end of the elongated hole is rectilinear; and the first limiting block has a curved surface that matches in shape with the inner edge of the first end of the elongated hole, and the second limiting block has a flat surface that matches in shape with the inner edge of the second end of the elongated hole. 10. The display device according to claim 6, wherein
the respective hook comprises an elastic sheet structure, the elastic sheet structure comprises a first part and a second part, and the first part is connected to the board, the second part is formed by bending and extending a side of the first part that is away from the board, and the elastic sheet structure is in snap-fit connection with the opening. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic sheet structure and the board are of an integral structure, and the elastic sheet structure is formed by depressing the board toward the backplane. 12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the elastic sheet structure is V-shaped. 13. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic sheet structure further comprises a third part, the third part is formed by bending and extending a side of the second part that is away from the first part, a joint between the first part and the second part abuts against the folded edge, and the third part abuts against the top plate. 14. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the top plate is provided, at a position corresponding to the opening, with a through hole leading to the cavity. | A display device is provided. The display device includes a backplane, a board, a first fastener arranged on the backplane, and a second fastener arranged on the board. The first fastener is in snap-fit connection with the second fastener.1. A display device, comprising:
a backplane; a board; a first fastener, arranged on the backplane; and a second fastener, arranged on the board, wherein the first fastener is in snap-fit connection with the second fastener. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first fastener is in detachable snap-fit connection with the second fastener. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first fastener comprises a plurality of slots provided on the backplane, the second fastener comprises a plurality of hooks provided on the board, and the hooks are snapped into the slots. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the backplane comprises a mounting surface for mounting the board, a convex plate is arranged on the mounting surface, a cavity is provided inside the convex plate, the convex plate comprises a top plate and a side surface surrounding the top plate peripherally, and the slots each comprise an opening arranged on the side surface and leading to the cavity. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the convex plate and the backplane are provided integrally. 6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the opening of each slot comprises a first edge located on a side proximate to the top plate and a second edge opposite to the first edge, and a folded edge is provided at the second edge; the folded edge is integrally connected with the side surface, and is bent into the cavity; and the folded edge cooperates with the top plate to limit a position of the a respective hook in a first direction perpendicular to the mounting surface. 7. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
a limiting block is protrudingly provided on the top plate; a limiting hole cooperating with the limiting block is provided on the board, and the limiting hole is located on one side of a respective hook; the limiting block is placed in the limiting hole; and the limiting block cooperates with the limiting hole to limit a position of the board in a direction parallel to the mounting surface. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein
the limiting hole is an elongated hole extending in a second direction parallel to the mounting surface, and the elongated hole comprises a first end and a second end opposite to each other; and the limiting block comprises a first limiting block and a second limiting block spaced apart in the second direction, the first limiting block is located at the first end, and the second limiting block is located at the second end. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein
an inner edge of the first end of the elongated hole is curved, and an inner edge of the second end of the elongated hole is rectilinear; and the first limiting block has a curved surface that matches in shape with the inner edge of the first end of the elongated hole, and the second limiting block has a flat surface that matches in shape with the inner edge of the second end of the elongated hole. 10. The display device according to claim 6, wherein
the respective hook comprises an elastic sheet structure, the elastic sheet structure comprises a first part and a second part, and the first part is connected to the board, the second part is formed by bending and extending a side of the first part that is away from the board, and the elastic sheet structure is in snap-fit connection with the opening. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic sheet structure and the board are of an integral structure, and the elastic sheet structure is formed by depressing the board toward the backplane. 12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the elastic sheet structure is V-shaped. 13. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the elastic sheet structure further comprises a third part, the third part is formed by bending and extending a side of the second part that is away from the first part, a joint between the first part and the second part abuts against the folded edge, and the third part abuts against the top plate. 14. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the top plate is provided, at a position corresponding to the opening, with a through hole leading to the cavity. | 3,600 |
343,155 | 16,802,585 | 3,622 | A drone docking port (DDP) preferably mounted on a pole and having an openable and closable convertible top (CT), a docking plate having integrated battery wired or wireless recharging pads, and a control module. The control module (CM) is adapted to preferably autonomously control all functions of the DDP including actuation of the CT and relay of video, audio, and flight control information between the CM and a central monitoring center and/or emergency personnel. The DDP is preferable positioned in close proximity to an intended monitoring site. When the CT is in an open position, a drone may initiate flight from the DDP and when a drone flight is completed and a drone has re-docked therein, the CT may be closed to protect the drone docked therein from external weather. The DDP may further include Electro-Optical/Infra-Red (EO/IR) cameras and sensors to detect disruptive or other predetermined behavior. | 1. A DDP comprising a housing having an inner cavity, an openable and closable top having a plurality of slidable members, a docking base, and a drone, wherein the docking base is affixed within the housing and the drone is deployable mounted on the docking base, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the top is in a closed position, the housing substantially seals out environment external to the DDP, and wherein when the top is in an open position, the drone is exposed so as to be able to launch. 2. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the drone includes at least one battery, and wherein when the drone is mounted on the docking base, the at least one battery is automatically charged by at least one of a wired battery charger and a wireless battery charger. 3. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the DDP is mounted on a top of a pole in near proximity to a target monitoring site. 4. The DDP of claim 1, wherein in response to a predetermined signal, the top automatically opens and the drone automatically flies to a target monitoring site. 5. The DDP of claim 4, wherein when the drone is at the target monitoring site, the drone performs at least one of the functions of recording video data of the target monitoring site, recording audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting video data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data to the target monitoring site, directing traffic at the target monitoring site, providing a warning at the target monitoring site, illuminating the target monitoring site, and creating a light beacon over the target monitoring site. 6. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the docking base is adapted to receive drones of a plurality of shapes and sizes, and wherein the docking base is adapted to house a plurality of drones simultaneously, and wherein the docking base includes at least one target thereon and is adapted so as to automatically guide landing of a drone to the at least one target. 7. The DDP of claim 6, wherein the drone includes at least one landing foot and the docking base is adapted to receive the least one landing foot, and when the at least one foot is positioned on the at least one target, the at least one foot is automatically and releasably secured to the docking base. 8. The DDP of claim 7, when the securement of the at least one drone foot is adapted such that the drone will not dislodge in response to a predetermined wind load. 9. The DDP of claim 8, wherein the at least one foot includes a camera affixed thereto and positioned such that the foot affixed camera is adapted to perform at least one of record and transmit video at the target monitoring site and automatically guide the drone landing foot to the at least one target. 10. The DDP of claim 1, wherein each member of the plurality of slidable members have at least one seal mounted thereon and are adapted such that closure of the openable and closable top is achieved by sliding the members into a closed positioned such that a landed drone is enclosed therein and such that the seals seal the inner cavity from an external environment. 11. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the DDP functionally includes at least one of an electric motor, a back-up battery, a solar panel, an air conditioner, a heater, an anemometer, a temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and a barometer. 12. A DDP comprising a housing having an inner cavity, an openable and closable top having a plurality of slidable members, a drone having a landing gear shroud, a docking base adapted to receive the a drone, and at least one battery, wherein the docking base is affixed within the housing and the drone is deployably mounted on the docking base, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the openable and closable top is in a closed position, the housing substantially seals out environment external to the DDP, and wherein when the openable and closable top is in an open position, the drone is exposed so as to be able to launch, and wherein when the drone is mounted on the docking base, the at least one battery is automatically charged by at least one of a wired battery charger and a wireless battery charger. 13. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the DDP is mounted on a top of a pole in near proximity to a target monitoring site, and wherein in response to a predetermined signal, the top automatically opens and the drone automatically flies to a target monitoring site. 14. The DDP of claim 13, wherein when the drone is at the target monitoring site, the drone performs at least one of the functions of recording video data of the target monitoring site, recording audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting video data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data to the target monitoring site, directing traffic at the target monitoring site, providing a warning at the target monitoring site, illuminating the target monitoring site, and creating a light beacon over the target monitoring site. 15. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the docking base includes at least one target thereon and wherein the drone includes at least one landing foot, and wherein the DDP is adapted so as to automatically guide the drone landing foot to the at least one target, and wherein when the at least one foot is positioned on the at least one target, the at least one foot is automatically and releasably secured to the docking base such that drone will not dislodge in response to a predetermined wind load. 16. The DDP of claim 15, wherein the at least one foot includes a camera affixed thereto and positioned such that the foot affixed camera is adapted to perform at least one of record and transmit video at the target monitoring site and automatically guide the drone landing foot to the at least one target. 17. The DDP of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of slidable members have at least one seal mounted thereon and are adapted such that closure of the openable and closable top is achieved by sliding the members into a closed positioned such that the seals seal the inner cavity from an external environment. 18. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the drone landing gear shroud comprises of a plurality of side panels and a bottom panel surrounding the landing gear and having a plurality of multicolor LED lights affixed thereto, wherein the multicolor LED lights include at least one of a green color, a yellow color, a red color and a white color, and wherein the LED lights are adapted to provide guidance to traffic at a target monitoring site, and wherein intensity of the multicolor LED lights is adapted to vary so as to be visible during daytime and nighttime from a distance of at least 800 feet therefrom, and wherein the white color LED light is adapted to illuminate a target monitoring site with overhead lighting during nighttime. 19. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the drone landing gear shroud comprises a plurality of cameras affixed to the side panels and the bottom panel, and wherein the cameras include a video processing unit and an artificial intelligence module adapted to process video data at a target monitoring site so as to aid in drone navigation and to detect at least one of a predetermined pattern and a predetermined object. 20. A DDP for use in providing a docking port for an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) enabled to automatically perform takeoff, mission accomplishment, landing, and post-landing battery recharging, the DDP comprising an enclosure having a lower portion and an upper portion, a control module, a battery pack, and a battery charger, the enclosure lower portion forming at least one of a hemispherical shape, a semi-ovoidial shape, a cubic shape, a modification of a hemispherical shape, a modification of a semi-ovoidial shape, a modification of a cubic shape, and a combination thereof, and wherein the enclosure lower portion includes the control module, battery pack, and battery charger functionally mounted therein, the enclosure upper portion forming at least one of a hemispherical shape, a semi-ovoidial shape, a cubic shape, a modification of a hemispherical shape, a modification of a semi-ovoidial shape, a modification of a cubic shape, and a combination thereof, the enclosure upper portion further comprising a convertible enclosure upper portion having plurality of enclosure upper portion members, each enclosure upper portion member having a leading edge and a trailing edge, each leading edge having a “T” shaped member protruding at substantially 90 degrees therefrom, and each trailing edge having a weather strip affixed thereto, and wherein the enclosure includes at least one motor connected thereto, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the motor actuates to move the convertible enclosure upper portion from an open position to a closed position, the motor causes a first enclosure upper portion member to rotate and the rotational movement of the first enclosure upper portion member causes each subsequent enclosure upper portion member to follow until the enclosure upper portion is closed with the weather strips being in a compressed weather sealing state and a DDP inner cavity being formed thereby and being substantially sealed from an external weather environment, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the motor actuates to move the convertible enclosure upper portion from a closed position to an open position, the motor causes a first enclosure upper portion member to rotate and the rotational movement of the first enclosure upper portion member causes each subsequent enclosure upper portion member to follow until the enclosure upper portion is opened with the weather strips being in an compressed non-weather sealing state and the DDP being in a drone receivable and drone launchable state, and wherein opening the enclosure upper portion from a closed state occurs within 10 seconds, and wherein closing the enclosure upper portion from an open state occurs within 10 seconds, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that the enclosure upper portion is automatically positioned between a closed state and a fully opened state to a mid-state such that substantial weather protection is provided while also allowing the DDP inner cavity temperature to equalize with the DDP proximate external temperature, and wherein a degree of opening of such mid-state is automatically proportionate to the DDP proximate external temperature, 21. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP includes a drone launchably and dockably retained therein. 22. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP includes a drone docking plate mounted therein and having at least one charging pad thereon, the drone docking plate being adapted such that when drone contacts the at least one charging pad, at least one of wired charging and wireless charging of the drone is initiated. 23. The DDP of claim 22, wherein the drone docking plate comprises at least one of metal, plastic, fiberglass, and a combination thereof, and wherein the drone docking plate is formed in at least one of a circular shape, an oval shape, and a rectangular shape, and wherein the drone docking plate includes a plurality of charging pads, and wherein the drone docking plate automatically temporarily restrains a drone to the docking plate while a drone is charging from the docking plate. 24. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP is mounted on an elevated elongate structure in near proximity to a target monitoring site. 25. The DDP of claim 21, wherein in response to a predetermined signal, the enclosure upper portion automatically opens and the drone automatically flies to a target monitoring site. 26. The DDP of claim 25, wherein when the drone is at the target monitoring site, the drone performs at least one of the functions of recording video data of the target monitoring site, recording audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting video data of the target monitoring site to a central monitoring station, transmitting audio data of the target monitoring site to a central monitoring station, receiving audio data from a central monitoring center, receiving non-audio data from a central monitoring center, directing traffic at the target monitoring site, providing a warning at the target monitoring site, illuminating the target monitoring site, and creating a light beacon over the target monitoring site. 27. The DDP of claim 26, wherein the data from a central monitoring station comprises a drone override command. 28. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the battery pack is adapted to operate the DDP without external power or recharging for at least 36 hours, and wherein the battery pack is adapted to continuously recharge a drone battery for at least 2 hours. 29. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP includes at least one of a solar panel adapted to recharge the battery pack, an air conditioning unit adapted to automatically control temperature and humidity inside of the DDP, a heating unit adapted to automatically control temperature and humidity inside of the DDP, a weather monitoring device adapted to monitor at least one of temperature, wind speed, humidity, rain, snow, ice, fog, and dust. | A drone docking port (DDP) preferably mounted on a pole and having an openable and closable convertible top (CT), a docking plate having integrated battery wired or wireless recharging pads, and a control module. The control module (CM) is adapted to preferably autonomously control all functions of the DDP including actuation of the CT and relay of video, audio, and flight control information between the CM and a central monitoring center and/or emergency personnel. The DDP is preferable positioned in close proximity to an intended monitoring site. When the CT is in an open position, a drone may initiate flight from the DDP and when a drone flight is completed and a drone has re-docked therein, the CT may be closed to protect the drone docked therein from external weather. The DDP may further include Electro-Optical/Infra-Red (EO/IR) cameras and sensors to detect disruptive or other predetermined behavior.1. A DDP comprising a housing having an inner cavity, an openable and closable top having a plurality of slidable members, a docking base, and a drone, wherein the docking base is affixed within the housing and the drone is deployable mounted on the docking base, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the top is in a closed position, the housing substantially seals out environment external to the DDP, and wherein when the top is in an open position, the drone is exposed so as to be able to launch. 2. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the drone includes at least one battery, and wherein when the drone is mounted on the docking base, the at least one battery is automatically charged by at least one of a wired battery charger and a wireless battery charger. 3. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the DDP is mounted on a top of a pole in near proximity to a target monitoring site. 4. The DDP of claim 1, wherein in response to a predetermined signal, the top automatically opens and the drone automatically flies to a target monitoring site. 5. The DDP of claim 4, wherein when the drone is at the target monitoring site, the drone performs at least one of the functions of recording video data of the target monitoring site, recording audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting video data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data to the target monitoring site, directing traffic at the target monitoring site, providing a warning at the target monitoring site, illuminating the target monitoring site, and creating a light beacon over the target monitoring site. 6. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the docking base is adapted to receive drones of a plurality of shapes and sizes, and wherein the docking base is adapted to house a plurality of drones simultaneously, and wherein the docking base includes at least one target thereon and is adapted so as to automatically guide landing of a drone to the at least one target. 7. The DDP of claim 6, wherein the drone includes at least one landing foot and the docking base is adapted to receive the least one landing foot, and when the at least one foot is positioned on the at least one target, the at least one foot is automatically and releasably secured to the docking base. 8. The DDP of claim 7, when the securement of the at least one drone foot is adapted such that the drone will not dislodge in response to a predetermined wind load. 9. The DDP of claim 8, wherein the at least one foot includes a camera affixed thereto and positioned such that the foot affixed camera is adapted to perform at least one of record and transmit video at the target monitoring site and automatically guide the drone landing foot to the at least one target. 10. The DDP of claim 1, wherein each member of the plurality of slidable members have at least one seal mounted thereon and are adapted such that closure of the openable and closable top is achieved by sliding the members into a closed positioned such that a landed drone is enclosed therein and such that the seals seal the inner cavity from an external environment. 11. The DDP of claim 1, wherein the DDP functionally includes at least one of an electric motor, a back-up battery, a solar panel, an air conditioner, a heater, an anemometer, a temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and a barometer. 12. A DDP comprising a housing having an inner cavity, an openable and closable top having a plurality of slidable members, a drone having a landing gear shroud, a docking base adapted to receive the a drone, and at least one battery, wherein the docking base is affixed within the housing and the drone is deployably mounted on the docking base, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the openable and closable top is in a closed position, the housing substantially seals out environment external to the DDP, and wherein when the openable and closable top is in an open position, the drone is exposed so as to be able to launch, and wherein when the drone is mounted on the docking base, the at least one battery is automatically charged by at least one of a wired battery charger and a wireless battery charger. 13. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the DDP is mounted on a top of a pole in near proximity to a target monitoring site, and wherein in response to a predetermined signal, the top automatically opens and the drone automatically flies to a target monitoring site. 14. The DDP of claim 13, wherein when the drone is at the target monitoring site, the drone performs at least one of the functions of recording video data of the target monitoring site, recording audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting video data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting audio data to the target monitoring site, directing traffic at the target monitoring site, providing a warning at the target monitoring site, illuminating the target monitoring site, and creating a light beacon over the target monitoring site. 15. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the docking base includes at least one target thereon and wherein the drone includes at least one landing foot, and wherein the DDP is adapted so as to automatically guide the drone landing foot to the at least one target, and wherein when the at least one foot is positioned on the at least one target, the at least one foot is automatically and releasably secured to the docking base such that drone will not dislodge in response to a predetermined wind load. 16. The DDP of claim 15, wherein the at least one foot includes a camera affixed thereto and positioned such that the foot affixed camera is adapted to perform at least one of record and transmit video at the target monitoring site and automatically guide the drone landing foot to the at least one target. 17. The DDP of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of slidable members have at least one seal mounted thereon and are adapted such that closure of the openable and closable top is achieved by sliding the members into a closed positioned such that the seals seal the inner cavity from an external environment. 18. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the drone landing gear shroud comprises of a plurality of side panels and a bottom panel surrounding the landing gear and having a plurality of multicolor LED lights affixed thereto, wherein the multicolor LED lights include at least one of a green color, a yellow color, a red color and a white color, and wherein the LED lights are adapted to provide guidance to traffic at a target monitoring site, and wherein intensity of the multicolor LED lights is adapted to vary so as to be visible during daytime and nighttime from a distance of at least 800 feet therefrom, and wherein the white color LED light is adapted to illuminate a target monitoring site with overhead lighting during nighttime. 19. The DDP of claim 12, wherein the drone landing gear shroud comprises a plurality of cameras affixed to the side panels and the bottom panel, and wherein the cameras include a video processing unit and an artificial intelligence module adapted to process video data at a target monitoring site so as to aid in drone navigation and to detect at least one of a predetermined pattern and a predetermined object. 20. A DDP for use in providing a docking port for an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) enabled to automatically perform takeoff, mission accomplishment, landing, and post-landing battery recharging, the DDP comprising an enclosure having a lower portion and an upper portion, a control module, a battery pack, and a battery charger, the enclosure lower portion forming at least one of a hemispherical shape, a semi-ovoidial shape, a cubic shape, a modification of a hemispherical shape, a modification of a semi-ovoidial shape, a modification of a cubic shape, and a combination thereof, and wherein the enclosure lower portion includes the control module, battery pack, and battery charger functionally mounted therein, the enclosure upper portion forming at least one of a hemispherical shape, a semi-ovoidial shape, a cubic shape, a modification of a hemispherical shape, a modification of a semi-ovoidial shape, a modification of a cubic shape, and a combination thereof, the enclosure upper portion further comprising a convertible enclosure upper portion having plurality of enclosure upper portion members, each enclosure upper portion member having a leading edge and a trailing edge, each leading edge having a “T” shaped member protruding at substantially 90 degrees therefrom, and each trailing edge having a weather strip affixed thereto, and wherein the enclosure includes at least one motor connected thereto, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the motor actuates to move the convertible enclosure upper portion from an open position to a closed position, the motor causes a first enclosure upper portion member to rotate and the rotational movement of the first enclosure upper portion member causes each subsequent enclosure upper portion member to follow until the enclosure upper portion is closed with the weather strips being in a compressed weather sealing state and a DDP inner cavity being formed thereby and being substantially sealed from an external weather environment, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that when the motor actuates to move the convertible enclosure upper portion from a closed position to an open position, the motor causes a first enclosure upper portion member to rotate and the rotational movement of the first enclosure upper portion member causes each subsequent enclosure upper portion member to follow until the enclosure upper portion is opened with the weather strips being in an compressed non-weather sealing state and the DDP being in a drone receivable and drone launchable state, and wherein opening the enclosure upper portion from a closed state occurs within 10 seconds, and wherein closing the enclosure upper portion from an open state occurs within 10 seconds, and wherein the DDP is adapted such that the enclosure upper portion is automatically positioned between a closed state and a fully opened state to a mid-state such that substantial weather protection is provided while also allowing the DDP inner cavity temperature to equalize with the DDP proximate external temperature, and wherein a degree of opening of such mid-state is automatically proportionate to the DDP proximate external temperature, 21. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP includes a drone launchably and dockably retained therein. 22. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP includes a drone docking plate mounted therein and having at least one charging pad thereon, the drone docking plate being adapted such that when drone contacts the at least one charging pad, at least one of wired charging and wireless charging of the drone is initiated. 23. The DDP of claim 22, wherein the drone docking plate comprises at least one of metal, plastic, fiberglass, and a combination thereof, and wherein the drone docking plate is formed in at least one of a circular shape, an oval shape, and a rectangular shape, and wherein the drone docking plate includes a plurality of charging pads, and wherein the drone docking plate automatically temporarily restrains a drone to the docking plate while a drone is charging from the docking plate. 24. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP is mounted on an elevated elongate structure in near proximity to a target monitoring site. 25. The DDP of claim 21, wherein in response to a predetermined signal, the enclosure upper portion automatically opens and the drone automatically flies to a target monitoring site. 26. The DDP of claim 25, wherein when the drone is at the target monitoring site, the drone performs at least one of the functions of recording video data of the target monitoring site, recording audio data of the target monitoring site, transmitting video data of the target monitoring site to a central monitoring station, transmitting audio data of the target monitoring site to a central monitoring station, receiving audio data from a central monitoring center, receiving non-audio data from a central monitoring center, directing traffic at the target monitoring site, providing a warning at the target monitoring site, illuminating the target monitoring site, and creating a light beacon over the target monitoring site. 27. The DDP of claim 26, wherein the data from a central monitoring station comprises a drone override command. 28. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the battery pack is adapted to operate the DDP without external power or recharging for at least 36 hours, and wherein the battery pack is adapted to continuously recharge a drone battery for at least 2 hours. 29. The DDP of claim 20, wherein the DDP includes at least one of a solar panel adapted to recharge the battery pack, an air conditioning unit adapted to automatically control temperature and humidity inside of the DDP, a heating unit adapted to automatically control temperature and humidity inside of the DDP, a weather monitoring device adapted to monitor at least one of temperature, wind speed, humidity, rain, snow, ice, fog, and dust. | 3,600 |
343,156 | 16,642,885 | 3,622 | The present invention provides a novel peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23, and specifically inhibits the protease activity of a target molecule. | 1. A SPINK2 mutant peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29), and specifically inhibits the protease activity of KLK1. 2. The peptide according to claim 1, wherein the 1st to the 13th Xaa (X1 to X19) are amino acids other than Cys and Pro. 3. The peptide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 1st Xaa (X1) is Asp or Gly. 4. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the 2nd Xaa (X2) is Ala, Asp or Ser, the 3rd Xaa (X3) is Ile, Gln, Arg or Val, the 4th Xaa (X4) is Ala, Asn or Tyr, the 5th Xaa (X5) is Leu, Lys, Asn or Gln, the 6th Xaa (X6) is Ile, Arg, Tyr or Val, the 7th Xaa (X7) is Asp, Arg or Val, the 8th Xaa (X8) is Asp, Ile or Arg, the 9th Xaa (X9) is Phe, His or Trp, the 10th Xaa (X10) is Tyr or Trp, the 11th Xaa (X11) is Ala, Thr or Tyr, the 12th Xaa (X12) is Ser or Tyr, and the 13th Xaa (X19) is Glu, Lys or Gln. 5. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 8 (FIGS. 11 to 14). 6. A SPINK2 mutant peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29), and specifically inhibits the protease activity of KLK4. 7. The peptide according to claim 6, wherein the 1st to the 13th Xaa (X1 to X13) are amino acids other than Cys and Pro. 8. The peptide according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the 1st Xaa (X1) is Asp or Gly. 9. The peptide of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the 2nd Xaa (X2) is Glu, Arg or Ser, the 3rd Xaa (X3) is His, Lys, Leu or Gln, the 4th Xaa (X4) is Ala, Gln or Tyr, the 5th Xaa (X5) is Ala, Glu, Gln or Val, the 6th Xaa (X6) is Glu, Leu, Met or Tyr, the 7th Xaa (X7) is Asp or Gly, the 8th Xaa (X8) is Ala or Val, the 9th Xaa (X9) is Gln, the 10th Xaa (X12) is Lys or Arg, the 11th Xaa (Xii) is Ile, Leu or Thr, the 12th Xaa (X12) is Phe or Tyr, and (X13) is Lys, Leu or Gln. 10. The peptide according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 9 to 12 (FIGS. 15 to 18). 11. A SPINK2 mutant peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29), and specifically inhibits the protease activity of KLK4 and the protease activity of KLK8. 12. The peptide according to claim 11, wherein the 1st to the 13th Xaa (X1 to X13) are amino acids other than Cys and Pro. 13. The peptide according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the 1st Xaa (X1) is Asp or Gly. 14. The peptide of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the 2nd Xaa (X2) is Gly, Met, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, the 3rd Xaa (X3) is Lys or Arg, the 4th Xaa (X4) is Phe, His, Gln or Tyr, the 5th Xaa (X5) is His, Lys, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val or Tyr, the 6th Xaa (X6) is Ile, Lys, Leu, Met, Gln, Arg, Ser, Val or Trp, the 7th Xaa (X7) is Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Asn, Arg, Val or Trp, the 8th Xaa (X8) is Gly or Trp, the 9th Xaa (X9) is Ala, Phe, Asn, Ser or Thr, the 10th Xaa (X10) is Lys or Arg, the 11th Xaa (Xii) is Ile, Met, Gln, Ser or Val, the 12th Xaa (X12) is Phe, Leu or Tyr, and the 13th Xaa (X13) is Ala, Asp, Glu or Asn. 15. The peptide according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 22 (FIGS. 19 to 28). 16. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence comprising:
an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29); and
1 to 3 amino acid residues, or an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26 (FIG. 32), which are added to the amino terminal side of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29). 17. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence comprising:
an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29); and
an amino acid sequence consisting of 1 to 6 amino acids, which are added to the carboxyl terminal side of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29). 18. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the peptide has a conformation characterized by comprising three disulfide bonds and further comprising a loop structure, an α-helix, and a β-sheet. 19. A polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence contained in the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 20. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 19. 21. A cell which comprises the polynucleotide according to claim 19 or the vector according to claim 20, or which produces the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 22. A method for producing a SPINK2 mutant peptide, comprising the following steps (i) and (ii):
(i) culturing the cell according to claim 21; and (ii) recovering the SPINK2 mutant peptide from the culture. 23. A method for producing the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising a step of preparing the peptide by chemical synthesis or in vitro translation. 24. A SPINK2 mutant peptide obtained by the method according to claim 22 or 23. 25. A conjugate comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24 and another moiety bound thereto. 26. The conjugate according to claim 25, wherein the conjugate is a polypeptide. 27. The conjugate according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the conjugate comprises an immunoglobulin Fc region or a functional fragment thereof. 28. A method for producing the SPINK2 mutant peptide conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27, comprising the following steps (i) and (ii):
(i) culturing a cell containing a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence contained in the conjugate or a vector into which the polynucleotide has been inserted; and
(ii) recovering the SPINK2 mutant peptide conjugate or a peptide moiety contained in the conjugate from the culture. 29. A method for producing the SPINK2 mutant peptide conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27, comprising a step of preparing the conjugate or a peptide moiety contained in the conjugate by chemical synthesis or in vitro translation. 30. A conjugate produced by the method according to claim 28 or 29. 31. An antibody or a binding fragment thereof which binds to the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24. 32. A composition comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24, the polynucleotide according to claim 19, the vector according to claim 20, the cell according to claim 21, the conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27 and 30, and/or the antibody or a binding fragment thereof according to claim 31. 33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24, the polynucleotide according to claim 19, the vector according to claim 20, the cell according to claim 21, and/or the conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27 and 30. 34. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 33 for the treatment or prevention of a KLK1-related disease, a KLK4-related disease and/or a KLK8-related disease. 35. A composition for testing or diagnosis, comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24, the polynucleotide according to claim 19, the vector according to claim 20, the cell according to claim 21, the conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27 and 30, and/or the antibody or a binding fragment thereof according to claim 31. 36. The production method according to claim 22, 23, 28 or 29, comprising an affinity purification step using the antibody or a binding fragment thereof according to claim 31. | The present invention provides a novel peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23, and specifically inhibits the protease activity of a target molecule.1. A SPINK2 mutant peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29), and specifically inhibits the protease activity of KLK1. 2. The peptide according to claim 1, wherein the 1st to the 13th Xaa (X1 to X19) are amino acids other than Cys and Pro. 3. The peptide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 1st Xaa (X1) is Asp or Gly. 4. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the 2nd Xaa (X2) is Ala, Asp or Ser, the 3rd Xaa (X3) is Ile, Gln, Arg or Val, the 4th Xaa (X4) is Ala, Asn or Tyr, the 5th Xaa (X5) is Leu, Lys, Asn or Gln, the 6th Xaa (X6) is Ile, Arg, Tyr or Val, the 7th Xaa (X7) is Asp, Arg or Val, the 8th Xaa (X8) is Asp, Ile or Arg, the 9th Xaa (X9) is Phe, His or Trp, the 10th Xaa (X10) is Tyr or Trp, the 11th Xaa (X11) is Ala, Thr or Tyr, the 12th Xaa (X12) is Ser or Tyr, and the 13th Xaa (X19) is Glu, Lys or Gln. 5. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 8 (FIGS. 11 to 14). 6. A SPINK2 mutant peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29), and specifically inhibits the protease activity of KLK4. 7. The peptide according to claim 6, wherein the 1st to the 13th Xaa (X1 to X13) are amino acids other than Cys and Pro. 8. The peptide according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the 1st Xaa (X1) is Asp or Gly. 9. The peptide of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the 2nd Xaa (X2) is Glu, Arg or Ser, the 3rd Xaa (X3) is His, Lys, Leu or Gln, the 4th Xaa (X4) is Ala, Gln or Tyr, the 5th Xaa (X5) is Ala, Glu, Gln or Val, the 6th Xaa (X6) is Glu, Leu, Met or Tyr, the 7th Xaa (X7) is Asp or Gly, the 8th Xaa (X8) is Ala or Val, the 9th Xaa (X9) is Gln, the 10th Xaa (X12) is Lys or Arg, the 11th Xaa (Xii) is Ile, Leu or Thr, the 12th Xaa (X12) is Phe or Tyr, and (X13) is Lys, Leu or Gln. 10. The peptide according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 9 to 12 (FIGS. 15 to 18). 11. A SPINK2 mutant peptide which comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29), and specifically inhibits the protease activity of KLK4 and the protease activity of KLK8. 12. The peptide according to claim 11, wherein the 1st to the 13th Xaa (X1 to X13) are amino acids other than Cys and Pro. 13. The peptide according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the 1st Xaa (X1) is Asp or Gly. 14. The peptide of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the 2nd Xaa (X2) is Gly, Met, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, the 3rd Xaa (X3) is Lys or Arg, the 4th Xaa (X4) is Phe, His, Gln or Tyr, the 5th Xaa (X5) is His, Lys, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val or Tyr, the 6th Xaa (X6) is Ile, Lys, Leu, Met, Gln, Arg, Ser, Val or Trp, the 7th Xaa (X7) is Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Asn, Arg, Val or Trp, the 8th Xaa (X8) is Gly or Trp, the 9th Xaa (X9) is Ala, Phe, Asn, Ser or Thr, the 10th Xaa (X10) is Lys or Arg, the 11th Xaa (Xii) is Ile, Met, Gln, Ser or Val, the 12th Xaa (X12) is Phe, Leu or Tyr, and the 13th Xaa (X13) is Ala, Asp, Glu or Asn. 15. The peptide according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 22 (FIGS. 19 to 28). 16. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence comprising:
an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29); and
1 to 3 amino acid residues, or an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26 (FIG. 32), which are added to the amino terminal side of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29). 17. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence comprising:
an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29); and
an amino acid sequence consisting of 1 to 6 amino acids, which are added to the carboxyl terminal side of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23 (FIG. 29). 18. The peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the peptide has a conformation characterized by comprising three disulfide bonds and further comprising a loop structure, an α-helix, and a β-sheet. 19. A polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence contained in the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 20. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 19. 21. A cell which comprises the polynucleotide according to claim 19 or the vector according to claim 20, or which produces the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 22. A method for producing a SPINK2 mutant peptide, comprising the following steps (i) and (ii):
(i) culturing the cell according to claim 21; and (ii) recovering the SPINK2 mutant peptide from the culture. 23. A method for producing the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising a step of preparing the peptide by chemical synthesis or in vitro translation. 24. A SPINK2 mutant peptide obtained by the method according to claim 22 or 23. 25. A conjugate comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24 and another moiety bound thereto. 26. The conjugate according to claim 25, wherein the conjugate is a polypeptide. 27. The conjugate according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the conjugate comprises an immunoglobulin Fc region or a functional fragment thereof. 28. A method for producing the SPINK2 mutant peptide conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27, comprising the following steps (i) and (ii):
(i) culturing a cell containing a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence contained in the conjugate or a vector into which the polynucleotide has been inserted; and
(ii) recovering the SPINK2 mutant peptide conjugate or a peptide moiety contained in the conjugate from the culture. 29. A method for producing the SPINK2 mutant peptide conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27, comprising a step of preparing the conjugate or a peptide moiety contained in the conjugate by chemical synthesis or in vitro translation. 30. A conjugate produced by the method according to claim 28 or 29. 31. An antibody or a binding fragment thereof which binds to the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24. 32. A composition comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24, the polynucleotide according to claim 19, the vector according to claim 20, the cell according to claim 21, the conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27 and 30, and/or the antibody or a binding fragment thereof according to claim 31. 33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24, the polynucleotide according to claim 19, the vector according to claim 20, the cell according to claim 21, and/or the conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27 and 30. 34. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 33 for the treatment or prevention of a KLK1-related disease, a KLK4-related disease and/or a KLK8-related disease. 35. A composition for testing or diagnosis, comprising the peptide according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 24, the polynucleotide according to claim 19, the vector according to claim 20, the cell according to claim 21, the conjugate according to any one of claims 25 to 27 and 30, and/or the antibody or a binding fragment thereof according to claim 31. 36. The production method according to claim 22, 23, 28 or 29, comprising an affinity purification step using the antibody or a binding fragment thereof according to claim 31. | 3,600 |
343,157 | 16,802,561 | 3,622 | A terminal-equipped electric wire includes: an electric wire; and a crimp terminal including a core wire crimp portion crimped to a core wire of the electric wire, in which the core wire crimp portion includes: a bottom wall portion; and crimping pieces that extend in a direction intersecting the bottom wall portion from an end of the bottom wall portion in a width direction and that are wound around the core wire, a cross-sectional shape of the crimping piece is a curved shape convex toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion, and curved portions of the crimping piece respectively include protrusions formed to protrude stepwise with respect to surrounding portions. | 1. A terminal-equipped electric wire comprising:
an electric wire; and a crimp terminal including a core wire crimp portion crimped to a core wire of the electric wire, wherein the core wire crimp portion includes
a bottom wall portion, and
a crimping piece that extends in a direction intersecting the bottom wall portion from an end of the bottom wall portion in a width direction and that is wound around the core wire,
a cross-sectional shape of the crimping piece is a curved shape convex toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion, and a curved portion of the crimping piece includes a protrusion formed to protrude stepwise with respect to surrounding portions. 2. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
the protrusion is formed at a top of the curved shape of the crimping piece. 3. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
a protruding direction of the protrusion is a direction toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion in a height direction of the crimp terminal. 4. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
a protruding direction of the protrusion is a direction toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion in a height direction of the crimp terminal. 5. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 6. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 7. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 3, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 8. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 4, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 9. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 10. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 11. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 3, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 12. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 4, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 13. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 5, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 14. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 6, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 15. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 16. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 17. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 3, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 18. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 5, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 19. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 9, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 20. A terminal crimping device comprising:
a lower mold that supports a crimp terminal from below, the crimp terminal having a core wire crimp portion that is crimped to a core wire of an electric wire; and an upper mold having a first crimping surface for winding the core wire crimp portion around the core wire and configured to descend toward the lower mold to crimp the crimp terminal to the electric wire, wherein a portion facing the lower mold in the first crimping surface has a recess that is recessed stepwise with respect to surrounding portions. | A terminal-equipped electric wire includes: an electric wire; and a crimp terminal including a core wire crimp portion crimped to a core wire of the electric wire, in which the core wire crimp portion includes: a bottom wall portion; and crimping pieces that extend in a direction intersecting the bottom wall portion from an end of the bottom wall portion in a width direction and that are wound around the core wire, a cross-sectional shape of the crimping piece is a curved shape convex toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion, and curved portions of the crimping piece respectively include protrusions formed to protrude stepwise with respect to surrounding portions.1. A terminal-equipped electric wire comprising:
an electric wire; and a crimp terminal including a core wire crimp portion crimped to a core wire of the electric wire, wherein the core wire crimp portion includes
a bottom wall portion, and
a crimping piece that extends in a direction intersecting the bottom wall portion from an end of the bottom wall portion in a width direction and that is wound around the core wire,
a cross-sectional shape of the crimping piece is a curved shape convex toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion, and a curved portion of the crimping piece includes a protrusion formed to protrude stepwise with respect to surrounding portions. 2. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
the protrusion is formed at a top of the curved shape of the crimping piece. 3. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
a protruding direction of the protrusion is a direction toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion in a height direction of the crimp terminal. 4. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
a protruding direction of the protrusion is a direction toward a side opposite to the bottom wall portion in a height direction of the crimp terminal. 5. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 6. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 7. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 3, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 8. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 4, wherein
a bell-mouth portion is formed at an end in an axial direction of the electric wire on the crimping piece, and the protrusion is formed in a region excluding the bell-mouth portion on the crimping piece. 9. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 10. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 11. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 3, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 12. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 4, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 13. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 5, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 14. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 6, wherein
the crimping piece includes
a first crimping piece extending from one end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction, and
a second crimping piece extending from the other end of the bottom wall portion in the width direction,
the core wire crimp portion is crimped to the core wire while bringing an outer surface of the first crimping piece and an outer surface of the second crimping piece into contact with each other, the protrusion includes
a first protrusion formed on the outer surface of the first crimping piece, and
a second protrusion formed on the outer surface of the second crimping piece, and
the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other in the width direction of the bottom wall portion. 15. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 1, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 16. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 2, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 17. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 3, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 18. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 5, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 19. The terminal-equipped electric wire according to claim 9, wherein
the crimp terminal includes a covering crimp portion crimped to a covering of the electric wire, and a tip of the protrusion is at a position lower than a top of the covering crimp portion in the height direction of the crimp terminal. 20. A terminal crimping device comprising:
a lower mold that supports a crimp terminal from below, the crimp terminal having a core wire crimp portion that is crimped to a core wire of an electric wire; and an upper mold having a first crimping surface for winding the core wire crimp portion around the core wire and configured to descend toward the lower mold to crimp the crimp terminal to the electric wire, wherein a portion facing the lower mold in the first crimping surface has a recess that is recessed stepwise with respect to surrounding portions. | 3,600 |
343,158 | 16,802,589 | 3,791 | An animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a stimulation coil unit outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse as a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion; a stimulation pulse driving unit generating and providing, to the stimulation coil unit, treatment pulses with different frequencies according to a type of a lesion; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse driving unit such that the generated treatment pulses with different frequencies are selectively output to the stimulation coil unit. | 1. An animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus comprising:
a stimulation coil unit outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse as a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion; a stimulation pulse driving unit generating and providing, to the stimulation coil unit, treatment pulses with different frequencies according to a type of a lesion; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse driving unit such that the generated treatment pulses with different frequencies are selectively output to the stimulation coil unit. 2. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electromyogram sensor,
wherein the controller controls the stimulation pulse driving unit to generate a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion further in consideration of a sensing value of the electromyogram sensor. 3. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit uses a multiple discharge method of outputting treatment pulses by sequentially generating pulses in a pulse sequence type for a predetermined lesion. 4. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit outputs a treatment pulse by adjusting pulse intensity, a pulse shape, and a pulse width in accordance with a delay time on the basis of the multiple discharge method. 5. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit configures a pulse forming circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitance, and an inductance to supply energy to the stimulation coil unit, and the pulse forming circuit configures a multiple L-C network. 6. A method of driving an animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus, the method comprising:
outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse as a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion by means of a stimulation coil unit; generating and providing, to the stimulation coil unit by means of a stimulation pulse driving unit, treatment pulses with different frequencies according to a type of a lesion; and controlling the stimulation pulse driving unit such that the generated treatment pulses with different frequencies are selectively output to the stimulation coil unit by means of a controller. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising measuring a state of a muscle by means of an electromyogram sensor,
wherein the controlling controls the stimulation pulse driving unit to generate a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion further in consideration of a sensing value of the electromyogram sensor. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the providing of treatment pulses to the stimulation coil unit uses a multiple discharge method of outputting treatment pulses by sequentially generating pulses in a pulse sequence type for a predetermined lesion. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the providing of treatment pulses to the stimulation coil unit outputs a treatment pulse by adjusting pulse intensity, a pulse shape, and a pulse width in accordance with a delay time on the basis of the multiple discharge method. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit configures a pulse forming circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitance, and an inductance to supply energy to the stimulation coil unit, and the pulse forming circuit configures a multiple L-C network. | An animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a stimulation coil unit outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse as a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion; a stimulation pulse driving unit generating and providing, to the stimulation coil unit, treatment pulses with different frequencies according to a type of a lesion; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse driving unit such that the generated treatment pulses with different frequencies are selectively output to the stimulation coil unit.1. An animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus comprising:
a stimulation coil unit outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse as a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion; a stimulation pulse driving unit generating and providing, to the stimulation coil unit, treatment pulses with different frequencies according to a type of a lesion; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse driving unit such that the generated treatment pulses with different frequencies are selectively output to the stimulation coil unit. 2. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electromyogram sensor,
wherein the controller controls the stimulation pulse driving unit to generate a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion further in consideration of a sensing value of the electromyogram sensor. 3. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit uses a multiple discharge method of outputting treatment pulses by sequentially generating pulses in a pulse sequence type for a predetermined lesion. 4. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit outputs a treatment pulse by adjusting pulse intensity, a pulse shape, and a pulse width in accordance with a delay time on the basis of the multiple discharge method. 5. The animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit configures a pulse forming circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitance, and an inductance to supply energy to the stimulation coil unit, and the pulse forming circuit configures a multiple L-C network. 6. A method of driving an animal musculoskeletal treatment apparatus, the method comprising:
outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse as a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion by means of a stimulation coil unit; generating and providing, to the stimulation coil unit by means of a stimulation pulse driving unit, treatment pulses with different frequencies according to a type of a lesion; and controlling the stimulation pulse driving unit such that the generated treatment pulses with different frequencies are selectively output to the stimulation coil unit by means of a controller. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising measuring a state of a muscle by means of an electromyogram sensor,
wherein the controlling controls the stimulation pulse driving unit to generate a treatment pulse for a predetermined lesion further in consideration of a sensing value of the electromyogram sensor. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the providing of treatment pulses to the stimulation coil unit uses a multiple discharge method of outputting treatment pulses by sequentially generating pulses in a pulse sequence type for a predetermined lesion. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the providing of treatment pulses to the stimulation coil unit outputs a treatment pulse by adjusting pulse intensity, a pulse shape, and a pulse width in accordance with a delay time on the basis of the multiple discharge method. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the stimulation pulse driving unit configures a pulse forming circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitance, and an inductance to supply energy to the stimulation coil unit, and the pulse forming circuit configures a multiple L-C network. | 3,700 |
343,159 | 16,642,884 | 3,791 | An oscillator operable in Class-C comprises at least one set of cross-coupled transistors. A threshold voltage of the transistors is controllable by having a bias voltage applied at back-gates of the transistors. The bias voltage thereby controls a conduction angle of the transistors to enable operation of the oscillator in Class-C. There is further provided a radio transceiver comprising such an oscillator, a method of operating such an oscillator, and a controller configured to operate such an oscillator. | 1. An oscillator operable in Class-C, the oscillator comprising:
at least one set of cross-coupled transistors, wherein a threshold voltage of the cross-coupled transistors is controllable by having a bias voltage applied at back-gates of the cross-coupled transistors, the bias voltage thereby controlling a conduction angle of the transistors to enable operation of the oscillator in Class-C operation. 2. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator comprises only a single set of cross-coupled transistors. 3. The oscillator according to claim 2, wherein the cross-coupled transistors are n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors. 4. The oscillator according to claim 2, wherein the cross-coupled transistors are p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors. 5. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator comprises two sets of cross-coupled transistors. 6. The oscillator according to claim 5, wherein transistors of one set of the two sets of cross-coupled transistors are n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors and transistors of second set of the two sets of cross-coupled transistors are p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors. 7. The oscillator according to claim 1, further comprising:
an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit, wherein the LC circuit is connected in parallel with the at least one set of cross-coupled transistors. 8. The oscillator according to claim 7, wherein the LC circuit comprises a bank of capacitors and at least one varactor diode connected in parallel to the bank of capacitors. 9. The oscillator according to claim 8, wherein the LC circuit has a resonant frequency, the resonant frequency being dependent on capacitance of the LC circuit, and wherein the capacitance is variable by having a tuning voltage applied to the at least one varactor diode so as to vary the resonant frequency. 10. The oscillator according to claim 7, wherein the LC circuit is connected to drains of the cross-coupled transistors. 11. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is a voltage-controlled oscillator. 12. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is implemented in a radio transceiver. 13. A method of operating an oscillator having a set of cross-coupled transistors coupled to drive a resonance circuit, the method comprising:
applying a bias voltage to back-gates of the cross-coupled transistors to control threshold voltage of the cross-coupled transistors, in order to control conduction angle of the cross-coupled transistors to operate the oscillator in Class-C operation. 14. A controller for operating an oscillator having a set of cross-coupled transistors coupled to drive a resonance circuit, the controller comprising processing circuitry configured to:
apply a bias voltage to a back-gates of the cross-coupled transistors to control threshold voltage of the cross-coupled transistors, in order to control conduction angle of the cross-coupled transistors to operate the oscillator in Class-C operation. 15. (canceled) 16. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit coupled to output nodes of the cross-coupled transistors. 17. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit coupled to output nodes of the cross-coupled transistors and arranged to operate as a parallel tank circuit. 18. The controller according to claim 17, wherein the resonance circuit includes one or more varactor diodes and wherein a tuning voltage applied to one or more varactor diodes varies a capacitance of the LC circuit to vary a resonant frequency of the LC circuit. 19. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit arranged in parallel and coupled across drain nodes of the cross-coupled transistors which are n-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistors. 20. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit arranged in parallel and coupled across drain nodes of the cross-coupled transistors which are p-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistors. | An oscillator operable in Class-C comprises at least one set of cross-coupled transistors. A threshold voltage of the transistors is controllable by having a bias voltage applied at back-gates of the transistors. The bias voltage thereby controls a conduction angle of the transistors to enable operation of the oscillator in Class-C. There is further provided a radio transceiver comprising such an oscillator, a method of operating such an oscillator, and a controller configured to operate such an oscillator.1. An oscillator operable in Class-C, the oscillator comprising:
at least one set of cross-coupled transistors, wherein a threshold voltage of the cross-coupled transistors is controllable by having a bias voltage applied at back-gates of the cross-coupled transistors, the bias voltage thereby controlling a conduction angle of the transistors to enable operation of the oscillator in Class-C operation. 2. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator comprises only a single set of cross-coupled transistors. 3. The oscillator according to claim 2, wherein the cross-coupled transistors are n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors. 4. The oscillator according to claim 2, wherein the cross-coupled transistors are p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors. 5. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator comprises two sets of cross-coupled transistors. 6. The oscillator according to claim 5, wherein transistors of one set of the two sets of cross-coupled transistors are n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors and transistors of second set of the two sets of cross-coupled transistors are p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors. 7. The oscillator according to claim 1, further comprising:
an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit, wherein the LC circuit is connected in parallel with the at least one set of cross-coupled transistors. 8. The oscillator according to claim 7, wherein the LC circuit comprises a bank of capacitors and at least one varactor diode connected in parallel to the bank of capacitors. 9. The oscillator according to claim 8, wherein the LC circuit has a resonant frequency, the resonant frequency being dependent on capacitance of the LC circuit, and wherein the capacitance is variable by having a tuning voltage applied to the at least one varactor diode so as to vary the resonant frequency. 10. The oscillator according to claim 7, wherein the LC circuit is connected to drains of the cross-coupled transistors. 11. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is a voltage-controlled oscillator. 12. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is implemented in a radio transceiver. 13. A method of operating an oscillator having a set of cross-coupled transistors coupled to drive a resonance circuit, the method comprising:
applying a bias voltage to back-gates of the cross-coupled transistors to control threshold voltage of the cross-coupled transistors, in order to control conduction angle of the cross-coupled transistors to operate the oscillator in Class-C operation. 14. A controller for operating an oscillator having a set of cross-coupled transistors coupled to drive a resonance circuit, the controller comprising processing circuitry configured to:
apply a bias voltage to a back-gates of the cross-coupled transistors to control threshold voltage of the cross-coupled transistors, in order to control conduction angle of the cross-coupled transistors to operate the oscillator in Class-C operation. 15. (canceled) 16. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit coupled to output nodes of the cross-coupled transistors. 17. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit coupled to output nodes of the cross-coupled transistors and arranged to operate as a parallel tank circuit. 18. The controller according to claim 17, wherein the resonance circuit includes one or more varactor diodes and wherein a tuning voltage applied to one or more varactor diodes varies a capacitance of the LC circuit to vary a resonant frequency of the LC circuit. 19. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit arranged in parallel and coupled across drain nodes of the cross-coupled transistors which are n-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistors. 20. The controller according to claim 14, wherein the resonance circuit is an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit arranged in parallel and coupled across drain nodes of the cross-coupled transistors which are p-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistors. | 3,700 |
343,160 | 16,642,893 | 3,791 | A current controller for an output stage of light emitting diode (LED) driver circuitry includes a current source establishing a nominal amount of current available for each member of the set of channels. The nominal amount of current is based on, e.g., a desired brightness level. Pulse width modulation (PWM) circuitry is electrically coupled to the current source and is configured to control durations in which adjusted amounts of current are applied to corresponding members the set of LEDs. Compensation circuitry is electrically coupled to the current source and the PWM circuitry. The compensation circuitry includes a set of switching elements to adjust, for each corresponding member of the set of LEDs, the nominal amount of current and thereby provide to the PWM circuitry the adjusted amounts of current based on feedback representing one or both load impedance variations and parasitic conditions (LIVPC) and process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions. | 1. A current controller for an output stage of light emitting diode (LED) driver circuitry defining a set of channels through which electrical current is controllably deliverable to a set of LEDs along an actuatable scanline, the current controller comprising:
a current source to establish a nominal amount of current available for each member of the set of channels, the nominal amount of current being based on a desired brightness level; pulse width modulation (PWM) circuitry electrically coupled to the current source and configured to control durations in which adjusted amounts of current are applied to corresponding members the set of LEDs; and compensation circuitry electrically coupled to the current source and the PWM circuitry, the compensation circuitry including a set of switching elements to adjust, for each corresponding member of the set of LEDs, the nominal amount of current and thereby provide to the PWM circuitry the adjusted amounts of current based on feedback representing one or both load impedance variations and parasitic conditions (LIVPC) and process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions. 2. The current controller of claim 1, in which the compensation circuitry comprises a compensation parameter storage device to store, for each LED, values representing adjustment amounts by which to adjust the nominal amount of current. 3. The current controller of claim 2, in which each value of the values includes multiple bits, each one of the multiple bits indicating a state of a different member of the set of switching elements. 4. The current controller of claim 2, in which the compensation circuitry comprises a controller to generate, based on a value stored in the compensation parameter storage device, a set of digital signals corresponding to the set of switching elements. 5. The current controller of claim 2, in which the adjustment amounts are within a pre-defined range between positive and negative maximum percentages of the nominal amount of current. 6. The current controller of claim 2, in which each switching element comprises one more transistors. 7. The current controller of claim 1, in which each member of the set of switching elements is arranged in parallel with the other members of the set of switching elements. 8. The current controller of claim 7, in which each member of the set of switching elements is configured to change state based on a corresponding signal from a corresponding one of a set of digital control signals. 9. The current controller of claim 8, in which the set of digital control signals includes a first set of logic levels representing multiple incremental decreases in current and a second set of logic levels representing multiple incremental increases in current. 10. An LED display panel including the current controller of claim 1. | A current controller for an output stage of light emitting diode (LED) driver circuitry includes a current source establishing a nominal amount of current available for each member of the set of channels. The nominal amount of current is based on, e.g., a desired brightness level. Pulse width modulation (PWM) circuitry is electrically coupled to the current source and is configured to control durations in which adjusted amounts of current are applied to corresponding members the set of LEDs. Compensation circuitry is electrically coupled to the current source and the PWM circuitry. The compensation circuitry includes a set of switching elements to adjust, for each corresponding member of the set of LEDs, the nominal amount of current and thereby provide to the PWM circuitry the adjusted amounts of current based on feedback representing one or both load impedance variations and parasitic conditions (LIVPC) and process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions.1. A current controller for an output stage of light emitting diode (LED) driver circuitry defining a set of channels through which electrical current is controllably deliverable to a set of LEDs along an actuatable scanline, the current controller comprising:
a current source to establish a nominal amount of current available for each member of the set of channels, the nominal amount of current being based on a desired brightness level; pulse width modulation (PWM) circuitry electrically coupled to the current source and configured to control durations in which adjusted amounts of current are applied to corresponding members the set of LEDs; and compensation circuitry electrically coupled to the current source and the PWM circuitry, the compensation circuitry including a set of switching elements to adjust, for each corresponding member of the set of LEDs, the nominal amount of current and thereby provide to the PWM circuitry the adjusted amounts of current based on feedback representing one or both load impedance variations and parasitic conditions (LIVPC) and process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions. 2. The current controller of claim 1, in which the compensation circuitry comprises a compensation parameter storage device to store, for each LED, values representing adjustment amounts by which to adjust the nominal amount of current. 3. The current controller of claim 2, in which each value of the values includes multiple bits, each one of the multiple bits indicating a state of a different member of the set of switching elements. 4. The current controller of claim 2, in which the compensation circuitry comprises a controller to generate, based on a value stored in the compensation parameter storage device, a set of digital signals corresponding to the set of switching elements. 5. The current controller of claim 2, in which the adjustment amounts are within a pre-defined range between positive and negative maximum percentages of the nominal amount of current. 6. The current controller of claim 2, in which each switching element comprises one more transistors. 7. The current controller of claim 1, in which each member of the set of switching elements is arranged in parallel with the other members of the set of switching elements. 8. The current controller of claim 7, in which each member of the set of switching elements is configured to change state based on a corresponding signal from a corresponding one of a set of digital control signals. 9. The current controller of claim 8, in which the set of digital control signals includes a first set of logic levels representing multiple incremental decreases in current and a second set of logic levels representing multiple incremental increases in current. 10. An LED display panel including the current controller of claim 1. | 3,700 |
343,161 | 16,642,850 | 3,791 | An electric oil pump includes a pump housing, a pump rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a motor rotor assembly and an electric control board, the pump housing defining a pump cavity including first cavity and second cavities, the pump rotor assembly arranged in the first cavity, and the stator assembly, the motor rotor assembly and the electric control board arranged in the second cavity. The pump housing includes a first housing having a side wall with inner and outer surfaces, at least a part of the inner surface is in contact with at least a part of an outer wall of the stator assembly, the outer surface is provided with or shaped with a first heat dissipating portion, at least a part of the first heat dissipating portion covers at least a part of an outer circumference of the stator assembly in a circumferential direction of the electric oil pump. | 1. An electric oil pump, comprising a pump housing, a pump rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a motor rotor assembly and an electric control board, the pump housing defining a pump cavity, the pump cavity comprising a first cavity and a second cavity, the pump rotor assembly being arranged in the first cavity, and the stator assembly, the motor rotor assembly and the electric control board being arranged in the second cavity,
wherein the pump housing comprises a first housing, the first housing comprises a side wall, the side wall comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, at least a part of the inner surface is arranged in contact with at least a part of an outer wall of the stator assembly, the outer surface is provided with or shaped with a first heat dissipating portion, at least a part of the first heat dissipating portion covers at least a part of an outer circumference of the stator assembly in a circumferential direction of the electric oil pump. 2. An electric oil pump, comprising a pump housing, a pump rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a motor rotor assembly and an electric control board, the pump housing defining a pump cavity, the pump cavity comprising a first cavity and a second cavity, the pump rotor assembly being arranged in the first cavity, and the stator assembly, the motor rotor assembly and the electric control board being arranged in the second cavity,
wherein the pump housing comprises a first housing, the first housing comprises a side wall, the side wall comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, at least a part of the inner surface is arranged in contact with at least a part of an outer wall of the stator assembly, the outer surface is provided with or shaped with a first heat dissipating portion, the first housing comprises a hollow portion, a hollow cavity is formed in the hollow portion, the stator assembly and the motor rotor assembly are arranged in the hollow cavity, the stator assembly comprises a coil, the coil comprises a first top and a first bottom, the first top is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the first bottom, the first heat dissipating portion comprises a start portion and an end portion along a central axis direction of the electric oil pump, the start portion is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion, and the first top is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion of the first heat dissipating portion along the central axis direction of the electric oil pump. 3. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein:
the first heat dissipating portion comprises a start portion and an end portion along an axial direction of the first housing, and the start portion is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion; and the stator assembly comprises a stator core, along the axial direction of the first housing, the start portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located above the stator core and the end portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located below two thirds of the stator core in the context that a side of the stator core closer to the pump rotor assembly is defined as an upper side and a side of the stator core closer to the electric control board is defined as a lower side. 4. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein: an area of a projection of the first heat dissipating portion onto the outer surface of the side wall is a first area, a surface area of the first heat dissipating portion is a second area, and the second area is larger than or equal to the first area. 5. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, and the plurality of convex portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the electric oil pump. 6. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of concave portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the first housing. 7. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, the first heat dissipating portion further comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of convex portions and the plurality of concave portions are distributed along an axial direction of the first housing. 8. The electric oil pump according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of convex portions have a same convex height, and a wall thickness of the first housing at the convex portion is larger than or equal to 1.5 times a convex height of the convex portion. 9. The electric oil pump according to claim 6, wherein a wall thickness of the first housing at the concave portion of the first heat dissipating portion is larger than or equal to 0.5 times a concave depth of the concave portion, and the plurality of concave portions have a same concave depth. 10. (canceled) 11. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein:
the first housing is made of a metal material and further comprises a first groove and a second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first groove and the second groove; and the electric oil pump further comprises a first annular seal ring and a second annular seal ring, the first annular seal ring is sleeved on the first groove, the second annular seal ring is sleeved on the second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first annular seal ring and the second annular seal ring. 12. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, further comprising a second housing, wherein the second housing is fixedly connected to the first housing and comprises a plurality of convex ribs, and the plurality of convex ribs are integrally formed with the second housing by injection molding and are arranged protruding away from the first housing. 13. (canceled) 14. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein:
the first heat dissipating portion comprises a start portion and an end portion along an axial direction of the first housing, and the start portion is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion; and the stator assembly comprises a stator core, wherein along the axial direction of the first housing, the start portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located above the stator core and the end portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located below two thirds of the stator core in the context that a side of the stator core closer to the pump rotor assembly is defined as an upper side and a side of the stator core closer to the electric control board is defined as a lower side. 15. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein an area of a projection of the first heat dissipating portion onto the outer surface of the side wall is a first area, a surface area of the first heat dissipating portion is a second area, and the second area is larger than or equal to the first area. 16. The electric oil pump according to claim 15, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, and the plurality of convex portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the electric oil pump. 17. The electric oil pump according to claim 15, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of concave portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the first housing. 18. The electric oil pump according to claim 15, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, the first heat dissipating portion further comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of convex portions and the plurality of concave portions are distributed along an axial direction of the first housing. 19. The electric oil pump according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of convex portions have a same convex height, and a wall thickness of the first housing at the convex portion is larger than or equal to 1.5 times a convex height of the convex portion. 20. The electric oil pump according to claim 17, wherein a wall thickness of the first housing at the concave portion of the first heat dissipating portion is larger than or equal to 0.5 times a concave depth of the concave portion, and the plurality of concave portions have a same concave depth. 21. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein:
the first housing is made of a metal material and further comprises a first groove and a second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first groove and the second groove; and the electric oil pump further comprises a first annular seal ring and a second annular seal ring, the first annular seal ring is sleeved on the first groove, the second annular seal ring is sleeved on the second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first annular seal ring and the second annular seal ring. 22. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, further comprising a second housing, wherein the second housing is fixedly connected to the first housing and comprises a plurality of convex ribs, and the plurality of convex ribs are integrally formed with the second housing by injection molding and are arranged protruding away from the first housing. | An electric oil pump includes a pump housing, a pump rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a motor rotor assembly and an electric control board, the pump housing defining a pump cavity including first cavity and second cavities, the pump rotor assembly arranged in the first cavity, and the stator assembly, the motor rotor assembly and the electric control board arranged in the second cavity. The pump housing includes a first housing having a side wall with inner and outer surfaces, at least a part of the inner surface is in contact with at least a part of an outer wall of the stator assembly, the outer surface is provided with or shaped with a first heat dissipating portion, at least a part of the first heat dissipating portion covers at least a part of an outer circumference of the stator assembly in a circumferential direction of the electric oil pump.1. An electric oil pump, comprising a pump housing, a pump rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a motor rotor assembly and an electric control board, the pump housing defining a pump cavity, the pump cavity comprising a first cavity and a second cavity, the pump rotor assembly being arranged in the first cavity, and the stator assembly, the motor rotor assembly and the electric control board being arranged in the second cavity,
wherein the pump housing comprises a first housing, the first housing comprises a side wall, the side wall comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, at least a part of the inner surface is arranged in contact with at least a part of an outer wall of the stator assembly, the outer surface is provided with or shaped with a first heat dissipating portion, at least a part of the first heat dissipating portion covers at least a part of an outer circumference of the stator assembly in a circumferential direction of the electric oil pump. 2. An electric oil pump, comprising a pump housing, a pump rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a motor rotor assembly and an electric control board, the pump housing defining a pump cavity, the pump cavity comprising a first cavity and a second cavity, the pump rotor assembly being arranged in the first cavity, and the stator assembly, the motor rotor assembly and the electric control board being arranged in the second cavity,
wherein the pump housing comprises a first housing, the first housing comprises a side wall, the side wall comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, at least a part of the inner surface is arranged in contact with at least a part of an outer wall of the stator assembly, the outer surface is provided with or shaped with a first heat dissipating portion, the first housing comprises a hollow portion, a hollow cavity is formed in the hollow portion, the stator assembly and the motor rotor assembly are arranged in the hollow cavity, the stator assembly comprises a coil, the coil comprises a first top and a first bottom, the first top is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the first bottom, the first heat dissipating portion comprises a start portion and an end portion along a central axis direction of the electric oil pump, the start portion is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion, and the first top is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion of the first heat dissipating portion along the central axis direction of the electric oil pump. 3. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein:
the first heat dissipating portion comprises a start portion and an end portion along an axial direction of the first housing, and the start portion is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion; and the stator assembly comprises a stator core, along the axial direction of the first housing, the start portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located above the stator core and the end portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located below two thirds of the stator core in the context that a side of the stator core closer to the pump rotor assembly is defined as an upper side and a side of the stator core closer to the electric control board is defined as a lower side. 4. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein: an area of a projection of the first heat dissipating portion onto the outer surface of the side wall is a first area, a surface area of the first heat dissipating portion is a second area, and the second area is larger than or equal to the first area. 5. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, and the plurality of convex portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the electric oil pump. 6. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of concave portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the first housing. 7. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, the first heat dissipating portion further comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of convex portions and the plurality of concave portions are distributed along an axial direction of the first housing. 8. The electric oil pump according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of convex portions have a same convex height, and a wall thickness of the first housing at the convex portion is larger than or equal to 1.5 times a convex height of the convex portion. 9. The electric oil pump according to claim 6, wherein a wall thickness of the first housing at the concave portion of the first heat dissipating portion is larger than or equal to 0.5 times a concave depth of the concave portion, and the plurality of concave portions have a same concave depth. 10. (canceled) 11. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein:
the first housing is made of a metal material and further comprises a first groove and a second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first groove and the second groove; and the electric oil pump further comprises a first annular seal ring and a second annular seal ring, the first annular seal ring is sleeved on the first groove, the second annular seal ring is sleeved on the second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first annular seal ring and the second annular seal ring. 12. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, further comprising a second housing, wherein the second housing is fixedly connected to the first housing and comprises a plurality of convex ribs, and the plurality of convex ribs are integrally formed with the second housing by injection molding and are arranged protruding away from the first housing. 13. (canceled) 14. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein:
the first heat dissipating portion comprises a start portion and an end portion along an axial direction of the first housing, and the start portion is closer to the pump rotor assembly than the end portion; and the stator assembly comprises a stator core, wherein along the axial direction of the first housing, the start portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located above the stator core and the end portion of the first heat dissipating portion is located below two thirds of the stator core in the context that a side of the stator core closer to the pump rotor assembly is defined as an upper side and a side of the stator core closer to the electric control board is defined as a lower side. 15. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein an area of a projection of the first heat dissipating portion onto the outer surface of the side wall is a first area, a surface area of the first heat dissipating portion is a second area, and the second area is larger than or equal to the first area. 16. The electric oil pump according to claim 15, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, and the plurality of convex portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the electric oil pump. 17. The electric oil pump according to claim 15, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of concave portions are continuously distributed or spaced apart along an axial direction of the first housing. 18. The electric oil pump according to claim 15, wherein the first heat dissipating portion comprises a plurality of convex portions, the plurality of convex portions are arranged protruding away from the outer surface, the first heat dissipating portion further comprises a plurality of concave portions, the plurality of concave portions are concaved from the outer surface toward a central axis of the first housing, and the plurality of convex portions and the plurality of concave portions are distributed along an axial direction of the first housing. 19. The electric oil pump according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of convex portions have a same convex height, and a wall thickness of the first housing at the convex portion is larger than or equal to 1.5 times a convex height of the convex portion. 20. The electric oil pump according to claim 17, wherein a wall thickness of the first housing at the concave portion of the first heat dissipating portion is larger than or equal to 0.5 times a concave depth of the concave portion, and the plurality of concave portions have a same concave depth. 21. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein:
the first housing is made of a metal material and further comprises a first groove and a second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first groove and the second groove; and the electric oil pump further comprises a first annular seal ring and a second annular seal ring, the first annular seal ring is sleeved on the first groove, the second annular seal ring is sleeved on the second groove, and the first heat dissipating portion is located between the first annular seal ring and the second annular seal ring. 22. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, further comprising a second housing, wherein the second housing is fixedly connected to the first housing and comprises a plurality of convex ribs, and the plurality of convex ribs are integrally formed with the second housing by injection molding and are arranged protruding away from the first housing. | 3,700 |
343,162 | 16,802,594 | 3,791 | A primates depression treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention include: a magnetic stimulation coil unit outputting magnetic stimulation having different characteristics corresponding to an asymmetry degree of a brain; and a controller determining an asymmetry degree between a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere on the basis of brain wave measurement data of the brain, and controlling the magnetic stimulation coil unit to output the magnetic stimulation having difference characteristics on the basis of control data that are determined in accordance with the determination result. | 1. A primates depression treatment apparatus comprising:
a magnetic stimulation coil unit outputting magnetic stimulation having different characteristics corresponding to an asymmetry degree of a brain; and a controller determining an asymmetry degree between a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere on the basis of brain wave measurement data of the brain, and controlling the magnetic stimulation coil unit to output the magnetic stimulation having difference characteristics on the basis of control data that are determined in accordance with the determination result. 2. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller creates quantified brain wave imbalance data of depression on the basis of the brain wave measurement data, classifies the created brain wave imbalance data in accordance with a state of the brain, and outputs the control data on the basis of the classified brain wave imbalance data. 3. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller performs classification according to the state of the brain on the basis of a first analysis result of an α-wave, a β-wave, a γ-wave, a δ-wave, and a θ-wave on the basis of the brain wave measurement data and a second analysis result about sizes of the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. 4. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller applies a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model to classify the brain imbalance data according to the state of the brain. 5. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller performs wired or wireless communication for providing the control data to the magnetic stimulation coil unit when the controller is disposed in a device separated from the magnetic stimulation coil unit. 6. A method of driving a primates depression treatment apparatus comprising:
outputting magnetic stimulation having different characteristics corresponding to an asymmetry degree of a brain; and determining an asymmetry degree between a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere on the basis of brain wave measurement data of the brain, and controlling the magnetic stimulation coil unit to output the magnetic stimulation having difference characteristics on the basis of control data that is determined in accordance with the determination result, by means of a controller. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
creating quantified brain wave imbalance data of depression on the basis of the brain wave measurement data; classifying the created brain wave imbalance data in accordance with a state of the brain; and outputting the control data on the basis of the classified brain wave imbalance data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the classifying according to a state of the brain performs classification according to the state of the brain on the basis of a first analysis result of an α-wave, a β-wave, a γ-wave, a δ-wave, and a θ-wave on the basis of the brain wave measurement data and a second analysis result about sizes of the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the classifying according to a state of the brain applies an SVM model to classify brain wave imbalance data according to the state of the brain. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising performing wired or wireless communication for providing the control data to the magnetic stimulation coil unit, in a device separated from the magnetic stimulation coil unit. | A primates depression treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention include: a magnetic stimulation coil unit outputting magnetic stimulation having different characteristics corresponding to an asymmetry degree of a brain; and a controller determining an asymmetry degree between a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere on the basis of brain wave measurement data of the brain, and controlling the magnetic stimulation coil unit to output the magnetic stimulation having difference characteristics on the basis of control data that are determined in accordance with the determination result.1. A primates depression treatment apparatus comprising:
a magnetic stimulation coil unit outputting magnetic stimulation having different characteristics corresponding to an asymmetry degree of a brain; and a controller determining an asymmetry degree between a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere on the basis of brain wave measurement data of the brain, and controlling the magnetic stimulation coil unit to output the magnetic stimulation having difference characteristics on the basis of control data that are determined in accordance with the determination result. 2. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller creates quantified brain wave imbalance data of depression on the basis of the brain wave measurement data, classifies the created brain wave imbalance data in accordance with a state of the brain, and outputs the control data on the basis of the classified brain wave imbalance data. 3. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller performs classification according to the state of the brain on the basis of a first analysis result of an α-wave, a β-wave, a γ-wave, a δ-wave, and a θ-wave on the basis of the brain wave measurement data and a second analysis result about sizes of the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. 4. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller applies a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model to classify the brain imbalance data according to the state of the brain. 5. The primates depression treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller performs wired or wireless communication for providing the control data to the magnetic stimulation coil unit when the controller is disposed in a device separated from the magnetic stimulation coil unit. 6. A method of driving a primates depression treatment apparatus comprising:
outputting magnetic stimulation having different characteristics corresponding to an asymmetry degree of a brain; and determining an asymmetry degree between a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere on the basis of brain wave measurement data of the brain, and controlling the magnetic stimulation coil unit to output the magnetic stimulation having difference characteristics on the basis of control data that is determined in accordance with the determination result, by means of a controller. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
creating quantified brain wave imbalance data of depression on the basis of the brain wave measurement data; classifying the created brain wave imbalance data in accordance with a state of the brain; and outputting the control data on the basis of the classified brain wave imbalance data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the classifying according to a state of the brain performs classification according to the state of the brain on the basis of a first analysis result of an α-wave, a β-wave, a γ-wave, a δ-wave, and a θ-wave on the basis of the brain wave measurement data and a second analysis result about sizes of the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the classifying according to a state of the brain applies an SVM model to classify brain wave imbalance data according to the state of the brain. 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising performing wired or wireless communication for providing the control data to the magnetic stimulation coil unit, in a device separated from the magnetic stimulation coil unit. | 3,700 |
343,163 | 16,642,886 | 3,791 | Disclosed herein are quantum dot devices, as well as related computing devices and methods. For example, in some embodiments, a quantum dot device may include a (111) silicon substrate, a (111) germanium quantum well layer above the substrate, and a plurality of gates above the quantum well layer. In some embodiments, a quantum dot device may include a silicon substrate, an insulating material above the silicon substrate, a quantum well layer above the insulating material, and a plurality of gates above the quantum well layer. | 1. A quantum dot device, comprising:
a substrate, wherein the substrate includes (111) silicon; a quantum well stack on the substrate, wherein the quantum well stack includes a quantum well layer and the quantum well layer includes (111) germanium; and a plurality of gates above the quantum well stack, wherein the quantum well layer is between the plurality of gates and the substrate. 2. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein the quantum well layer is relaxed. 3. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein the quantum well layer is strained. 4. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein the quantum well stack further includes:
a buffer layer between the substrate and the quantum well layer. 5. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein the buffer layer includes silicon germanium. 6. The quantum dot device of claim 5, wherein the buffer layer further includes a second material different from silicon germanium. 7. The quantum dot device of claim 6, wherein the second material includes germanium tin or a group III-group V material. 8. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein a germanium content of the buffer layer increases from the substrate towards the quantum well layer. 9. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein the buffer layer includes (111) germanium. 10. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein the quantum well stack further includes:
a barrier layer between the buffer layer and the quantum well layer. 11. The quantum dot device of claim 10, wherein the barrier layer is a first barrier layer, and the quantum well stack further includes:
a second barrier layer such that the quantum well layer is between the second barrier layer and the first barrier layer. 12. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein at least two gates of the plurality of gates are spaced apart by spacer material. 13-14. (canceled) 15. A quantum dot device, comprising:
a substrate, wherein the substrate includes silicon; a quantum well stack on the substrate, wherein the quantum well stack includes an insulating material and a quantum well layer, wherein the insulating material is between the substrate and the quantum well layer; and a plurality of gates above the quantum well stack, wherein the quantum well layer is between the plurality of gates and the substrate. 16. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer is an oxide. 17. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer is relaxed. 18. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer is strained. 19. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer has a thickness between 5 nanometers and 200 nanometers. 20. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the quantum well layer includes silicon. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A quantum computing device, comprising:
a quantum processing device, wherein the quantum processing device includes a quantum well stack on a substrate, the quantum well stack includes a layer of insulating material and a quantum well layer, the layer of insulating material is between the quantum well layer and the substrate, and the quantum processing device further includes a plurality of gates above the quantum well stack to control quantum dot formation in the quantum well stack; and a non-quantum processing device, coupled to the quantum processing device, to control voltages applied to the plurality of gates. 25. The quantum computing device of claim 24, further comprising:
a cooling apparatus to maintain a temperature of the quantum processing device below 5 degrees Kelvin. | Disclosed herein are quantum dot devices, as well as related computing devices and methods. For example, in some embodiments, a quantum dot device may include a (111) silicon substrate, a (111) germanium quantum well layer above the substrate, and a plurality of gates above the quantum well layer. In some embodiments, a quantum dot device may include a silicon substrate, an insulating material above the silicon substrate, a quantum well layer above the insulating material, and a plurality of gates above the quantum well layer.1. A quantum dot device, comprising:
a substrate, wherein the substrate includes (111) silicon; a quantum well stack on the substrate, wherein the quantum well stack includes a quantum well layer and the quantum well layer includes (111) germanium; and a plurality of gates above the quantum well stack, wherein the quantum well layer is between the plurality of gates and the substrate. 2. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein the quantum well layer is relaxed. 3. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein the quantum well layer is strained. 4. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein the quantum well stack further includes:
a buffer layer between the substrate and the quantum well layer. 5. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein the buffer layer includes silicon germanium. 6. The quantum dot device of claim 5, wherein the buffer layer further includes a second material different from silicon germanium. 7. The quantum dot device of claim 6, wherein the second material includes germanium tin or a group III-group V material. 8. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein a germanium content of the buffer layer increases from the substrate towards the quantum well layer. 9. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein the buffer layer includes (111) germanium. 10. The quantum dot device of claim 4, wherein the quantum well stack further includes:
a barrier layer between the buffer layer and the quantum well layer. 11. The quantum dot device of claim 10, wherein the barrier layer is a first barrier layer, and the quantum well stack further includes:
a second barrier layer such that the quantum well layer is between the second barrier layer and the first barrier layer. 12. The quantum dot device of claim 1, wherein at least two gates of the plurality of gates are spaced apart by spacer material. 13-14. (canceled) 15. A quantum dot device, comprising:
a substrate, wherein the substrate includes silicon; a quantum well stack on the substrate, wherein the quantum well stack includes an insulating material and a quantum well layer, wherein the insulating material is between the substrate and the quantum well layer; and a plurality of gates above the quantum well stack, wherein the quantum well layer is between the plurality of gates and the substrate. 16. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer is an oxide. 17. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer is relaxed. 18. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer is strained. 19. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the insulating layer has a thickness between 5 nanometers and 200 nanometers. 20. The quantum dot device of claim 15, wherein the quantum well layer includes silicon. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A quantum computing device, comprising:
a quantum processing device, wherein the quantum processing device includes a quantum well stack on a substrate, the quantum well stack includes a layer of insulating material and a quantum well layer, the layer of insulating material is between the quantum well layer and the substrate, and the quantum processing device further includes a plurality of gates above the quantum well stack to control quantum dot formation in the quantum well stack; and a non-quantum processing device, coupled to the quantum processing device, to control voltages applied to the plurality of gates. 25. The quantum computing device of claim 24, further comprising:
a cooling apparatus to maintain a temperature of the quantum processing device below 5 degrees Kelvin. | 3,700 |
343,164 | 16,642,896 | 3,791 | A method and device manager for controlling program components in a network device, wherein the network device is used for handling data traffic in a communication network. First, the device manager identifies, out of a set of predefined policies, a policy comprising rules which determine how the network device should operate when handling data traffic. Then, program components required to fulfil the identified policy are identified and existing program components present in the network device are determined. The device manager further pushes any of the required program components being absent in said existing program components, to the network device. Thereby, any network device(s) can be configured and/or upgraded automatically according to appropriate predefined policies, requiring a minimum of manual work. The predefined policies can also easily be modified or extended to deploy new and/or upgraded functions. | 1. A method performed by a device manager for controlling program components in a network device, wherein the network device is used for handling data traffic in a communication network, the method comprising:
identifying a policy out of a set of predefined policies, the identified policy comprising rules which determine how the network device should operate in the communication network; identifying program components required to fulfil the identified policy; determining existing program components present in the network device; and pushing to the network device one or more of the required program components absent in said existing program components in the network device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said one or more required program components absent in the existing program components are determined from a difference between the required program components and the existing program components. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed when detecting that the network device has joined the communication network, or when detecting that a policy affecting the network device has been added, removed, or changed. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the added, removed or changed policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the identified policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the policies in the set of predefined policies have priorities so that a policy with a first priority overrides a conflicting policy with a second priority lower than the first priority. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the existing program components comprises querying the network device to identify its existing program components or retrieving information on the existing program components from a data storage. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the required program components are to be executed in a dataplane of the network device to perform operations related to one or more of: switching, forwarding, routing, firewalling, caching, and packet inspection. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the communication network is a Software Defined Network (SDN). 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device manager obtains from a program component provider required program component or components that need to be pushed to the network device. 11. A device manager arranged to control program components in a network device, wherein the network device is used for handling data traffic in a communication network, wherein the device manager comprising:
a processor; and a memory containing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the device manager to perform operations to:
identify a policy out of a set of predefined policies, the identified policy comprising rules which determine how the network device should operate in the communication network;
identify program components required to fulfil the identified policy;
determine existing program components present in the network device; and
push to the network device one or more of the required program components absent in said existing program components in the network device. 12. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to determine said one or more required program components absent in the existing program components from a difference between the required program components and the existing program components. 13. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to operate when detecting that the network device has joined the communication network, or when detecting that a policy affecting the network device has been added, removed or changed. 14. The device manager according to claim 13, wherein the added, removed, or changed policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 15. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the identified policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 16. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the policies in the set of predefined policies have priorities so that a policy with a first priority overrides a conflicting policy with a second priority lower than the first priority. 17. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to determine the existing program components by querying the network device to identify its existing program components or by retrieving information on the existing program components from a data storage. 18. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the required program components are to be executed in a dataplane of the network device to perform operations related to one or more of: switching, forwarding, routing, firewalling, caching, and packet inspection. 19. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the communication network is a Software Defined Network, SDN. 20. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to obtain from a program component provider required program component or components that need to be pushed to the network device. 21-22. (canceled) | A method and device manager for controlling program components in a network device, wherein the network device is used for handling data traffic in a communication network. First, the device manager identifies, out of a set of predefined policies, a policy comprising rules which determine how the network device should operate when handling data traffic. Then, program components required to fulfil the identified policy are identified and existing program components present in the network device are determined. The device manager further pushes any of the required program components being absent in said existing program components, to the network device. Thereby, any network device(s) can be configured and/or upgraded automatically according to appropriate predefined policies, requiring a minimum of manual work. The predefined policies can also easily be modified or extended to deploy new and/or upgraded functions.1. A method performed by a device manager for controlling program components in a network device, wherein the network device is used for handling data traffic in a communication network, the method comprising:
identifying a policy out of a set of predefined policies, the identified policy comprising rules which determine how the network device should operate in the communication network; identifying program components required to fulfil the identified policy; determining existing program components present in the network device; and pushing to the network device one or more of the required program components absent in said existing program components in the network device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said one or more required program components absent in the existing program components are determined from a difference between the required program components and the existing program components. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed when detecting that the network device has joined the communication network, or when detecting that a policy affecting the network device has been added, removed, or changed. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the added, removed or changed policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the identified policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the policies in the set of predefined policies have priorities so that a policy with a first priority overrides a conflicting policy with a second priority lower than the first priority. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the existing program components comprises querying the network device to identify its existing program components or retrieving information on the existing program components from a data storage. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the required program components are to be executed in a dataplane of the network device to perform operations related to one or more of: switching, forwarding, routing, firewalling, caching, and packet inspection. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the communication network is a Software Defined Network (SDN). 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device manager obtains from a program component provider required program component or components that need to be pushed to the network device. 11. A device manager arranged to control program components in a network device, wherein the network device is used for handling data traffic in a communication network, wherein the device manager comprising:
a processor; and a memory containing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the device manager to perform operations to:
identify a policy out of a set of predefined policies, the identified policy comprising rules which determine how the network device should operate in the communication network;
identify program components required to fulfil the identified policy;
determine existing program components present in the network device; and
push to the network device one or more of the required program components absent in said existing program components in the network device. 12. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to determine said one or more required program components absent in the existing program components from a difference between the required program components and the existing program components. 13. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to operate when detecting that the network device has joined the communication network, or when detecting that a policy affecting the network device has been added, removed or changed. 14. The device manager according to claim 13, wherein the added, removed, or changed policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 15. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the identified policy is valid for one or more of: an identity of the network device, a type of the network device, a model of the network device, and a manufacturer of the network device. 16. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the policies in the set of predefined policies have priorities so that a policy with a first priority overrides a conflicting policy with a second priority lower than the first priority. 17. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to determine the existing program components by querying the network device to identify its existing program components or by retrieving information on the existing program components from a data storage. 18. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the required program components are to be executed in a dataplane of the network device to perform operations related to one or more of: switching, forwarding, routing, firewalling, caching, and packet inspection. 19. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the communication network is a Software Defined Network, SDN. 20. The device manager according to claim 11, wherein the device manager is configured to obtain from a program component provider required program component or components that need to be pushed to the network device. 21-22. (canceled) | 3,700 |
343,165 | 16,802,592 | 3,791 | A primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a multiplication voltage generator multiplying a designated voltage into voltages with different high frequencies; a first treatment stimulation coil unit treating herpes zoster by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a first frequency; a second treatment stimulation coil unit treating a herpes zoster post-pain by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a second frequency; and a controller selectively driving the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit. | 1. A primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus comprising:
a multiplication voltage generator multiplying a designated voltage into voltages with different high frequencies; a first treatment stimulation coil unit treating herpes zoster by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a first frequency; a second treatment stimulation coil unit treating a herpes zoster post-pain by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a second frequency; and a controller selectively driving the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit. 2. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit are operated with a switching unit that is controlled to perform switching by the controller. 3. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the multiplication voltage generator comprises a high-voltage multiplier multiplying voltage into high voltages with different frequency and then providing the voltages to the switching unit. 4. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the multiplication voltage generator comprises:
a start current compensator compensating for a start current by the designated voltage; a transformer generating a high voltage from the designated voltage; and a ZCS resonance inverter connected to a primary coil of the transformer and the start current compensator and performing a resonance operation by ZCS (zero-current switching). 5. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein when the ZCS resonance inverter is operated, voltage induced by a secondary coil of the transformer is input to the high-voltage multiplier. 6. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the multiplication voltage generator uses a full-wave Cockcroft Walton circuit as the high-voltage multiplier. 7. A method of driving a primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus, the method comprising:
multiplying a designated voltage into voltages with different frequencies by means of a multiplication voltage generator; treating herpes zoster by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied high voltage with a first frequency by means of a first treatment stimulation coil unit; treating a herpes zoster post-pain by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied high voltage with a second frequency by means of a second treatment stimulation coil unit; and selectively driving the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit by means of a controller. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising operating the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit with a switching unit that is controlled to perform switching by the controller. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the multiplication voltage generator uses a high-voltage multiplier multiplying voltage into high voltages with different frequency and then providing the voltages to the switching unit. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the multiplying comprises:
compensating for a start current by the designated voltage by means of a start current compensator; generating a high voltage from the designated voltage by means of a transformer; and performing a resonance operation by ZCS by means of a ZCS resonance inverter connected to a primary coil of the transformer and the start current compensator. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein when the ZCS resonance inverter is operated, voltage induced by a secondary coil of the transformer is input to the high-voltage multiplier. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the multiplication voltage generator uses a full-wave Cockcroft Walton circuit as the high-voltage multiplier. | A primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a multiplication voltage generator multiplying a designated voltage into voltages with different high frequencies; a first treatment stimulation coil unit treating herpes zoster by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a first frequency; a second treatment stimulation coil unit treating a herpes zoster post-pain by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a second frequency; and a controller selectively driving the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit.1. A primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus comprising:
a multiplication voltage generator multiplying a designated voltage into voltages with different high frequencies; a first treatment stimulation coil unit treating herpes zoster by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a first frequency; a second treatment stimulation coil unit treating a herpes zoster post-pain by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied voltage with a second frequency; and a controller selectively driving the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit. 2. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit are operated with a switching unit that is controlled to perform switching by the controller. 3. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the multiplication voltage generator comprises a high-voltage multiplier multiplying voltage into high voltages with different frequency and then providing the voltages to the switching unit. 4. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the multiplication voltage generator comprises:
a start current compensator compensating for a start current by the designated voltage; a transformer generating a high voltage from the designated voltage; and a ZCS resonance inverter connected to a primary coil of the transformer and the start current compensator and performing a resonance operation by ZCS (zero-current switching). 5. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein when the ZCS resonance inverter is operated, voltage induced by a secondary coil of the transformer is input to the high-voltage multiplier. 6. The primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the multiplication voltage generator uses a full-wave Cockcroft Walton circuit as the high-voltage multiplier. 7. A method of driving a primates herpes zoster treatment apparatus, the method comprising:
multiplying a designated voltage into voltages with different frequencies by means of a multiplication voltage generator; treating herpes zoster by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied high voltage with a first frequency by means of a first treatment stimulation coil unit; treating a herpes zoster post-pain by outputting a magnetic stimulation pulse by the multiplied high voltage with a second frequency by means of a second treatment stimulation coil unit; and selectively driving the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit by means of a controller. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising operating the first treatment stimulation coil unit and the second treatment stimulation coil unit with a switching unit that is controlled to perform switching by the controller. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the multiplication voltage generator uses a high-voltage multiplier multiplying voltage into high voltages with different frequency and then providing the voltages to the switching unit. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the multiplying comprises:
compensating for a start current by the designated voltage by means of a start current compensator; generating a high voltage from the designated voltage by means of a transformer; and performing a resonance operation by ZCS by means of a ZCS resonance inverter connected to a primary coil of the transformer and the start current compensator. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein when the ZCS resonance inverter is operated, voltage induced by a secondary coil of the transformer is input to the high-voltage multiplier. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the multiplication voltage generator uses a full-wave Cockcroft Walton circuit as the high-voltage multiplier. | 3,700 |
343,166 | 16,642,848 | 3,791 | A resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, and a compound (B1) represented by general formula (b1), wherein Rb1 represents a monovalent C17-C50 hydrocarbon group having a steroid skeleton, provided that the hydrocarbon group optionally contains a hetero atom; Yb1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate ester group, an ether group, a carbonate ester group, a carbonyl group and an amide group; Vb1 represents an alkylene group, a fluorinated alkylene group or a single bond; one of Rf1 and Rf2 represents a hydrogen atom, and the other represents a fluorine atom; m represents an integer of 1 or more; and Mm+ represents an m-valent organic cation. | 1. A resist composition which generates acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resist composition comprising:
a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, and a compound (B1) represented by general formula (b1): 2. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the compound (B1), relative to 100 parts by weight of the base component (A) is 10 to 35 parts by weight. 3. A method of forming a resist pattern, comprising:
using a resist composition of claim 1 to form a resist film, exposing the resist film, and developing the exposed resist film to form a resist pattern. 4. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the anion moiety of the compound (B1) is represented by general formula (b1-an1) shown below: 5. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound (B1) is represented by general formula (b1-1) shown below: | A resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, and a compound (B1) represented by general formula (b1), wherein Rb1 represents a monovalent C17-C50 hydrocarbon group having a steroid skeleton, provided that the hydrocarbon group optionally contains a hetero atom; Yb1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate ester group, an ether group, a carbonate ester group, a carbonyl group and an amide group; Vb1 represents an alkylene group, a fluorinated alkylene group or a single bond; one of Rf1 and Rf2 represents a hydrogen atom, and the other represents a fluorine atom; m represents an integer of 1 or more; and Mm+ represents an m-valent organic cation.1. A resist composition which generates acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resist composition comprising:
a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, and a compound (B1) represented by general formula (b1): 2. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the compound (B1), relative to 100 parts by weight of the base component (A) is 10 to 35 parts by weight. 3. A method of forming a resist pattern, comprising:
using a resist composition of claim 1 to form a resist film, exposing the resist film, and developing the exposed resist film to form a resist pattern. 4. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the anion moiety of the compound (B1) is represented by general formula (b1-an1) shown below: 5. The resist composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound (B1) is represented by general formula (b1-1) shown below: | 3,700 |
343,167 | 16,802,587 | 3,791 | A primates dementia treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a sensing unit including sensors that sense a cerebral state and a nerve conduction state of a cerebral cortex; a stimulation pulse output unit outputting a stimulation treatment pulse suitable for a cerebral cortex varied by a disease; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse output unit to generate and output a stimulation treatment pulse customized for each user to be suitable for a form of a cerebral cortex varied by a disease in accordance with a result of real-time checking the cerebral state on the basis of sensing data of the sensing unit. | 1. A primates dementia treatment apparatus comprising:
a sensing unit including sensors that sense a cerebral state and a nerve conduction state of a cerebral cortex; a stimulation pulse output unit outputting a stimulation treatment pulse suitable for a cerebral cortex varied by a disease; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse output unit to generate and output a stimulation treatment pulse customized for each user to be suitable for a form of a cerebral cortex varied by a disease in accordance with a result of real-time checking of the cerebral state on the basis of sensing data of the sensing unit. 2. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller checks a form of a cerebral cortex and a disease progression state as the cerebral state and the nerve conduction state on the basis of the sensing data. 3. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing unit includes an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor that senses the cerebral state and an electromyography (EMG) sensor that senses the nerve conduction state. 4. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse output unit includes a DC superposition network that superposes and delays the stimulation treatment pulse to fit to a depth and an area of a cerebral cortex of each user in order for treatment according to a reduction of a brain size. 5. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein the stimulation pulse output unit further includes a stimulation coil unit that discharges the stimulation treatment pulse of the DC superposition network under the control of the controller. 6. A method of driving a primates dementia treatment apparatus, the method comprising:
sensing a cerebral state and a nerve conduction state of a cerebral cortex by means of a sensing unit; outputting a stimulation treatment pulse suitable for a cerebral cortex varied by a disease by means of a stimulation pulse output unit; and controlling the stimulation pulse output unit to generate and output a stimulation treatment pulse customized for each user to be suitable for a form of a cerebral cortex varied by a disease in accordance with a result of real-time checking the cerebral state on the basis of sensing data of the sensing unit by means of a controller. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the controlling includes checking a form of a cerebral cortex and a disease progression state as the cerebral state and the nerve conduction state on the basis of the sensing data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the sensing senses the cerebral state using an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor and senses the nerve conduction state using an electromyography (EMG) sensor. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the outputting of a stimulation treatment pulse includes superposing and delaying the stimulation treatment pulse to fit to a depth and an area of a cerebral cortex of each user in order for treatment according to a reduction of a brain size, using a DC superposition network of the stimulation pulse output unit. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the outputting of a stimulation treatment pulse discharges the stimulation treatment pulse of the DC superposition network under the control of the controller, using a stimulation coil unit of the stimulation pulse output unit. | A primates dementia treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a sensing unit including sensors that sense a cerebral state and a nerve conduction state of a cerebral cortex; a stimulation pulse output unit outputting a stimulation treatment pulse suitable for a cerebral cortex varied by a disease; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse output unit to generate and output a stimulation treatment pulse customized for each user to be suitable for a form of a cerebral cortex varied by a disease in accordance with a result of real-time checking the cerebral state on the basis of sensing data of the sensing unit.1. A primates dementia treatment apparatus comprising:
a sensing unit including sensors that sense a cerebral state and a nerve conduction state of a cerebral cortex; a stimulation pulse output unit outputting a stimulation treatment pulse suitable for a cerebral cortex varied by a disease; and a controller controlling the stimulation pulse output unit to generate and output a stimulation treatment pulse customized for each user to be suitable for a form of a cerebral cortex varied by a disease in accordance with a result of real-time checking of the cerebral state on the basis of sensing data of the sensing unit. 2. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller checks a form of a cerebral cortex and a disease progression state as the cerebral state and the nerve conduction state on the basis of the sensing data. 3. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing unit includes an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor that senses the cerebral state and an electromyography (EMG) sensor that senses the nerve conduction state. 4. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse output unit includes a DC superposition network that superposes and delays the stimulation treatment pulse to fit to a depth and an area of a cerebral cortex of each user in order for treatment according to a reduction of a brain size. 5. The primates dementia treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein the stimulation pulse output unit further includes a stimulation coil unit that discharges the stimulation treatment pulse of the DC superposition network under the control of the controller. 6. A method of driving a primates dementia treatment apparatus, the method comprising:
sensing a cerebral state and a nerve conduction state of a cerebral cortex by means of a sensing unit; outputting a stimulation treatment pulse suitable for a cerebral cortex varied by a disease by means of a stimulation pulse output unit; and controlling the stimulation pulse output unit to generate and output a stimulation treatment pulse customized for each user to be suitable for a form of a cerebral cortex varied by a disease in accordance with a result of real-time checking the cerebral state on the basis of sensing data of the sensing unit by means of a controller. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the controlling includes checking a form of a cerebral cortex and a disease progression state as the cerebral state and the nerve conduction state on the basis of the sensing data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the sensing senses the cerebral state using an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor and senses the nerve conduction state using an electromyography (EMG) sensor. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the outputting of a stimulation treatment pulse includes superposing and delaying the stimulation treatment pulse to fit to a depth and an area of a cerebral cortex of each user in order for treatment according to a reduction of a brain size, using a DC superposition network of the stimulation pulse output unit. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the outputting of a stimulation treatment pulse discharges the stimulation treatment pulse of the DC superposition network under the control of the controller, using a stimulation coil unit of the stimulation pulse output unit. | 3,700 |
343,168 | 16,802,567 | 3,793 | An imaging member including: a pressing member that presses a breast of a subject; and an ultrasonography member that has a first surface on which an acoustic matching member having fluidity is provided, and is provided such that a second surface on a side opposite to the first surface is provided on a surface of the pressing member, which is on a side opposite to a surface that comes into contact with the breast, via a coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member. | 1. An imaging member comprising:
a pressing member that presses a breast of a subject; and an ultrasonography member that has a first surface on which an acoustic matching member having fluidity is provided, and is provided such that a second surface on a side opposite to the first surface is provided on a surface of the pressing member, which is on a side opposite to a surface that comes into contact with the breast, via a coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member. 2. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein a size of the second surface of the ultrasonography member is smaller than a size of the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 3. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein in the ultrasonography member, a projection extending in a side opposite to the second surface is provided on a side corresponding to a chest wall side of the subject and a pair of facing sides intersecting the side corresponding to the chest wall side, of the first surface. 4. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonography member is fixed to the pressing member. 5. The imaging member according to claim 1, further comprising a fixture that fixes the pressing member and the ultrasonography member. 6. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein each of the pressing member and the ultrasonography member is provided with a mark for positioning of the pressing member and the ultrasonography member. 7. A control device comprising:
a radiography control unit that performs control of irradiating a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1 with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of the breast; and an ultrasonography control unit that performs control of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast in a state where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member and the acoustic matching member is provided on the first surface of the ultrasonography member. 8. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the radiography control unit performs control of prohibiting capture of the radiographic image in a case where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 9. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the radiography control unit performs control of warning against capture of the radiographic image in a case where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 10. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the radiography control unit performs control of prohibiting that the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, before capture of the radiographic image. 11. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonography control unit performs control of prohibiting capture of the ultrasound image in a case where the ultrasonography member is not provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 12. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonography control unit performs control of warning against capture of the ultrasound image in a case where the ultrasonography member is not provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 13. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonography control unit performs control of prohibiting capture of the ultrasound image in a case where the coupling material is not provided between the ultrasonography member and the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 14. A medical imaging system comprising:
a mammography apparatus that causes a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1; an ultrasonography apparatus that captures an ultrasound image of the breast being in the pressed state by the pressing member and the ultrasonography member of the imaging member; and the control device according to claim 7, which controls capture of the radiographic image by the mammography apparatus and capture of the ultrasound image by the ultrasonography apparatus. 15. A medical imaging system comprising:
a medical imaging apparatus that causes a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1, and causes an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast being in the pressed state by the pressing member and the ultrasonography member of the imaging member; and the control device according to claim 7, which controls capture of the radiographic image by the medical imaging apparatus and capture of the ultrasound image by the ultrasonography apparatus. 16. An imaging method using the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1, the imaging method comprising:
a step of causing a breast to be in a pressed state by the pressing member; a step of irradiating the breast in the pressed state with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image; a step of providing the ultrasonography member on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member; and a step of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image after providing the acoustic matching member on the ultrasonography member. 17. A control method for a computer to execute a process comprising:
performing control of irradiating a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1 with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of the breast; and performing control of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast in a state where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member and the acoustic matching member is provided on the first surface of the ultrasonography member. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a control program causing a computer to execute a process comprising:
performing control of irradiating a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1 with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of the breast; and performing control of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast in a state where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member and the acoustic matching member is provided on the first surface of the ultrasonography member. | An imaging member including: a pressing member that presses a breast of a subject; and an ultrasonography member that has a first surface on which an acoustic matching member having fluidity is provided, and is provided such that a second surface on a side opposite to the first surface is provided on a surface of the pressing member, which is on a side opposite to a surface that comes into contact with the breast, via a coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member.1. An imaging member comprising:
a pressing member that presses a breast of a subject; and an ultrasonography member that has a first surface on which an acoustic matching member having fluidity is provided, and is provided such that a second surface on a side opposite to the first surface is provided on a surface of the pressing member, which is on a side opposite to a surface that comes into contact with the breast, via a coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member. 2. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein a size of the second surface of the ultrasonography member is smaller than a size of the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 3. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein in the ultrasonography member, a projection extending in a side opposite to the second surface is provided on a side corresponding to a chest wall side of the subject and a pair of facing sides intersecting the side corresponding to the chest wall side, of the first surface. 4. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonography member is fixed to the pressing member. 5. The imaging member according to claim 1, further comprising a fixture that fixes the pressing member and the ultrasonography member. 6. The imaging member according to claim 1, wherein each of the pressing member and the ultrasonography member is provided with a mark for positioning of the pressing member and the ultrasonography member. 7. A control device comprising:
a radiography control unit that performs control of irradiating a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1 with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of the breast; and an ultrasonography control unit that performs control of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast in a state where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member and the acoustic matching member is provided on the first surface of the ultrasonography member. 8. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the radiography control unit performs control of prohibiting capture of the radiographic image in a case where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 9. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the radiography control unit performs control of warning against capture of the radiographic image in a case where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 10. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the radiography control unit performs control of prohibiting that the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, before capture of the radiographic image. 11. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonography control unit performs control of prohibiting capture of the ultrasound image in a case where the ultrasonography member is not provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 12. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonography control unit performs control of warning against capture of the ultrasound image in a case where the ultrasonography member is not provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 13. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonography control unit performs control of prohibiting capture of the ultrasound image in a case where the coupling material is not provided between the ultrasonography member and the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast. 14. A medical imaging system comprising:
a mammography apparatus that causes a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1; an ultrasonography apparatus that captures an ultrasound image of the breast being in the pressed state by the pressing member and the ultrasonography member of the imaging member; and the control device according to claim 7, which controls capture of the radiographic image by the mammography apparatus and capture of the ultrasound image by the ultrasonography apparatus. 15. A medical imaging system comprising:
a medical imaging apparatus that causes a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1, and causes an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast being in the pressed state by the pressing member and the ultrasonography member of the imaging member; and the control device according to claim 7, which controls capture of the radiographic image by the medical imaging apparatus and capture of the ultrasound image by the ultrasonography apparatus. 16. An imaging method using the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1, the imaging method comprising:
a step of causing a breast to be in a pressed state by the pressing member; a step of irradiating the breast in the pressed state with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image; a step of providing the ultrasonography member on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member; and a step of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image after providing the acoustic matching member on the ultrasonography member. 17. A control method for a computer to execute a process comprising:
performing control of irradiating a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1 with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of the breast; and performing control of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast in a state where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member and the acoustic matching member is provided on the first surface of the ultrasonography member. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a control program causing a computer to execute a process comprising:
performing control of irradiating a breast which is in a pressed state by the pressing member of the imaging member according to claim 1 with radiation and causing a radiation detector to capture a radiographic image of the breast; and performing control of causing an ultrasonography apparatus to capture an ultrasound image of the breast in a state where the ultrasonography member is provided on the surface of the pressing member which is on the side opposite to the surface that comes into contact with the breast, via the coupling material having lower fluidity than the acoustic matching member and the acoustic matching member is provided on the first surface of the ultrasonography member. | 3,700 |
343,169 | 16,802,556 | 3,793 | A slow-release composition comprising: first host material comprising a mesoporous molecular sieve; guest material within the first host material, the guest material comprising at least one pheromone, wherein the pheromone is selected from a group consisting of: 1,7-dioxaspiro-5,5-undecane; Z-7-Tetradecenal; E-11-hexadecenal; E-11-Hexedecenyl-1-acetate; E,E-8,11-dodecandien-1-ol; Z,E-9,11,13-Tetradecatrienal, and E,Z,Z-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. | 1. A slow-release composition comprising:
first host material comprising 2. The slow-release composition of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous molecular sieve is selected from:
silica; Al2O3, K-10 Montmorillonite and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. 3. A variable-release composition comprising:
first host material comprising a mesoporous molecular sieve; second host material selected from a second group consisting of: Na—X and derivatives thereof, Na—Y and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof; guest material within the first host material and within the second host material, the guest material comprising at least one pheromone, wherein the pheromone is independently selected for each of the first host material and the second host material from a group consisting of: 1,7-dioxaspiro-5,5-undecane; Z-7-Tetradecenal; E-11-hexadecenal; E-11-Hexedecenyl-1-acetate; E,E-8,11-dodecandien-1-ol; Z,E-9,11,13-Tetradecatrienal, and E,Z,Z-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. 4. The composition of claim 3, the mesoporous molecular sieve consisting of:
silica; Al2O3, K-10 Montmorillonite and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition is not incorporated into a matrix made of a polymeric material. 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the first host material consists of silica. 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the first host material consists of silica. 8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising spinosids. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the spinosids comprise spinosyn A and spinosyn D. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein spinosyn A and spinosyn D are in a 20/1 to 15/5 ratio respectively. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein spinosyn A and spinosyn D are in a 20/2 to 16/4 ratio respectively. 12. The composition of claim 4, wherein Na—X and derivatives thereof is selected from a group consisting of: Na—X; H—X, Zn—X, Ca—X, K—X and combinations thereof. 13. The composition of claim 4, wherein Na—Y and derivatives thereof is selected from a group consisting of: Na—Y; K—Y, Ca—Y, Zn—Y, H—Y, NH4—Y, Al—Y, and combinations thereof. 14. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one protective agent, the protective agent being effective in protecting the guest material against at least one of a group consisting of oxidation, photodegradation, hydrolysis, and thermal decomposition. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the at least one agent is situated in the first host material or adjacent thereto. 16. The composition of claim 14, wherein the agent is at least one antioxidant. 17. The composition of claim 14, further comprising an opaque coating on the first host material. 18. The composition of claim 4, further comprising an opaque coating on the first host material and/or second host material. 19. A dispenser comprising the composition of claim 1. 20. The dispenser of claim 19, wherein the dispenser is essentially opaque. | A slow-release composition comprising: first host material comprising a mesoporous molecular sieve; guest material within the first host material, the guest material comprising at least one pheromone, wherein the pheromone is selected from a group consisting of: 1,7-dioxaspiro-5,5-undecane; Z-7-Tetradecenal; E-11-hexadecenal; E-11-Hexedecenyl-1-acetate; E,E-8,11-dodecandien-1-ol; Z,E-9,11,13-Tetradecatrienal, and E,Z,Z-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, and mixtures thereof.1. A slow-release composition comprising:
first host material comprising 2. The slow-release composition of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous molecular sieve is selected from:
silica; Al2O3, K-10 Montmorillonite and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. 3. A variable-release composition comprising:
first host material comprising a mesoporous molecular sieve; second host material selected from a second group consisting of: Na—X and derivatives thereof, Na—Y and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof; guest material within the first host material and within the second host material, the guest material comprising at least one pheromone, wherein the pheromone is independently selected for each of the first host material and the second host material from a group consisting of: 1,7-dioxaspiro-5,5-undecane; Z-7-Tetradecenal; E-11-hexadecenal; E-11-Hexedecenyl-1-acetate; E,E-8,11-dodecandien-1-ol; Z,E-9,11,13-Tetradecatrienal, and E,Z,Z-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. 4. The composition of claim 3, the mesoporous molecular sieve consisting of:
silica; Al2O3, K-10 Montmorillonite and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition is not incorporated into a matrix made of a polymeric material. 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the first host material consists of silica. 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the first host material consists of silica. 8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising spinosids. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the spinosids comprise spinosyn A and spinosyn D. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein spinosyn A and spinosyn D are in a 20/1 to 15/5 ratio respectively. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein spinosyn A and spinosyn D are in a 20/2 to 16/4 ratio respectively. 12. The composition of claim 4, wherein Na—X and derivatives thereof is selected from a group consisting of: Na—X; H—X, Zn—X, Ca—X, K—X and combinations thereof. 13. The composition of claim 4, wherein Na—Y and derivatives thereof is selected from a group consisting of: Na—Y; K—Y, Ca—Y, Zn—Y, H—Y, NH4—Y, Al—Y, and combinations thereof. 14. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one protective agent, the protective agent being effective in protecting the guest material against at least one of a group consisting of oxidation, photodegradation, hydrolysis, and thermal decomposition. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the at least one agent is situated in the first host material or adjacent thereto. 16. The composition of claim 14, wherein the agent is at least one antioxidant. 17. The composition of claim 14, further comprising an opaque coating on the first host material. 18. The composition of claim 4, further comprising an opaque coating on the first host material and/or second host material. 19. A dispenser comprising the composition of claim 1. 20. The dispenser of claim 19, wherein the dispenser is essentially opaque. | 3,700 |
343,170 | 16,802,560 | 3,793 | A housing includes a terminal accommodating chamber and a lance. The lance includes a locking portion configured to lock the abutting edge of the terminal, a clearance portion, and a boundary portion between the locking portion and the escape portion. The locking portion is provided on one side of the boundary portion toward which the lance deflects in the first direction, and the clearance portion being provided on another side of the boundary portion toward which the lance returns in the second direction. An edge of the locking portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion and an edge of the clearance portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion are disposed away from the boundary portion toward the rear side of the housing from which the terminal is inserted. | 1. A housing comprising:
a terminal accommodating chamber configured to accommodate a terminal inserted from a rear side of the housing, the terminal having an abutting portion at a rear end of the terminal; and a lance configured to deflect in a first direction when the terminal is inserted into the terminal accommodating chamber and pushes the lance out of the terminal accommodating chamber, and to return in a second direction when the terminal is further inserted to lock the abutting portion of the terminal at a distal end portion of the lance, the distal end portion of the lance including:
a locking portion configured to lock the abutting portion of the terminal;
a clearance portion; and
a boundary portion between the locking portion and the clearance portion, the locking portion being provided on one side of the boundary portion toward which the lance deflects in the first direction, and the clearance portion being provided on another side of the boundary portion toward which the lance returns in the second direction,
wherein an edge of the locking portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion and an edge of the clearance portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion are disposed away from the boundary portion toward the rear side of the housing from which the terminal is inserted. 2. The housing according to claim 1,
wherein the locking portion includes an inclined surface extending form the boundary portion to the edge of the locking portion. 3. The housing according to claim 1,
wherein the clearance portion includes an inclined surface extending from the boundary portion to the edge of the clearance portion, and the inclined surface of the clearance portion is configured such that the lance returns in the second direction without an interference between the clearance portion and the abutting edge of the terminal inserted into the terminal accommodating chamber. 4. The housing according to claim 1,
wherein the terminal accommodating chamber includes:
a bottom wall;
side walls on both sides of the bottom wall; and
a terminal presser provided on at least one of the side walls and facing the bottom wall, and
the terminal presser is connected to the lance. 5. The housing according to claim 4,
wherein the at least one of the side walls on which the terminal presser is provided has a slit along the terminal presser. | A housing includes a terminal accommodating chamber and a lance. The lance includes a locking portion configured to lock the abutting edge of the terminal, a clearance portion, and a boundary portion between the locking portion and the escape portion. The locking portion is provided on one side of the boundary portion toward which the lance deflects in the first direction, and the clearance portion being provided on another side of the boundary portion toward which the lance returns in the second direction. An edge of the locking portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion and an edge of the clearance portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion are disposed away from the boundary portion toward the rear side of the housing from which the terminal is inserted.1. A housing comprising:
a terminal accommodating chamber configured to accommodate a terminal inserted from a rear side of the housing, the terminal having an abutting portion at a rear end of the terminal; and a lance configured to deflect in a first direction when the terminal is inserted into the terminal accommodating chamber and pushes the lance out of the terminal accommodating chamber, and to return in a second direction when the terminal is further inserted to lock the abutting portion of the terminal at a distal end portion of the lance, the distal end portion of the lance including:
a locking portion configured to lock the abutting portion of the terminal;
a clearance portion; and
a boundary portion between the locking portion and the clearance portion, the locking portion being provided on one side of the boundary portion toward which the lance deflects in the first direction, and the clearance portion being provided on another side of the boundary portion toward which the lance returns in the second direction,
wherein an edge of the locking portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion and an edge of the clearance portion on a side opposite to the boundary portion are disposed away from the boundary portion toward the rear side of the housing from which the terminal is inserted. 2. The housing according to claim 1,
wherein the locking portion includes an inclined surface extending form the boundary portion to the edge of the locking portion. 3. The housing according to claim 1,
wherein the clearance portion includes an inclined surface extending from the boundary portion to the edge of the clearance portion, and the inclined surface of the clearance portion is configured such that the lance returns in the second direction without an interference between the clearance portion and the abutting edge of the terminal inserted into the terminal accommodating chamber. 4. The housing according to claim 1,
wherein the terminal accommodating chamber includes:
a bottom wall;
side walls on both sides of the bottom wall; and
a terminal presser provided on at least one of the side walls and facing the bottom wall, and
the terminal presser is connected to the lance. 5. The housing according to claim 4,
wherein the at least one of the side walls on which the terminal presser is provided has a slit along the terminal presser. | 3,700 |
343,171 | 16,642,894 | 3,793 | An apparatus and method for efficient image optimized image stitching. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: feature search area identification circuitry/logic to narrow down a feature search area based on possible overlap between two image frames; feature detection circuitry/logic to identify a plurality of feature points in a first image frame of the two image frames; feature matching circuitry/logic to map one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in the right image frame; image frame stitching and blending circuitry/logic to stitch the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames and to blend a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. | 1. An augmented reality or virtual reality system comprising:
feature search area identification circuitry/logic to narrow down a feature search area based on possible overlap between two image frames; feature detection circuitry/logic to identify a plurality of feature points in a first image frame of the two image frames; feature matching circuitry/logic to track the feature points and map one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in a second image frame; and image frame stitching and blending circuitry/logic to stitch the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames and to blend a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the possible overlap is determined based on a detected camera focal length, an object distance, and/or a user's current viewing orientation. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feature matching circuitry/logic is to use optical flow to track and map the feature points. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein narrowing down a feature search area comprises selecting a first overlapping portion of the first image frame to be centered on a second overlapping portion of the second image frame. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein narrowing down the feature search area further comprises reducing the size of the first overlapping portion by a specified amount to generate a first reduced overlapping portion. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the feature detection circuitry/logic is configured to identify the plurality of feature points within the first reduced size overlapping portion. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the feature detection circuitry/logic is to use Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detection. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feature matching circuitry/logic is configured to track the feature points by recording motion vectors for the feature points. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the feature matching circuitry/logic is further configured to filter out feature points which do not sufficiently contribute to tracking and mapping. 10. A method comprising:
narrowing down a feature search area in a first image frame based on possible overlap between the first image frame and a second image frame; identifying a plurality of feature points in the first image frame; tracking the feature points and mapping one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in a second image frame; and stitching the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames; and blending a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the possible overlap is determined based on a detected camera focal length, an object distance, and/or a user's current viewing orientation. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein optical flow is used to track and map the feature points. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein narrowing down a feature search area comprises selecting a first overlapping portion of the first image frame to be centered on a second overlapping portion of the second image frame. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein narrowing down the feature search area further comprises reducing the size of the first overlapping portion by a specified amount to generate a first reduced overlapping portion. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the plurality of feature points are to be identified within the first reduced size overlapping portion. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detection is used to detect the plurality of features. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein the feature points are tracked by recording motion vectors for the feature points. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
filtering out feature points which do not sufficiently contribute to tracking and mapping. 19. A machine-readable medium having program code stored thereon which, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform the operations of:
narrowing down a feature search area in a first image frame based on possible overlap between the first image frame and a second image frame; identifying a plurality of feature points in the first image frame; tracking the feature points and mapping one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in a second image frame; and stitching the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames; and blending a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the possible overlap is determined based on a detected camera focal length, an object distance, and/or a user's current viewing orientation. 21. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein optical flow is used to track and map the feature points. 22. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein narrowing down a feature search area comprises selecting a first overlapping portion of the first image frame to be centered on a second overlapping portion of the second image frame. 23. The machine-readable medium of claim 22 wherein narrowing down the feature search area further comprises reducing the size of the first overlapping portion by a specified amount to generate a first reduced overlapping portion. 24. The machine-readable medium of claim 23 wherein the plurality of feature points are to be identified within the first reduced size overlapping portion. 25. The machine-readable medium of claim 24 wherein Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detection is used to detect the plurality of features. 26. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the feature points are tracked by recording motion vectors for the feature points. 27. The machine-readable medium of claim 26 comprising additional program code to cause the machine to perform the operation of:
filtering out feature points which do not sufficiently contribute to tracking and mapping. | An apparatus and method for efficient image optimized image stitching. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: feature search area identification circuitry/logic to narrow down a feature search area based on possible overlap between two image frames; feature detection circuitry/logic to identify a plurality of feature points in a first image frame of the two image frames; feature matching circuitry/logic to map one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in the right image frame; image frame stitching and blending circuitry/logic to stitch the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames and to blend a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame.1. An augmented reality or virtual reality system comprising:
feature search area identification circuitry/logic to narrow down a feature search area based on possible overlap between two image frames; feature detection circuitry/logic to identify a plurality of feature points in a first image frame of the two image frames; feature matching circuitry/logic to track the feature points and map one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in a second image frame; and image frame stitching and blending circuitry/logic to stitch the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames and to blend a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the possible overlap is determined based on a detected camera focal length, an object distance, and/or a user's current viewing orientation. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feature matching circuitry/logic is to use optical flow to track and map the feature points. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein narrowing down a feature search area comprises selecting a first overlapping portion of the first image frame to be centered on a second overlapping portion of the second image frame. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein narrowing down the feature search area further comprises reducing the size of the first overlapping portion by a specified amount to generate a first reduced overlapping portion. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the feature detection circuitry/logic is configured to identify the plurality of feature points within the first reduced size overlapping portion. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the feature detection circuitry/logic is to use Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detection. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feature matching circuitry/logic is configured to track the feature points by recording motion vectors for the feature points. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the feature matching circuitry/logic is further configured to filter out feature points which do not sufficiently contribute to tracking and mapping. 10. A method comprising:
narrowing down a feature search area in a first image frame based on possible overlap between the first image frame and a second image frame; identifying a plurality of feature points in the first image frame; tracking the feature points and mapping one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in a second image frame; and stitching the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames; and blending a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the possible overlap is determined based on a detected camera focal length, an object distance, and/or a user's current viewing orientation. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein optical flow is used to track and map the feature points. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein narrowing down a feature search area comprises selecting a first overlapping portion of the first image frame to be centered on a second overlapping portion of the second image frame. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein narrowing down the feature search area further comprises reducing the size of the first overlapping portion by a specified amount to generate a first reduced overlapping portion. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the plurality of feature points are to be identified within the first reduced size overlapping portion. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detection is used to detect the plurality of features. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein the feature points are tracked by recording motion vectors for the feature points. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
filtering out feature points which do not sufficiently contribute to tracking and mapping. 19. A machine-readable medium having program code stored thereon which, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform the operations of:
narrowing down a feature search area in a first image frame based on possible overlap between the first image frame and a second image frame; identifying a plurality of feature points in the first image frame; tracking the feature points and mapping one or more of the plurality of feature points from the first image frame to corresponding feature points in a second image frame; and stitching the first image frame and second image frame based on the mapping of the feature points between the two image frames; and blending a portion of the first image frame with a portion of the second image frame. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the possible overlap is determined based on a detected camera focal length, an object distance, and/or a user's current viewing orientation. 21. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein optical flow is used to track and map the feature points. 22. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein narrowing down a feature search area comprises selecting a first overlapping portion of the first image frame to be centered on a second overlapping portion of the second image frame. 23. The machine-readable medium of claim 22 wherein narrowing down the feature search area further comprises reducing the size of the first overlapping portion by a specified amount to generate a first reduced overlapping portion. 24. The machine-readable medium of claim 23 wherein the plurality of feature points are to be identified within the first reduced size overlapping portion. 25. The machine-readable medium of claim 24 wherein Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detection is used to detect the plurality of features. 26. The machine-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the feature points are tracked by recording motion vectors for the feature points. 27. The machine-readable medium of claim 26 comprising additional program code to cause the machine to perform the operation of:
filtering out feature points which do not sufficiently contribute to tracking and mapping. | 3,700 |
343,172 | 16,802,554 | 3,793 | Methods for the atomic layer etch (ALE) of tungsten or other metal layers are disclosed that use in part sequential oxidation and reduction of tungsten/metal layers to achieve target etch parameters. For one embodiment, a metal layer is first oxidized to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer. The metal oxide layer is then reduced to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer. The surface metal layer is then removed to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. Further, the oxidizing, reducing, and removing processes can be repeated to achieve a target etch depth. In addition, a target etch rate can also achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. | 1. A method to etch a metal layer, comprising:
oxidizing a metal layer to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer; reducing the metal oxide layer to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer; and removing the surface metal layer to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal layer is formed on a substrate for a microelectronic workpiece 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising oxidizing the underlying metal layer to form a metal oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a target etch rate is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 6. A method to etch a tungsten layer, comprising:
oxidizing a tungsten layer to form a tungsten oxide layer and an underlying tungsten layer; reducing the tungsten oxide layer to form a surface tungsten layer and an underlying tungsten oxide layer; and removing the surface tungsten layer to leave the underlying tungsten oxide layer and the underlying tungsten layer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the removing comprises an etch process, and wherein the underlying tungsten layer provides an etch stop for the etch process. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising oxidizing the underlying tungsten layer to increase the tungsten oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the target etch depth is less than or equal to 20 Angstroms. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein a target etch rate less than or equal to 10 Angstroms or a target etch rate less than or equal to 3 Angstroms is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxidizing comprises applying a plasma comprising oxygen to the tungsten layer, wherein the reducing comprises applying a plasma comprising hydrogen to the tungsten oxide layer, and wherein the removing comprises applying a plasma comprising fluorine. 13. A method of etching, comprising:
receiving a substrate having a metal layer, the metal layer including an exposed surface treatable by a chemical environment; and selectively etching the metal layer using a sequence of chemical exposures, the chemical exposures including:
exposing the metal layer to an oxidation chemistry to form a metal oxidation sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a first target depth within the metal layer,
exposing the metal layer to a reduction chemistry to reduce a portion of the metal oxidation sub-layer and form a metal reduction sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a second target depth less than the first target depth, and
exposing the metal layer to an etchant to fully remove the metal reduction sub-layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising repeating the sequence of chemical exposures until a target etch depth is achieved. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein one or more of the chemical exposures is a gas-phase exposure. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein all of the chemical exposures are performed in the same chamber. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer contains tungsten. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer consists essentially of tungsten. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry contains O, O2, O3, excited oxygen, meta-stable oxygen, triplet oxygen, singlet oxygen, oxygen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the reduction chemistry contains H, H2, excited hydrogen, meta-stable hydrogen, hydrogen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the etchant contains a F, F2, another halogen, CF4, NF3, or any combination of two or more thereof. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry includes an oxygen containing plasma and the reduction chemistry includes a hydrogen containing plasma. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
controlling a first ion energy level for a first ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the oxidation chemistry; and controlling a second ion energy level for a second ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the reduction chemistry, wherein a ratio of the first ion energy level to the second energy level exceeds ten. | Methods for the atomic layer etch (ALE) of tungsten or other metal layers are disclosed that use in part sequential oxidation and reduction of tungsten/metal layers to achieve target etch parameters. For one embodiment, a metal layer is first oxidized to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer. The metal oxide layer is then reduced to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer. The surface metal layer is then removed to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. Further, the oxidizing, reducing, and removing processes can be repeated to achieve a target etch depth. In addition, a target etch rate can also achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing.1. A method to etch a metal layer, comprising:
oxidizing a metal layer to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer; reducing the metal oxide layer to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer; and removing the surface metal layer to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal layer is formed on a substrate for a microelectronic workpiece 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising oxidizing the underlying metal layer to form a metal oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a target etch rate is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 6. A method to etch a tungsten layer, comprising:
oxidizing a tungsten layer to form a tungsten oxide layer and an underlying tungsten layer; reducing the tungsten oxide layer to form a surface tungsten layer and an underlying tungsten oxide layer; and removing the surface tungsten layer to leave the underlying tungsten oxide layer and the underlying tungsten layer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the removing comprises an etch process, and wherein the underlying tungsten layer provides an etch stop for the etch process. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising oxidizing the underlying tungsten layer to increase the tungsten oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the target etch depth is less than or equal to 20 Angstroms. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein a target etch rate less than or equal to 10 Angstroms or a target etch rate less than or equal to 3 Angstroms is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxidizing comprises applying a plasma comprising oxygen to the tungsten layer, wherein the reducing comprises applying a plasma comprising hydrogen to the tungsten oxide layer, and wherein the removing comprises applying a plasma comprising fluorine. 13. A method of etching, comprising:
receiving a substrate having a metal layer, the metal layer including an exposed surface treatable by a chemical environment; and selectively etching the metal layer using a sequence of chemical exposures, the chemical exposures including:
exposing the metal layer to an oxidation chemistry to form a metal oxidation sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a first target depth within the metal layer,
exposing the metal layer to a reduction chemistry to reduce a portion of the metal oxidation sub-layer and form a metal reduction sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a second target depth less than the first target depth, and
exposing the metal layer to an etchant to fully remove the metal reduction sub-layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising repeating the sequence of chemical exposures until a target etch depth is achieved. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein one or more of the chemical exposures is a gas-phase exposure. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein all of the chemical exposures are performed in the same chamber. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer contains tungsten. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer consists essentially of tungsten. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry contains O, O2, O3, excited oxygen, meta-stable oxygen, triplet oxygen, singlet oxygen, oxygen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the reduction chemistry contains H, H2, excited hydrogen, meta-stable hydrogen, hydrogen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the etchant contains a F, F2, another halogen, CF4, NF3, or any combination of two or more thereof. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry includes an oxygen containing plasma and the reduction chemistry includes a hydrogen containing plasma. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
controlling a first ion energy level for a first ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the oxidation chemistry; and controlling a second ion energy level for a second ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the reduction chemistry, wherein a ratio of the first ion energy level to the second energy level exceeds ten. | 3,700 |
343,173 | 16,802,574 | 2,631 | Methods for the atomic layer etch (ALE) of tungsten or other metal layers are disclosed that use in part sequential oxidation and reduction of tungsten/metal layers to achieve target etch parameters. For one embodiment, a metal layer is first oxidized to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer. The metal oxide layer is then reduced to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer. The surface metal layer is then removed to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. Further, the oxidizing, reducing, and removing processes can be repeated to achieve a target etch depth. In addition, a target etch rate can also achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. | 1. A method to etch a metal layer, comprising:
oxidizing a metal layer to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer; reducing the metal oxide layer to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer; and removing the surface metal layer to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal layer is formed on a substrate for a microelectronic workpiece 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising oxidizing the underlying metal layer to form a metal oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a target etch rate is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 6. A method to etch a tungsten layer, comprising:
oxidizing a tungsten layer to form a tungsten oxide layer and an underlying tungsten layer; reducing the tungsten oxide layer to form a surface tungsten layer and an underlying tungsten oxide layer; and removing the surface tungsten layer to leave the underlying tungsten oxide layer and the underlying tungsten layer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the removing comprises an etch process, and wherein the underlying tungsten layer provides an etch stop for the etch process. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising oxidizing the underlying tungsten layer to increase the tungsten oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the target etch depth is less than or equal to 20 Angstroms. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein a target etch rate less than or equal to 10 Angstroms or a target etch rate less than or equal to 3 Angstroms is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxidizing comprises applying a plasma comprising oxygen to the tungsten layer, wherein the reducing comprises applying a plasma comprising hydrogen to the tungsten oxide layer, and wherein the removing comprises applying a plasma comprising fluorine. 13. A method of etching, comprising:
receiving a substrate having a metal layer, the metal layer including an exposed surface treatable by a chemical environment; and selectively etching the metal layer using a sequence of chemical exposures, the chemical exposures including:
exposing the metal layer to an oxidation chemistry to form a metal oxidation sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a first target depth within the metal layer,
exposing the metal layer to a reduction chemistry to reduce a portion of the metal oxidation sub-layer and form a metal reduction sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a second target depth less than the first target depth, and
exposing the metal layer to an etchant to fully remove the metal reduction sub-layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising repeating the sequence of chemical exposures until a target etch depth is achieved. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein one or more of the chemical exposures is a gas-phase exposure. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein all of the chemical exposures are performed in the same chamber. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer contains tungsten. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer consists essentially of tungsten. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry contains O, O2, O3, excited oxygen, meta-stable oxygen, triplet oxygen, singlet oxygen, oxygen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the reduction chemistry contains H, H2, excited hydrogen, meta-stable hydrogen, hydrogen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the etchant contains a F, F2, another halogen, CF4, NF3, or any combination of two or more thereof. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry includes an oxygen containing plasma and the reduction chemistry includes a hydrogen containing plasma. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
controlling a first ion energy level for a first ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the oxidation chemistry; and controlling a second ion energy level for a second ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the reduction chemistry, wherein a ratio of the first ion energy level to the second energy level exceeds ten. | Methods for the atomic layer etch (ALE) of tungsten or other metal layers are disclosed that use in part sequential oxidation and reduction of tungsten/metal layers to achieve target etch parameters. For one embodiment, a metal layer is first oxidized to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer. The metal oxide layer is then reduced to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer. The surface metal layer is then removed to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. Further, the oxidizing, reducing, and removing processes can be repeated to achieve a target etch depth. In addition, a target etch rate can also achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing.1. A method to etch a metal layer, comprising:
oxidizing a metal layer to form a metal oxide layer and an underlying metal layer; reducing the metal oxide layer to form a surface metal layer and an underlying metal oxide layer; and removing the surface metal layer to leave the underlying metal oxide layer and the underlying metal layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal layer is formed on a substrate for a microelectronic workpiece 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising oxidizing the underlying metal layer to form a metal oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a target etch rate is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 6. A method to etch a tungsten layer, comprising:
oxidizing a tungsten layer to form a tungsten oxide layer and an underlying tungsten layer; reducing the tungsten oxide layer to form a surface tungsten layer and an underlying tungsten oxide layer; and removing the surface tungsten layer to leave the underlying tungsten oxide layer and the underlying tungsten layer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the removing comprises an etch process, and wherein the underlying tungsten layer provides an etch stop for the etch process. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising oxidizing the underlying tungsten layer to increase the tungsten oxide layer, and then repeating the reducing and removing steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the oxidizing, reducing, and removing steps are repeated to achieve a target etch depth. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the target etch depth is less than or equal to 20 Angstroms. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein a target etch rate less than or equal to 10 Angstroms or a target etch rate less than or equal to 3 Angstroms is achieved for each process cycle of oxidizing, reducing, and removing. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxidizing comprises applying a plasma comprising oxygen to the tungsten layer, wherein the reducing comprises applying a plasma comprising hydrogen to the tungsten oxide layer, and wherein the removing comprises applying a plasma comprising fluorine. 13. A method of etching, comprising:
receiving a substrate having a metal layer, the metal layer including an exposed surface treatable by a chemical environment; and selectively etching the metal layer using a sequence of chemical exposures, the chemical exposures including:
exposing the metal layer to an oxidation chemistry to form a metal oxidation sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a first target depth within the metal layer,
exposing the metal layer to a reduction chemistry to reduce a portion of the metal oxidation sub-layer and form a metal reduction sub-layer extending beneath the exposed surface to a second target depth less than the first target depth, and
exposing the metal layer to an etchant to fully remove the metal reduction sub-layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising repeating the sequence of chemical exposures until a target etch depth is achieved. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein one or more of the chemical exposures is a gas-phase exposure. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein all of the chemical exposures are performed in the same chamber. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer contains tungsten. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal layer consists essentially of tungsten. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry contains O, O2, O3, excited oxygen, meta-stable oxygen, triplet oxygen, singlet oxygen, oxygen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the reduction chemistry contains H, H2, excited hydrogen, meta-stable hydrogen, hydrogen radical, or any combination of two or more thereof. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the etchant contains a F, F2, another halogen, CF4, NF3, or any combination of two or more thereof. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidation chemistry includes an oxygen containing plasma and the reduction chemistry includes a hydrogen containing plasma. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
controlling a first ion energy level for a first ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the oxidation chemistry; and controlling a second ion energy level for a second ion flux incident on the substrate during the exposure to the reduction chemistry, wherein a ratio of the first ion energy level to the second energy level exceeds ten. | 2,600 |
343,174 | 16,802,562 | 2,631 | A memory device may be provided including one or more bottom electrodes, one or more mask elements, one or more top electrodes and a switching layer. The bottom electrode(s) may include a first bottom electrode, the mask element(s) may include a first mask element and the top electrode(s) may include a first top electrode. The first mask element may be arranged over a first part of the first bottom electrode. The first top electrode may be arranged over and in contact with the first mask element. The switching layer may be arranged to extend over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode. The first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode may face a same direction. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a first bottom electrode; a first mask element arranged over a first part of the first bottom electrode; a first top electrode arranged over and in contact with the first mask element; and a switching layer arranged to extend over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode, wherein the first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode face a same direction. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a single bottom electrode, a single mask element and a single top electrode. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second bottom electrode, and wherein the switching layer extends between the first top electrode and the second bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second top electrode arranged over and in contact with the first mask element, and wherein the switching layer extends between the second top electrode and the first bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second top electrode and a second bottom electrode, and wherein the switching layer extends between the second top electrode and the second bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second top electrode and a second mask element, wherein the first top electrode is arranged over the first mask element and the second top electrode is arranged over the second mask element, and the switching layer extends between the first mask element and the second mask element. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the switching layer extends between the first top electrode and the first bottom electrode along both the first side surface and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 8. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the switching layer extends between the second top electrode and the first bottom electrode along both a first side surface and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the second mask element. 9. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the memory device further comprises a second bottom electrode, and the second mask element is arranged over at least a part of the second bottom electrode. 10. The memory device of claim 9, wherein the memory device further comprises a third bottom electrode and a fourth bottom electrode, and wherein the switching layer extends between the first mask element and the second mask element over the third bottom electrode and fourth bottom electrode. 11. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the switching layer further extends between the first top electrode and the third bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 12. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the switching layer further extends between the second top electrode and the fourth bottom electrode along a first side surface of the second mask element and between the second top electrode and the second bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the second mask element. 13. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first side surface of the first top electrode and the first side surface of the first mask element are in vertical alignment with each other. 14. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the switching layer further extends at least partially over each of the one or more top electrodes. 15. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising one or more connectors, wherein each connector is arranged through the switching layer to contact a respective one of the one or more top electrodes. 16. The memory device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the switching layer is less than 15 nm. 17. The memory device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of each of the one or more mask elements is less than 10 nm. 18. A memory structure comprising a plurality of memory devices, wherein at least one of the memory devices comprises:
a first bottom electrode; a first mask element arranged over a first part of the first bottom electrode; a first top electrode arranged over and in contact with the first mask element; and a switching layer arranged to extend over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode, wherein the first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode face a same direction. 19. A method comprising:
forming a first bottom electrode; forming a first mask element over a first part of the first bottom electrode; forming a first top electrode over the first mask element, wherein the first top electrode is in contact with the first mask element; and forming a switching layer over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode, wherein the first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode face a same direction. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
forming a mask layer over the first bottom electrode; forming an electrode layer over the mask layer; and etching the mask layer and the electrode layer to form the first top electrode, a second top electrode, the first mask element and a second mask element. | A memory device may be provided including one or more bottom electrodes, one or more mask elements, one or more top electrodes and a switching layer. The bottom electrode(s) may include a first bottom electrode, the mask element(s) may include a first mask element and the top electrode(s) may include a first top electrode. The first mask element may be arranged over a first part of the first bottom electrode. The first top electrode may be arranged over and in contact with the first mask element. The switching layer may be arranged to extend over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode. The first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode may face a same direction.1. A memory device comprising:
a first bottom electrode; a first mask element arranged over a first part of the first bottom electrode; a first top electrode arranged over and in contact with the first mask element; and a switching layer arranged to extend over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode, wherein the first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode face a same direction. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a single bottom electrode, a single mask element and a single top electrode. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second bottom electrode, and wherein the switching layer extends between the first top electrode and the second bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second top electrode arranged over and in contact with the first mask element, and wherein the switching layer extends between the second top electrode and the first bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second top electrode and a second bottom electrode, and wherein the switching layer extends between the second top electrode and the second bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device further comprises a second top electrode and a second mask element, wherein the first top electrode is arranged over the first mask element and the second top electrode is arranged over the second mask element, and the switching layer extends between the first mask element and the second mask element. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the switching layer extends between the first top electrode and the first bottom electrode along both the first side surface and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 8. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the switching layer extends between the second top electrode and the first bottom electrode along both a first side surface and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the second mask element. 9. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the memory device further comprises a second bottom electrode, and the second mask element is arranged over at least a part of the second bottom electrode. 10. The memory device of claim 9, wherein the memory device further comprises a third bottom electrode and a fourth bottom electrode, and wherein the switching layer extends between the first mask element and the second mask element over the third bottom electrode and fourth bottom electrode. 11. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the switching layer further extends between the first top electrode and the third bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the first mask element. 12. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the switching layer further extends between the second top electrode and the fourth bottom electrode along a first side surface of the second mask element and between the second top electrode and the second bottom electrode along a second side surface opposite to the first side surface of the second mask element. 13. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first side surface of the first top electrode and the first side surface of the first mask element are in vertical alignment with each other. 14. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the switching layer further extends at least partially over each of the one or more top electrodes. 15. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising one or more connectors, wherein each connector is arranged through the switching layer to contact a respective one of the one or more top electrodes. 16. The memory device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the switching layer is less than 15 nm. 17. The memory device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of each of the one or more mask elements is less than 10 nm. 18. A memory structure comprising a plurality of memory devices, wherein at least one of the memory devices comprises:
a first bottom electrode; a first mask element arranged over a first part of the first bottom electrode; a first top electrode arranged over and in contact with the first mask element; and a switching layer arranged to extend over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode, wherein the first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode face a same direction. 19. A method comprising:
forming a first bottom electrode; forming a first mask element over a first part of the first bottom electrode; forming a first top electrode over the first mask element, wherein the first top electrode is in contact with the first mask element; and forming a switching layer over a second part of the first bottom electrode, and along a first side surface of the first mask element and further along a first side surface of the first top electrode, wherein the first side surfaces of the first mask element and the first top electrode face a same direction. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
forming a mask layer over the first bottom electrode; forming an electrode layer over the mask layer; and etching the mask layer and the electrode layer to form the first top electrode, a second top electrode, the first mask element and a second mask element. | 2,600 |
343,175 | 16,802,578 | 2,631 | A driving circuit, a display apparatus and a driving method thereof are provided. The display panel is divided into a plurality of regions including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form. The driving circuit generates a plurality of control clocks having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase shift during the first period and a second phase shift different from the first phase shift during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period. Wherein, the control clocks are configured to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel for generating a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to the control clocks, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. | 1. A driving circuit for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving circuit comprising:
a timing control circuit, for generating at least a control clock having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase difference during the first period and a second phase difference different from the first phase difference during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period, wherein the at least a control clock is configured to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel for generating a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to the control clocks, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. 2. The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second duty cycle is larger or smaller than the first duty cycle. 3. The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and the second phase differences are a difference between two control clocks, and the second phase difference is larger or smaller than the first phase difference. 4. The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second driving capability is larger or smaller than the first driving capability. 5. A driving circuit for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving circuit comprising:
a timing control circuit, for generating first pixel data corresponding to the first region and second pixel data corresponding to the second region; and a data driving circuit, coupled to the timing control circuit, wherein the data driving circuit is configured to: generate first data voltages according to the first pixel data and generate second data voltages according to the second pixel data, wherein the second data voltages are being compensated by the data driving circuit or the second pixel data are being compensated by the timing control circuit before outputting to the data driving circuit; or generate a first driving current for driving the first region and generate a second driving current for driving the second region. 6. A driving circuit for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving circuit comprising:
a timing control circuit, for generating a first synchronization clock having a first duty cycle and a second synchronization clock having a second duty cycle to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel, wherein the first synchronization clock is configured to generate a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region of the display panel, and the second synchronization clock is configured to generate a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region of the display panel, so as to reduce a luminance difference between first region and the second region. 7. The driving circuit according to claim 6, wherein a period of the first synchronization clock and a period of the second synchronization clock are the same as a frame period and an active period of the first synchronization clock and an active period of the second synchronization clock are not synchronized. 8. A driving method for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving method comprising:
generating at least a control clock having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase difference during the first period and a second phase difference different from the first phase difference during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period, wherein the at least a control clock is configured to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel for generating a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to the control clocks, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. 9. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein the second duty cycle is larger or smaller than the first duty cycle. 10. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein each of the first and the second phase differences are a difference between two control clocks, and the second phase difference is larger or smaller than the first phase difference. 11. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein the second driving capability is larger or smaller than the first driving capability. 12. A driving method for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving method comprising:
generating first pixel data corresponding to the first region and second pixel data corresponding to the second region; and peforming one of the following, so as to reduce a luminance difference between first region and the second region:
(1) generating first data voltages according to the first pixel data and generating second data voltages according to the second pixel data, wherein the second data voltages are being compensated by the data driving circuit or the second pixel data are being compensated by the timing control circuit before outputting to the data driving circuit; and
(2) generating a first driving current for driving the first region and generating a second driving current different from the first driving current for driving the second region. 13. A driving method for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving method comprising:
generating a first synchronization clock having a first duty cycle and a second synchronization clock having a second duty cycle to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel, wherein the first synchronization clock is configured to generate a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region of the display panel, and the second synchronization clock is configured to generate a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region of the display panel, so as to reduce a luminance difference between first region and the second region. 14. The driving method according to claim 13, wherein a period of the first synchronization clock and a period of the second synchronization clock are the same as a frame period and an active period of the first synchronization clock and an active period of the second synchronization clock are not synchronized. 15. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display panel, comprising a plurality of regions including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form; a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel and configured to generate a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to at least a control clock; and a driving chip, coupled to the display panel and the gate driving circuit, and configured to generate the at least a control clock having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase difference during the first period and a second phase difference different from the first phase difference during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. 16. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the second duty cycle is larger or smaller than the first duty cycle. 17. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each of the first and the second phase differences are a difference between two control clocks, and the second phase difference is larger or smaller than the first phase difference. 18. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the second driving capability is larger or smaller than the first driving capability. | A driving circuit, a display apparatus and a driving method thereof are provided. The display panel is divided into a plurality of regions including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form. The driving circuit generates a plurality of control clocks having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase shift during the first period and a second phase shift different from the first phase shift during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period. Wherein, the control clocks are configured to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel for generating a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to the control clocks, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region.1. A driving circuit for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving circuit comprising:
a timing control circuit, for generating at least a control clock having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase difference during the first period and a second phase difference different from the first phase difference during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period, wherein the at least a control clock is configured to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel for generating a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to the control clocks, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. 2. The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second duty cycle is larger or smaller than the first duty cycle. 3. The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and the second phase differences are a difference between two control clocks, and the second phase difference is larger or smaller than the first phase difference. 4. The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second driving capability is larger or smaller than the first driving capability. 5. A driving circuit for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving circuit comprising:
a timing control circuit, for generating first pixel data corresponding to the first region and second pixel data corresponding to the second region; and a data driving circuit, coupled to the timing control circuit, wherein the data driving circuit is configured to: generate first data voltages according to the first pixel data and generate second data voltages according to the second pixel data, wherein the second data voltages are being compensated by the data driving circuit or the second pixel data are being compensated by the timing control circuit before outputting to the data driving circuit; or generate a first driving current for driving the first region and generate a second driving current for driving the second region. 6. A driving circuit for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving circuit comprising:
a timing control circuit, for generating a first synchronization clock having a first duty cycle and a second synchronization clock having a second duty cycle to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel, wherein the first synchronization clock is configured to generate a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region of the display panel, and the second synchronization clock is configured to generate a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region of the display panel, so as to reduce a luminance difference between first region and the second region. 7. The driving circuit according to claim 6, wherein a period of the first synchronization clock and a period of the second synchronization clock are the same as a frame period and an active period of the first synchronization clock and an active period of the second synchronization clock are not synchronized. 8. A driving method for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving method comprising:
generating at least a control clock having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase difference during the first period and a second phase difference different from the first phase difference during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period, wherein the at least a control clock is configured to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel for generating a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to the control clocks, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. 9. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein the second duty cycle is larger or smaller than the first duty cycle. 10. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein each of the first and the second phase differences are a difference between two control clocks, and the second phase difference is larger or smaller than the first phase difference. 11. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein the second driving capability is larger or smaller than the first driving capability. 12. A driving method for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving method comprising:
generating first pixel data corresponding to the first region and second pixel data corresponding to the second region; and peforming one of the following, so as to reduce a luminance difference between first region and the second region:
(1) generating first data voltages according to the first pixel data and generating second data voltages according to the second pixel data, wherein the second data voltages are being compensated by the data driving circuit or the second pixel data are being compensated by the timing control circuit before outputting to the data driving circuit; and
(2) generating a first driving current for driving the first region and generating a second driving current different from the first driving current for driving the second region. 13. A driving method for driving a display panel comprising a plurality of regions, including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form, the driving method comprising:
generating a first synchronization clock having a first duty cycle and a second synchronization clock having a second duty cycle to be transmitted to a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel, wherein the first synchronization clock is configured to generate a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region of the display panel, and the second synchronization clock is configured to generate a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region of the display panel, so as to reduce a luminance difference between first region and the second region. 14. The driving method according to claim 13, wherein a period of the first synchronization clock and a period of the second synchronization clock are the same as a frame period and an active period of the first synchronization clock and an active period of the second synchronization clock are not synchronized. 15. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display panel, comprising a plurality of regions including a first region having a rectangular form and a second region having a free form; a gate driving circuit disposed on the display panel and configured to generate a first plurality of scan signals controlling the first region and a second plurality of scan signals controlling the second region according to at least a control clock; and a driving chip, coupled to the display panel and the gate driving circuit, and configured to generate the at least a control clock having a first duty cycle during a first period and a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle during a second period, or having a first phase difference during the first period and a second phase difference different from the first phase difference during the second period, or having a first driving capability during the first period and a second driving capability different from the first driving capability during the second period, so as to reduce a luminance difference between the first region and the second region. 16. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the second duty cycle is larger or smaller than the first duty cycle. 17. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each of the first and the second phase differences are a difference between two control clocks, and the second phase difference is larger or smaller than the first phase difference. 18. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the second driving capability is larger or smaller than the first driving capability. | 2,600 |
343,176 | 16,802,557 | 2,631 | The present specification provides a carbon fiber reinforced composite structure comprising: a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced sheets, which are laminated; and a stitch member penetrating one or more carbon fiber reinforced sheets, in which the carbon fiber reinforced sheet includes a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure shows excellent thermal conductivity in a thickness direction. | 1. A carbon fiber reinforced composite structure comprising: a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced sheets, which are laminated; and a stitch member penetrating one or more carbon reinforced fiber sheets,
wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction. 2. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein adjacent carbon fiber reinforced sheets have different arrangement directions of the reinforcing carbon fiber. 3. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 2, wherein adjacent carbon fiber reinforced sheets are laminated with the reinforcing carbon fibers arranged at an angle of 90°. 4. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet is a prepreg, and the prepreg comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction and a polymer resin impregnated with the reinforcing carbon fibers. 5. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the stitch member comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a PAN-based carbon fibers, a pitch-based carbon fibers, and a boron nitride (BN) fibers. 6. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing carbon fiber comprises a PAN-based carbon fiber, and the stitch member comprises a pitch-based carbon fiber. 7. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing carbon fiber and the stitch member have a coefficient of thermal expansion within a range of −1×10−6 to 1×10−6 K−1. 8. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the stitch member transmits heat in a thickness direction of the carbon fiber reinforced sheet. 9. A method for producing a carbon fiber reinforced composite structure, the method comprising:
i) laminating a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced sheets; ii) penetrating one or more of the laminated carbon fiber reinforced sheets with a stitch member; and iii) forming a carbon fiber reinforced composite structure by molding and curing the laminated carbon fiber reinforced sheets, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the i) laminating of the carbon fiber reinforced sheets laminates the reinforcing carbon fibers of adjacent carbon fiber reinforced sheets in different arrangement directions. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet is a prepreg, and the prepreg comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction and a polymer resin impregnated with the reinforcing carbon fibers. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the reinforcing carbon fiber comprises a PAN-based carbon fiber, and the stitch member comprises a pitch-based carbon fiber. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the ii) penetrating of the stitch member comprises penetrating a stitch needle comprising the stitch member, and removing the stitch needle. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stitch needle comprises a body comprising a through-hole formed in a longitudinal direction therein; and a stitch member disposed in the through-hole, and one end portion of the body has an inclined surface. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the inclined surface forms an angle of 50 to 80° with the body. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the molding and curing comprises a process by an autoclave (AC), an oven molding, Filament Winding (FW), Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), Vacuum assisted RTM (VaRTM), Prepreg Compression Molding (PCM), or an injection molding. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein the molding and curing is performed at a temperature of 50 to 150° C. for 10 to 120 minutes. | The present specification provides a carbon fiber reinforced composite structure comprising: a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced sheets, which are laminated; and a stitch member penetrating one or more carbon fiber reinforced sheets, in which the carbon fiber reinforced sheet includes a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure shows excellent thermal conductivity in a thickness direction.1. A carbon fiber reinforced composite structure comprising: a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced sheets, which are laminated; and a stitch member penetrating one or more carbon reinforced fiber sheets,
wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction. 2. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein adjacent carbon fiber reinforced sheets have different arrangement directions of the reinforcing carbon fiber. 3. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 2, wherein adjacent carbon fiber reinforced sheets are laminated with the reinforcing carbon fibers arranged at an angle of 90°. 4. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet is a prepreg, and the prepreg comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction and a polymer resin impregnated with the reinforcing carbon fibers. 5. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the stitch member comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a PAN-based carbon fibers, a pitch-based carbon fibers, and a boron nitride (BN) fibers. 6. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing carbon fiber comprises a PAN-based carbon fiber, and the stitch member comprises a pitch-based carbon fiber. 7. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing carbon fiber and the stitch member have a coefficient of thermal expansion within a range of −1×10−6 to 1×10−6 K−1. 8. The carbon fiber reinforced composite structure of claim 1, wherein the stitch member transmits heat in a thickness direction of the carbon fiber reinforced sheet. 9. A method for producing a carbon fiber reinforced composite structure, the method comprising:
i) laminating a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced sheets; ii) penetrating one or more of the laminated carbon fiber reinforced sheets with a stitch member; and iii) forming a carbon fiber reinforced composite structure by molding and curing the laminated carbon fiber reinforced sheets, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the i) laminating of the carbon fiber reinforced sheets laminates the reinforcing carbon fibers of adjacent carbon fiber reinforced sheets in different arrangement directions. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced sheet is a prepreg, and the prepreg comprises a plurality of reinforcing carbon fibers arranged in one direction and a polymer resin impregnated with the reinforcing carbon fibers. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the reinforcing carbon fiber comprises a PAN-based carbon fiber, and the stitch member comprises a pitch-based carbon fiber. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the ii) penetrating of the stitch member comprises penetrating a stitch needle comprising the stitch member, and removing the stitch needle. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stitch needle comprises a body comprising a through-hole formed in a longitudinal direction therein; and a stitch member disposed in the through-hole, and one end portion of the body has an inclined surface. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the inclined surface forms an angle of 50 to 80° with the body. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the molding and curing comprises a process by an autoclave (AC), an oven molding, Filament Winding (FW), Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), Vacuum assisted RTM (VaRTM), Prepreg Compression Molding (PCM), or an injection molding. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein the molding and curing is performed at a temperature of 50 to 150° C. for 10 to 120 minutes. | 2,600 |
343,177 | 16,642,876 | 2,631 | An on-demand fluid transfer pump includes a power head removably connectable on top of a stem that is removably connectable to a fluid supply. The power head includes an electric pump and a flow control unit configured to automatically switch the electric pump on and off. The flow control unit includes a magnetic sensor and the stem includes a suction tube, a fluid chamber, a plunger chamber, and a magnetic plunger reciprocable within the plunger chamber in response to pressure changes in the fluid chamber. The magnetic plunger is biased to deactuate the magnetic sensor to switch on the electric pump to pressurize the fluid supply for delivery to the fluid dispenser. The magnetic plunger is pushed when pressure in the fluid chamber rises to thereby actuate the magnetic sensor to switch off the electric pump. | 1. An on-demand fluid transfer pump, comprising:
a power head removably connectable on top of a stem that is removably connectable to a fluid supply; wherein the power head comprises an electric pump and a flow controller configured to automatically switch the electric pump on and off; wherein the flow controller comprises a first magnetic sensor; and wherein the stem comprises: a suction tube in fluid communication with the electric pump and the fluid supply; a fluid chamber having an inlet in fluid communication with the fluid supply and an outlet in fluid communication with a fluid dispenser; a plunger chamber in fluid communication with the fluid chamber between the inlet and the outlet; and a magnetic plunger reciprocable within the plunger chamber in response to pressure changes in the fluid chamber between a top position adjacently beneath the first magnetic sensor and a bottom position spaced away below the first magnetic sensor; wherein the magnetic plunger is biased to the bottom position when pressure in the fluid chamber drops to thereby deactuate the first magnetic sensor to switch on the electric pump to pressurize the fluid supply for delivery to the fluid dispenser; and wherein the magnetic plunger is pushed to the top position when pressure in the fluid chamber rises to thereby actuate the first magnetic sensor to switch off the electric pump. 2. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor. 3. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a reed switch. 4. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic sensor is fluidly isolated in a fluid-tight compartment within the power head. 5. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply comprises an oil drum. 6. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 5, wherein the stem is removably mountable directly on the oil drum. 7. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 5, wherein the fluid dispenser comprises a trigger-operated dispensing gun. 8. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the power head further comprises a rechargeable battery to power the electric pump. 9. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the power head further comprises a lock having a handle, and wherein the power head is lockably connected on top of the stem by pushing the handle down, and disconnected from the stem by pulling the handle up. 10. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the flow controller further comprises a second magnetic sensor configured to detect that the power head is connected on top of the stem. 11. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the flow controller is further configured to prevent the electric pump from being switched on if the second magnetic sensor does not detect that the power head is connected on top of the stem. 12. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the second magnetic sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor. 13. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the second magnetic sensor may comprise a reed switch. 14. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 9, wherein the flow controller is further configured to prevent the electric pump from being switched on if the handle is not pushed down to thereby lock the power head on top of the stem. 15. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the flow controller comprises pressure control circuitry and detection circuitry on a printed circuit board. 16. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 15, wherein the first and second magnetic sensors are provided on the printed circuit board. 17. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply comprises a supply of oil or aqueous urea solution. 18. A method of transferring fluid from a fluid supply to a fluid dispenser using the on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1. | An on-demand fluid transfer pump includes a power head removably connectable on top of a stem that is removably connectable to a fluid supply. The power head includes an electric pump and a flow control unit configured to automatically switch the electric pump on and off. The flow control unit includes a magnetic sensor and the stem includes a suction tube, a fluid chamber, a plunger chamber, and a magnetic plunger reciprocable within the plunger chamber in response to pressure changes in the fluid chamber. The magnetic plunger is biased to deactuate the magnetic sensor to switch on the electric pump to pressurize the fluid supply for delivery to the fluid dispenser. The magnetic plunger is pushed when pressure in the fluid chamber rises to thereby actuate the magnetic sensor to switch off the electric pump.1. An on-demand fluid transfer pump, comprising:
a power head removably connectable on top of a stem that is removably connectable to a fluid supply; wherein the power head comprises an electric pump and a flow controller configured to automatically switch the electric pump on and off; wherein the flow controller comprises a first magnetic sensor; and wherein the stem comprises: a suction tube in fluid communication with the electric pump and the fluid supply; a fluid chamber having an inlet in fluid communication with the fluid supply and an outlet in fluid communication with a fluid dispenser; a plunger chamber in fluid communication with the fluid chamber between the inlet and the outlet; and a magnetic plunger reciprocable within the plunger chamber in response to pressure changes in the fluid chamber between a top position adjacently beneath the first magnetic sensor and a bottom position spaced away below the first magnetic sensor; wherein the magnetic plunger is biased to the bottom position when pressure in the fluid chamber drops to thereby deactuate the first magnetic sensor to switch on the electric pump to pressurize the fluid supply for delivery to the fluid dispenser; and wherein the magnetic plunger is pushed to the top position when pressure in the fluid chamber rises to thereby actuate the first magnetic sensor to switch off the electric pump. 2. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor. 3. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a reed switch. 4. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic sensor is fluidly isolated in a fluid-tight compartment within the power head. 5. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply comprises an oil drum. 6. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 5, wherein the stem is removably mountable directly on the oil drum. 7. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 5, wherein the fluid dispenser comprises a trigger-operated dispensing gun. 8. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the power head further comprises a rechargeable battery to power the electric pump. 9. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the power head further comprises a lock having a handle, and wherein the power head is lockably connected on top of the stem by pushing the handle down, and disconnected from the stem by pulling the handle up. 10. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the flow controller further comprises a second magnetic sensor configured to detect that the power head is connected on top of the stem. 11. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the flow controller is further configured to prevent the electric pump from being switched on if the second magnetic sensor does not detect that the power head is connected on top of the stem. 12. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the second magnetic sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor. 13. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the second magnetic sensor may comprise a reed switch. 14. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 9, wherein the flow controller is further configured to prevent the electric pump from being switched on if the handle is not pushed down to thereby lock the power head on top of the stem. 15. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 10, wherein the flow controller comprises pressure control circuitry and detection circuitry on a printed circuit board. 16. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 15, wherein the first and second magnetic sensors are provided on the printed circuit board. 17. The on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply comprises a supply of oil or aqueous urea solution. 18. A method of transferring fluid from a fluid supply to a fluid dispenser using the on-demand fluid transfer pump of claim 1. | 2,600 |
343,178 | 16,802,583 | 2,631 | The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station used for wireless communication. The UE receives first information and second information, and receives a first radio signal in a first time interval. The first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. The disclosure can solve the conflict of beam scheduling and increase the flexibility of beam scheduling. | 1. A method in a User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving first information and second information; and receiving a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 6. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting first information and second information; and transmitting a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 7. The method according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 9. The method according to claim 7, comprising:
transmitting a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 11. A UE for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, to receive first information and second information; and a second receiver, to receive a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 14. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 15. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 16. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a first transmitter, to transmit first information and second information; and a second transmitter, to transmit a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 17. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 18. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 19. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 20. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. | The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station used for wireless communication. The UE receives first information and second information, and receives a first radio signal in a first time interval. The first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. The disclosure can solve the conflict of beam scheduling and increase the flexibility of beam scheduling.1. A method in a User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving first information and second information; and receiving a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 6. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting first information and second information; and transmitting a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 7. The method according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 9. The method according to claim 7, comprising:
transmitting a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 11. A UE for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, to receive first information and second information; and a second receiver, to receive a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 14. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 15. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 16. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a first transmitter, to transmit first information and second information; and a second transmitter, to transmit a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 17. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 18. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 19. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 20. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. | 2,600 |
343,179 | 16,802,611 | 2,600 | The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station used for wireless communication. The UE receives first information and second information, and receives a first radio signal in a first time interval. The first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. The disclosure can solve the conflict of beam scheduling and increase the flexibility of beam scheduling. | 1. A method in a User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving first information and second information; and receiving a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 6. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting first information and second information; and transmitting a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 7. The method according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 9. The method according to claim 7, comprising:
transmitting a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 11. A UE for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, to receive first information and second information; and a second receiver, to receive a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 14. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 15. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 16. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a first transmitter, to transmit first information and second information; and a second transmitter, to transmit a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 17. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 18. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 19. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 20. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. | The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station used for wireless communication. The UE receives first information and second information, and receives a first radio signal in a first time interval. The first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. The disclosure can solve the conflict of beam scheduling and increase the flexibility of beam scheduling.1. A method in a User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving first information and second information; and receiving a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 6. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting first information and second information; and transmitting a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 7. The method according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal, and the second radio signal comprises data. 9. The method according to claim 7, comprising:
transmitting a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 11. A UE for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, to receive first information and second information; and a second receiver, to receive a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 14. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial Quasi Co-location (QCL) with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 15. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the second receiver receives the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. 16. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a first transmitter, to transmit first information and second information; and a second transmitter, to transmit a first radio signal in a first time interval; wherein the first information and the second information are used for determining a first parameter and a second parameter respectively, the first parameter and the second parameter are used for multi-antenna related receptions respectively; the second parameter is used for a reception of a second radio signal; if a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval, the second parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal, otherwise, the first parameter is used for a reception of the first radio signal. 17. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data; the first information is carried by a higher layer signaling, and the second information is carried by a higher layer signaling. 18. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits a downlink signaling; wherein the downlink signaling is used for determining that the first radio signal is a reference signal and the second radio signal comprises data. 19. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are parameters indicating spatial QCL with a first reference signal and indicating spatial QCL with a second reference signal respectively. 20. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the second transmitter transmits the second radio signal; wherein a time-domain resource occupied by the second radio signal comprises the first time interval. | 2,600 |
343,180 | 16,802,591 | 2,600 | Example methods and apparatus to determine container priorities in virtualized computing environments are disclosed herein. Examples include: a cluster controller to classify a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; a container ranking generator to: determine resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container; determine an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and a container priority controller to generate a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a cluster controller to classify a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; a container ranking generator to:
determine resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources of the first container, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container utilizes the resource usage type;
determine an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and
a container priority controller to generate a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value, the priority class indicative that the first container corresponds to a greater priority than the second container. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a container data controller to determine median utilization resource values in a time interval for the first container in the cluster. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a data collection server to generate a first data table, a second data table, and a third data table, the first data table to map a number of distinct resource usage types to the first and second containers, the second data table to map time-based median utilization resource values to the first and second containers, and the third data table to map network interaction metrics to the first and second containers. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the container ranking generator is to determine a resource utilization ranking for the resource usage type of the first container and the second container. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the container ranking generator is to determine the utilization rank values for the resource usage type of the first container based on the resource utilization ranking of the resource usage type. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the container ranking generator is to determine locations of the first container and the second container based on median utilization resource values and network interaction metrics, one of the first container or the second container corresponding to the highest median utilization resource value for the resource usage type is located at a highest utilization rank. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the aggregated resource utilization rank value is a first aggregated resource utilization rank value, and the container priority controller is to determine a second aggregated resource utilization rank value to generate a priority list including positions of the first aggregated resource utilization rank value and the second aggregated resource utilization rank value, the positions indicative of index values, a first priority class of the first container and a second priority class of the second container equal to the index values. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to at least:
classify a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; determine resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources of the first container, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container utilizes the resource usage type; determine an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and generate a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value, the priority class indicative that the first container corresponds to a greater priority than the second container. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine median utilization resource values in a time interval for the first container in the cluster. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to generate a first data table, a second data table, and a third data table, the first data table to map a number of distinct resource usage types to the first and second containers, the second data table to map time-based median utilization resource values to the first and second containers, and the third data table to map network interaction metrics to the first and second containers. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine a resource utilization ranking for the resource usage type of the first container and the second container. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine the utilization rank values for the resource usage type of the first container based on the resource utilization ranking of the resource usage type. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine locations of the first container and the second container based on median utilization resource values and network interaction metrics, one of the first container or the second container corresponding to the highest median utilization resource value for the resource usage type is located at a highest utilization rank. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the aggregated resource utilization rank value is a first aggregated resource utilization rank value, and the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine a second aggregated resource utilization rank value to generate a priority list including positions of the first aggregated resource utilization rank value and the second aggregated resource utilization rank value, the positions indicative of index values, a first priority class of the first container and a second priority class of the second container equal to the index values. 15. A method comprising:
classifying a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; determining resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources of the first container, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container utilizes the resource usage type; determining an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and generating a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value, the priority class indicative that the first container corresponds to a greater priority than the second container. 16. The method of claim 15, further including determining median utilization resource values in a time interval for the first container in the cluster. 17. The method of claim 15, further including generating a first data table, a second data table, and a third data table, the first data table to map a number of distinct resource usage types to the first and second containers, the second data table to map time-based median utilization resource values to the first and second containers, and the third data table to map network interaction metrics to the first and second containers. 18. The method of claim 15, further including determining a resource utilization ranking for the resource usage type of the first container and the second container. 19. The method of claim 18, further including determining the utilization rank values for the resource usage type of the first container based on the resource utilization ranking of the resource usage type. 20. The method of claim 18, further including determining locations of the first container and the second container based on median utilization resource values and network interaction metrics, one of the first container or the second container corresponding to the highest median utilization resource value for the resource usage type is located at a highest utilization rank. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the aggregated resource utilization rank value is a first aggregated resource utilization rank value, and the method further including determining a second aggregated resource utilization rank value to generate a priority list including positions of the first aggregated resource utilization rank value and the second aggregated resource utilization rank value, the positions indicative of index values, a first priority class of the first container and a second priority class of the second container equal to the index values. | Example methods and apparatus to determine container priorities in virtualized computing environments are disclosed herein. Examples include: a cluster controller to classify a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; a container ranking generator to: determine resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container; determine an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and a container priority controller to generate a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value.1. An apparatus comprising:
a cluster controller to classify a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; a container ranking generator to:
determine resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources of the first container, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container utilizes the resource usage type;
determine an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and
a container priority controller to generate a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value, the priority class indicative that the first container corresponds to a greater priority than the second container. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a container data controller to determine median utilization resource values in a time interval for the first container in the cluster. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a data collection server to generate a first data table, a second data table, and a third data table, the first data table to map a number of distinct resource usage types to the first and second containers, the second data table to map time-based median utilization resource values to the first and second containers, and the third data table to map network interaction metrics to the first and second containers. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the container ranking generator is to determine a resource utilization ranking for the resource usage type of the first container and the second container. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the container ranking generator is to determine the utilization rank values for the resource usage type of the first container based on the resource utilization ranking of the resource usage type. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the container ranking generator is to determine locations of the first container and the second container based on median utilization resource values and network interaction metrics, one of the first container or the second container corresponding to the highest median utilization resource value for the resource usage type is located at a highest utilization rank. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the aggregated resource utilization rank value is a first aggregated resource utilization rank value, and the container priority controller is to determine a second aggregated resource utilization rank value to generate a priority list including positions of the first aggregated resource utilization rank value and the second aggregated resource utilization rank value, the positions indicative of index values, a first priority class of the first container and a second priority class of the second container equal to the index values. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to at least:
classify a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; determine resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources of the first container, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container utilizes the resource usage type; determine an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and generate a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value, the priority class indicative that the first container corresponds to a greater priority than the second container. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine median utilization resource values in a time interval for the first container in the cluster. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to generate a first data table, a second data table, and a third data table, the first data table to map a number of distinct resource usage types to the first and second containers, the second data table to map time-based median utilization resource values to the first and second containers, and the third data table to map network interaction metrics to the first and second containers. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine a resource utilization ranking for the resource usage type of the first container and the second container. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine the utilization rank values for the resource usage type of the first container based on the resource utilization ranking of the resource usage type. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine locations of the first container and the second container based on median utilization resource values and network interaction metrics, one of the first container or the second container corresponding to the highest median utilization resource value for the resource usage type is located at a highest utilization rank. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as defined in claim 8, wherein the aggregated resource utilization rank value is a first aggregated resource utilization rank value, and the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine a second aggregated resource utilization rank value to generate a priority list including positions of the first aggregated resource utilization rank value and the second aggregated resource utilization rank value, the positions indicative of index values, a first priority class of the first container and a second priority class of the second container equal to the index values. 15. A method comprising:
classifying a first container into a cluster based on the first container having a number of distinct allocated resources within a threshold number of distinct allocated resources corresponding to a second container; determining resource utilization rank values for a resource usage type of a number of distinct allocated resources of the first container, the resource utilization rank values indicative that the first container utilizes the resource usage type more than the second container utilizes the resource usage type; determining an aggregated resource utilization rank value for the first container based on aggregating ones of the resource utilization rank values corresponding to the first container; and generating a priority class for the first container based on the aggregated resource utilization rank value, the priority class indicative that the first container corresponds to a greater priority than the second container. 16. The method of claim 15, further including determining median utilization resource values in a time interval for the first container in the cluster. 17. The method of claim 15, further including generating a first data table, a second data table, and a third data table, the first data table to map a number of distinct resource usage types to the first and second containers, the second data table to map time-based median utilization resource values to the first and second containers, and the third data table to map network interaction metrics to the first and second containers. 18. The method of claim 15, further including determining a resource utilization ranking for the resource usage type of the first container and the second container. 19. The method of claim 18, further including determining the utilization rank values for the resource usage type of the first container based on the resource utilization ranking of the resource usage type. 20. The method of claim 18, further including determining locations of the first container and the second container based on median utilization resource values and network interaction metrics, one of the first container or the second container corresponding to the highest median utilization resource value for the resource usage type is located at a highest utilization rank. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the aggregated resource utilization rank value is a first aggregated resource utilization rank value, and the method further including determining a second aggregated resource utilization rank value to generate a priority list including positions of the first aggregated resource utilization rank value and the second aggregated resource utilization rank value, the positions indicative of index values, a first priority class of the first container and a second priority class of the second container equal to the index values. | 2,600 |
343,181 | 16,642,882 | 2,600 | An electric oil pump includes a pump housing, a first rotor assembly, a pump shaft, a second rotor assembly, a stator assembly, and a circuit board assembly. The pump housing includes at least a first housing, a second housing, and a third housing. A first cavity is formed between the first housing and the second housing. A second cavity is formed between the second housing and the third housing. The first rotor assembly is accommodated in the first cavity. The second rotor assembly, the stator assembly, and the circuit board assembly are accommodated in the second cavity. The first cavity and the second cavity are isolated by an isolation portion, such that working media provided therein do not communicate with each other. | 1. An electric oil pump, comprising: a pump housing, a first rotor assembly, a pump shaft, a second rotor assembly, a stator assembly and a circuit board assembly, wherein
the pump housing at least comprises a first housing, a second housing and a third housing, the electric oil pump has a pump inner chamber, the pump inner chamber comprises a first inner chamber and a second inner chamber, a sidewall forming the first inner chamber comprises part of the first housing and part of the second housing, a sidewall forming the second inner chamber comprises part of the third housing, and the third housing is configured to shield the circuit board assembly; the first rotor assembly is accommodated in the first inner chamber, and the second rotor assembly, the stator assembly and the circuit board assembly are accommodated in the second inner chamber; the electric oil pump comprises a partition portion, the partition portion is arranged between the first housing and the third housing, and the first inner chamber and the second inner chamber are located on two sides of the partition portion; and the first inner chamber is isolated from the second inner chamber by the partition portion, or the electric oil pump further comprises a sealing portion, and the first inner chamber is isolated from the second inner chamber by the partition portion and the sealing portion. 2. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the second housing is detachably connected with the first housing, the second housing is closer to the second rotor assembly than the first housing, the second housing comprises the partition portion, and the partition portion is configured to support the first rotor assembly. 3. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the second housing is detachably connected with the first housing, the second housing is closer to the second rotor assembly than the first housing, the partition portion is detachably connected with the first housing and the second housing, the partition portion is configured to support the first rotor assembly, and the partition portion is closer to the second rotor assembly than the second housing. 4. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth housing, wherein the fourth housing is detachably connected with the second housing, the fourth housing is detachably connected with the third housing, the fourth housing comprises the partition portion, and the partition portion is configured to support the first rotor assembly. 5. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. 6. The electric oil pump according to claim 5, wherein
the first support portion comprises a first accommodating portion, the first accommodating portion is formed with at least part of a first accommodating cavity, the first accommodating cavity is surrounded by at least part of an inner circumferential surface of the first accommodating portion, and the pump shaft passes through the first accommodating cavity, and at least part of an outer circumferential surface of the pump shaft is in a clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the first accommodating portion; or the electric oil pump comprises a first bearing, the first bearing is provided in the first accommodating cavity, the pump shaft passes through the first bearing, and an outer circumferential surface of the first bearing is in an interference fit with the inner circumferential surface of the first accommodating portion. 7. The electric oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the first support portion comprises a second accommodating portion, the second accommodating portion is formed with at least part of a second accommodating cavity, the second accommodating cavity is surrounded by at least part of an inner circumferential surface of the second accommodating portion, the sealing portion comprises an oil seal, the oil seal is provided in the second accommodating cavity, the pump shaft passes through the oil seal, and an outer circumferential surface of the oil seal is sealingly fitted to the second accommodating portion. 8. The electric oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the first support portion comprises a second accommodating portion, at least part of the pump shaft passes through the second accommodating portion; and a clearance is formed between the inner circumferential surface of the second accommodating portion and at least part of the outer circumferential surface of the pump shaft, the clearance is smaller than a penetration distance of a working medium in the first inner chamber, and the clearance is configured to prevent the working medium in the first inner chamber from entering the second inner chamber through the clearance. 9. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein
the second rotor assembly is arranged between the first rotor assembly and the circuit board assembly; the first rotor assembly is arranged toward to one end of the pump shaft, the second rotor assembly is arranged close to another end of the pump shaft, the circuit board assembly is close to one end of the pump shaft mounted with the second rotor assembly; and one end of the pump shaft close to the first rotor assembly extends into the first inner chamber, and another end of the pump shaft close to the second rotor assembly extends into the second inner chamber. 10. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, further comprising a partition plate, wherein the partition plate is provided in the second inner chamber, the electric oil pump further comprises a second support portion, the second support portion is integrally formed with the partition plate, the second support portion is arranged protruding from the partition plate toward the second inner chamber, the electric oil pump comprises a second bearing, and the pump shaft is directly supported on the second support portion, or the pump shaft is supported on the second support portion through the second bearing. 11. The electric oil pump according to claim 10, wherein
the partition plate comprises a third accommodating portion, the third accommodating portion is formed with at least part of a third accommodating cavity, and the third accommodating cavity is surrounded by at least part of an inner circumferential surface of the third accommodating portion, and the pump shaft passes through the third accommodating cavity, and at least part of the outer circumferential surface of the pump shaft is in a clearance fit with an inner circumferential surface of the third accommodating portion; or the electric oil pump comprises a second bearing, the second bearing is provided in the third accommodating cavity, the pump shaft passes through the second bearing, and an outer circumferential surface of the second bearing is in an interference fit with the inner circumferential surface of the third accommodating portion. 12. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the first housing is detachably connected with the second housing through a first connection portion, the second housing is detachably connected with the third housing through a second connection portion, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are not arranged in the first inner chamber or the second inner chamber. 13. The electric oil pump according to claim 12, wherein the first connection portion comprises first screws, the first housing comprises a first flange portion, the first flange portion is arranged protruding from the first housing, the first flange portion is formed with first communication holes, the second housing is formed with first threaded holes, the first threaded holes are formed along a main body portion of the second housing, the first screws pass through the first communication holes and are mounted from a side close to the first housing, and the first screws are screwed to the second housing. 14. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the electric oil pump comprises an outer sealing portion, the outer sealing portion comprises a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring which are sleeved on an outer circumferential surface of the second housing, the first sealing ring is arranged close to the first housing, and the second sealing ring is arranged close to the third housing. 15. The electric oil pump according to claim 14, wherein
the first rotor assembly comprises a first rotor and a second rotor, a hydraulic chamber with a variable volume is formed between the first rotor and the second rotor, the electric oil pump further comprises a first flow port and a second flow port, the working medium flows into the electric oil pump through the first flow port, and the working medium flows out of the electric oil pump through the second flow port; and the electric oil pump further comprises a first communication cavity and a second communication cavity, the first communication cavity is arranged between the first flow port and the hydraulic chamber, the first communication cavity is in communication with the first flow port, the second communication cavity is arranged between the second flow port and the hydraulic chamber, and the second communication cavity is in communication with the second flow port. 16. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. 17. The electric oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. 18. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. | An electric oil pump includes a pump housing, a first rotor assembly, a pump shaft, a second rotor assembly, a stator assembly, and a circuit board assembly. The pump housing includes at least a first housing, a second housing, and a third housing. A first cavity is formed between the first housing and the second housing. A second cavity is formed between the second housing and the third housing. The first rotor assembly is accommodated in the first cavity. The second rotor assembly, the stator assembly, and the circuit board assembly are accommodated in the second cavity. The first cavity and the second cavity are isolated by an isolation portion, such that working media provided therein do not communicate with each other.1. An electric oil pump, comprising: a pump housing, a first rotor assembly, a pump shaft, a second rotor assembly, a stator assembly and a circuit board assembly, wherein
the pump housing at least comprises a first housing, a second housing and a third housing, the electric oil pump has a pump inner chamber, the pump inner chamber comprises a first inner chamber and a second inner chamber, a sidewall forming the first inner chamber comprises part of the first housing and part of the second housing, a sidewall forming the second inner chamber comprises part of the third housing, and the third housing is configured to shield the circuit board assembly; the first rotor assembly is accommodated in the first inner chamber, and the second rotor assembly, the stator assembly and the circuit board assembly are accommodated in the second inner chamber; the electric oil pump comprises a partition portion, the partition portion is arranged between the first housing and the third housing, and the first inner chamber and the second inner chamber are located on two sides of the partition portion; and the first inner chamber is isolated from the second inner chamber by the partition portion, or the electric oil pump further comprises a sealing portion, and the first inner chamber is isolated from the second inner chamber by the partition portion and the sealing portion. 2. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the second housing is detachably connected with the first housing, the second housing is closer to the second rotor assembly than the first housing, the second housing comprises the partition portion, and the partition portion is configured to support the first rotor assembly. 3. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the second housing is detachably connected with the first housing, the second housing is closer to the second rotor assembly than the first housing, the partition portion is detachably connected with the first housing and the second housing, the partition portion is configured to support the first rotor assembly, and the partition portion is closer to the second rotor assembly than the second housing. 4. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth housing, wherein the fourth housing is detachably connected with the second housing, the fourth housing is detachably connected with the third housing, the fourth housing comprises the partition portion, and the partition portion is configured to support the first rotor assembly. 5. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. 6. The electric oil pump according to claim 5, wherein
the first support portion comprises a first accommodating portion, the first accommodating portion is formed with at least part of a first accommodating cavity, the first accommodating cavity is surrounded by at least part of an inner circumferential surface of the first accommodating portion, and the pump shaft passes through the first accommodating cavity, and at least part of an outer circumferential surface of the pump shaft is in a clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the first accommodating portion; or the electric oil pump comprises a first bearing, the first bearing is provided in the first accommodating cavity, the pump shaft passes through the first bearing, and an outer circumferential surface of the first bearing is in an interference fit with the inner circumferential surface of the first accommodating portion. 7. The electric oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the first support portion comprises a second accommodating portion, the second accommodating portion is formed with at least part of a second accommodating cavity, the second accommodating cavity is surrounded by at least part of an inner circumferential surface of the second accommodating portion, the sealing portion comprises an oil seal, the oil seal is provided in the second accommodating cavity, the pump shaft passes through the oil seal, and an outer circumferential surface of the oil seal is sealingly fitted to the second accommodating portion. 8. The electric oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the first support portion comprises a second accommodating portion, at least part of the pump shaft passes through the second accommodating portion; and a clearance is formed between the inner circumferential surface of the second accommodating portion and at least part of the outer circumferential surface of the pump shaft, the clearance is smaller than a penetration distance of a working medium in the first inner chamber, and the clearance is configured to prevent the working medium in the first inner chamber from entering the second inner chamber through the clearance. 9. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein
the second rotor assembly is arranged between the first rotor assembly and the circuit board assembly; the first rotor assembly is arranged toward to one end of the pump shaft, the second rotor assembly is arranged close to another end of the pump shaft, the circuit board assembly is close to one end of the pump shaft mounted with the second rotor assembly; and one end of the pump shaft close to the first rotor assembly extends into the first inner chamber, and another end of the pump shaft close to the second rotor assembly extends into the second inner chamber. 10. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, further comprising a partition plate, wherein the partition plate is provided in the second inner chamber, the electric oil pump further comprises a second support portion, the second support portion is integrally formed with the partition plate, the second support portion is arranged protruding from the partition plate toward the second inner chamber, the electric oil pump comprises a second bearing, and the pump shaft is directly supported on the second support portion, or the pump shaft is supported on the second support portion through the second bearing. 11. The electric oil pump according to claim 10, wherein
the partition plate comprises a third accommodating portion, the third accommodating portion is formed with at least part of a third accommodating cavity, and the third accommodating cavity is surrounded by at least part of an inner circumferential surface of the third accommodating portion, and the pump shaft passes through the third accommodating cavity, and at least part of the outer circumferential surface of the pump shaft is in a clearance fit with an inner circumferential surface of the third accommodating portion; or the electric oil pump comprises a second bearing, the second bearing is provided in the third accommodating cavity, the pump shaft passes through the second bearing, and an outer circumferential surface of the second bearing is in an interference fit with the inner circumferential surface of the third accommodating portion. 12. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the first housing is detachably connected with the second housing through a first connection portion, the second housing is detachably connected with the third housing through a second connection portion, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are not arranged in the first inner chamber or the second inner chamber. 13. The electric oil pump according to claim 12, wherein the first connection portion comprises first screws, the first housing comprises a first flange portion, the first flange portion is arranged protruding from the first housing, the first flange portion is formed with first communication holes, the second housing is formed with first threaded holes, the first threaded holes are formed along a main body portion of the second housing, the first screws pass through the first communication holes and are mounted from a side close to the first housing, and the first screws are screwed to the second housing. 14. The electric oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the electric oil pump comprises an outer sealing portion, the outer sealing portion comprises a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring which are sleeved on an outer circumferential surface of the second housing, the first sealing ring is arranged close to the first housing, and the second sealing ring is arranged close to the third housing. 15. The electric oil pump according to claim 14, wherein
the first rotor assembly comprises a first rotor and a second rotor, a hydraulic chamber with a variable volume is formed between the first rotor and the second rotor, the electric oil pump further comprises a first flow port and a second flow port, the working medium flows into the electric oil pump through the first flow port, and the working medium flows out of the electric oil pump through the second flow port; and the electric oil pump further comprises a first communication cavity and a second communication cavity, the first communication cavity is arranged between the first flow port and the hydraulic chamber, the first communication cavity is in communication with the first flow port, the second communication cavity is arranged between the second flow port and the hydraulic chamber, and the second communication cavity is in communication with the second flow port. 16. The electric oil pump according to claim 2, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. 17. The electric oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. 18. The electric oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the partition portion comprises a first support portion, the first support portion is arranged protruding from a main body portion of the partition portion toward the second inner chamber, and the pump shaft is directly or indirectly supported on the first support portion. | 2,600 |
343,182 | 16,802,579 | 2,600 | Disclosed is an organic EL display panel including: a substrate; a planarization layer being disposed on an upper surface of the substrate and containing a resin material; plural pixel electrodes being disposed in a matrix manner on the planarization layer; a light emitting layer being disposed on the pixel electrodes and containing an organic luminescent material; and a common electrode covering at least an upper side of the light emitting layer and being disposed continuously in a plane direction. A recessed part is opened to extend in a column direction in at least one gap between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction on the planarization layer, the common electrode is disposed continuously in the recessed part, and a power feed auxiliary interconnect extending in the column direction and formed of an applied film is disposed on an upper surface of the common electrode. | 1. An organic electroluminescence display panel comprising:
a substrate; a planarization layer configured to be disposed on an upper surface of the substrate and contain a resin material; a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to be disposed in a matrix manner on the planarization layer; a light emitting layer configured to be disposed on the pixel electrodes and contain an organic luminescent material; and a common electrode configured to cover at least an upper side of the light emitting layer and be disposed continuously in a plane direction, wherein a recessed part is opened to extend in a column direction in at least one gap in gaps between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction on the planarization layer, the common electrode is disposed continuously in the recessed part of the planarization layer, and a power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of an applied film is disposed on an upper surface of the common electrode located in the recessed part of the planarization layer. 2. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
two column banks are further formed to extend in the column direction between the recessed part and the pixel electrodes each adjacent to the recessed part on both sides in the row direction on the planarization layer, and a depth of the recessed part of the planarization layer is larger than a height of the column banks. 3. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
a lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of a vapor-deposited film is disposed in the recessed part of the planarization layer and under the common electrode. 4. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electrode plate configured to extend along a peripheral edge of the substrate outside a region in which the pixel electrodes exist in plan view on the planarization layer, wherein the recessed part of the planarization layer is opened to vicinity of the peripheral edge of the substrate in plan view, the electrode plate is disposed continuously in the recessed part of the planarization layer, and the power feed auxiliary interconnect extends to an upper surface of the electrode plate in plan view. 5. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 4, wherein
the common electrode extends to the upper surface of the electrode plate in plan view. 6. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electrode plate configured to extend along a peripheral edge of the substrate outside a region in which the pixel electrodes exist in plan view on the planarization layer, wherein the recessed part of the planarization layer is opened to an end point located outside a region in which the pixel electrodes exist and inside relative to the electrode plate in plan view, the power feed auxiliary interconnect extends to the end point in plan view, and the common electrode extends to the upper surface of the electrode plate in plan view. 7. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
a depth of the recessed part of the planarization layer is at least 2 μm and at most 5 μm, and the power feed auxiliary interconnect includes silver and has a thickness of at least 0.5 μm and at most 2 μm. 8. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
when the recessed part is defined as a first recessed part and the power feed auxiliary interconnect is defined as a first power feed auxiliary interconnect,
a second recessed part is further opened to extend in the row direction in at least one gap in gaps between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the column direction on the planarization layer,
the common electrode is disposed continuously in the second recessed part of the planarization layer, and
a second power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the row direction and is formed of an applied film is disposed on the upper surface of the common electrode located in the second recessed part of the planarization layer. 9. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 8, wherein
positions of the second recessed part and the second power feed auxiliary interconnect in the column direction differ depending on positions in the row direction regarding the pixel electrodes that sandwich the gap in which the second recessed part is opened in the column direction. 10. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 8, wherein
the second recessed part and the second power feed auxiliary interconnect are disposed at every group of a plurality of pixel electrodes in the column direction. 11. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 8, wherein
two row banks are formed to extend in the row direction between the second recessed part and the pixel electrodes each adjacent to the second recessed part on both sides in the column direction on the planarization layer, and a height of the row banks is smaller than a depth of the second recessed part. 12. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 3, wherein
the pixel electrodes and the lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect are formed of vapor-deposited films, and the pixel electrodes and the lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect are composed of a same material. 13. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 2, wherein
the common electrode is formed of a vapor-deposited film and is formed continuously above the column banks. 14. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 2, wherein
when the column banks are defined as first column banks,
second column banks are further formed to extend in the column direction between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the row direction on the planarization layer, and
the light emitting layer is formed of an applied film and is disposed continuously in the column direction in gaps between the first column bank and the second column bank and in gaps between the second column banks adjacent to each other in the row direction. 15. A manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescence display panel, comprising:
preparing a substrate; forming a planarization layer that is disposed on an upper surface of the substrate and contains a resin material; forming a plurality of pixel electrodes in a matrix manner on the planarization layer; forming a light emitting layer that is disposed on the pixel electrodes and contains an organic luminescent material; and disposing a common electrode continuously in a plane direction in such a manner as to cover at least an upper side of the light emitting layer, wherein in the forming the planarization layer, a recessed part is opened to extend in a column direction in at least one gap in gaps between regions in which the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction are to be formed on the planarization layer, in the disposing the common electrode, the common electrode is formed continuously in the recessed part of the planarization layer, and the manufacturing method further has forming a power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of an applied film on an upper surface of the common electrode located in the recessed part of the planarization layer after the disposing the common electrode. 16. The manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming two column banks that extend in the column direction between the recessed part and the pixel electrodes each adjacent to the recessed part on both sides in the row direction on the planarization layer after the forming the pixel electrodes and before the forming the light emitting layer, wherein in the forming the power feed auxiliary interconnect, the power feed auxiliary interconnect is formed by applying ink that contains a metal material into a gap between the column banks and drying the ink. 17. The manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 15, wherein
in the forming the pixel electrodes, a lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of a vapor-deposited film is further formed in the recessed part of the planarization layer and under the common electrode. | Disclosed is an organic EL display panel including: a substrate; a planarization layer being disposed on an upper surface of the substrate and containing a resin material; plural pixel electrodes being disposed in a matrix manner on the planarization layer; a light emitting layer being disposed on the pixel electrodes and containing an organic luminescent material; and a common electrode covering at least an upper side of the light emitting layer and being disposed continuously in a plane direction. A recessed part is opened to extend in a column direction in at least one gap between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction on the planarization layer, the common electrode is disposed continuously in the recessed part, and a power feed auxiliary interconnect extending in the column direction and formed of an applied film is disposed on an upper surface of the common electrode.1. An organic electroluminescence display panel comprising:
a substrate; a planarization layer configured to be disposed on an upper surface of the substrate and contain a resin material; a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to be disposed in a matrix manner on the planarization layer; a light emitting layer configured to be disposed on the pixel electrodes and contain an organic luminescent material; and a common electrode configured to cover at least an upper side of the light emitting layer and be disposed continuously in a plane direction, wherein a recessed part is opened to extend in a column direction in at least one gap in gaps between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction on the planarization layer, the common electrode is disposed continuously in the recessed part of the planarization layer, and a power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of an applied film is disposed on an upper surface of the common electrode located in the recessed part of the planarization layer. 2. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
two column banks are further formed to extend in the column direction between the recessed part and the pixel electrodes each adjacent to the recessed part on both sides in the row direction on the planarization layer, and a depth of the recessed part of the planarization layer is larger than a height of the column banks. 3. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
a lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of a vapor-deposited film is disposed in the recessed part of the planarization layer and under the common electrode. 4. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electrode plate configured to extend along a peripheral edge of the substrate outside a region in which the pixel electrodes exist in plan view on the planarization layer, wherein the recessed part of the planarization layer is opened to vicinity of the peripheral edge of the substrate in plan view, the electrode plate is disposed continuously in the recessed part of the planarization layer, and the power feed auxiliary interconnect extends to an upper surface of the electrode plate in plan view. 5. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 4, wherein
the common electrode extends to the upper surface of the electrode plate in plan view. 6. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electrode plate configured to extend along a peripheral edge of the substrate outside a region in which the pixel electrodes exist in plan view on the planarization layer, wherein the recessed part of the planarization layer is opened to an end point located outside a region in which the pixel electrodes exist and inside relative to the electrode plate in plan view, the power feed auxiliary interconnect extends to the end point in plan view, and the common electrode extends to the upper surface of the electrode plate in plan view. 7. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
a depth of the recessed part of the planarization layer is at least 2 μm and at most 5 μm, and the power feed auxiliary interconnect includes silver and has a thickness of at least 0.5 μm and at most 2 μm. 8. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 1, wherein
when the recessed part is defined as a first recessed part and the power feed auxiliary interconnect is defined as a first power feed auxiliary interconnect,
a second recessed part is further opened to extend in the row direction in at least one gap in gaps between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the column direction on the planarization layer,
the common electrode is disposed continuously in the second recessed part of the planarization layer, and
a second power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the row direction and is formed of an applied film is disposed on the upper surface of the common electrode located in the second recessed part of the planarization layer. 9. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 8, wherein
positions of the second recessed part and the second power feed auxiliary interconnect in the column direction differ depending on positions in the row direction regarding the pixel electrodes that sandwich the gap in which the second recessed part is opened in the column direction. 10. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 8, wherein
the second recessed part and the second power feed auxiliary interconnect are disposed at every group of a plurality of pixel electrodes in the column direction. 11. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 8, wherein
two row banks are formed to extend in the row direction between the second recessed part and the pixel electrodes each adjacent to the second recessed part on both sides in the column direction on the planarization layer, and a height of the row banks is smaller than a depth of the second recessed part. 12. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 3, wherein
the pixel electrodes and the lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect are formed of vapor-deposited films, and the pixel electrodes and the lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect are composed of a same material. 13. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 2, wherein
the common electrode is formed of a vapor-deposited film and is formed continuously above the column banks. 14. The organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 2, wherein
when the column banks are defined as first column banks,
second column banks are further formed to extend in the column direction between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the row direction on the planarization layer, and
the light emitting layer is formed of an applied film and is disposed continuously in the column direction in gaps between the first column bank and the second column bank and in gaps between the second column banks adjacent to each other in the row direction. 15. A manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescence display panel, comprising:
preparing a substrate; forming a planarization layer that is disposed on an upper surface of the substrate and contains a resin material; forming a plurality of pixel electrodes in a matrix manner on the planarization layer; forming a light emitting layer that is disposed on the pixel electrodes and contains an organic luminescent material; and disposing a common electrode continuously in a plane direction in such a manner as to cover at least an upper side of the light emitting layer, wherein in the forming the planarization layer, a recessed part is opened to extend in a column direction in at least one gap in gaps between regions in which the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction are to be formed on the planarization layer, in the disposing the common electrode, the common electrode is formed continuously in the recessed part of the planarization layer, and the manufacturing method further has forming a power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of an applied film on an upper surface of the common electrode located in the recessed part of the planarization layer after the disposing the common electrode. 16. The manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 15, further comprising:
forming two column banks that extend in the column direction between the recessed part and the pixel electrodes each adjacent to the recessed part on both sides in the row direction on the planarization layer after the forming the pixel electrodes and before the forming the light emitting layer, wherein in the forming the power feed auxiliary interconnect, the power feed auxiliary interconnect is formed by applying ink that contains a metal material into a gap between the column banks and drying the ink. 17. The manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescence display panel according to claim 15, wherein
in the forming the pixel electrodes, a lower-layer power feed auxiliary interconnect that extends in the column direction and is formed of a vapor-deposited film is further formed in the recessed part of the planarization layer and under the common electrode. | 2,600 |
343,183 | 16,802,581 | 2,600 | A scanning unit for an angle-measuring device for scanning an angular scale, so that a relative angular position between the scanning unit and the angular scale about an axis of rotation can be determined, includes a substrate having a first surface, a detector configured to generate signals which are dependent on the angular position, evaluation electronics including electronic components surrounded by a potting compound, and an electrical interface configured to create a connection from the evaluation electronics to subsequent electronics. The detector, electronic components and electrical interface are disposed on the first surface of the substrate. The electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed further away from the axis of rotation than the detector. The potting compound is disposed on the first surface of the substrate circumferentially around the axis of rotation. | 1. A scanning unit for an angle-measuring device for scanning an angular scale so that a relative angular position between the scanning unit and the angular scale about an axis of rotation can be determined, the scanning unit comprising:
a substrate having a first surface; at least one detector configured to generate signals which are dependent on the angular position; evaluation electronics including a plurality of electronic components, the electronic components of the evaluation electronics being surrounded by a potting compound; and an electrical interface configured to create a connection from the evaluation electronics to subsequent electronics, wherein the at least one detector, the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed further away from the axis of rotation than the at least one detector, and wherein the potting compound is disposed on the first surface of the substrate circumferentially around the axis of rotation. 2. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm. 3. The scanning unit as recited in claim 2, wherein the substrate has a metal layer, the metal layer having a thickness of at least 0.5 mm. 4. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has a second surface opposite the first surface, the second surface having no electronic components disposed thereon. 5. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the detector is configured as at least one receiver winding. 6. The scanning unit as recited in claim 5, further comprising at least one excitation winding disposed on the first surface of the substrate. 7. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has at least one fastening element disposed radially outwardly of a sealing element. 8. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has an edge region extending radially outwardly of the potting compound. 9. The scanning unit as recited in claim 8, wherein the substrate has at least one fastening element disposed in the edge region. 10. An angle-measuring device for determining a relative angular position between a scanning unit and an angular scale, the angle-measuring device comprising:
the angular scale, which is rotatable relative to the scanning unit about an axis of rotation; and the scanning unit, which is disposed at an axial offset from the angular scale, the scanning unit comprising:
a substrate having a first surface;
at least one detector configured to generate signals which are dependent on the angular position;
evaluation electronics including a plurality of electronic components, the electronic components of the evaluation electronics being surrounded by a potting compound; and
an electrical interface configured to create a connection from the evaluation electronics to subsequent electronics,
wherein the at least one detector, the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed on the first surface of the substrate,
wherein the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed further away from the axis of rotation than the at least one detector, and
wherein the potting compound is disposed on the first surface of the substrate circumferentially around the axis of rotation. 11. The angle-measuring device as recited in claim 10, wherein the angular scale is disposed radially inwardly of the potting compound. 12. The angle-measuring device as recited in claim 10, wherein the angle-measuring device is configured as an inductive angle-measuring device. 13. The angle-measuring device as recited in any of claim 10, wherein the angular scale has electrically conductive regions at periodic intervals as a graduation structure. 14. The angle-measuring device as recited in any of claim 10, wherein the angular scale is made from electrically conductive material and has elevations and depressions at periodic intervals as a graduation structure. 15. The angle-measuring device as recited in any of claim 10, wherein the angle-measuring device is bearingless. | A scanning unit for an angle-measuring device for scanning an angular scale, so that a relative angular position between the scanning unit and the angular scale about an axis of rotation can be determined, includes a substrate having a first surface, a detector configured to generate signals which are dependent on the angular position, evaluation electronics including electronic components surrounded by a potting compound, and an electrical interface configured to create a connection from the evaluation electronics to subsequent electronics. The detector, electronic components and electrical interface are disposed on the first surface of the substrate. The electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed further away from the axis of rotation than the detector. The potting compound is disposed on the first surface of the substrate circumferentially around the axis of rotation.1. A scanning unit for an angle-measuring device for scanning an angular scale so that a relative angular position between the scanning unit and the angular scale about an axis of rotation can be determined, the scanning unit comprising:
a substrate having a first surface; at least one detector configured to generate signals which are dependent on the angular position; evaluation electronics including a plurality of electronic components, the electronic components of the evaluation electronics being surrounded by a potting compound; and an electrical interface configured to create a connection from the evaluation electronics to subsequent electronics, wherein the at least one detector, the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed further away from the axis of rotation than the at least one detector, and wherein the potting compound is disposed on the first surface of the substrate circumferentially around the axis of rotation. 2. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm. 3. The scanning unit as recited in claim 2, wherein the substrate has a metal layer, the metal layer having a thickness of at least 0.5 mm. 4. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has a second surface opposite the first surface, the second surface having no electronic components disposed thereon. 5. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the detector is configured as at least one receiver winding. 6. The scanning unit as recited in claim 5, further comprising at least one excitation winding disposed on the first surface of the substrate. 7. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has at least one fastening element disposed radially outwardly of a sealing element. 8. The scanning unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate has an edge region extending radially outwardly of the potting compound. 9. The scanning unit as recited in claim 8, wherein the substrate has at least one fastening element disposed in the edge region. 10. An angle-measuring device for determining a relative angular position between a scanning unit and an angular scale, the angle-measuring device comprising:
the angular scale, which is rotatable relative to the scanning unit about an axis of rotation; and the scanning unit, which is disposed at an axial offset from the angular scale, the scanning unit comprising:
a substrate having a first surface;
at least one detector configured to generate signals which are dependent on the angular position;
evaluation electronics including a plurality of electronic components, the electronic components of the evaluation electronics being surrounded by a potting compound; and
an electrical interface configured to create a connection from the evaluation electronics to subsequent electronics,
wherein the at least one detector, the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed on the first surface of the substrate,
wherein the electronic components and the electrical interface are disposed further away from the axis of rotation than the at least one detector, and
wherein the potting compound is disposed on the first surface of the substrate circumferentially around the axis of rotation. 11. The angle-measuring device as recited in claim 10, wherein the angular scale is disposed radially inwardly of the potting compound. 12. The angle-measuring device as recited in claim 10, wherein the angle-measuring device is configured as an inductive angle-measuring device. 13. The angle-measuring device as recited in any of claim 10, wherein the angular scale has electrically conductive regions at periodic intervals as a graduation structure. 14. The angle-measuring device as recited in any of claim 10, wherein the angular scale is made from electrically conductive material and has elevations and depressions at periodic intervals as a graduation structure. 15. The angle-measuring device as recited in any of claim 10, wherein the angle-measuring device is bearingless. | 2,600 |
343,184 | 16,642,881 | 2,600 | A control method and a control system are provided. A valve closing position of a valve device can be controlled according to the current flow direction or working mode of a refrigerant. A stroke of the valve device from a fully-opened position to a fully-closed position is defined as a total valve closing stroke. When the flow direction of the refrigerant is a forward direction, the valve device is controlled to operate at a first valve closing position, and when the flow direction of the refrigerant is a reverse direction, the valve device is controlled to operate at a second valve closing position. The first valve closing position is different from the second valve closing position, such that wear caused by valve closing can be reduced. | 1. A method for controlling a valve device to operate at a valve closing position, comprising:
determining a first valve closing position as the valve closing position in a case that a direction of a system pressure applied on a valve needle of the valve device is identical to a valve closing direction; and determining a second valve closing position as the valve closing position in a case that the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is different from the valve closing direction, wherein the valve closing position comprises at least the first valve closing position and the second valve closing position, the first valve closing position is different from the second valve closing position, and the first valve closing position is set farther from a fully-closing position than the second valve closing position, and a total valve closing stroke is a stroke of the valve device from a fully-opening position to the fully-closing position. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring a current flow direction of a working medium or a pressure difference across a system inlet-outlet; determining, based on the current flow direction of the working medium or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet, whether the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is identical to the valve closing direction, to determine the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position as the valve closing position of the valve device; and controlling the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in a case that a current flow direction of a working medium is forward or a pressure difference across a system inlet-outlet is positive, the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is identical to the valve closing direction, and
the method further comprises: controlling the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position, wherein the first valve closing position is close to and not identical to the fully-closing position. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the valve device is an electronic expansion valve and a stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position is of 90% to 99% of the total valve closing stroke. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is backward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative, the method further comprises:
controlling the valve device to operate at the second valve closing position, wherein the second valve closing position is identical to the fully-closing position. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
acquiring a target flow rate; determining a valve-opening starting position and a valve-opening ending position of the valve device based on the current flow direction of the working medium and the target flow rate, or determining the valve-opening starting position and the valve-opening ending position of the valve device based on the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet and the target flow rate; and controlling the valve device to operate from the valve-opening starting position to the valve-opening ending position, wherein the fully-opening position of the valve device is a position at which a flow rate of the valve device is maximum, the fully-closing position of the valve device is a fully-closing mechanically-limiting position of the valve device, a target position corresponding to the target flow rate is a position at which the flow rate reaches the target flow rate. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is forward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive, the valve-opening starting position is identical to the first valve closing position; and in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is backward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative, the valve-opening starting position is identical to the second valve closing position, and wherein the valve-opening ending position is identical to the target position corresponding to the target flow rate. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the valve device is an electronic expansion valve, and the electronic expansion valve comprises:
a motor comprising a coil and a rotor; a valve body; and a valve assembly comprising a transmission element, a buffer spring and a valve needle, and wherein the electronic expansion valve is provided with a valve port, rotation of the rotor is converted into up-and-down motion of the valve needle via the transmission element, and the buffer spring is arranged between the transmission element and the valve needle, and a large elasticity coefficient of the buffer spring corresponds to a large range of an allowable stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the electronic expansion valve further comprises: a control unit configured to control the valve needle to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a refrigerating system has at least two different operation modes, and a working medium of the refrigerating system flows through the valve device in different directions in the two different operation modes, and wherein
the method further comprises: acquiring an operation mode of the refrigerating system; determining, based on the operation mode, whether the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is identical to the valve closing direction, to determine the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position as the valve closing position of the valve device; and controlling the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the refrigerating system has a refrigerating mode and a heating mode, and a flow direction of the working medium in the refrigerating mode is opposite to the flow direction of the working medium in the heating mode, and wherein
in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is forward in the refrigerating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive in the refrigerating mode, the first valve closing position is determined as a valve closing position in the refrigerating mode; and in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is backward in the heating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative in the heating mode, the second valve closing position is determined as a valve closing position in the heating mode; in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is backward in the refrigerating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative in the refrigerating mode, the second valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the refrigerating mode; and in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is forward in the heating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive in the heating mode, the first valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the heating mode; and the valve device is controlled to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position based on the operation mode, wherein the first valve closing position is close to and not identical to the fully-closing position, a stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position is of 90% to 99% of the total valve closing stroke, and the second valve closing position is identical to the fully-closing position. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the refrigerating system further has a dehumidifying mode, and the flow direction of the working medium of the refrigerating system in the dehumidifying mode is identical to the flow direction of the working medium of the refrigerating system in the refrigerating mode, and wherein
in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is forward in the dehumidifying mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive in the dehumidifying mode, the first valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the dehumidifying mode, and in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is backward in the dehumidifying mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative in the dehumidifying mode, the second valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the dehumidifying mode. 13. A system for controlling a valve device to operate at a valve closing position, the system comprising:
a calculation module configured to determine a first valve closing position or a second valve closing position as the valve closing position based on whether a direction of a system pressure applied on a valve needle of the valve device is identical to a valve closing direction, wherein the first valve closing position is set farther from the fully-closing position than the second valve closing position; a reception module configured to receive the first valve closing position or second valve closing position; and an execution module configured to control the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position that is determined by the calculation module, wherein a total valve closing stroke is a stroke of the valve device from a fully-opening position to a fully-closing position. 14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the calculation module is further configured to determine the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position as the valve closing position based on a current flow direction of a working medium, or a pressure difference across a system inlet-outlet or a current operation mode. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the valve closing position comprises at least the first valve closing position and the second valve closing position, and
in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is forward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive, the valve device is controlled to operate at the first valve closing position, wherein the valve device is an electronic expansion valve, and a stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position is of 90% to 99% of the total valve closing stroke; and in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is backward, the valve device is controlled to operate at the second valve closing position, wherein the second valve closing position is identical to the fully-opening position in the total valve closing stroke. 16. The system according to claim 15, further comprising: a sending module configured to send a valve-opening command to the valve device, wherein
the calculation module is further configured to determine a valve-opening starting position and a valve-opening ending position based on the current flow direction of the working medium and a target flow rate, the reception module is further configured to receive information of the valve-opening starting position and the valve-opening ending position, and the execution module is further configured to control the valve device to operate from the valve-opening starting position to the valve-opening ending position. | A control method and a control system are provided. A valve closing position of a valve device can be controlled according to the current flow direction or working mode of a refrigerant. A stroke of the valve device from a fully-opened position to a fully-closed position is defined as a total valve closing stroke. When the flow direction of the refrigerant is a forward direction, the valve device is controlled to operate at a first valve closing position, and when the flow direction of the refrigerant is a reverse direction, the valve device is controlled to operate at a second valve closing position. The first valve closing position is different from the second valve closing position, such that wear caused by valve closing can be reduced.1. A method for controlling a valve device to operate at a valve closing position, comprising:
determining a first valve closing position as the valve closing position in a case that a direction of a system pressure applied on a valve needle of the valve device is identical to a valve closing direction; and determining a second valve closing position as the valve closing position in a case that the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is different from the valve closing direction, wherein the valve closing position comprises at least the first valve closing position and the second valve closing position, the first valve closing position is different from the second valve closing position, and the first valve closing position is set farther from a fully-closing position than the second valve closing position, and a total valve closing stroke is a stroke of the valve device from a fully-opening position to the fully-closing position. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring a current flow direction of a working medium or a pressure difference across a system inlet-outlet; determining, based on the current flow direction of the working medium or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet, whether the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is identical to the valve closing direction, to determine the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position as the valve closing position of the valve device; and controlling the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in a case that a current flow direction of a working medium is forward or a pressure difference across a system inlet-outlet is positive, the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is identical to the valve closing direction, and
the method further comprises: controlling the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position, wherein the first valve closing position is close to and not identical to the fully-closing position. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the valve device is an electronic expansion valve and a stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position is of 90% to 99% of the total valve closing stroke. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is backward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative, the method further comprises:
controlling the valve device to operate at the second valve closing position, wherein the second valve closing position is identical to the fully-closing position. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
acquiring a target flow rate; determining a valve-opening starting position and a valve-opening ending position of the valve device based on the current flow direction of the working medium and the target flow rate, or determining the valve-opening starting position and the valve-opening ending position of the valve device based on the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet and the target flow rate; and controlling the valve device to operate from the valve-opening starting position to the valve-opening ending position, wherein the fully-opening position of the valve device is a position at which a flow rate of the valve device is maximum, the fully-closing position of the valve device is a fully-closing mechanically-limiting position of the valve device, a target position corresponding to the target flow rate is a position at which the flow rate reaches the target flow rate. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is forward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive, the valve-opening starting position is identical to the first valve closing position; and in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is backward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative, the valve-opening starting position is identical to the second valve closing position, and wherein the valve-opening ending position is identical to the target position corresponding to the target flow rate. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the valve device is an electronic expansion valve, and the electronic expansion valve comprises:
a motor comprising a coil and a rotor; a valve body; and a valve assembly comprising a transmission element, a buffer spring and a valve needle, and wherein the electronic expansion valve is provided with a valve port, rotation of the rotor is converted into up-and-down motion of the valve needle via the transmission element, and the buffer spring is arranged between the transmission element and the valve needle, and a large elasticity coefficient of the buffer spring corresponds to a large range of an allowable stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the electronic expansion valve further comprises: a control unit configured to control the valve needle to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a refrigerating system has at least two different operation modes, and a working medium of the refrigerating system flows through the valve device in different directions in the two different operation modes, and wherein
the method further comprises: acquiring an operation mode of the refrigerating system; determining, based on the operation mode, whether the direction of the system pressure applied on the valve needle of the valve device is identical to the valve closing direction, to determine the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position as the valve closing position of the valve device; and controlling the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the refrigerating system has a refrigerating mode and a heating mode, and a flow direction of the working medium in the refrigerating mode is opposite to the flow direction of the working medium in the heating mode, and wherein
in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is forward in the refrigerating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive in the refrigerating mode, the first valve closing position is determined as a valve closing position in the refrigerating mode; and in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is backward in the heating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative in the heating mode, the second valve closing position is determined as a valve closing position in the heating mode; in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is backward in the refrigerating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative in the refrigerating mode, the second valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the refrigerating mode; and in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is forward in the heating mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive in the heating mode, the first valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the heating mode; and the valve device is controlled to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position based on the operation mode, wherein the first valve closing position is close to and not identical to the fully-closing position, a stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position is of 90% to 99% of the total valve closing stroke, and the second valve closing position is identical to the fully-closing position. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the refrigerating system further has a dehumidifying mode, and the flow direction of the working medium of the refrigerating system in the dehumidifying mode is identical to the flow direction of the working medium of the refrigerating system in the refrigerating mode, and wherein
in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is forward in the dehumidifying mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive in the dehumidifying mode, the first valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the dehumidifying mode, and in a case that the flow direction of the working medium is backward in the dehumidifying mode or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is negative in the dehumidifying mode, the second valve closing position is determined as the valve closing position in the dehumidifying mode. 13. A system for controlling a valve device to operate at a valve closing position, the system comprising:
a calculation module configured to determine a first valve closing position or a second valve closing position as the valve closing position based on whether a direction of a system pressure applied on a valve needle of the valve device is identical to a valve closing direction, wherein the first valve closing position is set farther from the fully-closing position than the second valve closing position; a reception module configured to receive the first valve closing position or second valve closing position; and an execution module configured to control the valve device to operate at the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position that is determined by the calculation module, wherein a total valve closing stroke is a stroke of the valve device from a fully-opening position to a fully-closing position. 14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the calculation module is further configured to determine the first valve closing position or the second valve closing position as the valve closing position based on a current flow direction of a working medium, or a pressure difference across a system inlet-outlet or a current operation mode. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the valve closing position comprises at least the first valve closing position and the second valve closing position, and
in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is forward or the pressure difference across the system inlet-outlet is positive, the valve device is controlled to operate at the first valve closing position, wherein the valve device is an electronic expansion valve, and a stroke from the first valve closing position to the fully-opening position is of 90% to 99% of the total valve closing stroke; and in a case that the current flow direction of the working medium is backward, the valve device is controlled to operate at the second valve closing position, wherein the second valve closing position is identical to the fully-opening position in the total valve closing stroke. 16. The system according to claim 15, further comprising: a sending module configured to send a valve-opening command to the valve device, wherein
the calculation module is further configured to determine a valve-opening starting position and a valve-opening ending position based on the current flow direction of the working medium and a target flow rate, the reception module is further configured to receive information of the valve-opening starting position and the valve-opening ending position, and the execution module is further configured to control the valve device to operate from the valve-opening starting position to the valve-opening ending position. | 2,600 |
343,185 | 16,802,580 | 2,600 | Certain embodiments described herein are generally directed to systems and methods for deterministic load balancing of processing encapsulated encrypted data packets at a destination tunnel endpoint. For example, certain embodiments described herein relate to configuring a destination tunnel endpoint (TEP) with an encapsulating security payload (ESP) receive side scaling (RSS) mode to assign each incoming packet, received from a certain source endpoint (EP), to a certain RSS queue based on an identifier that is encoded in an SPI value included the packet. | 1. A method for deterministic load balancing of processing received encapsulated encrypted data packets at a destination tunnel endpoint (TEP), comprising:
engaging in a tunnel creation according to a security protocol with a source TEP for encrypting data packets communicated between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint; selecting a CPU from a plurality of CPUs of the destination TEP using a CPU selection function, the selected CPU being selected to process packets communicated over the tunnel from the source TEP to the destination TEP; determining an identifier associated with a receive side scaling (RSS) queue associated with the selected CPU; generating a security parameter index (SPI) value including the identifier; indicating the SPI value to the source TEP; establishing an in-bound security association with the source TEP using the SPI value; receiving an encrypted packet from the source TEP, wherein:
the encrypted packet is encrypted by the source TEP based on the in-bound security association; and
the encrypted packet includes the SPI value; and
processing the encrypted packet using the selected CPU for, based on the SPI value including the identifier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the CPU selection function uses a CPU utilization level of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the CPU selection function uses a security association count of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the CPU selection function uses a round-robin algorithm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier is a first number of bits of the SPI value, and wherein remaining bits of the SPI value represent a random value. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the SPI value further comprises:
generating a second SPI value; and replacing a number of bits in the second SPI value with bits of the identifier to generate the SPI value. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the identifier indicates a RSS queue number of the RSS queue associated with a CPU core ID of the selected CPU; and processing the encrypted packet using the selected CPU comprises:
retrieving the encrypted packet from the RSS queue. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the encrypted packet from the source TEP comprises:
receiving the encrypted packet using a virtual network interface card (VNIC), the encrypted data packet comprising a first header and an encrypted payload, the first header comprising a source IP address of the source TEP, a destination IP address of the destination TEP, and the SPI value corresponding to the in-bound security association, the encrypted payload comprising a second header comprising a source IP address of the source endpoint and a destination IP address of the destination endpoint; determining, at the VNIC, that the encrypted packet is an encapsulating security payload (ESP) encrypted packet; determining, at the VNIC, that the encrypted packet is associated with the RSS queue based on the identifier, the identifier being an RSS queue number of the RSS queue; using, at the VNIC, an ESP RSS mode of the VNIC to store the encrypted packet in the RSS queue based on the identifier. 9. A computer system, comprising:
a memory comprising executable instructions; and a processor in data communication with the memory and configured to execute the instructions to cause the computer system to perform a method including:
engaging, at a destination tunnel end point (TEP), in a tunnel creation according to a security protocol with a source TEP for encrypting data packets communicated between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint;
selecting, at the destination TEP, a CPU from a plurality of CPUs of the destination TEP using a CPU selection function, the selected CPU being selected to process packets communicated over the tunnel from the source TEP to the destination TEP;
determining, at the destination TEP, an identifier associated with a receive side scaling (RSS) queue associated with the selected CPU;
generating, at the destination TEP, a security parameter index (SPI) value including the identifier;
indicating, at the destination TEP, the SPI value to the source TEP;
establishing, at the destination TEP, an in-bound security association with the source TEP using the SPI value;
receiving, at the destination TEP, an encrypted packet from the source TEP, wherein:
the encrypted packet is encrypted by the source TEP based on the in-bound security association; and
the encrypted packet includes the SPI value; and
processing, at the destination TEP, the encrypted packet using the selected CPU for, based on the SPI value including the identifier. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the CPU selection function uses a CPU utilization level of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 11. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the CPU selection function uses a security association count of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 12. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the CPU selection function uses a round-robin algorithm. 13. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the identifier is a first number of bits of the SPI value, and wherein remaining bits of the SPI value represent a random value. 14. The computer system of claim 9, wherein generating the SPI value further comprises:
generating a second SPI value; and replacing a number of bits in the second SPI value with bits of the identifier to generate the SPI value. 15. The computer system of claim 9, wherein:
the identifier indicates a RSS queue number of the RSS queue associated with a CPU core ID of the selected CPU; and processing the encrypted packet using the selected CPU comprises:
retrieving the encrypted packet from the RSS queue. 16. The computer system of claim 9, wherein receiving the encrypted packet from the source TEP comprises:
receiving, at the destination TEP, the encrypted packet using a virtual network interface card (VNIC), the encrypted data packet comprising a first header and an encrypted payload, the first header comprising a source IP address of the source TEP, a destination IP address of the destination TEP, and the SPI value corresponding to the in-bound security association, the encrypted payload comprising a second header comprising a source IP address of the source endpoint and a destination IP address of the destination endpoint; determining, at the VNIC of the destination TEP, that the encrypted packet is an encapsulating security payload (ESP) encrypted packet; determining, at the VNIC of the destination TEP, that the encrypted packet is associated with the RSS queue based on the identifier, the identifier being an RSS queue number of the RSS queue; using, at the VNIC, an ESP RSS mode of the VNIC to store the encrypted packet in the RSS queue based on the identifier. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method comprising:
engaging, at a destination tunnel end point (TEP), in a tunnel creation according to a security protocol with a source TEP for encrypting data packets communicated between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint; selecting, at the destination TEP, a CPU from a plurality of CPUs of the destination TEP using a CPU selection function, the selected CPU being selected to process packets communicated over the tunnel from the source TEP to the destination TEP; determining, at the destination TEP, an identifier associated with a receive side scaling (RSS) queue associated with the selected CPU;
generating, at the destination TEP, a security parameter index (SPI) value including the identifier;
indicating, at the destination TEP, the SPI value to the source TEP; establishing, at the destination TEP, an in-bound security association with the source TEP using the SPI value; receiving, at the destination TEP, an encrypted packet from the source TEP, wherein:
the encrypted packet is encrypted by the source TEP based on the in-bound security association; and
the encrypted packet includes the SPI value; and
processing, at the destination TEP, the encrypted packet using the selected CPU for, based on the SPI value including the identifier. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the CPU selection function uses a CPU utilization level of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the CPU selection function uses a security association count of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the CPU selection function uses a round-robin algorithm. | Certain embodiments described herein are generally directed to systems and methods for deterministic load balancing of processing encapsulated encrypted data packets at a destination tunnel endpoint. For example, certain embodiments described herein relate to configuring a destination tunnel endpoint (TEP) with an encapsulating security payload (ESP) receive side scaling (RSS) mode to assign each incoming packet, received from a certain source endpoint (EP), to a certain RSS queue based on an identifier that is encoded in an SPI value included the packet.1. A method for deterministic load balancing of processing received encapsulated encrypted data packets at a destination tunnel endpoint (TEP), comprising:
engaging in a tunnel creation according to a security protocol with a source TEP for encrypting data packets communicated between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint; selecting a CPU from a plurality of CPUs of the destination TEP using a CPU selection function, the selected CPU being selected to process packets communicated over the tunnel from the source TEP to the destination TEP; determining an identifier associated with a receive side scaling (RSS) queue associated with the selected CPU; generating a security parameter index (SPI) value including the identifier; indicating the SPI value to the source TEP; establishing an in-bound security association with the source TEP using the SPI value; receiving an encrypted packet from the source TEP, wherein:
the encrypted packet is encrypted by the source TEP based on the in-bound security association; and
the encrypted packet includes the SPI value; and
processing the encrypted packet using the selected CPU for, based on the SPI value including the identifier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the CPU selection function uses a CPU utilization level of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the CPU selection function uses a security association count of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the CPU selection function uses a round-robin algorithm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier is a first number of bits of the SPI value, and wherein remaining bits of the SPI value represent a random value. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the SPI value further comprises:
generating a second SPI value; and replacing a number of bits in the second SPI value with bits of the identifier to generate the SPI value. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the identifier indicates a RSS queue number of the RSS queue associated with a CPU core ID of the selected CPU; and processing the encrypted packet using the selected CPU comprises:
retrieving the encrypted packet from the RSS queue. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the encrypted packet from the source TEP comprises:
receiving the encrypted packet using a virtual network interface card (VNIC), the encrypted data packet comprising a first header and an encrypted payload, the first header comprising a source IP address of the source TEP, a destination IP address of the destination TEP, and the SPI value corresponding to the in-bound security association, the encrypted payload comprising a second header comprising a source IP address of the source endpoint and a destination IP address of the destination endpoint; determining, at the VNIC, that the encrypted packet is an encapsulating security payload (ESP) encrypted packet; determining, at the VNIC, that the encrypted packet is associated with the RSS queue based on the identifier, the identifier being an RSS queue number of the RSS queue; using, at the VNIC, an ESP RSS mode of the VNIC to store the encrypted packet in the RSS queue based on the identifier. 9. A computer system, comprising:
a memory comprising executable instructions; and a processor in data communication with the memory and configured to execute the instructions to cause the computer system to perform a method including:
engaging, at a destination tunnel end point (TEP), in a tunnel creation according to a security protocol with a source TEP for encrypting data packets communicated between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint;
selecting, at the destination TEP, a CPU from a plurality of CPUs of the destination TEP using a CPU selection function, the selected CPU being selected to process packets communicated over the tunnel from the source TEP to the destination TEP;
determining, at the destination TEP, an identifier associated with a receive side scaling (RSS) queue associated with the selected CPU;
generating, at the destination TEP, a security parameter index (SPI) value including the identifier;
indicating, at the destination TEP, the SPI value to the source TEP;
establishing, at the destination TEP, an in-bound security association with the source TEP using the SPI value;
receiving, at the destination TEP, an encrypted packet from the source TEP, wherein:
the encrypted packet is encrypted by the source TEP based on the in-bound security association; and
the encrypted packet includes the SPI value; and
processing, at the destination TEP, the encrypted packet using the selected CPU for, based on the SPI value including the identifier. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the CPU selection function uses a CPU utilization level of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 11. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the CPU selection function uses a security association count of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 12. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the CPU selection function uses a round-robin algorithm. 13. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the identifier is a first number of bits of the SPI value, and wherein remaining bits of the SPI value represent a random value. 14. The computer system of claim 9, wherein generating the SPI value further comprises:
generating a second SPI value; and replacing a number of bits in the second SPI value with bits of the identifier to generate the SPI value. 15. The computer system of claim 9, wherein:
the identifier indicates a RSS queue number of the RSS queue associated with a CPU core ID of the selected CPU; and processing the encrypted packet using the selected CPU comprises:
retrieving the encrypted packet from the RSS queue. 16. The computer system of claim 9, wherein receiving the encrypted packet from the source TEP comprises:
receiving, at the destination TEP, the encrypted packet using a virtual network interface card (VNIC), the encrypted data packet comprising a first header and an encrypted payload, the first header comprising a source IP address of the source TEP, a destination IP address of the destination TEP, and the SPI value corresponding to the in-bound security association, the encrypted payload comprising a second header comprising a source IP address of the source endpoint and a destination IP address of the destination endpoint; determining, at the VNIC of the destination TEP, that the encrypted packet is an encapsulating security payload (ESP) encrypted packet; determining, at the VNIC of the destination TEP, that the encrypted packet is associated with the RSS queue based on the identifier, the identifier being an RSS queue number of the RSS queue; using, at the VNIC, an ESP RSS mode of the VNIC to store the encrypted packet in the RSS queue based on the identifier. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method comprising:
engaging, at a destination tunnel end point (TEP), in a tunnel creation according to a security protocol with a source TEP for encrypting data packets communicated between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint; selecting, at the destination TEP, a CPU from a plurality of CPUs of the destination TEP using a CPU selection function, the selected CPU being selected to process packets communicated over the tunnel from the source TEP to the destination TEP; determining, at the destination TEP, an identifier associated with a receive side scaling (RSS) queue associated with the selected CPU;
generating, at the destination TEP, a security parameter index (SPI) value including the identifier;
indicating, at the destination TEP, the SPI value to the source TEP; establishing, at the destination TEP, an in-bound security association with the source TEP using the SPI value; receiving, at the destination TEP, an encrypted packet from the source TEP, wherein:
the encrypted packet is encrypted by the source TEP based on the in-bound security association; and
the encrypted packet includes the SPI value; and
processing, at the destination TEP, the encrypted packet using the selected CPU for, based on the SPI value including the identifier. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the CPU selection function uses a CPU utilization level of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the CPU selection function uses a security association count of each of the plurality of CPUs as input. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the CPU selection function uses a round-robin algorithm. | 2,600 |
343,186 | 16,802,571 | 2,619 | An avatar facial expression generating system and a method of avatar facial expression generation are provided. In the method, multiple user data are obtained and related to the sensing result of a user from multiple data sources. Multiple first emotion decisions are determined, respectively, based on each user data. Whether an emotion collision occurs among the first emotion decisions is determined. The emotion collision is related that the corresponding emotion groups of the first emotion decisions are not matched with each other. A second emotion decision is determined from one or more emotion groups according to the determining result of the emotion collision. The first or second emotion decision is related to one emotion group. A facial expression of an avatar is generated based on the second emotion decision. Accordingly, a proper facial expression of the avatar could be presented. | 1. A method of avatar facial expression generation, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of user data, wherein each of user data is related to sensing result of a user from one of a plurality of data sources; determining, respectively, a plurality of first emotion decisions based on each of user data, wherein each of the first emotion decisions is related to one of a plurality of emotion groups; determining whether an emotion collision occurs among the plurality of first emotion decisions, wherein the emotion collision is related that corresponding emotion groups of the plurality of first emotion decisions are not matched with each other; determining a second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to a determined result of the emotion collision, wherein the second emotion decision is related to one of the plurality of emotion groups; and generating a facial expression of an avatar based on the second emotion decision. 2. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to the determined result of the emotion collision comprises:
determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring. 3. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring comprises:
using at least one of the first emotion decisions to determine the second emotion decision. 4. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring comprises:
using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision. 5. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 3, wherein the step of using at least one of the first emotion decisions to determine the second emotion decision comprises:
determining a weighted decision combination of at least two of the first emotion decisions; and determining the second emotion decision based on the weighted decision combination. 6. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 4, wherein the step of using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision comprises:
combining at least two of the plurality of user data to generate a user data combination; and performing a linear transformation on the user data combination to extract facial features from the at least two of the plurality of user data. 7. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 4, wherein the step of using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision comprises:
determining the second emotion decision by using a first emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the first emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the at least one of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the first emotion classifier, and the second emotion decision is an output data of the first emotion classifier, and the first emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of first training emotions comprising at least two of the emotion groups. 8. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of respectively determining the plurality of first emotion decisions based on each of user data comprises:
determining, respectively, each of first emotion decisions by using a second emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the second emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups each of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the second emotion classifier, each of first emotion decisions is an output data of the second emotion classifier, and the second emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of second training emotions comprising all of the emotion groups. 9. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein each of the first emotion decisions or the second emotion decision is an emotional weighted combination of a plurality of emotion categories. 10. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining whether the emotion collision occurs among the plurality of first emotion decisions comprises:
determining, respectively, emotional values of the plurality of first emotion decisions; determining a weighted value combination of the emotional values; and comparing the weighted value combination of the emotional values with a reliable threshold, wherein the emotion collision does not occur in response to the weighted value combination being larger than the reliable threshold, and the emotion collision occurs in response to the weighted value combination being not larger than the reliable threshold. 11. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to the determined result of the emotion collision comprises:
determining the second emotion decision from one of the plurality of emotion groups in response to the emotion collision not occurring. 12. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 11, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from one of the plurality of emotion groups comprises:
determining the second emotion decision by using a third emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the third emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the plurality of user data or the plurality of first emotion decisions belong, the at least one of the plurality of user data or at least one of the plurality of first emotion decisions is an input data of the third emotion classifier, the second emotion decision is an output data of the third emotion classifier, and the third emotion classifier is trained according to a third training emotion comprising merely one of the plurality of emotion groups. 13. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources are different in target portions of the user or sensing technologies. 14. An avatar facial expression generating system, comprising:
at least one tracking device, obtaining a plurality of user data, wherein each of user data is related to sensing result of a user from one of a plurality of data sources; a memory, storing a program code; and a processor, coupled to the memory, and loading the program code to perform: determining, respectively, a plurality of first emotion decisions based on each of user data, wherein each of the first emotion decisions is related to one of a plurality of emotion groups; determining whether an emotion collision occurs among the plurality of first emotion decisions, wherein the emotion collision is related that corresponding emotion groups of the plurality of first emotion decisions are not matched with each other; determining a second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to a determined result of the emotion collision, wherein the second emotion decision is related to one of the plurality of emotion groups; and generating a facial expression of an avatar based on the second emotion decision. 15. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 14, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring. 16. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
using at least one of the first emotion decisions to determine the second emotion decision. 17. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision. 18. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 16, wherein the processor further performs:
determining a weighted decision combination of at least two of the first emotion decisions; and determining the second emotion decision based on the weighted decision combination. 19. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 17, wherein the processor further performs:
combining at least two of the plurality of user data to generate a user data combination; and performing a linear transformation on the user data combination to extract facial features from the at least two of the plurality of user data. 20. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 18, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision by using a first emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the first emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the at least one of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the first emotion classifier, and the second emotion decision is an output data of the first emotion classifier, and the first emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of first training emotions comprising at least two of the emotion groups. 21. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
determining, respectively, each of first emotion decisions by using a second emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the second emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups each of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the second emotion classifier, each of first emotion decisions is an output data of the second emotion classifier, and the second emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of second training emotions comprising all of the emotion groups. 22. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein each of the first emotion decisions or the second emotion decision is an emotional weighted combination of a plurality of emotion categories. 23. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
determining, respectively, emotional values of the plurality of first emotion decisions; determining a weighted value combination of the emotional values; and comparing the weighted value combination of the emotional values with a reliable threshold, wherein the emotion collision does not occur in response to the weighted value combination being larger than the reliable threshold, and the emotion collision occurs in response to the weighted value combination being not larger than the reliable threshold. 24. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision from one of the plurality of emotion groups in response to the emotion collision not occurring. 25. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 24, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision by using a third emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the third emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the plurality of user data or the plurality of first emotion decisions belong, the at least one of the plurality of user data or at least one of the plurality of first emotion decisions is an input data of the third emotion classifier, the second emotion decision is an output data of the third emotion classifier, and the third emotion classifier is trained according to a third training emotion comprising merely one of the plurality of emotion groups. 26. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources are different in target portions of the user or sensing technologies. | An avatar facial expression generating system and a method of avatar facial expression generation are provided. In the method, multiple user data are obtained and related to the sensing result of a user from multiple data sources. Multiple first emotion decisions are determined, respectively, based on each user data. Whether an emotion collision occurs among the first emotion decisions is determined. The emotion collision is related that the corresponding emotion groups of the first emotion decisions are not matched with each other. A second emotion decision is determined from one or more emotion groups according to the determining result of the emotion collision. The first or second emotion decision is related to one emotion group. A facial expression of an avatar is generated based on the second emotion decision. Accordingly, a proper facial expression of the avatar could be presented.1. A method of avatar facial expression generation, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of user data, wherein each of user data is related to sensing result of a user from one of a plurality of data sources; determining, respectively, a plurality of first emotion decisions based on each of user data, wherein each of the first emotion decisions is related to one of a plurality of emotion groups; determining whether an emotion collision occurs among the plurality of first emotion decisions, wherein the emotion collision is related that corresponding emotion groups of the plurality of first emotion decisions are not matched with each other; determining a second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to a determined result of the emotion collision, wherein the second emotion decision is related to one of the plurality of emotion groups; and generating a facial expression of an avatar based on the second emotion decision. 2. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to the determined result of the emotion collision comprises:
determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring. 3. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring comprises:
using at least one of the first emotion decisions to determine the second emotion decision. 4. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring comprises:
using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision. 5. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 3, wherein the step of using at least one of the first emotion decisions to determine the second emotion decision comprises:
determining a weighted decision combination of at least two of the first emotion decisions; and determining the second emotion decision based on the weighted decision combination. 6. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 4, wherein the step of using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision comprises:
combining at least two of the plurality of user data to generate a user data combination; and performing a linear transformation on the user data combination to extract facial features from the at least two of the plurality of user data. 7. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 4, wherein the step of using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision comprises:
determining the second emotion decision by using a first emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the first emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the at least one of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the first emotion classifier, and the second emotion decision is an output data of the first emotion classifier, and the first emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of first training emotions comprising at least two of the emotion groups. 8. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of respectively determining the plurality of first emotion decisions based on each of user data comprises:
determining, respectively, each of first emotion decisions by using a second emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the second emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups each of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the second emotion classifier, each of first emotion decisions is an output data of the second emotion classifier, and the second emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of second training emotions comprising all of the emotion groups. 9. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein each of the first emotion decisions or the second emotion decision is an emotional weighted combination of a plurality of emotion categories. 10. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining whether the emotion collision occurs among the plurality of first emotion decisions comprises:
determining, respectively, emotional values of the plurality of first emotion decisions; determining a weighted value combination of the emotional values; and comparing the weighted value combination of the emotional values with a reliable threshold, wherein the emotion collision does not occur in response to the weighted value combination being larger than the reliable threshold, and the emotion collision occurs in response to the weighted value combination being not larger than the reliable threshold. 11. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to the determined result of the emotion collision comprises:
determining the second emotion decision from one of the plurality of emotion groups in response to the emotion collision not occurring. 12. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 11, wherein the step of determining the second emotion decision from one of the plurality of emotion groups comprises:
determining the second emotion decision by using a third emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the third emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the plurality of user data or the plurality of first emotion decisions belong, the at least one of the plurality of user data or at least one of the plurality of first emotion decisions is an input data of the third emotion classifier, the second emotion decision is an output data of the third emotion classifier, and the third emotion classifier is trained according to a third training emotion comprising merely one of the plurality of emotion groups. 13. The method of avatar facial expression generation according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources are different in target portions of the user or sensing technologies. 14. An avatar facial expression generating system, comprising:
at least one tracking device, obtaining a plurality of user data, wherein each of user data is related to sensing result of a user from one of a plurality of data sources; a memory, storing a program code; and a processor, coupled to the memory, and loading the program code to perform: determining, respectively, a plurality of first emotion decisions based on each of user data, wherein each of the first emotion decisions is related to one of a plurality of emotion groups; determining whether an emotion collision occurs among the plurality of first emotion decisions, wherein the emotion collision is related that corresponding emotion groups of the plurality of first emotion decisions are not matched with each other; determining a second emotion decision from at least one of the emotion groups according to a determined result of the emotion collision, wherein the second emotion decision is related to one of the plurality of emotion groups; and generating a facial expression of an avatar based on the second emotion decision. 15. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 14, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision from at least two of the emotion groups in response to the emotion collision occurring. 16. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
using at least one of the first emotion decisions to determine the second emotion decision. 17. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
using at least one of the plurality of user data to determine the second emotion decision. 18. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 16, wherein the processor further performs:
determining a weighted decision combination of at least two of the first emotion decisions; and determining the second emotion decision based on the weighted decision combination. 19. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 17, wherein the processor further performs:
combining at least two of the plurality of user data to generate a user data combination; and performing a linear transformation on the user data combination to extract facial features from the at least two of the plurality of user data. 20. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 18, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision by using a first emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the first emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the at least one of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the first emotion classifier, and the second emotion decision is an output data of the first emotion classifier, and the first emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of first training emotions comprising at least two of the emotion groups. 21. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
determining, respectively, each of first emotion decisions by using a second emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the second emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups each of the plurality of user data belongs, the at least one of the plurality of user data is an input data of the second emotion classifier, each of first emotion decisions is an output data of the second emotion classifier, and the second emotion classifier is trained according to a plurality of second training emotions comprising all of the emotion groups. 22. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein each of the first emotion decisions or the second emotion decision is an emotional weighted combination of a plurality of emotion categories. 23. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
determining, respectively, emotional values of the plurality of first emotion decisions; determining a weighted value combination of the emotional values; and comparing the weighted value combination of the emotional values with a reliable threshold, wherein the emotion collision does not occur in response to the weighted value combination being larger than the reliable threshold, and the emotion collision occurs in response to the weighted value combination being not larger than the reliable threshold. 24. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 15, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision from one of the plurality of emotion groups in response to the emotion collision not occurring. 25. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 24, wherein the processor further performs:
determining the second emotion decision by using a third emotion classifier based on a machine learning technology, wherein the third emotion classifier is used to identify which of the emotion groups the plurality of user data or the plurality of first emotion decisions belong, the at least one of the plurality of user data or at least one of the plurality of first emotion decisions is an input data of the third emotion classifier, the second emotion decision is an output data of the third emotion classifier, and the third emotion classifier is trained according to a third training emotion comprising merely one of the plurality of emotion groups. 26. The avatar facial expression generating system according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources are different in target portions of the user or sensing technologies. | 2,600 |
343,187 | 16,802,590 | 2,619 | In one example, a management node may include a storage device to store network device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter. Example network device information may include at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information. Further, the management node may include a processor operable with the storage device and memory coupled to the processor. In one example, the memory may include a network topology generation unit to determine adjacency between the plurality of network devices in the datacenter using the routing information and/or media access control (MAC) address information associated with the plurality of network devices and generate a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. | 1. A management node comprising:
a storage device to store network device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter, wherein the network device information comprises at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information; a processor operable with the storage device; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises a network topology generation unit to:
determine adjacency between the plurality of network devices in the datacenter using the routing information and/or media access control (MAC) address information associated with the plurality of network devices; and
generate a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. 2. The management node of claim 1, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
determine a first route of a plurality of routes associated with a first network device of the plurality of network devices using the routing information; when the first route is an indirect route, determine adjacency between the first network device and a second network device using the routing information associated with the first network device; and when the first route is a direct route, determine the adjacency between the first network device and a third network device using the MAC address information associated with the first network device. 3. The management node of claim 2, wherein the network topology generation unit is to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices by repeating the steps of claim 2 for each route associated with the first network device and remaining network devices having the routing information. 4. The management node of claim 2, wherein when the first route is the indirect route, the network topology generation unit is to:
retrieve a next hop internet protocol (IP) address in the first route using the routing information; identify a first interface associated with the first network device and a second interface corresponding to the retrieved IP address; and determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device based on the first interface and the second interface. 5. The management node of claim 4, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
when the second interface is a physical port, determine the second network device associated with the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 6. The management node of claim 4, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
when the second interface is a logical port,
determine a physical port associated with the logical port; and
identify the second network device corresponding to the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 7. The management node of claim 4, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
when the second interface is a virtual local area network (VLAN) port, identify the second network device corresponding to the VLAN port as the adjacent device to the first network device. 8. The management node of claim 2, wherein when the first route is the direct route, the network topology generation unit is to:
retrieve a MAC address associated with an egress interface of the first network device using the MAC address information; determine a physical host corresponding to the MAC address; and determine the third network device connected to the physical host as being adjacent to the first network device based on a physical network interface card (NIC) associated with the physical host and an interface associated with the first network device, wherein the physical NIC comprises one of a physical port, logical port, and VLAN port. 9. The management node of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of network devices is a layer 3 device or a layer 2 device. 10. The management node of claim 9, wherein the layer 3 device is a router, brouter, or layer 3 switch, and wherein the layer 2 device is a layer 2 switch, bridge, modem, or network card. 11. The management node of claim 1, wherein the source endpoint and the destination endpoint comprise the physical hosts, virtual machines, and containers. 12. The management node of claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises:
a searchable database to store the configuration information and the operational information associated with the plurality of network devices and the physical hosts. 13. A computer implemented method comprising:
obtaining device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter, wherein the network device information comprises at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information; determining adjacency between a plurality of network devices using the network device information; and generating a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 13, wherein determining the adjacency between the plurality of network devices comprises:
determining a first route of a plurality of routes associated with a first network device of the plurality of network devices using the routing information; when the first route is an indirect route, determining adjacency between the first network device and a second network device using the routing information associated with the first network device; and when the first route is a direct route, determining the adjacency between the first network device and a third network device using the MAC address information associated with the first network device. 15. The computer implemented method of claim 14, wherein determining the adjacency between the plurality of network devices further comprises determining the adjacency between the plurality of network devices by repeating the steps of claim 14 for each route associated with the first network device and remaining network devices having the routing information. 16. The computer implemented method of claim 14, wherein when the first route is the indirect route, determining the adjacency between the first network device and the second network device comprises:
retrieving a next hop internet protocol (IP) address in the first route using the routing information; identifying a first interface associated with the first network device and a second interface corresponding to the retrieved IP address; and determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device based on the first interface and the second interface. 17. The computer implemented method of claim 16, wherein determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprises:
when the second interface is a physical port, determining the second network device associated with the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 18. The computer implemented method of claim 16, wherein determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprises:
when the second interface is a logical port,
determining a physical port associated with the logical port; and
identifying the second network device corresponding to the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 19. The computer implemented method of claim 16, wherein determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprises:
when the second interface is a virtual local area network (VLAN) port, identifying the second network device corresponding to the VLAN port as the adjacent device to the first network device. 20. The computer implemented method of claim 14, wherein when the first route is the direct route, determining the adjacency between the first network device and the third network device comprises:
retrieving a MAC address associated with an egress interface of the first network device using the MAC address information; determining a physical host corresponding to the MAC address; and determining the third network device connected to the physical host as being adjacent to the first network device based on a physical network interface card (NIC) associated with the physical host and an interface associated with the first network device, wherein the physical NIC comprises one of a physical port, logical port, and VLAN port. 21. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
obtain device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter, wherein the network device information comprises at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information; determine adjacency between a plurality of network devices using the network device information; and generate a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein instructions to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices comprise instructions to:
determine a first route of a plurality of routes associated with a first network device of the plurality of network devices using the routing information; when the first route is an indirect route, determine adjacency between the first network device and a second network device using the routing information associated with the first network device; and when the first route is a direct route, determine the adjacency between the first network device and a third network device using the MAC address information associated with the first network device. 23. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein instructions to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices further comprise instructions to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices by repeating the instructions of claim 26 for each route associated with the first network device and remaining network devices having the routing information. 24. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions to determine the adjacency between the first network device and the second network device when the first route is the indirect route comprise instructions to:
retrieve a next hop internet protocol (IP) address in the first route using the routing information; identify a first interface associated with the first network device and a second interface corresponding to the retrieved IP address; and determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device based on the first interface and the second interface. 25. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions to determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprise instructions to:
when the second interface is a physical port, determine the second network device associated with the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 26. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions to determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprise instructions to:
when the second interface is a logical port,
determine a physical port associated with the logical port; and
identify the second network device corresponding to the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 27. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions to determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprise instructions to:
when the second interface is a virtual local area network (VLAN) port, identify the second network device corresponding to the VLAN port as the adjacent device to the first network device. 28. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein instructions to determine the adjacency between the first network device and the third network device when the first route is the direct route comprise instructions to:
retrieve a MAC address associated with an egress interface of the first network device using the MAC address information; determine a physical host corresponding to the MAC address; and determine the third network device connected to the physical host as being adjacent to the first network device based on a physical network interface card (NIC) associated with the physical host and an interface associated with the first network device, wherein the physical NIC comprises one of a physical port, logical port, and VLAN port. | In one example, a management node may include a storage device to store network device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter. Example network device information may include at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information. Further, the management node may include a processor operable with the storage device and memory coupled to the processor. In one example, the memory may include a network topology generation unit to determine adjacency between the plurality of network devices in the datacenter using the routing information and/or media access control (MAC) address information associated with the plurality of network devices and generate a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices.1. A management node comprising:
a storage device to store network device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter, wherein the network device information comprises at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information; a processor operable with the storage device; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises a network topology generation unit to:
determine adjacency between the plurality of network devices in the datacenter using the routing information and/or media access control (MAC) address information associated with the plurality of network devices; and
generate a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. 2. The management node of claim 1, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
determine a first route of a plurality of routes associated with a first network device of the plurality of network devices using the routing information; when the first route is an indirect route, determine adjacency between the first network device and a second network device using the routing information associated with the first network device; and when the first route is a direct route, determine the adjacency between the first network device and a third network device using the MAC address information associated with the first network device. 3. The management node of claim 2, wherein the network topology generation unit is to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices by repeating the steps of claim 2 for each route associated with the first network device and remaining network devices having the routing information. 4. The management node of claim 2, wherein when the first route is the indirect route, the network topology generation unit is to:
retrieve a next hop internet protocol (IP) address in the first route using the routing information; identify a first interface associated with the first network device and a second interface corresponding to the retrieved IP address; and determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device based on the first interface and the second interface. 5. The management node of claim 4, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
when the second interface is a physical port, determine the second network device associated with the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 6. The management node of claim 4, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
when the second interface is a logical port,
determine a physical port associated with the logical port; and
identify the second network device corresponding to the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 7. The management node of claim 4, wherein the network topology generation unit is to:
when the second interface is a virtual local area network (VLAN) port, identify the second network device corresponding to the VLAN port as the adjacent device to the first network device. 8. The management node of claim 2, wherein when the first route is the direct route, the network topology generation unit is to:
retrieve a MAC address associated with an egress interface of the first network device using the MAC address information; determine a physical host corresponding to the MAC address; and determine the third network device connected to the physical host as being adjacent to the first network device based on a physical network interface card (NIC) associated with the physical host and an interface associated with the first network device, wherein the physical NIC comprises one of a physical port, logical port, and VLAN port. 9. The management node of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of network devices is a layer 3 device or a layer 2 device. 10. The management node of claim 9, wherein the layer 3 device is a router, brouter, or layer 3 switch, and wherein the layer 2 device is a layer 2 switch, bridge, modem, or network card. 11. The management node of claim 1, wherein the source endpoint and the destination endpoint comprise the physical hosts, virtual machines, and containers. 12. The management node of claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises:
a searchable database to store the configuration information and the operational information associated with the plurality of network devices and the physical hosts. 13. A computer implemented method comprising:
obtaining device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter, wherein the network device information comprises at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information; determining adjacency between a plurality of network devices using the network device information; and generating a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 13, wherein determining the adjacency between the plurality of network devices comprises:
determining a first route of a plurality of routes associated with a first network device of the plurality of network devices using the routing information; when the first route is an indirect route, determining adjacency between the first network device and a second network device using the routing information associated with the first network device; and when the first route is a direct route, determining the adjacency between the first network device and a third network device using the MAC address information associated with the first network device. 15. The computer implemented method of claim 14, wherein determining the adjacency between the plurality of network devices further comprises determining the adjacency between the plurality of network devices by repeating the steps of claim 14 for each route associated with the first network device and remaining network devices having the routing information. 16. The computer implemented method of claim 14, wherein when the first route is the indirect route, determining the adjacency between the first network device and the second network device comprises:
retrieving a next hop internet protocol (IP) address in the first route using the routing information; identifying a first interface associated with the first network device and a second interface corresponding to the retrieved IP address; and determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device based on the first interface and the second interface. 17. The computer implemented method of claim 16, wherein determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprises:
when the second interface is a physical port, determining the second network device associated with the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 18. The computer implemented method of claim 16, wherein determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprises:
when the second interface is a logical port,
determining a physical port associated with the logical port; and
identifying the second network device corresponding to the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 19. The computer implemented method of claim 16, wherein determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprises:
when the second interface is a virtual local area network (VLAN) port, identifying the second network device corresponding to the VLAN port as the adjacent device to the first network device. 20. The computer implemented method of claim 14, wherein when the first route is the direct route, determining the adjacency between the first network device and the third network device comprises:
retrieving a MAC address associated with an egress interface of the first network device using the MAC address information; determining a physical host corresponding to the MAC address; and determining the third network device connected to the physical host as being adjacent to the first network device based on a physical network interface card (NIC) associated with the physical host and an interface associated with the first network device, wherein the physical NIC comprises one of a physical port, logical port, and VLAN port. 21. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
obtain device information associated with a plurality of network devices and physical hosts in a datacenter, wherein the network device information comprises at least one of routing information and media access control (MAC) address information; determine adjacency between a plurality of network devices using the network device information; and generate a network topology including a network path between a source endpoint and a destination endpoint using the adjacency between the plurality of network devices. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein instructions to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices comprise instructions to:
determine a first route of a plurality of routes associated with a first network device of the plurality of network devices using the routing information; when the first route is an indirect route, determine adjacency between the first network device and a second network device using the routing information associated with the first network device; and when the first route is a direct route, determine the adjacency between the first network device and a third network device using the MAC address information associated with the first network device. 23. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein instructions to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices further comprise instructions to determine the adjacency between the plurality of network devices by repeating the instructions of claim 26 for each route associated with the first network device and remaining network devices having the routing information. 24. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions to determine the adjacency between the first network device and the second network device when the first route is the indirect route comprise instructions to:
retrieve a next hop internet protocol (IP) address in the first route using the routing information; identify a first interface associated with the first network device and a second interface corresponding to the retrieved IP address; and determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device based on the first interface and the second interface. 25. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions to determining the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprise instructions to:
when the second interface is a physical port, determine the second network device associated with the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 26. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions to determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprise instructions to:
when the second interface is a logical port,
determine a physical port associated with the logical port; and
identify the second network device corresponding to the physical port as being adjacent to the first network device. 27. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions to determine the second network device adjacent to the first network device comprise instructions to:
when the second interface is a virtual local area network (VLAN) port, identify the second network device corresponding to the VLAN port as the adjacent device to the first network device. 28. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein instructions to determine the adjacency between the first network device and the third network device when the first route is the direct route comprise instructions to:
retrieve a MAC address associated with an egress interface of the first network device using the MAC address information; determine a physical host corresponding to the MAC address; and determine the third network device connected to the physical host as being adjacent to the first network device based on a physical network interface card (NIC) associated with the physical host and an interface associated with the first network device, wherein the physical NIC comprises one of a physical port, logical port, and VLAN port. | 2,600 |
343,188 | 16,802,582 | 2,619 | A handheld printing apparatus includes a memory and processing circuitry. The memory is configured to store a plurality of pieces of image data. The processing circuitry is configured to print the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order. The processing circuitry is configured to print one piece of image data by one scan and switch a piece of image data to be printed, in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data, each time one scan ends. | 1. A handheld printing apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store a plurality of pieces of image data; and processing circuitry configured to print the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order, the processing circuitry being configured to print one piece of image data by one scan and switch a piece of image data to be printed, in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data, each time one scan ends. 2. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to automatically generate the plurality of pieces of image data, wherein the plurality of pieces of image data represents serial-number information including serial numbers. 3. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of pieces of image data is a text image, wherein the text image represents serial-number information including a serial number. 4. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of pieces of image data is a code pattern in which serial-number information including a serial number is encoded. 5. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to automatically generate serial-number information including serial numbers based on a specified minimum value and a specified maximum value. 6. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the serial numbers based on a specified format. 7. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the serial numbers according to a specified rule. 8. A handheld printing apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store a plurality of pieces of image data; and processing circuitry configured to print the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order, the processing circuitry being configured to print one piece of image data by n times scans, where n is an integer of two or more, and switch a piece of image data to be printed, in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data, each time the n times scans end. 9. A printing system comprising:
the handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1; and an image data providing device configured to provide the plurality of pieces of image data to the handheld printing apparatus, wherein the image data providing device includes processing circuitry configured to: automatically generate the plurality of pieces of image data representing serial-number information, the serial-number information including serial numbers; and transmit the plurality of pieces of image data generated, to the handheld printing apparatus. 10. The printing system according to claim 9,
wherein the processing circuitry of the image data providing device is configured to, when the piece of image data to be printed cannot be printed by one scan, notify the handheld printing apparatus that the piece of image data to be printed cannot be printed by one scan. 11. A method of printing a plurality of pieces of image data using a handheld printing apparatus, the method comprising:
automatically generating the plurality of pieces of image data; storing the plurality of pieces of image data generated by the generating; and printing the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order, wherein the printing includes: printing one piece of image data by one scan; and switching a piece of image data to be printed in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data each time one scan ends. | A handheld printing apparatus includes a memory and processing circuitry. The memory is configured to store a plurality of pieces of image data. The processing circuitry is configured to print the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order. The processing circuitry is configured to print one piece of image data by one scan and switch a piece of image data to be printed, in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data, each time one scan ends.1. A handheld printing apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store a plurality of pieces of image data; and processing circuitry configured to print the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order, the processing circuitry being configured to print one piece of image data by one scan and switch a piece of image data to be printed, in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data, each time one scan ends. 2. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to automatically generate the plurality of pieces of image data, wherein the plurality of pieces of image data represents serial-number information including serial numbers. 3. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of pieces of image data is a text image, wherein the text image represents serial-number information including a serial number. 4. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of pieces of image data is a code pattern in which serial-number information including a serial number is encoded. 5. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to automatically generate serial-number information including serial numbers based on a specified minimum value and a specified maximum value. 6. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the serial numbers based on a specified format. 7. The handheld printing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the serial numbers according to a specified rule. 8. A handheld printing apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store a plurality of pieces of image data; and processing circuitry configured to print the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order, the processing circuitry being configured to print one piece of image data by n times scans, where n is an integer of two or more, and switch a piece of image data to be printed, in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data, each time the n times scans end. 9. A printing system comprising:
the handheld printing apparatus according to claim 1; and an image data providing device configured to provide the plurality of pieces of image data to the handheld printing apparatus, wherein the image data providing device includes processing circuitry configured to: automatically generate the plurality of pieces of image data representing serial-number information, the serial-number information including serial numbers; and transmit the plurality of pieces of image data generated, to the handheld printing apparatus. 10. The printing system according to claim 9,
wherein the processing circuitry of the image data providing device is configured to, when the piece of image data to be printed cannot be printed by one scan, notify the handheld printing apparatus that the piece of image data to be printed cannot be printed by one scan. 11. A method of printing a plurality of pieces of image data using a handheld printing apparatus, the method comprising:
automatically generating the plurality of pieces of image data; storing the plurality of pieces of image data generated by the generating; and printing the plurality of pieces of image data one by one in an order, wherein the printing includes: printing one piece of image data by one scan; and switching a piece of image data to be printed in the order among the plurality of pieces of image data each time one scan ends. | 2,600 |
343,189 | 16,802,577 | 2,619 | In a substrate processing apparatus, a transport robot which transports a substrate between an indexer part and a substrate processing part is installed in a substrate transport part. The transport fan filter unit is provided in an upper part of the substrate transport part. An exhaust port is provided in the substrate transport part. The circulation piping allows the exhaust port of the substrate transport part and the transport fan filter unit to communicate with each other. The exhaust pipe is connected to the circulation piping. The inert gas supply part supplies an inert gas to the circulation piping. The circulation fan filter unit is disposed downstream of a connecting portion of the circulation piping with the exhaust pipe to be parallel to a flow path of the circulation piping. | 1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
an indexer robot which loads a substrate in; an indexer part in which the indexer robot is installed; a substrate processing part which processes the substrate; a transport robot which transports the substrate between the indexer part and the substrate processing part; a substrate transport part in which the transport robot is installed; a transport fan filter unit provided on an upper part of the substrate transport part; an exhaust port provided in the substrate transport part; a circulation piping through which the exhaust port of the substrate transport part communicates with the transport fan filter unit; an exhaust pipe connected to the circulation piping; an inert gas supply part which supplies an inert gas to the circulation piping; and a circulation fan filter unit disposed downstream of a connecting portion of the circulating pipe with the exhaust pipe to be parallel to a flow path of the circulating pipe. 2. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation fan filter unit is disposed to extend in a vertical direction. 3. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a valve which adjusts a flow of a gas passing through the exhaust pipe. 4. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation fan filter unit blows the inert gas, which is supplied from the inert gas supply part, out to the circulation piping. 5. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas supply part has
a first supply part which supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping at a first flow rate, and a second supply part which supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate. 6. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in the case of an oxygen reduction mode, each of the first supply part and the second supply part supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping, and
in the case of a low oxygen maintenance mode, the first supply part supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping. 7. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air supply part which supplies air to the circulation piping. 8. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, in the case of an oxygen increase mode, the air supply part supplies the air to the circulation piping. 9. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the circulation fan filter unit blows the air supplied from the air supply part out to the circulation piping. 10. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of fan filter units are disposed side by side as the circulation fan filter unit. 11. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation fan filter unit includes a fan, a filter, and a chemical filter. 12. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a gas circulation cabinet which accommodates a part of the circulation piping and the circulation fan filter unit. 13. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a processing liquid cabinet which is adjacent to the gas circulation cabinet to supply a processing liquid to the substrate processing part. | In a substrate processing apparatus, a transport robot which transports a substrate between an indexer part and a substrate processing part is installed in a substrate transport part. The transport fan filter unit is provided in an upper part of the substrate transport part. An exhaust port is provided in the substrate transport part. The circulation piping allows the exhaust port of the substrate transport part and the transport fan filter unit to communicate with each other. The exhaust pipe is connected to the circulation piping. The inert gas supply part supplies an inert gas to the circulation piping. The circulation fan filter unit is disposed downstream of a connecting portion of the circulation piping with the exhaust pipe to be parallel to a flow path of the circulation piping.1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
an indexer robot which loads a substrate in; an indexer part in which the indexer robot is installed; a substrate processing part which processes the substrate; a transport robot which transports the substrate between the indexer part and the substrate processing part; a substrate transport part in which the transport robot is installed; a transport fan filter unit provided on an upper part of the substrate transport part; an exhaust port provided in the substrate transport part; a circulation piping through which the exhaust port of the substrate transport part communicates with the transport fan filter unit; an exhaust pipe connected to the circulation piping; an inert gas supply part which supplies an inert gas to the circulation piping; and a circulation fan filter unit disposed downstream of a connecting portion of the circulating pipe with the exhaust pipe to be parallel to a flow path of the circulating pipe. 2. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation fan filter unit is disposed to extend in a vertical direction. 3. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a valve which adjusts a flow of a gas passing through the exhaust pipe. 4. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation fan filter unit blows the inert gas, which is supplied from the inert gas supply part, out to the circulation piping. 5. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas supply part has
a first supply part which supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping at a first flow rate, and a second supply part which supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate. 6. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in the case of an oxygen reduction mode, each of the first supply part and the second supply part supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping, and
in the case of a low oxygen maintenance mode, the first supply part supplies the inert gas to the circulation piping. 7. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air supply part which supplies air to the circulation piping. 8. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, in the case of an oxygen increase mode, the air supply part supplies the air to the circulation piping. 9. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the circulation fan filter unit blows the air supplied from the air supply part out to the circulation piping. 10. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of fan filter units are disposed side by side as the circulation fan filter unit. 11. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulation fan filter unit includes a fan, a filter, and a chemical filter. 12. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a gas circulation cabinet which accommodates a part of the circulation piping and the circulation fan filter unit. 13. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a processing liquid cabinet which is adjacent to the gas circulation cabinet to supply a processing liquid to the substrate processing part. | 2,600 |
343,190 | 16,802,604 | 2,619 | The invention discloses a detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity, which includes a headband. The right end of the headband is fixedly provided with a detector, and the left end surface of the detector is fixed with an eyecup. The headband is worn behind the head. The eyecup is covered around the eyes, a display screen is provided in the headband and on the right side of the eyecup, and a light-passing port is provided between the display screen and the eyecup, and in the light-passing port A light blocking plate is provided, and an opening and closing device is provided on the upper side of the display screen and the light-passing port. The opening and closing device is provided with a lifting plate. The present invention is worn on the head and surrounds the eyes with an eye mask. The VR displays the images detected in the oral cavity. By holding a small camera in the oral cavity, the user can clearly see the situation inside the oral cavity and protect privacy. The device has excellent storage and protection. Automatic storage at the push of a button, extremely easy to use. | 1. A detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity includes a headband, which is characterized in that a detector is fixedly arranged at the right end of the headband;
an eyecup is fixed on the left end surface of the detector. After the headband is worn on the head, the eyecup is placed around the eyes. A display screen is provided in the headband and on the right side of the eyecup. A light passage is provided between the display screen and the eyecup, and a light blocking plate is provided in the light passage; an opening and closing device is provided on the upper side of the display screen and the light-passing port, and a lifting plate is provided in the opening and closing device. The left end of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the right end face of the light blocking plate. Drive the light blocking plate up and down and open and close the light passage; a storage cavity is provided on the right end of the lower end face of the headband, a camera is installed in the storage cavity, a winding device is provided on the upper side of the storage cavity, and a winding rod is provided in the winding device. A transmission line is wound on the rod, the lower end of the transmission line is fixed and electrically connected to the upper end of the camera, the other end is fixed and electrically connected to the right end of the display screen, and the winding rod is dynamically connected to the lifting plate; the transmission line is elongated by manual pulling, and then the winding rod is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting plate and the light blocking plate to rise and open the light passing port, and the camera is manually extended into the cavity for shooting detection. The video data is transmitted to the display screen through the transmission line for display, and then the oral cavity is observed by means of VR. 2. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing device comprises a baffle cavity connected to an upper wall of the light passage opening, and the light blocking plate is slidably arranged up and down. Inside the baffle cavity, a right-hand wall of the baffle cavity is provided with a lifting cavity, the lifting plate is slidably provided in the lifting cavity, and a rotatable between the upper and lower walls of the lifting cavity is provided. A lifting screw screwed to the lifting plate, a bevel gear cavity is provided on the lower side of the lifting cavity, and the lower end of the lifting screw extends into the bevel gear cavity to be fixed with a driven bevel gear. A driving bevel gear which is rotatably provided on the wall is engaged with the driven bevel gear, and the driving bevel gear is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft at its axis. 3. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 1, wherein the winding device comprises a winding cavity provided on an upper side of the storage cavity, and the winding cavity and the storage cavity A communication port is provided between the winding rods, and the winding rod is rotatably connected between the front and rear walls of the winding cavity. One end of the transmission line passes through the opening and is fixedly connected to the camera. One end passes through the left wall of the winding cavity and is fixedly connected to the display screen. The outer surface of the winding rod is symmetrical and fixed with a turntable on the front and back sides of the transmission line. The array has beveled card slots. 4. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 3, wherein a torsion spring is fixedly connected between an end of the turntable far from the center of symmetry and the inner wall of the winding cavity, and the torsion spring can be twisted by The force drives the turntable and the winding rod to turn over and winds and stores the transmission line. 5. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 3, wherein a spur gear cavity located behind the bevel gear cavity is provided on the rear side of the winding cavity, and behind the winding rod, A driving spur gear is fixed to the spur gear cavity at one end, and a driven spur gear is fixed to the left end of the driving spur gear at the rear end of the rotating shaft. 6. A detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 3, wherein a lower pressure chamber is provided on the upper side of the winding cavity, and a lower pressure plate is provided in the lower pressure chamber so as to be able to slide up and down. An opening slot is provided between the lower pressing cavity and the winding cavity. A lower end of the lower pressing plate is fixedly provided with a card plate that passes through the opening slot and extends into the winding cavity. The lower end of the card plate It can be extended into the inclined grooves on the front and back sides to lock and lock the turntable. 7. The detector according to claim 6, wherein a lower pressing spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the lower pressing plate and the upper wall of the lower pressing cavity. 8. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 6, characterized in that a lock lever slide cavity is provided between the left wall of the lower pressure cavity and the right wall of the lifting cavity, and the lock lever slides There are lock levers that can slide left and right in the cavity. The left and right ends of the lock lever are provided with inclined surfaces, the left side is inclined downward, and the right side is inclined upward. A pressing cavity is communicated with the upper wall of the lever sliding cavity, and a pressing plate is slidably arranged in the pressing cavity. The pressing plate penetrates and is fixed in the pressing plate, and the lower end of the pressing rod can extend to the concave A push button is fixed in the groove to push the lock lever to the right, and the upper end of the pressing lever extends to the upper side of the detector. 9. The detector according to claim 8, wherein a tension spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the pressing plate and the upper wall of the pressing cavity. | The invention discloses a detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity, which includes a headband. The right end of the headband is fixedly provided with a detector, and the left end surface of the detector is fixed with an eyecup. The headband is worn behind the head. The eyecup is covered around the eyes, a display screen is provided in the headband and on the right side of the eyecup, and a light-passing port is provided between the display screen and the eyecup, and in the light-passing port A light blocking plate is provided, and an opening and closing device is provided on the upper side of the display screen and the light-passing port. The opening and closing device is provided with a lifting plate. The present invention is worn on the head and surrounds the eyes with an eye mask. The VR displays the images detected in the oral cavity. By holding a small camera in the oral cavity, the user can clearly see the situation inside the oral cavity and protect privacy. The device has excellent storage and protection. Automatic storage at the push of a button, extremely easy to use.1. A detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity includes a headband, which is characterized in that a detector is fixedly arranged at the right end of the headband;
an eyecup is fixed on the left end surface of the detector. After the headband is worn on the head, the eyecup is placed around the eyes. A display screen is provided in the headband and on the right side of the eyecup. A light passage is provided between the display screen and the eyecup, and a light blocking plate is provided in the light passage; an opening and closing device is provided on the upper side of the display screen and the light-passing port, and a lifting plate is provided in the opening and closing device. The left end of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the right end face of the light blocking plate. Drive the light blocking plate up and down and open and close the light passage; a storage cavity is provided on the right end of the lower end face of the headband, a camera is installed in the storage cavity, a winding device is provided on the upper side of the storage cavity, and a winding rod is provided in the winding device. A transmission line is wound on the rod, the lower end of the transmission line is fixed and electrically connected to the upper end of the camera, the other end is fixed and electrically connected to the right end of the display screen, and the winding rod is dynamically connected to the lifting plate; the transmission line is elongated by manual pulling, and then the winding rod is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting plate and the light blocking plate to rise and open the light passing port, and the camera is manually extended into the cavity for shooting detection. The video data is transmitted to the display screen through the transmission line for display, and then the oral cavity is observed by means of VR. 2. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing device comprises a baffle cavity connected to an upper wall of the light passage opening, and the light blocking plate is slidably arranged up and down. Inside the baffle cavity, a right-hand wall of the baffle cavity is provided with a lifting cavity, the lifting plate is slidably provided in the lifting cavity, and a rotatable between the upper and lower walls of the lifting cavity is provided. A lifting screw screwed to the lifting plate, a bevel gear cavity is provided on the lower side of the lifting cavity, and the lower end of the lifting screw extends into the bevel gear cavity to be fixed with a driven bevel gear. A driving bevel gear which is rotatably provided on the wall is engaged with the driven bevel gear, and the driving bevel gear is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft at its axis. 3. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 1, wherein the winding device comprises a winding cavity provided on an upper side of the storage cavity, and the winding cavity and the storage cavity A communication port is provided between the winding rods, and the winding rod is rotatably connected between the front and rear walls of the winding cavity. One end of the transmission line passes through the opening and is fixedly connected to the camera. One end passes through the left wall of the winding cavity and is fixedly connected to the display screen. The outer surface of the winding rod is symmetrical and fixed with a turntable on the front and back sides of the transmission line. The array has beveled card slots. 4. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 3, wherein a torsion spring is fixedly connected between an end of the turntable far from the center of symmetry and the inner wall of the winding cavity, and the torsion spring can be twisted by The force drives the turntable and the winding rod to turn over and winds and stores the transmission line. 5. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 3, wherein a spur gear cavity located behind the bevel gear cavity is provided on the rear side of the winding cavity, and behind the winding rod, A driving spur gear is fixed to the spur gear cavity at one end, and a driven spur gear is fixed to the left end of the driving spur gear at the rear end of the rotating shaft. 6. A detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 3, wherein a lower pressure chamber is provided on the upper side of the winding cavity, and a lower pressure plate is provided in the lower pressure chamber so as to be able to slide up and down. An opening slot is provided between the lower pressing cavity and the winding cavity. A lower end of the lower pressing plate is fixedly provided with a card plate that passes through the opening slot and extends into the winding cavity. The lower end of the card plate It can be extended into the inclined grooves on the front and back sides to lock and lock the turntable. 7. The detector according to claim 6, wherein a lower pressing spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the lower pressing plate and the upper wall of the lower pressing cavity. 8. The detector capable of autonomously detecting the oral cavity according to claim 6, characterized in that a lock lever slide cavity is provided between the left wall of the lower pressure cavity and the right wall of the lifting cavity, and the lock lever slides There are lock levers that can slide left and right in the cavity. The left and right ends of the lock lever are provided with inclined surfaces, the left side is inclined downward, and the right side is inclined upward. A pressing cavity is communicated with the upper wall of the lever sliding cavity, and a pressing plate is slidably arranged in the pressing cavity. The pressing plate penetrates and is fixed in the pressing plate, and the lower end of the pressing rod can extend to the concave A push button is fixed in the groove to push the lock lever to the right, and the upper end of the pressing lever extends to the upper side of the detector. 9. The detector according to claim 8, wherein a tension spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the pressing plate and the upper wall of the pressing cavity. | 2,600 |
343,191 | 16,802,569 | 2,619 | A sound producing device includes at least one air pulse generating element. Each of the at least one air pulse generating element includes a membrane, a first air chamber and at least one opening, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber. The membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. | 1. A sound producing device, comprising:
at least one air pulse generating element, each of the at least one air pulse generating element comprising:
a membrane;
a first air chamber, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber; and
at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is permanently opened;
wherein the membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 2. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net airflow passing through the at least one opening is zero over the pulse cycle. 3. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net displacement of the membrane is zero over the pulse cycle. 4. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net sound pressure level of the air pulse over the pulse cycle is not zero. 5. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, and a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is equal to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device at an end of the pulse cycle. 6. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses are aperiodic over a plurality of pulse cycles. 7. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses generated by each of the at least one air pulse generating element have a pulse rate, and the pulse rate is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 8. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the membrane is actuated to change a chamber volume inside the first air chamber to change the chamber pressure. 9. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one air pulse generating element comprises a plurality of air pulse generating elements, and the air pulse generating elements are driven in a temporally interleaved manner to generate the air pulses. 10. The sound producing device of claim 9, wherein a pulse rate of the air pulses generated by one of the air pulse generating elements is less than an overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements. 11. The sound producing device of claim 10, wherein the overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 12. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses have the same polarity relative to the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 13. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, each of the pulse cycles has a pulse-generating time segment and a pulse-isolating time segment in sequence, the membrane moves from an initial position to a first position in the pulse-generating time segment, and the membrane moves from the first position to a second position in the pulse-isolating time segment. 14. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the second position is the same as the initial position. 15. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, and the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period. 16. The sound producing device of claim 15, wherein the pulse-generating time segment further comprises a maintaining period after the rising period, and the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period. 17. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, and the membrane moves from the first position toward the second position during the falling period. 18. The sound producing device of claim 17, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment further comprises an isolation period after the falling period, and the membrane stays at the second position. 19. The sound producing device of claim 18, wherein in the isolation period, the membrane moves for being close to the second position before the membrane stays at the second position. 20. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a displacement between the first position and the initial position is corresponding to a sampled value of an input signal or corresponding to a difference between two successively sampled values of the input signal. 21. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the initial position in the present pulse cycle. 22. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the second position in the present pulse cycle. 23. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in each of the pulse cycles, the first position is situated at the same side of the initial position. 24. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, during the pulse-generating time segment, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is different from the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 25. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period and a maintaining period in sequence, the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period, the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the rising period is defined as a first pressure value, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the maintaining period is defined as a second pressure value, the first pressure value is different from the second pressure value. 26. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein the second pressure value is between the first pressure value and the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 27. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein a ratio of a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value to the first pressure value is less than 1/10. 28. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a first rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-generating time segment, a second rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-isolating time segment, and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the first rapid pressure change and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the second rapid pressure change are greater than 100 Pa/μs. 29. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, after the second rapid pressure change occurs, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber changes to be close to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 30. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, the first rapid pressure change occurs in the rising period, and the second rapid pressure change occurs in the falling period. | A sound producing device includes at least one air pulse generating element. Each of the at least one air pulse generating element includes a membrane, a first air chamber and at least one opening, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber. The membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device.1. A sound producing device, comprising:
at least one air pulse generating element, each of the at least one air pulse generating element comprising:
a membrane;
a first air chamber, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber; and
at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is permanently opened;
wherein the membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 2. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net airflow passing through the at least one opening is zero over the pulse cycle. 3. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net displacement of the membrane is zero over the pulse cycle. 4. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net sound pressure level of the air pulse over the pulse cycle is not zero. 5. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, and a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is equal to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device at an end of the pulse cycle. 6. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses are aperiodic over a plurality of pulse cycles. 7. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses generated by each of the at least one air pulse generating element have a pulse rate, and the pulse rate is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 8. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the membrane is actuated to change a chamber volume inside the first air chamber to change the chamber pressure. 9. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one air pulse generating element comprises a plurality of air pulse generating elements, and the air pulse generating elements are driven in a temporally interleaved manner to generate the air pulses. 10. The sound producing device of claim 9, wherein a pulse rate of the air pulses generated by one of the air pulse generating elements is less than an overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements. 11. The sound producing device of claim 10, wherein the overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 12. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses have the same polarity relative to the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 13. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, each of the pulse cycles has a pulse-generating time segment and a pulse-isolating time segment in sequence, the membrane moves from an initial position to a first position in the pulse-generating time segment, and the membrane moves from the first position to a second position in the pulse-isolating time segment. 14. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the second position is the same as the initial position. 15. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, and the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period. 16. The sound producing device of claim 15, wherein the pulse-generating time segment further comprises a maintaining period after the rising period, and the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period. 17. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, and the membrane moves from the first position toward the second position during the falling period. 18. The sound producing device of claim 17, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment further comprises an isolation period after the falling period, and the membrane stays at the second position. 19. The sound producing device of claim 18, wherein in the isolation period, the membrane moves for being close to the second position before the membrane stays at the second position. 20. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a displacement between the first position and the initial position is corresponding to a sampled value of an input signal or corresponding to a difference between two successively sampled values of the input signal. 21. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the initial position in the present pulse cycle. 22. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the second position in the present pulse cycle. 23. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in each of the pulse cycles, the first position is situated at the same side of the initial position. 24. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, during the pulse-generating time segment, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is different from the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 25. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period and a maintaining period in sequence, the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period, the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the rising period is defined as a first pressure value, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the maintaining period is defined as a second pressure value, the first pressure value is different from the second pressure value. 26. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein the second pressure value is between the first pressure value and the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 27. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein a ratio of a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value to the first pressure value is less than 1/10. 28. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a first rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-generating time segment, a second rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-isolating time segment, and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the first rapid pressure change and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the second rapid pressure change are greater than 100 Pa/μs. 29. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, after the second rapid pressure change occurs, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber changes to be close to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 30. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, the first rapid pressure change occurs in the rising period, and the second rapid pressure change occurs in the falling period. | 2,600 |
343,192 | 16,642,879 | 2,619 | A sound producing device includes at least one air pulse generating element. Each of the at least one air pulse generating element includes a membrane, a first air chamber and at least one opening, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber. The membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. | 1. A sound producing device, comprising:
at least one air pulse generating element, each of the at least one air pulse generating element comprising:
a membrane;
a first air chamber, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber; and
at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is permanently opened;
wherein the membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 2. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net airflow passing through the at least one opening is zero over the pulse cycle. 3. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net displacement of the membrane is zero over the pulse cycle. 4. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net sound pressure level of the air pulse over the pulse cycle is not zero. 5. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, and a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is equal to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device at an end of the pulse cycle. 6. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses are aperiodic over a plurality of pulse cycles. 7. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses generated by each of the at least one air pulse generating element have a pulse rate, and the pulse rate is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 8. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the membrane is actuated to change a chamber volume inside the first air chamber to change the chamber pressure. 9. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one air pulse generating element comprises a plurality of air pulse generating elements, and the air pulse generating elements are driven in a temporally interleaved manner to generate the air pulses. 10. The sound producing device of claim 9, wherein a pulse rate of the air pulses generated by one of the air pulse generating elements is less than an overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements. 11. The sound producing device of claim 10, wherein the overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 12. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses have the same polarity relative to the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 13. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, each of the pulse cycles has a pulse-generating time segment and a pulse-isolating time segment in sequence, the membrane moves from an initial position to a first position in the pulse-generating time segment, and the membrane moves from the first position to a second position in the pulse-isolating time segment. 14. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the second position is the same as the initial position. 15. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, and the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period. 16. The sound producing device of claim 15, wherein the pulse-generating time segment further comprises a maintaining period after the rising period, and the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period. 17. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, and the membrane moves from the first position toward the second position during the falling period. 18. The sound producing device of claim 17, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment further comprises an isolation period after the falling period, and the membrane stays at the second position. 19. The sound producing device of claim 18, wherein in the isolation period, the membrane moves for being close to the second position before the membrane stays at the second position. 20. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a displacement between the first position and the initial position is corresponding to a sampled value of an input signal or corresponding to a difference between two successively sampled values of the input signal. 21. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the initial position in the present pulse cycle. 22. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the second position in the present pulse cycle. 23. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in each of the pulse cycles, the first position is situated at the same side of the initial position. 24. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, during the pulse-generating time segment, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is different from the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 25. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period and a maintaining period in sequence, the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period, the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the rising period is defined as a first pressure value, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the maintaining period is defined as a second pressure value, the first pressure value is different from the second pressure value. 26. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein the second pressure value is between the first pressure value and the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 27. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein a ratio of a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value to the first pressure value is less than 1/10. 28. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a first rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-generating time segment, a second rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-isolating time segment, and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the first rapid pressure change and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the second rapid pressure change are greater than 100 Pa/μs. 29. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, after the second rapid pressure change occurs, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber changes to be close to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 30. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, the first rapid pressure change occurs in the rising period, and the second rapid pressure change occurs in the falling period. | A sound producing device includes at least one air pulse generating element. Each of the at least one air pulse generating element includes a membrane, a first air chamber and at least one opening, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber. The membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device.1. A sound producing device, comprising:
at least one air pulse generating element, each of the at least one air pulse generating element comprising:
a membrane;
a first air chamber, wherein a chamber pressure exists in the first air chamber; and
at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is permanently opened;
wherein the membrane is actuated to change the chamber pressure of the first air chamber to generate a plurality of air pulses, the air pulses are propagated through the at least one opening, the air pulses produce a non-zero offset in terms of sound pressure level, and the non-zero offset is a deviation from a pressure value of an ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 2. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net airflow passing through the at least one opening is zero over the pulse cycle. 3. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net displacement of the membrane is zero over the pulse cycle. 4. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, a net sound pressure level of the air pulse over the pulse cycle is not zero. 5. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, and a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is equal to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device at an end of the pulse cycle. 6. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses are aperiodic over a plurality of pulse cycles. 7. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses generated by each of the at least one air pulse generating element have a pulse rate, and the pulse rate is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 8. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the membrane is actuated to change a chamber volume inside the first air chamber to change the chamber pressure. 9. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one air pulse generating element comprises a plurality of air pulse generating elements, and the air pulse generating elements are driven in a temporally interleaved manner to generate the air pulses. 10. The sound producing device of claim 9, wherein a pulse rate of the air pulses generated by one of the air pulse generating elements is less than an overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements. 11. The sound producing device of claim 10, wherein the overall pulse rate of the air pulses generated by all of the air pulse generating elements is higher than a maximum human audible frequency. 12. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein the air pulses have the same polarity relative to the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 13. The sound producing device of claim 1, wherein each of the air pulses has a pulse cycle, each of the pulse cycles has a pulse-generating time segment and a pulse-isolating time segment in sequence, the membrane moves from an initial position to a first position in the pulse-generating time segment, and the membrane moves from the first position to a second position in the pulse-isolating time segment. 14. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the second position is the same as the initial position. 15. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, and the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period. 16. The sound producing device of claim 15, wherein the pulse-generating time segment further comprises a maintaining period after the rising period, and the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period. 17. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, and the membrane moves from the first position toward the second position during the falling period. 18. The sound producing device of claim 17, wherein the pulse-isolating time segment further comprises an isolation period after the falling period, and the membrane stays at the second position. 19. The sound producing device of claim 18, wherein in the isolation period, the membrane moves for being close to the second position before the membrane stays at the second position. 20. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a displacement between the first position and the initial position is corresponding to a sampled value of an input signal or corresponding to a difference between two successively sampled values of the input signal. 21. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the initial position in the present pulse cycle. 22. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in a previous pulse cycle and a present pulse cycle among the pulse cycles, the previous pulse cycle and the present pulse cycle are successive and in sequence, and the second position in the previous pulse cycle is the same as the second position in the present pulse cycle. 23. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in each of the pulse cycles, the first position is situated at the same side of the initial position. 24. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, during the pulse-generating time segment, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber is different from the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 25. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period and a maintaining period in sequence, the membrane moves from the initial position to the first position during the rising period, the membrane maintains at the first position during the maintaining period, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the rising period is defined as a first pressure value, a value of the chamber pressure at an end of the maintaining period is defined as a second pressure value, the first pressure value is different from the second pressure value. 26. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein the second pressure value is between the first pressure value and the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 27. The sound producing device of claim 25, wherein a ratio of a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value to the first pressure value is less than 1/10. 28. The sound producing device of claim 13, wherein a first rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-generating time segment, a second rapid pressure change occurs in the first air chamber in a beginning of the pulse-isolating time segment, and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the first rapid pressure change and an absolute value of an instantaneous changing rate of the second rapid pressure change are greater than 100 Pa/μs. 29. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, after the second rapid pressure change occurs, a value of the chamber pressure of the first air chamber changes to be close to the pressure value of the ambient pressure outside the sound producing device. 30. The sound producing device of claim 28, wherein in one of the pulse cycles, the pulse-generating time segment comprises a rising period, the pulse-isolating time segment comprises a falling period, the first rapid pressure change occurs in the rising period, and the second rapid pressure change occurs in the falling period. | 2,600 |
343,193 | 16,802,600 | 2,619 | An image processing apparatus includes circuitry configured to: set a luminance adjustment mode to one of a first luminance adjustment mode that performs luminance adjustment with preset sensitivity and a second luminance adjustment mode that has sensitivity of the luminance adjustment lower than the sensitivity of the first luminance adjustment mode and suppresses luminance of a high luminance region based on an observation state of an imager configured to capture a target; and perform the luminance adjustment in the set luminance adjustment mode. | 1. An image processing apparatus comprising
circuitry configured to: set a luminance adjustment mode to one of a first luminance adjustment mode that performs luminance adjustment with preset sensitivity and a second luminance adjustment mode that has sensitivity of the luminance adjustment lower than the sensitivity of the first luminance adjustment mode and suppresses luminance of a high luminance region based on an observation state of an imager configured to capture a target; and perform the luminance adjustment in the set luminance adjustment mode. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to generate an image subjected to the luminance adjustment. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
detect presence or absence of a change in an imaging field of view by the imager; and switch the luminance adjustment mode to one of the first luminance adjustment mode and the second luminance adjustment mode based on a detection result. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the second luminance adjustment mode, the circuitry is configured to measure an image captured by the imager to calculate luminance for each preset pixel region, and compare the calculated luminance with a preset threshold value for extraction to extract the high luminance region. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the second luminance adjustment mode, the imaging unit is configured to:
measure the image captured by the imager to calculate luminance for each preset pixel region, compare the calculated luminance with a preset first threshold value to temporarily extract the high luminance region, set a second threshold value depending on a size of a temporarily extracted pixel region, and compare the calculated luminance with the second threshold value to extract the high luminance region. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second threshold value decreases as the size of the temporarily extracted pixel region increases. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein in the extraction of the high luminance region, a size of the pixel region in the image captured by the imager is partially different. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imager is included in a microscope and is configured to capture a magnified image of the observation target. 9. A medical observation system comprising:
an imager configured to capture a target; and circuitry configured to
set a luminance adjustment mode to one of a first luminance adjustment mode that performs luminance adjustment with preset sensitivity and a second luminance adjustment mode that has sensitivity of the luminance adjustment lower than the sensitivity of the first luminance adjustment mode and suppresses luminance of a high luminance region based on an observation state of the imager, and
perform the luminance adjustment in the set luminance adjustment mode. | An image processing apparatus includes circuitry configured to: set a luminance adjustment mode to one of a first luminance adjustment mode that performs luminance adjustment with preset sensitivity and a second luminance adjustment mode that has sensitivity of the luminance adjustment lower than the sensitivity of the first luminance adjustment mode and suppresses luminance of a high luminance region based on an observation state of an imager configured to capture a target; and perform the luminance adjustment in the set luminance adjustment mode.1. An image processing apparatus comprising
circuitry configured to: set a luminance adjustment mode to one of a first luminance adjustment mode that performs luminance adjustment with preset sensitivity and a second luminance adjustment mode that has sensitivity of the luminance adjustment lower than the sensitivity of the first luminance adjustment mode and suppresses luminance of a high luminance region based on an observation state of an imager configured to capture a target; and perform the luminance adjustment in the set luminance adjustment mode. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to generate an image subjected to the luminance adjustment. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
detect presence or absence of a change in an imaging field of view by the imager; and switch the luminance adjustment mode to one of the first luminance adjustment mode and the second luminance adjustment mode based on a detection result. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the second luminance adjustment mode, the circuitry is configured to measure an image captured by the imager to calculate luminance for each preset pixel region, and compare the calculated luminance with a preset threshold value for extraction to extract the high luminance region. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the second luminance adjustment mode, the imaging unit is configured to:
measure the image captured by the imager to calculate luminance for each preset pixel region, compare the calculated luminance with a preset first threshold value to temporarily extract the high luminance region, set a second threshold value depending on a size of a temporarily extracted pixel region, and compare the calculated luminance with the second threshold value to extract the high luminance region. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second threshold value decreases as the size of the temporarily extracted pixel region increases. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein in the extraction of the high luminance region, a size of the pixel region in the image captured by the imager is partially different. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imager is included in a microscope and is configured to capture a magnified image of the observation target. 9. A medical observation system comprising:
an imager configured to capture a target; and circuitry configured to
set a luminance adjustment mode to one of a first luminance adjustment mode that performs luminance adjustment with preset sensitivity and a second luminance adjustment mode that has sensitivity of the luminance adjustment lower than the sensitivity of the first luminance adjustment mode and suppresses luminance of a high luminance region based on an observation state of the imager, and
perform the luminance adjustment in the set luminance adjustment mode. | 2,600 |
343,194 | 16,802,607 | 2,619 | The present disclosure relates to a complex having a core-shell structure, a composition and a textile comprising the same, and a method for treating thrombosis, cancer, or wounds using the same. The complex having the core-shell structure comprises a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. | 1. A complex having a core-shell structure, comprising:
a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. 2. The complex of claim 1, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from athe group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 3. The complex of claim 1, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 4. The complex of claim 1, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 5. The complex of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the shell layer to the core ranges from 1500:500 to 100:4. 6. A method for treating thrombosis, comprising: administrating to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a complex having a core-shell structure, wherein the complex comprises:
a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 10. A method for treating cancer, comprising: administrating to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a complex having a core-shell structure, wherein the complex comprises:
a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the cancer is lung cancer. 15. A composition, comprising:
a complex having a core-shell structure, comprising:
a core made of polypyrrole; and
a shell layer covering a surface of the core; and
a polymer. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 17. The composition of claim 15, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 19. The composition of claim 15, wherein the polymer is a thermally sensitive hydrogel. 20. The composition of claim 15, wherein the polymer is a binder. 21. A textile, comprising:
a fiber; and a complex having a core-shell structure and attached to the fiber, comprising:
a core made of polypyrrole; and
a shell layer covering a surface of the core. 22. The textile of claim 21, wherein the fiber is a polyethylene (PE) fiber. 23. The textile of claim 21, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 24. The textile of claim 21, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 25. The textile of claim 21, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 26. The textile of claim 21, wherein a weight ratio of the core to the shell layer ranges from 1500:500 to 100:4. | The present disclosure relates to a complex having a core-shell structure, a composition and a textile comprising the same, and a method for treating thrombosis, cancer, or wounds using the same. The complex having the core-shell structure comprises a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole.1. A complex having a core-shell structure, comprising:
a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. 2. The complex of claim 1, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from athe group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 3. The complex of claim 1, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 4. The complex of claim 1, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 5. The complex of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the shell layer to the core ranges from 1500:500 to 100:4. 6. A method for treating thrombosis, comprising: administrating to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a complex having a core-shell structure, wherein the complex comprises:
a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 10. A method for treating cancer, comprising: administrating to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a complex having a core-shell structure, wherein the complex comprises:
a core; and a shell layer covering a surface of the core; wherein the core is made of polypyrrole. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the cancer is lung cancer. 15. A composition, comprising:
a complex having a core-shell structure, comprising:
a core made of polypyrrole; and
a shell layer covering a surface of the core; and
a polymer. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 17. The composition of claim 15, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 19. The composition of claim 15, wherein the polymer is a thermally sensitive hydrogel. 20. The composition of claim 15, wherein the polymer is a binder. 21. A textile, comprising:
a fiber; and a complex having a core-shell structure and attached to the fiber, comprising:
a core made of polypyrrole; and
a shell layer covering a surface of the core. 22. The textile of claim 21, wherein the fiber is a polyethylene (PE) fiber. 23. The textile of claim 21, wherein the shell layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), heparin, fucoidan, hyaluronic acid, glyco chitosan, and a combination thereof. 24. The textile of claim 21, wherein the shell layer is made of polyethylenimine. 25. The textile of claim 21, wherein the complex has a size ranging from 10 nm to 1500 nm. 26. The textile of claim 21, wherein a weight ratio of the core to the shell layer ranges from 1500:500 to 100:4. | 2,600 |
343,195 | 16,802,612 | 2,619 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, and a nonvolatile memory cell disposed on the semiconductor substrate. The nonvolatile memory cell includes a field-effect transistor for data writing, and a field-effect transistor for data readout that is adjacent to the field-effect transistor for data writing. Each of the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout includes a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, a floating gate formed on the gate insulating film, and diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. The thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout, and the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing, are different. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate, and a nonvolatile memory cell disposed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein: the nonvolatile memory cell comprises a field-effect transistor for data writing, and a field-effect transistor for data readout that is adjacent to the field-effect transistor for data writing, each of the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout includes a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, a floating gate formed on the gate insulating film, and diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, and a thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout, and a thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing, are different. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout is smaller than the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the gate insulating film comprises an oxide film or an oxynitride film. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing is from 4 nm to 10 nm, and the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout is from 2 nm to 4 nm. 5. A method of producing a semiconductor device provided with a nonvolatile memory cell comprising a field-effect transistor for data writing and a field-effect transistor for data readout that is adjacent to the field-effect transistor for data writing, the method comprising:
forming a first insulating film for configuring a part, in a thickness direction, of a gate insulating film of one of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing, in a region of a semiconductor substrate in which the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout are to be formed; removing a part of the first insulating film corresponding to a region in which the other one of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing is to be formed; forming a second insulating film configuring the gate insulating film together with the first insulating film in the one of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing, and also configuring a gate insulating film in the other of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing, in the region in which the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout are to be formed; forming a floating gate on each of the gate insulating film for the field-effect transistor for data writing and the gate insulating film for the field-effect transistor for data readout; and forming diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate of the field-effect transistor for data writing, and diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate of the field-effect transistor for data readout, viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. 6. The method of producing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein, in removing the part of the first insulating film, the region from which the first insulating film is removed is a region in which the field-effect transistor for data readout is to be formed. 7. The method of producing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the first insulating film formed in the forming the first insulating film is larger than the thickness of the second insulating film formed in the forming the second insulating film. 8. The method of producing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein each of the first insulating film and the second insulating film is an oxide film or an oxynitride film. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, and a nonvolatile memory cell disposed on the semiconductor substrate. The nonvolatile memory cell includes a field-effect transistor for data writing, and a field-effect transistor for data readout that is adjacent to the field-effect transistor for data writing. Each of the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout includes a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, a floating gate formed on the gate insulating film, and diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. The thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout, and the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing, are different.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate, and a nonvolatile memory cell disposed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein: the nonvolatile memory cell comprises a field-effect transistor for data writing, and a field-effect transistor for data readout that is adjacent to the field-effect transistor for data writing, each of the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout includes a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, a floating gate formed on the gate insulating film, and diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, and a thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout, and a thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing, are different. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout is smaller than the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the gate insulating film comprises an oxide film or an oxynitride film. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data writing is from 4 nm to 10 nm, and the thickness of the gate insulating film of the field-effect transistor for data readout is from 2 nm to 4 nm. 5. A method of producing a semiconductor device provided with a nonvolatile memory cell comprising a field-effect transistor for data writing and a field-effect transistor for data readout that is adjacent to the field-effect transistor for data writing, the method comprising:
forming a first insulating film for configuring a part, in a thickness direction, of a gate insulating film of one of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing, in a region of a semiconductor substrate in which the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout are to be formed; removing a part of the first insulating film corresponding to a region in which the other one of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing is to be formed; forming a second insulating film configuring the gate insulating film together with the first insulating film in the one of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing, and also configuring a gate insulating film in the other of the field-effect transistor for data readout or the field-effect transistor for data writing, in the region in which the field-effect transistor for data writing and the field-effect transistor for data readout are to be formed; forming a floating gate on each of the gate insulating film for the field-effect transistor for data writing and the gate insulating film for the field-effect transistor for data readout; and forming diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate of the field-effect transistor for data writing, and diffusion layers configuring a source region and a drain region on respective sides of the floating gate of the field-effect transistor for data readout, viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. 6. The method of producing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein, in removing the part of the first insulating film, the region from which the first insulating film is removed is a region in which the field-effect transistor for data readout is to be formed. 7. The method of producing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the first insulating film formed in the forming the first insulating film is larger than the thickness of the second insulating film formed in the forming the second insulating film. 8. The method of producing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein each of the first insulating film and the second insulating film is an oxide film or an oxynitride film. | 2,600 |
343,196 | 16,802,629 | 2,148 | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating, by at least one processor, plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting, by at least one processor, a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting, by at least one processor, an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the roof truss. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a roof truss. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a roof truss interfacing surface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the roof truss. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, the alignment of the roof trusses and the wall panels, wherein the roof trusses and the wall panels are substantially aligned. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the alteration is limited to a set of preselected members. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the roof truss. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a roof truss. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a roof truss interfacing surface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the roof truss. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, further comprising, identifying the alignment of the roof trusses and the wall panels, wherein the roof trusses and the wall panels are substantially aligned. 16. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the alteration is limited to a set of preselected members. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the roof truss. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a roof truss. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a roof truss interfacing surface. | The present invention is a method for accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; selecting, by at least one processor, a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating, by at least one processor, plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting, by at least one processor, a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting, by at least one processor, an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating, by at least one processor, a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing, by at least one processor, the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying, by at least one processor, each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the roof truss. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a roof truss. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a roof truss interfacing surface. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the roof truss. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, further comprising, identifying, by at least one processor, the alignment of the roof trusses and the wall panels, wherein the roof trusses and the wall panels are substantially aligned. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the alteration is limited to a set of preselected members. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the roof truss. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a roof truss. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a roof truss interfacing surface. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the bearing area is calculated based on a quantity of fasteners used to secure the wall panel to the roof truss. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying at least one solution to the delta, and wherein the at least one solution identifies all additional alterations which are generated by the solution to the model. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, further comprising, identifying the alignment of the roof trusses and the wall panels, wherein the roof trusses and the wall panels are substantially aligned. 16. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the alteration is limited to a set of preselected members. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising: a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising: accessing a model of a building; selecting a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of a first set of members; isolating plurality of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of a second set of members; selecting a group of interfacing members between a roof truss and a wall panel; detecting an interface type between the roof truss and the wall panel, wherein each interface has a predetermined set of requirements; calculating a set of actual values associated with the interface type; comparing the set of actual values with a set of required values and determining the delta of the actual values and the required values; and identifying each interface where the delta is outside a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a bearing area, of the wall panel and the roof truss. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is the position of a wall panel interfacing surface relative to a roof truss. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface type is a gap between a wall panel interfacing surface and a roof truss interfacing surface. | 2,100 |
343,197 | 16,802,610 | 2,148 | A compact wideband RF antenna for incorporating into a planar substrate, such as a PCB, having at least one cavity with a radiating slot, and at least one transmission line resonator disposed within a cavity and coupled thereto. Additional embodiments provide stacked slot-coupled cavities and multiple coupled transmission-line resonators placed within a cavity. Applications to ultra-wideband systems and to millimeter-wave systems, as well as to dual and circular polarization antennas are disclosed. Further applications include configurations for an antenna based on a monopole element and having a radiation pattern that is approximately isotropic. | 1. A radio-frequency (RF) antenna for a planar substrate, the antenna comprising:
a plurality of electrically-conductive layers within the planar substrate; a lower cavity within the planar substrate, the lower cavity bounded by a bottom ground plane, by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers, and by a middle ground plane; an upper cavity recess within the planar substrate, the upper cavity recess bounded by the middle ground plane and by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers;
wherein the middle ground plane has a slot which electromagnetically couples the lower cavity to the upper cavity recess;
a monopole element electrically-connected at a lower end to the lower ground plane and extending into the upper cavity recess;
wherein the monopole element is electrically-connected to a conducting strip within the lower cavity to form a lower resonator; and
wherein the monopole element is electrically-connected at an upper end to a conducting pad within the upper cavity recess to form an upper resonator for radiating and receiving RF signals; and
an input coupling in the lower cavity, for electromagnetically coupling the lower resonator to RF circuitry. 2. The RF antenna of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric material within the planar substrate, and wherein at least one cavity contains a portion of the dielectric material. 3. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting strip of the lower resonator is connected to the monopole element to form a quarter-wave element shorted to ground. 4. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting strip of the lower resonator is connected to the monopole element to form a half-wave floating element. 5. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting pad is configured to be symmetric with respect to the monopole element. 6. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting pad is configured to be asymmetric with respect to the monopole element. 7. An array comprising a plurality of RF antenna elements according to claim 6,
wherein a first antenna of the plurality is configured to transmit an RF signal; wherein a second antenna of the plurality is configured to receive a reflection of the RF signal; and wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are configured as mirror images of one another. 8. A radio-frequency (RF) antenna for a planar substrate, the antenna comprising:
a dielectric material within the planar substrate; a plurality of electrically-conductive layers within the planar substrate; a recess in an upper surface of the planar substrate; a cavity within the planar substrate below the recess, the cavity containing a portion of the dielectric material and bounded by portions of the electrically-conductive layers and by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers; an antenna feed, for electromagnetically coupling the antenna to RF circuitry; a first resonator for radiating and receiving RF signals for electromagnetically coupling the antenna to an external RF field, the resonator including a monopole element in the cavity; and a second resonator including a horizontal transmission line in the cavity; wherein:
the monopole element is electrically-connected at a lower end to a ground plane of the cavity and extending into the recess;
the monopole element is electrically-connected at an upper end to a conducting pad within the recess;
at least one of the horizontal transmission line resonators is electromagnetically coupled to the antenna feed; and
at least one of the transmission line resonators is electromagnetically coupled to the monopole element. 9. A radio-frequency (RF) antenna for a planar substrate of claim 8, the antenna further comprising:
at least one additional cavity within the planar substrate, each additional cavity containing a portion of the dielectric material and bounded horizontally at the top and at the bottom by respective portions of two different electrically-conductive layers, and bounded vertically at all sides by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers; at least one transmission line resonator disposed within at least one other additional cavity; wherein:
the cavities are vertically stacked within the planar substrate;
each cavity is vertically adjacent to another cavity of the at least two cavities;
each cavity shares a common electrically-conductive layer with an adjacent cavity;
each common electrically-conductive layer has disposed therein a slot which electromagnetically couples a cavity to the adjacent cavity thereof; and
at least one transmission line resonator is situated in an additional cavity. 10. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the wherein the conducting pad is configured to be symmetric with respect to the monopole element. 11. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the wherein the conducting pad is configured to be asymmetric with respect to the monopole element. 12. The RF antenna of claim 11, wherein the wherein the conducting pad is configured to extend sideways with respect to the monopole element. 13. The RF antenna of claim 9, wherein the slot between adjacent cavities is selected from a group consisting of:
a linear slot; a curved slot; an I-shaped slot; and a bow tie-shaped slot. 14. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein a transmission line resonator is selected from a group consisting of:
a short-open uniform resonator; a short-open stepped impedance resonator; a short-open tapered impedance resonator; an open-open uniform resonator; an open-open stepped impedance resonator; and an open-open tapered impedance resonator. 15. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the antenna feed electromagnetically couples the antenna to the RF circuitry by a connection selected from a group consisting of:
a galvanic connection; and a capacitive coupling. 16. The RF antenna of claim 9, wherein the antenna feed electromagnetically couples the antenna to the RF circuitry by a connection selected from a group consisting of:
a galvanic connection; and a capacitive coupling. 17. An array comprising a plurality of RF antenna elements according to claim 12,
wherein a first antenna of the plurality is configured to transmit an RF signal; wherein a second antenna of the plurality is configured to receive an RF signal; and wherein the conducting pad of first antenna and the conducting pad of second antenna are configured to extend in opposite directions. 18. A radar device comprising an antenna array of claim 17, and having a transmitted RF signal and a received RF signal, wherein the received RF signal is a reflection of the transmitted RF signal. 19. An array comprising a plurality of RF antenna elements according to claim 8, wherein multiple monopole elements are disposed within a common recess. 20. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the planar substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB), and wherein the electrically-conductive layers are metallization layers. 21. The RF antenna of claim 20, wherein metallization layers are interconnected by a plurality of vias in the PCB. 22. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the planar substrate is within an integrated circuit (IC). | A compact wideband RF antenna for incorporating into a planar substrate, such as a PCB, having at least one cavity with a radiating slot, and at least one transmission line resonator disposed within a cavity and coupled thereto. Additional embodiments provide stacked slot-coupled cavities and multiple coupled transmission-line resonators placed within a cavity. Applications to ultra-wideband systems and to millimeter-wave systems, as well as to dual and circular polarization antennas are disclosed. Further applications include configurations for an antenna based on a monopole element and having a radiation pattern that is approximately isotropic.1. A radio-frequency (RF) antenna for a planar substrate, the antenna comprising:
a plurality of electrically-conductive layers within the planar substrate; a lower cavity within the planar substrate, the lower cavity bounded by a bottom ground plane, by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers, and by a middle ground plane; an upper cavity recess within the planar substrate, the upper cavity recess bounded by the middle ground plane and by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers;
wherein the middle ground plane has a slot which electromagnetically couples the lower cavity to the upper cavity recess;
a monopole element electrically-connected at a lower end to the lower ground plane and extending into the upper cavity recess;
wherein the monopole element is electrically-connected to a conducting strip within the lower cavity to form a lower resonator; and
wherein the monopole element is electrically-connected at an upper end to a conducting pad within the upper cavity recess to form an upper resonator for radiating and receiving RF signals; and
an input coupling in the lower cavity, for electromagnetically coupling the lower resonator to RF circuitry. 2. The RF antenna of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric material within the planar substrate, and wherein at least one cavity contains a portion of the dielectric material. 3. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting strip of the lower resonator is connected to the monopole element to form a quarter-wave element shorted to ground. 4. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting strip of the lower resonator is connected to the monopole element to form a half-wave floating element. 5. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting pad is configured to be symmetric with respect to the monopole element. 6. The RF antenna of claim 1, wherein the conducting pad is configured to be asymmetric with respect to the monopole element. 7. An array comprising a plurality of RF antenna elements according to claim 6,
wherein a first antenna of the plurality is configured to transmit an RF signal; wherein a second antenna of the plurality is configured to receive a reflection of the RF signal; and wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are configured as mirror images of one another. 8. A radio-frequency (RF) antenna for a planar substrate, the antenna comprising:
a dielectric material within the planar substrate; a plurality of electrically-conductive layers within the planar substrate; a recess in an upper surface of the planar substrate; a cavity within the planar substrate below the recess, the cavity containing a portion of the dielectric material and bounded by portions of the electrically-conductive layers and by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers; an antenna feed, for electromagnetically coupling the antenna to RF circuitry; a first resonator for radiating and receiving RF signals for electromagnetically coupling the antenna to an external RF field, the resonator including a monopole element in the cavity; and a second resonator including a horizontal transmission line in the cavity; wherein:
the monopole element is electrically-connected at a lower end to a ground plane of the cavity and extending into the recess;
the monopole element is electrically-connected at an upper end to a conducting pad within the recess;
at least one of the horizontal transmission line resonators is electromagnetically coupled to the antenna feed; and
at least one of the transmission line resonators is electromagnetically coupled to the monopole element. 9. A radio-frequency (RF) antenna for a planar substrate of claim 8, the antenna further comprising:
at least one additional cavity within the planar substrate, each additional cavity containing a portion of the dielectric material and bounded horizontally at the top and at the bottom by respective portions of two different electrically-conductive layers, and bounded vertically at all sides by vertical sidewalls formed of electrically-interconnected portions of the electrically-conductive layers; at least one transmission line resonator disposed within at least one other additional cavity; wherein:
the cavities are vertically stacked within the planar substrate;
each cavity is vertically adjacent to another cavity of the at least two cavities;
each cavity shares a common electrically-conductive layer with an adjacent cavity;
each common electrically-conductive layer has disposed therein a slot which electromagnetically couples a cavity to the adjacent cavity thereof; and
at least one transmission line resonator is situated in an additional cavity. 10. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the wherein the conducting pad is configured to be symmetric with respect to the monopole element. 11. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the wherein the conducting pad is configured to be asymmetric with respect to the monopole element. 12. The RF antenna of claim 11, wherein the wherein the conducting pad is configured to extend sideways with respect to the monopole element. 13. The RF antenna of claim 9, wherein the slot between adjacent cavities is selected from a group consisting of:
a linear slot; a curved slot; an I-shaped slot; and a bow tie-shaped slot. 14. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein a transmission line resonator is selected from a group consisting of:
a short-open uniform resonator; a short-open stepped impedance resonator; a short-open tapered impedance resonator; an open-open uniform resonator; an open-open stepped impedance resonator; and an open-open tapered impedance resonator. 15. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the antenna feed electromagnetically couples the antenna to the RF circuitry by a connection selected from a group consisting of:
a galvanic connection; and a capacitive coupling. 16. The RF antenna of claim 9, wherein the antenna feed electromagnetically couples the antenna to the RF circuitry by a connection selected from a group consisting of:
a galvanic connection; and a capacitive coupling. 17. An array comprising a plurality of RF antenna elements according to claim 12,
wherein a first antenna of the plurality is configured to transmit an RF signal; wherein a second antenna of the plurality is configured to receive an RF signal; and wherein the conducting pad of first antenna and the conducting pad of second antenna are configured to extend in opposite directions. 18. A radar device comprising an antenna array of claim 17, and having a transmitted RF signal and a received RF signal, wherein the received RF signal is a reflection of the transmitted RF signal. 19. An array comprising a plurality of RF antenna elements according to claim 8, wherein multiple monopole elements are disposed within a common recess. 20. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the planar substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB), and wherein the electrically-conductive layers are metallization layers. 21. The RF antenna of claim 20, wherein metallization layers are interconnected by a plurality of vias in the PCB. 22. The RF antenna of claim 8, wherein the planar substrate is within an integrated circuit (IC). | 2,100 |
343,198 | 16,802,606 | 2,148 | An object of the invention is to provide a user with information that serves as a material for determining whether an image generated by processing including a neural network is valid. A reception signal output by an ultrasonic probe that has received an ultrasonic wave from a subject is received, and an ultrasonic image is generated based on the reception signal. A trained neural network receives the reception signal or the ultrasonic image, and outputs an estimated reception signal or an estimated ultrasonic image. A validity information generation unit generates information indicating validity of the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image by using one or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and output of an intermediate layer of the neural network. | 1. An ultrasonic imaging device, comprising:
an image generation unit configured to receive a reception signal output by an ultrasonic probe that has received an ultrasonic wave from a subject, and generate an ultrasonic image based on the reception signal; a trained neural network configured to receive the reception signal or the ultrasonic image generated by the image generation unit, and output an estimated reception signal or an estimated ultrasonic image; and a validity information generation unit configured to generate information indicating validity of the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image by using one or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and output of an intermediate layer of the neural network. 2. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to perform a calculation of comparing two or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and the output of the intermediate layer of the neural network to generate the information indicating the validity based on the calculation result. 3. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the reception signal or the ultrasonic image input to the neural network and the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image output from the neural network, and generate the information indicating the validity based on the difference. 4. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 3,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a value indicating the validity corresponding to the obtained difference with reference to a predetermined relationship between a difference and a value indicating validity. 5. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 4,
wherein the predetermined relationship between the difference and the value indicating the validity is set such that when the difference is within a predetermined range, the corresponding value indicating the validity is higher than in other ranges, and wherein the predetermined range is a range of a value distribution of differences between a plurality of pieces of training input data used during training of the neural network and a plurality of pieces of output data output respectively when the plurality of pieces of training input data used during training of the neural network is input to the trained neural network. 6. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the neural network is configured to receive the ultrasonic image generated by the image generation unit and output the estimated ultrasonic image, and wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the ultrasonic image input to the neural network and the estimated ultrasonic image output from the neural network, and calculate the information indicating the validity based on the difference. 7. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the neural network is configured to receive the reception signal and output the estimated ultrasonic image, and wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the ultrasonic image generated by the image generation unit from the reception signal and the estimated ultrasonic image output from the neural network, and calculate the information indicating the validity based on the difference. 8. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the neural network is configured to receive the reception signal and output the estimated reception signal, wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the reception signal input to the neural network and the estimated reception signal output from the neural network, and calculate the information indicating the validity based on the difference, and wherein the image generation unit is configured to generate the ultrasonic image based on the estimated reception signal. 9. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to extract a feature value from one of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and the output of the intermediate layer of the neural network, and obtain a value indicating validity corresponding to the extracted feature value based on a predetermined relationship between the feature value and the value indicating the validity. 10. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the trained neural network has trained using training data, and for the training data, an ultrasonic image is used as input data, and an ultrasonic image in which a density of at least one of a transmission scanning line and a reception scanning line is higher than that of the input data is used as training reference data. 11. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the trained neural network has trained using training data, and for the training data, a reception signal that is output by the ultrasonic probe when a transmission signal of an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the subject and the ultrasonic probe receives an ultrasonic wave from the subject, is used as input data, and the reception signal output by the ultrasonic probe when a frequency of the transmission signal transmitted to the subject is higher than that of the input data is used as training reference data. 12. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the trained neural network has trained using training data, and for the training data, an ultrasonic image or a reception signal generated from a reception signal that is output by the ultrasonic probe when a transmission signal of an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the subject and the ultrasonic probe receives an ultrasonic wave from the subject is used as input data, and the ultrasonic image generated from the reception signal output by the ultrasonic probe when a frequency of the transmission signal transmitted to the subject is higher than that of the input data is used as training reference data. 13. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the reception signal is obtained such that an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the subject, and an ultrasonic wave reflected by the subject which is received by the ultrasonic probe, and wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional validity information in which a value indicating the validity is given for each image element arranged two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, and change a size of the image element according to a wavelength of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe or received by the ultrasonic probe. 14. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a console configured for an operator to input information; and an image processing unit configured to generate an image in which the information indicating the validity is reflected on an ultrasonic image generated from the estimated ultrasonic image or the estimated reception signal generated by the neural network, wherein the image processing unit is configured to change a method of reflection in a process of reflecting the information indicating the validity on the ultrasonic image generated from the estimated ultrasonic image or the estimated reception signal according to information input to the console. 15. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image processing unit configured to warn a user when the validity indicated by the information indicating the validity is lower than a predetermined condition. 16. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image processing unit, wherein the trained neural network includes a plurality of neural networks, and each of the neural networks generates the estimated reception signal or the estimated image, wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to generate the information indicating the validity for each of a plurality of the estimated images generated by the plurality of neural networks, and wherein the image processing unit is configured to select or generate more valid information from a plurality of pieces of the information indicating the validity. 17. An image processing device, comprising:
a trained neural network configured to receive a reception signal of an ultrasonic wave or an ultrasonic image, and output an estimated reception signal or an estimated ultrasonic image; and a validity information generation unit configured to generate information indicating validity of the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image by using one or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and output of an intermediate layer of the neural network. | An object of the invention is to provide a user with information that serves as a material for determining whether an image generated by processing including a neural network is valid. A reception signal output by an ultrasonic probe that has received an ultrasonic wave from a subject is received, and an ultrasonic image is generated based on the reception signal. A trained neural network receives the reception signal or the ultrasonic image, and outputs an estimated reception signal or an estimated ultrasonic image. A validity information generation unit generates information indicating validity of the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image by using one or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and output of an intermediate layer of the neural network.1. An ultrasonic imaging device, comprising:
an image generation unit configured to receive a reception signal output by an ultrasonic probe that has received an ultrasonic wave from a subject, and generate an ultrasonic image based on the reception signal; a trained neural network configured to receive the reception signal or the ultrasonic image generated by the image generation unit, and output an estimated reception signal or an estimated ultrasonic image; and a validity information generation unit configured to generate information indicating validity of the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image by using one or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and output of an intermediate layer of the neural network. 2. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to perform a calculation of comparing two or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and the output of the intermediate layer of the neural network to generate the information indicating the validity based on the calculation result. 3. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the reception signal or the ultrasonic image input to the neural network and the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image output from the neural network, and generate the information indicating the validity based on the difference. 4. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 3,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a value indicating the validity corresponding to the obtained difference with reference to a predetermined relationship between a difference and a value indicating validity. 5. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 4,
wherein the predetermined relationship between the difference and the value indicating the validity is set such that when the difference is within a predetermined range, the corresponding value indicating the validity is higher than in other ranges, and wherein the predetermined range is a range of a value distribution of differences between a plurality of pieces of training input data used during training of the neural network and a plurality of pieces of output data output respectively when the plurality of pieces of training input data used during training of the neural network is input to the trained neural network. 6. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the neural network is configured to receive the ultrasonic image generated by the image generation unit and output the estimated ultrasonic image, and wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the ultrasonic image input to the neural network and the estimated ultrasonic image output from the neural network, and calculate the information indicating the validity based on the difference. 7. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the neural network is configured to receive the reception signal and output the estimated ultrasonic image, and wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the ultrasonic image generated by the image generation unit from the reception signal and the estimated ultrasonic image output from the neural network, and calculate the information indicating the validity based on the difference. 8. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the neural network is configured to receive the reception signal and output the estimated reception signal, wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to obtain a difference between the reception signal input to the neural network and the estimated reception signal output from the neural network, and calculate the information indicating the validity based on the difference, and wherein the image generation unit is configured to generate the ultrasonic image based on the estimated reception signal. 9. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to extract a feature value from one of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and the output of the intermediate layer of the neural network, and obtain a value indicating validity corresponding to the extracted feature value based on a predetermined relationship between the feature value and the value indicating the validity. 10. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the trained neural network has trained using training data, and for the training data, an ultrasonic image is used as input data, and an ultrasonic image in which a density of at least one of a transmission scanning line and a reception scanning line is higher than that of the input data is used as training reference data. 11. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the trained neural network has trained using training data, and for the training data, a reception signal that is output by the ultrasonic probe when a transmission signal of an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the subject and the ultrasonic probe receives an ultrasonic wave from the subject, is used as input data, and the reception signal output by the ultrasonic probe when a frequency of the transmission signal transmitted to the subject is higher than that of the input data is used as training reference data. 12. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the trained neural network has trained using training data, and for the training data, an ultrasonic image or a reception signal generated from a reception signal that is output by the ultrasonic probe when a transmission signal of an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the subject and the ultrasonic probe receives an ultrasonic wave from the subject is used as input data, and the ultrasonic image generated from the reception signal output by the ultrasonic probe when a frequency of the transmission signal transmitted to the subject is higher than that of the input data is used as training reference data. 13. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the reception signal is obtained such that an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the subject, and an ultrasonic wave reflected by the subject which is received by the ultrasonic probe, and wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional validity information in which a value indicating the validity is given for each image element arranged two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, and change a size of the image element according to a wavelength of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe or received by the ultrasonic probe. 14. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a console configured for an operator to input information; and an image processing unit configured to generate an image in which the information indicating the validity is reflected on an ultrasonic image generated from the estimated ultrasonic image or the estimated reception signal generated by the neural network, wherein the image processing unit is configured to change a method of reflection in a process of reflecting the information indicating the validity on the ultrasonic image generated from the estimated ultrasonic image or the estimated reception signal according to information input to the console. 15. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image processing unit configured to warn a user when the validity indicated by the information indicating the validity is lower than a predetermined condition. 16. The ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image processing unit, wherein the trained neural network includes a plurality of neural networks, and each of the neural networks generates the estimated reception signal or the estimated image, wherein the validity information generation unit is configured to generate the information indicating the validity for each of a plurality of the estimated images generated by the plurality of neural networks, and wherein the image processing unit is configured to select or generate more valid information from a plurality of pieces of the information indicating the validity. 17. An image processing device, comprising:
a trained neural network configured to receive a reception signal of an ultrasonic wave or an ultrasonic image, and output an estimated reception signal or an estimated ultrasonic image; and a validity information generation unit configured to generate information indicating validity of the estimated reception signal or the estimated ultrasonic image by using one or more of the reception signal, the ultrasonic image, the estimated reception signal, the estimated ultrasonic image, and output of an intermediate layer of the neural network. | 2,100 |
343,199 | 16,802,584 | 2,148 | An assembly includes a main support having integrated therein first and second fastening devices, an intermediate support and a scale, as well as third and fourth fastening devices. The scale has a measuring graduation disposed in a measuring graduation plane and adapted for position measurement in a longitudinal direction. The first fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at a first position such that it is longitudinally fixed, and the second fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at a second position such that it is freely movable in the longitudinal direction. The third fastening device is designed to hold the scale on the intermediate support at the first position such that it is longitudinally fixed, and the fourth fastening device is designed to hold the scale at a third position such that it is freely movable in the longitudinal direction. | 1. An assembly, comprising:
a main support having integrated therein a first fastening device and a second fastening device, the first fastening device and the second fastening device being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction; a third fastening device and a fourth fastening device, the third fastening device and the fourth fastening device being spaced apart in the longitudinal direction; an intermediate support disposed on the main support; and a scale disposed on the intermediate support and extending in the longitudinal direction, the scale having a measuring graduation disposed in a measuring graduation plane and adapted for position measurement at least in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at a first position in such way that the intermediate support is fixed in the longitudinal direction, and the second fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at a second position different from the first position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely movable relative to the main support in the longitudinal direction, and wherein the third fastening device is designed to hold the scale on the intermediate support at the first position in such a way that the scale is fixed in the longitudinal direction, and the fourth fastening device is designed to hold the scale at a third position different from the first position and the second position in such a way that the scale is freely movable relative to the intermediate support in the longitudinal direction. 2. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at the first position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely rotatable relative to the main support about an axis of rotation associated with the first position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane, and wherein the second fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at the second position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely rotatable relative to the main support about an axis of rotation associated with the second position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane. 3. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device and the second fastening device are designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at the first position and the second position, respectively, in such a way that the intermediate support is fixed in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 4. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the third fastening device is designed to hold the scale at the first position in such a way that the scale is freely rotatable relative to the intermediate support about an axis of rotation associated with the first position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane, and wherein the fourth fastening device is designed to hold the scale at the third position in such a way that the scale is freely rotatable relative to the intermediate support about an axis of rotation associated with the third position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane. 5. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the third fastening device and the fourth fastening device are designed to hold the scale on the intermediate support at the first position and the third position, respectively, in such a way that the scale is fixed in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 6. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the main support has further integrated therein a plurality of additional fastening devices which are distributed in the longitudinal direction between the first fastening device and the second fastening device and are each designed to hold the intermediate support at a respective one of a plurality of additional positions different from the first position and the second position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely movable relative to the main support in the longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. 7. The assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein the additional fastening devices are designed to hold the intermediate support at the respective additional positions in such a way that the intermediate support is freely rotatable relative to the main support about respective axes of rotation associated with the respective additional positions and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane. 8. The assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein the additional fastening devices are designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at the respective additional positions in such a way that the intermediate support is fixed in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 9. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device and the second fastening device are disposed at opposite ends of the main support. 10. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the scale has a rectangular cross section with two opposite faces, each of the opposite faces extending transversely to the longitudinal direction, and wherein the third fastening device and the fourth fastening device are disposed on the intermediate support and configured to contact the scale at the opposite faces. 11. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device, the second fastening device, the third fastening device and/or the fourth fastening devices each include a flexure bearing. 12. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device and/or the second fastening device each include at least two flat springs, each of the flat springs extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 13. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the main support and the intermediate support have the same thermal expansion coefficient. 14. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the intermediate support and the scale have different thermal expansion coefficients. 15. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the scale is composed of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 1.5×10−6K−1 in a temperature range from 0° to 50° C. 16. The assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein the scale is composed of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 0.1×10−6K−1 in a temperature range from 0° to 50° C. | An assembly includes a main support having integrated therein first and second fastening devices, an intermediate support and a scale, as well as third and fourth fastening devices. The scale has a measuring graduation disposed in a measuring graduation plane and adapted for position measurement in a longitudinal direction. The first fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at a first position such that it is longitudinally fixed, and the second fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at a second position such that it is freely movable in the longitudinal direction. The third fastening device is designed to hold the scale on the intermediate support at the first position such that it is longitudinally fixed, and the fourth fastening device is designed to hold the scale at a third position such that it is freely movable in the longitudinal direction.1. An assembly, comprising:
a main support having integrated therein a first fastening device and a second fastening device, the first fastening device and the second fastening device being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction; a third fastening device and a fourth fastening device, the third fastening device and the fourth fastening device being spaced apart in the longitudinal direction; an intermediate support disposed on the main support; and a scale disposed on the intermediate support and extending in the longitudinal direction, the scale having a measuring graduation disposed in a measuring graduation plane and adapted for position measurement at least in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at a first position in such way that the intermediate support is fixed in the longitudinal direction, and the second fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at a second position different from the first position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely movable relative to the main support in the longitudinal direction, and wherein the third fastening device is designed to hold the scale on the intermediate support at the first position in such a way that the scale is fixed in the longitudinal direction, and the fourth fastening device is designed to hold the scale at a third position different from the first position and the second position in such a way that the scale is freely movable relative to the intermediate support in the longitudinal direction. 2. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at the first position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely rotatable relative to the main support about an axis of rotation associated with the first position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane, and wherein the second fastening device is designed to hold the intermediate support at the second position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely rotatable relative to the main support about an axis of rotation associated with the second position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane. 3. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device and the second fastening device are designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at the first position and the second position, respectively, in such a way that the intermediate support is fixed in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 4. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the third fastening device is designed to hold the scale at the first position in such a way that the scale is freely rotatable relative to the intermediate support about an axis of rotation associated with the first position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane, and wherein the fourth fastening device is designed to hold the scale at the third position in such a way that the scale is freely rotatable relative to the intermediate support about an axis of rotation associated with the third position and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane. 5. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the third fastening device and the fourth fastening device are designed to hold the scale on the intermediate support at the first position and the third position, respectively, in such a way that the scale is fixed in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 6. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the main support has further integrated therein a plurality of additional fastening devices which are distributed in the longitudinal direction between the first fastening device and the second fastening device and are each designed to hold the intermediate support at a respective one of a plurality of additional positions different from the first position and the second position in such a way that the intermediate support is freely movable relative to the main support in the longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. 7. The assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein the additional fastening devices are designed to hold the intermediate support at the respective additional positions in such a way that the intermediate support is freely rotatable relative to the main support about respective axes of rotation associated with the respective additional positions and extending perpendicularly to the measuring graduation plane. 8. The assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein the additional fastening devices are designed to hold the intermediate support on the main support at the respective additional positions in such a way that the intermediate support is fixed in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 9. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device and the second fastening device are disposed at opposite ends of the main support. 10. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the scale has a rectangular cross section with two opposite faces, each of the opposite faces extending transversely to the longitudinal direction, and wherein the third fastening device and the fourth fastening device are disposed on the intermediate support and configured to contact the scale at the opposite faces. 11. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device, the second fastening device, the third fastening device and/or the fourth fastening devices each include a flexure bearing. 12. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the first fastening device and/or the second fastening device each include at least two flat springs, each of the flat springs extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to the measuring graduation plane. 13. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the main support and the intermediate support have the same thermal expansion coefficient. 14. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the intermediate support and the scale have different thermal expansion coefficients. 15. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the scale is composed of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 1.5×10−6K−1 in a temperature range from 0° to 50° C. 16. The assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein the scale is composed of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 0.1×10−6K−1 in a temperature range from 0° to 50° C. | 2,100 |
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