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344,200 | 16,803,669 | 3,747 | An unpriced order auction and related market center and process are disclosed which allow posting market centers (e.g., exchanges) to schedule an auction that includes unpriced (Market) orders only. Such unpriced order auction executes at the midpoint of the NBBO, ensuring that the cross reflects the best prices in the entire marketplace, while discouraging the manipulation of the auction price on the posting market center. The disclosed auction also executes concurrently, but separately from the regular continuous matching process. | 1. A method of processing order data to improve order throughput, the method comprising:
providing a posting market center comprising a computing system having at least one non-transitory memory storing executable program code and at least one processor executing the program code stored in the memory; receiving, by an order and execution interface of the posting market center, a plurality of electronic orders specifying a quantity of shares of an issue to be traded, the plurality of electronic orders comprising one or more limit orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares at a specified price and one or more unpriced market orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares; automatically directing the one or more limit orders to a continuous matching engine of the posting market center for immediate execution at the specified limit price, the continuous matching engine configured to execute a continuous matching process for the one or more limit orders that are marketable against a public order book; automatically directing the one or more unpriced market orders to an unpriced order auction engine of the posting market center for later execution at a scheduled auction time at which an auction will commence for the issue; continuously updating and disseminating in real-time until the scheduled auction time, an auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the auction order imbalance parameter comprises the difference between an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy shares and an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to sell shares at the scheduled auction time; responsive to the disseminated auction order imbalance parameter, receiving from one or more market participant computers one or more of the following responses: one or more new unpriced market orders, one or more cancellations of previously received unpriced market orders, and one or more instructions requesting modifications to previously received unpriced market orders; updating the auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more responses; executing, by the unpriced order auction engine, one or more scheduled auction steps at the scheduled auction time, the one or more scheduled auction steps comprising executing trades on a first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders; automatically routing a second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to the continuous matching engine; and executing, by the continuous matching engine, the continuous matching process on the second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the scheduled auction executes concurrently and separately from the continuous matching process without interruption of the continuous matching process at the scheduled auction time. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more scheduled auction steps further comprise:
determining a maximum matchable quantity comprising a lesser of an aggregate buy volume and an aggregate sell volume; determining an auction imbalance quantity comprising a difference between the maximum matchable quantity and a greater of the aggregate buy volume and the aggregate sell volume; matching the first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders up to the determined maximum matchable quantity; retrieving a national best bid and offer quote, external to the posting market center, to establish best prices in the marketplace; determining a single auction price by computing the midpoint of the retrieved national best bid and offer quote; and executing trades between the matched first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy and sell shares at the determined single auction price. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
at the scheduled auction time, determining whether the national best bid and offer quote is crossed; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is crossed, discarding the crossed national best bid and offer quote and evaluating the next national best bid and quote. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
at the scheduled auction time, determining whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, setting the single auction price as the lock price of the national best bid and offer quote. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
at the scheduled auction time, determining whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, discarding the locked national best bid and offer quote and evaluating the next national best bid and quote. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the received one or more unpriced market orders in an unpriced auction order book that is separate from the public order book. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and whether the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and that the market makers publish quotes in the issue, excluding the quotes published by the market makers form the scheduled auction. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and whether the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and that the market makers publish quotes in the issue, making unpriced orders that do not execute in the scheduled auction eligible for execution against contraside market maker quotes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduled auction time occurs after an opening of trading on a primary listing market center of the issue and before a close of trading on the primary listing market center of the issue. 10. A system of processing order data to improve order throughput, the system comprising:
at least one interface of a posting market center for receiving order data; at least one non-transitory memory for storing program code for analyzing and processing the received order data comprising orders in the posting market center; at least one computer processor for interacting with the at least one interface and executing the program code for the processing of the order data causing the system to:
receive, by the at least one interface, a plurality of electronic orders specifying a quantity of shares of an issue to be traded, the plurality of electronic orders comprising one or more limit orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares at a specified price and one or more unpriced market orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares,
automatically direct the one or more limit orders to a continuous matching engine of the posting market center for immediate execution at the specified limit price, the continuous matching engine configured to execute a continuous matching process for the one or more limit orders that are marketable against a public order book,
automatically direct the one or more unpriced market orders to an unpriced order auction engine of the posting market center for later execution at a scheduled auction time at which an auction will commence for the issue,
continuously update and disseminate in real-time until the scheduled auction time, an auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the auction order imbalance parameter comprises the difference between an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy shares and an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to sell shares at the scheduled auction time;
responsive to the disseminated auction order imbalance parameter, receive from one or more market participant computers one or more of the following responses: one or more new unpriced market orders, one or more cancellations of previously received unpriced market orders, and one or more instructions requesting modifications to previously received unpriced market orders;
update the auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more responses;
execute, by the unpriced order auction engine, one or more scheduled auction steps at the scheduled auction time, the one or more scheduled auction steps comprising executing trades on a first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders;
automatically route a second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to the continuous matching engine; and
execute, by the continuous matching engine, the continuous matching process on the second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the scheduled auction executes concurrently and separately from the continuous matching process without interruption of the continuous matching process at the scheduled auction time. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the computing system is one or more programmed computers. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the computing system is distributed over several physical locations. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more scheduled auction steps comprise executing the program code to further cause the system to:
determine a maximum matchable quantity comprising the lesser of an aggregate buy volume and an aggregate sell volume; determine an auction imbalance quantity comprising the difference between the maximum matchable quantity and the greater of the aggregate buy volume and the aggregate sell volume; match the first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders up to the determined maximum matchable quantity; retrieve a national best bid and offer quote, external to the posting market center, to establish best prices in the marketplace; determine a single auction price by computing the midpoint of the retrieved national best bid and offer quote; and execute trades between the matched first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy and sell shares at the determined single auction price. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
at the scheduled auction time, determine whether the national best bid and offer quote is crossed; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is crossed, discard the crossed national best bid and offer quote and evaluating the next national best bid and quote. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
at the scheduled auction time, determine whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, set the single auction price as the lock price of the national best bid and offer quote. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
at the scheduled auction time, determine whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, discard the locked national best bid and offer quote and evaluate the next national best bid and quote. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
store the received one or more unpriced market orders in an unpriced auction order book that is separate from the public order book. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
determine whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue, exclude the quotes published by the market makers form the scheduled auction. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
determine whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue, make unpriced orders that do not execute in the scheduled auction eligible for execution against contraside market maker quotes. 20. The system of claim 10, wherein the scheduled auction time is after an opening of trading on a primary listing market center of the issue and before a close of trading on the primary listing market center of the issue. | An unpriced order auction and related market center and process are disclosed which allow posting market centers (e.g., exchanges) to schedule an auction that includes unpriced (Market) orders only. Such unpriced order auction executes at the midpoint of the NBBO, ensuring that the cross reflects the best prices in the entire marketplace, while discouraging the manipulation of the auction price on the posting market center. The disclosed auction also executes concurrently, but separately from the regular continuous matching process.1. A method of processing order data to improve order throughput, the method comprising:
providing a posting market center comprising a computing system having at least one non-transitory memory storing executable program code and at least one processor executing the program code stored in the memory; receiving, by an order and execution interface of the posting market center, a plurality of electronic orders specifying a quantity of shares of an issue to be traded, the plurality of electronic orders comprising one or more limit orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares at a specified price and one or more unpriced market orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares; automatically directing the one or more limit orders to a continuous matching engine of the posting market center for immediate execution at the specified limit price, the continuous matching engine configured to execute a continuous matching process for the one or more limit orders that are marketable against a public order book; automatically directing the one or more unpriced market orders to an unpriced order auction engine of the posting market center for later execution at a scheduled auction time at which an auction will commence for the issue; continuously updating and disseminating in real-time until the scheduled auction time, an auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the auction order imbalance parameter comprises the difference between an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy shares and an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to sell shares at the scheduled auction time; responsive to the disseminated auction order imbalance parameter, receiving from one or more market participant computers one or more of the following responses: one or more new unpriced market orders, one or more cancellations of previously received unpriced market orders, and one or more instructions requesting modifications to previously received unpriced market orders; updating the auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more responses; executing, by the unpriced order auction engine, one or more scheduled auction steps at the scheduled auction time, the one or more scheduled auction steps comprising executing trades on a first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders; automatically routing a second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to the continuous matching engine; and executing, by the continuous matching engine, the continuous matching process on the second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the scheduled auction executes concurrently and separately from the continuous matching process without interruption of the continuous matching process at the scheduled auction time. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more scheduled auction steps further comprise:
determining a maximum matchable quantity comprising a lesser of an aggregate buy volume and an aggregate sell volume; determining an auction imbalance quantity comprising a difference between the maximum matchable quantity and a greater of the aggregate buy volume and the aggregate sell volume; matching the first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders up to the determined maximum matchable quantity; retrieving a national best bid and offer quote, external to the posting market center, to establish best prices in the marketplace; determining a single auction price by computing the midpoint of the retrieved national best bid and offer quote; and executing trades between the matched first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy and sell shares at the determined single auction price. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
at the scheduled auction time, determining whether the national best bid and offer quote is crossed; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is crossed, discarding the crossed national best bid and offer quote and evaluating the next national best bid and quote. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
at the scheduled auction time, determining whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, setting the single auction price as the lock price of the national best bid and offer quote. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
at the scheduled auction time, determining whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, discarding the locked national best bid and offer quote and evaluating the next national best bid and quote. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the received one or more unpriced market orders in an unpriced auction order book that is separate from the public order book. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and whether the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and that the market makers publish quotes in the issue, excluding the quotes published by the market makers form the scheduled auction. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and whether the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and that the market makers publish quotes in the issue, making unpriced orders that do not execute in the scheduled auction eligible for execution against contraside market maker quotes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduled auction time occurs after an opening of trading on a primary listing market center of the issue and before a close of trading on the primary listing market center of the issue. 10. A system of processing order data to improve order throughput, the system comprising:
at least one interface of a posting market center for receiving order data; at least one non-transitory memory for storing program code for analyzing and processing the received order data comprising orders in the posting market center; at least one computer processor for interacting with the at least one interface and executing the program code for the processing of the order data causing the system to:
receive, by the at least one interface, a plurality of electronic orders specifying a quantity of shares of an issue to be traded, the plurality of electronic orders comprising one or more limit orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares at a specified price and one or more unpriced market orders to buy or sell the quantity of shares,
automatically direct the one or more limit orders to a continuous matching engine of the posting market center for immediate execution at the specified limit price, the continuous matching engine configured to execute a continuous matching process for the one or more limit orders that are marketable against a public order book,
automatically direct the one or more unpriced market orders to an unpriced order auction engine of the posting market center for later execution at a scheduled auction time at which an auction will commence for the issue,
continuously update and disseminate in real-time until the scheduled auction time, an auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the auction order imbalance parameter comprises the difference between an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy shares and an aggregate volume of the one or more unpriced market orders to sell shares at the scheduled auction time;
responsive to the disseminated auction order imbalance parameter, receive from one or more market participant computers one or more of the following responses: one or more new unpriced market orders, one or more cancellations of previously received unpriced market orders, and one or more instructions requesting modifications to previously received unpriced market orders;
update the auction order imbalance parameter based on the received one or more responses;
execute, by the unpriced order auction engine, one or more scheduled auction steps at the scheduled auction time, the one or more scheduled auction steps comprising executing trades on a first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders;
automatically route a second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to the continuous matching engine; and
execute, by the continuous matching engine, the continuous matching process on the second portion of the one or more unpriced market orders, wherein the scheduled auction executes concurrently and separately from the continuous matching process without interruption of the continuous matching process at the scheduled auction time. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the computing system is one or more programmed computers. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the computing system is distributed over several physical locations. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more scheduled auction steps comprise executing the program code to further cause the system to:
determine a maximum matchable quantity comprising the lesser of an aggregate buy volume and an aggregate sell volume; determine an auction imbalance quantity comprising the difference between the maximum matchable quantity and the greater of the aggregate buy volume and the aggregate sell volume; match the first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders up to the determined maximum matchable quantity; retrieve a national best bid and offer quote, external to the posting market center, to establish best prices in the marketplace; determine a single auction price by computing the midpoint of the retrieved national best bid and offer quote; and execute trades between the matched first portion of the one or more unpriced market orders to buy and sell shares at the determined single auction price. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
at the scheduled auction time, determine whether the national best bid and offer quote is crossed; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is crossed, discard the crossed national best bid and offer quote and evaluating the next national best bid and quote. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
at the scheduled auction time, determine whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, set the single auction price as the lock price of the national best bid and offer quote. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
at the scheduled auction time, determine whether the national best bid and offer quote is locked; and responsive to the determining that the national best bid and offer quote is locked, discard the locked national best bid and offer quote and evaluate the next national best bid and quote. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
store the received one or more unpriced market orders in an unpriced auction order book that is separate from the public order book. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
determine whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue, exclude the quotes published by the market makers form the scheduled auction. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor executes program code to further cause the system to:
determine whether the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue; and responsive to the determining that the posting market center has market makers assigned to the issue in the auction and the market makers publish quotes in the issue, make unpriced orders that do not execute in the scheduled auction eligible for execution against contraside market maker quotes. 20. The system of claim 10, wherein the scheduled auction time is after an opening of trading on a primary listing market center of the issue and before a close of trading on the primary listing market center of the issue. | 3,700 |
344,201 | 16,803,664 | 3,747 | A method for planning an arthroplasty procedure on a patient bone. The method may include accessing generic bone data stored in a memory of a computer, using the computer to generate modified bone data by modifying the generic bone data according to medical imaging data of the patient bone, using the computer to derive a location of non-bone tissue data relative to the modified bone data, and superimposing implant data and the modified bone data in defining a resection of an arthroplasty target region of the patient bone. | 1. A method for planning an arthroplasty procedure on a patient bone, the method comprising:
accessing generic bone data stored in a memory of a computer; using the computer to generate modified bone data by modifying the generic bone data according to medical imaging data of the patient bone; using the computer to derive a location of non-bone tissue data relative to the modified bone data; and superimposing implant data and the modified bone data in defining a resection of an arthroplasty target region of the patient bone. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-bone tissue data includes a contour of the non-bone tissue data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-bone tissue data pertains to cartilage. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-bone tissue data comprises modified non-bone tissue data that is computer generated by accessing generic non-bone tissue data stored in the memory and using the computer to modify the generic non-bone tissue data according to the medical imaging data of the patient bone. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modified non-bone tissue data includes a contour of the non-bone tissue data. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modified non-bone tissue data pertains to cartilage. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contour of the non-bone tissue data is used in registering the resection with the patient bone. 8. A surgical method according to claim 7 and further comprising resecting the resection into the patient bone. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the contour of the non-bone tissue data is used in defining a registration surface of an arthroplasty jig, the registration surface registering the arthroplasty jig with the patient bone when the arthroplasty jig is used to guide the resection in the arthroplasty target region of the patient bone. 10. A manufacturing method according to claim 9 and further comprising manufacturing the arthroplasty jig to comprise the registration surface and a resection guide capable of guiding the resection when the registration surface interdigitates with the patient bone. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the modified bone data to candidate implant models stored in the memory of the computer. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising recommending an implant model based on the comparison of the modified bone data to the candidate implant models. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting the defined resection to a surgeon for review. 14. A method for planning an arthroplasty procedure on a joint region of a patient bone, the method comprising:
constructing a virtual bone model of the joint region of the patient bone, the virtual bone model comprising a contour of soft tissue and a bone surface; determining a location and configuration of the soft tissue relative to the bone surface of the virtual bone model; identifying a registration surface including at least part of the location and configuration of the soft tissue; superimposing a virtual implant model over the bone surface of the virtual bone model; determining a resection relative to the bone surface of the virtual bone model based on the superimposing, the resection being adapted to facilitate an implant being implanted on the patient bone as part of the arthroplasty procedure, the implant corresponding to the virtual implant model; and referencing the resection to the registration surface. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the soft tissue includes cartilage. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual bone model is computer generated by accessing a generic bone model stored in a memory and using a computer to modify the generic bone model according to medical imaging data of the joint region of the patient bone. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the virtual bone model to candidate implant models stored in a memory of a computer. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising recommending an implant model based on the comparison of the virtual bone model to the candidate implant models. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting the resection to a surgeon for review. 20. A manufacturing method according to claim 14 and further comprising manufacturing an arthroplasty jig to comprise a mating surface and a resection guide, the mating surface adapted to interdigitate with the registration surface, and the resection guide capable of guiding the resection when the mating surface interdigitates with the patient bone. | A method for planning an arthroplasty procedure on a patient bone. The method may include accessing generic bone data stored in a memory of a computer, using the computer to generate modified bone data by modifying the generic bone data according to medical imaging data of the patient bone, using the computer to derive a location of non-bone tissue data relative to the modified bone data, and superimposing implant data and the modified bone data in defining a resection of an arthroplasty target region of the patient bone.1. A method for planning an arthroplasty procedure on a patient bone, the method comprising:
accessing generic bone data stored in a memory of a computer; using the computer to generate modified bone data by modifying the generic bone data according to medical imaging data of the patient bone; using the computer to derive a location of non-bone tissue data relative to the modified bone data; and superimposing implant data and the modified bone data in defining a resection of an arthroplasty target region of the patient bone. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-bone tissue data includes a contour of the non-bone tissue data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-bone tissue data pertains to cartilage. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-bone tissue data comprises modified non-bone tissue data that is computer generated by accessing generic non-bone tissue data stored in the memory and using the computer to modify the generic non-bone tissue data according to the medical imaging data of the patient bone. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modified non-bone tissue data includes a contour of the non-bone tissue data. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modified non-bone tissue data pertains to cartilage. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contour of the non-bone tissue data is used in registering the resection with the patient bone. 8. A surgical method according to claim 7 and further comprising resecting the resection into the patient bone. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the contour of the non-bone tissue data is used in defining a registration surface of an arthroplasty jig, the registration surface registering the arthroplasty jig with the patient bone when the arthroplasty jig is used to guide the resection in the arthroplasty target region of the patient bone. 10. A manufacturing method according to claim 9 and further comprising manufacturing the arthroplasty jig to comprise the registration surface and a resection guide capable of guiding the resection when the registration surface interdigitates with the patient bone. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the modified bone data to candidate implant models stored in the memory of the computer. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising recommending an implant model based on the comparison of the modified bone data to the candidate implant models. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting the defined resection to a surgeon for review. 14. A method for planning an arthroplasty procedure on a joint region of a patient bone, the method comprising:
constructing a virtual bone model of the joint region of the patient bone, the virtual bone model comprising a contour of soft tissue and a bone surface; determining a location and configuration of the soft tissue relative to the bone surface of the virtual bone model; identifying a registration surface including at least part of the location and configuration of the soft tissue; superimposing a virtual implant model over the bone surface of the virtual bone model; determining a resection relative to the bone surface of the virtual bone model based on the superimposing, the resection being adapted to facilitate an implant being implanted on the patient bone as part of the arthroplasty procedure, the implant corresponding to the virtual implant model; and referencing the resection to the registration surface. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the soft tissue includes cartilage. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual bone model is computer generated by accessing a generic bone model stored in a memory and using a computer to modify the generic bone model according to medical imaging data of the joint region of the patient bone. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the virtual bone model to candidate implant models stored in a memory of a computer. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising recommending an implant model based on the comparison of the virtual bone model to the candidate implant models. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting the resection to a surgeon for review. 20. A manufacturing method according to claim 14 and further comprising manufacturing an arthroplasty jig to comprise a mating surface and a resection guide, the mating surface adapted to interdigitate with the registration surface, and the resection guide capable of guiding the resection when the mating surface interdigitates with the patient bone. | 3,700 |
344,202 | 16,803,701 | 3,747 | A datalogger with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of one or more articles during a radio frequency (RF) heating process. The datalogger may be wireless and may store temperature measurements in an internal memory and/or may wirelessly transmit temperature data in real-time. The datalogger may be specifically designed and oriented to maximize temperature measurement accuracy and minimize interference with the RF heating process. | 1. A process for heating a plurality of articles using radio frequency (RF) energy, said process comprising:
(a) conveying a plurality of articles through an RF heating chamber; (b) during at least a portion of said conveying, heating said plurality of articles in said RF heating chamber using RF energy; and (c) during at least a portion of said heating, measuring a temperature of at least one of said articles using a wireless datalogger having an elongated probe extending at least partly into said article, wherein said elongated probe is oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of orientation of the RF energy field used to heat said plurality of articles in said RF heating chamber. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein said datalogger comprises a main body, a temperature sensor, and an electrically conductive material substantially surrounding said temperature sensor, wherein said elongated probe extends from said main body, wherein said temperature sensor is located near a distil end of said probe, and wherein said electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity greater than 2×106 S/m at 20° C. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein said electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of brass, gold, copper, silver, and combinations thereof. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein said conveying of step (a) moves said plurality of articles in a convey direction, wherein said elongated probe is oriented substantially perpendicular to said convey direction. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein during said heating of step (c), said plurality of articles are substantially submerged in a liquid having a conductivity of less than 2 mS/m at 20° C. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein during said measuring of step (c), the temperature measurements are stored as temperature-time data in a memory of said datalogger. 7. The process of claim 1, further comprising (i) prior to said conveying of step (a), preheating said articles in a thermal regulation zone upstream of said RF applicator and during at least a portion of said preheating, measuring a temperature of at least one of said articles using said datalogger and (ii) subsequent to said heating of step (b), cooling said articles in a cool down zone, and during at least a portion of said cooling, measuring a temperature of at least one of said articles using said datalogger. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein each of said articles comprises a packaged ingestible substance, wherein said elongated probe is in contact with a portion of said ingestible substance during said heating, and wherein said process is a pasteurization or sterilization process. 9. A system for heating a plurality of articles using radio frequency (RF) energy, said system comprising:
an RF generator for generating RF energy; an RF waveguide for transmitting RF energy produced by said RF generator; an RF heating chamber for receiving RF energy transmitted by said RF waveguide; a convey system for transporting a plurality of articles through said RF heating chamber in a convey direction; and at least one wireless datalogger for measuring a temperature in at least one article, wherein said wireless datalogger has an elongated probe extending at least partly into said article, wherein said elongated probe is oriented substantially perpendicular to said convey direction. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein said datalogger comprises a main body, a temperature sensor, and an electrically conductive material substantially surrounding said temperature sensor, wherein said elongated probe extends from said main body, wherein said temperature sensor is coupled to said probe near a distil end of said probe, and wherein said electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity greater than 2×106 S/m at 20° C. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of brass, gold, copper, silver, and combinations thereof. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein said datalogger comprises a memory configured to store temperature and time data. 13. A wireless datalogger for sensing and storing and/or wirelessly transmitting temperature data, said datalogger comprising:
a main body; an elongated probe extending from said main body; a temperature sensor located near a distil end of said probe; and an electrically conductive material substantially surrounding said temperature sensor, wherein said electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity greater than 2×106 S/m at 20° C. 14. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said probe is at least partially formed of a probe material that is less electrically conductive that said electrically conductive material. 15. The wireless datalogger of claim 14, wherein said electrically conductive material covers at least a portion of said probe material. 16. The wireless datalogger of claim 15, wherein said electrically conductive material is in the form of a coating on said probe material and/or a sheath that extends over at least a portion of said probe material. 17. The wireless datalogger of claim 15, wherein said electrically conductive material covers substantially all of said probe material. 18. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said datalogger comprises a memory configured to store temperature and time data. 19. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said datalogger comprises an electronic communication port configured to provide communication between said datalogger and a computing device. 20. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said datalogger comprises a programmable microprocessor for controlling the acquisition and storage of temperature and time data. | A datalogger with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of one or more articles during a radio frequency (RF) heating process. The datalogger may be wireless and may store temperature measurements in an internal memory and/or may wirelessly transmit temperature data in real-time. The datalogger may be specifically designed and oriented to maximize temperature measurement accuracy and minimize interference with the RF heating process.1. A process for heating a plurality of articles using radio frequency (RF) energy, said process comprising:
(a) conveying a plurality of articles through an RF heating chamber; (b) during at least a portion of said conveying, heating said plurality of articles in said RF heating chamber using RF energy; and (c) during at least a portion of said heating, measuring a temperature of at least one of said articles using a wireless datalogger having an elongated probe extending at least partly into said article, wherein said elongated probe is oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of orientation of the RF energy field used to heat said plurality of articles in said RF heating chamber. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein said datalogger comprises a main body, a temperature sensor, and an electrically conductive material substantially surrounding said temperature sensor, wherein said elongated probe extends from said main body, wherein said temperature sensor is located near a distil end of said probe, and wherein said electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity greater than 2×106 S/m at 20° C. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein said electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of brass, gold, copper, silver, and combinations thereof. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein said conveying of step (a) moves said plurality of articles in a convey direction, wherein said elongated probe is oriented substantially perpendicular to said convey direction. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein during said heating of step (c), said plurality of articles are substantially submerged in a liquid having a conductivity of less than 2 mS/m at 20° C. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein during said measuring of step (c), the temperature measurements are stored as temperature-time data in a memory of said datalogger. 7. The process of claim 1, further comprising (i) prior to said conveying of step (a), preheating said articles in a thermal regulation zone upstream of said RF applicator and during at least a portion of said preheating, measuring a temperature of at least one of said articles using said datalogger and (ii) subsequent to said heating of step (b), cooling said articles in a cool down zone, and during at least a portion of said cooling, measuring a temperature of at least one of said articles using said datalogger. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein each of said articles comprises a packaged ingestible substance, wherein said elongated probe is in contact with a portion of said ingestible substance during said heating, and wherein said process is a pasteurization or sterilization process. 9. A system for heating a plurality of articles using radio frequency (RF) energy, said system comprising:
an RF generator for generating RF energy; an RF waveguide for transmitting RF energy produced by said RF generator; an RF heating chamber for receiving RF energy transmitted by said RF waveguide; a convey system for transporting a plurality of articles through said RF heating chamber in a convey direction; and at least one wireless datalogger for measuring a temperature in at least one article, wherein said wireless datalogger has an elongated probe extending at least partly into said article, wherein said elongated probe is oriented substantially perpendicular to said convey direction. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein said datalogger comprises a main body, a temperature sensor, and an electrically conductive material substantially surrounding said temperature sensor, wherein said elongated probe extends from said main body, wherein said temperature sensor is coupled to said probe near a distil end of said probe, and wherein said electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity greater than 2×106 S/m at 20° C. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of brass, gold, copper, silver, and combinations thereof. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein said datalogger comprises a memory configured to store temperature and time data. 13. A wireless datalogger for sensing and storing and/or wirelessly transmitting temperature data, said datalogger comprising:
a main body; an elongated probe extending from said main body; a temperature sensor located near a distil end of said probe; and an electrically conductive material substantially surrounding said temperature sensor, wherein said electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity greater than 2×106 S/m at 20° C. 14. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said probe is at least partially formed of a probe material that is less electrically conductive that said electrically conductive material. 15. The wireless datalogger of claim 14, wherein said electrically conductive material covers at least a portion of said probe material. 16. The wireless datalogger of claim 15, wherein said electrically conductive material is in the form of a coating on said probe material and/or a sheath that extends over at least a portion of said probe material. 17. The wireless datalogger of claim 15, wherein said electrically conductive material covers substantially all of said probe material. 18. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said datalogger comprises a memory configured to store temperature and time data. 19. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said datalogger comprises an electronic communication port configured to provide communication between said datalogger and a computing device. 20. The wireless datalogger of claim 13, wherein said datalogger comprises a programmable microprocessor for controlling the acquisition and storage of temperature and time data. | 3,700 |
344,203 | 16,803,674 | 3,747 | An apparatus to electrically kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth is disclosed herein, wherein the apparatus comprises at least an electrical energy processing unit and an electrical continuity system. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using same. | 1. A method of electrically killing a plant or at least attenuating plant growth using an apparatus, wherein the plant comprises a stem that extends above the ground, the method comprising:
directly transmitting processed electrical energy between an applicator electrode of an applicator unit and an earth electrode of an earth unit and through a portion of the plant that extends above the ground to form a circuit that includes the portion of the plant that extends above the ground; transmitting a continuity signal to or in operational proximity to one or both of the said electrode(s); isolating, using a signal processing arrangement, at least part of the continuity signal from the processed electrical energy; determining, using said isolated continuity signal or a property related thereto, an electrical continuity between the ground and one or both of the said electrodes; and controlling, using said determined electrical continuity, transmission of the processed electrical energy. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
encoding information with the continuity signal; and determining said electrical continuity by decoding and authenticating the encoded information. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
an electrical energy processing unit to transmit electrical energy between an applicator electrode of an applicator unit and an earth electrode of an earth unit, wherein the applicator unit and the earth unit are arranged for direct transmission of the processed electrical energy through the circuit comprising at least a portion of the plant that extends above the ground; and an electrical continuity system comprising:
a signal generator that generates the continuity signal and transmits said signal around a continuity circuit including, or in operational proximity to, one or both of the said electrode(s);
a signal processing arrangement that at least partially isolates the transmitted continuity signal from the electrical energy; and
a control circuit that is operable to perform the determining and controlling steps of the method. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the electrical energy processing unit of the apparatus comprises:
a converter configured to receive unprocessed electrical energy from an electrical energy source, to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy and to output said processed electrical energy to the said electrodes; and a control circuit operable to control the converter to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises the applicator unit and the earth unit comprising the respective applicator and earth electrodes. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the continuity circuit of the apparatus comprises first and second continuity electrodes with the continuity signal transmitted therebetween. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second continuity electrodes have an arrangement selected from one of the following:
the first continuity electrode is incorporated with the applicator electrode and the second continuity electrode is incorporated with the earth electrode; the first continuity electrode is incorporated with the applicator electrode and the second continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode; the second continuity electrode is incorporated with the earth electrode and the first continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode; and the first continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode and the second continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the electrical energy processing unit and the electrical continuity system of the apparatus are configured to generate respective processed electrical energy and continuity signals that can be at least partially filtered from each other by one or more filters of the signal processing arrangement, the filters selected from the group comprising: high-pass; low-pass; band-pass; and band stop. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein the electrical energy processing unit of the apparatus is configured to generate the processed electrical energy:
that is non-steady and comprises a waveform with a frequency; or that is steady. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the continuity signal comprises a frequency that is different to the frequency of the processed electrical energy or the continuity signal is steady, to enable it to be at least partially filtered from the processed electrical energy by the signal processing arrangement. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the difference in frequency is at least 50% or an octave or decade greater or lower. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein the signal generator is configured to generate the continuity signal:
that is non-steady and comprises a waveform with a frequency; or that is steady. 13. The method of claim 3, wherein the control circuit of the apparatus is operable to:
compare the determined electrical continuity to a predetermined condition; enable transmission of the processed electrical energy between the applicator electrode and the earth electrode if the predetermined condition is satisfied; and/or prevent transmission of the processed electrical energy between the applicator electrode and earth electrode if the predetermined condition is not satisfied. 14. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining of the electrical continuity using the isolated continuity signal comprises the control circuit configured to measure an aspect of the transmitted continuity signal, wherein the aspect is selected from the group consisting of voltage; phase; current; power; and shape of waveform. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining of the electrical continuity using a property related to the continuity signal comprises the control circuit configured to measure an electrical potential to maintain the continuity signal with a constant current through the electrical continuity circuit. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining of the electrical continuity using the continuity signal comprises the: signal generator configured to generate the continuity signal that encodes information; the control circuit operable to determine electrical continuity by, for the transmitted continuity signal, decoding and authenticating said information. 17. The method of claim 3, wherein the signal processing arrangement of the apparatus is configured to prevent the processed electrical energy from interfering with the determination of the electrical continuity. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the signal processing arrangement comprises one or more first filters arranged in series with the signal generator of the electrical continuity system, the first filters being configured to allow passing of at least part of the continuity signal and to prevent the passing of at least part of the processed electrical energy. 19. The method of claim 3, wherein the signal processing arrangement of the apparatus is configured to prevent at least part of the continuity signal being transmitted around a circuit other than the continuity circuit. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the signal processing arrangement comprises one or more second filters arranged in series with a converter unit of the converter, the second filters being configured to prevent the passing of at least part of the continuity signal. | An apparatus to electrically kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth is disclosed herein, wherein the apparatus comprises at least an electrical energy processing unit and an electrical continuity system. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using same.1. A method of electrically killing a plant or at least attenuating plant growth using an apparatus, wherein the plant comprises a stem that extends above the ground, the method comprising:
directly transmitting processed electrical energy between an applicator electrode of an applicator unit and an earth electrode of an earth unit and through a portion of the plant that extends above the ground to form a circuit that includes the portion of the plant that extends above the ground; transmitting a continuity signal to or in operational proximity to one or both of the said electrode(s); isolating, using a signal processing arrangement, at least part of the continuity signal from the processed electrical energy; determining, using said isolated continuity signal or a property related thereto, an electrical continuity between the ground and one or both of the said electrodes; and controlling, using said determined electrical continuity, transmission of the processed electrical energy. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
encoding information with the continuity signal; and determining said electrical continuity by decoding and authenticating the encoded information. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
an electrical energy processing unit to transmit electrical energy between an applicator electrode of an applicator unit and an earth electrode of an earth unit, wherein the applicator unit and the earth unit are arranged for direct transmission of the processed electrical energy through the circuit comprising at least a portion of the plant that extends above the ground; and an electrical continuity system comprising:
a signal generator that generates the continuity signal and transmits said signal around a continuity circuit including, or in operational proximity to, one or both of the said electrode(s);
a signal processing arrangement that at least partially isolates the transmitted continuity signal from the electrical energy; and
a control circuit that is operable to perform the determining and controlling steps of the method. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the electrical energy processing unit of the apparatus comprises:
a converter configured to receive unprocessed electrical energy from an electrical energy source, to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy and to output said processed electrical energy to the said electrodes; and a control circuit operable to control the converter to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises the applicator unit and the earth unit comprising the respective applicator and earth electrodes. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the continuity circuit of the apparatus comprises first and second continuity electrodes with the continuity signal transmitted therebetween. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second continuity electrodes have an arrangement selected from one of the following:
the first continuity electrode is incorporated with the applicator electrode and the second continuity electrode is incorporated with the earth electrode; the first continuity electrode is incorporated with the applicator electrode and the second continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode; the second continuity electrode is incorporated with the earth electrode and the first continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode; and the first continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode and the second continuity electrode is arranged in operational proximity to, without being incorporated with, one of the applicator electrode or earth electrode. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the electrical energy processing unit and the electrical continuity system of the apparatus are configured to generate respective processed electrical energy and continuity signals that can be at least partially filtered from each other by one or more filters of the signal processing arrangement, the filters selected from the group comprising: high-pass; low-pass; band-pass; and band stop. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein the electrical energy processing unit of the apparatus is configured to generate the processed electrical energy:
that is non-steady and comprises a waveform with a frequency; or that is steady. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the continuity signal comprises a frequency that is different to the frequency of the processed electrical energy or the continuity signal is steady, to enable it to be at least partially filtered from the processed electrical energy by the signal processing arrangement. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the difference in frequency is at least 50% or an octave or decade greater or lower. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein the signal generator is configured to generate the continuity signal:
that is non-steady and comprises a waveform with a frequency; or that is steady. 13. The method of claim 3, wherein the control circuit of the apparatus is operable to:
compare the determined electrical continuity to a predetermined condition; enable transmission of the processed electrical energy between the applicator electrode and the earth electrode if the predetermined condition is satisfied; and/or prevent transmission of the processed electrical energy between the applicator electrode and earth electrode if the predetermined condition is not satisfied. 14. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining of the electrical continuity using the isolated continuity signal comprises the control circuit configured to measure an aspect of the transmitted continuity signal, wherein the aspect is selected from the group consisting of voltage; phase; current; power; and shape of waveform. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining of the electrical continuity using a property related to the continuity signal comprises the control circuit configured to measure an electrical potential to maintain the continuity signal with a constant current through the electrical continuity circuit. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining of the electrical continuity using the continuity signal comprises the: signal generator configured to generate the continuity signal that encodes information; the control circuit operable to determine electrical continuity by, for the transmitted continuity signal, decoding and authenticating said information. 17. The method of claim 3, wherein the signal processing arrangement of the apparatus is configured to prevent the processed electrical energy from interfering with the determination of the electrical continuity. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the signal processing arrangement comprises one or more first filters arranged in series with the signal generator of the electrical continuity system, the first filters being configured to allow passing of at least part of the continuity signal and to prevent the passing of at least part of the processed electrical energy. 19. The method of claim 3, wherein the signal processing arrangement of the apparatus is configured to prevent at least part of the continuity signal being transmitted around a circuit other than the continuity circuit. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the signal processing arrangement comprises one or more second filters arranged in series with a converter unit of the converter, the second filters being configured to prevent the passing of at least part of the continuity signal. | 3,700 |
344,204 | 16,803,693 | 3,747 | Disclosed is an apparatus for receiving and sending a parcel delivered by a drone, including: a base assembly, configured to be mounted on a building, the base assembly including a platform, in which the platform includes a working surface capable of being horizontally placed; the working surface further includes an operating area for the drone to disengage or engage the parcel; and a barrier assembly, comprising a barrier plate movable with respect to the base assembly, in which in a horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is enabled to be disposed close to an edge of the working surface and between the building and the operating area to separate the operating area from the other side of the barrier plate where the user stays. | 1. An apparatus for receiving and sending a parcel delivered by a drone, comprising:
a base assembly, configured to be mounted on a building, the base assembly comprising a platform, wherein
the platform comprises a working surface capable of being horizontally placed;
the working surface further comprises an operating area for the drone to disengage or engage the parcel; and
a barrier assembly, comprising a barrier plate movable with respect to the base assembly, wherein
in a horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is enabled to be disposed close to an edge of the working surface and between the building and the operating area to separate the operating area from the other side of the barrier plate where a user stays. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the barrier plate comprises an opening, configured to enable the parcel to pass through the barrier plate, allowing the user to fetch the parcel from the operating area or to place the parcel in the operating area; and the barrier assembly further comprises at least one door to close the opening. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
in the horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is capable of moving to the position close to the edge of the working surface, where at least part of the barrier plate is disposed above the working surface, allowing the operating area accessible to the drone; and the barrier plate is also capable of moving to another position right above the operating area, where the barrier plate and the working surface are arranged in a spaced and opposite manner, allowing the barrier plate to shelter the operating area and to prevent the drone from accessing to the operating area. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein
in the horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is capable of moving to the position close to the edge of the working surface, where at least part of the barrier plate is disposed above the working surface, allowing the operating area accessible to the drone; and the barrier plate is also capable of moving to another position right above the operating area, where the barrier plate and the working surface are arranged in a spaced and opposite manner, allowing the barrier plate to shelter the operating area and to prevent the drone from accessing to the operating area. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein
the barrier plate is capable of rotating to the position close to the edge of the working surface and to the position right above the operating area; the base assembly further comprises a bracket configured to be mounted on the building, with the platform being installed on the bracket; the barrier plate comprises a connecting end and a free end, with the connecting end being pivoted to the bracket. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein
the barrier plate is capable of rotating to the position close to the edge of the working surface and to the position right above the operating area; the base assembly further comprises a bracket configured to be mounted on the building, with the platform being installed on the bracket; the barrier plate comprises a connecting end and a free end, with the connecting end being pivoted to the bracket. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein
the platform is rotatably connected to the bracket; the platform is capable of rotating to a position, where the working surface is vertical or tilted, allowing the platform to closely approach the building; and the barrier plate is capable of rotating to a position, where its connecting end is higher than its free end, allowing the barrier plate to closely approach the platform in the vertical or tilted state of the working surface, thus the platform is between the barrier plate and the building. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein
the platform is rotatably connected to the bracket; the platform is capable of rotating to a position, where the working surface is vertical or tilted, allowing the platform to closely approach the building; and the barrier plate is capable of rotating to a position, where its connecting end is higher than its free end, allowing the barrier plate to closely approach the platform in the vertical or tilted state of the working surface, thus the platform is between the barrier plate and the building. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lift table in the operating area of the platform, wherein
the lift table is configured to hold and lift the parcel. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the lift table is capable of sliding on the platform to approach the user, in the horizontal state of the working surface. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a main controller, and a weight sensor installed in the lift table and electrically connected with the main controller, wherein
the weight sensor is configured to detect and measure a weight of the parcel on the lift table. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein
the main controller is capable of controlling the lift table to lift up or lift down based on a data sent from the weight sensor. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
in the horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is capable of sliding upward to the position, allowing the barrier plate to separate the operating area form the other side of the barrier plate where the user stays, and the barrier plate is also capable of sliding downward to another position, allowing the operating area accessible to the user. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein
the apparatus further comprises a lift table in the operation area of the platform, the lift table is configured to hold and lift the parcel. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein
the lift table is capable of sliding on the platform to approach the user, in the horizontal state of the working surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein
the platform is rotatable and enables: the working surface to be vertical or tilted, allowing the platform to closely approach the barrier plate. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
one or more makers for the drone vision navigation are disposed on a barrier surface of the barrier plate. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein
the markers switch from being visible or invisible to the drone by movement of the barrier plate. 19. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein
one or more makers for the drone vision navigation are disposed on a barrier surface of the barrier plate; the markers switch to being visible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position close to the edge of the working surface; and the markers switch to being invisible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position right above the operating area. 20. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein
one or more makers for the drone vision navigation are disposed on a barrier surface of the barrier plate; the markers switch to being visible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position close to the edge of the working surface; and the markers switch to being invisible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position right above the operating area. | Disclosed is an apparatus for receiving and sending a parcel delivered by a drone, including: a base assembly, configured to be mounted on a building, the base assembly including a platform, in which the platform includes a working surface capable of being horizontally placed; the working surface further includes an operating area for the drone to disengage or engage the parcel; and a barrier assembly, comprising a barrier plate movable with respect to the base assembly, in which in a horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is enabled to be disposed close to an edge of the working surface and between the building and the operating area to separate the operating area from the other side of the barrier plate where the user stays.1. An apparatus for receiving and sending a parcel delivered by a drone, comprising:
a base assembly, configured to be mounted on a building, the base assembly comprising a platform, wherein
the platform comprises a working surface capable of being horizontally placed;
the working surface further comprises an operating area for the drone to disengage or engage the parcel; and
a barrier assembly, comprising a barrier plate movable with respect to the base assembly, wherein
in a horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is enabled to be disposed close to an edge of the working surface and between the building and the operating area to separate the operating area from the other side of the barrier plate where a user stays. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the barrier plate comprises an opening, configured to enable the parcel to pass through the barrier plate, allowing the user to fetch the parcel from the operating area or to place the parcel in the operating area; and the barrier assembly further comprises at least one door to close the opening. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
in the horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is capable of moving to the position close to the edge of the working surface, where at least part of the barrier plate is disposed above the working surface, allowing the operating area accessible to the drone; and the barrier plate is also capable of moving to another position right above the operating area, where the barrier plate and the working surface are arranged in a spaced and opposite manner, allowing the barrier plate to shelter the operating area and to prevent the drone from accessing to the operating area. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein
in the horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is capable of moving to the position close to the edge of the working surface, where at least part of the barrier plate is disposed above the working surface, allowing the operating area accessible to the drone; and the barrier plate is also capable of moving to another position right above the operating area, where the barrier plate and the working surface are arranged in a spaced and opposite manner, allowing the barrier plate to shelter the operating area and to prevent the drone from accessing to the operating area. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein
the barrier plate is capable of rotating to the position close to the edge of the working surface and to the position right above the operating area; the base assembly further comprises a bracket configured to be mounted on the building, with the platform being installed on the bracket; the barrier plate comprises a connecting end and a free end, with the connecting end being pivoted to the bracket. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein
the barrier plate is capable of rotating to the position close to the edge of the working surface and to the position right above the operating area; the base assembly further comprises a bracket configured to be mounted on the building, with the platform being installed on the bracket; the barrier plate comprises a connecting end and a free end, with the connecting end being pivoted to the bracket. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein
the platform is rotatably connected to the bracket; the platform is capable of rotating to a position, where the working surface is vertical or tilted, allowing the platform to closely approach the building; and the barrier plate is capable of rotating to a position, where its connecting end is higher than its free end, allowing the barrier plate to closely approach the platform in the vertical or tilted state of the working surface, thus the platform is between the barrier plate and the building. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein
the platform is rotatably connected to the bracket; the platform is capable of rotating to a position, where the working surface is vertical or tilted, allowing the platform to closely approach the building; and the barrier plate is capable of rotating to a position, where its connecting end is higher than its free end, allowing the barrier plate to closely approach the platform in the vertical or tilted state of the working surface, thus the platform is between the barrier plate and the building. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lift table in the operating area of the platform, wherein
the lift table is configured to hold and lift the parcel. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the lift table is capable of sliding on the platform to approach the user, in the horizontal state of the working surface. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a main controller, and a weight sensor installed in the lift table and electrically connected with the main controller, wherein
the weight sensor is configured to detect and measure a weight of the parcel on the lift table. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein
the main controller is capable of controlling the lift table to lift up or lift down based on a data sent from the weight sensor. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
in the horizontal state of the working surface, the barrier plate is capable of sliding upward to the position, allowing the barrier plate to separate the operating area form the other side of the barrier plate where the user stays, and the barrier plate is also capable of sliding downward to another position, allowing the operating area accessible to the user. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein
the apparatus further comprises a lift table in the operation area of the platform, the lift table is configured to hold and lift the parcel. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein
the lift table is capable of sliding on the platform to approach the user, in the horizontal state of the working surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein
the platform is rotatable and enables: the working surface to be vertical or tilted, allowing the platform to closely approach the barrier plate. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
one or more makers for the drone vision navigation are disposed on a barrier surface of the barrier plate. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein
the markers switch from being visible or invisible to the drone by movement of the barrier plate. 19. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein
one or more makers for the drone vision navigation are disposed on a barrier surface of the barrier plate; the markers switch to being visible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position close to the edge of the working surface; and the markers switch to being invisible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position right above the operating area. 20. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein
one or more makers for the drone vision navigation are disposed on a barrier surface of the barrier plate; the markers switch to being visible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position close to the edge of the working surface; and the markers switch to being invisible to the drone when the barrier plate 310 moves to the position right above the operating area. | 3,700 |
344,205 | 16,803,695 | 3,747 | The present invention relates generally to a Cloud real-time textile intelligent production information management monitoring and prewarning integrated system, which comprises a sensing device, a communication system, a server, a central information integration system and an end device. The sensing device is installed on textile automation equipments to sense the real-time state information of the textile automation equipments and connected to the communication system, and the communication system sends the real-time state information to the server, it is connected to the central information integration system, so that the real-time status can be monitored at any time to check whether it exceeds the set value to give a warning message which is displayed on the end device, forming a Cloud real-time textile intelligent production information management monitoring and prewarning integrated system for real-time monitoring of overall manufacturing process of mills, increasing the manufacturing efficiency and reducing losses greatly. | 1. A Cloud real-time textile intelligent production information management monitoring and prewarning integrated system, comprising a plurality of sensing devices, installed on textile automation equipments to detect the real-time state information of the textile automation equipments;
a plurality of communication systems, connected to the plurality of sensing devices; at least a server host, connected to the plurality of communication systems, so that the real-time state information detected by the plurality of sensing devices is sent by the plurality of communication systems to the server; a central information integration system, comprising a server client-side connected to the server host and a data acquisition monitoring system, which can receive and analyze the real-time state information from the server host and judge whether the real-time state information exceeds the set value or not, and generate an analytic data; a Cloud database, connected to the central information integration system, the real-time state information and analytical data of the central information integration system can be obtained at any time, and the real-time state information is stored in the Cloud database; at least an end device, which is connected to the central information integration system, it can access and display the real-time state information and analytical data of the central information integration system. 2. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensing devices include a production equipment sensing device, which is installed on the textile automation production equipment to sense the real-time state information of the textile automation production equipment; a dyeing equipment sensing device, which is installed on the textile dyeing equipment to sense the real-time state information of the textile dyeing equipment; a recovery sensing device installed on the reclaimer to sense the real-time state information of reclaimer; an effluent sensing device installed on the effluent treatment equipment to sense the real-time state information of the textile effluent treatment equipment. 3. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition monitoring system is connected to the Cloud database, comprising a remote office system, a production control system, a weaving command information system, a production preparation order monitoring system, a quantity detail monitoring system, a false twist extension monitoring system, a dyeing monitoring system, a water quality monitoring system and a quality monitoring management system, so that the data acquisition monitoring system can collect and identify different kinds of textile real-time state information, if the set value is exceeded, a warning signal is sent to the end device, and the real-time state information is stored in the Cloud database. 4. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the analytical data comprises a warning signal data, so that the warning signal data can be sent by the central information integration system and displayed on the end device. | The present invention relates generally to a Cloud real-time textile intelligent production information management monitoring and prewarning integrated system, which comprises a sensing device, a communication system, a server, a central information integration system and an end device. The sensing device is installed on textile automation equipments to sense the real-time state information of the textile automation equipments and connected to the communication system, and the communication system sends the real-time state information to the server, it is connected to the central information integration system, so that the real-time status can be monitored at any time to check whether it exceeds the set value to give a warning message which is displayed on the end device, forming a Cloud real-time textile intelligent production information management monitoring and prewarning integrated system for real-time monitoring of overall manufacturing process of mills, increasing the manufacturing efficiency and reducing losses greatly.1. A Cloud real-time textile intelligent production information management monitoring and prewarning integrated system, comprising a plurality of sensing devices, installed on textile automation equipments to detect the real-time state information of the textile automation equipments;
a plurality of communication systems, connected to the plurality of sensing devices; at least a server host, connected to the plurality of communication systems, so that the real-time state information detected by the plurality of sensing devices is sent by the plurality of communication systems to the server; a central information integration system, comprising a server client-side connected to the server host and a data acquisition monitoring system, which can receive and analyze the real-time state information from the server host and judge whether the real-time state information exceeds the set value or not, and generate an analytic data; a Cloud database, connected to the central information integration system, the real-time state information and analytical data of the central information integration system can be obtained at any time, and the real-time state information is stored in the Cloud database; at least an end device, which is connected to the central information integration system, it can access and display the real-time state information and analytical data of the central information integration system. 2. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensing devices include a production equipment sensing device, which is installed on the textile automation production equipment to sense the real-time state information of the textile automation production equipment; a dyeing equipment sensing device, which is installed on the textile dyeing equipment to sense the real-time state information of the textile dyeing equipment; a recovery sensing device installed on the reclaimer to sense the real-time state information of reclaimer; an effluent sensing device installed on the effluent treatment equipment to sense the real-time state information of the textile effluent treatment equipment. 3. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition monitoring system is connected to the Cloud database, comprising a remote office system, a production control system, a weaving command information system, a production preparation order monitoring system, a quantity detail monitoring system, a false twist extension monitoring system, a dyeing monitoring system, a water quality monitoring system and a quality monitoring management system, so that the data acquisition monitoring system can collect and identify different kinds of textile real-time state information, if the set value is exceeded, a warning signal is sent to the end device, and the real-time state information is stored in the Cloud database. 4. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the analytical data comprises a warning signal data, so that the warning signal data can be sent by the central information integration system and displayed on the end device. | 3,700 |
344,206 | 16,803,673 | 3,747 | A wrench has a roller motion transmission mechanism that changes reciprocating motion of a driving member to unidirectional rotational motion of a driven member. The wrench has a head with a cylindrical inside wall surrounding a body with a plurality of ramps inclined toward the cylindrical inside wall. A wedging member comprising a cylindrical roller engages each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. A cage anchored to the body retains the wedging members in contiguous locations relative to the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. Retainers connected to the cage bias all of the wedging members into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. | 1. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a handle having an end, a head joined to the end of the handle, said head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening extended through the head, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body having an inside wall and members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body including a plurality of protrusions located adjacent to the cylindrical wall of the head, each protrusion including an outwardly extended shoulder, a ramp and a ridge located between the shoulder and the ramp, said ramp including a linear surface inclined outwardly from the shoulder to the ridge, said ridge having a first corner at a first end of the ridge and the shoulder and a second corner at a second end of the ridge and ramp, cylindrical rollers engaging the linear surfaces of the ramps and the inside cylindrical wall of the head, a cage located around the body, said cage having openings confining the cylindrical rollers to positions on the linear surfaces of the ramps whereby all of the cylindrical rollers concurrently engage the linear surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, and said cage having first ribs engaging the first corners of the ridges and second ribs engaging the second corners of the ridges to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body, and retainers connected to the cage for biasing all the cylindrical rollers in engagement with the linear surfaces of the ramps and cylindrical inside wall of the head whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges the cylindrical rollers between the linear surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of the cylindrical rollers with the linear surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 2. The wrench of claim 1 wherein:
the cage has a cylindrical sleeve surrounding the plurality of protrusions,
said cylindrical sleeve of the cage having slots accommodating the cylindrical rollers to retain the cylindrical rollers in engagement with the inclined surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 3. The wrench of claim 2 wherein:
the sleeve of the cage has surfaces between the slots located in contiguous relation to the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 4. The wrench of claim 2 wherein:
the sleeve of the cage has arcuate segments having end walls, the end walls of adjacent segments being spaced from each other providing the slots accommodating the cylindrical rollers. 5. The wrench of claim 4 wherein:
the arcuate segments of the sleeve have surfaces located concentric with the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 6. The wrench of claim 1 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the openings of the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with one of the cylindrical rollers to bias the one of the cylindrical rollers into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 7. The wrench of claim 1 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the openings of the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses, said first arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
said first and second arms being connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the rollers into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 8. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a handle, a head joined to the handle, said head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body including a wall with members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body also including a plurality of protrusions extended toward the cylindrical inside wall of the head, each protrusion including a ramp inclined outwardly toward the inside cylindrical wall of the head, a cylindrical roller engaging each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cage located around the body confining each cylindrical roller to a location on the ramp whereby all of the cylindrical rollers are in positions to concurrently engage the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, the cage including a cylindrical side wall having a plurality of slots, the cylindrical side wall having wall segments between adjacent slots, said wall segments having surfaces in contiguous relation relative to the cylindrical inside wall of the head, one of said cylindrical rollers being located in each slot, retainers operably connected to the cage to bias the cylindrical rollers in positions that locate all of the cylindrical rollers in engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, said cage and protrusions including cooperating members that anchor the cage on the protrusions to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body and position the cylindrical rollers contiguous with the ramps and the inside cylindrical wall of the head whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges the cylindrical rollers between the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 9. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise at least one member on the cage engageable with a protrusion to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 10. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise a plurality of members on the cage engageable with the protrusions to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 11. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
each ramp has an outer end adjacent the inside cylindrical wall of the head,
each protrusion including a ridge at the outer end of the ramp, and
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise at least one member engageable with the ridge to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 12. The wrench of claim 11 wherein:
the ridge includes corners, and
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise ribs on the cage engageable with the corners of the ridge to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 13. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with one of the rollers to bias the one of the rollers into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 14. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses,
said first arms having ends engageable with the rollers,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the rollers,
said first and second arms connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the rollers into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 15. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a handle, a head joined to the handle, said head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body including members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body including a plurality of ramps inclined outwardly toward the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cylindrical roller engaging each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cage located around the body, said cage confining each cylindrical roller to a location on a ramp, retainers supported by the cage and engageable with the cylindrical rollers to concurrently engage the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, and said cage and the body including cooperating members that anchor the cage on the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges all of the cylindrical rollers between the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of all of the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 16. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise at least one member on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 17. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise a plurality of members on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 18. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with one of the cylindrical rollers to bias the one of the cylindrical rollers into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 19. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses,
said first arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
said first and second arms being connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the cylindrical rollers into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 20. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body including members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body also including a plurality of ramps facing the cylindrical inside wall of the head, each ramp being inclined outwardly toward the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a wedging member engaging each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cage located around the body confining each wedging member to a location on the ramp whereby all of the wedging members are in positions to concurrently engage the ramps and the inside cylindrical wall of the head, the cage including a cylindrical side wall having a plurality of slots, the cylindrical side wall having wall segments between adjacent slots, the wall segments having surfaces located in contiguous relation relative to the cylindrical inside wall of the head, the wedging members being located in each slot, retainers connected to the cage and extended into the slots to bias the wedging member in positions that locate the wedging member in engagement with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, said cage and the body including cooperating members that anchor the cage on the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body and hold the wedging member contiguous with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges the wedging member between the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of the wedging member with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 21. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise at least one member on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 22. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise a plurality of members on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 23. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with the wedging member to bias the wedging member into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 24. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the retainer comprises bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses,
said first arms having ends engageable with the wedging members,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the wedging member,
said first and second arms being connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the wedging member into engagement with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 25. A method of converting reciprocating motion to unidirectional motion with a wrench having a head including a cylindrical inside wall and a body having ramps and a cage holding cylindrical rollers between the cylindrical inside wall and the ramps comprising:
anchoring the cage to the body to locate each of the cylindrical rollers in a contiguous position relative to a ramp of the body and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, maintaining engaging positions of the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head by subjecting each of the cylindrical rollers to a biasing force, moving the head in a first direction to force the cylindrical rollers from the engaging positions to wedging positions on the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head thereby moving the body in the first direction, and moving the head and the cylindrical inside wall in a second direction opposite the first direction to release the wedging positions of the cylindrical rollers relative to the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein:
the biasing force is applied to opposite end portions of the cylindrical rollers to maintain a cartesian relationship of the cylindrical rollers relative to the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. | A wrench has a roller motion transmission mechanism that changes reciprocating motion of a driving member to unidirectional rotational motion of a driven member. The wrench has a head with a cylindrical inside wall surrounding a body with a plurality of ramps inclined toward the cylindrical inside wall. A wedging member comprising a cylindrical roller engages each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. A cage anchored to the body retains the wedging members in contiguous locations relative to the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. Retainers connected to the cage bias all of the wedging members into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head.1. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a handle having an end, a head joined to the end of the handle, said head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening extended through the head, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body having an inside wall and members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body including a plurality of protrusions located adjacent to the cylindrical wall of the head, each protrusion including an outwardly extended shoulder, a ramp and a ridge located between the shoulder and the ramp, said ramp including a linear surface inclined outwardly from the shoulder to the ridge, said ridge having a first corner at a first end of the ridge and the shoulder and a second corner at a second end of the ridge and ramp, cylindrical rollers engaging the linear surfaces of the ramps and the inside cylindrical wall of the head, a cage located around the body, said cage having openings confining the cylindrical rollers to positions on the linear surfaces of the ramps whereby all of the cylindrical rollers concurrently engage the linear surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, and said cage having first ribs engaging the first corners of the ridges and second ribs engaging the second corners of the ridges to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body, and retainers connected to the cage for biasing all the cylindrical rollers in engagement with the linear surfaces of the ramps and cylindrical inside wall of the head whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges the cylindrical rollers between the linear surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of the cylindrical rollers with the linear surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 2. The wrench of claim 1 wherein:
the cage has a cylindrical sleeve surrounding the plurality of protrusions,
said cylindrical sleeve of the cage having slots accommodating the cylindrical rollers to retain the cylindrical rollers in engagement with the inclined surfaces of the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 3. The wrench of claim 2 wherein:
the sleeve of the cage has surfaces between the slots located in contiguous relation to the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 4. The wrench of claim 2 wherein:
the sleeve of the cage has arcuate segments having end walls, the end walls of adjacent segments being spaced from each other providing the slots accommodating the cylindrical rollers. 5. The wrench of claim 4 wherein:
the arcuate segments of the sleeve have surfaces located concentric with the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 6. The wrench of claim 1 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the openings of the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with one of the cylindrical rollers to bias the one of the cylindrical rollers into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 7. The wrench of claim 1 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the openings of the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses, said first arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
said first and second arms being connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the rollers into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 8. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a handle, a head joined to the handle, said head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body including a wall with members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body also including a plurality of protrusions extended toward the cylindrical inside wall of the head, each protrusion including a ramp inclined outwardly toward the inside cylindrical wall of the head, a cylindrical roller engaging each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cage located around the body confining each cylindrical roller to a location on the ramp whereby all of the cylindrical rollers are in positions to concurrently engage the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, the cage including a cylindrical side wall having a plurality of slots, the cylindrical side wall having wall segments between adjacent slots, said wall segments having surfaces in contiguous relation relative to the cylindrical inside wall of the head, one of said cylindrical rollers being located in each slot, retainers operably connected to the cage to bias the cylindrical rollers in positions that locate all of the cylindrical rollers in engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, said cage and protrusions including cooperating members that anchor the cage on the protrusions to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body and position the cylindrical rollers contiguous with the ramps and the inside cylindrical wall of the head whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges the cylindrical rollers between the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 9. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise at least one member on the cage engageable with a protrusion to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 10. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise a plurality of members on the cage engageable with the protrusions to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 11. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
each ramp has an outer end adjacent the inside cylindrical wall of the head,
each protrusion including a ridge at the outer end of the ramp, and
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise at least one member engageable with the ridge to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 12. The wrench of claim 11 wherein:
the ridge includes corners, and
the cooperating members of the cage and protrusions comprise ribs on the cage engageable with the corners of the ridge to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 13. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with one of the rollers to bias the one of the rollers into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 14. The wrench of claim 8 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses,
said first arms having ends engageable with the rollers,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the rollers,
said first and second arms connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the rollers into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 15. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a handle, a head joined to the handle, said head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body including members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body including a plurality of ramps inclined outwardly toward the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cylindrical roller engaging each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cage located around the body, said cage confining each cylindrical roller to a location on a ramp, retainers supported by the cage and engageable with the cylindrical rollers to concurrently engage the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, and said cage and the body including cooperating members that anchor the cage on the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges all of the cylindrical rollers between the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of all of the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 16. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise at least one member on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 17. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise a plurality of members on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 18. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with one of the cylindrical rollers to bias the one of the cylindrical rollers into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 19. The wrench of claim 15 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses,
said first arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the cylindrical rollers,
said first and second arms being connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the cylindrical rollers into engagement with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 20. A wrench for rotating a fastener comprising:
a head having a cylindrical inside wall surrounding an opening, a body located in the opening and rotatably retained on the head, said body including members engageable with a fastener for rotating the fastener, said body also including a plurality of ramps facing the cylindrical inside wall of the head, each ramp being inclined outwardly toward the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a wedging member engaging each ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, a cage located around the body confining each wedging member to a location on the ramp whereby all of the wedging members are in positions to concurrently engage the ramps and the inside cylindrical wall of the head, the cage including a cylindrical side wall having a plurality of slots, the cylindrical side wall having wall segments between adjacent slots, the wall segments having surfaces located in contiguous relation relative to the cylindrical inside wall of the head, the wedging members being located in each slot, retainers connected to the cage and extended into the slots to bias the wedging member in positions that locate the wedging member in engagement with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, said cage and the body including cooperating members that anchor the cage on the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body and hold the wedging member contiguous with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head whereby movement of the handle in one direction rotates the head and wedges the wedging member between the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and rotates the body, and movement of the handle in a direction opposite the one direction releases the wedging of the wedging member with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head and inhibits rotation of the body relative to the head. 21. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise at least one member on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 22. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the cooperating members of the cage and the body comprise a plurality of members on the cage engageable with the body to prevent movement of the cage relative to the body. 23. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the retainers comprise bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage, and
at least one arm connected to each of the bosses, said at least one arm being engageable with the wedging member to bias the wedging member into engagement with a ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 24. The wrench of claim 20 wherein:
the retainer comprises bosses joined to the cage and extended into the slots of the cage,
first arms connected to the bosses,
said first arms having ends engageable with the wedging members,
second arms connected to the bosses, and
said second arms having ends engageable with the wedging member,
said first and second arms being connected to the bosses to concurrently bias the wedging member into engagement with the ramp and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 25. A method of converting reciprocating motion to unidirectional motion with a wrench having a head including a cylindrical inside wall and a body having ramps and a cage holding cylindrical rollers between the cylindrical inside wall and the ramps comprising:
anchoring the cage to the body to locate each of the cylindrical rollers in a contiguous position relative to a ramp of the body and the cylindrical inside wall of the head, maintaining engaging positions of the cylindrical rollers with the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head by subjecting each of the cylindrical rollers to a biasing force, moving the head in a first direction to force the cylindrical rollers from the engaging positions to wedging positions on the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head thereby moving the body in the first direction, and moving the head and the cylindrical inside wall in a second direction opposite the first direction to release the wedging positions of the cylindrical rollers relative to the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein:
the biasing force is applied to opposite end portions of the cylindrical rollers to maintain a cartesian relationship of the cylindrical rollers relative to the ramps and the cylindrical inside wall of the head. | 3,700 |
344,207 | 16,803,678 | 3,747 | Some embodiments of the invention provide a map application with novel map exploration tools. In some embodiments, the map application executes on a mobile device (e.g., a handheld smartphone, a tablet, etc.) with a touch sensitive screen. The map application of some embodiments has a first display area to display a map of a region, and second and third display areas to display information about items displayed on the map in the first display area. In some embodiments, the second display area slides over the first display area to overlap at least a portion of the first display area. After the second display area slides over the first display area, the third display area in some embodiments slides over the first display area to overlap at least a portion of the first display area. In some embodiments, the second and third display areas slide over the first display area from one side of the first display area. This side is the bottom of the first display area in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the bottom side is expected to be closer to a position for resting the mobile device in a hand of a user than a top side of the first display area. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the second and third display areas slide up from the bottom side of the first display area so that information and/or controls that are provided in these display areas are more accessible for one handed operations (e.g., thumb-based touch operations) of the user as the user hold and interacts with the device with one hand. | 1. A method performed by a device, the method comprising:
presenting, by the device, a first navigation presentation of a first route to a destination; receiving, by the device, input for selecting a first category of a plurality of categories of points of interest; responsive to the input, presenting one or more points of interest that are near the first route and correspond to the first category; receiving a first selection of a point of interest of the one or more points of interest; and responsive to the first selection, presenting a second route to the selected point of interest. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the one or more points of interest that are near the first route further comprises:
defining a threshold distance from the route; determining that the one or more points of interest are within the threshold distance of the route; and presenting the one or more points of interest. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a search for points of interest of the selected category. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
presenting, on the first navigation presentation, a navigation card in a minimized state, the navigation card including one or more of an estimated arrival time, a time to destination, a distance to destination, and a navigation end control; detecting that the navigation card is expanded to an intermediate state; and in response to the detection, presenting the plurality of categories of points of interest. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
presenting the one or more points of interest on a first map presentation; receiving, by the first map presentation, the first selection of the first point of interest; and presenting the second route to the second point of interest. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second selection of the second route to the selected point of interest; and initiating a second navigation presentation for navigating to the selected point of interest by the second route. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of categories of points of interest include a gas station category, a restaurant category, and a coffee shop category. 8. A device comprising:
one or more processing units; and a non-transitory machine readable medium storing a mapping application for execution by at least one processing unit of the one or more processing units, the mapping application comprising sets of instructions for: presenting, by the device, a first navigation presentation of a first route to a destination; receiving, by the device, input for selecting a first category of a plurality of categories of points of interest; responsive to the input, presenting one or more points of interest that are near the first route and correspond to the first category; receiving a first selection of a point of interest of the one or more points of interest; and responsive to the first selection, presenting a second route to the selected point of interest. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the instructions for presenting the one or more points of interest that are near the first route further comprise sets of instructions for:
defining a threshold distance from the route; determining that the one or more points of interest are within the threshold distance of the route; and presenting the one or more points of interest. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for performing a search for points of interest of the selected category. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for:
presenting, on the first navigation presentation, a navigation card in a minimized state, the navigation card including one or more of an estimated arrival time, a time to destination, a distance to destination, and a navigation end control; detecting that the navigation card is expanded to an intermediate state; and in response to the detection, presenting the plurality of categories of points of interest. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for:
presenting the one or more points of interest on a first map presentation; receiving, by the first map presentation, the first selection of the first point of interest; and presenting the second route to the second point of interest. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving a second selection of the second route to the selected point of interest; and initiating a second navigation presentation for navigating to the selected point of interest by the second route. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of categories of points of interest include a gas station category, a restaurant category, and a coffee shop category. 15. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a mapping application for execution by at least one processing unit, the mapping application comprising sets of instructions for:
presenting, by the device, a first navigation presentation of a first route to a destination; receiving, by the device, input for selecting a first category of a plurality of categories of points of interest; responsive to the input, presenting one or more points of interest that are near the first route and correspond to the first category; receiving a first selection of a point of interest of the one or more points of interest; and responsive to the first selection, presenting a second route to the selected point of interest. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for presenting the one or more points of interest that are near the first route further comprises sets of instructions for:
defining a threshold distance from the route; determining that the one or more points of interest are within the threshold distance of the route; and presenting the one or more points of interest. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for performing a search for points of interest of the selected category. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for:
presenting, on the first navigation presentation, a navigation card in a minimized state, the navigation card including one or more of an estimated arrival time, a time to destination, a distance to destination, and a navigation end control; detecting that the navigation card is expanded to an intermediate state; and in response to the detection, presenting the plurality of categories of points of interest. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for:
presenting the one or more points of interest on a first map presentation; receiving, by the first map presentation, the first selection of the first point of interest; and presenting the second route to the second point of interest. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for:
receiving a second selection of the second route to the selected point of interest; and initiating a second navigation presentation for navigating to the selected point of interest by the second route. | Some embodiments of the invention provide a map application with novel map exploration tools. In some embodiments, the map application executes on a mobile device (e.g., a handheld smartphone, a tablet, etc.) with a touch sensitive screen. The map application of some embodiments has a first display area to display a map of a region, and second and third display areas to display information about items displayed on the map in the first display area. In some embodiments, the second display area slides over the first display area to overlap at least a portion of the first display area. After the second display area slides over the first display area, the third display area in some embodiments slides over the first display area to overlap at least a portion of the first display area. In some embodiments, the second and third display areas slide over the first display area from one side of the first display area. This side is the bottom of the first display area in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the bottom side is expected to be closer to a position for resting the mobile device in a hand of a user than a top side of the first display area. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the second and third display areas slide up from the bottom side of the first display area so that information and/or controls that are provided in these display areas are more accessible for one handed operations (e.g., thumb-based touch operations) of the user as the user hold and interacts with the device with one hand.1. A method performed by a device, the method comprising:
presenting, by the device, a first navigation presentation of a first route to a destination; receiving, by the device, input for selecting a first category of a plurality of categories of points of interest; responsive to the input, presenting one or more points of interest that are near the first route and correspond to the first category; receiving a first selection of a point of interest of the one or more points of interest; and responsive to the first selection, presenting a second route to the selected point of interest. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the one or more points of interest that are near the first route further comprises:
defining a threshold distance from the route; determining that the one or more points of interest are within the threshold distance of the route; and presenting the one or more points of interest. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a search for points of interest of the selected category. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
presenting, on the first navigation presentation, a navigation card in a minimized state, the navigation card including one or more of an estimated arrival time, a time to destination, a distance to destination, and a navigation end control; detecting that the navigation card is expanded to an intermediate state; and in response to the detection, presenting the plurality of categories of points of interest. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
presenting the one or more points of interest on a first map presentation; receiving, by the first map presentation, the first selection of the first point of interest; and presenting the second route to the second point of interest. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second selection of the second route to the selected point of interest; and initiating a second navigation presentation for navigating to the selected point of interest by the second route. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of categories of points of interest include a gas station category, a restaurant category, and a coffee shop category. 8. A device comprising:
one or more processing units; and a non-transitory machine readable medium storing a mapping application for execution by at least one processing unit of the one or more processing units, the mapping application comprising sets of instructions for: presenting, by the device, a first navigation presentation of a first route to a destination; receiving, by the device, input for selecting a first category of a plurality of categories of points of interest; responsive to the input, presenting one or more points of interest that are near the first route and correspond to the first category; receiving a first selection of a point of interest of the one or more points of interest; and responsive to the first selection, presenting a second route to the selected point of interest. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the instructions for presenting the one or more points of interest that are near the first route further comprise sets of instructions for:
defining a threshold distance from the route; determining that the one or more points of interest are within the threshold distance of the route; and presenting the one or more points of interest. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for performing a search for points of interest of the selected category. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for:
presenting, on the first navigation presentation, a navigation card in a minimized state, the navigation card including one or more of an estimated arrival time, a time to destination, a distance to destination, and a navigation end control; detecting that the navigation card is expanded to an intermediate state; and in response to the detection, presenting the plurality of categories of points of interest. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for:
presenting the one or more points of interest on a first map presentation; receiving, by the first map presentation, the first selection of the first point of interest; and presenting the second route to the second point of interest. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the mapping application further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving a second selection of the second route to the selected point of interest; and initiating a second navigation presentation for navigating to the selected point of interest by the second route. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of categories of points of interest include a gas station category, a restaurant category, and a coffee shop category. 15. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a mapping application for execution by at least one processing unit, the mapping application comprising sets of instructions for:
presenting, by the device, a first navigation presentation of a first route to a destination; receiving, by the device, input for selecting a first category of a plurality of categories of points of interest; responsive to the input, presenting one or more points of interest that are near the first route and correspond to the first category; receiving a first selection of a point of interest of the one or more points of interest; and responsive to the first selection, presenting a second route to the selected point of interest. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions for presenting the one or more points of interest that are near the first route further comprises sets of instructions for:
defining a threshold distance from the route; determining that the one or more points of interest are within the threshold distance of the route; and presenting the one or more points of interest. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for performing a search for points of interest of the selected category. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for:
presenting, on the first navigation presentation, a navigation card in a minimized state, the navigation card including one or more of an estimated arrival time, a time to destination, a distance to destination, and a navigation end control; detecting that the navigation card is expanded to an intermediate state; and in response to the detection, presenting the plurality of categories of points of interest. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for:
presenting the one or more points of interest on a first map presentation; receiving, by the first map presentation, the first selection of the first point of interest; and presenting the second route to the second point of interest. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the mapping application further comprises a set of instructions for:
receiving a second selection of the second route to the selected point of interest; and initiating a second navigation presentation for navigating to the selected point of interest by the second route. | 3,700 |
344,208 | 16,803,666 | 3,747 | A pair of universal pliers includes a fixed structure, a movable structure movably connected to the fixed structure and including front and rear movable handle plates, and a quick release mechanism including a trigger and a resilient locking subunit. The resilient locking subunit includes a movable pin inserted through and slidable along a first guide slot of the front movable handle plate and a second guide slot of the rear movable handle plate. The resilient locking subunit is switchable between a locked state where the rear movable handle plate cannot pivot relative to the front movable handle plate and a non-locked state where the rear movable handle plate can pivot relative to the front movable handle plate. | 1. A pair of universal pliers comprising:
a fixed structure extending in a front-rear direction, and including a fixed jaw plate and a fixed handle plate that extends rearward from said fixed jaw plate, said fixed jaw plate having a fixed clamping portion; a movable structure movably connected to said fixed structure, and including
a movable jaw plate that has a movable clamping portion opposite to said fixed clamping portion and forming a clamping hole that is in conjunction with said fixed clamping portion,
a front movable handle plate that is pivotally coupled to and extends rearward from said movable jaw plate, said front movable handle plate having a first guide slot at a rear end thereof, said first guide slot defining a locked segment and a releasing segment at opposite ends thereof, and an intermediate segment between said locked segment and said releasing segment, and
a rear movable handle plate that has a pivoting end pivotally coupled to said front movable handle plate, an grip end opposite to and disposed at a rear side of said pivoting end, and a second guide slot located between said pivoting end and said grip end,
said movable structure being movable relative to said fixed structure between a retaining position where said movable clamping portion is adjacent to said fixed clamping portion, and a releasing position where said movable clamping portion is spaced far from said fixed clamping portion; and
a quick release mechanism including
a trigger that is pivotally coupled to and accessibly protrudes from said front movable handle plate, and
a resilient locking subunit that is operatively connected to said trigger and said movable structure, and that includes
a movable pin inserted through and slidable along said first guide slot and said second guide slot,
a pulling member connected between said movable pin and said trigger, such that the pivot action of said trigger drives said resilient locking subunit to switch between a locked state where said movable pin is located at said locked segment of said first guide slot and where said rear movable handle plate is not permitted to pivot relative to said front movable handle plate, and a non-locked state where said movable pin is located at said intermediate segment of said first guide slot and where said rear movable handle plate is permitted to pivot relative to said front movable handle, and
a resilient member connected between said movable pin and said rear movable handle plate to resiliently bias said resilient locking subunit towards the locked state. 2. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said trigger has a hook slot for retaining said pulling member, a pulling end lower than said hook slot in a top-bottom direction, and a fixing pin hole between said hook slot and said pulling end, said quick releasing mechanism further including a fixing pin that extends through said front movable handle plate and said fixing pin hole to pivotally connect said trigger to said front movable handle plate. 3. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 2, wherein said pulling member of said resilient locking subunit has a first end and an opposite second end connected respectively to two ends of said movable pin, with a section of said pulling member between said first end and said second end being retained in said hook slot. 4. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second guide slot has a first end segment and an opposite second end segment, said movable pin is adjacent to said first end segment when said resilient locking subunit is in said locked state, and said movable pin is adjacent to said second end segment when said resilient locking subunit is switched to said non-locked state. 5. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resilient member has a connecting end mounted to said movable pin and an opposite hook end, said rear movable handle plate having a rear handle pivot hole and a bar hook respectively at said pivoting end and said grip end, said movable structure further including a pivot pin extending through said front movable handle plate and said rear handle pivot hole to pivotally connect said rear movable handle plate to said front movable handle plate, said bar hook engaging said hook end of said resilient member. 6. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 5, wherein said rear movable handle plate is pivotable relative to said front movable handle plate about said pivot pin when said resilient locking subunit is switched to said non-locked state. 7. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a linkage mechanism which includes
a linkage bar pivotally coupled to said front movable handle plate, and having a stop edge for abutting against said rear movable handle when said movable structure is in said retaining position, and a tension spring connected between said movable jaw plate and said fixed handle plate, said tension spring is resiliently stretched when said movable structure is in said retaining position, said rear movable handle plate being pivotable relative to said front movable handle plate to drive said linkage bar and said movable jaw plate to pivot when said resilient locking subunit is switched to said non-locked state to thereby move said movable structure to the releasing position under a restoring force of said tension spring. 8. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 2, wherein said front movable handle plate further has a connecting hole, said fixing pin extending through said connecting hole and said trigger to pivotally connecting said trigger to said front movable handle plate. 9. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said releasing segment of said first guide slot is in front of said locked segment in the front-rear direction and higher than said locked segment in a top-bottom direction. | A pair of universal pliers includes a fixed structure, a movable structure movably connected to the fixed structure and including front and rear movable handle plates, and a quick release mechanism including a trigger and a resilient locking subunit. The resilient locking subunit includes a movable pin inserted through and slidable along a first guide slot of the front movable handle plate and a second guide slot of the rear movable handle plate. The resilient locking subunit is switchable between a locked state where the rear movable handle plate cannot pivot relative to the front movable handle plate and a non-locked state where the rear movable handle plate can pivot relative to the front movable handle plate.1. A pair of universal pliers comprising:
a fixed structure extending in a front-rear direction, and including a fixed jaw plate and a fixed handle plate that extends rearward from said fixed jaw plate, said fixed jaw plate having a fixed clamping portion; a movable structure movably connected to said fixed structure, and including
a movable jaw plate that has a movable clamping portion opposite to said fixed clamping portion and forming a clamping hole that is in conjunction with said fixed clamping portion,
a front movable handle plate that is pivotally coupled to and extends rearward from said movable jaw plate, said front movable handle plate having a first guide slot at a rear end thereof, said first guide slot defining a locked segment and a releasing segment at opposite ends thereof, and an intermediate segment between said locked segment and said releasing segment, and
a rear movable handle plate that has a pivoting end pivotally coupled to said front movable handle plate, an grip end opposite to and disposed at a rear side of said pivoting end, and a second guide slot located between said pivoting end and said grip end,
said movable structure being movable relative to said fixed structure between a retaining position where said movable clamping portion is adjacent to said fixed clamping portion, and a releasing position where said movable clamping portion is spaced far from said fixed clamping portion; and
a quick release mechanism including
a trigger that is pivotally coupled to and accessibly protrudes from said front movable handle plate, and
a resilient locking subunit that is operatively connected to said trigger and said movable structure, and that includes
a movable pin inserted through and slidable along said first guide slot and said second guide slot,
a pulling member connected between said movable pin and said trigger, such that the pivot action of said trigger drives said resilient locking subunit to switch between a locked state where said movable pin is located at said locked segment of said first guide slot and where said rear movable handle plate is not permitted to pivot relative to said front movable handle plate, and a non-locked state where said movable pin is located at said intermediate segment of said first guide slot and where said rear movable handle plate is permitted to pivot relative to said front movable handle, and
a resilient member connected between said movable pin and said rear movable handle plate to resiliently bias said resilient locking subunit towards the locked state. 2. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said trigger has a hook slot for retaining said pulling member, a pulling end lower than said hook slot in a top-bottom direction, and a fixing pin hole between said hook slot and said pulling end, said quick releasing mechanism further including a fixing pin that extends through said front movable handle plate and said fixing pin hole to pivotally connect said trigger to said front movable handle plate. 3. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 2, wherein said pulling member of said resilient locking subunit has a first end and an opposite second end connected respectively to two ends of said movable pin, with a section of said pulling member between said first end and said second end being retained in said hook slot. 4. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second guide slot has a first end segment and an opposite second end segment, said movable pin is adjacent to said first end segment when said resilient locking subunit is in said locked state, and said movable pin is adjacent to said second end segment when said resilient locking subunit is switched to said non-locked state. 5. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resilient member has a connecting end mounted to said movable pin and an opposite hook end, said rear movable handle plate having a rear handle pivot hole and a bar hook respectively at said pivoting end and said grip end, said movable structure further including a pivot pin extending through said front movable handle plate and said rear handle pivot hole to pivotally connect said rear movable handle plate to said front movable handle plate, said bar hook engaging said hook end of said resilient member. 6. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 5, wherein said rear movable handle plate is pivotable relative to said front movable handle plate about said pivot pin when said resilient locking subunit is switched to said non-locked state. 7. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a linkage mechanism which includes
a linkage bar pivotally coupled to said front movable handle plate, and having a stop edge for abutting against said rear movable handle when said movable structure is in said retaining position, and a tension spring connected between said movable jaw plate and said fixed handle plate, said tension spring is resiliently stretched when said movable structure is in said retaining position, said rear movable handle plate being pivotable relative to said front movable handle plate to drive said linkage bar and said movable jaw plate to pivot when said resilient locking subunit is switched to said non-locked state to thereby move said movable structure to the releasing position under a restoring force of said tension spring. 8. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 2, wherein said front movable handle plate further has a connecting hole, said fixing pin extending through said connecting hole and said trigger to pivotally connecting said trigger to said front movable handle plate. 9. The universal pliers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said releasing segment of said first guide slot is in front of said locked segment in the front-rear direction and higher than said locked segment in a top-bottom direction. | 3,700 |
344,209 | 16,803,683 | 3,747 | A hitting aid and method of use to improve a baseball/softball players batting swing and swinging path. The proper bat swing path is characterized by placing the round barrel part of the bat level to the round ball to strike the ball in a solid manner. The method of use, comprises of slipping on a vertical pad or pads with various colors and adjusting the pad to the desired handle and or barrel positions. While swinging at a ball the hitter is always keeping the vertical pads in the upright vertical position, automatically forcing the round bat to strike the round ball squarely through the pre-impact, impact, and post impact palms up positions that are required for solid zone striking contact for any kind of pitch or location, thus eliminating arm and wrist rolling over or under the ball. | 1. A vertical hitting training tool provided for hitting comprising of: one or two high tear resistant stretchable foam pads with of various shapes, colors or sizes that encircles and hugs tightly a said player's wood, metal, composite, plastic baseball/softball bat/stick, and designed with a slit or hole or diamond opening completely through the middle of the foam slipped over the knob of the said bat encircling and hugging anywhere along the length of the player's bat including the handle and barrel of said bat or stick. 2. Said vertical hitting training tool in claim 1, pad or pads encircling and hugging the bat can be adjusted to desired positions along the handle and barrel prior to player's “sweet spot” practice swings including; dry swings, tee ball, toss machine etc. Keeping said predetermined vertical positions of the vertical pads with various colors, vertical, throughout pre impact, impact, and post impact positions aid the player/hitter to accomplish the proper swing path. 3. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 1, when said player/hitter keeps the colored vertical pads vertical swing-after-swing while training day after day he/or she trains their brains and muscles to respond automatically throughout the complete impact swinging zone no matter the location of the pitch. Said vertical pads kept vertical while encircling the bat handle and or barrel places the player/hitter in the correct arm and palms up position that is desired to accomplish a proper swing path for any pitch or location producing solid ball contact thus increasing hitting successes, including increased batting averages, runs batted in and Home Runs. 4. Baseball/softball vertical hitting training tool in claim 1 slipped on a baseball or softball bat comprising; a three dimensional rectangle foam pad with rounded or square corners with various colors ranging from 5″-10″ in length by 3″-10″ wide by ¼″-5″ depth with a 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole in the center of the vertical pad. wherein said pad and 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole go hand in hand. 5. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 4 said 1″-3″ slit opening centered in the said foam pad having means for slipping onto, encircling and hugging said handle and barrel of said bat. 6. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 4 said 1″-3″ hole centered in the said foam pad having means for slipping onto, encircling and hugging said handle and barrel of said bat. 7. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 1 said means for attaching said vertical foam pad of various colors to said bat is a 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole where by the complete colored vertical pad encircles the bat knob, handle, and or barrel by way of the 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole to any point on handle or barrel of the bat. 8. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 3 by said player/hitter while dry swinging, hitting balls from a batting tee or toss machine and is not keeping the colored vertical pads vertical throughout the impact swinging zone will allow hitter to see colored pads rolling over or slipping under the said ball causing ground outs and pop ups and in turn this will teach said player/hitter to self correct on future practice swings keeping colored vertical pad or pads vertical accomplishing the proper swing path and increasing solid ball contact. 9. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 3, when said player/hitter keeps the colored vertical pads vertical swing-after-swing while training day after day he/or she trains their brains and muscles to respond automatically while participating in future practices and games when their vertical pads aren't on their bat's. | A hitting aid and method of use to improve a baseball/softball players batting swing and swinging path. The proper bat swing path is characterized by placing the round barrel part of the bat level to the round ball to strike the ball in a solid manner. The method of use, comprises of slipping on a vertical pad or pads with various colors and adjusting the pad to the desired handle and or barrel positions. While swinging at a ball the hitter is always keeping the vertical pads in the upright vertical position, automatically forcing the round bat to strike the round ball squarely through the pre-impact, impact, and post impact palms up positions that are required for solid zone striking contact for any kind of pitch or location, thus eliminating arm and wrist rolling over or under the ball.1. A vertical hitting training tool provided for hitting comprising of: one or two high tear resistant stretchable foam pads with of various shapes, colors or sizes that encircles and hugs tightly a said player's wood, metal, composite, plastic baseball/softball bat/stick, and designed with a slit or hole or diamond opening completely through the middle of the foam slipped over the knob of the said bat encircling and hugging anywhere along the length of the player's bat including the handle and barrel of said bat or stick. 2. Said vertical hitting training tool in claim 1, pad or pads encircling and hugging the bat can be adjusted to desired positions along the handle and barrel prior to player's “sweet spot” practice swings including; dry swings, tee ball, toss machine etc. Keeping said predetermined vertical positions of the vertical pads with various colors, vertical, throughout pre impact, impact, and post impact positions aid the player/hitter to accomplish the proper swing path. 3. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 1, when said player/hitter keeps the colored vertical pads vertical swing-after-swing while training day after day he/or she trains their brains and muscles to respond automatically throughout the complete impact swinging zone no matter the location of the pitch. Said vertical pads kept vertical while encircling the bat handle and or barrel places the player/hitter in the correct arm and palms up position that is desired to accomplish a proper swing path for any pitch or location producing solid ball contact thus increasing hitting successes, including increased batting averages, runs batted in and Home Runs. 4. Baseball/softball vertical hitting training tool in claim 1 slipped on a baseball or softball bat comprising; a three dimensional rectangle foam pad with rounded or square corners with various colors ranging from 5″-10″ in length by 3″-10″ wide by ¼″-5″ depth with a 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole in the center of the vertical pad. wherein said pad and 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole go hand in hand. 5. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 4 said 1″-3″ slit opening centered in the said foam pad having means for slipping onto, encircling and hugging said handle and barrel of said bat. 6. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 4 said 1″-3″ hole centered in the said foam pad having means for slipping onto, encircling and hugging said handle and barrel of said bat. 7. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 1 said means for attaching said vertical foam pad of various colors to said bat is a 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole where by the complete colored vertical pad encircles the bat knob, handle, and or barrel by way of the 1″-3″ slit or 1″-3″ hole to any point on handle or barrel of the bat. 8. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 3 by said player/hitter while dry swinging, hitting balls from a batting tee or toss machine and is not keeping the colored vertical pads vertical throughout the impact swinging zone will allow hitter to see colored pads rolling over or slipping under the said ball causing ground outs and pop ups and in turn this will teach said player/hitter to self correct on future practice swings keeping colored vertical pad or pads vertical accomplishing the proper swing path and increasing solid ball contact. 9. Wherein vertical hitting training tool in claim 3, when said player/hitter keeps the colored vertical pads vertical swing-after-swing while training day after day he/or she trains their brains and muscles to respond automatically while participating in future practices and games when their vertical pads aren't on their bat's. | 3,700 |
344,210 | 16,803,686 | 3,747 | A portable neutron generating system for SNM inspection that includes charge storage device configured to store a high voltage electrical charge and a controller to selectively electrically connect the charge to a plasma generator. The plasma generator is configured to generate a plasma, which in turn generates neutrons, in response to the electrical charge being provided to the plasma generator. A high voltage switch is located between the charge storage device and the plasma generator and is configured to electrically discharge the high voltage charge on the charge storage device to the plasma generator. The plasma generator is removably attachable to the portable neutron generating system such that it may be easily removed from the portable neutron generating system when the gas inside the plasma generator is at end of life and a refreshed plasma generator easily connected to the portable neutron generating system. | 1. A neutron generating system for SNM inspection comprising:
a charge storage device configured to store an electrical charge; a plasma generator configured to generate a plasma, which in turn generates neutrons, in response to an electrical charge being provided to the plasma generator; a controller configured to generate an activation signal; and a high voltage switch, having a first terminal connected to the charge storage device and a second terminal connected to the plasma generator, the high voltage switch, responsive to the activation signal from the controller, electrically connect the first terminal to the second terminal to transfer the electrical charge to the plasma generator, wherein the neutron generating system is portable. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the charge storage device comprises one or more capacitors. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the high voltage switch comprises a thyratron type switch. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the controller comprises a processor and a memory configured with non-transitory processor executable code. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the plasma generator comprises a dense plasma focus device. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the plasma generator is detachable from the neutron generating system and the neutron generating system is configured to accept a refreshed plasma generator. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a battery pack configured to store electrical charge and provide the electrical charge to the charge storage device. 8. A method for generating neutrons for SNM inspection comprising:
installing a refreshed plasma generator in a neutron generating system; moving the neutron generating system near an item to be interrogated for nuclear material; charging a charge storage device of the neutron generating system with an electrical charge from a power source; receiving a control signal via a user interface to activate the neutron generating system; responsive to the control signal, switching the electrical charge from the charge storage device to the plasma generator; the plasma generator, responsive to the electrical charge, generating a plasma which emits neutrons that are directed toward the SNM; and monitoring for gamma rays from the item with a gamma ray detector. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the power source is one of the following: battery, grid power, chemical reaction electrical generator, or generator. 10. The method of claim 8 wherein a refreshed plasma generator has used gas replaced with new gas. 11. The method of claim 8 wherein switching is performed by a high voltage thyratron switch. 12. The method of claim 8 wherein the plasma generator, after a certain number of uses, is removeable from the neutron generating system allowing a refreshed plasma generator to be installed on the neutron generating system. 13. The method of claim 8 wherein the neutron generating system weighs less than 60 pounds. 14. A portable neutron generation system for SNM inspection comprising:
a charge storage device configured to receive electrical current store a high voltage electrical charge; a user interface configured to receive user input from a user, the input including at least activation of the neutron generation system; a controller configured to receive the user input and the control operation of the neutron generation system responsive to the user input; a plasma generator chamber containing a gas and also including an anode terminal and a cathode terminal, the plasma generator chamber removably attached to the neutron generation system and is configured to generate a plasma, which in turn generates neutrons, in response to an electrical charge from the charge storage device being provided to the plasma generator; and a high voltage switch electrically connected to the plasma generator and the charge storage device. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the charge storage device comprises one or more capacitors. 16. The system of claim 14 wherein the high voltage switch comprises a thyratron high voltage switch. 17. The system of claim 14 wherein the controller comprises either a processor and a memory configured with non-transitory processor executable code, control logic, or both. 18. The system of claim 14 wherein the gas is deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture. 19. The system of claim 14 wherein the plasma generator is detachable from the neutron generating system and the neutron generating system is configured to accept a refreshed plasma generator. 20. The system of claim 14 further comprising a battery pack configured to store electrical charge and provide the electrical charge to the charge storage device. | A portable neutron generating system for SNM inspection that includes charge storage device configured to store a high voltage electrical charge and a controller to selectively electrically connect the charge to a plasma generator. The plasma generator is configured to generate a plasma, which in turn generates neutrons, in response to the electrical charge being provided to the plasma generator. A high voltage switch is located between the charge storage device and the plasma generator and is configured to electrically discharge the high voltage charge on the charge storage device to the plasma generator. The plasma generator is removably attachable to the portable neutron generating system such that it may be easily removed from the portable neutron generating system when the gas inside the plasma generator is at end of life and a refreshed plasma generator easily connected to the portable neutron generating system.1. A neutron generating system for SNM inspection comprising:
a charge storage device configured to store an electrical charge; a plasma generator configured to generate a plasma, which in turn generates neutrons, in response to an electrical charge being provided to the plasma generator; a controller configured to generate an activation signal; and a high voltage switch, having a first terminal connected to the charge storage device and a second terminal connected to the plasma generator, the high voltage switch, responsive to the activation signal from the controller, electrically connect the first terminal to the second terminal to transfer the electrical charge to the plasma generator, wherein the neutron generating system is portable. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the charge storage device comprises one or more capacitors. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the high voltage switch comprises a thyratron type switch. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the controller comprises a processor and a memory configured with non-transitory processor executable code. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the plasma generator comprises a dense plasma focus device. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the plasma generator is detachable from the neutron generating system and the neutron generating system is configured to accept a refreshed plasma generator. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a battery pack configured to store electrical charge and provide the electrical charge to the charge storage device. 8. A method for generating neutrons for SNM inspection comprising:
installing a refreshed plasma generator in a neutron generating system; moving the neutron generating system near an item to be interrogated for nuclear material; charging a charge storage device of the neutron generating system with an electrical charge from a power source; receiving a control signal via a user interface to activate the neutron generating system; responsive to the control signal, switching the electrical charge from the charge storage device to the plasma generator; the plasma generator, responsive to the electrical charge, generating a plasma which emits neutrons that are directed toward the SNM; and monitoring for gamma rays from the item with a gamma ray detector. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the power source is one of the following: battery, grid power, chemical reaction electrical generator, or generator. 10. The method of claim 8 wherein a refreshed plasma generator has used gas replaced with new gas. 11. The method of claim 8 wherein switching is performed by a high voltage thyratron switch. 12. The method of claim 8 wherein the plasma generator, after a certain number of uses, is removeable from the neutron generating system allowing a refreshed plasma generator to be installed on the neutron generating system. 13. The method of claim 8 wherein the neutron generating system weighs less than 60 pounds. 14. A portable neutron generation system for SNM inspection comprising:
a charge storage device configured to receive electrical current store a high voltage electrical charge; a user interface configured to receive user input from a user, the input including at least activation of the neutron generation system; a controller configured to receive the user input and the control operation of the neutron generation system responsive to the user input; a plasma generator chamber containing a gas and also including an anode terminal and a cathode terminal, the plasma generator chamber removably attached to the neutron generation system and is configured to generate a plasma, which in turn generates neutrons, in response to an electrical charge from the charge storage device being provided to the plasma generator; and a high voltage switch electrically connected to the plasma generator and the charge storage device. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the charge storage device comprises one or more capacitors. 16. The system of claim 14 wherein the high voltage switch comprises a thyratron high voltage switch. 17. The system of claim 14 wherein the controller comprises either a processor and a memory configured with non-transitory processor executable code, control logic, or both. 18. The system of claim 14 wherein the gas is deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture. 19. The system of claim 14 wherein the plasma generator is detachable from the neutron generating system and the neutron generating system is configured to accept a refreshed plasma generator. 20. The system of claim 14 further comprising a battery pack configured to store electrical charge and provide the electrical charge to the charge storage device. | 3,700 |
344,211 | 16,803,642 | 3,747 | Provided is an eyeglass lens having a hard layer on a lens substrate and a pattern layer having a laminate structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated on the hard layer, wherein the pattern layer includes: a metal oxide layer laminated directly on a surface of the hard layer; a metal layer; and a metal oxide layer located at the uppermost surface of the pattern layer. | 1. An eyeglass lens,
having a hard layer on a lens substrate, and having a pattern layer having a laminated structure in which a plurality of layers is laminated on the hard layer, wherein the pattern layer includes a metal oxide layer directly laminated on a surface of the hard layer, a metal layer, and a metal oxide layer located on an uppermost surface of the pattern layer. 2. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the pattern layer is configured of a metal oxide layer directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer, a metal layer directly laminated on a surface of the metal oxide layer, and a metal oxide directly laminated on a surface of the metal layer. 3. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the metal layer is a metal layer selected from the group consisting of a chromium layer, a molybdenum layer, a tungsten layer, an iron layer, a cobalt layer, a nickel layer, a copper layer, a silver layer, and a gold layer. 4. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the metal oxide layer directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer is a metal oxide layer selected from the group consisting of a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a cerium oxide layer, a chromium oxide layer, a molybdenum oxide layer, a tungsten oxide layer, a zirconium oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, a niobium oxide layer, a tin oxide layer, and a tantalum oxide layer. 5. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the metal oxide layer directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer is in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm. 6. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the metal oxide layer located on the uppermost surface of the pattern layer is a metal oxide layer selected from the group consisting of a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a cerium oxide layer, a chromium oxide layer, a molybdenum oxide layer, a tungsten oxide layer, a zirconium oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, a niobium oxide layer, a tin oxide layer, and a tantalum oxide layer. 7. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the metal oxide layer located on the uppermost surface of the pattern layer is in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm. 8. An eyeglass comprising the eyeglass lens according to claim 1. 9. A method for producing an eyeglass lens,
wherein the eyeglass lens is the eyeglass lens according to claim 1, and the method including forming a resist pattern on a surface of a hard layer provided on a lens substrate, and forming a continuous layer having a laminated structure on a surface of the hard layer on which the resist pattern has been formed, the continuous layer having the laminated structure including a continuous layer of a metal oxide directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer on which the resist pattern has been formed, a continuous layer of a metal, and a continuous layer of a metal oxide located on the uppermost surface of the continuous laminated structure, and further including forming the pattern layer by removing the resist pattern after the formation of the continuous layer having the laminated structure, thereby peeling off a portion of the continuous layer having the laminated structure that has been formed on the resist pattern. 10. The method for producing an eyeglass lens according to claim 9,
wherein removing the resist pattern includes physical peeling. 11. The method of producing an eyeglass lens according to claim 9, including performing ion cleaning with oxygen ions on the surface of the hard layer on which the pattern layer has been formed. | Provided is an eyeglass lens having a hard layer on a lens substrate and a pattern layer having a laminate structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated on the hard layer, wherein the pattern layer includes: a metal oxide layer laminated directly on a surface of the hard layer; a metal layer; and a metal oxide layer located at the uppermost surface of the pattern layer.1. An eyeglass lens,
having a hard layer on a lens substrate, and having a pattern layer having a laminated structure in which a plurality of layers is laminated on the hard layer, wherein the pattern layer includes a metal oxide layer directly laminated on a surface of the hard layer, a metal layer, and a metal oxide layer located on an uppermost surface of the pattern layer. 2. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the pattern layer is configured of a metal oxide layer directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer, a metal layer directly laminated on a surface of the metal oxide layer, and a metal oxide directly laminated on a surface of the metal layer. 3. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the metal layer is a metal layer selected from the group consisting of a chromium layer, a molybdenum layer, a tungsten layer, an iron layer, a cobalt layer, a nickel layer, a copper layer, a silver layer, and a gold layer. 4. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the metal oxide layer directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer is a metal oxide layer selected from the group consisting of a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a cerium oxide layer, a chromium oxide layer, a molybdenum oxide layer, a tungsten oxide layer, a zirconium oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, a niobium oxide layer, a tin oxide layer, and a tantalum oxide layer. 5. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the metal oxide layer directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer is in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm. 6. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein the metal oxide layer located on the uppermost surface of the pattern layer is a metal oxide layer selected from the group consisting of a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a cerium oxide layer, a chromium oxide layer, a molybdenum oxide layer, a tungsten oxide layer, a zirconium oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, a niobium oxide layer, a tin oxide layer, and a tantalum oxide layer. 7. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the metal oxide layer located on the uppermost surface of the pattern layer is in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm. 8. An eyeglass comprising the eyeglass lens according to claim 1. 9. A method for producing an eyeglass lens,
wherein the eyeglass lens is the eyeglass lens according to claim 1, and the method including forming a resist pattern on a surface of a hard layer provided on a lens substrate, and forming a continuous layer having a laminated structure on a surface of the hard layer on which the resist pattern has been formed, the continuous layer having the laminated structure including a continuous layer of a metal oxide directly laminated on the surface of the hard layer on which the resist pattern has been formed, a continuous layer of a metal, and a continuous layer of a metal oxide located on the uppermost surface of the continuous laminated structure, and further including forming the pattern layer by removing the resist pattern after the formation of the continuous layer having the laminated structure, thereby peeling off a portion of the continuous layer having the laminated structure that has been formed on the resist pattern. 10. The method for producing an eyeglass lens according to claim 9,
wherein removing the resist pattern includes physical peeling. 11. The method of producing an eyeglass lens according to claim 9, including performing ion cleaning with oxygen ions on the surface of the hard layer on which the pattern layer has been formed. | 3,700 |
344,212 | 16,803,657 | 3,747 | Multiple electronic devices may be used together in a system. The electronic devices may use sensor measurements and other information to detect when an edge of a first electronic device is adjacent to an edge of a second electronic device. In response to detection of adjacency between the edges of the first and second devices, the devices may transition from an independent operating mode in which each device operates separately to a joint operating mode in which resources of the devices are shared. In the joint operating mode, images may extend across displays in the devices, speakers in the devices may be used to play different channels of an audio track, cameras and other sensors may be used in cooperation with each other, and other resources may be shared. Magnetic components may hold devices together in a variety of orientations. | 1. A system, comprising:
a first electronic device having first control circuitry and a touch-sensitive display that receives touch input; and a second electronic device having second control circuitry and a display that is not touch-sensitive, wherein:
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within a given distance of one another;
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry are configured to operate the first and second electronic devices in a joint operating mode when the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another; and
in the joint operating mode, the touch input received by the touch-sensitive display is used to control the second electronic device. 2. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first display displays first content and the second display displays second content that is different from the first content. 3. The system defined in claim 2 wherein the second control circuitry comprises graphics circuitry that renders the first content displayed by the first display. 4. The system defined in claim 2 wherein the second content comprises an array of selectable icons. 5. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first electronic device comprises a sensor that is used to control screen brightness of the second display. 6. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first electronic device comprises a tablet computer and the second electronic device comprises a laptop computer. 7. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first electronic device comprises a tablet computer and the second electronic device comprises a desktop computer. 8. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry exchange wireless communication signals to determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another. 9. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the touch input is used to drag content on the first display to the second display. 10. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first display displays an image editing application associated with the second electronic device. 11. A system, comprising:
a first electronic device having first control circuitry, a first display, and a keyboard that receives keyboard input; and a second electronic device having second control circuitry and a second display, wherein:
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within a given distance of one another;
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry are configured to operate the first and second electronic devices in a joint operating mode when the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another; and
in the joint operating mode, the keyboard input is used to control the second electronic device. 12. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the first display displays first content and the second display displays second content that is different from the first content. 13. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the keyboard input is used to adjust the second content on the second display. 14. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the keyboard is a virtual keyboard displayed by the first display. 15. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry exchange wireless communication signals to determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another. 16. A system, comprising:
a first electronic device having first control circuitry and a first display that receives stylus input; and a second electronic device having second control circuitry and a second display, wherein:
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within a given distance of one another;
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry are configured to operate the first and second electronic devices in a joint operating mode when the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another; and
in the joint operating mode, the stylus input is used to control the second display. 17. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the first electronic device is a tablet computer. 18. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry exchange wireless communication signals to determine whether the first electronic device and the second electronic device are within the given distance of one another. 19. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the first display displays first content and the second display displays second content that is different from the first content. 20. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the second control circuitry comprises graphics circuitry that renders the first content displayed by the first display. | Multiple electronic devices may be used together in a system. The electronic devices may use sensor measurements and other information to detect when an edge of a first electronic device is adjacent to an edge of a second electronic device. In response to detection of adjacency between the edges of the first and second devices, the devices may transition from an independent operating mode in which each device operates separately to a joint operating mode in which resources of the devices are shared. In the joint operating mode, images may extend across displays in the devices, speakers in the devices may be used to play different channels of an audio track, cameras and other sensors may be used in cooperation with each other, and other resources may be shared. Magnetic components may hold devices together in a variety of orientations.1. A system, comprising:
a first electronic device having first control circuitry and a touch-sensitive display that receives touch input; and a second electronic device having second control circuitry and a display that is not touch-sensitive, wherein:
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within a given distance of one another;
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry are configured to operate the first and second electronic devices in a joint operating mode when the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another; and
in the joint operating mode, the touch input received by the touch-sensitive display is used to control the second electronic device. 2. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first display displays first content and the second display displays second content that is different from the first content. 3. The system defined in claim 2 wherein the second control circuitry comprises graphics circuitry that renders the first content displayed by the first display. 4. The system defined in claim 2 wherein the second content comprises an array of selectable icons. 5. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first electronic device comprises a sensor that is used to control screen brightness of the second display. 6. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first electronic device comprises a tablet computer and the second electronic device comprises a laptop computer. 7. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first electronic device comprises a tablet computer and the second electronic device comprises a desktop computer. 8. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry exchange wireless communication signals to determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another. 9. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the touch input is used to drag content on the first display to the second display. 10. The system defined in claim 1 wherein the first display displays an image editing application associated with the second electronic device. 11. A system, comprising:
a first electronic device having first control circuitry, a first display, and a keyboard that receives keyboard input; and a second electronic device having second control circuitry and a second display, wherein:
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within a given distance of one another;
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry are configured to operate the first and second electronic devices in a joint operating mode when the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another; and
in the joint operating mode, the keyboard input is used to control the second electronic device. 12. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the first display displays first content and the second display displays second content that is different from the first content. 13. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the keyboard input is used to adjust the second content on the second display. 14. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the keyboard is a virtual keyboard displayed by the first display. 15. The system defined in claim 11 wherein the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry exchange wireless communication signals to determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another. 16. A system, comprising:
a first electronic device having first control circuitry and a first display that receives stylus input; and a second electronic device having second control circuitry and a second display, wherein:
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry determine whether the first and second electronic devices are within a given distance of one another;
the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry are configured to operate the first and second electronic devices in a joint operating mode when the first and second electronic devices are within the given distance of one another; and
in the joint operating mode, the stylus input is used to control the second display. 17. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the first electronic device is a tablet computer. 18. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the first control circuitry and the second control circuitry exchange wireless communication signals to determine whether the first electronic device and the second electronic device are within the given distance of one another. 19. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the first display displays first content and the second display displays second content that is different from the first content. 20. The system defined in claim 16 wherein the second control circuitry comprises graphics circuitry that renders the first content displayed by the first display. | 3,700 |
344,213 | 16,803,707 | 3,747 | Disclosed herein is an aquatic towable device comprising a body, a towline connector, a rudder fin, and a steering apparatus. The towline connector is placed at one end of the body and above a waterline of the body when the device is occupied by a passenger. The rudder fin is attached pivotably to an underside of the body and placed toward the towline connector and positioned so at least part of the rudder fin will be underwater when the device is occupied by a passenger. The steering apparatus is attached to the rudder fin that pivots the rudder fin and is accessible from a top side of the body. | 1. An aquatic towable device comprising:
a body; a towline connector placed at one end of the body and above a waterline of the body when the device is occupied by a passenger; a rudder fin attached pivotably to an underside of the body and placed toward the towline connector and positioned so at least part of the rudder fin will be underwater when the device is occupied by a passenger; and a steering apparatus attached to the rudder fin that pivots the rudder fin and is accessible from a top side of the body. 2. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the body is elongate. 3. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the body is inflatable. 4. The aquatic towable device of claim 3, wherein the body comprises a depression. 5. The aquatic towable device of claim 4, wherein the body depression is sized to accommodate a passenger. 6. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the rudder fin is attached to the body on a center line from the towline connector in the body's bow to a center point at the body's stern. 7. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the steering apparatus comprises a steering wheel. 8. The aquatic towable device of claim 6, wherein the device further comprises a second rudder fin. 9. The aquatic towable device of claim 8, wherein the two rudder fins are placed on an underside of the body and spaced laterally and symmetrically from the centerline of the body. 10. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the device has a fin placed along the centerline of its body between the center and the stern of the body. 11. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the device has at least two fins placed symmetrically from the centerline its body and both fins being placed between the center and the stern of the body. 12. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the rudder fin has a shape of a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a parallelogram, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a trapezium, a triangle, a rhombus, or a combination thereof. 13. The aquatic towable device of claim 12, wherein the rudder fin is positioned substantially vertically with respect to the underside of the body. 14. A method of steering the aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the aquatic towable device is being towed by a boat with the towline through water, wherein a passenger in the aquatic towable device turns the steering apparatus to move the rudder fin to steer the device in a first direction. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the passenger in the aquatic towable device turns the steering apparatus in the opposite direction to move the rudder fin in the opposite direction and steer the device in a second direction. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising the passenger in the aquatic towable device maintaining the steering apparatus and the rudder device in a plane along the midline of the device to maintain the device in a straight path. | Disclosed herein is an aquatic towable device comprising a body, a towline connector, a rudder fin, and a steering apparatus. The towline connector is placed at one end of the body and above a waterline of the body when the device is occupied by a passenger. The rudder fin is attached pivotably to an underside of the body and placed toward the towline connector and positioned so at least part of the rudder fin will be underwater when the device is occupied by a passenger. The steering apparatus is attached to the rudder fin that pivots the rudder fin and is accessible from a top side of the body.1. An aquatic towable device comprising:
a body; a towline connector placed at one end of the body and above a waterline of the body when the device is occupied by a passenger; a rudder fin attached pivotably to an underside of the body and placed toward the towline connector and positioned so at least part of the rudder fin will be underwater when the device is occupied by a passenger; and a steering apparatus attached to the rudder fin that pivots the rudder fin and is accessible from a top side of the body. 2. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the body is elongate. 3. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the body is inflatable. 4. The aquatic towable device of claim 3, wherein the body comprises a depression. 5. The aquatic towable device of claim 4, wherein the body depression is sized to accommodate a passenger. 6. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the rudder fin is attached to the body on a center line from the towline connector in the body's bow to a center point at the body's stern. 7. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the steering apparatus comprises a steering wheel. 8. The aquatic towable device of claim 6, wherein the device further comprises a second rudder fin. 9. The aquatic towable device of claim 8, wherein the two rudder fins are placed on an underside of the body and spaced laterally and symmetrically from the centerline of the body. 10. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the device has a fin placed along the centerline of its body between the center and the stern of the body. 11. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the device has at least two fins placed symmetrically from the centerline its body and both fins being placed between the center and the stern of the body. 12. The aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the rudder fin has a shape of a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a parallelogram, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a trapezium, a triangle, a rhombus, or a combination thereof. 13. The aquatic towable device of claim 12, wherein the rudder fin is positioned substantially vertically with respect to the underside of the body. 14. A method of steering the aquatic towable device of claim 1, wherein the aquatic towable device is being towed by a boat with the towline through water, wherein a passenger in the aquatic towable device turns the steering apparatus to move the rudder fin to steer the device in a first direction. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the passenger in the aquatic towable device turns the steering apparatus in the opposite direction to move the rudder fin in the opposite direction and steer the device in a second direction. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising the passenger in the aquatic towable device maintaining the steering apparatus and the rudder device in a plane along the midline of the device to maintain the device in a straight path. | 3,700 |
344,214 | 16,803,644 | 3,747 | Techniques relating to training a model for detecting that a vehicle is likely to perform a cut-in maneuver are described. Computing device(s) can receive log data associated with vehicles in an environment and can detect an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle. In an example, the computing device(s) can generate training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; determining a period of time associated with the event; accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time; generating training data based at least in part on converting the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time into a top-down representation of the environment; inputting the training data into a model; determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver; determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference; and transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 2. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the log data comprises raw sensor data and a downstream output determined based at least in part on the raw sensor data, wherein the downstream output comprises perception data, prediction data, or planner data. 3. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 4. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 5. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment;
detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle;
generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment;
inputting the training data into a model; and
transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 6. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event; and
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 7. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 8. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 9. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver;
determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 10. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 11. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 12. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. 13. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment; and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event;
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 15 recites, wherein determining the period of time is based on at least one of a change in a position of the vehicle or a velocity of the vehicle. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a difference between an output of the model and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. | Techniques relating to training a model for detecting that a vehicle is likely to perform a cut-in maneuver are described. Computing device(s) can receive log data associated with vehicles in an environment and can detect an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle. In an example, the computing device(s) can generate training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver.1. A method comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; determining a period of time associated with the event; accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time; generating training data based at least in part on converting the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time into a top-down representation of the environment; inputting the training data into a model; determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver; determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference; and transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 2. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the log data comprises raw sensor data and a downstream output determined based at least in part on the raw sensor data, wherein the downstream output comprises perception data, prediction data, or planner data. 3. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 4. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 5. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment;
detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle;
generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment;
inputting the training data into a model; and
transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 6. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event; and
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 7. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 8. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 9. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver;
determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 10. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 11. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 12. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. 13. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment; and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event;
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 15 recites, wherein determining the period of time is based on at least one of a change in a position of the vehicle or a velocity of the vehicle. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a difference between an output of the model and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. | 3,700 |
344,215 | 16,803,661 | 3,747 | Techniques relating to training a model for detecting that a vehicle is likely to perform a cut-in maneuver are described. Computing device(s) can receive log data associated with vehicles in an environment and can detect an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle. In an example, the computing device(s) can generate training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; determining a period of time associated with the event; accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time; generating training data based at least in part on converting the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time into a top-down representation of the environment; inputting the training data into a model; determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver; determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference; and transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 2. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the log data comprises raw sensor data and a downstream output determined based at least in part on the raw sensor data, wherein the downstream output comprises perception data, prediction data, or planner data. 3. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 4. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 5. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment;
detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle;
generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment;
inputting the training data into a model; and
transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 6. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event; and
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 7. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 8. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 9. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver;
determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 10. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 11. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 12. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. 13. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment; and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event;
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 15 recites, wherein determining the period of time is based on at least one of a change in a position of the vehicle or a velocity of the vehicle. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a difference between an output of the model and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. | Techniques relating to training a model for detecting that a vehicle is likely to perform a cut-in maneuver are described. Computing device(s) can receive log data associated with vehicles in an environment and can detect an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle. In an example, the computing device(s) can generate training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver.1. A method comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; determining a period of time associated with the event; accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time; generating training data based at least in part on converting the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time into a top-down representation of the environment; inputting the training data into a model; determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver; determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference; and transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 2. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the log data comprises raw sensor data and a downstream output determined based at least in part on the raw sensor data, wherein the downstream output comprises perception data, prediction data, or planner data. 3. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 4. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 5. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment;
detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle;
generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment;
inputting the training data into a model; and
transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 6. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event; and
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 7. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to a centerline of a driving surface to within a designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the position of the vehicle changes from being substantially parallel to the centerline to within the designated offset of 90 degrees of the centerline. 8. The system as claim 6 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining that a velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to a non-zero velocity prior to the event; and
determining a start of the period of time based at least in part on determining when the velocity of the vehicle changes from zero to the non-zero velocity prior to the event. 9. The system as claim 5 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the model, an output comprising an indication that another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver;
determining a difference between the output and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 10. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 11. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 12. The system as claim 5 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. 13. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving log data associated with vehicles in an environment; detecting an event in the log data, wherein an event corresponds to a cut-in maneuver performed by a vehicle; generating training data based at least in part on converting a portion of the log data that corresponds to the event into a top-down representation of the environment; and inputting the training data into a model, wherein the model is trained to output an indication of whether another vehicle is likely to perform another cut-in maneuver. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising transmitting the model to an autonomous vehicle configured to be controlled by another output of the model. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a period of time associated with the event;
accessing a portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time;
wherein the top-down representation of the environment is associated with the portion of the log data that corresponds to the period of time. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 15 recites, wherein determining the period of time is based on at least one of a change in a position of the vehicle or a velocity of the vehicle. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, the operations further comprising:
determining a difference between an output of the model and an expected output associated with the training data; and
altering one or more parameters of the model based on the difference. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the model comprises a convolutional neural network. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the top-down representation comprises a multi-channel image, wherein each channel corresponds to at least one of:
a position of the vehicle relative to a centerline of a driving surface;
an instantaneous velocity of the vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the vehicle is illuminated. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 13 recites, wherein the cut-in maneuver comprises any one of:
a left turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a right turn from an alley, a parking spot, or a driveway;
a u-turn;
an n-point turn;
a k-turn; or
a backward reverse into a driving lane. | 3,700 |
344,216 | 16,803,668 | 3,747 | A distributed feedback (DFB) laser that includes a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate; a grating region located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises a III-V semiconductor material; a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the grating region; and a contact region located over the NID region. | 1. A distributed feedback (DFB) laser comprising:
a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate; a grating region located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises an III-V semiconductor material; a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the grating region; and a contact region located over the NID region. 2. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the III-V semiconductor material includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 3. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the NID region is configured as a waveguide. 4. The DFB laser of claim 1, further comprising:
a first metal layer located over the first surface of the substrate; and a second metal layer located over the contact region, wherein the contact region is configured to provide a contact for the second metal layer. 5. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the grating region includes a N type dopant or a P type dopant. 6. The DFB laser of claim 1,
wherein the substrate includes a N type silicon, wherein the grating region includes a P type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes a N type dopant. 7. The DFB laser of claim 6,
wherein the grating region includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) doped with a P type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes GaAs doped with a N type dopant. 8. The DFB laser of claim 6,
wherein the grating region includes Indium Phosphide (InP) doped with a P type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes InP doped with a N type dopant. 9. The DFB laser of claim 1,
wherein the substrate includes a P type silicon, wherein the grating region includes a N type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes a P type dopant. 10. The DFB laser of claim 9,
wherein the grating region includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) doped with a N type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes GaAs doped with a P type dopant. 11. The DFB laser of claim 9,
wherein the grating region includes Indium Phosphide (InP) doped with a N type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes InP doped with a P type dopant. 12. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the NID region includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs). 13. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the NID region includes a quantum well (QW) structure and/or a quantum dot (QD) structure. 14. The DFB laser of claim 1, further comprising at least one void located between the NID region and the plurality of STIs. 15. The DFB laser of claim 1, further comprising a region located between the grating region and the NID region, wherein the region comprises an III-V semiconductor material. 16. The DFB laser of claim 15,
wherein the grating region is undoped, wherein the region comprises a N type dopant, wherein the contact region comprises a P type dopant. 17. The DFB laser of claim 16, wherein the grating region, the region, and the contact region include Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 18. The DFB laser of claim 15,
wherein the grating region is undoped, wherein the region comprises a P type dopant, wherein the contact region comprises a N type dopant. 19. The DFB laser of claim 18, wherein the grating region, the region, and the contact region include Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 20. The DFB laser of claim 15, wherein the substrate comprising silicon is semi-insulating. 21. The DFB laser of claim 15, further comprising at least one void located between the NID region and the plurality of STIs. 22. The DFB laser of claim 15, further comprising:
a first metal layer located over the region; and a second metal layer located over the contact region. 23. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the grating region comprises a plurality of repeating ridges. 24. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the DFB laser is incorporated into a device selected from a group consisting of a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a mobile device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a fixed location terminal, a tablet computer, a computer, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a server, and a device in an automotive vehicle. 25. An integrated device comprising:
a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a distributed feedback (DFB) laser located over the substrate, the DFB laser comprising:
a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate;
a grating region located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises an III-V semiconductor material;
a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the grating region; and
a contact region located over the NID region; and a transistor located over the substrate. 26. The integrated device of claim 25, wherein the transistor includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). 27. The integrated device of claim 26, wherein the transistor includes an emitter, a base and a collector. 28. The integrated device of claim 25, wherein the transistor includes a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). 29. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a distributed feedback (DFB) laser located over the substrate, the DFB laser comprising:
a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate;
means for refractive grating located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the means for refractive grating comprises an III-V semiconductor material;
a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the means for refractive grating; and
a contact region located over the NID region; and
a transistor located over the substrate. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the transistor includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). 31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the transistor includes a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). 32. A method for fabricating a distributed feedback (DFB) laser, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising silicon; forming a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) over the substrate; forming a grating region over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises an III-V semiconductor material; forming a non-intentional doping (NID) region over the grating region; and forming a contact region over the NID region. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the III-V semiconductor material includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the NID region is configured as a waveguide. 35. The method of claim 32, further comprising:
forming a first metal layer over the substrate; and forming a second metal layer over the contact region, wherein the contact region is configured to provide a contact for the second metal layer. | A distributed feedback (DFB) laser that includes a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate; a grating region located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises a III-V semiconductor material; a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the grating region; and a contact region located over the NID region.1. A distributed feedback (DFB) laser comprising:
a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate; a grating region located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises an III-V semiconductor material; a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the grating region; and a contact region located over the NID region. 2. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the III-V semiconductor material includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 3. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the NID region is configured as a waveguide. 4. The DFB laser of claim 1, further comprising:
a first metal layer located over the first surface of the substrate; and a second metal layer located over the contact region, wherein the contact region is configured to provide a contact for the second metal layer. 5. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the grating region includes a N type dopant or a P type dopant. 6. The DFB laser of claim 1,
wherein the substrate includes a N type silicon, wherein the grating region includes a P type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes a N type dopant. 7. The DFB laser of claim 6,
wherein the grating region includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) doped with a P type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes GaAs doped with a N type dopant. 8. The DFB laser of claim 6,
wherein the grating region includes Indium Phosphide (InP) doped with a P type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes InP doped with a N type dopant. 9. The DFB laser of claim 1,
wherein the substrate includes a P type silicon, wherein the grating region includes a N type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes a P type dopant. 10. The DFB laser of claim 9,
wherein the grating region includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) doped with a N type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes GaAs doped with a P type dopant. 11. The DFB laser of claim 9,
wherein the grating region includes Indium Phosphide (InP) doped with a N type dopant, and wherein the contact region includes InP doped with a P type dopant. 12. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the NID region includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs). 13. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the NID region includes a quantum well (QW) structure and/or a quantum dot (QD) structure. 14. The DFB laser of claim 1, further comprising at least one void located between the NID region and the plurality of STIs. 15. The DFB laser of claim 1, further comprising a region located between the grating region and the NID region, wherein the region comprises an III-V semiconductor material. 16. The DFB laser of claim 15,
wherein the grating region is undoped, wherein the region comprises a N type dopant, wherein the contact region comprises a P type dopant. 17. The DFB laser of claim 16, wherein the grating region, the region, and the contact region include Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 18. The DFB laser of claim 15,
wherein the grating region is undoped, wherein the region comprises a P type dopant, wherein the contact region comprises a N type dopant. 19. The DFB laser of claim 18, wherein the grating region, the region, and the contact region include Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 20. The DFB laser of claim 15, wherein the substrate comprising silicon is semi-insulating. 21. The DFB laser of claim 15, further comprising at least one void located between the NID region and the plurality of STIs. 22. The DFB laser of claim 15, further comprising:
a first metal layer located over the region; and a second metal layer located over the contact region. 23. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the grating region comprises a plurality of repeating ridges. 24. The DFB laser of claim 1, wherein the DFB laser is incorporated into a device selected from a group consisting of a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a mobile device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a fixed location terminal, a tablet computer, a computer, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a server, and a device in an automotive vehicle. 25. An integrated device comprising:
a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a distributed feedback (DFB) laser located over the substrate, the DFB laser comprising:
a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate;
a grating region located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises an III-V semiconductor material;
a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the grating region; and
a contact region located over the NID region; and a transistor located over the substrate. 26. The integrated device of claim 25, wherein the transistor includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). 27. The integrated device of claim 26, wherein the transistor includes an emitter, a base and a collector. 28. The integrated device of claim 25, wherein the transistor includes a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). 29. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises silicon; a distributed feedback (DFB) laser located over the substrate, the DFB laser comprising:
a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) located over the second surface of the substrate;
means for refractive grating located over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the means for refractive grating comprises an III-V semiconductor material;
a non-intentional doping (NID) region located over the means for refractive grating; and
a contact region located over the NID region; and
a transistor located over the substrate. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the transistor includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). 31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the transistor includes a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). 32. A method for fabricating a distributed feedback (DFB) laser, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising silicon; forming a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STIs) over the substrate; forming a grating region over the plurality of STIs and the substrate, wherein the grating region comprises an III-V semiconductor material; forming a non-intentional doping (NID) region over the grating region; and forming a contact region over the NID region. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the III-V semiconductor material includes Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and/or Indium Phosphide (InP). 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the NID region is configured as a waveguide. 35. The method of claim 32, further comprising:
forming a first metal layer over the substrate; and forming a second metal layer over the contact region, wherein the contact region is configured to provide a contact for the second metal layer. | 3,700 |
344,217 | 16,803,703 | 3,747 | This application relates to methods and apparatus for transfer of multiple digital data streams, especially of digital audio data over a single communications link such as a single wire. The application describes audio interface circuitry comprising a pulse-length-modulation (PLM) modulator (204). The PLM is responsive to a plurality of data streams (PDM-R, PDM-L), to generate a series of data pulses (PLM) with a single data pulse having a rising and falling edge in each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal (TCLK). The timing of the rising and falling edge of each data pulse is dependent upon on a combination of the then current data samples from the plurality of data streams. The duration and position of the data pulse in the transfer window in effect defines a data symbol encoding the data. Circuitry for receiving and extracting the data is also disclosed. An interface receives the stream of data pulses (PLM) and data extraction circuitry (202) samples the data pulse to determine which of the possible data symbols the pulse represents and determines a data value for at least one received data stream. | 1. Digital data transmission circuitry comprising:
bi-directional interface circuitry configured to receive a pulse-length modulation (PLM) signal comprising a plurality of data pulses representative of input data and to transmit the data pulses over a first communications link and to receive data pulses via said first communications link. 2. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1, wherein said input data comprises audio data. 3. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1 wherein said first communications link comprises a single link. 4. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 wherein said single link comprises a single wire or a single bus. 5. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 wherein said single link comprises a single pole or pin of a plug-socket connection that is used to couple a host device that includes the digital data transmission circuitry to an accessory device that is external to the host device. 6. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 5 wherein said plug-socket connection comprises a three- or four-pole jack plug or socket. 7. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 wherein said single link comprises a single path on a printed circuit board that is connected to a pin of a digital signal processor or codec of the digital data transmission circuitry. 8. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1 further comprising:
pulse-length modulator circuitry configured to receive input data and to generate the plurality of data pulses representative of the input data. 9. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to transmit data pulses during a first transfer period and the bi-directional interface circuitry is configured to receive data pulses during a second, different transfer period. 10. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 wherein the bi-directional interface circuitry comprises a drive circuit for voltage modulating the first communications link based on the data pulses and a read circuit responsive to the resultant voltage on the first communications link, wherein the read circuit is configured to subtract the drive voltage modulation from the resultant voltage signal. 11. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 8 further comprising:
at least two data inputs for receiving respective input digital data streams of data bits, wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to generate a single data pulse having a rising edge and a falling edge within each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal, responsive to said input digital data streams and to said first clock signal,
wherein the time of occurrence of the rising edge and the falling edge of the data pulse encodes the then current data bits of said input digital data streams. 12. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein the occurrence said rising and falling edges of the data pulse are quantised in time within the transfer period. 13. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein said input digital data streams comprises at least two audio data streams. 14. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein said input digital data streams comprises at least one stream of control data for controlling the operation of a receiver of the least two audio data streams. 15. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein the rising and falling edges of each data pulse are synchronised to a second clock signal, where the second clock signal has a frequency greater than the first clock signal. 16. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the second clock signal frequency is a multiple of the first clock signal frequency. 17. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the first clock frequency is equal to the sample rate of said at least one digital data stream. 18. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 17 wherein the sample rate of said at least one digital stream is a multiple of a standard audio frequency sample rate. 19. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one period defined by the second clock signal at the start of the transfer period before the start of a data pulse. 20. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one period defined by the second clock signal at the end of a data pulse before the end of the transfer period. 21. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed claim 1 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that at least one possible combination of input data can be encoded by more than one possible data pulses. 22. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 21 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that, over time, different instances of said combination of input data is encoded by different ones of said possible data pulses. 23. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 22 wherein said possible data pulses for encoding a given combination of input data have different durations and the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to select between the possible data pulses so as to minimise any d.c. imbalance over time in the transmitted data pulses. 24. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 22 wherein one of said possible data pulses for encoding a given combination of input data has a duration of greater than half the transfer period and another of said possible pulses has a duration of less than half the transfer period. 25. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one possible data pulse that is not used to encode the input data but which may be transmitted by the pulse-length modulator circuitry for synchronisation and/or control. | This application relates to methods and apparatus for transfer of multiple digital data streams, especially of digital audio data over a single communications link such as a single wire. The application describes audio interface circuitry comprising a pulse-length-modulation (PLM) modulator (204). The PLM is responsive to a plurality of data streams (PDM-R, PDM-L), to generate a series of data pulses (PLM) with a single data pulse having a rising and falling edge in each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal (TCLK). The timing of the rising and falling edge of each data pulse is dependent upon on a combination of the then current data samples from the plurality of data streams. The duration and position of the data pulse in the transfer window in effect defines a data symbol encoding the data. Circuitry for receiving and extracting the data is also disclosed. An interface receives the stream of data pulses (PLM) and data extraction circuitry (202) samples the data pulse to determine which of the possible data symbols the pulse represents and determines a data value for at least one received data stream.1. Digital data transmission circuitry comprising:
bi-directional interface circuitry configured to receive a pulse-length modulation (PLM) signal comprising a plurality of data pulses representative of input data and to transmit the data pulses over a first communications link and to receive data pulses via said first communications link. 2. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1, wherein said input data comprises audio data. 3. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1 wherein said first communications link comprises a single link. 4. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 wherein said single link comprises a single wire or a single bus. 5. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 wherein said single link comprises a single pole or pin of a plug-socket connection that is used to couple a host device that includes the digital data transmission circuitry to an accessory device that is external to the host device. 6. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 5 wherein said plug-socket connection comprises a three- or four-pole jack plug or socket. 7. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 wherein said single link comprises a single path on a printed circuit board that is connected to a pin of a digital signal processor or codec of the digital data transmission circuitry. 8. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1 further comprising:
pulse-length modulator circuitry configured to receive input data and to generate the plurality of data pulses representative of the input data. 9. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to transmit data pulses during a first transfer period and the bi-directional interface circuitry is configured to receive data pulses during a second, different transfer period. 10. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 wherein the bi-directional interface circuitry comprises a drive circuit for voltage modulating the first communications link based on the data pulses and a read circuit responsive to the resultant voltage on the first communications link, wherein the read circuit is configured to subtract the drive voltage modulation from the resultant voltage signal. 11. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 8 further comprising:
at least two data inputs for receiving respective input digital data streams of data bits, wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to generate a single data pulse having a rising edge and a falling edge within each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal, responsive to said input digital data streams and to said first clock signal,
wherein the time of occurrence of the rising edge and the falling edge of the data pulse encodes the then current data bits of said input digital data streams. 12. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein the occurrence said rising and falling edges of the data pulse are quantised in time within the transfer period. 13. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein said input digital data streams comprises at least two audio data streams. 14. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein said input digital data streams comprises at least one stream of control data for controlling the operation of a receiver of the least two audio data streams. 15. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 11 wherein the rising and falling edges of each data pulse are synchronised to a second clock signal, where the second clock signal has a frequency greater than the first clock signal. 16. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the second clock signal frequency is a multiple of the first clock signal frequency. 17. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the first clock frequency is equal to the sample rate of said at least one digital data stream. 18. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 17 wherein the sample rate of said at least one digital stream is a multiple of a standard audio frequency sample rate. 19. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one period defined by the second clock signal at the start of the transfer period before the start of a data pulse. 20. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one period defined by the second clock signal at the end of a data pulse before the end of the transfer period. 21. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed claim 1 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that at least one possible combination of input data can be encoded by more than one possible data pulses. 22. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 21 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that, over time, different instances of said combination of input data is encoded by different ones of said possible data pulses. 23. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 22 wherein said possible data pulses for encoding a given combination of input data have different durations and the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to select between the possible data pulses so as to minimise any d.c. imbalance over time in the transmitted data pulses. 24. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 22 wherein one of said possible data pulses for encoding a given combination of input data has a duration of greater than half the transfer period and another of said possible pulses has a duration of less than half the transfer period. 25. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one possible data pulse that is not used to encode the input data but which may be transmitted by the pulse-length modulator circuitry for synchronisation and/or control. | 3,700 |
344,218 | 16,803,680 | 3,747 | The disclosure relates to computer technology for precision diagnosis of various states of genetic material such as a gene sequenced from cell-free DNA in a sample. The state may include a somatic homozygous deletion, a somatic heterozygous deletion, a copy number variation, or other states. A computer system may generate competing probabilistic models that each output a probability that the genetic material is in a certain state. Each model may be trained on a training sample set to output a probability that the genetic material is in a respective state. In some embodiments, the computer system may use various probabilistic distributions to generate the models. For example, the computer system may use a beta-binomial distribution, a binomial distribution, a normal (also referred to as “Gaussian”) distribution, or other type of probabilistic modeling techniques. | 1. A computer system to distinguish between a somatic homozygous deletion and a somatic heterozygous deletion of a gene in a sample of cell-free nucleic acid molecules that does not exhibit germline deletion of the gene, the computer system comprising:
a processor programmed to:
generate, via a first probabilistic distribution, a first model of allelic counts based on one or more germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions associated with the gene, the first model representing the somatic homozygous deletion;
generate, via a second probabilistic distribution, a second model of allelic counts in the sample based on the one or more germline SNP positions, the second model representing the somatic heterozygous deletion;
compare a first output of the first model and a second output of the second model; and
generate a prediction that the somatic homozygous deletion for the gene exists in the sample based on the comparison. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first model represents a first probability that the sample includes the somatic homozygous deletion and the second model represents a second probability that the sample includes the somatic heterozygous deletion. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first probabilistic distribution is a same type of probabilistic distribution as the second probabilistic distribution. 4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is programmed to determine one or more parameters for input to the first probabilistic distribution. 5. The computer system of claim 4, wherein the first probabilistic distribution comprises a type of probabilistic distribution comprising one of: a beta-binomial distribution, a binomial distribution, or a normal distribution. 6. The computer system of claim 4, wherein to generate the first model of allelic counts, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a prevalence of heterozygosity of the one or more germline SNPs in a training set of samples. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the training set of samples comprises a plurality of samples in which tumor is not detected (TND). 8. The computer system of claim 6, wherein to generate the first model of allelic counts, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a standard deviation of a minor allele frequency (MAF) associated with the one or more germline SNPs in the training set of samples. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a number of molecules in the sample that supports a mutant allele. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a total number of molecules in the sample. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is further programmed to:
calculate a first likelihood of the allelic counts of the one or more germline SNP positions in the sample assuming somatic homozygous deletion based on molecule coverage associated with the somatic homozygous deletion. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein to generate the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
calculate a second likelihood of the allelic counts of the one or more germline SNP positions in the sample assuming somatic heterozygous deletion based on molecule coverage associated with the somatic heterozygous deletion. 13. The computer system of claim 4, wherein to generate the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the second probabilistic distribution for the second model, a mean of tumor fraction estimated from the sample. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the tumor fraction is estimated based on sequence coverage information. 15. The computer system of claim 13, wherein to generate the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the second probabilistic distribution for the second model, a standard deviation of tumor fraction estimated from the sample. 16. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
access a plurality of samples; identify a set of samples from among the plurality of samples that include a germline deletion; and filter out the set of samples from the plurality of samples; and identify, from among the filtered plurality of samples, a presence of the somatic homozygous deletion or the somatic heterozygous deletion. 17. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first output comprises a first probability of a presence of the somatic homozygous deletion and the second output comprises a second probability of a presence of the somatic heterozygous deletion. 18. The computer system of claim 14, wherein to compare the first output of the first model and the second output of the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
execute a log likelihood function based on the first output and the second output. 19. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the gene comprises one of: BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM. 20. A system comprising:
a processor programmed to:
generate a first probability that a gene in a sample of cell-free nucleic acid molecules includes a somatic homozygous deletion;
generate a second probability that the gene in the sample of cell-free nucleic acid molecules includes a somatic heterozygous deletion;
compare the first probability and the second probability; and
generate a prediction of whether the sample includes the somatic homozygous deletion or the somatic heterozygous deletion. 21.-39. (canceled) | The disclosure relates to computer technology for precision diagnosis of various states of genetic material such as a gene sequenced from cell-free DNA in a sample. The state may include a somatic homozygous deletion, a somatic heterozygous deletion, a copy number variation, or other states. A computer system may generate competing probabilistic models that each output a probability that the genetic material is in a certain state. Each model may be trained on a training sample set to output a probability that the genetic material is in a respective state. In some embodiments, the computer system may use various probabilistic distributions to generate the models. For example, the computer system may use a beta-binomial distribution, a binomial distribution, a normal (also referred to as “Gaussian”) distribution, or other type of probabilistic modeling techniques.1. A computer system to distinguish between a somatic homozygous deletion and a somatic heterozygous deletion of a gene in a sample of cell-free nucleic acid molecules that does not exhibit germline deletion of the gene, the computer system comprising:
a processor programmed to:
generate, via a first probabilistic distribution, a first model of allelic counts based on one or more germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions associated with the gene, the first model representing the somatic homozygous deletion;
generate, via a second probabilistic distribution, a second model of allelic counts in the sample based on the one or more germline SNP positions, the second model representing the somatic heterozygous deletion;
compare a first output of the first model and a second output of the second model; and
generate a prediction that the somatic homozygous deletion for the gene exists in the sample based on the comparison. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first model represents a first probability that the sample includes the somatic homozygous deletion and the second model represents a second probability that the sample includes the somatic heterozygous deletion. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first probabilistic distribution is a same type of probabilistic distribution as the second probabilistic distribution. 4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is programmed to determine one or more parameters for input to the first probabilistic distribution. 5. The computer system of claim 4, wherein the first probabilistic distribution comprises a type of probabilistic distribution comprising one of: a beta-binomial distribution, a binomial distribution, or a normal distribution. 6. The computer system of claim 4, wherein to generate the first model of allelic counts, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a prevalence of heterozygosity of the one or more germline SNPs in a training set of samples. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the training set of samples comprises a plurality of samples in which tumor is not detected (TND). 8. The computer system of claim 6, wherein to generate the first model of allelic counts, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a standard deviation of a minor allele frequency (MAF) associated with the one or more germline SNPs in the training set of samples. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a number of molecules in the sample that supports a mutant allele. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the first probabilistic distribution, a total number of molecules in the sample. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein to generate the first model, the processor is further programmed to:
calculate a first likelihood of the allelic counts of the one or more germline SNP positions in the sample assuming somatic homozygous deletion based on molecule coverage associated with the somatic homozygous deletion. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein to generate the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
calculate a second likelihood of the allelic counts of the one or more germline SNP positions in the sample assuming somatic heterozygous deletion based on molecule coverage associated with the somatic heterozygous deletion. 13. The computer system of claim 4, wherein to generate the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the second probabilistic distribution for the second model, a mean of tumor fraction estimated from the sample. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the tumor fraction is estimated based on sequence coverage information. 15. The computer system of claim 13, wherein to generate the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
determine, for input to the second probabilistic distribution for the second model, a standard deviation of tumor fraction estimated from the sample. 16. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to:
access a plurality of samples; identify a set of samples from among the plurality of samples that include a germline deletion; and filter out the set of samples from the plurality of samples; and identify, from among the filtered plurality of samples, a presence of the somatic homozygous deletion or the somatic heterozygous deletion. 17. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first output comprises a first probability of a presence of the somatic homozygous deletion and the second output comprises a second probability of a presence of the somatic heterozygous deletion. 18. The computer system of claim 14, wherein to compare the first output of the first model and the second output of the second model, the processor is further programmed to:
execute a log likelihood function based on the first output and the second output. 19. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the gene comprises one of: BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM. 20. A system comprising:
a processor programmed to:
generate a first probability that a gene in a sample of cell-free nucleic acid molecules includes a somatic homozygous deletion;
generate a second probability that the gene in the sample of cell-free nucleic acid molecules includes a somatic heterozygous deletion;
compare the first probability and the second probability; and
generate a prediction of whether the sample includes the somatic homozygous deletion or the somatic heterozygous deletion. 21.-39. (canceled) | 3,700 |
344,219 | 16,803,699 | 3,747 | A flow control apparatus adapted for a feeding set includes a housing capable of receiving at least a portion of the feeding set and a pumping device for acting on the feeding set to produce fluid flow in the feeding set for delivery of fluid. The pumping device has a rotor and a motor operatively connector to the rotor for rotating the rotor to act on the feeding set to produce fluid flow in the feeding set. The apparatus has a sensor arranged with respect to the pumping device to produce a signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotor, and a control circuit in communication with the sensor for receiving the sensor signal from the sensor indicative of the rotational position of the rotor and in communication with the pumping device to control operation thereof. The control circuit controls operation of the motor at a first output to rotate the rotor to produce fluid flow in the feeding set and at a second output effectively less than the first output, the control circuit monitoring the sensor signal during operation of the motor at the second output to determine occlusion in the feeding set. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A method of operating an enteral feeding pump to deliver fluid through a pump set, the method comprising determining if an occlusion exists in the pump set based on a monitored sensor signal from a sensor indicative of a rotational position of a rotor of the pump during operation of a motor of the pump to rotate the rotor at a reduced output less than a feeding output for rotating the rotor to produce fluid flow in the pump set during a feeding cycle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the occlusion in the pump set is determined without using a sensor to measure pressure in the pump set. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein operating the motor at the reduced output comprises supplying pulses of power to the motor to rotate the rotor. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein rotation of the rotor is stopped after operating the motor at the output for rotating the rotor to produce fluid flow in the pump set during the feeding cycle and before operating the motor at the reduced output. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein an occlusion is determined to exists in the pump set when the rotor of the pumping device does not rotate to a predetermined position or does not rotate at least at a predetermined rate after operating the motor at the reduced output. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the motor is operated at the reduced output after rotation of the rotor is stopped at a pre-home position detected by the sensor. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the rotor comprises a roller, and wherein stopping rotation of the rotor comprises stopping the rotor at the pre-home position in which the roller does not engage the pump set. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the sensor signal is monitored to see whether operating the motor at the reduced output rotates the rotor to a home position in which the roller engages the pump set. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein determining whether there is an occlusion is based upon whether operating the motor at the reduced output rotates the rotor to the home position in a predetermined time that is based on the viscosity of the fluid. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein at least a baseline current to rotate the rotor under both non-occluded and occluded flow conditions is applied to the motor during operation of the pumping device at the output for rotating the rotor to produce fluid flow in the pump set, and power is supplied to the motor at the reduced output by one of supplying power to the motor in pulsed increments and supplying a reduced power to the motor. 24. The method of claim 14, wherein power is reduced to the motor during a portion of a full rotor rotation during operation of the motor at the reduced output such that the rotor rotation includes an energized period where power is supplied to the motor and a de-energized period where power is not supplied to the motor. 25. The method of claim 14 wherein the motor is operated at the feeding output until only a single aliquot of fluid is left in the feeding cycle. 26. The method of claim 14 wherein the reduced output comprises applying power during an energized period to rotate the rotor, and applying no power to turn the rotor during a de-energized period. | A flow control apparatus adapted for a feeding set includes a housing capable of receiving at least a portion of the feeding set and a pumping device for acting on the feeding set to produce fluid flow in the feeding set for delivery of fluid. The pumping device has a rotor and a motor operatively connector to the rotor for rotating the rotor to act on the feeding set to produce fluid flow in the feeding set. The apparatus has a sensor arranged with respect to the pumping device to produce a signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotor, and a control circuit in communication with the sensor for receiving the sensor signal from the sensor indicative of the rotational position of the rotor and in communication with the pumping device to control operation thereof. The control circuit controls operation of the motor at a first output to rotate the rotor to produce fluid flow in the feeding set and at a second output effectively less than the first output, the control circuit monitoring the sensor signal during operation of the motor at the second output to determine occlusion in the feeding set.1-13. (canceled) 14. A method of operating an enteral feeding pump to deliver fluid through a pump set, the method comprising determining if an occlusion exists in the pump set based on a monitored sensor signal from a sensor indicative of a rotational position of a rotor of the pump during operation of a motor of the pump to rotate the rotor at a reduced output less than a feeding output for rotating the rotor to produce fluid flow in the pump set during a feeding cycle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the occlusion in the pump set is determined without using a sensor to measure pressure in the pump set. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein operating the motor at the reduced output comprises supplying pulses of power to the motor to rotate the rotor. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein rotation of the rotor is stopped after operating the motor at the output for rotating the rotor to produce fluid flow in the pump set during the feeding cycle and before operating the motor at the reduced output. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein an occlusion is determined to exists in the pump set when the rotor of the pumping device does not rotate to a predetermined position or does not rotate at least at a predetermined rate after operating the motor at the reduced output. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the motor is operated at the reduced output after rotation of the rotor is stopped at a pre-home position detected by the sensor. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the rotor comprises a roller, and wherein stopping rotation of the rotor comprises stopping the rotor at the pre-home position in which the roller does not engage the pump set. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the sensor signal is monitored to see whether operating the motor at the reduced output rotates the rotor to a home position in which the roller engages the pump set. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein determining whether there is an occlusion is based upon whether operating the motor at the reduced output rotates the rotor to the home position in a predetermined time that is based on the viscosity of the fluid. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein at least a baseline current to rotate the rotor under both non-occluded and occluded flow conditions is applied to the motor during operation of the pumping device at the output for rotating the rotor to produce fluid flow in the pump set, and power is supplied to the motor at the reduced output by one of supplying power to the motor in pulsed increments and supplying a reduced power to the motor. 24. The method of claim 14, wherein power is reduced to the motor during a portion of a full rotor rotation during operation of the motor at the reduced output such that the rotor rotation includes an energized period where power is supplied to the motor and a de-energized period where power is not supplied to the motor. 25. The method of claim 14 wherein the motor is operated at the feeding output until only a single aliquot of fluid is left in the feeding cycle. 26. The method of claim 14 wherein the reduced output comprises applying power during an energized period to rotate the rotor, and applying no power to turn the rotor during a de-energized period. | 3,700 |
344,220 | 16,803,672 | 3,747 | Systems and methods for detecting cardiac arrhythmia are discussed. An exemplary medical-device system includes an arrhythmia detector circuit that receives physiologic information, including respiration and heart beat information a patient, and determines whether a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is present or absent using the respiration and the heart beat information. An indication of the presence or absence of RSA may be stored in a memory. The arrhythmia detector circuit can detect an AT episode using the indication of RSA. | 1. A medical-device system for detecting cardiac arrhythmia, comprising:
an arrhythmia detector circuit configured to:
receive respiration and heart beat information from a patient;
determine whether a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is present or absent using the received respiration and the heart beat information;
store an indication of the presence or absence of RSA; and
detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) episode using the indication of RSA. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
perform an initial AT detection using the heart beat information; and confirm the initial AT detection if the RSA is absent, or reject the initial AT detection if the RSA is present. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to use the indication of RSA to select a signal portion from the received heart beat information. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
determine RSA indicators respectively for multiple temporally separated portions of the received respiration and heart beat information; identify from received physiologic information one or more portions corresponding to the RSA indicators indicating an absence of RSA; and detect the AT episode using the identified one or more portions of the received physiologic information. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
filter received physiologic information to attenuate RSA interference using an RSA characteristic; and detect the AT episode using the filtered received physiologic information. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to filter the received physiologic information using an adaptive filter. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the RSA characteristic includes a heart rate variability. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to generate the RSA characteristic under a specified patient condition including a specific posture, a specific physical activity, or a specific time of day. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to adjust an AT detection criterion if the RSA is present, and to detect the AT episode using the adjusted AT detection criterion. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the AT detection criterion includes a heart rate variability threshold, and the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
increase the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is present; or decrease the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is absent. 11. The system of claim 1, comprising an accelerometer sensor configured to sense the respiration information, and a cardiac activity sensor, separate from the accelerometer sensor, configured to detect heart beat from a cardiac signal of the patient. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the received respiration information includes a respiration signal, and the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
generate a heart rate (HR) signal using the received heart beat information, the HR signal including measurements of HR or cardiac cycle length over multiple cardiac cycles; and determine the RSA indication using a correlation between the HR signal and the respiration signal, the RSA indication indicating a presence of RSA if the correlation is above a threshold, or absence of RSA if the correlation is below the threshold. 13. A method of detecting atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT), comprising:
receiving respiration and heart beat information from a patient; determining whether a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is present or absent using the received respiration and the heart beat information; and detecting an AT episode using the determined presence or absence of RSA. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein detecting the AT episode includes:
performing an initial AT detection using the received heart beat information; and confirming the initial AT detection if the RSA is absent, or reject the initial AT detection if the RSA is present. 15. The method of claim 13, comprising selecting from received physiologic information a signal portion using an indication of RSA presence or absence, and detecting the AT episode using the selected signal portion. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising filtering received physiologic information to attenuate RSA interference using an RSA characteristic, and detecting the AT episode using the filtered received physiologic information. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the RSA characteristic includes a heart rate variability under a specified patient condition including a specific posture, a specific physical activity, or a specific time of day. 18. The method of claim 13, comprising adjusting an AT detection criterion if the RSA is present, and detecting the AT episode using the adjusted AT detection criterion. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the AT detection criterion includes a heart rate variability threshold, and the adjusting the AT detection criterion includes increasing the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is present, or decreasing the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is absent. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the received respiration information includes a respiration signal, the method comprising:
generating a heart rate (HR) signal using the received heart beat information, the HR signal including measurements of HR or cardiac cycle length over multiple cardiac cycles; determining a correlation between the HR signal and the respiration signal; and determining a presence of RSA if the determined correlation is above a threshold, or an absence of RSA if the determined correlation is below the threshold. | Systems and methods for detecting cardiac arrhythmia are discussed. An exemplary medical-device system includes an arrhythmia detector circuit that receives physiologic information, including respiration and heart beat information a patient, and determines whether a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is present or absent using the respiration and the heart beat information. An indication of the presence or absence of RSA may be stored in a memory. The arrhythmia detector circuit can detect an AT episode using the indication of RSA.1. A medical-device system for detecting cardiac arrhythmia, comprising:
an arrhythmia detector circuit configured to:
receive respiration and heart beat information from a patient;
determine whether a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is present or absent using the received respiration and the heart beat information;
store an indication of the presence or absence of RSA; and
detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) episode using the indication of RSA. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
perform an initial AT detection using the heart beat information; and confirm the initial AT detection if the RSA is absent, or reject the initial AT detection if the RSA is present. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to use the indication of RSA to select a signal portion from the received heart beat information. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
determine RSA indicators respectively for multiple temporally separated portions of the received respiration and heart beat information; identify from received physiologic information one or more portions corresponding to the RSA indicators indicating an absence of RSA; and detect the AT episode using the identified one or more portions of the received physiologic information. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
filter received physiologic information to attenuate RSA interference using an RSA characteristic; and detect the AT episode using the filtered received physiologic information. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to filter the received physiologic information using an adaptive filter. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the RSA characteristic includes a heart rate variability. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to generate the RSA characteristic under a specified patient condition including a specific posture, a specific physical activity, or a specific time of day. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to adjust an AT detection criterion if the RSA is present, and to detect the AT episode using the adjusted AT detection criterion. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the AT detection criterion includes a heart rate variability threshold, and the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
increase the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is present; or decrease the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is absent. 11. The system of claim 1, comprising an accelerometer sensor configured to sense the respiration information, and a cardiac activity sensor, separate from the accelerometer sensor, configured to detect heart beat from a cardiac signal of the patient. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the received respiration information includes a respiration signal, and the arrhythmia detector circuit is configured to:
generate a heart rate (HR) signal using the received heart beat information, the HR signal including measurements of HR or cardiac cycle length over multiple cardiac cycles; and determine the RSA indication using a correlation between the HR signal and the respiration signal, the RSA indication indicating a presence of RSA if the correlation is above a threshold, or absence of RSA if the correlation is below the threshold. 13. A method of detecting atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT), comprising:
receiving respiration and heart beat information from a patient; determining whether a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is present or absent using the received respiration and the heart beat information; and detecting an AT episode using the determined presence or absence of RSA. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein detecting the AT episode includes:
performing an initial AT detection using the received heart beat information; and confirming the initial AT detection if the RSA is absent, or reject the initial AT detection if the RSA is present. 15. The method of claim 13, comprising selecting from received physiologic information a signal portion using an indication of RSA presence or absence, and detecting the AT episode using the selected signal portion. 16. The method of claim 13, comprising filtering received physiologic information to attenuate RSA interference using an RSA characteristic, and detecting the AT episode using the filtered received physiologic information. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the RSA characteristic includes a heart rate variability under a specified patient condition including a specific posture, a specific physical activity, or a specific time of day. 18. The method of claim 13, comprising adjusting an AT detection criterion if the RSA is present, and detecting the AT episode using the adjusted AT detection criterion. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the AT detection criterion includes a heart rate variability threshold, and the adjusting the AT detection criterion includes increasing the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is present, or decreasing the heart rate variability threshold if the RSA is absent. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the received respiration information includes a respiration signal, the method comprising:
generating a heart rate (HR) signal using the received heart beat information, the HR signal including measurements of HR or cardiac cycle length over multiple cardiac cycles; determining a correlation between the HR signal and the respiration signal; and determining a presence of RSA if the determined correlation is above a threshold, or an absence of RSA if the determined correlation is below the threshold. | 3,700 |
344,221 | 16,803,709 | 3,747 | According to an embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes a storage device and a processor. The storage device stores stay data of shoppers who come in and go out of a store, and shift data of staff for a predetermined operation of the store. The processor outputs, on the basis of the stay data and the shift data, information including information indicating a time slot insufficient in staff members and information indicating the number of insufficient staff members when the number of staff members necessary exceeds the number of staff members registered. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
a storage device that stores
data regarding stay of shoppers who come in and go out of a store, and
data regarding a shift of staff for a predetermined operation of the store;
a network interface; a memory that stores a program; and a processor that executes the program to
refer to the data regarding stay of shoppers to predict a situation of the store,
predict the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation of the store on a basis of the situation of the store,
acquire the number of staff members registered on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation on a basis of the data regarding a shift of staff for the predetermined operation,
compare the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis, and
output information of results of the comparison via the network interface, the information including information indicating a time slot insufficient in staff and information indicating the number of insufficient staff members when the number of staff members necessary exceeds the number of staff members registered. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the processor outputs the information of results of the comparison to a terminal of an administrator of the store via the network interface. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the processor
predicts the number of staff members necessary at a plurality of prediction timings of a day, and
compares the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis in a predetermined period. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the processor
predicts, at each of the plurality of prediction timings of the day, the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in a first predetermined period later than each of the plurality of prediction timings, and
compares the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis in the first predetermined period. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the first predetermined period is a time period that starts at a time after an elapse of a second predetermined period starting from a time of the prediction timing. 6. An information processing system, comprising
an information processing apparatus that acquires a situation in which staff members are insufficient in a predetermined operation of a store; and an information distribution apparatus that gives support to secure a worker for the predetermined operation on a basis of the situation in which staff members are insufficient, the situation being acquired by the information processing apparatus, the information processing apparatus including
a first storage device that stores
data regarding stay of shoppers who come in and go out of a store, and
data regarding a shift of staff for a predetermined operation of the store,
a first network interface,
a first memory that stores an information processing program, and
a first processor that executes the information processing program to
refer to the data regarding stay of shoppers to predict a situation of the store,
predict the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation of the store on a basis of the situation of the store,
acquire the number of staff members registered on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation on a basis of the data regarding a shift of staff for the predetermined operation,
compare the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis, and
output information of results of the comparison to the information distribution apparatus via the first network interface, the information including information indicating a time slot insufficient in staff and information indicating the number of insufficient staff members when the number of staff members necessary exceeds the number of staff members registered,
the information distribution apparatus including
a second storage device that stores data regarding worker candidates,
a second network interface,
a second memory that stores an information distribution program, and
a second processor that executes the information distribution program to
acquire the information of results of the comparison from the information processing apparatus via the second network interface,
refer to the data regarding worker candidates to extract a worker candidate who satisfies a predetermined criterion, and
distribute information of recruiting workers to a terminal of the extracted worker candidate via the second network interface, the information being included in the information of results of the comparison and being based on the information indicating the time slot insufficient in staff and the information indicating the insufficient number of staff of the store. 7. The information processing system according to claim 6, wherein
the first processor
predicts, at each of a plurality of prediction timings of a day, the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in a predetermined period later than each of the plurality of prediction timings, and
compares the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis in the predetermined period. 8. The information processing system according to claim 6, wherein
the second processor further
receives an application for the information of recruiting workers from each of the worker candidates via the second network interface within a predetermined period after distribution of the information of recruiting workers, and
refers to the data regarding worker candidates stored in the second storage device from the worker candidates whose applications are received, to determine a worker for the information of recruiting workers. 9. The information processing system according to claim 8, wherein
the data regarding worker candidates stored in the second storage device includes data regarding an address of each of the worker candidates, and the second processor refers to the data regarding an address of each of the worker candidates to determine a worker for the information of recruiting workers from the worker candidates whose applications are received, in an order of a distance closer to the address of each of the worker candidates from an address of the store. 10. An information processing method, comprising:
storing, in a storage device in advance, data regarding stay of shoppers who come in and go out of a store and data regarding a shift of staff for a predetermined operation of the store; referring to the data regarding stay of shoppers to predict a situation of the store; predicting the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation of the store on a basis of the situation of the store, acquiring the number of staff members registered on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation on a basis of the data regarding a shift of staff for the predetermined operation; comparing the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis; and outputting information based on results of the comparison via the network interface. | According to an embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes a storage device and a processor. The storage device stores stay data of shoppers who come in and go out of a store, and shift data of staff for a predetermined operation of the store. The processor outputs, on the basis of the stay data and the shift data, information including information indicating a time slot insufficient in staff members and information indicating the number of insufficient staff members when the number of staff members necessary exceeds the number of staff members registered.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
a storage device that stores
data regarding stay of shoppers who come in and go out of a store, and
data regarding a shift of staff for a predetermined operation of the store;
a network interface; a memory that stores a program; and a processor that executes the program to
refer to the data regarding stay of shoppers to predict a situation of the store,
predict the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation of the store on a basis of the situation of the store,
acquire the number of staff members registered on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation on a basis of the data regarding a shift of staff for the predetermined operation,
compare the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis, and
output information of results of the comparison via the network interface, the information including information indicating a time slot insufficient in staff and information indicating the number of insufficient staff members when the number of staff members necessary exceeds the number of staff members registered. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the processor outputs the information of results of the comparison to a terminal of an administrator of the store via the network interface. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the processor
predicts the number of staff members necessary at a plurality of prediction timings of a day, and
compares the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis in a predetermined period. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the processor
predicts, at each of the plurality of prediction timings of the day, the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in a first predetermined period later than each of the plurality of prediction timings, and
compares the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis in the first predetermined period. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the first predetermined period is a time period that starts at a time after an elapse of a second predetermined period starting from a time of the prediction timing. 6. An information processing system, comprising
an information processing apparatus that acquires a situation in which staff members are insufficient in a predetermined operation of a store; and an information distribution apparatus that gives support to secure a worker for the predetermined operation on a basis of the situation in which staff members are insufficient, the situation being acquired by the information processing apparatus, the information processing apparatus including
a first storage device that stores
data regarding stay of shoppers who come in and go out of a store, and
data regarding a shift of staff for a predetermined operation of the store,
a first network interface,
a first memory that stores an information processing program, and
a first processor that executes the information processing program to
refer to the data regarding stay of shoppers to predict a situation of the store,
predict the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation of the store on a basis of the situation of the store,
acquire the number of staff members registered on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation on a basis of the data regarding a shift of staff for the predetermined operation,
compare the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis, and
output information of results of the comparison to the information distribution apparatus via the first network interface, the information including information indicating a time slot insufficient in staff and information indicating the number of insufficient staff members when the number of staff members necessary exceeds the number of staff members registered,
the information distribution apparatus including
a second storage device that stores data regarding worker candidates,
a second network interface,
a second memory that stores an information distribution program, and
a second processor that executes the information distribution program to
acquire the information of results of the comparison from the information processing apparatus via the second network interface,
refer to the data regarding worker candidates to extract a worker candidate who satisfies a predetermined criterion, and
distribute information of recruiting workers to a terminal of the extracted worker candidate via the second network interface, the information being included in the information of results of the comparison and being based on the information indicating the time slot insufficient in staff and the information indicating the insufficient number of staff of the store. 7. The information processing system according to claim 6, wherein
the first processor
predicts, at each of a plurality of prediction timings of a day, the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in a predetermined period later than each of the plurality of prediction timings, and
compares the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis in the predetermined period. 8. The information processing system according to claim 6, wherein
the second processor further
receives an application for the information of recruiting workers from each of the worker candidates via the second network interface within a predetermined period after distribution of the information of recruiting workers, and
refers to the data regarding worker candidates stored in the second storage device from the worker candidates whose applications are received, to determine a worker for the information of recruiting workers. 9. The information processing system according to claim 8, wherein
the data regarding worker candidates stored in the second storage device includes data regarding an address of each of the worker candidates, and the second processor refers to the data regarding an address of each of the worker candidates to determine a worker for the information of recruiting workers from the worker candidates whose applications are received, in an order of a distance closer to the address of each of the worker candidates from an address of the store. 10. An information processing method, comprising:
storing, in a storage device in advance, data regarding stay of shoppers who come in and go out of a store and data regarding a shift of staff for a predetermined operation of the store; referring to the data regarding stay of shoppers to predict a situation of the store; predicting the number of staff members necessary on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation of the store on a basis of the situation of the store, acquiring the number of staff members registered on an hourly basis in the predetermined operation on a basis of the data regarding a shift of staff for the predetermined operation; comparing the number of staff members necessary and the number of staff members registered with each other on an hourly basis; and outputting information based on results of the comparison via the network interface. | 3,700 |
344,222 | 16,803,685 | 3,747 | The disclosure relates to systems and methods for a bulk bin dispenser. In one embodiment, the system includes a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight. The system further includes a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container. The system further includes a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. | 1. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the display comprises a touchscreen interface. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator triggered to open and dispense the portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser by the touchscreen interface, and
wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via the touchscreen interface. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a gravity bin. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a scoop bin. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital scale comprises a load cell. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 12. A method for dispensing a product from a bulk bin dispenser, the method comprising:
providing the bulk bin dispenser containing a product with a distinct weight; dispensing a portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser into a portable container; measuring, by a digital scale, a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when the portion of the product is dispensed into the portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and transmitting, by a processor, an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via a touchscreen interface, and
wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator configured to open and dispense the portion of the product via receipt of an instruction from the touchscreen interface. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 17. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser comprising a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container; a printer configured to generate a label with a digital code; and a controller configured to automatically prompt the printer to generate the label indicating a dispensed weight and/or an associated cost of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container based on the change in the weight of the bulk bin dispenser. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. | The disclosure relates to systems and methods for a bulk bin dispenser. In one embodiment, the system includes a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight. The system further includes a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container. The system further includes a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight.1. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the display comprises a touchscreen interface. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator triggered to open and dispense the portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser by the touchscreen interface, and
wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via the touchscreen interface. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a gravity bin. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a scoop bin. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital scale comprises a load cell. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 12. A method for dispensing a product from a bulk bin dispenser, the method comprising:
providing the bulk bin dispenser containing a product with a distinct weight; dispensing a portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser into a portable container; measuring, by a digital scale, a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when the portion of the product is dispensed into the portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and transmitting, by a processor, an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via a touchscreen interface, and
wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator configured to open and dispense the portion of the product via receipt of an instruction from the touchscreen interface. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 17. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser comprising a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container; a printer configured to generate a label with a digital code; and a controller configured to automatically prompt the printer to generate the label indicating a dispensed weight and/or an associated cost of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container based on the change in the weight of the bulk bin dispenser. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. | 3,700 |
344,223 | 16,803,660 | 3,747 | The disclosure relates to systems and methods for a bulk bin dispenser. In one embodiment, the system includes a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight. The system further includes a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container. The system further includes a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. | 1. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the display comprises a touchscreen interface. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator triggered to open and dispense the portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser by the touchscreen interface, and
wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via the touchscreen interface. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a gravity bin. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a scoop bin. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital scale comprises a load cell. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 12. A method for dispensing a product from a bulk bin dispenser, the method comprising:
providing the bulk bin dispenser containing a product with a distinct weight; dispensing a portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser into a portable container; measuring, by a digital scale, a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when the portion of the product is dispensed into the portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and transmitting, by a processor, an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via a touchscreen interface, and
wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator configured to open and dispense the portion of the product via receipt of an instruction from the touchscreen interface. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 17. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser comprising a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container; a printer configured to generate a label with a digital code; and a controller configured to automatically prompt the printer to generate the label indicating a dispensed weight and/or an associated cost of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container based on the change in the weight of the bulk bin dispenser. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. | The disclosure relates to systems and methods for a bulk bin dispenser. In one embodiment, the system includes a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight. The system further includes a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container. The system further includes a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight.1. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser configured to store a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and a processor configured to transmit an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the display comprises a touchscreen interface. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator triggered to open and dispense the portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser by the touchscreen interface, and
wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via the touchscreen interface. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a gravity bin. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a scoop bin. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital scale comprises a load cell. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 12. A method for dispensing a product from a bulk bin dispenser, the method comprising:
providing the bulk bin dispenser containing a product with a distinct weight; dispensing a portion of the product from the bulk bin dispenser into a portable container; measuring, by a digital scale, a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when the portion of the product is dispensed into the portable container, wherein the change in the weight is a dispensed weight of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container; and transmitting, by a processor, an associated cost for the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container to a store check-out system without printing a label for the dispensed weight. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a customer is configured to select the portion of the product to be dispensed via a touchscreen interface, and
wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises an actuator configured to open and dispense the portion of the product via receipt of an instruction from the touchscreen interface. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a lever, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by pulling the lever. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser comprises a crank, and
wherein a customer is configured to dispense the portion of the product by turning the crank. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. 17. A system comprising:
a bulk bin dispenser comprising a product with a distinct weight; a digital scale configured to measure a change in weight of the bulk bin dispenser when a portion of the product is dispensed into a portable container; a printer configured to generate a label with a digital code; and a controller configured to automatically prompt the printer to generate the label indicating a dispensed weight and/or an associated cost of the portion of the product dispensed into the portable container based on the change in the weight of the bulk bin dispenser. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a display configured to show information related to the product in the bulk bin dispenser. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the display is configured to show the dispensed weight, the associated cost, or a combination thereof. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the bulk bin dispenser is a bulk bin food dispenser, and
wherein the product is a food item. | 3,700 |
344,224 | 16,803,649 | 3,747 | Systems and methods of in situ pressure control at an anatomical environment during a procedure are disclosed. An exemplary irrigation and suction system comprises a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment, or a desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure. The system comprises a pressure sensor to sense a pressure at or near the anatomical environment, and a control module to adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate of at least one working channel of a medical device to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure, or to maintain the desired flow condition in the working channel during the procedure. | 1. A system for maintaining a pressure applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in a patient during a procedure using a medical device, the system comprising:
a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and a control module configured to, based on the sensed pressure, control one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through at least one working channel of the medical device to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the user input is configured to receive a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and the control module is configured to control one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through at least one working channel of the medical device to maintain the desired flow condition. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to:
fluidly couple an irrigation source to the at least one working channel to provide an irrigation fluid thereto at an adjustable irrigation flow rate; and fluidly couple a suction source to the at least one working channel to supply a suction pressure thereto at an adjustable suction flow rate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one working channel includes an irrigation channel and a suction channel, and
wherein the control module is configured to provide the irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel at the adjustable irrigation flow rate, and to provide the suction pressure to the suction channel at the adjustable suction flow rate. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the user input is configured to receive a user command of increasing or decreasing one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein the control module is configured to:
in response to an increase in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the irrigation flow rate, increase the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the increase in the sensed pressure; and in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the suction flow rate, increase the irrigation flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the decrease in the sensed pressure. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure of the anatomical environment, and
wherein the control module is configured to increase the irrigation flow rate or to decrease the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure of the anatomical environment, and
wherein the control module is configured to decrease the irrigation flow rate or to increase the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a tissue removal device at least partially insertable into the anatomical site, tissue removal device configured to illuminate at least a portion of the anatomical environment and surrounding environment, provide an image of the anatomical environment, resect unwanted tissue from the anatomical environment, and remove the resected tissue through the at least one working channel, and
wherein the control module is configured to adjust one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a nephroscope at least partially insertable into a portion of a urinary tract of the patient, the nephroscope configured to illuminate renal mass and surrounding environment, provide an image of the illuminated renal mass, break the renal mass into fragments, and remove the renal mass fragments through the at least one working channel; and
wherein the control module is configured to adjust one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate to maintain the pressure of the environment surrounding the renal mass at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 11. An endoscopic surgical system, comprising:
an endoscope including an imaging module, a surgical module, and at least one working channel configured to conduct an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure; a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site; a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and a control module configured to, based on the sensed pressure, adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 12. The endoscopic surgical system of claim 11, wherein:
the at least one working channel includes an irrigation channel and a suction channel; and the control module is configured to:
fluidly couple an irrigation source to the irrigation channel to provide an irrigation fluid thereto at an adjustable irrigation flow rate; and
fluidly couple a suction source to the suction channel to supply a suction pressure thereto at an adjustable suction flow rate. 13. The endoscopic surgical system of claim 11, wherein the user input is configured to receive a user command of increasing or decreasing one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate, and wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure, a positive pressure, or a negative pressure of the anatomical environment. 14. A method of maintaining a pressure applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in a patient during a procedure using a medical device, the method comprising:
receiving, via a user input, a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site; sensing a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site via a pressure sensor; and based on the sensed pressure, adjusting one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel via a control module to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 15. The method of claim 14, comprising:
receiving a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and adjusting one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the desired flow condition. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one working channel includes an irrigation channel and a suction channel, the method comprising:
controlling an irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid at the adjustable irrigation in irrigation channel; and controlling a suction source to provide a suction pressure at an adjustable suction flow rate through the suction channel. 17. The method of claim 16, comprising receiving from the user input a user command of increasing or decreasing one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein adjusting the one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate includes:
in response to an increase in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the irrigation flow rate, increasing the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the increase in the sensed pressure; and in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the suction flow rate, increasing the irrigation flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the decrease in the sensed pressure. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein adjusting the one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate includes increasing the irrigation flow rate or decreasing the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein adjusting the one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate includes decreasing the irrigation flow rate or increasing the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. | Systems and methods of in situ pressure control at an anatomical environment during a procedure are disclosed. An exemplary irrigation and suction system comprises a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment, or a desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure. The system comprises a pressure sensor to sense a pressure at or near the anatomical environment, and a control module to adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate of at least one working channel of a medical device to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure, or to maintain the desired flow condition in the working channel during the procedure.1. A system for maintaining a pressure applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in a patient during a procedure using a medical device, the system comprising:
a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and a control module configured to, based on the sensed pressure, control one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through at least one working channel of the medical device to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the user input is configured to receive a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and the control module is configured to control one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through at least one working channel of the medical device to maintain the desired flow condition. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to:
fluidly couple an irrigation source to the at least one working channel to provide an irrigation fluid thereto at an adjustable irrigation flow rate; and fluidly couple a suction source to the at least one working channel to supply a suction pressure thereto at an adjustable suction flow rate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one working channel includes an irrigation channel and a suction channel, and
wherein the control module is configured to provide the irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel at the adjustable irrigation flow rate, and to provide the suction pressure to the suction channel at the adjustable suction flow rate. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the user input is configured to receive a user command of increasing or decreasing one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein the control module is configured to:
in response to an increase in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the irrigation flow rate, increase the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the increase in the sensed pressure; and in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the suction flow rate, increase the irrigation flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the decrease in the sensed pressure. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure of the anatomical environment, and
wherein the control module is configured to increase the irrigation flow rate or to decrease the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure of the anatomical environment, and
wherein the control module is configured to decrease the irrigation flow rate or to increase the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a tissue removal device at least partially insertable into the anatomical site, tissue removal device configured to illuminate at least a portion of the anatomical environment and surrounding environment, provide an image of the anatomical environment, resect unwanted tissue from the anatomical environment, and remove the resected tissue through the at least one working channel, and
wherein the control module is configured to adjust one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a nephroscope at least partially insertable into a portion of a urinary tract of the patient, the nephroscope configured to illuminate renal mass and surrounding environment, provide an image of the illuminated renal mass, break the renal mass into fragments, and remove the renal mass fragments through the at least one working channel; and
wherein the control module is configured to adjust one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate to maintain the pressure of the environment surrounding the renal mass at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 11. An endoscopic surgical system, comprising:
an endoscope including an imaging module, a surgical module, and at least one working channel configured to conduct an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure; a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site; a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and a control module configured to, based on the sensed pressure, adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 12. The endoscopic surgical system of claim 11, wherein:
the at least one working channel includes an irrigation channel and a suction channel; and the control module is configured to:
fluidly couple an irrigation source to the irrigation channel to provide an irrigation fluid thereto at an adjustable irrigation flow rate; and
fluidly couple a suction source to the suction channel to supply a suction pressure thereto at an adjustable suction flow rate. 13. The endoscopic surgical system of claim 11, wherein the user input is configured to receive a user command of increasing or decreasing one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate, and wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure, a positive pressure, or a negative pressure of the anatomical environment. 14. A method of maintaining a pressure applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in a patient during a procedure using a medical device, the method comprising:
receiving, via a user input, a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site; sensing a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site via a pressure sensor; and based on the sensed pressure, adjusting one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel via a control module to maintain the pressure of the anatomical environment at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 15. The method of claim 14, comprising:
receiving a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and adjusting one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the desired flow condition. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one working channel includes an irrigation channel and a suction channel, the method comprising:
controlling an irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid at the adjustable irrigation in irrigation channel; and controlling a suction source to provide a suction pressure at an adjustable suction flow rate through the suction channel. 17. The method of claim 16, comprising receiving from the user input a user command of increasing or decreasing one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein adjusting the one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate includes:
in response to an increase in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the irrigation flow rate, increasing the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the increase in the sensed pressure; and in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure produced by an increase in the suction flow rate, increasing the irrigation flow rate through the at least one working channel to substantially neutralize the decrease in the sensed pressure. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein adjusting the one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate includes increasing the irrigation flow rate or decreasing the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure of the anatomical environment, and wherein adjusting the one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate includes decreasing the irrigation flow rate or increasing the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel until the sensed pressure reaches substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. | 3,700 |
344,225 | 16,803,670 | 3,747 | A method and system for measuring a service transmission status of a user equipment is provided. A first service station transmits a first data packet for a user equipment; the first service station determines at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment; and the first service station instructs the at least one second service station to measure a service transmission status of the user equipment, where the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. According to the method and system, a service transmission status of a user equipment can be measured in a multi-station transmission scenario. | 1. A method for measuring a service transmission status of a user equipment, comprising:
transmitting, by a first service station, a first data packet for the user equipment; determining, by the first service station, at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment; and sending, by the first service station to the at least one second service station, device identification information used for identifying a trace collection entity (TCE) and measurement identification information used for identifying a service transmission status measurement performed for the user equipment, wherein after determining a measurement result for the user equipment, the at least one second service station reports the determined measurement result together with the measurement identification information to the TCE identified by the device identification information, and wherein the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after receiving a notification message, for instructing to activate the measurement, of a measurement trigger device, acquiring, by the first service station, the device identification information and the measurement identification information from the received notification message. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the first service station to a particular core network, the received second data packet that is sent by the user equipment to the particular core network by using the second service station; and sending, by the first service station to the user equipment by using the second service station, the received second data packet that is sent by the particular core network to the user equipment, wherein the particular core network is a core network that transmits the second data packet for the user equipment. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the sending by the first service station, device identification information and measurement identification information, the method further comprises:
determining, by the first service station, a final measurement result for the user equipment according to a received measurement result returned by one second service station; or merging, by the first service station, received measurement results returned by at least two second service stations, and determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to a merging result; or merging, by the first service station, a determined service transmission status measurement result for the user equipment and a received measurement result returned by the at least one second service station, and determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to the merging result. 5. A service station, wherein the service station comprises:
a transceiver configured to transmit a first data packet for a user equipment; and a processor configured to determine at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment, wherein the transceiver is further configured to send, to the at least one second service station, device identification information used for identifying a trace collection entity (TCE) and measurement identification information used for identifying a service transmission status measurement performed for the user equipment, wherein after determining a measurement result for the user equipment, the at least one second service station reports the determined measurement result together with the measurement identification information to the TCE identified by the device identification information, and wherein the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. 6. The service station according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
acquire the device identification information and the measurement identification information from the notification message received by the transceiver. 7. The service station according to claim 5, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
send, to a particular core network, the received second data packet that is sent by the user equipment to the particular core network by using the second service station; and send, to the user equipment by using the second service station, the received second data packet that is sent by the particular core network to the user equipment, wherein the particular core network is a core network that transmits the second data packet for the user equipment. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a final measurement result for the user equipment according to a received measurement result returned by one second service station; or merge received measurement results returned by at least two second service stations, and then determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to a merging result; or merge a determined service transmission status measurement result for the user equipment and a received measurement result returned by the at least one second service station, and then determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to the merging result. | A method and system for measuring a service transmission status of a user equipment is provided. A first service station transmits a first data packet for a user equipment; the first service station determines at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment; and the first service station instructs the at least one second service station to measure a service transmission status of the user equipment, where the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. According to the method and system, a service transmission status of a user equipment can be measured in a multi-station transmission scenario.1. A method for measuring a service transmission status of a user equipment, comprising:
transmitting, by a first service station, a first data packet for the user equipment; determining, by the first service station, at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment; and sending, by the first service station to the at least one second service station, device identification information used for identifying a trace collection entity (TCE) and measurement identification information used for identifying a service transmission status measurement performed for the user equipment, wherein after determining a measurement result for the user equipment, the at least one second service station reports the determined measurement result together with the measurement identification information to the TCE identified by the device identification information, and wherein the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after receiving a notification message, for instructing to activate the measurement, of a measurement trigger device, acquiring, by the first service station, the device identification information and the measurement identification information from the received notification message. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the first service station to a particular core network, the received second data packet that is sent by the user equipment to the particular core network by using the second service station; and sending, by the first service station to the user equipment by using the second service station, the received second data packet that is sent by the particular core network to the user equipment, wherein the particular core network is a core network that transmits the second data packet for the user equipment. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the sending by the first service station, device identification information and measurement identification information, the method further comprises:
determining, by the first service station, a final measurement result for the user equipment according to a received measurement result returned by one second service station; or merging, by the first service station, received measurement results returned by at least two second service stations, and determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to a merging result; or merging, by the first service station, a determined service transmission status measurement result for the user equipment and a received measurement result returned by the at least one second service station, and determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to the merging result. 5. A service station, wherein the service station comprises:
a transceiver configured to transmit a first data packet for a user equipment; and a processor configured to determine at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment, wherein the transceiver is further configured to send, to the at least one second service station, device identification information used for identifying a trace collection entity (TCE) and measurement identification information used for identifying a service transmission status measurement performed for the user equipment, wherein after determining a measurement result for the user equipment, the at least one second service station reports the determined measurement result together with the measurement identification information to the TCE identified by the device identification information, and wherein the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. 6. The service station according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
acquire the device identification information and the measurement identification information from the notification message received by the transceiver. 7. The service station according to claim 5, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
send, to a particular core network, the received second data packet that is sent by the user equipment to the particular core network by using the second service station; and send, to the user equipment by using the second service station, the received second data packet that is sent by the particular core network to the user equipment, wherein the particular core network is a core network that transmits the second data packet for the user equipment. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a final measurement result for the user equipment according to a received measurement result returned by one second service station; or merge received measurement results returned by at least two second service stations, and then determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to a merging result; or merge a determined service transmission status measurement result for the user equipment and a received measurement result returned by the at least one second service station, and then determining the final measurement result for the user equipment according to the merging result. | 3,700 |
344,226 | 16,803,694 | 3,715 | Systems and computer-implemented methods for a bet exchange. The bet exchange receives bet orders from users and matches bet-for orders with bet-against orders to generate instances of standardized bet contracts. The bet-for orders are bets on a bet event occurring, and bet-against orders are bets on a bet event not occurring. The bet events have a standardized payout amount, which is used to determine a value to transfer to the trader that made the bet-for order when the bet event occurs, or to the trader that made the bet-against order when the bet event does not occur. | 1. A bet exchange system comprising:
a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices; a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of users, the client devices having a display, a graphical user interface (GUI), and a bet exchange client application configured to generate a bet order from data entered by the user using an order entry screen, where the bet order includes digital data corresponding to a buy order or a sell order for a bet-for position on a bet event occurring or a bet-against position on the bet event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount entered by the user, to transmit the bet order via the data network to a server configured to receive a plurality of bet orders from the plurality of client devices; and display at least one bet position indicative of a corresponding at least one standardized bet contract generated by the server from previously transmitted bet orders, where each bet position displayed includes at least the last trade value for the bet position, and a selector for opening an order entry screen for the bet position to receive data from the user to modify the user's bet position; a system database configured to store bet records and executable programs configured to receive and send communications over the data network, and to perform program functions of the bet exchange system; a plurality of bet orders received electronically over the data network; a bet exchange core module comprising program functions executed by a processor operating in the server, the bet exchange core module configured to match buy orders with sell orders, the buy orders including buy-to-open (BTO) orders and the sell orders including sell-to-open (STO) orders, and to generate instances of two-party standardized bet contracts each having a bet-for position and a bet-against position on the bet event, each standardized bet contract comprising a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, where the bet exchange core module compares the limit amount of the bet orders to determine a trade amount for a match that does not exceed the limit amounts of the bet orders; and a fulfillment module configured to manage a transfer of an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to traders holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the traders holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 2. The bet exchange system of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencing module configured to receive unfilled bet orders and to store the unfilled bet-for orders in a buy-side of an order book in a buy sequence starting from a highest valued unfilled bet-for order to a lowest valued unfilled bet-for order, the sequencing module further configured to store unfilled bet-against orders in a sell-side of the order book in a sell sequence starting from a lowest valued unfilled bet-against order to a highest valued bet-against order. 3. The bet exchange system of claim 2 where the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders;
setting the trade amount of a match between each BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order received earlier in time. 4. The bet exchange system of claim 3 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders, one of either the BTO order or the STO order is a received bet order and the other one of the BTO order or the STO order is retrieved from the order book, the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
setting the trade amount of the match between the BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order retrieved from the order book. 5. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders:
determining, during the comparing of the received bet order and the bet order in the order book whether a match based on the limit amount of the bet order from the order book is immediately executable; and
moving the received bet order to the order book if the match is not immediately executable. 6. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where:
a plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, and the bet exchange core module, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, compares bet orders in combinations consisting of: BTO orders with STC orders, BTC orders with STO orders, and BTC orders with STC orders, the bet exchange system further comprising:
a position modifier module configured to:
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
match bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contract and generate a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 7. The bet exchange system of claim 6 where each bet order includes a shares quantity indicative of, for bet-for orders, a number of bet-for shares in the bet-for position for which the bet-for order is place or, for bet-against orders, a number of bet-against shares requested in the bet-against position for which the bet-against order is placed. 8. The bet exchange system of claim 7 further comprising a current positions list corresponding to each trader where, when generating the instance of the standardized bet contract, the bet position generated in the standardized bet contract is transferred to the current positions list of the trader that sent the bet order, where each bet position comprises a quantity of shares, an average amount paid for each share, and an order type identifier. 9. The bet exchange system of claim 8 where, each bet order received is sent by an order maker as either a bet-for order or a bet-against order, and the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-for order, whether the current position list for the order maker of the received bet-for order includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTO order when the current position list of the bet-for order maker does not include any existing positions in the standardized bet event;
determines whether the existing positions of the bet-for order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a BTO order when the existing positions of the trader in the standardized bet event are bet-for positions;
determines when the existing positions of the bet-for order maker are bet-against positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the quantity of existing bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-against positions and moving the received bet-for order to the order book as a BTO order with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-for order when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the share quantity of existing bet-against positions; and
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order for a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-for order and leaving the existing bet-against positions as bet-against positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of existing bet-against positions when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is less than or equal to the share quantity of existing bet-against positions. 10. The bet exchange system of claim 9 in receiving each bet order, the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-against order, whether the current position list for the bet-against order maker includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the current position list of the bet-against order maker does not include any existing positions in the bet event;
determine whether the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-against positions;
determine when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker are bet-for positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share-quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions and moving the received bet-against order as a STO order to the order book with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-against order when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of existing buy-for positions; and
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-against order and leaving the existing bet-for positions as bet-for positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the quantity of existing bet-for positions when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is less than the share quantity of existing bet-for positions. 11. The bet exchange system of claim 10 where in receiving the plurality of bet orders, the system further comprises:
an order sequencer configured to sequence the unfilled BTO orders and BTC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a highest limit amount to a lowest limit amount, and to sequence the unfilled STO orders and STC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a lowest limit amount to a highest limit amount. 12. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching the one of the BTO orders with STO orders, the bet exchange core module further:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STO order;
generates the instance of the standardized bet contract between the BTO order and the STO order for the bet event;
deduct the value of the trade based on the trade amount per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the trader that made the BTO order; and
deduct the value of the trade based on the standardized payout amount minus the trade amount per share for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the trader that made the STO order. 13. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTO orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value of the bet event per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STC order;
deducts the last trade value per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the trader that made the BTO order; and
add the last trade value per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the match to the available balance of the trader that made the STC order. 14. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STO orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STO order;
adds the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share of the bet event for the quantity of shares matched from the available balance of the trader that made the BTC order; and
deducts the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the trader that made the STO order. 15. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STC order;
adds the standard payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the trader that made the STC order; and
adds the last trade value per share for the quantity of shares in the match to the available balance of the trader that made the STC order. 16. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where the bet exchange core module:
stores unfilled bet-for orders that could not be immediately executed in the order book on a for-side separate from an against-side; and
stores unfilled bet-against orders in the order book in the against-side. 17. A non-transitory, computer-implemented method on a bet exchange system operating on a server and having a system database, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of bet orders over a data network from a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of traders, where the client devices each include a bet exchange client application, where the bet orders comprise digital data representing buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount and an order type including a buy-to-open (“BTO”) order to open bet-for positions and a sell-to-open (“STO”) order to open bet-against positions, where the bet exchange client application operating on the client devices receives digital data from the user via a graphical user interface to generate the bet orders; comparing, by a processor on the server, the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders to determine a trade amount for a match between BTO and STO orders; generating, by the processor on the server, an instance of a two-party standardized bet contract when the trade amount of a match between one of the BTO orders and one of the STO orders is less than or equal to a value based on the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STO order, where the BTO order and the STO order in the standardized bet contracts become a bet-for position and a bet-against position, respectively, for the traders that sent the bet orders, where each standardized bet contract comprises a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, and each instance of a standardized bet contract further includes the bet-for position and the bet-against position on the bet event; and settling, by the processor on the server, the instances of standardized bet contracts by transferring an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the traders holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the traders holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 18. The method of claim 17 where:
the step of receiving the plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes receiving buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, the method further comprising:
comparing, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, bet orders in combinations comprising BTO with STC orders, BTC with STO orders, and BTC with STC orders, the method further comprising:
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position to a new bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position to a new bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
matching bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contracts and generating a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 19. The method of claim 17 where the step of comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders comprises:
where one of the bet orders is a received bet order and is either a received BTO order or a received STO order, and the other one of the bet orders is an unfilled bet order that is either an unfilled BTO order or an unfilled STO order, setting the trade amount of a match between one of the received bet orders and one of the unfilled bet orders to the limit amount of the unfilled bet order. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
creating a user account in the system database for each trader associated with the plurality of client devices, each user account comprising a bet portfolio comprising a trader current positions list, and an available balance for the trader. | Systems and computer-implemented methods for a bet exchange. The bet exchange receives bet orders from users and matches bet-for orders with bet-against orders to generate instances of standardized bet contracts. The bet-for orders are bets on a bet event occurring, and bet-against orders are bets on a bet event not occurring. The bet events have a standardized payout amount, which is used to determine a value to transfer to the trader that made the bet-for order when the bet event occurs, or to the trader that made the bet-against order when the bet event does not occur.1. A bet exchange system comprising:
a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices; a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of users, the client devices having a display, a graphical user interface (GUI), and a bet exchange client application configured to generate a bet order from data entered by the user using an order entry screen, where the bet order includes digital data corresponding to a buy order or a sell order for a bet-for position on a bet event occurring or a bet-against position on the bet event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount entered by the user, to transmit the bet order via the data network to a server configured to receive a plurality of bet orders from the plurality of client devices; and display at least one bet position indicative of a corresponding at least one standardized bet contract generated by the server from previously transmitted bet orders, where each bet position displayed includes at least the last trade value for the bet position, and a selector for opening an order entry screen for the bet position to receive data from the user to modify the user's bet position; a system database configured to store bet records and executable programs configured to receive and send communications over the data network, and to perform program functions of the bet exchange system; a plurality of bet orders received electronically over the data network; a bet exchange core module comprising program functions executed by a processor operating in the server, the bet exchange core module configured to match buy orders with sell orders, the buy orders including buy-to-open (BTO) orders and the sell orders including sell-to-open (STO) orders, and to generate instances of two-party standardized bet contracts each having a bet-for position and a bet-against position on the bet event, each standardized bet contract comprising a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, where the bet exchange core module compares the limit amount of the bet orders to determine a trade amount for a match that does not exceed the limit amounts of the bet orders; and a fulfillment module configured to manage a transfer of an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to traders holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the traders holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 2. The bet exchange system of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencing module configured to receive unfilled bet orders and to store the unfilled bet-for orders in a buy-side of an order book in a buy sequence starting from a highest valued unfilled bet-for order to a lowest valued unfilled bet-for order, the sequencing module further configured to store unfilled bet-against orders in a sell-side of the order book in a sell sequence starting from a lowest valued unfilled bet-against order to a highest valued bet-against order. 3. The bet exchange system of claim 2 where the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders;
setting the trade amount of a match between each BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order received earlier in time. 4. The bet exchange system of claim 3 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders, one of either the BTO order or the STO order is a received bet order and the other one of the BTO order or the STO order is retrieved from the order book, the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
setting the trade amount of the match between the BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order retrieved from the order book. 5. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders:
determining, during the comparing of the received bet order and the bet order in the order book whether a match based on the limit amount of the bet order from the order book is immediately executable; and
moving the received bet order to the order book if the match is not immediately executable. 6. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where:
a plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, and the bet exchange core module, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, compares bet orders in combinations consisting of: BTO orders with STC orders, BTC orders with STO orders, and BTC orders with STC orders, the bet exchange system further comprising:
a position modifier module configured to:
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
match bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contract and generate a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 7. The bet exchange system of claim 6 where each bet order includes a shares quantity indicative of, for bet-for orders, a number of bet-for shares in the bet-for position for which the bet-for order is place or, for bet-against orders, a number of bet-against shares requested in the bet-against position for which the bet-against order is placed. 8. The bet exchange system of claim 7 further comprising a current positions list corresponding to each trader where, when generating the instance of the standardized bet contract, the bet position generated in the standardized bet contract is transferred to the current positions list of the trader that sent the bet order, where each bet position comprises a quantity of shares, an average amount paid for each share, and an order type identifier. 9. The bet exchange system of claim 8 where, each bet order received is sent by an order maker as either a bet-for order or a bet-against order, and the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-for order, whether the current position list for the order maker of the received bet-for order includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTO order when the current position list of the bet-for order maker does not include any existing positions in the standardized bet event;
determines whether the existing positions of the bet-for order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a BTO order when the existing positions of the trader in the standardized bet event are bet-for positions;
determines when the existing positions of the bet-for order maker are bet-against positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the quantity of existing bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-against positions and moving the received bet-for order to the order book as a BTO order with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-for order when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the share quantity of existing bet-against positions; and
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order for a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-for order and leaving the existing bet-against positions as bet-against positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of existing bet-against positions when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is less than or equal to the share quantity of existing bet-against positions. 10. The bet exchange system of claim 9 in receiving each bet order, the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-against order, whether the current position list for the bet-against order maker includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the current position list of the bet-against order maker does not include any existing positions in the bet event;
determine whether the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-against positions;
determine when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker are bet-for positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share-quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions and moving the received bet-against order as a STO order to the order book with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-against order when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of existing buy-for positions; and
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-against order and leaving the existing bet-for positions as bet-for positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the quantity of existing bet-for positions when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is less than the share quantity of existing bet-for positions. 11. The bet exchange system of claim 10 where in receiving the plurality of bet orders, the system further comprises:
an order sequencer configured to sequence the unfilled BTO orders and BTC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a highest limit amount to a lowest limit amount, and to sequence the unfilled STO orders and STC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a lowest limit amount to a highest limit amount. 12. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching the one of the BTO orders with STO orders, the bet exchange core module further:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STO order;
generates the instance of the standardized bet contract between the BTO order and the STO order for the bet event;
deduct the value of the trade based on the trade amount per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the trader that made the BTO order; and
deduct the value of the trade based on the standardized payout amount minus the trade amount per share for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the trader that made the STO order. 13. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTO orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value of the bet event per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STC order;
deducts the last trade value per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the trader that made the BTO order; and
add the last trade value per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the match to the available balance of the trader that made the STC order. 14. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STO orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STO order;
adds the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share of the bet event for the quantity of shares matched from the available balance of the trader that made the BTC order; and
deducts the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the trader that made the STO order. 15. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STC order;
adds the standard payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the trader that made the STC order; and
adds the last trade value per share for the quantity of shares in the match to the available balance of the trader that made the STC order. 16. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where the bet exchange core module:
stores unfilled bet-for orders that could not be immediately executed in the order book on a for-side separate from an against-side; and
stores unfilled bet-against orders in the order book in the against-side. 17. A non-transitory, computer-implemented method on a bet exchange system operating on a server and having a system database, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of bet orders over a data network from a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of traders, where the client devices each include a bet exchange client application, where the bet orders comprise digital data representing buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount and an order type including a buy-to-open (“BTO”) order to open bet-for positions and a sell-to-open (“STO”) order to open bet-against positions, where the bet exchange client application operating on the client devices receives digital data from the user via a graphical user interface to generate the bet orders; comparing, by a processor on the server, the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders to determine a trade amount for a match between BTO and STO orders; generating, by the processor on the server, an instance of a two-party standardized bet contract when the trade amount of a match between one of the BTO orders and one of the STO orders is less than or equal to a value based on the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STO order, where the BTO order and the STO order in the standardized bet contracts become a bet-for position and a bet-against position, respectively, for the traders that sent the bet orders, where each standardized bet contract comprises a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, and each instance of a standardized bet contract further includes the bet-for position and the bet-against position on the bet event; and settling, by the processor on the server, the instances of standardized bet contracts by transferring an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the traders holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the traders holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 18. The method of claim 17 where:
the step of receiving the plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes receiving buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, the method further comprising:
comparing, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, bet orders in combinations comprising BTO with STC orders, BTC with STO orders, and BTC with STC orders, the method further comprising:
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position to a new bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position to a new bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
matching bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contracts and generating a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 19. The method of claim 17 where the step of comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders comprises:
where one of the bet orders is a received bet order and is either a received BTO order or a received STO order, and the other one of the bet orders is an unfilled bet order that is either an unfilled BTO order or an unfilled STO order, setting the trade amount of a match between one of the received bet orders and one of the unfilled bet orders to the limit amount of the unfilled bet order. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
creating a user account in the system database for each trader associated with the plurality of client devices, each user account comprising a bet portfolio comprising a trader current positions list, and an available balance for the trader. | 3,700 |
344,227 | 16,803,679 | 3,715 | A network node has a graceful restart mode in which the node: sends a graceful restart notification to one or more neighbouring nodes; attempts to re-establish an adjacency with the neighbouring node(s); receives link state data from at least one of the neighbouring node(s), the received data being sent in response to said attempt; derives pre-restart link data from the received data, the derived data identifying formerly active links, including the node, for routing traffic before the restart; routes network traffic in accordance with routing information stored in the router; detects one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; continues with graceful restart after said detection; determines one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently active; and exits the graceful restart mode in response to successful re-establishment of adjacencies with a respective neighbouring node for each of the currently active link(s). | 1. A network node for use in a communications network, the network node having a graceful restart mode, wherein in the graceful restart mode the network node is arranged to perform the steps of:
sending a graceful restart notification to one or more neighbouring nodes; attempting to re-establish an adjacency with each of the one or more neighbouring nodes; receiving link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the link state data being sent in response to the attempt to re-establish an adjacency, deriving pre-restart link data from the received link state data, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links for routing traffic before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node; routing network traffic in accordance with routing information stored in the router; detecting one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; continuing with graceful restart after the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; determining one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently active; and exiting the graceful restart mode in response to successful re-establishment of adjacencies with a respective neighbouring node for each of the one or more links which are currently active. 2. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to directly detect one or more of said currently inactive links, without receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 3. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to indirectly detect one or more of said currently inactive links, by receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 4. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to exit the graceful restart mode if the adjacencies with the respective node for each of the one or more links which are currently active are not re-established within a predetermined time-out period. 5. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to:
detect one or more high priority links of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of the one or more high priority links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 6. The network node of claim 5, wherein the one or more high priority links are classified as high priority in accordance with the traffic carried by the one or more links before the restart. 7. The network node of claim 6, wherein the one or more high priority links are classified as high priority if the traffic carried by the links before the restart exceeds a pre-determined threshold value. 8. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to
exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive, the decision to exit the graceful restart mode being made in accordance with the number of currently inactive links. 9. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to
exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive, the decision to exit the graceful restart mode being made in accordance with the traffic carried by the currently inactive links before the restart. 10. The network node of claim 1, where the Open Shortest Path First routing protocol is used to route data. 11. The network node of claim 1, the network node having a first graceful restart mode and a second graceful restart mode, wherein:
the network node is configurable to perform graceful restart according to the first graceful restart mode or the second graceful restart mode; the network node, when configured in the first graceful restart mode, is configured to perform the steps of claim 1; and the network node, when configured in the second graceful restart mode, is configured to perform the steps of:
attempting to re-establish an adjacency with each of one or more neighbouring nodes;
receiving pre-restart link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the pre-restart link state data being sent in response to the attempt to re-establish an adjacency, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links via which traffic was routed before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node;
storing routing information based upon the received pre-restart link state data;
routing network traffic in accordance with the routing information;
detecting one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and
exiting the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 12. A communications network comprising a plurality of network nodes, the plurality of network nodes being connected by a plurality of links, wherein one or more of the network nodes comprise the network node of claim 11. 13. A method of operating a network node, the network node having a graceful restart mode, wherein in the graceful restart mode the network node is arranged to:
send a graceful restart notification to one or more neighbouring nodes; attempt to re-establish an adjacency with each of the one or more neighbouring nodes receive link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the link state data being sent in response to the attempt to re-establish an adjacency, derive pre-restart link data from the received link state data, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links for routing traffic before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node; route network traffic in accordance with routing information stored in the router; detect one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; continue with graceful restart after the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; determine one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently active; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to successful re-establishment of adjacencies with a respective neighbouring node for each of the one or more links which are currently active. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more of said currently inactive links are detected directly, without receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more of said currently inactive links are detected indirectly, by receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the network node is arranged to exit the graceful restart mode if the adjacencies with the neighbouring node for each of the one or more links which are currently active are not re-established within a predetermined time-out period. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the network node is configured to:
detect one or more high priority links of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of the one or more high priority links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the network node, is configured to:
exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive, the decision to exit the graceful restart mode being made in accordance with the traffic carried by the currently inactive links before the restart. 19. The method of claim 13, the network node having a first graceful restart mode and a second graceful restart mode, wherein:
the network node is configurable to perform graceful restart according to the first graceful restart mode or the second graceful restart mode; the network node, when configured in the first graceful restart mode, is configured to perform the method of claim 13; and the network node, when configured in the second graceful restart mode, is configured to: attempt to re-establish an adjacency with each of the one or more neighbouring nodes; receive pre-restart link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the pre-restart link state data being sent in response to attempt to re-establish an adjacency, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links via which traffic was routed before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node; store routing information based upon the received pre-restart link state data; route network traffic in accordance with the routing information; detect one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 20. A data carrier device comprising computer executable code for performing the method of claim 13. | A network node has a graceful restart mode in which the node: sends a graceful restart notification to one or more neighbouring nodes; attempts to re-establish an adjacency with the neighbouring node(s); receives link state data from at least one of the neighbouring node(s), the received data being sent in response to said attempt; derives pre-restart link data from the received data, the derived data identifying formerly active links, including the node, for routing traffic before the restart; routes network traffic in accordance with routing information stored in the router; detects one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; continues with graceful restart after said detection; determines one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently active; and exits the graceful restart mode in response to successful re-establishment of adjacencies with a respective neighbouring node for each of the currently active link(s).1. A network node for use in a communications network, the network node having a graceful restart mode, wherein in the graceful restart mode the network node is arranged to perform the steps of:
sending a graceful restart notification to one or more neighbouring nodes; attempting to re-establish an adjacency with each of the one or more neighbouring nodes; receiving link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the link state data being sent in response to the attempt to re-establish an adjacency, deriving pre-restart link data from the received link state data, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links for routing traffic before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node; routing network traffic in accordance with routing information stored in the router; detecting one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; continuing with graceful restart after the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; determining one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently active; and exiting the graceful restart mode in response to successful re-establishment of adjacencies with a respective neighbouring node for each of the one or more links which are currently active. 2. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to directly detect one or more of said currently inactive links, without receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 3. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to indirectly detect one or more of said currently inactive links, by receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 4. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to exit the graceful restart mode if the adjacencies with the respective node for each of the one or more links which are currently active are not re-established within a predetermined time-out period. 5. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to:
detect one or more high priority links of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of the one or more high priority links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 6. The network node of claim 5, wherein the one or more high priority links are classified as high priority in accordance with the traffic carried by the one or more links before the restart. 7. The network node of claim 6, wherein the one or more high priority links are classified as high priority if the traffic carried by the links before the restart exceeds a pre-determined threshold value. 8. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to
exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive, the decision to exit the graceful restart mode being made in accordance with the number of currently inactive links. 9. The network node of claim 1, wherein the network node is arranged to
exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive, the decision to exit the graceful restart mode being made in accordance with the traffic carried by the currently inactive links before the restart. 10. The network node of claim 1, where the Open Shortest Path First routing protocol is used to route data. 11. The network node of claim 1, the network node having a first graceful restart mode and a second graceful restart mode, wherein:
the network node is configurable to perform graceful restart according to the first graceful restart mode or the second graceful restart mode; the network node, when configured in the first graceful restart mode, is configured to perform the steps of claim 1; and the network node, when configured in the second graceful restart mode, is configured to perform the steps of:
attempting to re-establish an adjacency with each of one or more neighbouring nodes;
receiving pre-restart link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the pre-restart link state data being sent in response to the attempt to re-establish an adjacency, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links via which traffic was routed before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node;
storing routing information based upon the received pre-restart link state data;
routing network traffic in accordance with the routing information;
detecting one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and
exiting the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 12. A communications network comprising a plurality of network nodes, the plurality of network nodes being connected by a plurality of links, wherein one or more of the network nodes comprise the network node of claim 11. 13. A method of operating a network node, the network node having a graceful restart mode, wherein in the graceful restart mode the network node is arranged to:
send a graceful restart notification to one or more neighbouring nodes; attempt to re-establish an adjacency with each of the one or more neighbouring nodes receive link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the link state data being sent in response to the attempt to re-establish an adjacency, derive pre-restart link data from the received link state data, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links for routing traffic before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node; route network traffic in accordance with routing information stored in the router; detect one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; continue with graceful restart after the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; determine one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently active; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to successful re-establishment of adjacencies with a respective neighbouring node for each of the one or more links which are currently active. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more of said currently inactive links are detected directly, without receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more of said currently inactive links are detected indirectly, by receiving link state update data from one or more neighbouring nodes relating to said currently inactive links. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the network node is arranged to exit the graceful restart mode if the adjacencies with the neighbouring node for each of the one or more links which are currently active are not re-established within a predetermined time-out period. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the network node is configured to:
detect one or more high priority links of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of the one or more high priority links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the network node, is configured to:
exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive, the decision to exit the graceful restart mode being made in accordance with the traffic carried by the currently inactive links before the restart. 19. The method of claim 13, the network node having a first graceful restart mode and a second graceful restart mode, wherein:
the network node is configurable to perform graceful restart according to the first graceful restart mode or the second graceful restart mode; the network node, when configured in the first graceful restart mode, is configured to perform the method of claim 13; and the network node, when configured in the second graceful restart mode, is configured to: attempt to re-establish an adjacency with each of the one or more neighbouring nodes; receive pre-restart link state data from at least one of the one or more neighbouring nodes, the pre-restart link state data being sent in response to attempt to re-establish an adjacency, the pre-restart link state data identifying a plurality of formerly active links via which traffic was routed before the restart, the formerly active links including the network node; store routing information based upon the received pre-restart link state data; route network traffic in accordance with the routing information; detect one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive; and exit the graceful restart mode in response to the detection of one or more links, of the formerly active links, which are currently inactive. 20. A data carrier device comprising computer executable code for performing the method of claim 13. | 3,700 |
344,228 | 16,803,681 | 3,715 | A sealing comprises a seal portion and a plate portion fixed to the seal portion. The seal portion can have an undulating configuration of at least one peak and at least one valley, and the plate portion can circumferentially surround the seal portion. The seal portion can be made of a first material and the plate portion can be made of a second material more rigid than the first material. The seal portion can have a radially inward facing contact surface that defines a central opening of the sealing. | 1. A suspension system comprising:
a control arm configured to extend primarily horizontally, the control arm defining a cavity and having a mounting surface surrounding a rim of the cavity; a spindle operatively coupled to the control arm and configured to extend primarily vertically, the spindle having an end portion provided in the cavity of the control arm and a body portion provided outside the cavity of the control arm; a ball provided at the end portion of the spindle and configured to tilt in correspondence with tilting of the spindle; and a seal assembly provided outside the cavity and sealingly coupled to the mounting surface of the control arm and an outer circumferential surface of the spindle, the seal assembly including:
an undulating seal surrounding a circumference of the spindle and provided in friction-fit contact with the outer circumferential surface of the spindle, the undulating seal having an undulating configuration of alternating peaks and valleys,
a metallic plate bonded to the undulating seal at least at an outer peripheral surface of the undulating seal, and
an outer ring fixedly coupled to the mounting surface of the control arm and circumferentially surrounding the metallic plate and the undulating seal,
wherein the metallic plate bonded to the undulating seal is configured to rotate in combination relative to the mounting surface of the control arm. 2. The suspension system according to claim 1, further comprising a lip seal provided between a radially inward facing surface of the outer ring and a radially outward facing surface of the metallic plate, the lip seal being provided on a radially inward extending ledge of the outer ring that extends from the radially inward facing surface of the outer ring. 3. The suspension system according to claim 1, wherein an outer ledge of the metallic plate is between the mounting surface of the control arm and a radially inward extending ledge of the outer ring. 4. The suspension system according to claim 1, further comprising a retaining ring provided on a side of the undulating seal facing the cavity, in one of said valleys of the undulating seal closest to the outer circumferential surface of the spindle, the retaining ring being configured to provide a retaining force against the undulating seal to hold the undulating seal against the outer circumferential surface of the spindle. 5. The suspension system according to claim 1, further comprising a lubricant path defined from the cavity, to under the metallic plate and radially outward toward the outer ring via a plurality of cutouts provided on bottom and radially outward side surfaces of the metallic plate, to between a lip seal and the metallic plate, and to an exterior surface of the sealing assembly from between the lip seal and the metallic plate. 6. The suspension system according to claim 1, wherein an upper portion of the ball is in direct contact with a side of the undulating seal facing the cavity, against one of said peaks of the ripple seal closest to the outer circumferential surface of the spindle. 7. A seal assembly configured to sealingly enclose a cavity of a control arm within which a spherical bearing linkage is provided, the seal assembly comprising:
a seal portion having an undulating configuration of at least one peak and at least one valley in a radial direction; a plate bonded to the seal portion and circumferentially surrounding the seal portion; an outer ring circumferentially surrounding the plate and the seal portion; and a lip seal sealingly coupled to a radially inward facing surface of the outer ring and a radially outward facing surface of the plate. 8. The seal assembly according to claim 7, further comprising a ring, wherein the undulating configuration of the seal portion includes a plurality of alternating peaks and valleys, including said at least one peak and at least one valley, the ring being provided in a radially inner-most one of said valleys of the seal portion, and the ring providing a radially inward force against the seal portion. 9. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein in a side elevational view at least one peak of said at least one peak of the seal portion extends above respective uppermost and lowermost surfaces of the outer ring. 10. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the plate includes one or more channels provided at least in bottom and radially outward facing side surfaces thereof, each of the one or more channels defining a portion of a lubricant path. 11. The seal assembly according to claim 7, further comprising a lubricant path, the grease path being defined by at least one channel provided in bottom and radially outward facing side surfaces of the plate, between the outer ring and the plate, and between the lip seal and the plate. 12. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the seal portion is configured to surround a circumference of the spindle and be provided in friction-fit contact with an outer circumferential surface of the spindle, and the plate is configured to be rotatably coupled to a mounting surface of the control arm surrounding a lip of the cavity. 13. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the plate is made of metal and the seal portion is made of a non-metallic material. 14. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the outer ring includes a radially inward extending ledge on which the lip seal is provided, the radially inward extending ledge being between a portion of the plate and the lip seal. 15. A circular planar seal comprising:
a seal portion having an undulating configuration of alternating peaks and valleys in a radial direction; and a plate portion fixed to the seal portion and circumferentially surrounding the seal portion, wherein the seal portion is made of a first material and the plate portion is made of a second material more rigid than the first material, and wherein the seal portion has a radially inward facing contact surface that defines a central opening of the circular planar seal. 16. The circular planar seal according to claim 15, wherein the plate portion includes a vertical portion and a horizontal portion extending radially outward relative to the vertical portion, the vertical portion being fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the seal portion, and the horizontal portion forming a base for the circular planar seal. 17. The circular planar seal according to claim 15, wherein the plate portion includes a plurality channels, each of the channels having a first portion provided in a bottom surface of the plate portion that extends from an inner circumference of the bottom surface radially outward toward an outer circumference of the bottom surface, and a second portion provided in a radially outward facing side surface of the plate portion that extends vertically from the outer circumference of the bottom surface. 18. The circular planar seal according to claim 17, wherein the channels are evenly spaced around a periphery of the plate portion. 19. The circular planar seal according to claim 15, wherein in a side elevational view of the circular planar seal a portion of the radially inward facing contact surface of the seal portion is at a height above an uppermost surface of the plate portion. 20. The planar seal according to claim 15, wherein a bottom interface between the seal portion and the plate portion is recessed relative to a bottom surface of the plate portion. | A sealing comprises a seal portion and a plate portion fixed to the seal portion. The seal portion can have an undulating configuration of at least one peak and at least one valley, and the plate portion can circumferentially surround the seal portion. The seal portion can be made of a first material and the plate portion can be made of a second material more rigid than the first material. The seal portion can have a radially inward facing contact surface that defines a central opening of the sealing.1. A suspension system comprising:
a control arm configured to extend primarily horizontally, the control arm defining a cavity and having a mounting surface surrounding a rim of the cavity; a spindle operatively coupled to the control arm and configured to extend primarily vertically, the spindle having an end portion provided in the cavity of the control arm and a body portion provided outside the cavity of the control arm; a ball provided at the end portion of the spindle and configured to tilt in correspondence with tilting of the spindle; and a seal assembly provided outside the cavity and sealingly coupled to the mounting surface of the control arm and an outer circumferential surface of the spindle, the seal assembly including:
an undulating seal surrounding a circumference of the spindle and provided in friction-fit contact with the outer circumferential surface of the spindle, the undulating seal having an undulating configuration of alternating peaks and valleys,
a metallic plate bonded to the undulating seal at least at an outer peripheral surface of the undulating seal, and
an outer ring fixedly coupled to the mounting surface of the control arm and circumferentially surrounding the metallic plate and the undulating seal,
wherein the metallic plate bonded to the undulating seal is configured to rotate in combination relative to the mounting surface of the control arm. 2. The suspension system according to claim 1, further comprising a lip seal provided between a radially inward facing surface of the outer ring and a radially outward facing surface of the metallic plate, the lip seal being provided on a radially inward extending ledge of the outer ring that extends from the radially inward facing surface of the outer ring. 3. The suspension system according to claim 1, wherein an outer ledge of the metallic plate is between the mounting surface of the control arm and a radially inward extending ledge of the outer ring. 4. The suspension system according to claim 1, further comprising a retaining ring provided on a side of the undulating seal facing the cavity, in one of said valleys of the undulating seal closest to the outer circumferential surface of the spindle, the retaining ring being configured to provide a retaining force against the undulating seal to hold the undulating seal against the outer circumferential surface of the spindle. 5. The suspension system according to claim 1, further comprising a lubricant path defined from the cavity, to under the metallic plate and radially outward toward the outer ring via a plurality of cutouts provided on bottom and radially outward side surfaces of the metallic plate, to between a lip seal and the metallic plate, and to an exterior surface of the sealing assembly from between the lip seal and the metallic plate. 6. The suspension system according to claim 1, wherein an upper portion of the ball is in direct contact with a side of the undulating seal facing the cavity, against one of said peaks of the ripple seal closest to the outer circumferential surface of the spindle. 7. A seal assembly configured to sealingly enclose a cavity of a control arm within which a spherical bearing linkage is provided, the seal assembly comprising:
a seal portion having an undulating configuration of at least one peak and at least one valley in a radial direction; a plate bonded to the seal portion and circumferentially surrounding the seal portion; an outer ring circumferentially surrounding the plate and the seal portion; and a lip seal sealingly coupled to a radially inward facing surface of the outer ring and a radially outward facing surface of the plate. 8. The seal assembly according to claim 7, further comprising a ring, wherein the undulating configuration of the seal portion includes a plurality of alternating peaks and valleys, including said at least one peak and at least one valley, the ring being provided in a radially inner-most one of said valleys of the seal portion, and the ring providing a radially inward force against the seal portion. 9. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein in a side elevational view at least one peak of said at least one peak of the seal portion extends above respective uppermost and lowermost surfaces of the outer ring. 10. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the plate includes one or more channels provided at least in bottom and radially outward facing side surfaces thereof, each of the one or more channels defining a portion of a lubricant path. 11. The seal assembly according to claim 7, further comprising a lubricant path, the grease path being defined by at least one channel provided in bottom and radially outward facing side surfaces of the plate, between the outer ring and the plate, and between the lip seal and the plate. 12. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the seal portion is configured to surround a circumference of the spindle and be provided in friction-fit contact with an outer circumferential surface of the spindle, and the plate is configured to be rotatably coupled to a mounting surface of the control arm surrounding a lip of the cavity. 13. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the plate is made of metal and the seal portion is made of a non-metallic material. 14. The seal assembly according to claim 7, wherein the outer ring includes a radially inward extending ledge on which the lip seal is provided, the radially inward extending ledge being between a portion of the plate and the lip seal. 15. A circular planar seal comprising:
a seal portion having an undulating configuration of alternating peaks and valleys in a radial direction; and a plate portion fixed to the seal portion and circumferentially surrounding the seal portion, wherein the seal portion is made of a first material and the plate portion is made of a second material more rigid than the first material, and wherein the seal portion has a radially inward facing contact surface that defines a central opening of the circular planar seal. 16. The circular planar seal according to claim 15, wherein the plate portion includes a vertical portion and a horizontal portion extending radially outward relative to the vertical portion, the vertical portion being fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the seal portion, and the horizontal portion forming a base for the circular planar seal. 17. The circular planar seal according to claim 15, wherein the plate portion includes a plurality channels, each of the channels having a first portion provided in a bottom surface of the plate portion that extends from an inner circumference of the bottom surface radially outward toward an outer circumference of the bottom surface, and a second portion provided in a radially outward facing side surface of the plate portion that extends vertically from the outer circumference of the bottom surface. 18. The circular planar seal according to claim 17, wherein the channels are evenly spaced around a periphery of the plate portion. 19. The circular planar seal according to claim 15, wherein in a side elevational view of the circular planar seal a portion of the radially inward facing contact surface of the seal portion is at a height above an uppermost surface of the plate portion. 20. The planar seal according to claim 15, wherein a bottom interface between the seal portion and the plate portion is recessed relative to a bottom surface of the plate portion. | 3,700 |
344,229 | 16,803,692 | 2,652 | A system and method for differentially locating and modifying audio sources that includes receiving multiple audio inputs from a set of distinct locations; determining a multi-dimensional audio map from the audio inputs; acquiring a set of positional audio control inputs applied to the audio map, each audio control input comprising a location and audio processing property; and generating an audio output according to the audio control inputs and the audio inputs. The audio control inputs capable of configuration through manual, automatic, computer vision analysis, and other configuration modes. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving multiple audio inputs from a set of distinct locations; determining a multi-dimensional audio map from the audio inputs; acquiring a set of positional audio control inputs applied to the audio map, each audio control input comprising a location and audio processing property; and generating an audio output according to the audio control inputs and the audio inputs. | A system and method for differentially locating and modifying audio sources that includes receiving multiple audio inputs from a set of distinct locations; determining a multi-dimensional audio map from the audio inputs; acquiring a set of positional audio control inputs applied to the audio map, each audio control input comprising a location and audio processing property; and generating an audio output according to the audio control inputs and the audio inputs. The audio control inputs capable of configuration through manual, automatic, computer vision analysis, and other configuration modes.1. A method comprising:
receiving multiple audio inputs from a set of distinct locations; determining a multi-dimensional audio map from the audio inputs; acquiring a set of positional audio control inputs applied to the audio map, each audio control input comprising a location and audio processing property; and generating an audio output according to the audio control inputs and the audio inputs. | 2,600 |
344,230 | 16,803,697 | 2,652 | An imaging apparatus includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion unit and a charge holding unit configured to hold an electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit, a waveguide disposed above the photoelectric conversion unit, and a light blocking unit configured to cover the charge holding unit, wherein a width of a bottom surface of the waveguide is smaller than 1.1 μm. | 1. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion unit and a charge holding unit configured to hold an electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit; a waveguide disposed above the photoelectric conversion unit; and a light blocking unit configured to cover the charge holding unit. 2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an angle between a line connecting an end of the bottom surface of the waveguide and an end of an upper surface of the waveguide and a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed is 65 degrees or more. 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 68 degrees or more. 4. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 80 degrees or less. 5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 74 degrees or less. 6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 72 degrees or less. 7. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a taper angle between a line connecting an end of the bottom surface of the waveguide and an end of an upper surface of the waveguide and a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed is 72 degrees or less. 8. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of an upper surface of the waveguide is included in a range from 2.1 μm to 2.6 μm. 9. The imaging apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the width of the upper surface of the waveguide is included in a range from 2.1 μm to 2.3 μm. 10. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of an upper surface of the waveguide is included in a range from 60% to 77% of a pixel pitch at which the plurality of pixels are arranged. 11. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an aperture is provided in the light blocking unit at a position above the photoelectric conversion unit, and
wherein a difference between the width of the bottom surface of the waveguide and a width of the aperture is 0.3 μm or more. 12. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a plan view of a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed, a distance between an end of the bottom surface of the waveguide and the charge holding unit is 0.8 μm or more. 13. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a plan view of a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed, a distance between the photoelectric conversion unit and the charge holding unit is 0.5 μm or more. 14. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of a bottom surface of the waveguide is 32.0% or less of a pixel pitch at which the plurality of pixels are arranged. 15. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of a bottom surface of the waveguide is smaller than 1.1 μm. 16. An imaging system comprising:
the imaging apparatus according to claim 1; and a processing apparatus configured to process a signal output from the imaging apparatus, thereby acquiring an image signal. 17. A moving body comprising:
the imaging apparatus according to claim 1; a processing apparatus configured to process a signal output from the imaging apparatus; and a control unit configured to control the moving body based on a result of the processing. | An imaging apparatus includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion unit and a charge holding unit configured to hold an electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit, a waveguide disposed above the photoelectric conversion unit, and a light blocking unit configured to cover the charge holding unit, wherein a width of a bottom surface of the waveguide is smaller than 1.1 μm.1. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion unit and a charge holding unit configured to hold an electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit; a waveguide disposed above the photoelectric conversion unit; and a light blocking unit configured to cover the charge holding unit. 2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an angle between a line connecting an end of the bottom surface of the waveguide and an end of an upper surface of the waveguide and a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed is 65 degrees or more. 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 68 degrees or more. 4. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 80 degrees or less. 5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 74 degrees or less. 6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the angle is 72 degrees or less. 7. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a taper angle between a line connecting an end of the bottom surface of the waveguide and an end of an upper surface of the waveguide and a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed is 72 degrees or less. 8. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of an upper surface of the waveguide is included in a range from 2.1 μm to 2.6 μm. 9. The imaging apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the width of the upper surface of the waveguide is included in a range from 2.1 μm to 2.3 μm. 10. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of an upper surface of the waveguide is included in a range from 60% to 77% of a pixel pitch at which the plurality of pixels are arranged. 11. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an aperture is provided in the light blocking unit at a position above the photoelectric conversion unit, and
wherein a difference between the width of the bottom surface of the waveguide and a width of the aperture is 0.3 μm or more. 12. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a plan view of a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed, a distance between an end of the bottom surface of the waveguide and the charge holding unit is 0.8 μm or more. 13. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a plan view of a surface of a substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit is disposed, a distance between the photoelectric conversion unit and the charge holding unit is 0.5 μm or more. 14. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of a bottom surface of the waveguide is 32.0% or less of a pixel pitch at which the plurality of pixels are arranged. 15. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of a bottom surface of the waveguide is smaller than 1.1 μm. 16. An imaging system comprising:
the imaging apparatus according to claim 1; and a processing apparatus configured to process a signal output from the imaging apparatus, thereby acquiring an image signal. 17. A moving body comprising:
the imaging apparatus according to claim 1; a processing apparatus configured to process a signal output from the imaging apparatus; and a control unit configured to control the moving body based on a result of the processing. | 2,600 |
344,231 | 16,803,691 | 2,652 | An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient being overhydrated due to congestive heart failure, comprising a tube set including a connector (21) for connection to a patient line (3) for access to the peritoneal cavity of the patient. A flow pump (41-43) is arranged for addition and removal outflow and inflow (recirculation) of fluid from/to the peritoneal cavity. An osmotic agent peristaltic pump (16) is arranged for replenishment of glucose solution to the fluid added to the peritoneal cavity for promoting ultrafiltration. The glucose is replenished intermittently for keeping a concentration of glucose substantially constant in the peritoneal cavity. The flow pump comprises a pressure chamber (43) with rigid walls and a flexible pump bag (41) arranged therein. An air pump (45) pressurizes the chamber for outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity by a sub pressure and inflow of fluid to the peritoneal cavity by an overpressure, which pressures are maintained within safe limits. | 1. An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient in need thereof, comprising:
a patient tube comprising a connector for connection to a patient line for access to a peritoneal fluid installed in a peritoneal cavity of the patient; an intermittent bag connected to said patient tube; a flow pump for removal of a portion of said peritoneal fluid via said patient tube in an outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity into the intermittent bag and for return of the contents of said intermittent bag in an inflow of fluid from the intermittent bag to the peritoneal cavity; a glucose bag, comprising concentrated glucose solution; and a glucose tube connecting said glucose bag to said patient tube; a glucose pump arranged in said glucose tube for addition of concentrated glucose from said glucose bag into said outflow of fluid; whereby the glucose is diluted and replenished intermittently. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without removing any substances or ions from said flows. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without an absorbent material. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without a dialyzer. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said outflow of fluid takes place in a first flow path and said inflow of fluid takes place in a second flow path, which is the same as said first flow path. 6. The apparatus according claim 1, wherein said glucose bag comprises concentrated glucose at a concentration of one of: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 35% or 40% or 50%. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated glucose is diluted to a final concentration of less than one of: 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% before addition to the peritoneal cavity. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said flow pump comprises:
a pressure chamber having a constant volume, wherein said intermittent bag is a pump bag arranged inside said pressure chamber, an air pump for generating a negative pressure inside said pressure chamber for removal of fluid in said outflow from said peritoneal cavity into said pump bag, and for generating a positive pressure for return of fluid in said inflow from said pump bag to the peritoneal cavity. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an air pressure meter arranged to measure the air pressure in said pressure chamber and a fluid pressure meter arranged to measure a fluid pressure in said patient tube, wherein an evaluation device is arranged to compare the air pressure in said pressure chamber, during inflow and outflow, with the fluid pressure in said patient tube for indicating a flow when the pressure difference is smaller than a third predetermined value. 10. A method for ultrafiltration of a patient, which patient has a peritoneal fluid in a peritoneal cavity, comprising:
removing a portion of said peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity to an intermittent bag in an outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity; adding concentrated glucose to said outflow of fluid by a glucose pump from a glucose bag containing concentrated glucose for dilution of said concentrated glucose in said outflow of fluid from said peritoneal fluid; returning said portion of peritoneal fluid in an inflow of fluid from the pump bag to the peritoneal cavity; whereby the glucose is diluted and replenished in said peritoneal fluid. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
repeating said removing and said returning of said portion of peritoneal fluid and said adding of concentrated glucose intermittently with a period of not greater than 60 minutes, whereby the glucose is diluted and replenished intermittently. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein said glucose bag comprises glucose at a concentration of one of: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 35%, 40% and 50%. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the glucose is diluted to a final concentration of less than one of: 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% before addition to the peritoneal cavity. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein said flow pump comprises a pressure chamber having a constant volume, wherein said intermittent bag is a pump bag arranged inside said pressure chamber,
said flow pump generating a negative pressure inside said pressure chamber for removal of fluid in said outflow from said peritoneal cavity into said pump bag, and said flow pump generating a positive pressure for return of fluid in said inflow from said pump bag to the peritoneal cavity. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein an air pressure meter in said pressure chamber is arranged to indicate when the pump bag is filled by:
measuring a decrease of pressure in said pressure chamber to an outflow pressure; measuring a constant pressure in said pressure chamber during said outflow; measuring a decrease of pressure in said pressure chamber to a minimum pressure after said outflow; wherein an evaluation device is arranged to indicate an error if a time period of constant pressure in said pressure chamber is less than a predetermined time period. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein an air pressure meter in said pressure chamber is arranged to indicate when the pump bag is empty by:
measuring an increase of pressure in said pressure chamber to an inflow pressure; measuring a constant pressure in said pressure chamber during said inflow; measuring an increase of pressure in said pressure chamber to a maximum pressure after said inflow; wherein an evaluation device is arranged to indicate an error if a time period of constant pressure in said pressure chamber is less than a predetermined time period. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without removing any substances or ions from said flows. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without an absorbent material. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without a dialyzer. 20. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid takes place in a first flow path and said inflow of fluid takes place in a second flow path, which is the same as said first flow path. 21. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid is followed without delay of an inflow of fluid, which is followed without a delay of an outflow of fluid and so on. | An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient being overhydrated due to congestive heart failure, comprising a tube set including a connector (21) for connection to a patient line (3) for access to the peritoneal cavity of the patient. A flow pump (41-43) is arranged for addition and removal outflow and inflow (recirculation) of fluid from/to the peritoneal cavity. An osmotic agent peristaltic pump (16) is arranged for replenishment of glucose solution to the fluid added to the peritoneal cavity for promoting ultrafiltration. The glucose is replenished intermittently for keeping a concentration of glucose substantially constant in the peritoneal cavity. The flow pump comprises a pressure chamber (43) with rigid walls and a flexible pump bag (41) arranged therein. An air pump (45) pressurizes the chamber for outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity by a sub pressure and inflow of fluid to the peritoneal cavity by an overpressure, which pressures are maintained within safe limits.1. An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient in need thereof, comprising:
a patient tube comprising a connector for connection to a patient line for access to a peritoneal fluid installed in a peritoneal cavity of the patient; an intermittent bag connected to said patient tube; a flow pump for removal of a portion of said peritoneal fluid via said patient tube in an outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity into the intermittent bag and for return of the contents of said intermittent bag in an inflow of fluid from the intermittent bag to the peritoneal cavity; a glucose bag, comprising concentrated glucose solution; and a glucose tube connecting said glucose bag to said patient tube; a glucose pump arranged in said glucose tube for addition of concentrated glucose from said glucose bag into said outflow of fluid; whereby the glucose is diluted and replenished intermittently. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without removing any substances or ions from said flows. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without an absorbent material. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without a dialyzer. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said outflow of fluid takes place in a first flow path and said inflow of fluid takes place in a second flow path, which is the same as said first flow path. 6. The apparatus according claim 1, wherein said glucose bag comprises concentrated glucose at a concentration of one of: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 35% or 40% or 50%. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated glucose is diluted to a final concentration of less than one of: 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% before addition to the peritoneal cavity. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said flow pump comprises:
a pressure chamber having a constant volume, wherein said intermittent bag is a pump bag arranged inside said pressure chamber, an air pump for generating a negative pressure inside said pressure chamber for removal of fluid in said outflow from said peritoneal cavity into said pump bag, and for generating a positive pressure for return of fluid in said inflow from said pump bag to the peritoneal cavity. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an air pressure meter arranged to measure the air pressure in said pressure chamber and a fluid pressure meter arranged to measure a fluid pressure in said patient tube, wherein an evaluation device is arranged to compare the air pressure in said pressure chamber, during inflow and outflow, with the fluid pressure in said patient tube for indicating a flow when the pressure difference is smaller than a third predetermined value. 10. A method for ultrafiltration of a patient, which patient has a peritoneal fluid in a peritoneal cavity, comprising:
removing a portion of said peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity to an intermittent bag in an outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity; adding concentrated glucose to said outflow of fluid by a glucose pump from a glucose bag containing concentrated glucose for dilution of said concentrated glucose in said outflow of fluid from said peritoneal fluid; returning said portion of peritoneal fluid in an inflow of fluid from the pump bag to the peritoneal cavity; whereby the glucose is diluted and replenished in said peritoneal fluid. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
repeating said removing and said returning of said portion of peritoneal fluid and said adding of concentrated glucose intermittently with a period of not greater than 60 minutes, whereby the glucose is diluted and replenished intermittently. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein said glucose bag comprises glucose at a concentration of one of: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 35%, 40% and 50%. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the glucose is diluted to a final concentration of less than one of: 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% before addition to the peritoneal cavity. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein said flow pump comprises a pressure chamber having a constant volume, wherein said intermittent bag is a pump bag arranged inside said pressure chamber,
said flow pump generating a negative pressure inside said pressure chamber for removal of fluid in said outflow from said peritoneal cavity into said pump bag, and said flow pump generating a positive pressure for return of fluid in said inflow from said pump bag to the peritoneal cavity. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein an air pressure meter in said pressure chamber is arranged to indicate when the pump bag is filled by:
measuring a decrease of pressure in said pressure chamber to an outflow pressure; measuring a constant pressure in said pressure chamber during said outflow; measuring a decrease of pressure in said pressure chamber to a minimum pressure after said outflow; wherein an evaluation device is arranged to indicate an error if a time period of constant pressure in said pressure chamber is less than a predetermined time period. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein an air pressure meter in said pressure chamber is arranged to indicate when the pump bag is empty by:
measuring an increase of pressure in said pressure chamber to an inflow pressure; measuring a constant pressure in said pressure chamber during said inflow; measuring an increase of pressure in said pressure chamber to a maximum pressure after said inflow; wherein an evaluation device is arranged to indicate an error if a time period of constant pressure in said pressure chamber is less than a predetermined time period. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without removing any substances or ions from said flows. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without an absorbent material. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid and said inflow of fluid are arranged without a dialyzer. 20. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid takes place in a first flow path and said inflow of fluid takes place in a second flow path, which is the same as said first flow path. 21. The method according to claim 10, wherein said outflow of fluid is followed without delay of an inflow of fluid, which is followed without a delay of an outflow of fluid and so on. | 2,600 |
344,232 | 16,803,712 | 2,652 | An optical coupler device comprises an optical waveguide having a first edge and an opposing second edge that extend in a direction substantially parallel to a propagation direction of an input light beam injected into the optical waveguide. A grating structure is on a portion of the optical waveguide, with the grating structure having a first side and an opposing second side. The first and second sides of the grating structure extend in the same direction as the first and second edges of the optical waveguide. An optical slab adjoins with the first side of the grating structure and is in optical communication with an output of the grating structure. The grating structure includes an array of grating lines configured to diffract the input light beam into the slab at an angle with respect to the propagation direction, such that a diffracted light beam is output from the slab. | 1. An optical coupler device, comprising:
an optical waveguide having a first edge and an opposing second edge that extend in a direction substantially parallel to a propagation direction of an input light beam injected into the optical waveguide, the optical waveguide having a waveguide width between the first and second edges; a grating structure on a portion of the optical waveguide, the grating structure having a first side and an opposing second side, the first and second sides of the grating structure extending in the same direction as the first and second edges of the optical waveguide, the grating structure having a grating width between the first and second sides, wherein the grating width is less than the waveguide width; and an optical slab that adjoins with the first side of the grating structure, the optical slab in optical communication with an output of the grating structure; wherein the grating structure includes an array of grating lines that are angled with respect to the propagation direction of the input light beam, the grating lines configured to diffract the input light beam into the optical slab at an angle with respect to the propagation direction of the input light beam, such that a diffracted light beam is output from the optical slab. 2. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide, the grating structure, and the optical slab are substantially planar with respect to each other. 3. The optical coupler device of claim 2, wherein the input light beam and the diffracted light beam propagate in substantially the same plane. 4. The optical coupler device of claim 3, wherein the grating lines are configured to diffract the input light beam into the optical slab such that the diffracted light beam is output from the optical slab at about a 90 degree angle with respect to the propagation direction of the input light beam. 5. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein the diffracted light beam output from the optical slab is a collimated beam. 6. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein the grating structure has a grating strength that is a function of the grating width, such that the grating strength increases with an increase in the grating width. 7. (canceled) 8. The optical coupler device of claim 7, wherein the grating width has a range of about 0.2 microns to about 10 microns. 9. The optical coupler device of claim 7, wherein a size ratio of the grating width with respect to the waveguide width is greater than 0 and less than 1. 10. The optical coupler device of claim 1, further comprising a substrate that supports the optical waveguide, the grating structure, and the optical slab. 11. The optical coupler device of claim 10, wherein the substrate comprises a first material having a first refractive index. 12. The optical coupler device of claim 11, wherein the optical waveguide, the grating structure, and the optical slab each comprise a second material having a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index. 13. The optical coupler device of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises silicon dioxide, and the second material comprises silicon nitride. 14. The optical coupler device of claim 10, wherein the substrate is coupled to an integrated photonics chip. 15. A method of fabricating an optical coupler device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate layer having an upper surface, the substrate layer including a first material having a first refractive index; depositing a guiding layer on the upper surface of the substrate layer, the guiding layer including a second material having a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index; forming a first resist layer over the guiding layer; forming an initial waveguide pattern that exposes portions of the guiding layer; etching the exposed portions of the guiding layer to form a waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer includes an input waveguide portion coupled to one edge of a slab portion; removing the first resist layer to expose the waveguide layer; forming a second resist layer over the waveguide layer; forming a grating pattern that exposes portions of the waveguide layer; etching the exposed portions of the waveguide layer to form a grating in part of the input waveguide portion, and to reduce a thickness of the slab portion to form an output slab, wherein the grating is formed to have a width that is less than a total width of the input waveguide portion; and removing the second resist layer such that the input waveguide portion, the grating, and the output slab, form a waveguide-to-slab coupler. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming an upper cladding layer over the waveguide-to-slab coupler after removing the second resist layer, the upper cladding layer comprising the first material having the first refractive index. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first material comprises silicon dioxide, and the second material comprises silicon nitride. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the waveguide-to-slab coupler is formed to have a substantially planar shape. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the substrate layer is coupled to a silicon photonics chip. 21. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein a rate of diffraction of the diffracted light beam is controllable by adjusting the grating width relative to the waveguide width. | An optical coupler device comprises an optical waveguide having a first edge and an opposing second edge that extend in a direction substantially parallel to a propagation direction of an input light beam injected into the optical waveguide. A grating structure is on a portion of the optical waveguide, with the grating structure having a first side and an opposing second side. The first and second sides of the grating structure extend in the same direction as the first and second edges of the optical waveguide. An optical slab adjoins with the first side of the grating structure and is in optical communication with an output of the grating structure. The grating structure includes an array of grating lines configured to diffract the input light beam into the slab at an angle with respect to the propagation direction, such that a diffracted light beam is output from the slab.1. An optical coupler device, comprising:
an optical waveguide having a first edge and an opposing second edge that extend in a direction substantially parallel to a propagation direction of an input light beam injected into the optical waveguide, the optical waveguide having a waveguide width between the first and second edges; a grating structure on a portion of the optical waveguide, the grating structure having a first side and an opposing second side, the first and second sides of the grating structure extending in the same direction as the first and second edges of the optical waveguide, the grating structure having a grating width between the first and second sides, wherein the grating width is less than the waveguide width; and an optical slab that adjoins with the first side of the grating structure, the optical slab in optical communication with an output of the grating structure; wherein the grating structure includes an array of grating lines that are angled with respect to the propagation direction of the input light beam, the grating lines configured to diffract the input light beam into the optical slab at an angle with respect to the propagation direction of the input light beam, such that a diffracted light beam is output from the optical slab. 2. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide, the grating structure, and the optical slab are substantially planar with respect to each other. 3. The optical coupler device of claim 2, wherein the input light beam and the diffracted light beam propagate in substantially the same plane. 4. The optical coupler device of claim 3, wherein the grating lines are configured to diffract the input light beam into the optical slab such that the diffracted light beam is output from the optical slab at about a 90 degree angle with respect to the propagation direction of the input light beam. 5. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein the diffracted light beam output from the optical slab is a collimated beam. 6. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein the grating structure has a grating strength that is a function of the grating width, such that the grating strength increases with an increase in the grating width. 7. (canceled) 8. The optical coupler device of claim 7, wherein the grating width has a range of about 0.2 microns to about 10 microns. 9. The optical coupler device of claim 7, wherein a size ratio of the grating width with respect to the waveguide width is greater than 0 and less than 1. 10. The optical coupler device of claim 1, further comprising a substrate that supports the optical waveguide, the grating structure, and the optical slab. 11. The optical coupler device of claim 10, wherein the substrate comprises a first material having a first refractive index. 12. The optical coupler device of claim 11, wherein the optical waveguide, the grating structure, and the optical slab each comprise a second material having a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index. 13. The optical coupler device of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises silicon dioxide, and the second material comprises silicon nitride. 14. The optical coupler device of claim 10, wherein the substrate is coupled to an integrated photonics chip. 15. A method of fabricating an optical coupler device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate layer having an upper surface, the substrate layer including a first material having a first refractive index; depositing a guiding layer on the upper surface of the substrate layer, the guiding layer including a second material having a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index; forming a first resist layer over the guiding layer; forming an initial waveguide pattern that exposes portions of the guiding layer; etching the exposed portions of the guiding layer to form a waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer includes an input waveguide portion coupled to one edge of a slab portion; removing the first resist layer to expose the waveguide layer; forming a second resist layer over the waveguide layer; forming a grating pattern that exposes portions of the waveguide layer; etching the exposed portions of the waveguide layer to form a grating in part of the input waveguide portion, and to reduce a thickness of the slab portion to form an output slab, wherein the grating is formed to have a width that is less than a total width of the input waveguide portion; and removing the second resist layer such that the input waveguide portion, the grating, and the output slab, form a waveguide-to-slab coupler. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming an upper cladding layer over the waveguide-to-slab coupler after removing the second resist layer, the upper cladding layer comprising the first material having the first refractive index. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first material comprises silicon dioxide, and the second material comprises silicon nitride. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the waveguide-to-slab coupler is formed to have a substantially planar shape. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the substrate layer is coupled to a silicon photonics chip. 21. The optical coupler device of claim 1, wherein a rate of diffraction of the diffracted light beam is controllable by adjusting the grating width relative to the waveguide width. | 2,600 |
344,233 | 16,803,711 | 2,652 | One illustrative device disclosed herein includes a semiconductor substrate and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device that comprises a collector region, a base region and an emitter region. In this example, the device also includes a field effect transistor and at least one base conductive contact structure that conductively and physically contacts the base region. | 1. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device, the BJT device comprising a collector region, a base region and an emitter region; a field effect transistor, the field effect transistor comprising source/drain regions; at least one conductive contact structure that conductively contacts one of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region; a conductive source/drain metallization structure that conductively contacts one of the source/drain regions, wherein a material of construction of the at least one conductive contact structure and a material of construction of the conductive source/drain metallization structure are the same; a first fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region is positioned in the first fin structure; and a second fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the source/drain regions is positioned in the second fin structure. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the BJT device is one of an NPN BJT device or a PNP BJT device and wherein the field effect transistor is one of an NFET device or a PFET device. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one conductive contact structure comprises at least one collector conductive contact structure, at least one base conductive contact structure and at least one emitter conductive contact structure, wherein the at least one base conductive contact structure physically contacts the base region. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the field effect transistor is one of a FinFET device or a planar device. 5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the material of construction of the at least one conductive contact structure and the material of construction of the conductive source/drain metallization structure comprises a metal silicide material and a conductive material positioned above the metal silicide material. 7. (canceled) 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the base region comprises a doped region positioned in the first fin structure laterally between the collector region and the emitter region. 9. A device, comprising:
first and second fin structures defined in a semiconductor substrate; a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device, the BJT device comprising a collector region, a base region and an emitter region, wherein at least a portion of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region is positioned in the first fin structure; a field effect transistor, the field effect transistor comprising source/drain regions, wherein at least a portion of the source/drain regions is positioned in the second fin structure; at least one collector conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the collector region; at least one base conductive contact structure that conductively and physically contacts the base region; at least one emitter conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the emitter region; and a conductive source/drain metallization structure that conductively contacts one of the source/drain regions, wherein the at least one collector conductive contact structure, the at least one base conductive contact structure, the at least one emitter conductive contact structure and the conductive source/drain metallization structure all comprise a same material of construction. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the same material of construction comprises a metal silicide material and a conductive material positioned above the metal silicide material. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the collector region comprises at least one first doped epitaxial semiconductor material region, the emitter region comprises at least one second doped epitaxial semiconductor material and the source/drain regions comprise a third doped epitaxial semiconductor material, wherein the first, second and third doped epitaxial semiconductor materials comprise a same doped epitaxial semiconductor material. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the base region comprises a doped region positioned in the first fin structure between the collector region and the emitter region. 13. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device, the BJT device comprising a collector region, a base region and an emitter region; a field effect transistor; at least one base conductive contact structure that conductively and physically contacts the base region; and a first fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region is positioned in the first fin structure. 14. The device of claim 13, further comprising source/drain regions for the field effect transistor, the source/drain regions comprising a first doped epitaxial semiconductor material, wherein the collector region comprises a second doped epitaxial semiconductor material region, the emitter region comprises a third doped epitaxial semiconductor material region and wherein the first, second and third doped epitaxial semiconductor materials comprise a same doped epitaxial semiconductor material. 15. The device of claim 13, further comprising:
at least one collector conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the collector region; at least one emitter conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the emitter region; source/drain regions for the field effect transistor; and a conductive source/drain metallization structure that conductively contacts one of the source/drain regions, wherein the at least one collector conductive contact structure, the at least one base conductive contact structure, the at least one emitter conductive contact structure and the conductive source/drain metallization structure all comprise a same material of construction. 16. The device of claim 13, wherein the material of construction of the at least one base conductive contact structure comprises a metal silicide material and a conductive material positioned above the metal silicide material. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the base region comprises a doped region positioned in the substrate laterally between the collector region and the emitter region. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. The device of claim 14, further comprising a second fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the source/drain regions is positioned in the second fin structure. | One illustrative device disclosed herein includes a semiconductor substrate and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device that comprises a collector region, a base region and an emitter region. In this example, the device also includes a field effect transistor and at least one base conductive contact structure that conductively and physically contacts the base region.1. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device, the BJT device comprising a collector region, a base region and an emitter region; a field effect transistor, the field effect transistor comprising source/drain regions; at least one conductive contact structure that conductively contacts one of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region; a conductive source/drain metallization structure that conductively contacts one of the source/drain regions, wherein a material of construction of the at least one conductive contact structure and a material of construction of the conductive source/drain metallization structure are the same; a first fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region is positioned in the first fin structure; and a second fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the source/drain regions is positioned in the second fin structure. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the BJT device is one of an NPN BJT device or a PNP BJT device and wherein the field effect transistor is one of an NFET device or a PFET device. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one conductive contact structure comprises at least one collector conductive contact structure, at least one base conductive contact structure and at least one emitter conductive contact structure, wherein the at least one base conductive contact structure physically contacts the base region. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the field effect transistor is one of a FinFET device or a planar device. 5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the material of construction of the at least one conductive contact structure and the material of construction of the conductive source/drain metallization structure comprises a metal silicide material and a conductive material positioned above the metal silicide material. 7. (canceled) 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the base region comprises a doped region positioned in the first fin structure laterally between the collector region and the emitter region. 9. A device, comprising:
first and second fin structures defined in a semiconductor substrate; a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device, the BJT device comprising a collector region, a base region and an emitter region, wherein at least a portion of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region is positioned in the first fin structure; a field effect transistor, the field effect transistor comprising source/drain regions, wherein at least a portion of the source/drain regions is positioned in the second fin structure; at least one collector conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the collector region; at least one base conductive contact structure that conductively and physically contacts the base region; at least one emitter conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the emitter region; and a conductive source/drain metallization structure that conductively contacts one of the source/drain regions, wherein the at least one collector conductive contact structure, the at least one base conductive contact structure, the at least one emitter conductive contact structure and the conductive source/drain metallization structure all comprise a same material of construction. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the same material of construction comprises a metal silicide material and a conductive material positioned above the metal silicide material. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the collector region comprises at least one first doped epitaxial semiconductor material region, the emitter region comprises at least one second doped epitaxial semiconductor material and the source/drain regions comprise a third doped epitaxial semiconductor material, wherein the first, second and third doped epitaxial semiconductor materials comprise a same doped epitaxial semiconductor material. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the base region comprises a doped region positioned in the first fin structure between the collector region and the emitter region. 13. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device, the BJT device comprising a collector region, a base region and an emitter region; a field effect transistor; at least one base conductive contact structure that conductively and physically contacts the base region; and a first fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the collector region, the base region and the emitter region is positioned in the first fin structure. 14. The device of claim 13, further comprising source/drain regions for the field effect transistor, the source/drain regions comprising a first doped epitaxial semiconductor material, wherein the collector region comprises a second doped epitaxial semiconductor material region, the emitter region comprises a third doped epitaxial semiconductor material region and wherein the first, second and third doped epitaxial semiconductor materials comprise a same doped epitaxial semiconductor material. 15. The device of claim 13, further comprising:
at least one collector conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the collector region; at least one emitter conductive contact structure that conductively contacts the emitter region; source/drain regions for the field effect transistor; and a conductive source/drain metallization structure that conductively contacts one of the source/drain regions, wherein the at least one collector conductive contact structure, the at least one base conductive contact structure, the at least one emitter conductive contact structure and the conductive source/drain metallization structure all comprise a same material of construction. 16. The device of claim 13, wherein the material of construction of the at least one base conductive contact structure comprises a metal silicide material and a conductive material positioned above the metal silicide material. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the base region comprises a doped region positioned in the substrate laterally between the collector region and the emitter region. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. The device of claim 14, further comprising a second fin structure, wherein at least a portion of the source/drain regions is positioned in the second fin structure. | 2,600 |
344,234 | 16,803,721 | 3,734 | A spare tire carrier has a base tube. A first side plate and second side plate are attached to the base tube. A first pin is disposed between the first side plate and second side plate. A support tube is configured to pivot around the first pin. A tire support bracket is attached to the support tube. A retainer bolt is attached to the support tube above the tire support bracket. | 1. A tire carrier, comprising:
a base tube; a first side plate attached to the base tube; a second side plate attached to the base tube opposite the first side plate; a first bolt disposed through the first side plate, base tube, and second side plate; a second bolt disposed through the first side plate, base tube, and second side plate; a first pin disposed through a first opening of the first side plate and a first opening of the second side plate, wherein the first pin extends directly over the base tube; a support tube comprising a first opening formed through the support tube and a second opening formed through the support tube a first distance from the first opening of the support tube, wherein the support tube is configured to pivot around the first pin with the first pin disposed through the first opening of the support tube; a pair of second openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the second openings of the first side plate and second side plate are horizontally aligned with each other and with the first openings of the first side plate and second side plate, wherein a line from the second opening of the first side plate to the second opening of the second side plate extends directly over the base tube, and wherein the second opening of the first side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the first side plate and the second opening of the second side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the second side plate; a pair of third openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the third openings of the first side plate and second side plate are horizontally aligned with each other and vertically aligned with the first openings of the first side plate and second side plate, and wherein the third opening of the first side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the first side plate and the third opening of the second side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the second side plate; a pair of fourth openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the fourth openings of the first side plate and second side plate are horizontally aligned with each other and at a first angle from vertical relative to the first openings of the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the first angle is configured to allow a vehicle door to swing within an inch of the support tube without hitting the support tube when an outside side surface of the support tube is aligned with the fourth openings, and wherein the fourth opening of the first side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the first side plate and the fourth opening of the second side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the second side plate; a tire support bracket attached to the support tube by a third bolt and a fourth bolt extending through the support tube and the tire support bracket, wherein the tire support bracket is formed from a first sheet of steel bent to form a first arm and second arm, wherein the first arm and second arm are configured to support a weight of a spare tire set on the tire support bracket, wherein the first arm of the tire support bracket is a second distance from a center of the support tube, and wherein the second arm of the tire support bracket is a third distance from the center of the support tube different from the second distance; a spare tire holding bracket comprising a second sheet of steel bent to include a first arm and a second arm with the support tube disposed between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; a retainer bolt extending through a first opening in the first arm of the spare tire holding bracket and a second opening in the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket, wherein the retainer bolt extends in a direction parallel to the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket and is disposed equidistant from the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket; a first nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket, wherein the first nut is tightened down against a head of the retainer bolt with the first arm of the spare tire holding bracket disposed between the first nut and head; a second nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; and a third nut disposed on the retainer bolt on a complete opposite side of the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket from the head of the retainer bolt, wherein the third nut is tightened down on the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket to clamp the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket down onto the support tube. 2-3. (canceled) 4. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a retainer plate disposed on the retainer bolt. 5-7. (canceled) 8. A tire carrier, comprising:
a base tube; a first side plate attached to the base tube; a second side plate attached to the base tube opposite the first side plate, wherein an end of the base tube aligns with a side surface of the first side plate and a side surface of the second side plate; a first pin extending through the first side plate and second side plate; a support tube pivotally attached to the base tube by the first pin; a tire support bracket attached to the support tube, wherein the tire support bracket is formed from a first sheet of steel bent to form a first arm and a second arm, and wherein the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket are oriented off-center from the support tube; a spare tire holding bracket comprising a first arm and a second arm with the support tube disposed between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; a retainer bolt extending through the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket, wherein the retainer bolt extends in a direction parallel to the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket and is disposed centered over the tire support bracket. 9. The tire carrier of claim 8, further including a plurality of openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate for limiting rotation of the support tube at a plurality of predefined angles. 10. The tire carrier of claim 9, wherein the plurality of predefined angles includes vertical, horizontal, and a third angle that is nonvertical and nonhorizontal, wherein the third angle is configured such that a side surface of the support tube is resting on a second pin disposed through one of the openings in the first side plate and a corresponding one of the openings in the second side plate without the second pin extending through an opening in the support tube. 11. The tire carrier of claim 8, wherein the spare tire holding bracket and retainer bolt in combination extend completely around the support tube. 12. The tire carrier of claim 8, further including:
a first nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; a second nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; and a third nut disposed on the retainer bolt outside of the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket. 13. (canceled) 14. A method of storing a tire on a vehicle, comprising:
mounting a base tube to a trailer hitch receiver; attaching a first side plate to the base tube; attaching a second side plate to the base tube opposite the first side plate; pivotally attaching a support tube between the first side plate and second side plate by extending a first pin through a first opening of the support tube, a first opening of the first side plate, and a first opening of the second side plate; disposing a second pin through a second opening of the support tube, a second opening of the first side plate, and a second opening of the second side plate, wherein the second openings are vertically aligned with the first openings; disposing a third pin through a third opening of the first side plate and a third opening of the second side plate while the second pin remains extending through the second openings of the first side plate, second side plate, and support tube; removing the second pin from the second openings; and rotating the support tube down to rest on the third pin after removing the second pin and without removing the third pin. 15-16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 14, further including:
removing the third pin; and disposing the third pin through the third openings of the first side plate and second side plate and the second opening in the support tube. 18. The method of claim 17, further including opening a rear door of the vehicle while the support tube remains resting on the third pin, wherein the rear door swings within an inch of the support tube without contacting the support tube. 19. The method of claim 14, further including disposing a chain through the tire and through an opening in the support tube. 20. The method of claim 14, further including:
attaching a retainer bolt to the support tube; disposing the tire around the retainer bolt; and disposing a retainer plate on the retainer bolt with the tire between the retainer plate and support tube. 21. The method of claim 20, further including:
providing a spare tire holding bracket comprising a first arm and a second arm; disposing the spare tire holding bracket with the support tube between the first arm and second arm; and disposing the retainer bolt through openings of the first arm and second arm. 22. The method of claim 21, further including:
disposing a first nut on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm; disposing a second nut on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm; and disposing a third nut on the retainer bolt outside of an area between the first arm and second arm. 23. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a second pin disposed through the second openings of the first side plate, second side plate, and support tube, wherein the support tube is oriented parallel to the base tube, and wherein a footprint of the support tube overlaps a footprint of the base tube for an entire distance between the first pin and second pin. 24. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a second pin disposed through the fourth openings of the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the support tube is resting on the second pin without the second pin extending through the second opening of the support tube. 25. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a second pin disposed through the second opening of the support tube and the third openings of the first side plate and second side plate, and wherein the support tube is oriented perpendicularly to the base tube. 26. The tire carrier of claim 1, wherein the second nut is physically separated from the second arm of the tire support bracket. 27. The tire carrier of claim 12, wherein the first nut is tightened against the first arm of the spare tire holding bracket and the second nut is tightened against the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket to increase a distance of separation between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket. 28. The tire carrier of claim 12, wherein the third nut is tightened against the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket to clamp the support tube between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket. | A spare tire carrier has a base tube. A first side plate and second side plate are attached to the base tube. A first pin is disposed between the first side plate and second side plate. A support tube is configured to pivot around the first pin. A tire support bracket is attached to the support tube. A retainer bolt is attached to the support tube above the tire support bracket.1. A tire carrier, comprising:
a base tube; a first side plate attached to the base tube; a second side plate attached to the base tube opposite the first side plate; a first bolt disposed through the first side plate, base tube, and second side plate; a second bolt disposed through the first side plate, base tube, and second side plate; a first pin disposed through a first opening of the first side plate and a first opening of the second side plate, wherein the first pin extends directly over the base tube; a support tube comprising a first opening formed through the support tube and a second opening formed through the support tube a first distance from the first opening of the support tube, wherein the support tube is configured to pivot around the first pin with the first pin disposed through the first opening of the support tube; a pair of second openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the second openings of the first side plate and second side plate are horizontally aligned with each other and with the first openings of the first side plate and second side plate, wherein a line from the second opening of the first side plate to the second opening of the second side plate extends directly over the base tube, and wherein the second opening of the first side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the first side plate and the second opening of the second side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the second side plate; a pair of third openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the third openings of the first side plate and second side plate are horizontally aligned with each other and vertically aligned with the first openings of the first side plate and second side plate, and wherein the third opening of the first side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the first side plate and the third opening of the second side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the second side plate; a pair of fourth openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the fourth openings of the first side plate and second side plate are horizontally aligned with each other and at a first angle from vertical relative to the first openings of the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the first angle is configured to allow a vehicle door to swing within an inch of the support tube without hitting the support tube when an outside side surface of the support tube is aligned with the fourth openings, and wherein the fourth opening of the first side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the first side plate and the fourth opening of the second side plate is the first distance from the first opening of the second side plate; a tire support bracket attached to the support tube by a third bolt and a fourth bolt extending through the support tube and the tire support bracket, wherein the tire support bracket is formed from a first sheet of steel bent to form a first arm and second arm, wherein the first arm and second arm are configured to support a weight of a spare tire set on the tire support bracket, wherein the first arm of the tire support bracket is a second distance from a center of the support tube, and wherein the second arm of the tire support bracket is a third distance from the center of the support tube different from the second distance; a spare tire holding bracket comprising a second sheet of steel bent to include a first arm and a second arm with the support tube disposed between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; a retainer bolt extending through a first opening in the first arm of the spare tire holding bracket and a second opening in the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket, wherein the retainer bolt extends in a direction parallel to the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket and is disposed equidistant from the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket; a first nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket, wherein the first nut is tightened down against a head of the retainer bolt with the first arm of the spare tire holding bracket disposed between the first nut and head; a second nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; and a third nut disposed on the retainer bolt on a complete opposite side of the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket from the head of the retainer bolt, wherein the third nut is tightened down on the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket to clamp the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket down onto the support tube. 2-3. (canceled) 4. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a retainer plate disposed on the retainer bolt. 5-7. (canceled) 8. A tire carrier, comprising:
a base tube; a first side plate attached to the base tube; a second side plate attached to the base tube opposite the first side plate, wherein an end of the base tube aligns with a side surface of the first side plate and a side surface of the second side plate; a first pin extending through the first side plate and second side plate; a support tube pivotally attached to the base tube by the first pin; a tire support bracket attached to the support tube, wherein the tire support bracket is formed from a first sheet of steel bent to form a first arm and a second arm, and wherein the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket are oriented off-center from the support tube; a spare tire holding bracket comprising a first arm and a second arm with the support tube disposed between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; a retainer bolt extending through the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket, wherein the retainer bolt extends in a direction parallel to the first arm and second arm of the tire support bracket and is disposed centered over the tire support bracket. 9. The tire carrier of claim 8, further including a plurality of openings formed through the first side plate and second side plate for limiting rotation of the support tube at a plurality of predefined angles. 10. The tire carrier of claim 9, wherein the plurality of predefined angles includes vertical, horizontal, and a third angle that is nonvertical and nonhorizontal, wherein the third angle is configured such that a side surface of the support tube is resting on a second pin disposed through one of the openings in the first side plate and a corresponding one of the openings in the second side plate without the second pin extending through an opening in the support tube. 11. The tire carrier of claim 8, wherein the spare tire holding bracket and retainer bolt in combination extend completely around the support tube. 12. The tire carrier of claim 8, further including:
a first nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; a second nut disposed on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket; and a third nut disposed on the retainer bolt outside of the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket. 13. (canceled) 14. A method of storing a tire on a vehicle, comprising:
mounting a base tube to a trailer hitch receiver; attaching a first side plate to the base tube; attaching a second side plate to the base tube opposite the first side plate; pivotally attaching a support tube between the first side plate and second side plate by extending a first pin through a first opening of the support tube, a first opening of the first side plate, and a first opening of the second side plate; disposing a second pin through a second opening of the support tube, a second opening of the first side plate, and a second opening of the second side plate, wherein the second openings are vertically aligned with the first openings; disposing a third pin through a third opening of the first side plate and a third opening of the second side plate while the second pin remains extending through the second openings of the first side plate, second side plate, and support tube; removing the second pin from the second openings; and rotating the support tube down to rest on the third pin after removing the second pin and without removing the third pin. 15-16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 14, further including:
removing the third pin; and disposing the third pin through the third openings of the first side plate and second side plate and the second opening in the support tube. 18. The method of claim 17, further including opening a rear door of the vehicle while the support tube remains resting on the third pin, wherein the rear door swings within an inch of the support tube without contacting the support tube. 19. The method of claim 14, further including disposing a chain through the tire and through an opening in the support tube. 20. The method of claim 14, further including:
attaching a retainer bolt to the support tube; disposing the tire around the retainer bolt; and disposing a retainer plate on the retainer bolt with the tire between the retainer plate and support tube. 21. The method of claim 20, further including:
providing a spare tire holding bracket comprising a first arm and a second arm; disposing the spare tire holding bracket with the support tube between the first arm and second arm; and disposing the retainer bolt through openings of the first arm and second arm. 22. The method of claim 21, further including:
disposing a first nut on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm; disposing a second nut on the retainer bolt between the first arm and second arm; and disposing a third nut on the retainer bolt outside of an area between the first arm and second arm. 23. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a second pin disposed through the second openings of the first side plate, second side plate, and support tube, wherein the support tube is oriented parallel to the base tube, and wherein a footprint of the support tube overlaps a footprint of the base tube for an entire distance between the first pin and second pin. 24. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a second pin disposed through the fourth openings of the first side plate and second side plate, wherein the support tube is resting on the second pin without the second pin extending through the second opening of the support tube. 25. The tire carrier of claim 1, further including a second pin disposed through the second opening of the support tube and the third openings of the first side plate and second side plate, and wherein the support tube is oriented perpendicularly to the base tube. 26. The tire carrier of claim 1, wherein the second nut is physically separated from the second arm of the tire support bracket. 27. The tire carrier of claim 12, wherein the first nut is tightened against the first arm of the spare tire holding bracket and the second nut is tightened against the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket to increase a distance of separation between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket. 28. The tire carrier of claim 12, wherein the third nut is tightened against the second arm of the spare tire holding bracket to clamp the support tube between the first arm and second arm of the spare tire holding bracket. | 3,700 |
344,235 | 16,803,722 | 3,734 | A diagnostic system and method for troubleshooting an electronic system of a vehicle includes receiving a diagnostic trouble code set into a diagnostic system. The diagnostic trouble code set includes one or more diagnostic trouble codes. The method includes receiving diagnostic specifications. The diagnostic specifications associate connector pins and wires of the electronic system with possible diagnostic trouble codes. The method includes receiving wiring circuit specifications. The wiring circuit specifications associate wiring circuits of the electronic system with the connectors of the electronic system. The method includes determining a set of possible repair locations based on the diagnostic trouble code set, the diagnostic specifications, and the wiring circuit specifications, and displaying at least one possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. | 1. A method of troubleshooting an electronic system of a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving a diagnostic trouble code set into a diagnostic system, the diagnostic trouble code set including one or more diagnostic trouble codes; receiving diagnostic specifications, the diagnostic specifications associating connector pins and wires of the electronic system with possible diagnostic trouble codes; receiving wiring circuit specifications, the wiring circuit specifications associating wiring circuits of the electronic system with the connectors of the electronic system; determining a set of possible repair locations based on the diagnostic trouble code set, the diagnostic specifications, and the wiring circuit specifications; and displaying at least one possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising ranking each possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein ranking each possible repair location includes considering a repair difficulty factor. 4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising displaying an image of at least a portion of the electronic system in a representation of the vehicle and identifying the at least one possible repair location on the image. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the image includes a 3-dimensional model of the at least a portion of the electronic system. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the image includes a wiring diagram of the electronic system. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electronic system is installed in the vehicle and the vehicle is one vehicle of a set of vehicles, the method further comprising:
receiving repair data from different vehicles within the set of vehicles, the different vehicles being different than the vehicle, wherein the step of determining the set of possible repair locations is further based on the repair data from the different vehicles and a build sequence of the set of vehicles. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the possible repair locations include one or more connectors. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic trouble code set includes trouble codes associated with at least two different circuits of the electronic system, wherein the at least two different circuits share a common connector, wherein the possible repair locations includes the common connector. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the possible repair locations include a location along a wire of the electronic system. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic trouble code set includes trouble codes associated with at least two different circuits of the electronic system, wherein the at least two different circuits each include a length of wire routed through a common region of the vehicle, wherein the possible repair locations includes the common region. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wiring circuit specifications includes wiring schematics of the electronic system. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one possible repair location is displayed on the wiring schematics of the electronic system. 14. The method according to claim 1 further comprising receiving repair locations that correspond to successful repairs done on different vehicles that had diagnostic trouble codes similar to the diagnostic trouble code set. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic specifications associate connector identifiers of the connectors of the electronic system with possible diagnostic trouble codes, wherein the wiring circuit specifications associate circuit identifiers of the wiring circuits of the electronic system with the connector identifiers. 16. A diagnostics system for troubleshooting an electronic system installed on a vehicle, the diagnostics system comprising:
a test device configured to test the electronic system; a controller configured to receive test data from the test device, the controller configured to determine a set of possible repair locations based on a diagnostic trouble code set, a set of diagnostic specifications of the electronic system, and a set of wiring circuit specifications of the electronic system; and a display in communication with the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the display to output at least one possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 17. The diagnostics system according to claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to rank each possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 18. The diagnostics system according to claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to control the display to output an image of at least a portion of the electronic system such that the at least one possible repair location is shown on the image. 19. The diagnostics system according to claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to determine the set of possible repair locations further based on repairs done on other vehicles within a sequence of vehicles that includes the vehicle on which the electronic system is installed. 20. The diagnostic system according to claim 16, wherein the possible repair locations includes one or more connector of the electronic system, a location along a wire of the electronic system, or the one or more connector and the location along the wire. | A diagnostic system and method for troubleshooting an electronic system of a vehicle includes receiving a diagnostic trouble code set into a diagnostic system. The diagnostic trouble code set includes one or more diagnostic trouble codes. The method includes receiving diagnostic specifications. The diagnostic specifications associate connector pins and wires of the electronic system with possible diagnostic trouble codes. The method includes receiving wiring circuit specifications. The wiring circuit specifications associate wiring circuits of the electronic system with the connectors of the electronic system. The method includes determining a set of possible repair locations based on the diagnostic trouble code set, the diagnostic specifications, and the wiring circuit specifications, and displaying at least one possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations.1. A method of troubleshooting an electronic system of a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving a diagnostic trouble code set into a diagnostic system, the diagnostic trouble code set including one or more diagnostic trouble codes; receiving diagnostic specifications, the diagnostic specifications associating connector pins and wires of the electronic system with possible diagnostic trouble codes; receiving wiring circuit specifications, the wiring circuit specifications associating wiring circuits of the electronic system with the connectors of the electronic system; determining a set of possible repair locations based on the diagnostic trouble code set, the diagnostic specifications, and the wiring circuit specifications; and displaying at least one possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising ranking each possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein ranking each possible repair location includes considering a repair difficulty factor. 4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising displaying an image of at least a portion of the electronic system in a representation of the vehicle and identifying the at least one possible repair location on the image. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the image includes a 3-dimensional model of the at least a portion of the electronic system. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the image includes a wiring diagram of the electronic system. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electronic system is installed in the vehicle and the vehicle is one vehicle of a set of vehicles, the method further comprising:
receiving repair data from different vehicles within the set of vehicles, the different vehicles being different than the vehicle, wherein the step of determining the set of possible repair locations is further based on the repair data from the different vehicles and a build sequence of the set of vehicles. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the possible repair locations include one or more connectors. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic trouble code set includes trouble codes associated with at least two different circuits of the electronic system, wherein the at least two different circuits share a common connector, wherein the possible repair locations includes the common connector. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the possible repair locations include a location along a wire of the electronic system. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic trouble code set includes trouble codes associated with at least two different circuits of the electronic system, wherein the at least two different circuits each include a length of wire routed through a common region of the vehicle, wherein the possible repair locations includes the common region. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wiring circuit specifications includes wiring schematics of the electronic system. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one possible repair location is displayed on the wiring schematics of the electronic system. 14. The method according to claim 1 further comprising receiving repair locations that correspond to successful repairs done on different vehicles that had diagnostic trouble codes similar to the diagnostic trouble code set. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic specifications associate connector identifiers of the connectors of the electronic system with possible diagnostic trouble codes, wherein the wiring circuit specifications associate circuit identifiers of the wiring circuits of the electronic system with the connector identifiers. 16. A diagnostics system for troubleshooting an electronic system installed on a vehicle, the diagnostics system comprising:
a test device configured to test the electronic system; a controller configured to receive test data from the test device, the controller configured to determine a set of possible repair locations based on a diagnostic trouble code set, a set of diagnostic specifications of the electronic system, and a set of wiring circuit specifications of the electronic system; and a display in communication with the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the display to output at least one possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 17. The diagnostics system according to claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to rank each possible repair location of the set of possible repair locations. 18. The diagnostics system according to claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to control the display to output an image of at least a portion of the electronic system such that the at least one possible repair location is shown on the image. 19. The diagnostics system according to claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to determine the set of possible repair locations further based on repairs done on other vehicles within a sequence of vehicles that includes the vehicle on which the electronic system is installed. 20. The diagnostic system according to claim 16, wherein the possible repair locations includes one or more connector of the electronic system, a location along a wire of the electronic system, or the one or more connector and the location along the wire. | 3,700 |
344,236 | 16,803,667 | 3,734 | Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium. | 1-51. (canceled) 52. A bioreactor, comprising:
a container; at least one membrane disposed within or on a surface of the container, the at least one membrane comprising a first surface and a second surface; a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus, contacting the first surface of the at least one membrane; and a filamentous fungus inoculum, disposed on either the first surface or the second surface of the at least one membrane, wherein, upon culturing the inoculum in the bioreactor, a biomat of the filamentous fungus forms on the second surface of the at least one membrane after a biomat growth period. 53. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the container is a bag, wherein the first and second surfaces of the at least one membrane are first and second surfaces of at least a portion of the bag. 54. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the feedstock is subjected to a positive or negative pressure imparted on a side of the feedstock opposite at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the at least one membrane. 55. The bioreactor of claim 52, further comprising cyanobacteria, wherein the cyanobacteria provide at least one of oxygen gas and carbon to promote the growth of the biomat. 56. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein at least one of the following is true:
i) a density of the biomat is at least about 0.05 grams per cubic centimeter; and ii) a density of the biomat after drying is at least about 0.01 grams per cubic centimeter. 57. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the biomat comprises at least one layer. 58. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the biomat has a tensile strength of at least about 3 kilopascals or at least about 30 grams-force per square centimeter. 59. The bioreactor of claim 58, wherein the biomat has a tensile strength of at least about 100 kilopascals or at least about 1,020 grams-force per square centimeter. 60. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylenes, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polycarbonates, polyamides, cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene fluorides, mixed cellulose esters, polyethersulfones, polyethylenes, and polypyrroles. 61. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene fabrics, polytetrafluoroethylene fabrics, and a nylon net filter. 62. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least one of a glass fiber material and a porous ceramic material. 63. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein an average pore size of the at least one membrane is between about 0.2 μm and about 25 μm. 64. The bioreactor of claim 63, wherein an average pore size of the at least one membrane is between about 5 μm and about 11 μm. 65. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the container is enclosed and substantially airtight, wherein the container encloses a gas headspace into which the biomat grows. 66. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the biomat separates from the at least one membrane spontaneously. 67. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein, when the biomat is removed from the at least one membrane, a new inoculum of filamentous fungi remains on the at least one membrane. 68. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the filamentous fungus belongs to an order selected from the group consisting of Mucorales, Ustilaginales, Russulales, Polyporales, Agaricales, Pezizales and Hypocreales. 69. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the filamentous fungus belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Mucoraceae, Ustilaginaceae, Hericiaceae, Polyporaceae, Grifolaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Strophariaceae, Lycoperdaceae, Agaricaceae, Pleurotaceae, Physalacriaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, Tuberaceae, Morchellaceae, Sparassidaceae, Nectriaceae, Bionectriaceae, and Cordycipitaceae. 70. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the filamentous fungus is selected from the group consisting of strain Rhizopus oligosporus, Ustilago esculenta, Hericululm erinaceus, Polyporous squamosus, Grifola frondosa, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Hypsizygus ulmarius (elm oyster), Calocybe gambosa, Pholiota nameko, Calvatia gigantea, Agaricus bisporus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Hypholoma lateritium, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus (pearl), Pleurotus ostreatus var. columbines (Blue oyster), Tuber borchii, Morchella esculenta, Morchella conica, Morchella importuna, Sparassis crispa (cauliflower), Fusarium venenatum, strain MK7 (ATCC Accession Deposit No. PTA-10698), Disciotis venosa, and Cordyceps militaris. Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Leucoagaricus holosericeus, Calvatia fragilis, Handkea utriformis, and Pholiota adiposa. 71. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the feedstock comprises at least one of feces of an animal and urine of an animal. 72. The bioreactor of claim 71, wherein the animal is a human. 73. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane is a single composite membrane, wherein the first surface comprises a first material and the second surface comprises a second material. 74. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least a first membrane and a second membrane, wherein the first surface is a surface of the first membrane and the second surface is a surface of the second membrane. 75. The bioreactor of claim 74, wherein the first and second membranes are in physical contact with each other. 76. The bioreactor of claim 52, further comprising a selective gas-permeable membrane, wherein a first gas produced during growth of the biomat is selectively separated into a gas headspace on a first side of the selective gas-permeable membrane. 77. The bioreactor of claim 76, wherein a second gas produced during growth of the biomat is selectively separated into a gas headspace on a second side of the membrane. 78. A method for producing a biomat of a filamentous fungus, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; at least one membrane disposed within or on a surface of the container, the at least one membrane comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein either or both of the first and second surfaces are adapted to receive thereon the inoculum of the filamentous fungus; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus, contacting the first surface of the at least one membrane. 79-104. (canceled) 105. A method for producing fresh water, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus; culturing the filamentous fungus to form a biomat on at least one of a surface of the feedstock and a surface of a membrane of the bioreactor, wherein the filamentous fungus produces water as a metabolic byproduct during growth of the biomat; and collecting water produced by the growth of the biomat. 106-110. (canceled) 111. A method for producing a gas, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus; culturing the filamentous fungus to form a biomat on at least one of a surface of the feedstock and a surface of a membrane of the bioreactor, wherein the filamentous fungus produces the gas as a metabolic byproduct during growth of the biomat; and collecting the gas produced by the growth of the biomat. 112. (canceled) 113. A method for producing a biomat of a filamentous fungus, comprising:
(a) inoculating an effective amount of cells of at least one filamentous fungus to a first aliquot of growth medium to produce an inoculated growth medium; (b) incubating the inoculated growth medium for a first time to produce an initial biomat; (c) removing at least a portion of the first aliquot of growth medium and adding a second aliquot of growth medium to provide a refreshed growth medium; and (d) incubating the refreshed growth medium for a second time to produce a finished biomat, wherein at least one of a thickness and a dry-mass density of the finished biomat is greater than that of the initial biomat. 114-123. (canceled) 124. A biomat of at least one filamentous fungus, having a dry-mass density of at least about 75 grams per liter. 125-134. (canceled) 135. A method for producing a biomat of a filamentous fungus, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; at least one mesh scaffold disposed within or on a surface of the container, the at least one mesh scaffold comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein either or both of the first and second surfaces are adapted to receive thereon the inoculum of the filamentous fungus; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus, contacting the first surface of the mesh scaffold. 136-141. (canceled) | Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.1-51. (canceled) 52. A bioreactor, comprising:
a container; at least one membrane disposed within or on a surface of the container, the at least one membrane comprising a first surface and a second surface; a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus, contacting the first surface of the at least one membrane; and a filamentous fungus inoculum, disposed on either the first surface or the second surface of the at least one membrane, wherein, upon culturing the inoculum in the bioreactor, a biomat of the filamentous fungus forms on the second surface of the at least one membrane after a biomat growth period. 53. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the container is a bag, wherein the first and second surfaces of the at least one membrane are first and second surfaces of at least a portion of the bag. 54. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the feedstock is subjected to a positive or negative pressure imparted on a side of the feedstock opposite at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the at least one membrane. 55. The bioreactor of claim 52, further comprising cyanobacteria, wherein the cyanobacteria provide at least one of oxygen gas and carbon to promote the growth of the biomat. 56. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein at least one of the following is true:
i) a density of the biomat is at least about 0.05 grams per cubic centimeter; and ii) a density of the biomat after drying is at least about 0.01 grams per cubic centimeter. 57. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the biomat comprises at least one layer. 58. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the biomat has a tensile strength of at least about 3 kilopascals or at least about 30 grams-force per square centimeter. 59. The bioreactor of claim 58, wherein the biomat has a tensile strength of at least about 100 kilopascals or at least about 1,020 grams-force per square centimeter. 60. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylenes, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polycarbonates, polyamides, cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene fluorides, mixed cellulose esters, polyethersulfones, polyethylenes, and polypyrroles. 61. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene fabrics, polytetrafluoroethylene fabrics, and a nylon net filter. 62. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least one of a glass fiber material and a porous ceramic material. 63. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein an average pore size of the at least one membrane is between about 0.2 μm and about 25 μm. 64. The bioreactor of claim 63, wherein an average pore size of the at least one membrane is between about 5 μm and about 11 μm. 65. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the container is enclosed and substantially airtight, wherein the container encloses a gas headspace into which the biomat grows. 66. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the biomat separates from the at least one membrane spontaneously. 67. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein, when the biomat is removed from the at least one membrane, a new inoculum of filamentous fungi remains on the at least one membrane. 68. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the filamentous fungus belongs to an order selected from the group consisting of Mucorales, Ustilaginales, Russulales, Polyporales, Agaricales, Pezizales and Hypocreales. 69. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the filamentous fungus belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Mucoraceae, Ustilaginaceae, Hericiaceae, Polyporaceae, Grifolaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Strophariaceae, Lycoperdaceae, Agaricaceae, Pleurotaceae, Physalacriaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, Tuberaceae, Morchellaceae, Sparassidaceae, Nectriaceae, Bionectriaceae, and Cordycipitaceae. 70. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the filamentous fungus is selected from the group consisting of strain Rhizopus oligosporus, Ustilago esculenta, Hericululm erinaceus, Polyporous squamosus, Grifola frondosa, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Hypsizygus ulmarius (elm oyster), Calocybe gambosa, Pholiota nameko, Calvatia gigantea, Agaricus bisporus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Hypholoma lateritium, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus (pearl), Pleurotus ostreatus var. columbines (Blue oyster), Tuber borchii, Morchella esculenta, Morchella conica, Morchella importuna, Sparassis crispa (cauliflower), Fusarium venenatum, strain MK7 (ATCC Accession Deposit No. PTA-10698), Disciotis venosa, and Cordyceps militaris. Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Leucoagaricus holosericeus, Calvatia fragilis, Handkea utriformis, and Pholiota adiposa. 71. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the feedstock comprises at least one of feces of an animal and urine of an animal. 72. The bioreactor of claim 71, wherein the animal is a human. 73. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane is a single composite membrane, wherein the first surface comprises a first material and the second surface comprises a second material. 74. The bioreactor of claim 52, wherein the at least one membrane comprises at least a first membrane and a second membrane, wherein the first surface is a surface of the first membrane and the second surface is a surface of the second membrane. 75. The bioreactor of claim 74, wherein the first and second membranes are in physical contact with each other. 76. The bioreactor of claim 52, further comprising a selective gas-permeable membrane, wherein a first gas produced during growth of the biomat is selectively separated into a gas headspace on a first side of the selective gas-permeable membrane. 77. The bioreactor of claim 76, wherein a second gas produced during growth of the biomat is selectively separated into a gas headspace on a second side of the membrane. 78. A method for producing a biomat of a filamentous fungus, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; at least one membrane disposed within or on a surface of the container, the at least one membrane comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein either or both of the first and second surfaces are adapted to receive thereon the inoculum of the filamentous fungus; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus, contacting the first surface of the at least one membrane. 79-104. (canceled) 105. A method for producing fresh water, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus; culturing the filamentous fungus to form a biomat on at least one of a surface of the feedstock and a surface of a membrane of the bioreactor, wherein the filamentous fungus produces water as a metabolic byproduct during growth of the biomat; and collecting water produced by the growth of the biomat. 106-110. (canceled) 111. A method for producing a gas, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus; culturing the filamentous fungus to form a biomat on at least one of a surface of the feedstock and a surface of a membrane of the bioreactor, wherein the filamentous fungus produces the gas as a metabolic byproduct during growth of the biomat; and collecting the gas produced by the growth of the biomat. 112. (canceled) 113. A method for producing a biomat of a filamentous fungus, comprising:
(a) inoculating an effective amount of cells of at least one filamentous fungus to a first aliquot of growth medium to produce an inoculated growth medium; (b) incubating the inoculated growth medium for a first time to produce an initial biomat; (c) removing at least a portion of the first aliquot of growth medium and adding a second aliquot of growth medium to provide a refreshed growth medium; and (d) incubating the refreshed growth medium for a second time to produce a finished biomat, wherein at least one of a thickness and a dry-mass density of the finished biomat is greater than that of the initial biomat. 114-123. (canceled) 124. A biomat of at least one filamentous fungus, having a dry-mass density of at least about 75 grams per liter. 125-134. (canceled) 135. A method for producing a biomat of a filamentous fungus, comprising:
inoculating a filamentous fungus in a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: a container; at least one mesh scaffold disposed within or on a surface of the container, the at least one mesh scaffold comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein either or both of the first and second surfaces are adapted to receive thereon the inoculum of the filamentous fungus; and a feedstock for the growth of a filamentous fungus, contacting the first surface of the mesh scaffold. 136-141. (canceled) | 3,700 |
344,237 | 16,803,717 | 3,734 | A process for coloring post-production cables or coloring cables in an in-line manufacturing process can include coloring a polymer coated conductive cable or wire using a colorant solution. In one example, the wire can be passed through a trough, bath or spray of the colorant solution. In one example, the colorant can have a transparent characteristic to it in order to allow the printing on the cable to show through the colorant applied to the cable. | 1. A method for coloring a covering of an insulated cable comprising:
providing a solution for coloring the covering of the insulated cable a predetermined color; heating the solution to obtain a heated solution for coating the covering of the insulated cable; advancing the insulated cable through a coloring station at a predetermined speed to apply the heated solution to the covering for a predetermined duration time to open up pores in the covering and to color the covering the predetermined color; and blowing air at the insulated cable after the insulated cable is advanced through the heated solution to remove excess solution from the insulated cable and to dry and cool the insulated cable. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined speed of the insulated cable is within a range of 50 feet per minute and 1000 feet per minute. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the insulated cable is heated to a temperature of 100° F. to 300° F. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising submerging the insulated cable in a trough, tank, chamber, or tube containing the heated solution. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the insulated cable is maintained in the heated solution for the predetermined duration time to ensure that the heated solution is properly absorbed by or adhered to the covering of the insulated cable. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heated solution is applied in as a spray. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the spray is pressurized such that the heated solution is pushed into microscopic pores of the covering of the insulated cable. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution is pumped through a heater to raise a temperature of the solution forming the heated solution. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising filtering sediment from the solution that enters the coloring station during applying the solution to the insulated cable. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding buffer solutions, acid, or base to the solution to help maintain a consistent pH level of the solution and to improve performance of the solution. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising cycling the solution from the coloring station to a filter and through a heater and back to the coloring station for coloring the insulated cable. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the solution to the coloring station by a supply line connected to a solution tank. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution has a translucent characteristic to allow printing on the insulated cable to appear after application of the solution. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating the solution to a temperature within a range of 130° F. and 230° F. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating the cable by a cable heater prior to entering the solution to open up microscopic pores located in the covering. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution is applied in a pressurized chamber. 17. A method for coloring an outer covering of an insulated cable comprising:
providing the insulated cable, wherein the insulated cable includes an inner conductive layer comprising a stranded or solid wire, a central layer, and the outer covering comprising a nylon material; providing a solution for coloring the outer covering of the insulated cable a predetermined color; heating the insulated cable using a cable heater to open up microscopic pores located in the outer covering; heating the solution to obtain a heated solution for coating the outer covering of the insulated cable, wherein the heated solution is contained within a trough that is connected to a circulation system, wherein the circulation system includes a pump, a heater for heating the solution, and a filter for filtering particles from the solution; submerging the insulated cable into the trough containing the heated solution after the insulated cable is heated by the cable heater; advancing the insulated cable through the trough at a predetermined speed to ensure that the heated solution is properly absorbed by or adhered to the outer covering of the insulated cable; and blowing air at the insulated cable after the insulated cable is advanced through the heated solution to remove excess solution from the insulated cable and to dry and cool the insulated cable. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the insulated cable is heated by the cable heater to a temperature in a range of a range of 100° F. and 300° F. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the predetermined speed is between 50 feet per minute and 1000 feet per minute. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the heated solution has a temperature within a range of a range of 130° F. and 230° F. | A process for coloring post-production cables or coloring cables in an in-line manufacturing process can include coloring a polymer coated conductive cable or wire using a colorant solution. In one example, the wire can be passed through a trough, bath or spray of the colorant solution. In one example, the colorant can have a transparent characteristic to it in order to allow the printing on the cable to show through the colorant applied to the cable.1. A method for coloring a covering of an insulated cable comprising:
providing a solution for coloring the covering of the insulated cable a predetermined color; heating the solution to obtain a heated solution for coating the covering of the insulated cable; advancing the insulated cable through a coloring station at a predetermined speed to apply the heated solution to the covering for a predetermined duration time to open up pores in the covering and to color the covering the predetermined color; and blowing air at the insulated cable after the insulated cable is advanced through the heated solution to remove excess solution from the insulated cable and to dry and cool the insulated cable. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined speed of the insulated cable is within a range of 50 feet per minute and 1000 feet per minute. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the insulated cable is heated to a temperature of 100° F. to 300° F. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising submerging the insulated cable in a trough, tank, chamber, or tube containing the heated solution. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the insulated cable is maintained in the heated solution for the predetermined duration time to ensure that the heated solution is properly absorbed by or adhered to the covering of the insulated cable. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heated solution is applied in as a spray. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the spray is pressurized such that the heated solution is pushed into microscopic pores of the covering of the insulated cable. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution is pumped through a heater to raise a temperature of the solution forming the heated solution. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising filtering sediment from the solution that enters the coloring station during applying the solution to the insulated cable. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding buffer solutions, acid, or base to the solution to help maintain a consistent pH level of the solution and to improve performance of the solution. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising cycling the solution from the coloring station to a filter and through a heater and back to the coloring station for coloring the insulated cable. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the solution to the coloring station by a supply line connected to a solution tank. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution has a translucent characteristic to allow printing on the insulated cable to appear after application of the solution. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating the solution to a temperature within a range of 130° F. and 230° F. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating the cable by a cable heater prior to entering the solution to open up microscopic pores located in the covering. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution is applied in a pressurized chamber. 17. A method for coloring an outer covering of an insulated cable comprising:
providing the insulated cable, wherein the insulated cable includes an inner conductive layer comprising a stranded or solid wire, a central layer, and the outer covering comprising a nylon material; providing a solution for coloring the outer covering of the insulated cable a predetermined color; heating the insulated cable using a cable heater to open up microscopic pores located in the outer covering; heating the solution to obtain a heated solution for coating the outer covering of the insulated cable, wherein the heated solution is contained within a trough that is connected to a circulation system, wherein the circulation system includes a pump, a heater for heating the solution, and a filter for filtering particles from the solution; submerging the insulated cable into the trough containing the heated solution after the insulated cable is heated by the cable heater; advancing the insulated cable through the trough at a predetermined speed to ensure that the heated solution is properly absorbed by or adhered to the outer covering of the insulated cable; and blowing air at the insulated cable after the insulated cable is advanced through the heated solution to remove excess solution from the insulated cable and to dry and cool the insulated cable. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the insulated cable is heated by the cable heater to a temperature in a range of a range of 100° F. and 300° F. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the predetermined speed is between 50 feet per minute and 1000 feet per minute. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the heated solution has a temperature within a range of a range of 130° F. and 230° F. | 3,700 |
344,238 | 16,803,705 | 3,734 | Techniques relating to detecting that a vehicle is likely to enter a lane region in front of another vehicle is described. In an example, computing device(s) onboard a first vehicle can receive sensor data associated with an environment of the first vehicle. Based at least in part on an attribute determined from the sensor data, the computing device(s) can determine that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle from a different direction of travel (e.g., by performing a u-turn, n-point turn, exiting a parting spot or driveway, etc.). In an example, the computing device(s) can determine an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on the determining that the second vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving sensor data associated with an environment of a first vehicle; detecting, based at least in part on the sensor data, a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle, wherein the second vehicle is substantially perpendicular to the first vehicle; determining, based at least in part on the sensor data, an attribute associated with the environment or the second vehicle that is indicative of whether the second vehicle is going to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle; determining, based at least in part on the attribute, an indication whether the second vehicle will enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle; and determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on the indication. 2. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the second vehicle is substantially perpendicular to the first vehicle based at least in part on an angle between the second vehicle and the first vehicle being within a designated offset of 90 degrees. 3. The method as claim 2 recites, wherein the designated offset is 50 degrees. 4. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the second vehicle is positioned in a parking spot, driveway, or alley that is substantially perpendicular to the first vehicle. 5. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the second vehicle is associated with a different direction of travel than the first vehicle. 6. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the attribute comprises at least one of:
a position of the second vehicle relative to the first vehicle;
an instantaneous velocity of the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the second vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the second vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the second vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the second vehicle is illuminated. 7. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving sensor data associated with an environment of a first vehicle;
determining, based at least in part on the sensor data, that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle; and
determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on determining that the second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. 8. The system as claim 7 recites, further comprising determining that the second vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle is based at least in part on determining one or more attributes associated with at least one of the second vehicle or the environment. 9. The system as claim 8 recites, wherein the one or more attributes comprise at least one of:
a position of the second vehicle relative to the first vehicle;
an instantaneous velocity of the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the second vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the second vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the second vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the second vehicle is illuminated. 10. The system as claim 7 recites, wherein the first vehicle and the second vehicle are positioned at an angle between a designated offset from 90 degrees. 11. The system as claim 10 recites, wherein the second vehicle is positioned in a parking spot or a driveway on a same side of a road as the first vehicle or on an opposite side of a road as the first vehicle. 12. The system as claim 7 recites, wherein determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle is based at least in part on an output from a machine-trained model, wherein the output comprises a binary indication whether the second vehicle will enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle or a percentage indicating a certainty associated with whether the second vehicle will enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. 13. The system as claim 7 recites, wherein the instruction causes the first vehicle to at least one of decelerate, stop, or perform a lane change operation. 14. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving sensor data associated with an environment of a first vehicle; converting the sensor data into a top-down representation of the environment; inputting the top-down representation into a machine-trained model; determining, based at least in part on inputting the top-down representation into the machine-trained model, that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle; and determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on determining that the second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein determining that the second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle is based at least in part on at least one attribute, wherein the attribute comprises:
an instantaneous velocity of the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the second vehicle and, if the driver is in the second vehicle, an indication of a head direction of the driver;
an indication of whether an engine of the second vehicle is in a running state or an off state;
a wheel angle associated with a wheel of the second vehicle; or
an indication of whether at least one of a brake light, a headlight, a reverse light, or a blinker of the second vehicle is illuminated. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein the second vehicle is associated with a different direction of travel than the first vehicle. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein the second vehicle and the first vehicle are positioned at an angle within a designated offset of 90 degrees. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites wherein the second vehicle is positioned in either (i) a parking spot or a driveway on a same side of a road as the first vehicle or (ii) a parking spot or a driveway on an opposite side of a road as the first vehicle. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, the operations further comprising:
inputting, into a prediction component, an indication that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle;
receiving, from the prediction component, a predicted trajectory associated with the second vehicle; and
determining the instruction further based at least in part on the predicted trajectory. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein the instruction causes the first vehicle to at least one of decelerate or perform a lane change operation. | Techniques relating to detecting that a vehicle is likely to enter a lane region in front of another vehicle is described. In an example, computing device(s) onboard a first vehicle can receive sensor data associated with an environment of the first vehicle. Based at least in part on an attribute determined from the sensor data, the computing device(s) can determine that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle from a different direction of travel (e.g., by performing a u-turn, n-point turn, exiting a parting spot or driveway, etc.). In an example, the computing device(s) can determine an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on the determining that the second vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle.1. A method comprising:
receiving sensor data associated with an environment of a first vehicle; detecting, based at least in part on the sensor data, a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle, wherein the second vehicle is substantially perpendicular to the first vehicle; determining, based at least in part on the sensor data, an attribute associated with the environment or the second vehicle that is indicative of whether the second vehicle is going to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle; determining, based at least in part on the attribute, an indication whether the second vehicle will enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle; and determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on the indication. 2. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the second vehicle is substantially perpendicular to the first vehicle based at least in part on an angle between the second vehicle and the first vehicle being within a designated offset of 90 degrees. 3. The method as claim 2 recites, wherein the designated offset is 50 degrees. 4. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the second vehicle is positioned in a parking spot, driveway, or alley that is substantially perpendicular to the first vehicle. 5. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the second vehicle is associated with a different direction of travel than the first vehicle. 6. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein the attribute comprises at least one of:
a position of the second vehicle relative to the first vehicle;
an instantaneous velocity of the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the second vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the second vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the second vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the second vehicle is illuminated. 7. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving sensor data associated with an environment of a first vehicle;
determining, based at least in part on the sensor data, that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle; and
determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on determining that the second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. 8. The system as claim 7 recites, further comprising determining that the second vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle is based at least in part on determining one or more attributes associated with at least one of the second vehicle or the environment. 9. The system as claim 8 recites, wherein the one or more attributes comprise at least one of:
a position of the second vehicle relative to the first vehicle;
an instantaneous velocity of the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a door associated with the second vehicle is open or closed;
an indication of whether an engine of the second vehicle is in a running state or off state;
an indication of whether a brake light of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a headlight of the second vehicle is illuminated;
an indication of whether a reverse light of the second vehicle is illuminated; or
an indication of whether a blinker of the second vehicle is illuminated. 10. The system as claim 7 recites, wherein the first vehicle and the second vehicle are positioned at an angle between a designated offset from 90 degrees. 11. The system as claim 10 recites, wherein the second vehicle is positioned in a parking spot or a driveway on a same side of a road as the first vehicle or on an opposite side of a road as the first vehicle. 12. The system as claim 7 recites, wherein determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle is based at least in part on an output from a machine-trained model, wherein the output comprises a binary indication whether the second vehicle will enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle or a percentage indicating a certainty associated with whether the second vehicle will enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. 13. The system as claim 7 recites, wherein the instruction causes the first vehicle to at least one of decelerate, stop, or perform a lane change operation. 14. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving sensor data associated with an environment of a first vehicle; converting the sensor data into a top-down representation of the environment; inputting the top-down representation into a machine-trained model; determining, based at least in part on inputting the top-down representation into the machine-trained model, that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle; and determining an instruction for controlling the first vehicle based at least in part on determining that the second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein determining that the second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter the lane region in front of the first vehicle is based at least in part on at least one attribute, wherein the attribute comprises:
an instantaneous velocity of the second vehicle;
an indication of whether a driver is in the second vehicle and, if the driver is in the second vehicle, an indication of a head direction of the driver;
an indication of whether an engine of the second vehicle is in a running state or an off state;
a wheel angle associated with a wheel of the second vehicle; or
an indication of whether at least one of a brake light, a headlight, a reverse light, or a blinker of the second vehicle is illuminated. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein the second vehicle is associated with a different direction of travel than the first vehicle. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein the second vehicle and the first vehicle are positioned at an angle within a designated offset of 90 degrees. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites wherein the second vehicle is positioned in either (i) a parking spot or a driveway on a same side of a road as the first vehicle or (ii) a parking spot or a driveway on an opposite side of a road as the first vehicle. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, the operations further comprising:
inputting, into a prediction component, an indication that a second vehicle proximate the first vehicle is predicted to enter a lane region in front of the first vehicle;
receiving, from the prediction component, a predicted trajectory associated with the second vehicle; and
determining the instruction further based at least in part on the predicted trajectory. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as claim 14 recites, wherein the instruction causes the first vehicle to at least one of decelerate or perform a lane change operation. | 3,700 |
344,239 | 16,803,725 | 2,844 | Provided is a polymer blend composition comprising linear low density polyethylene, a propylene polymer generally having rubber dispersed therein, and a combination of a propylene copolymer and an ethylene copolymer. In one embodiment, there is provided a polymer blend composition comprising 15 to 75 weight percent of a propylene polymer having from 10-60% crystallinity, 30-50 weight percent of a linear low density polyethylene, and a combination of the propylene copolymer and the ethylene copolymer comprising the remainder of the composition. | 1. A polymer blend composition comprising:
a) propylene polymer having from 10-60% crystallinity; b) a linear low density polyethylene; c) a propylene copolymer; and d) an ethylene copolymer. 2. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer blend composition comprises:
15-75 wt % of the propylene polymer a); 30-50 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene; and 5 to 20 wt % of components c) and d) combined. 3. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer blend composition comprises:
20 to 50 wt % of the propylene polymer a); 35 to 45 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene; and the combination of c) and d) comprises from 8 to 15 wt %. 4. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene comprises a butene comonomer. 5. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene polymer of a) comprises rubber dispersed in the polypropylene. 6. The polymer blend composition of claim 5, wherein the rubber is EP rubber. 7. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene has s density in the range of 0.915 to 0.920 g/cm3. 8. The polymer blend composition of claim 7, wherein the density of the linear low density polyethylene is in the range of from 0.916 to 0.918 g/cm3. 9. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene polymer a) has a density of 0.88 to 0.91 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 5 g/10 min. 10. The polymer blend composition of claim 9, wherein the propylene polymer a) exhibits a melt flow rate of 0.6 to 4.0 g/10 min. 11. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, comprising:
15-75 wt % of the propylene polymer a), which is a propylene polymer having rubber dispersed therein; 30-50 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene, which is a copolymer with butene; and the combination of c) and d) comprises from 5 to 20 wt %. 12. The polymer blend composition of claim 11, comprising:
20-50 wt % of the propylene polymer a); 35-45 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene; and the combination of c) and d) comprises from 8 to 15 wt %. 13. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene copolymer c) exhibits a melt flow rate of 1-25 g/10 min and has a density of 0.860-0.900 g/cm3. 14. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, where the ethylene copolymer d) exhibits a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 5 g/10 min and has a density of 0.860 to 0.915. 15. The polymer blend composition of claim 11, wherein the amount of polypropylene copolymer c) in the combination of c) and d) ranges from 30 to 70 wt % of the combination. 16. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene copolymer c) and the polyethylene copolymer d) have been prepared using a metallocene catalyst system. | Provided is a polymer blend composition comprising linear low density polyethylene, a propylene polymer generally having rubber dispersed therein, and a combination of a propylene copolymer and an ethylene copolymer. In one embodiment, there is provided a polymer blend composition comprising 15 to 75 weight percent of a propylene polymer having from 10-60% crystallinity, 30-50 weight percent of a linear low density polyethylene, and a combination of the propylene copolymer and the ethylene copolymer comprising the remainder of the composition.1. A polymer blend composition comprising:
a) propylene polymer having from 10-60% crystallinity; b) a linear low density polyethylene; c) a propylene copolymer; and d) an ethylene copolymer. 2. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer blend composition comprises:
15-75 wt % of the propylene polymer a); 30-50 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene; and 5 to 20 wt % of components c) and d) combined. 3. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer blend composition comprises:
20 to 50 wt % of the propylene polymer a); 35 to 45 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene; and the combination of c) and d) comprises from 8 to 15 wt %. 4. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene comprises a butene comonomer. 5. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene polymer of a) comprises rubber dispersed in the polypropylene. 6. The polymer blend composition of claim 5, wherein the rubber is EP rubber. 7. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene has s density in the range of 0.915 to 0.920 g/cm3. 8. The polymer blend composition of claim 7, wherein the density of the linear low density polyethylene is in the range of from 0.916 to 0.918 g/cm3. 9. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene polymer a) has a density of 0.88 to 0.91 g/cm3 and a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 5 g/10 min. 10. The polymer blend composition of claim 9, wherein the propylene polymer a) exhibits a melt flow rate of 0.6 to 4.0 g/10 min. 11. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, comprising:
15-75 wt % of the propylene polymer a), which is a propylene polymer having rubber dispersed therein; 30-50 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene, which is a copolymer with butene; and the combination of c) and d) comprises from 5 to 20 wt %. 12. The polymer blend composition of claim 11, comprising:
20-50 wt % of the propylene polymer a); 35-45 wt % of the linear low density polyethylene; and the combination of c) and d) comprises from 8 to 15 wt %. 13. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene copolymer c) exhibits a melt flow rate of 1-25 g/10 min and has a density of 0.860-0.900 g/cm3. 14. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, where the ethylene copolymer d) exhibits a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 5 g/10 min and has a density of 0.860 to 0.915. 15. The polymer blend composition of claim 11, wherein the amount of polypropylene copolymer c) in the combination of c) and d) ranges from 30 to 70 wt % of the combination. 16. The polymer blend composition of claim 1, wherein the propylene copolymer c) and the polyethylene copolymer d) have been prepared using a metallocene catalyst system. | 2,800 |
344,240 | 16,803,698 | 2,844 | A method, device and system for obtaining a local domain name are provided. A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request from a User Equipment (UE) is received, in which the request carries an option for indicating returning a domain name of a local domain where the UE is located; and the domain name of the local domain where the UE is located is obtained according to the DHCP request, and the domain name of the local domain where the UE is located is carried in a DHCP reply message to be returned to the UE. A device and system for obtaining a local domain name are also provided. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request associated with a user device, the DHCP request being addressed to a DHCP server, wherein the DHCP request comprises information indicating a request for a domain name of a non-home domain where the user device is currently located; updating, by the device, the DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to obtain an updated DHCP request; and sending, by the device, the updated DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to the DHCP server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a DHCP relay server. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user device is unaware of the domain name of the non-home domain. 5. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request, wherein the DHCP request includes information indicating sending, to User Equipment (UE), a domain name of a non-home domain where the UE is currently located; and in response to the DHCP request, sending, by the device, a DHCP reply to the UE, the DHCP reply includes the domain name of the non-home domain where the UE is currently located to the UE. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the DHCP request includes the domain name of the non-home domain where the UE is currently located. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain where the UE is currently located. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the device is a DHCP server. 9. A network device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request associated with a user device, the DHCP request being addressed to a DHCP server, wherein the DHCP request comprises information indicating a request for a domain name of a non-home domain where the user device is currently located;
update the DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to obtain an updated DHCP request; and
send the updated DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to the DHCP server. 10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the network device is a DHCP relay server. 11. The network device of claim 9, wherein the DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain. 12. A network device, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request associated with a user device, the DHCP request being addressed to a DHCP server, wherein the DHCP request comprises information indicating a request for a domain name of a non-home domain where the user device is currently located; a processor; a computer-readable storage medium storing a program to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions for:
updating the DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to obtain an updated DHCP request; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the updated DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to the DHCP server. 13. The network device of claim 12, wherein the network device is a DHCP relay server. 14. The network device of claim 12, wherein the DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain. 15. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request, wherein the DHCP request includes information indicating sending, to User Equipment (UE), a domain name of a visited domain where the UE is currently located; and
send, responsive to the DHCP request, a DHCP reply to the UE, wherein the DHCP reply includes the domain name of the visited domain where the UE is currently located. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is a DHCP server. | A method, device and system for obtaining a local domain name are provided. A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request from a User Equipment (UE) is received, in which the request carries an option for indicating returning a domain name of a local domain where the UE is located; and the domain name of the local domain where the UE is located is obtained according to the DHCP request, and the domain name of the local domain where the UE is located is carried in a DHCP reply message to be returned to the UE. A device and system for obtaining a local domain name are also provided.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request associated with a user device, the DHCP request being addressed to a DHCP server, wherein the DHCP request comprises information indicating a request for a domain name of a non-home domain where the user device is currently located; updating, by the device, the DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to obtain an updated DHCP request; and sending, by the device, the updated DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to the DHCP server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a DHCP relay server. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user device is unaware of the domain name of the non-home domain. 5. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request, wherein the DHCP request includes information indicating sending, to User Equipment (UE), a domain name of a non-home domain where the UE is currently located; and in response to the DHCP request, sending, by the device, a DHCP reply to the UE, the DHCP reply includes the domain name of the non-home domain where the UE is currently located to the UE. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the DHCP request includes the domain name of the non-home domain where the UE is currently located. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain where the UE is currently located. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the device is a DHCP server. 9. A network device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request associated with a user device, the DHCP request being addressed to a DHCP server, wherein the DHCP request comprises information indicating a request for a domain name of a non-home domain where the user device is currently located;
update the DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to obtain an updated DHCP request; and
send the updated DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to the DHCP server. 10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the network device is a DHCP relay server. 11. The network device of claim 9, wherein the DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain. 12. A network device, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request associated with a user device, the DHCP request being addressed to a DHCP server, wherein the DHCP request comprises information indicating a request for a domain name of a non-home domain where the user device is currently located; a processor; a computer-readable storage medium storing a program to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions for:
updating the DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to obtain an updated DHCP request; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the updated DHCP request with the domain name of the non-home domain to the DHCP server. 13. The network device of claim 12, wherein the network device is a DHCP relay server. 14. The network device of claim 12, wherein the DHCP request does not include the domain name of the non-home domain. 15. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request, wherein the DHCP request includes information indicating sending, to User Equipment (UE), a domain name of a visited domain where the UE is currently located; and
send, responsive to the DHCP request, a DHCP reply to the UE, wherein the DHCP reply includes the domain name of the visited domain where the UE is currently located. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is a DHCP server. | 2,800 |
344,241 | 16,803,689 | 2,844 | A system and method for data collection and frequency analysis with self-organization functionality includes analyzing with a processor a plurality of sensor inputs, sampling with the processor data received from at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs at a first frequency, and self-organizing with the processor a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs. | 1. A method comprising:
analyzing with a processor a plurality of sensor inputs; sampling with the processor data received from at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs at a first frequency; and self-organizing with the processor a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs, wherein the selection operation comprises:
receiving a signal relating to at least one condition of an industrial environment; and
based, at least in part, on the signal, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and sampling the data received from at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs at a second frequency,
wherein the selection operation further comprises identifying a target signal to be sensed, wherein the selection operation further comprises:
identifying other data collectors sensing in a same signal band as the target signal to be sensed; and
based on the identified other data collectors, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling
wherein the selection operation further comprises:
receiving data indicative of one or more environmental conditions near a target associated with the target signal;
comparing the received one or more environmental conditions of the target with past environmental conditions near the target or another target similar to the target; and
based, at least in part, on the comparison, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection operation further comprises:
identifying one or more non-target signals in a same frequency band as the target signal to be sensed; and 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection operation further comprises:
identifying a level of activity of a target associated with the target signal to be sensed; and based, at least in part, on the identified level of activity, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection operation further comprises transmitting at least a portion of the received sampling data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection. 6. A method for data collection in an industrial environment having self-organization functionality, comprising:
analyzing at a data collector a plurality of sensor inputs from one or more sensors, wherein at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs corresponds to a vibration sensor providing frequency data corresponding to a component of the industrial environment; sampling data received from the plurality of sensor inputs; receiving data indicative of at least one condition of the industrial environment in proximity to the component of the industrial environment; transmitting at least a portion of the received sampled data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection; receiving feedback via a network connection relating to a quality or sufficiency of the transmitted data; analyzing the received feedback, and based, at least in part, on the analysis of the received feedback, changing at least one of: the sensor inputs analyzed, the frequency of sampling, the data stored, and the data transmitted self-organizing at least one of: (i) a storage operation of the data; (ii) a collection operation of sensors that provide the 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors forms a part of the data collector. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is external to the data collector. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the vibration sensor is configured to sense at least one of: an operational mode, a fault
mode, or a health status of the component of the industrial environment. 11. A method for data collection in an industrial environment having self-organization functionality, comprising:
analyzing at a data collector a plurality of sensor inputs from one or more sensors; sampling data received from the sensor inputs; and self-organizing at least one of: (i) a storage operation of the data; (ii) a collection operation of sensors that provide the plurality of sensor inputs, and (iii) a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs, wherein the selection operation comprises: identifying a target signal to be sensed; receiving a signal relating to at least one condition of the industrial environment, based, at least in part, on the signal, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling; receiving data indicative of environmental conditions near a target associated with the target signal; transmitting at least a portion of the received sampling data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection; receiving feedback via a network connection relating to one or more yield metrics of the transmitted data; analyzing the received feedback, and based on the analysis of the received feedback, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed, the frequency of sampling, the data stored, and the data transmitted. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors forms a part of the data collector. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is external to the data collector. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of sensor inputs is configured to sense at least one of an operational mode, a fault mode and a health status of at least one target system. 16. A method for data collection in an industrial environment having self-organization functionality, comprising:
analyzing at a data collector a plurality of sensor inputs from one or more sensors; sampling data received from the sensor inputs; and self-organizing at least one of: (i) a storage operation of the data; (ii) a collection operation of sensors that provide the plurality of sensor inputs, and (iii) a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs, wherein the selection operation comprises:
identifying a target signal to be sensed,
receiving a signal relating to at least one condition of the industrial environment,
based, at least in part, on the signal, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the
sampling,
receiving data indicative of environmental conditions near a target associated with the target signal,
transmitting at least a portion of the received sampling data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection,
receiving feedback via a network connection relating to a quality or sufficiency of the transmitted data,
analyzing the received feedback, and
based, at least in part, on the analysis of the received feedback, executing a dimensionality reduction algorithm on the sensed data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the dimensionality reduction algorithm is one or more of a Decision Tree, a Random Forest, a Principal Component Analysis, a Factor Analysis, a Linear Discriminant Analysis, Identification based on correlation matrix, a Missing Values Ratio, a Low Variance Filter, a Random Projection, a Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, a Stacked Auto-encoder, a Chi-square or Information Gain, a Multidimensional Scaling, a Correspondence Analysis, a Factor Analysis, a Clustering, and a Bayesian Models. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the dimensionality reduction algorithm is performed at the data collector. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein executing the dimensionality reduction algorithm comprises sending the sensed data to a remote computing device. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors forms a part of the data collector. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is external to the data collector. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of sensor inputs is configured to sense at least one of an operational mode, a fault mode and a health status of at least one target system. | A system and method for data collection and frequency analysis with self-organization functionality includes analyzing with a processor a plurality of sensor inputs, sampling with the processor data received from at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs at a first frequency, and self-organizing with the processor a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs.1. A method comprising:
analyzing with a processor a plurality of sensor inputs; sampling with the processor data received from at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs at a first frequency; and self-organizing with the processor a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs, wherein the selection operation comprises:
receiving a signal relating to at least one condition of an industrial environment; and
based, at least in part, on the signal, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and sampling the data received from at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs at a second frequency,
wherein the selection operation further comprises identifying a target signal to be sensed, wherein the selection operation further comprises:
identifying other data collectors sensing in a same signal band as the target signal to be sensed; and
based on the identified other data collectors, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling
wherein the selection operation further comprises:
receiving data indicative of one or more environmental conditions near a target associated with the target signal;
comparing the received one or more environmental conditions of the target with past environmental conditions near the target or another target similar to the target; and
based, at least in part, on the comparison, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection operation further comprises:
identifying one or more non-target signals in a same frequency band as the target signal to be sensed; and 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection operation further comprises:
identifying a level of activity of a target associated with the target signal to be sensed; and based, at least in part, on the identified level of activity, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection operation further comprises transmitting at least a portion of the received sampling data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection. 6. A method for data collection in an industrial environment having self-organization functionality, comprising:
analyzing at a data collector a plurality of sensor inputs from one or more sensors, wherein at least one of the plurality of sensor inputs corresponds to a vibration sensor providing frequency data corresponding to a component of the industrial environment; sampling data received from the plurality of sensor inputs; receiving data indicative of at least one condition of the industrial environment in proximity to the component of the industrial environment; transmitting at least a portion of the received sampled data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection; receiving feedback via a network connection relating to a quality or sufficiency of the transmitted data; analyzing the received feedback, and based, at least in part, on the analysis of the received feedback, changing at least one of: the sensor inputs analyzed, the frequency of sampling, the data stored, and the data transmitted self-organizing at least one of: (i) a storage operation of the data; (ii) a collection operation of sensors that provide the 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors forms a part of the data collector. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is external to the data collector. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the vibration sensor is configured to sense at least one of: an operational mode, a fault
mode, or a health status of the component of the industrial environment. 11. A method for data collection in an industrial environment having self-organization functionality, comprising:
analyzing at a data collector a plurality of sensor inputs from one or more sensors; sampling data received from the sensor inputs; and self-organizing at least one of: (i) a storage operation of the data; (ii) a collection operation of sensors that provide the plurality of sensor inputs, and (iii) a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs, wherein the selection operation comprises: identifying a target signal to be sensed; receiving a signal relating to at least one condition of the industrial environment, based, at least in part, on the signal, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the sampling; receiving data indicative of environmental conditions near a target associated with the target signal; transmitting at least a portion of the received sampling data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection; receiving feedback via a network connection relating to one or more yield metrics of the transmitted data; analyzing the received feedback, and based on the analysis of the received feedback, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed, the frequency of sampling, the data stored, and the data transmitted. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors forms a part of the data collector. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is external to the data collector. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of sensor inputs is configured to sense at least one of an operational mode, a fault mode and a health status of at least one target system. 16. A method for data collection in an industrial environment having self-organization functionality, comprising:
analyzing at a data collector a plurality of sensor inputs from one or more sensors; sampling data received from the sensor inputs; and self-organizing at least one of: (i) a storage operation of the data; (ii) a collection operation of sensors that provide the plurality of sensor inputs, and (iii) a selection operation of the plurality of sensor inputs, wherein the selection operation comprises:
identifying a target signal to be sensed,
receiving a signal relating to at least one condition of the industrial environment,
based, at least in part, on the signal, changing at least one of the sensor inputs analyzed and a frequency of the
sampling,
receiving data indicative of environmental conditions near a target associated with the target signal,
transmitting at least a portion of the received sampling data to another data collector according to a predetermined hierarchy of data collection,
receiving feedback via a network connection relating to a quality or sufficiency of the transmitted data,
analyzing the received feedback, and
based, at least in part, on the analysis of the received feedback, executing a dimensionality reduction algorithm on the sensed data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the dimensionality reduction algorithm is one or more of a Decision Tree, a Random Forest, a Principal Component Analysis, a Factor Analysis, a Linear Discriminant Analysis, Identification based on correlation matrix, a Missing Values Ratio, a Low Variance Filter, a Random Projection, a Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, a Stacked Auto-encoder, a Chi-square or Information Gain, a Multidimensional Scaling, a Correspondence Analysis, a Factor Analysis, a Clustering, and a Bayesian Models. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the dimensionality reduction algorithm is performed at the data collector. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein executing the dimensionality reduction algorithm comprises sending the sensed data to a remote computing device. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one condition of the industrial environment is a signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled data. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors forms a part of the data collector. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is external to the data collector. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of sensor inputs is configured to sense at least one of an operational mode, a fault mode and a health status of at least one target system. | 2,800 |
344,242 | 16,803,754 | 3,685 | A system, method, and crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features aids to reduce the anonymity and potential illegal or other undesirable behavior during the use of the wallet. The system requires the user to enter information about themselves, verifies this information, screens the user against disallowed lists, and risk rates the user before the wallet is allowed to be activated. During a crypto asset transaction, the system verifies that both wallets in the transaction have similar security and user verification standards. The wallet can be linked to a financial institution. The wallet, through the system, has ongoing verification, security, and screening standards during the use and life of the wallet. | 1. A system and method for utilizing a crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features for verifying an identity of at least one user comprising:
a) at least four electronic devices, wherein each electronic device comprises a CPU, a RAM and/or a persistent storage device, a network interface, the RAM and/or the persistent storage device and the network interface operably connected to the CPU; b) a set of software instructions for the crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features on a sender's wallet electronic device and a second set of software instructions on a wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the sender's wallet electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices and the wallet service provider electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices, and further wherein the sender's wallet electronic device has at least one input device and at least one display device, further wherein the set of software instructions on the sender's wallet electronic device including the sender's wallet; c) entering at least one piece of user information though the at least one input device on the sender's wallet electronic device and sending this information to the wallet service provider electronic device; d) validating an identity of the at least one user through the at least one piece of user information, wherein the validation can be performed by the wallet service provider electronic device or a verification service electronic device, further wherein the verification service electronic device has a third set of software instructions, further wherein the verification service electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices, and further wherein the at least one piece of user information that has been validated is at least one piece of validated user information; e) screening the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information and the screening is performed by a screening service electronic device, wherein the screening service electronic device has a fourth set of software instructions, and further wherein the screening service electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices; and f) risk rating the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information, wherein the risk rating is performed by the wallet service provider electronic device. 2. The system and method of claim 1 further comprising:
a) the sender's wallet electronic device having a camera to photograph the at least one individual human establishing the sender's wallet before the wallet service provider electronic device activates the sender's wallet, further wherein the sender's wallet sending the photograph to the wallet service provider electronic device;
b) the sender's wallet electronic device having a camera or scanning device to upload at least one photograph identification card to the wallet service provider electronic device as at least one piece of the at least one piece of validated user information; and
c) the wallet service provider electronic device software causing the wallet service provider electronic device to perform the following actions:
i. comparing the photograph taken by the camera on the sender's wallet electronic device with a photograph on the photograph identification card to verify the identity of the at least one individual human, wherein if the identity of the at least one individual human is verified, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet and if the identity of the at least one individual human is not verified, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet. 3. The system and method of claim 1 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device cooperating with the verification service electronic device to verify the identity of the at least one individual human before the wallet service provider electronic device activates the sender's wallet by sending the at least one piece of validated user information to the verification service electronic device, wherein the verification service electronic device, though at least one verification service database, compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one piece of user information available to the verification service electronic device, through the at least one verification service database, regarding the at least one individual human, further wherein if the verification service electronic device can verify the identity of the at least one individual human through the comparison, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet, and if the verification service electronic device cannot verify the identity of the at least one individual human through the comparison, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet. 4. The system and method of claim 2 further comprising:
a) the screening service electronic device compares, prior to activation of the sender's wallet, the at least one piece of validated user information, that is sent to it by the wallet service provider electronic device, to at least one disallowed list contained on at least one screening service database, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet, and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet. 5. The system and method of claim 3 further comprising:
a) the screening service electronic device compares, prior to activation of the sender's wallet, the at least one piece of validated user information, that is sent to it by the wallet service provider electronic device, to at least one disallowed list contained on at least one screening service database, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet, and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet. 6. The system and method of claim 4 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device verifying that the at least one human who has opened the sender's wallet is the at least one individual human that created the sender's wallet each time the sender's wallet is opened;
b) creating a sender's public address through the sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet and both addresses being sent to the wallet service provider electronic device by the respective wallets, wherein the receiver's wallet is included in a set of software instructions stored on a receiver's wallet electronic device which is one of the at least four electronic devices;
c) a sender of a transaction entering the details of the transaction through the sender's wallet; and
d) the wallet service provider electronic device sending information to a wallet validation service electronic device to establish that at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet has been met, wherein if the at least one security standard has been met, the wallet service provider electronic device allows the crypto asset transaction to occur, and further wherein if the at least one security standard has not been met, the wallet service provider electronic device cancels the crypto asset transaction. 7. The system and method of claim 5 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device verifying that the at least one human who has opened the sender's wallet is the at least one individual human that created the sender's wallet each time the sender's wallet is opened;
b) creating a sender's public address through a sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet and the sender's public address and the receiver's public address being sent to the wallet service provider electronic device via the respective wallets, wherein the receiver's wallet is included in a set of software instructions stored on a receiver's wallet electronic device which is one of the at least four electronic devices;
c) a sender of a transaction entering the details of the transaction through the sender's wallet; and
d) the wallet service provider electronic device sending information to a wallet validation service electronic device to establish that at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet has been met, wherein if the at least one security standard has been met, the wallet service provider electronic device allows the crypto asset transaction to occur, and further wherein if the at least one security standard has not been met, the wallet service provider electronic device cancels the crypto asset transaction. 8. The system and method of claim 6 further comprising:
a) the sender's or receiver's wallet being linked to a financial institution electronic device by a link provided by the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the financial institution electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet and communicating this information to the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the financial institution electronic device by the wallet service provider electronic device;
c) the wallet service provider electronic device sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the financial institution electronic device, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution electronic device along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) the financial institution electronic device organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
a) the sender's or the receiver's wallet being linked to a financial institution electronic device by a link provided by the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the financial institution electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet and sending the unique wallet reference key identification to the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the financial institution electronic device by the wallet service provider electronic device;
c) the wallet service provider electronic device sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the financial institution electronic device, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution electronic device along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) the financial institution electronic device organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 10. The system and method of claim 1 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device sending an internet protocol address of a sender's wallet electronic device on which the wallet is opened to the screening service electronic device, wherein if the internet protocol address is identified by the screening service electronic device, through at least one screening service database, as originating from at least one disallowed location, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the wallet until the internet protocol address on which the sender's wallet electronic device is opened is determined by the screening service electronic device to originate from a location that is not at least one disallowed location. 11. A method of using a crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features for verifying an identity of at least one user comprising:
a) creating a crypto asset wallet; b) entering at least one piece of user information; c) a wallet validation service or a wallet service provider validating an identity of the at least one user through the at least one piece of user information, wherein the at least one piece of user information that has been validated is at least one piece of validated user information; d) a screening service screening the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information; and e) the wallet service provider risk rating the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
a) creating either a personal or a commercial wallet, wherein the at least one user of the personal wallet is at least one identifiable individual and the at least one user of the commercial wallet is at least one entity and at least one signatory user;
b) providing, through the wallet to the wallet service provider, at least one photograph identification card as the at least one piece of validated user information;
c) the wallet photographing the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user establishing the wallet before the wallet is activated through a camera on an electronic device and sending the photograph to the wallet service provider; and
d) the wallet service provider comparing the photograph taken by the camera on the electronic device with a photograph on the photograph identification card to verify the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, wherein if the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user is verified, the wallet is not deactivated and if the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user is not verified, the wallet is deactivated. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
a) creating either a personal or a commercial wallet, wherein the at least one user of the personal wallet is at least one identifiable individual and the at least one user of the commercial wallet is at least one entity and at least one signatory user; and
b) the wallet service provider verifying the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user before the wallet is activated by sending the at least one piece of validated user information to a third party verification service, wherein the third party verification service compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one piece of user information the third party verification service has on file or has access to regarding the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, further wherein if the third party verification service can verify the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user through the comparison, the wallet is not deactivated and if the third party verification service cannot verify the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user through the comparison, the wallet is deactivated. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
a) using a screening service to screen the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, wherein the screening service compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one disallowed list, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is deactivated, and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is not deactivated. 15. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
a) using a screening service to screen the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, wherein the screening service compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one disallowed list, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is deactivated and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is not deactivated. 16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
a) opening the wallet once it has been activated;
b) the wallet service provider verifying that the at least one user who has opened the wallet is the at least one identifiable individual user that created the wallet or is the at least one signatory user of the commercial wallet;
c) creating a sender's public address through a sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet;
d) entering the details of a transaction through the sender's wallet;
e) establishing at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet;
f) a wallet validation service verifying that both the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet meet the at least one security standard; and
g) completing the crypto asset transaction. 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
a) opening the wallet once it has been activated;
b) the wallet service provider verifying that the at least one user who has opened the wallet is the at least one identifiable individual user that created the wallet or is the at least one signatory user of the commercial wallet;
c) creating a sender's public address through a sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet;
d) entering the details of a transaction through the sender's wallet;
e) establishing at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet;
f) a wallet validation service verifying that both the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet meet the at least one security standard; and
g) completing the crypto asset transaction. 18. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
a) linking the sender's or the receiver's wallet to a financial institution through a financial institution interface;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution;
c) sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the financial institution through the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
a) linking the sender's or the receiver's wallet to a financial institution through a financial institution interface;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution;
c) sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the financial institution through the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 20. A crypto asset wallet comprising:
a) a wallet, wherein at least one user is able to access the wallet through at least one login credential; b) the wallet having a send and a receive function, wherein the wallet is able to send and receive at least one crypto asset; and c) the wallet having a deactivation function, wherein the wallet can be deactivated by a wallet service provider based on input from the wallet or from at least one third party service, further wherein once the wallet is deactivated, it cannot be used to send or receive the at least one crypto asset. 21. The crypto asset wallet of claim 20 further comprising:
a) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one user identification function, wherein the identification of at least one user is verified before the wallet is activated;
b) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one user screening feature, wherein the identity of the at least one user is screened against at least one disallowed list, and further wherein if the identity of the at least one user matches at least one identity of the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is deactivated;
c) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one internet protocol address screening feature, wherein at least one internet protocol address on an electronic device used to open the wallet is screened, wherein if the at least one internet protocol address is associated with at least one disallowed location, the wallet is deactivated; and
d) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one wallet validation feature, wherein at least one sender's wallet and at least one receiver's wallet are validated for at least one wallet requirement, wherein if either the at least one sender's wallet or the at least one receiver's wallet do not meet the at least one wallet requirement, a crypto asset transaction fails. 22. The crypto asset wallet of claim 21 further comprising:
a) the sender's or the receiver's wallet having at least one financial institution linking function, wherein the sender's or the receiver's wallet is able to link to a user account at a financial institution, through a wallet service provider, further wherein the sender's or the receiver's wallet is only able link to one financial institution at a time and if it is desired to link to a second financial institution with the same wallet, the link to the first financial institution must be deactivated; and
b) the sender's or the receiver's wallet being able to create a wallet reference key identification, wherein the sender's or the receiver's wallet sends the wallet reference key identification and at least one piece of wallet information to the wallet service provider then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution without any identifiable user information. 23. The crypto asset wallet of claim 22 further comprising:
a) the sender's or the receiver's wallet, through the wallet service provider, accepting at least one photograph identification card as one of at least one piece of user information, wherein the wallet service provider validates the identity of the at least one user establishing the wallet through at least one photograph of the at least one user taken with a camera of the electronic device and comparing the at least one photograph from the camera of the electronic device with a photograph on the at least one photograph identification card, further wherein if the two photographs do not match, the wallet is deactivated. | A system, method, and crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features aids to reduce the anonymity and potential illegal or other undesirable behavior during the use of the wallet. The system requires the user to enter information about themselves, verifies this information, screens the user against disallowed lists, and risk rates the user before the wallet is allowed to be activated. During a crypto asset transaction, the system verifies that both wallets in the transaction have similar security and user verification standards. The wallet can be linked to a financial institution. The wallet, through the system, has ongoing verification, security, and screening standards during the use and life of the wallet.1. A system and method for utilizing a crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features for verifying an identity of at least one user comprising:
a) at least four electronic devices, wherein each electronic device comprises a CPU, a RAM and/or a persistent storage device, a network interface, the RAM and/or the persistent storage device and the network interface operably connected to the CPU; b) a set of software instructions for the crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features on a sender's wallet electronic device and a second set of software instructions on a wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the sender's wallet electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices and the wallet service provider electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices, and further wherein the sender's wallet electronic device has at least one input device and at least one display device, further wherein the set of software instructions on the sender's wallet electronic device including the sender's wallet; c) entering at least one piece of user information though the at least one input device on the sender's wallet electronic device and sending this information to the wallet service provider electronic device; d) validating an identity of the at least one user through the at least one piece of user information, wherein the validation can be performed by the wallet service provider electronic device or a verification service electronic device, further wherein the verification service electronic device has a third set of software instructions, further wherein the verification service electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices, and further wherein the at least one piece of user information that has been validated is at least one piece of validated user information; e) screening the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information and the screening is performed by a screening service electronic device, wherein the screening service electronic device has a fourth set of software instructions, and further wherein the screening service electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices; and f) risk rating the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information, wherein the risk rating is performed by the wallet service provider electronic device. 2. The system and method of claim 1 further comprising:
a) the sender's wallet electronic device having a camera to photograph the at least one individual human establishing the sender's wallet before the wallet service provider electronic device activates the sender's wallet, further wherein the sender's wallet sending the photograph to the wallet service provider electronic device;
b) the sender's wallet electronic device having a camera or scanning device to upload at least one photograph identification card to the wallet service provider electronic device as at least one piece of the at least one piece of validated user information; and
c) the wallet service provider electronic device software causing the wallet service provider electronic device to perform the following actions:
i. comparing the photograph taken by the camera on the sender's wallet electronic device with a photograph on the photograph identification card to verify the identity of the at least one individual human, wherein if the identity of the at least one individual human is verified, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet and if the identity of the at least one individual human is not verified, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet. 3. The system and method of claim 1 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device cooperating with the verification service electronic device to verify the identity of the at least one individual human before the wallet service provider electronic device activates the sender's wallet by sending the at least one piece of validated user information to the verification service electronic device, wherein the verification service electronic device, though at least one verification service database, compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one piece of user information available to the verification service electronic device, through the at least one verification service database, regarding the at least one individual human, further wherein if the verification service electronic device can verify the identity of the at least one individual human through the comparison, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet, and if the verification service electronic device cannot verify the identity of the at least one individual human through the comparison, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet. 4. The system and method of claim 2 further comprising:
a) the screening service electronic device compares, prior to activation of the sender's wallet, the at least one piece of validated user information, that is sent to it by the wallet service provider electronic device, to at least one disallowed list contained on at least one screening service database, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet, and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet. 5. The system and method of claim 3 further comprising:
a) the screening service electronic device compares, prior to activation of the sender's wallet, the at least one piece of validated user information, that is sent to it by the wallet service provider electronic device, to at least one disallowed list contained on at least one screening service database, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the sender's wallet, and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet service provider electronic device does not deactivate the sender's wallet. 6. The system and method of claim 4 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device verifying that the at least one human who has opened the sender's wallet is the at least one individual human that created the sender's wallet each time the sender's wallet is opened;
b) creating a sender's public address through the sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet and both addresses being sent to the wallet service provider electronic device by the respective wallets, wherein the receiver's wallet is included in a set of software instructions stored on a receiver's wallet electronic device which is one of the at least four electronic devices;
c) a sender of a transaction entering the details of the transaction through the sender's wallet; and
d) the wallet service provider electronic device sending information to a wallet validation service electronic device to establish that at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet has been met, wherein if the at least one security standard has been met, the wallet service provider electronic device allows the crypto asset transaction to occur, and further wherein if the at least one security standard has not been met, the wallet service provider electronic device cancels the crypto asset transaction. 7. The system and method of claim 5 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device verifying that the at least one human who has opened the sender's wallet is the at least one individual human that created the sender's wallet each time the sender's wallet is opened;
b) creating a sender's public address through a sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet and the sender's public address and the receiver's public address being sent to the wallet service provider electronic device via the respective wallets, wherein the receiver's wallet is included in a set of software instructions stored on a receiver's wallet electronic device which is one of the at least four electronic devices;
c) a sender of a transaction entering the details of the transaction through the sender's wallet; and
d) the wallet service provider electronic device sending information to a wallet validation service electronic device to establish that at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet has been met, wherein if the at least one security standard has been met, the wallet service provider electronic device allows the crypto asset transaction to occur, and further wherein if the at least one security standard has not been met, the wallet service provider electronic device cancels the crypto asset transaction. 8. The system and method of claim 6 further comprising:
a) the sender's or receiver's wallet being linked to a financial institution electronic device by a link provided by the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the financial institution electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet and communicating this information to the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the financial institution electronic device by the wallet service provider electronic device;
c) the wallet service provider electronic device sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the financial institution electronic device, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution electronic device along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) the financial institution electronic device organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
a) the sender's or the receiver's wallet being linked to a financial institution electronic device by a link provided by the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the financial institution electronic device is one of the at least four electronic devices;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet and sending the unique wallet reference key identification to the wallet service provider electronic device, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the financial institution electronic device by the wallet service provider electronic device;
c) the wallet service provider electronic device sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the financial institution electronic device, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution electronic device along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) the financial institution electronic device organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 10. The system and method of claim 1 further comprising:
a) the wallet service provider electronic device sending an internet protocol address of a sender's wallet electronic device on which the wallet is opened to the screening service electronic device, wherein if the internet protocol address is identified by the screening service electronic device, through at least one screening service database, as originating from at least one disallowed location, the wallet service provider electronic device deactivates the wallet until the internet protocol address on which the sender's wallet electronic device is opened is determined by the screening service electronic device to originate from a location that is not at least one disallowed location. 11. A method of using a crypto asset wallet with enhanced security features for verifying an identity of at least one user comprising:
a) creating a crypto asset wallet; b) entering at least one piece of user information; c) a wallet validation service or a wallet service provider validating an identity of the at least one user through the at least one piece of user information, wherein the at least one piece of user information that has been validated is at least one piece of validated user information; d) a screening service screening the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information; and e) the wallet service provider risk rating the at least one user based on the at least one piece of validated user information. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
a) creating either a personal or a commercial wallet, wherein the at least one user of the personal wallet is at least one identifiable individual and the at least one user of the commercial wallet is at least one entity and at least one signatory user;
b) providing, through the wallet to the wallet service provider, at least one photograph identification card as the at least one piece of validated user information;
c) the wallet photographing the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user establishing the wallet before the wallet is activated through a camera on an electronic device and sending the photograph to the wallet service provider; and
d) the wallet service provider comparing the photograph taken by the camera on the electronic device with a photograph on the photograph identification card to verify the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, wherein if the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user is verified, the wallet is not deactivated and if the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user is not verified, the wallet is deactivated. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
a) creating either a personal or a commercial wallet, wherein the at least one user of the personal wallet is at least one identifiable individual and the at least one user of the commercial wallet is at least one entity and at least one signatory user; and
b) the wallet service provider verifying the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user before the wallet is activated by sending the at least one piece of validated user information to a third party verification service, wherein the third party verification service compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one piece of user information the third party verification service has on file or has access to regarding the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, further wherein if the third party verification service can verify the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user through the comparison, the wallet is not deactivated and if the third party verification service cannot verify the identity of the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user through the comparison, the wallet is deactivated. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
a) using a screening service to screen the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, wherein the screening service compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one disallowed list, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is deactivated, and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is not deactivated. 15. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
a) using a screening service to screen the at least one identifiable individual user or the at least one signatory user, wherein the screening service compares the at least one piece of validated user information to at least one disallowed list, further wherein if the at least one piece of validated user information matches at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is deactivated and if the at least one piece of validated user information does not match at least one identity on the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is not deactivated. 16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
a) opening the wallet once it has been activated;
b) the wallet service provider verifying that the at least one user who has opened the wallet is the at least one identifiable individual user that created the wallet or is the at least one signatory user of the commercial wallet;
c) creating a sender's public address through a sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet;
d) entering the details of a transaction through the sender's wallet;
e) establishing at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet;
f) a wallet validation service verifying that both the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet meet the at least one security standard; and
g) completing the crypto asset transaction. 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
a) opening the wallet once it has been activated;
b) the wallet service provider verifying that the at least one user who has opened the wallet is the at least one identifiable individual user that created the wallet or is the at least one signatory user of the commercial wallet;
c) creating a sender's public address through a sender's wallet and creating a receiver's public address through a receiver's wallet;
d) entering the details of a transaction through the sender's wallet;
e) establishing at least one security standard for the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet;
f) a wallet validation service verifying that both the sender's wallet and the receiver's wallet meet the at least one security standard; and
g) completing the crypto asset transaction. 18. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
a) linking the sender's or the receiver's wallet to a financial institution through a financial institution interface;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution;
c) sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the financial institution through the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
a) linking the sender's or the receiver's wallet to a financial institution through a financial institution interface;
b) generating a unique wallet reference key identification through the sender's or the receiver's wallet, wherein the unique wallet reference key identification and the at least one piece of validated user information are communicated to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution;
c) sending all the public addresses generated by the sender's or the receiver's wallet to the wallet service provider and then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution, wherein the public addresses are sent to the financial institution along with the unique wallet reference key identification; and
d) organizing the activity of the sender's or the receiver's wallet by the financial institution through the unique wallet reference key identification and the public addresses. 20. A crypto asset wallet comprising:
a) a wallet, wherein at least one user is able to access the wallet through at least one login credential; b) the wallet having a send and a receive function, wherein the wallet is able to send and receive at least one crypto asset; and c) the wallet having a deactivation function, wherein the wallet can be deactivated by a wallet service provider based on input from the wallet or from at least one third party service, further wherein once the wallet is deactivated, it cannot be used to send or receive the at least one crypto asset. 21. The crypto asset wallet of claim 20 further comprising:
a) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one user identification function, wherein the identification of at least one user is verified before the wallet is activated;
b) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one user screening feature, wherein the identity of the at least one user is screened against at least one disallowed list, and further wherein if the identity of the at least one user matches at least one identity of the at least one disallowed list, the wallet is deactivated;
c) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one internet protocol address screening feature, wherein at least one internet protocol address on an electronic device used to open the wallet is screened, wherein if the at least one internet protocol address is associated with at least one disallowed location, the wallet is deactivated; and
d) the wallet, through the wallet service provider, having at least one wallet validation feature, wherein at least one sender's wallet and at least one receiver's wallet are validated for at least one wallet requirement, wherein if either the at least one sender's wallet or the at least one receiver's wallet do not meet the at least one wallet requirement, a crypto asset transaction fails. 22. The crypto asset wallet of claim 21 further comprising:
a) the sender's or the receiver's wallet having at least one financial institution linking function, wherein the sender's or the receiver's wallet is able to link to a user account at a financial institution, through a wallet service provider, further wherein the sender's or the receiver's wallet is only able link to one financial institution at a time and if it is desired to link to a second financial institution with the same wallet, the link to the first financial institution must be deactivated; and
b) the sender's or the receiver's wallet being able to create a wallet reference key identification, wherein the sender's or the receiver's wallet sends the wallet reference key identification and at least one piece of wallet information to the wallet service provider then, through the wallet service provider, to the financial institution without any identifiable user information. 23. The crypto asset wallet of claim 22 further comprising:
a) the sender's or the receiver's wallet, through the wallet service provider, accepting at least one photograph identification card as one of at least one piece of user information, wherein the wallet service provider validates the identity of the at least one user establishing the wallet through at least one photograph of the at least one user taken with a camera of the electronic device and comparing the at least one photograph from the camera of the electronic device with a photograph on the at least one photograph identification card, further wherein if the two photographs do not match, the wallet is deactivated. | 3,600 |
344,243 | 16,803,690 | 3,685 | The present application relates to a variant Fc region comprising at least one modification relative to a wild-type human Fc region, where the modification selected from the group consisting of 434S, 252Y/428L, 252Y/434S, and 428L/434S, and the numbering is according to the EU index. | 1.-7. (canceled) 8. In a method of treating a patient by administering an anti-C5 antibody with an Fc domain, the improvement comprising said Fc domain comprising amino acid substitutions M428L/N434S as compared to a human Fc polypeptide, wherein numbering is according to the EU index in Kabat et al., wherein said anti-C5 antibody with said amino acid substitutions has increased in vivo half-life as compared to said antibody without said substitutions. | The present application relates to a variant Fc region comprising at least one modification relative to a wild-type human Fc region, where the modification selected from the group consisting of 434S, 252Y/428L, 252Y/434S, and 428L/434S, and the numbering is according to the EU index.1.-7. (canceled) 8. In a method of treating a patient by administering an anti-C5 antibody with an Fc domain, the improvement comprising said Fc domain comprising amino acid substitutions M428L/N434S as compared to a human Fc polypeptide, wherein numbering is according to the EU index in Kabat et al., wherein said anti-C5 antibody with said amino acid substitutions has increased in vivo half-life as compared to said antibody without said substitutions. | 3,600 |
344,244 | 16,803,718 | 3,685 | Provided are methods and systems for performing a secure machine learning analysis over an instance of data. An example method includes acquiring, by a client, an homomorphic encryption scheme, and at least one machine learning model data structure. The method further includes generating, using the encryption scheme, at least one homomorphically encrypted data structure, and sending the encrypted data structure to at least one server. The method includes executing a machine learning model, by the at least one server based on the encrypted data structure to obtain an encrypted result. The method further includes sending, by the server, the encrypted result to the client where the encrypted result is decrypted. The machine learning model includes neural networks and decision trees. | 1. A method for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a fully homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted result; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted result to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted result using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fully homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure is generated based on a trained machine learning model. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the at least one feature vector has a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decision depth. 10. A system for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least processor perform a method comprising:
receiving, from a client, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme;
extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data;
evaluating, by at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and
sending the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the client is configured with at least one machine learning data structure based on training a machine learning model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the feature vectors have a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decisions depth. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one feature vector consist of binary values. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, perform steps of a method, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance with a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. | Provided are methods and systems for performing a secure machine learning analysis over an instance of data. An example method includes acquiring, by a client, an homomorphic encryption scheme, and at least one machine learning model data structure. The method further includes generating, using the encryption scheme, at least one homomorphically encrypted data structure, and sending the encrypted data structure to at least one server. The method includes executing a machine learning model, by the at least one server based on the encrypted data structure to obtain an encrypted result. The method further includes sending, by the server, the encrypted result to the client where the encrypted result is decrypted. The machine learning model includes neural networks and decision trees.1. A method for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a fully homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted result; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted result to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted result using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fully homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure is generated based on a trained machine learning model. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the at least one feature vector has a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decision depth. 10. A system for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least processor perform a method comprising:
receiving, from a client, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme;
extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data;
evaluating, by at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and
sending the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the client is configured with at least one machine learning data structure based on training a machine learning model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the feature vectors have a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decisions depth. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one feature vector consist of binary values. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, perform steps of a method, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance with a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. | 3,600 |
344,245 | 16,803,737 | 2,179 | Provided are methods and systems for performing a secure machine learning analysis over an instance of data. An example method includes acquiring, by a client, an homomorphic encryption scheme, and at least one machine learning model data structure. The method further includes generating, using the encryption scheme, at least one homomorphically encrypted data structure, and sending the encrypted data structure to at least one server. The method includes executing a machine learning model, by the at least one server based on the encrypted data structure to obtain an encrypted result. The method further includes sending, by the server, the encrypted result to the client where the encrypted result is decrypted. The machine learning model includes neural networks and decision trees. | 1. A method for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a fully homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted result; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted result to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted result using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fully homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure is generated based on a trained machine learning model. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the at least one feature vector has a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decision depth. 10. A system for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least processor perform a method comprising:
receiving, from a client, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme;
extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data;
evaluating, by at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and
sending the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the client is configured with at least one machine learning data structure based on training a machine learning model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the feature vectors have a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decisions depth. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one feature vector consist of binary values. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, perform steps of a method, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance with a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. | Provided are methods and systems for performing a secure machine learning analysis over an instance of data. An example method includes acquiring, by a client, an homomorphic encryption scheme, and at least one machine learning model data structure. The method further includes generating, using the encryption scheme, at least one homomorphically encrypted data structure, and sending the encrypted data structure to at least one server. The method includes executing a machine learning model, by the at least one server based on the encrypted data structure to obtain an encrypted result. The method further includes sending, by the server, the encrypted result to the client where the encrypted result is decrypted. The machine learning model includes neural networks and decision trees.1. A method for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a fully homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted result; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted result to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted result using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fully homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure is generated based on a trained machine learning model. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the at least one feature vector has a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decision depth. 10. A system for performing a secure machine learning analysis using homomorphic encryption, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least processor perform a method comprising:
receiving, from a client, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme;
extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data;
evaluating, by at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance utilizing a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and
sending the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the homomorphic encryption scheme includes at least one of a Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren and a Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song cryptosystem. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the client is configured with at least one machine learning data structure based on training a machine learning model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a neural network. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes neural network weights associated with the neural network. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a decision tree. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one machine learning data structure includes at least one feature vector. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the decision tree has a decision depth, wherein the feature vectors have a feature depth, and wherein the feature depth is greater than the decisions depth. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one feature vector consist of binary values. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, perform steps of a method, the method comprising:
receiving, from a client, by at least one server, at least one machine learning data structure, the at least one machine learning data structure being encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme; extracting, by the at least one server, an instance of data; evaluating, by the at least one server, the at least one machine learning data structure over the instance with a trained machine learning model to obtain at least one encrypted results; and sending, by the at least one server, the at least one encrypted results to the client, wherein the client is configured to decrypt the at least one encrypted results using the homomorphic encryption scheme. | 2,100 |
344,246 | 16,803,719 | 2,179 | Methods for identifying premature infants at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or most likely to benefit from administration of inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods for treating premature infants identified as at risk and/or likely to benefit are provided. also provided are methods for identifying premature infants that are not at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or unlikely to benefit from administration of inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and methods for avoiding risks of toxicity and undesirable side effects associated with inhaled nitric oxide therapy comprising administering only non-iNO treatment modalities to these infants. | 1. A method for identifying a premature infant that is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide comprising:
a) prior to initiation of inhaled nitric oxide therapy, exposing the infant to ambient or nitric oxide free air, such that the infant inhales the air; b) obtaining a sample of the air upon exhalation; c) measuring a concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air; and d) determining whether the measured concentration of nitric oxide is less than 1 ppb, wherein a concentration of less than about 1.5 ppb indicates that the infant is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured concentration of nitric oxide is 0.5-1.5 ppb. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured concentration of nitric oxide is 1 ppb or less. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the concentration of nitric oxide is measured between birth and the third day after birth. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising treating the infant with inhaled nitric oxide to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia when the measured concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air is less than about 1.5 ppb. 6. A method for identifying a premature infant that is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide comprising:
a) obtaining a blood or tissue sample from the infant prior to initiation of inhaled nitric oxide therapy; b) analyzing the blood or tissue sample for presence of a genetic mutation in a gene encoding a nitric oxide synthase that results in decreased endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide; c) determining whether the genetic mutation is present or absent, wherein presence of the genetic mutation indicates that the infant is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the genetic mutation is T-786C or G894T in the eNOS gene. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the blood or tissue sample is analyzed using single nucleotide polymorphism analysis or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising treating the infant with inhaled nitric oxide to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia when the genetic mutation is present. 10. A method of avoiding risks associated with administration of inhaled nitric oxide to premature infants at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia comprising:
a) testing the infant for one or more of
(i) a plasma total concentration of nitrate and nitrite;
(ii) a concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled ambient or nitric oxide-free air; and
(iii) presence of a genetic mutation in a gene encoding nitric oxide synthase that results in decrease endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide;
b) determining whether the total concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the plasma is at least about 50 μM, whether the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air is about 2.5 ppb or higher and/or whether no genetic mutation in a gene encoding nitric oxide synthase that reduces endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide is present; c) treating the infant only with non-inhaled nitric oxide modalities to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia if the total concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the plasma is at least about 50 μM, the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air is about 2.5 ppb or higher, and/or the genetic mutation is not present. 11. A method for treating a premature infant at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the method comprising:
administering a dose of inhaled nitric oxide, wherein the infant has a total concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the plasma that is less than about 50 μM, a concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air that is less than about 1.5 ppb and/or a genetic mutation in a gene encoding nitric oxide synthase that results in decrease endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising decreasing dosages of inhaled nitric oxide. 13. The use of claim 12, comprising an initial dose of nitric oxide of 20 ppm for 48-96 hours, and subsequent doses of 10, 5 and 2 ppm at weekly intervals thereafter. 14. The use of claim 11, which is initiated at least five days after birth. 15. The use of claim 14, which is initiated at 5-14 days after birth. 16. The use of claim 11, which is provided for 20-30 days. | Methods for identifying premature infants at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or most likely to benefit from administration of inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods for treating premature infants identified as at risk and/or likely to benefit are provided. also provided are methods for identifying premature infants that are not at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or unlikely to benefit from administration of inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and methods for avoiding risks of toxicity and undesirable side effects associated with inhaled nitric oxide therapy comprising administering only non-iNO treatment modalities to these infants.1. A method for identifying a premature infant that is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide comprising:
a) prior to initiation of inhaled nitric oxide therapy, exposing the infant to ambient or nitric oxide free air, such that the infant inhales the air; b) obtaining a sample of the air upon exhalation; c) measuring a concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air; and d) determining whether the measured concentration of nitric oxide is less than 1 ppb, wherein a concentration of less than about 1.5 ppb indicates that the infant is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured concentration of nitric oxide is 0.5-1.5 ppb. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured concentration of nitric oxide is 1 ppb or less. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the concentration of nitric oxide is measured between birth and the third day after birth. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising treating the infant with inhaled nitric oxide to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia when the measured concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air is less than about 1.5 ppb. 6. A method for identifying a premature infant that is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide comprising:
a) obtaining a blood or tissue sample from the infant prior to initiation of inhaled nitric oxide therapy; b) analyzing the blood or tissue sample for presence of a genetic mutation in a gene encoding a nitric oxide synthase that results in decreased endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide; c) determining whether the genetic mutation is present or absent, wherein presence of the genetic mutation indicates that the infant is likely to have a therapeutic response to inhaled nitric oxide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the genetic mutation is T-786C or G894T in the eNOS gene. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the blood or tissue sample is analyzed using single nucleotide polymorphism analysis or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising treating the infant with inhaled nitric oxide to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia when the genetic mutation is present. 10. A method of avoiding risks associated with administration of inhaled nitric oxide to premature infants at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia comprising:
a) testing the infant for one or more of
(i) a plasma total concentration of nitrate and nitrite;
(ii) a concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled ambient or nitric oxide-free air; and
(iii) presence of a genetic mutation in a gene encoding nitric oxide synthase that results in decrease endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide;
b) determining whether the total concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the plasma is at least about 50 μM, whether the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air is about 2.5 ppb or higher and/or whether no genetic mutation in a gene encoding nitric oxide synthase that reduces endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide is present; c) treating the infant only with non-inhaled nitric oxide modalities to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia if the total concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the plasma is at least about 50 μM, the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air is about 2.5 ppb or higher, and/or the genetic mutation is not present. 11. A method for treating a premature infant at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the method comprising:
administering a dose of inhaled nitric oxide, wherein the infant has a total concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the plasma that is less than about 50 μM, a concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air that is less than about 1.5 ppb and/or a genetic mutation in a gene encoding nitric oxide synthase that results in decrease endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising decreasing dosages of inhaled nitric oxide. 13. The use of claim 12, comprising an initial dose of nitric oxide of 20 ppm for 48-96 hours, and subsequent doses of 10, 5 and 2 ppm at weekly intervals thereafter. 14. The use of claim 11, which is initiated at least five days after birth. 15. The use of claim 14, which is initiated at 5-14 days after birth. 16. The use of claim 11, which is provided for 20-30 days. | 2,100 |
344,247 | 16,803,688 | 2,179 | A method, system and computer-readable medium where a weighted composite quality index having a plurality of components for a network element is identified. A historical baseline value from historical data for each component is determined, and a deviation from the historical baseline values is measured. A risk level for the deviation is assigned. A loss score for the measured components is computed by mapping the risk level to a numerical score. An aggregated risk score based on a sum of weighted risk scores for each of the components is computed. An expected risk score based on probabilities associated with the aggregated risk score is determined by computing future probabilities of each risk level at the network element based on a trained machine learning model. | 1. A method comprising:
identifying, for a network element, a composite quality index having a plurality of components and a weight associated with each component in the plurality of components; determining a historical baseline value from historical data for each component; measuring a deviation from the historical baseline values in at least one of the plurality of components; assigning a risk level for the deviation; and providing a probability of future risk for the network element based on the assigned risk level, wherein the probability of future risk for the network element is used to preempt poor customer experience by proactively identifying network elements that are more at risk of impacting customer quality of experience. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network element is an eNodeB. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of components comprises quality of service components. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk level comprises one selected from a group comprising no risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and critical risk. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein computing future probabilities comprises
inputting into a trained machine learning model: past values of a deviation of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; and a future baseline value for each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index for a period of time. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprises
creating the trained machine learning model by:
computing the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index;
extracting raw and derived time series for risk related performance metrics and load and traffic metrics for the network element; and
inputting the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index into a risk labeler that assigns the risk level. 7. A system comprising:
a memory for storing computer instructions; and a processor coupled with the memory, wherein the processor, responsive to executing the computer instructions, performs operations comprising:
identifying, for a network element, a composite quality index having a plurality of components and a weight associated with each component in the plurality of components;
determining a historical baseline value from historical data for each component;
measuring a deviation from the historical baseline values in at least one of the plurality of components;
assigning a risk level for the deviation;
and
providing a probability of future risk for the network element based on the assigned risk level, wherein the probability of future risk for the network element is used to preempt poor customer experience by proactively identifying network elements that are more at risk of impacting customer quality of experience. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the network element is an eNodeB. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of components comprises quality of service components. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the risk level comprises one selected from a group comprising no risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk and critical risk. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein computing future probabilities comprises inputting into a trained machine learning model:
past values of a deviation of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; and a future baseline value for each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index for a period of time. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor, responsive to executing the computer instructions, performs operations comprising
creating the trained machine learning model by:
computing a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index
extracting raw and derived time series for risk related performance metrics and load and traffic metrics for the network element; and
inputting the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index into a risk labeler that assigns the risk level. 13. A tangible computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
identifying, for a network element, a composite quality index having a plurality of components and a weight associated with each component in the plurality of components; determining a historical baseline value from historical data for each of the plurality of components; measuring a deviation from the historical baseline values in at least one of the plurality of components; assigning a risk level for the deviation; and providing a probability of future risk for the network element based on the assigned risk level, wherein the probability of future risk for the network element is used to preempt poor customer experience by proactively identifying network elements that are more at risk of impacting customer quality of experience. 14. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the network element is an eNodeB. 15. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the plurality of components comprises quality of service components. 16. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the risk level comprises one selected from a group comprising no risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk and critical risk. 17. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein computing future probabilities comprises
inputting into a trained machine learning model:
past values of a deviation of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index;
a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; and
a future baseline value for each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index for a period of time. 18. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein creating the trained machine learning model comprises:
computing the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; extracting raw and derived time series for risk related performance metrics and load and traffic metrics for the network element; and inputting the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index into a risk labeler that assigns the risk level. | A method, system and computer-readable medium where a weighted composite quality index having a plurality of components for a network element is identified. A historical baseline value from historical data for each component is determined, and a deviation from the historical baseline values is measured. A risk level for the deviation is assigned. A loss score for the measured components is computed by mapping the risk level to a numerical score. An aggregated risk score based on a sum of weighted risk scores for each of the components is computed. An expected risk score based on probabilities associated with the aggregated risk score is determined by computing future probabilities of each risk level at the network element based on a trained machine learning model.1. A method comprising:
identifying, for a network element, a composite quality index having a plurality of components and a weight associated with each component in the plurality of components; determining a historical baseline value from historical data for each component; measuring a deviation from the historical baseline values in at least one of the plurality of components; assigning a risk level for the deviation; and providing a probability of future risk for the network element based on the assigned risk level, wherein the probability of future risk for the network element is used to preempt poor customer experience by proactively identifying network elements that are more at risk of impacting customer quality of experience. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network element is an eNodeB. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of components comprises quality of service components. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk level comprises one selected from a group comprising no risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and critical risk. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein computing future probabilities comprises
inputting into a trained machine learning model: past values of a deviation of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; and a future baseline value for each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index for a period of time. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprises
creating the trained machine learning model by:
computing the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index;
extracting raw and derived time series for risk related performance metrics and load and traffic metrics for the network element; and
inputting the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index into a risk labeler that assigns the risk level. 7. A system comprising:
a memory for storing computer instructions; and a processor coupled with the memory, wherein the processor, responsive to executing the computer instructions, performs operations comprising:
identifying, for a network element, a composite quality index having a plurality of components and a weight associated with each component in the plurality of components;
determining a historical baseline value from historical data for each component;
measuring a deviation from the historical baseline values in at least one of the plurality of components;
assigning a risk level for the deviation;
and
providing a probability of future risk for the network element based on the assigned risk level, wherein the probability of future risk for the network element is used to preempt poor customer experience by proactively identifying network elements that are more at risk of impacting customer quality of experience. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the network element is an eNodeB. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of components comprises quality of service components. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the risk level comprises one selected from a group comprising no risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk and critical risk. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein computing future probabilities comprises inputting into a trained machine learning model:
past values of a deviation of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; and a future baseline value for each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index for a period of time. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor, responsive to executing the computer instructions, performs operations comprising
creating the trained machine learning model by:
computing a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index
extracting raw and derived time series for risk related performance metrics and load and traffic metrics for the network element; and
inputting the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index into a risk labeler that assigns the risk level. 13. A tangible computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
identifying, for a network element, a composite quality index having a plurality of components and a weight associated with each component in the plurality of components; determining a historical baseline value from historical data for each of the plurality of components; measuring a deviation from the historical baseline values in at least one of the plurality of components; assigning a risk level for the deviation; and providing a probability of future risk for the network element based on the assigned risk level, wherein the probability of future risk for the network element is used to preempt poor customer experience by proactively identifying network elements that are more at risk of impacting customer quality of experience. 14. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the network element is an eNodeB. 15. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the plurality of components comprises quality of service components. 16. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the risk level comprises one selected from a group comprising no risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk and critical risk. 17. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein computing future probabilities comprises
inputting into a trained machine learning model:
past values of a deviation of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index;
a historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; and
a future baseline value for each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index for a period of time. 18. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein creating the trained machine learning model comprises:
computing the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index; extracting raw and derived time series for risk related performance metrics and load and traffic metrics for the network element; and inputting the historical baseline value of each member of the plurality of components of the composite quality index into a risk labeler that assigns the risk level. | 2,100 |
344,248 | 16,803,736 | 3,754 | A pour spout has a spout section with an elongate tubular body defining a liquid flow channel. The body has a fluted or corrugated configuration rendering the body flexible or bendable. A dispensing orifice is disposed at a dispensing end of the pour spout and an attachment end is disposed at an end of the body opposite the dispensing end. The attachment end has a liquid inlet orifice. A vent section of the pour spot is joined to the attachment end of the body. The vent section includes an air vent that defines an air flow path, which directs air from outside of the pour spout along the air flow path toward a container interior while bypassing the liquid flow channel. | 1. A pour spout comprising:
a spout section having an elongate tubular body defining a liquid flow channel, the body having a fluted or corrugated configuration rendering the body flexible or bendable; a dispensing orifice at a dispensing end of the pour spout; an attachment end at an end of the body opposite the dispensing end, the attachment end having a liquid inlet orifice; and a vent section joined to the attachment end of the body, wherein the vent section includes an air vent that defines an air flow path, which directs air from outside of the pour spout along the air flow path toward a container interior while bypassing the liquid flow channel. 2. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent has a flow path in part along an annular wall of the vent section. 3. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent has a flow path in part along a wall of a skirt of the spout section. 4. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent includes a flow path in part within a small gap between a skirt of the spout section and an annular wall of the vent section at the attachment end of the pour spout. 5. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent includes an enclosed space with a vent opening that communicates with a vent tube and a vent opening to air outside of the pour spout. 6. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent includes a vent tube with a one-way valve arranged to allow air to flow from a vent opening through the vent tube to an air outlet but to prevent air or liquid from flowing from the air outlet of the vent tube to the vent opening. 7. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air flow path is a circuitous path. 8. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the body is collapsible in a lengthwise direction. | A pour spout has a spout section with an elongate tubular body defining a liquid flow channel. The body has a fluted or corrugated configuration rendering the body flexible or bendable. A dispensing orifice is disposed at a dispensing end of the pour spout and an attachment end is disposed at an end of the body opposite the dispensing end. The attachment end has a liquid inlet orifice. A vent section of the pour spot is joined to the attachment end of the body. The vent section includes an air vent that defines an air flow path, which directs air from outside of the pour spout along the air flow path toward a container interior while bypassing the liquid flow channel.1. A pour spout comprising:
a spout section having an elongate tubular body defining a liquid flow channel, the body having a fluted or corrugated configuration rendering the body flexible or bendable; a dispensing orifice at a dispensing end of the pour spout; an attachment end at an end of the body opposite the dispensing end, the attachment end having a liquid inlet orifice; and a vent section joined to the attachment end of the body, wherein the vent section includes an air vent that defines an air flow path, which directs air from outside of the pour spout along the air flow path toward a container interior while bypassing the liquid flow channel. 2. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent has a flow path in part along an annular wall of the vent section. 3. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent has a flow path in part along a wall of a skirt of the spout section. 4. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent includes a flow path in part within a small gap between a skirt of the spout section and an annular wall of the vent section at the attachment end of the pour spout. 5. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent includes an enclosed space with a vent opening that communicates with a vent tube and a vent opening to air outside of the pour spout. 6. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air vent includes a vent tube with a one-way valve arranged to allow air to flow from a vent opening through the vent tube to an air outlet but to prevent air or liquid from flowing from the air outlet of the vent tube to the vent opening. 7. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the air flow path is a circuitous path. 8. A pour spout according to claim 1, wherein the body is collapsible in a lengthwise direction. | 3,700 |
344,249 | 16,803,715 | 3,754 | Portable communications devices with reduced interference between communication systems. One embodiment provides a portable communications device including a first antenna, a second antenna, a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies, a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies. The portable communications device includes an isolator circuit coupling the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna. The isolator circuit is configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies. The portable communications device further includes a bidirectional diplexer coupling the second transceiver to the isolator circuit. The bidirectional diplexer is configured to reduce an electrical transmission length when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. | 1. A portable communications device comprising:
a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies; a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies; a transmission path connecting the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna; an isolator circuit provided on the transmission path and configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies; and a bidirectional diplexer provided on the transmission path, the bidirectional diplexer coupled to the second transceiver and the isolator circuit and configured to reduce an electrical transmission length when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 2. The portable communications device of claim 1, wherein the bidirectional diplexer further comprises:
a first frequency-selective circuit coupled between a first diplexer port and a second diplexer port; a second frequency-selective circuit coupled between the first diplexer port and a third diplexer port; and a third frequency-selective circuit coupled between a fourth diplexer port and the second diplexer port. 3. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first frequency-selective circuit is a high-pass filter and the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are low-pass filters. 4. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are complementary to the first frequency-selective circuit. 5. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the second antenna. 6. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the first antenna. 7. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the first transceiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit. 8. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to a diversity receiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to a third antenna. 9. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to pass through to the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the second range of frequencies and wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to bypass the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 10. The portable communications device of claim 1, wherein the first transceiver is a land mobile radio (LMR) transceiver and the second transceiver is long term evolution (LTE) transceiver. 11. A portable communications device comprising:
a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies; a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies; an isolator circuit coupling the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna and configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies; and a bidirectional diplexer coupling the second transceiver to the isolator circuit and configured to reduce an electrical transmission length when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 12. The portable communications device of claim 11, wherein the bidirectional diplexer further comprises:
a first frequency-selective circuit coupled between a first diplexer port and a second diplexer port; a second frequency-selective circuit coupled between the first diplexer port and a third diplexer port; and a third frequency-selective circuit coupled between a fourth diplexer port and the second diplexer port. 13. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first frequency-selective circuit is a high-pass filter and the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are low-pass filters. 14. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are complementary to the first frequency-selective circuit. 15. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the second antenna. 16. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the first antenna. 17. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the first transceiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit. 18. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to a diversity receiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to a third antenna. 19. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to pass through to the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the second range of frequencies and wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to bypass the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 20. The portable communications device of claim 11, wherein the first transceiver is a land mobile radio (LMR) transceiver and the second transceiver is long term evolution (LTE) transceiver. | Portable communications devices with reduced interference between communication systems. One embodiment provides a portable communications device including a first antenna, a second antenna, a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies, a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies. The portable communications device includes an isolator circuit coupling the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna. The isolator circuit is configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies. The portable communications device further includes a bidirectional diplexer coupling the second transceiver to the isolator circuit. The bidirectional diplexer is configured to reduce an electrical transmission length when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies.1. A portable communications device comprising:
a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies; a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies; a transmission path connecting the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna; an isolator circuit provided on the transmission path and configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies; and a bidirectional diplexer provided on the transmission path, the bidirectional diplexer coupled to the second transceiver and the isolator circuit and configured to reduce an electrical transmission length when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 2. The portable communications device of claim 1, wherein the bidirectional diplexer further comprises:
a first frequency-selective circuit coupled between a first diplexer port and a second diplexer port; a second frequency-selective circuit coupled between the first diplexer port and a third diplexer port; and a third frequency-selective circuit coupled between a fourth diplexer port and the second diplexer port. 3. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first frequency-selective circuit is a high-pass filter and the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are low-pass filters. 4. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are complementary to the first frequency-selective circuit. 5. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the second antenna. 6. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the first antenna. 7. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the first transceiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit. 8. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to a diversity receiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to a third antenna. 9. The portable communications device of claim 2, wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to pass through to the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the second range of frequencies and wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to bypass the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 10. The portable communications device of claim 1, wherein the first transceiver is a land mobile radio (LMR) transceiver and the second transceiver is long term evolution (LTE) transceiver. 11. A portable communications device comprising:
a first antenna; a second antenna; a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies; a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies; an isolator circuit coupling the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna and configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies; and a bidirectional diplexer coupling the second transceiver to the isolator circuit and configured to reduce an electrical transmission length when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 12. The portable communications device of claim 11, wherein the bidirectional diplexer further comprises:
a first frequency-selective circuit coupled between a first diplexer port and a second diplexer port; a second frequency-selective circuit coupled between the first diplexer port and a third diplexer port; and a third frequency-selective circuit coupled between a fourth diplexer port and the second diplexer port. 13. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first frequency-selective circuit is a high-pass filter and the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are low-pass filters. 14. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the second frequency-selective circuit and the third frequency-selective circuit are complementary to the first frequency-selective circuit. 15. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the second antenna. 16. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the first antenna. 17. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to the first transceiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit. 18. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the first diplexer port is coupled to the second transceiver, the third diplexer port is coupled to the isolator circuit, the fourth diplexer port is coupled to a diversity receiver, and the second diplexer port is coupled to a third antenna. 19. The portable communications device of claim 12, wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to pass through to the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the second range of frequencies and wherein the bidirectional diplexer allows radio frequency signals from the second transceiver to bypass the isolator circuit when the second transceiver is operating over the third range of frequencies. 20. The portable communications device of claim 11, wherein the first transceiver is a land mobile radio (LMR) transceiver and the second transceiver is long term evolution (LTE) transceiver. | 3,700 |
344,250 | 16,803,714 | 3,754 | The present technology is directed to one or more compositions comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present technology also relates to one or more compositions and oral formulations comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present technology also relates to one or more methods of using compositions comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present technology additionally relates to one or more pharmaceutical kits containing a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. | 1. A method of treating a patient having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising orally administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in an amount of 26 mg serdexmethylphenidate and 5.2 mg dexmethylphenidate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate has the following struscture 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate is in the form of serdexmethylphenidate chloride, and wherein the 26 mg serdexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 28 mg serdexmethylphenidate chloride. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate chloride has the following structure 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dexmethylphenidate is in the form of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, and wherein the 5.2 mg dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 6 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the combined molar does of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 20 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the 20 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is equivalent to 17.3 mg dexmethylphenidate free base. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule or tablet. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the capsule is an immediate release capsule. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the capsule or tablet is contained in a blister pack. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the capsule or tablet is administered as a dosage of 1 capsule or tablet every day. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the dosage is of 1 capsule or tablet taken in the morning. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the dosage is administered with or without food. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the dosage is administered with food. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the dosage is in the form of a capsule and the capsule is opened and the composition of the capsule is sprinkled onto a tablespoon of a semi-solid or a liquid. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the semi-solid is applesauce. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the liquid is water. 18. A method of treating a patient having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising orally administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in an amount of 39 mg serdexmethylphenidate and 7.8 mg dexmethylphenidate. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate has the following structure 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate is in the form of serdexmethylphenidate chloride, and wherein the 39 mg serdexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 42 mg serdexmethylphenidate chloride. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate chloride has the following structure 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the dexmethylphenidate is in the form of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, and wherein the 7.8 mg dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 9 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the combined molar does of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 30 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the 30 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is equivalent to 25.9 mg dexmethylphenidate free base. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule or tablet. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the capsule is an immediate release capsule. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the capsule or tablet is contained in a blister pack. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the capsule or tablet is administered as a dosage of 1 capsule or tablet every day. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the dosage is of 1 capsule or tablet taken in the morning. 30. The method of claim 25, wherein the dosage is administered with or without food. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the dosage is administered with food. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the dosage is in the form of a capsule and the capsule is opened and the composition of the capsule is sprinkled onto a tablespoon of a semi-solid or a liquid. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the semi-solid is applesauce. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the liquid is water. 35. A method of treating a patient having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising orally administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in an amount of 52 mg serdexmethylphenidate and 10.4 mg dexmethylphenidate. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate has the following structure 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate is in the form of serdexmethylphenidate chloride, and wherein the 52 mg serdexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 56 mg serdexmethylphenidate chloride. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate chloride has the following structure 39. The method of claim 35 wherein the dexmethylphenidate is in the form of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, and wherein the 10.4 mg dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 12 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the combined molar does of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 40 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the 40 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is equivalent to 34.6 mg dexmethylphenidate free base. 42. The method of claim 35, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule or tablet. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the capsule is an immediate release capsule. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the capsule or tablet is contained in a blister pack. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the capsule or tablet is administered as a dosage of 1 capsule or tablet every day. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the dosage is of 1 capsule or tablet taken in the morning. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the dosage is administered with or without food. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the dosage is administered with food. 49. The method of claim 42, wherein the dosage is in the form of a capsule and the capsule is opened and the composition of the capsule is sprinkled onto a tablespoon of a semi-solid or a liquid. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the semi-solid is applesauce. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the liquid is water. | The present technology is directed to one or more compositions comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present technology also relates to one or more compositions and oral formulations comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present technology also relates to one or more methods of using compositions comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present technology additionally relates to one or more pharmaceutical kits containing a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate conjugates and unconjugated d-methylphenidate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.1. A method of treating a patient having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising orally administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in an amount of 26 mg serdexmethylphenidate and 5.2 mg dexmethylphenidate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate has the following struscture 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate is in the form of serdexmethylphenidate chloride, and wherein the 26 mg serdexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 28 mg serdexmethylphenidate chloride. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate chloride has the following structure 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dexmethylphenidate is in the form of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, and wherein the 5.2 mg dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 6 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the combined molar does of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 20 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the 20 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is equivalent to 17.3 mg dexmethylphenidate free base. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule or tablet. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the capsule is an immediate release capsule. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the capsule or tablet is contained in a blister pack. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the capsule or tablet is administered as a dosage of 1 capsule or tablet every day. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the dosage is of 1 capsule or tablet taken in the morning. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the dosage is administered with or without food. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the dosage is administered with food. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the dosage is in the form of a capsule and the capsule is opened and the composition of the capsule is sprinkled onto a tablespoon of a semi-solid or a liquid. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the semi-solid is applesauce. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the liquid is water. 18. A method of treating a patient having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising orally administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in an amount of 39 mg serdexmethylphenidate and 7.8 mg dexmethylphenidate. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate has the following structure 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate is in the form of serdexmethylphenidate chloride, and wherein the 39 mg serdexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 42 mg serdexmethylphenidate chloride. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate chloride has the following structure 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the dexmethylphenidate is in the form of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, and wherein the 7.8 mg dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 9 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the combined molar does of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 30 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the 30 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is equivalent to 25.9 mg dexmethylphenidate free base. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule or tablet. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the capsule is an immediate release capsule. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the capsule or tablet is contained in a blister pack. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the capsule or tablet is administered as a dosage of 1 capsule or tablet every day. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the dosage is of 1 capsule or tablet taken in the morning. 30. The method of claim 25, wherein the dosage is administered with or without food. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the dosage is administered with food. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the dosage is in the form of a capsule and the capsule is opened and the composition of the capsule is sprinkled onto a tablespoon of a semi-solid or a liquid. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the semi-solid is applesauce. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the liquid is water. 35. A method of treating a patient having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising orally administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in an amount of 52 mg serdexmethylphenidate and 10.4 mg dexmethylphenidate. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate has the following structure 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate is in the form of serdexmethylphenidate chloride, and wherein the 52 mg serdexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 56 mg serdexmethylphenidate chloride. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the serdexmethylphenidate chloride has the following structure 39. The method of claim 35 wherein the dexmethylphenidate is in the form of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, and wherein the 10.4 mg dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 12 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the combined molar does of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is equivalent to 40 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the 40 mg of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is equivalent to 34.6 mg dexmethylphenidate free base. 42. The method of claim 35, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule or tablet. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the capsule is an immediate release capsule. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the capsule or tablet is contained in a blister pack. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the capsule or tablet is administered as a dosage of 1 capsule or tablet every day. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the dosage is of 1 capsule or tablet taken in the morning. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the dosage is administered with or without food. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the dosage is administered with food. 49. The method of claim 42, wherein the dosage is in the form of a capsule and the capsule is opened and the composition of the capsule is sprinkled onto a tablespoon of a semi-solid or a liquid. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the semi-solid is applesauce. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the liquid is water. | 3,700 |
344,251 | 16,803,671 | 3,754 | A respiratory therapy system configured to deliver gases to a patient can have a non-sealed gas flow generating arrangement configured to deliver a high flow of positive gas to an airway of a patient and a negative flow of gas away from an airway of the patient. The positive and negative flows of gas can be generated simultaneously. The flow of positive and negative gases reduces exhaled gases in anatomical dead spaces of the patient. | 1. (canceled) 2. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to, simultaneous with the delivery of the continuous positive flow of gas by the first gas passageway, deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway at a flow rate configured to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the rate of the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway is set to a function of the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas delivered to the subject's airway. 3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas is at least 10 liters per minute. 4. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a manifold, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the manifold. 5. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways are pneumatically linked to different sides of the manifold. 6. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the patient interface on a single side of the manifold. 7. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a nasal cannula that includes at least one prong configured to fit into a nare of the subject. 8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong is configured to provide less than 95% occlusion of the nares or provide about 40%-80% occlusion of the nare of the subject. 9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong comprises a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong. 10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first nasal prong is different from the second nasal prong. 11. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 12. The interface of claim 9, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 13. The interface of claim 7, wherein the second passageway and the nasal cannula are configured such that the negative flow of gas passes under or around compartments that carry the continuous positive flow of gas. 14. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a barrier that substantially pneumatically isolates the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the barrier pneumatically isolates the positive and negative flow of gases at or near a manifold such that:
the continuous positive flow of gas is configured to move through the first gas passageway by moving into a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, and the negative flow of gas is configured to be drawn out of the subject's airway and through the second gas passageway by moving through sections of the first and second nasal prongs that are not being utilized to deliver the continuous positive flow of gas to the subject's airway. 16. The interface of claim 2, wherein the first and second gas passageways are provided in a single conduit or in different conduits. 17. The interface of claim 2, wherein more than one of each of the positive and negative gas flows is configured to be delivered to one or more airways of the subject. 18. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a transfer module that includes a wick or an absorbent material. 19. The interface of claim 18, wherein the transfer module extends between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway, acting as a seal between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway or substantially preventing pneumatic communication between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway. 20. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 21. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the first and second gas passageways. | A respiratory therapy system configured to deliver gases to a patient can have a non-sealed gas flow generating arrangement configured to deliver a high flow of positive gas to an airway of a patient and a negative flow of gas away from an airway of the patient. The positive and negative flows of gas can be generated simultaneously. The flow of positive and negative gases reduces exhaled gases in anatomical dead spaces of the patient.1. (canceled) 2. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to, simultaneous with the delivery of the continuous positive flow of gas by the first gas passageway, deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway at a flow rate configured to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the rate of the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway is set to a function of the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas delivered to the subject's airway. 3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas is at least 10 liters per minute. 4. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a manifold, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the manifold. 5. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways are pneumatically linked to different sides of the manifold. 6. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the patient interface on a single side of the manifold. 7. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a nasal cannula that includes at least one prong configured to fit into a nare of the subject. 8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong is configured to provide less than 95% occlusion of the nares or provide about 40%-80% occlusion of the nare of the subject. 9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong comprises a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong. 10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first nasal prong is different from the second nasal prong. 11. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 12. The interface of claim 9, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 13. The interface of claim 7, wherein the second passageway and the nasal cannula are configured such that the negative flow of gas passes under or around compartments that carry the continuous positive flow of gas. 14. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a barrier that substantially pneumatically isolates the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the barrier pneumatically isolates the positive and negative flow of gases at or near a manifold such that:
the continuous positive flow of gas is configured to move through the first gas passageway by moving into a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, and the negative flow of gas is configured to be drawn out of the subject's airway and through the second gas passageway by moving through sections of the first and second nasal prongs that are not being utilized to deliver the continuous positive flow of gas to the subject's airway. 16. The interface of claim 2, wherein the first and second gas passageways are provided in a single conduit or in different conduits. 17. The interface of claim 2, wherein more than one of each of the positive and negative gas flows is configured to be delivered to one or more airways of the subject. 18. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a transfer module that includes a wick or an absorbent material. 19. The interface of claim 18, wherein the transfer module extends between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway, acting as a seal between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway or substantially preventing pneumatic communication between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway. 20. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 21. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the first and second gas passageways. | 3,700 |
344,252 | 16,803,727 | 2,416 | A respiratory therapy system configured to deliver gases to a patient can have a non-sealed gas flow generating arrangement configured to deliver a high flow of positive gas to an airway of a patient and a negative flow of gas away from an airway of the patient. The positive and negative flows of gas can be generated simultaneously. The flow of positive and negative gases reduces exhaled gases in anatomical dead spaces of the patient. | 1. (canceled) 2. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to, simultaneous with the delivery of the continuous positive flow of gas by the first gas passageway, deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway at a flow rate configured to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the rate of the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway is set to a function of the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas delivered to the subject's airway. 3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas is at least 10 liters per minute. 4. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a manifold, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the manifold. 5. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways are pneumatically linked to different sides of the manifold. 6. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the patient interface on a single side of the manifold. 7. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a nasal cannula that includes at least one prong configured to fit into a nare of the subject. 8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong is configured to provide less than 95% occlusion of the nares or provide about 40%-80% occlusion of the nare of the subject. 9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong comprises a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong. 10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first nasal prong is different from the second nasal prong. 11. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 12. The interface of claim 9, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 13. The interface of claim 7, wherein the second passageway and the nasal cannula are configured such that the negative flow of gas passes under or around compartments that carry the continuous positive flow of gas. 14. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a barrier that substantially pneumatically isolates the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the barrier pneumatically isolates the positive and negative flow of gases at or near a manifold such that:
the continuous positive flow of gas is configured to move through the first gas passageway by moving into a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, and the negative flow of gas is configured to be drawn out of the subject's airway and through the second gas passageway by moving through sections of the first and second nasal prongs that are not being utilized to deliver the continuous positive flow of gas to the subject's airway. 16. The interface of claim 2, wherein the first and second gas passageways are provided in a single conduit or in different conduits. 17. The interface of claim 2, wherein more than one of each of the positive and negative gas flows is configured to be delivered to one or more airways of the subject. 18. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a transfer module that includes a wick or an absorbent material. 19. The interface of claim 18, wherein the transfer module extends between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway, acting as a seal between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway or substantially preventing pneumatic communication between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway. 20. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 21. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the first and second gas passageways. | A respiratory therapy system configured to deliver gases to a patient can have a non-sealed gas flow generating arrangement configured to deliver a high flow of positive gas to an airway of a patient and a negative flow of gas away from an airway of the patient. The positive and negative flows of gas can be generated simultaneously. The flow of positive and negative gases reduces exhaled gases in anatomical dead spaces of the patient.1. (canceled) 2. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to, simultaneous with the delivery of the continuous positive flow of gas by the first gas passageway, deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway at a flow rate configured to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the rate of the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway is set to a function of the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas delivered to the subject's airway. 3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas is at least 10 liters per minute. 4. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a manifold, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the manifold. 5. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways are pneumatically linked to different sides of the manifold. 6. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the patient interface on a single side of the manifold. 7. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a nasal cannula that includes at least one prong configured to fit into a nare of the subject. 8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong is configured to provide less than 95% occlusion of the nares or provide about 40%-80% occlusion of the nare of the subject. 9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong comprises a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong. 10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first nasal prong is different from the second nasal prong. 11. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 12. The interface of claim 9, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 13. The interface of claim 7, wherein the second passageway and the nasal cannula are configured such that the negative flow of gas passes under or around compartments that carry the continuous positive flow of gas. 14. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a barrier that substantially pneumatically isolates the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the barrier pneumatically isolates the positive and negative flow of gases at or near a manifold such that:
the continuous positive flow of gas is configured to move through the first gas passageway by moving into a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, and the negative flow of gas is configured to be drawn out of the subject's airway and through the second gas passageway by moving through sections of the first and second nasal prongs that are not being utilized to deliver the continuous positive flow of gas to the subject's airway. 16. The interface of claim 2, wherein the first and second gas passageways are provided in a single conduit or in different conduits. 17. The interface of claim 2, wherein more than one of each of the positive and negative gas flows is configured to be delivered to one or more airways of the subject. 18. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a transfer module that includes a wick or an absorbent material. 19. The interface of claim 18, wherein the transfer module extends between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway, acting as a seal between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway or substantially preventing pneumatic communication between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway. 20. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 21. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the first and second gas passageways. | 2,400 |
344,253 | 16,803,728 | 2,416 | A respiratory therapy system configured to deliver gases to a patient can have a non-sealed gas flow generating arrangement configured to deliver a high flow of positive gas to an airway of a patient and a negative flow of gas away from an airway of the patient. The positive and negative flows of gas can be generated simultaneously. The flow of positive and negative gases reduces exhaled gases in anatomical dead spaces of the patient. | 1. (canceled) 2. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to, simultaneous with the delivery of the continuous positive flow of gas by the first gas passageway, deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway at a flow rate configured to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the rate of the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway is set to a function of the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas delivered to the subject's airway. 3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas is at least 10 liters per minute. 4. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a manifold, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the manifold. 5. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways are pneumatically linked to different sides of the manifold. 6. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the patient interface on a single side of the manifold. 7. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a nasal cannula that includes at least one prong configured to fit into a nare of the subject. 8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong is configured to provide less than 95% occlusion of the nares or provide about 40%-80% occlusion of the nare of the subject. 9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong comprises a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong. 10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first nasal prong is different from the second nasal prong. 11. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 12. The interface of claim 9, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 13. The interface of claim 7, wherein the second passageway and the nasal cannula are configured such that the negative flow of gas passes under or around compartments that carry the continuous positive flow of gas. 14. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a barrier that substantially pneumatically isolates the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the barrier pneumatically isolates the positive and negative flow of gases at or near a manifold such that:
the continuous positive flow of gas is configured to move through the first gas passageway by moving into a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, and the negative flow of gas is configured to be drawn out of the subject's airway and through the second gas passageway by moving through sections of the first and second nasal prongs that are not being utilized to deliver the continuous positive flow of gas to the subject's airway. 16. The interface of claim 2, wherein the first and second gas passageways are provided in a single conduit or in different conduits. 17. The interface of claim 2, wherein more than one of each of the positive and negative gas flows is configured to be delivered to one or more airways of the subject. 18. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a transfer module that includes a wick or an absorbent material. 19. The interface of claim 18, wherein the transfer module extends between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway, acting as a seal between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway or substantially preventing pneumatic communication between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway. 20. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 21. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the first and second gas passageways. | A respiratory therapy system configured to deliver gases to a patient can have a non-sealed gas flow generating arrangement configured to deliver a high flow of positive gas to an airway of a patient and a negative flow of gas away from an airway of the patient. The positive and negative flows of gas can be generated simultaneously. The flow of positive and negative gases reduces exhaled gases in anatomical dead spaces of the patient.1. (canceled) 2. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to, simultaneous with the delivery of the continuous positive flow of gas by the first gas passageway, deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway at a flow rate configured to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the rate of the negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway is set to a function of the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas delivered to the subject's airway. 3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the rate of the continuous positive flow of gas is at least 10 liters per minute. 4. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a manifold, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the manifold. 5. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways are pneumatically linked to different sides of the manifold. 6. The interface of claim 4, wherein the first and second gas passageways interface with the patient interface on a single side of the manifold. 7. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a nasal cannula that includes at least one prong configured to fit into a nare of the subject. 8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong is configured to provide less than 95% occlusion of the nares or provide about 40%-80% occlusion of the nare of the subject. 9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the at least one prong comprises a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong. 10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first nasal prong is different from the second nasal prong. 11. The interface of claim 9, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 12. The interface of claim 9, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 13. The interface of claim 7, wherein the second passageway and the nasal cannula are configured such that the negative flow of gas passes under or around compartments that carry the continuous positive flow of gas. 14. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a barrier that substantially pneumatically isolates the continuous positive flow of gas and the negative flow of gas. 15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the barrier pneumatically isolates the positive and negative flow of gases at or near a manifold such that:
the continuous positive flow of gas is configured to move through the first gas passageway by moving into a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, and the negative flow of gas is configured to be drawn out of the subject's airway and through the second gas passageway by moving through sections of the first and second nasal prongs that are not being utilized to deliver the continuous positive flow of gas to the subject's airway. 16. The interface of claim 2, wherein the first and second gas passageways are provided in a single conduit or in different conduits. 17. The interface of claim 2, wherein more than one of each of the positive and negative gas flows is configured to be delivered to one or more airways of the subject. 18. The interface of claim 2, further comprising a transfer module that includes a wick or an absorbent material. 19. The interface of claim 18, wherein the transfer module extends between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway, acting as a seal between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway or substantially preventing pneumatic communication between the first gas passageway and the second gas passageway. 20. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein the first gas passageway extends into the first nasal prong and the second gas passageway extends into the second nasal prong. 21. A non-sealing patient interface, the interface comprising:
a first nasal prong and a second nasal prong, the first and second nasal prongs adapted to be fitted into respective nares of a subject; a first gas passageway configured to deliver a continuous positive flow of gas from a positive gas flow source to a subject's airway when in use; and a second gas passageway configured to simultaneously deliver a negative flow of gas drawn from the subject's airway to a negative gas flow source when in use, the negative flow of gas drawn from the patient's airway at a sufficient flow rate to reduce a concentration of an exhaled gas in a physiological dead space of the subject's airway, wherein each of the first nasal prong and the second nasal prong is pneumatically linked to both the first and second gas passageways. | 2,400 |
344,254 | 16,803,708 | 2,416 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a two-step random access procedure. The UE may determine a frequency hopping space for transmitting a payload of a two-step random access channel of the two-step random access procedure. The UE may encode the payload into one or more codewords. The UE may map the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. The UE may transmit the one or more codewords to the base station on the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, configuration information for a two-step random access procedure; determining a frequency hopping space for transmitting a payload of a two-step random access channel of the two-step random access procedure; encoding the payload into one or more codewords; mapping the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space; and transmitting, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the one or more codewords to the base station on the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more codewords comprise a plurality of repetitions of a codeword, and wherein the plurality of repetitions of the codeword are mapped to respective resource units of the frequency hopping space. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each repetition, of the plurality of repetitions of the codeword, is associated with a same resource size and a same configuration. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the same configuration comprises at least one of:
a modulation and coding scheme, a rate matching scheme, or a redundancy version. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein two or more repetitions, of the plurality of repetitions of the codeword, are associated with at least one of:
different modulation and coding schemes, different rate matching schemes, or different redundancy versions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more codewords are a plurality of codewords, and wherein encoding the payload into the plurality of codewords further comprises:
segmenting the payload into a plurality of blocks; and encoding the plurality of blocks into respective codewords of the plurality of codewords. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of blocks are non-overlapped blocks. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of blocks are at least partially overlapped blocks. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
adding a respective cyclic redundancy check to each block of the plurality of blocks. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein each codeword, of the plurality of codewords, is associated with a same resource size and a same configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the same configuration comprises at least one of:
a modulation and coding scheme, a rate matching scheme, or a redundancy version. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein two or more codewords, of the plurality of codewords, are associated with at least one of:
different modulation and coding schemes, different rate matching schemes, different resource sizes, or different redundancy versions. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information indicates a common time/frequency resource grid for payloads of a plurality of UEs. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the configuration information indicates a plurality of frequency hopping spaces associated with the common time/frequency resource grid. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information identifies at least one of:
a resource unit size associated with the frequency hopping space, an aggregation level associated with the frequency hopping space, a time location of the frequency hopping space, a frequency location of the frequency hopping space, or a frequency hopping pattern of the frequency hopping space. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting at least one of a resource unit size for the payload, an aggregation level for the payload, or the frequency hopping pattern based at least in part on at least one of:
a size of the payload,
a coverage requirement associated with the UE,
a redundancy version of the payload,
a power class of the UE,
a radio frequency (RF) capability of the UE, or
a bandwidth of the UE. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the one or more codewords to the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space is based at least in part on a frequency hopping pattern. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving configuration information indicating the frequency hopping pattern. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the configuration information indicates a guard time configuration for the frequency hopping pattern. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on a hash function. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the frequency hopping pattern includes a change in a hopping direction of the frequency hopping pattern. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on a virtual resource block to physical resource block mapping pattern. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein mapping the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space comprises mapping the one or more codewords in accordance with a guard period configuration of the frequency hopping pattern. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein respective scrambling identifiers of the plurality of resource units are based at least in part on at least one of:
a cell identifier, a UE identifier of the UE, or a hop index of a frequency hopping pattern adopted by the UE. 25. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration information indicating at least one of a frequency hopping space or a frequency hopping pattern for a payload of a two-step random access channel of a two-step random access procedure; and receiving, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the payload as one or more codewords on a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space in accordance with the configuration information. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more codewords are a plurality of codewords corresponding to respective blocks of a plurality of blocks of the payload. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the configuration information indicates a plurality of frequency hopping spaces including the frequency hopping space. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the configuration information identifies at least one of:
a resource unit size associated with the frequency hopping space, an aggregation level associated with the frequency hopping space, a time location of the frequency hopping space, a frequency location of the frequency hopping space, a guard time associated with the frequency hopping pattern, or a frequency hopping pattern of the frequency hopping space. 29. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive, from a base station, configuration information for a two-step random access procedure;
determine a frequency hopping space for transmitting a payload of a two-step random access channel of the two-step random access procedure;
encode the payload into one or more codewords;
map the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space; and
transmit, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the one or more codewords to the base station on the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. 30. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
transmit, to a user equipment (UE), configuration information indicating at least one of a frequency hopping space or a frequency hopping pattern for a payload of a two-step random access channel of a two-step random access procedure; and
receive, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the payload as one or more codewords on a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space in accordance with the configuration information. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a two-step random access procedure. The UE may determine a frequency hopping space for transmitting a payload of a two-step random access channel of the two-step random access procedure. The UE may encode the payload into one or more codewords. The UE may map the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. The UE may transmit the one or more codewords to the base station on the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, configuration information for a two-step random access procedure; determining a frequency hopping space for transmitting a payload of a two-step random access channel of the two-step random access procedure; encoding the payload into one or more codewords; mapping the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space; and transmitting, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the one or more codewords to the base station on the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more codewords comprise a plurality of repetitions of a codeword, and wherein the plurality of repetitions of the codeword are mapped to respective resource units of the frequency hopping space. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each repetition, of the plurality of repetitions of the codeword, is associated with a same resource size and a same configuration. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the same configuration comprises at least one of:
a modulation and coding scheme, a rate matching scheme, or a redundancy version. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein two or more repetitions, of the plurality of repetitions of the codeword, are associated with at least one of:
different modulation and coding schemes, different rate matching schemes, or different redundancy versions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more codewords are a plurality of codewords, and wherein encoding the payload into the plurality of codewords further comprises:
segmenting the payload into a plurality of blocks; and encoding the plurality of blocks into respective codewords of the plurality of codewords. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of blocks are non-overlapped blocks. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of blocks are at least partially overlapped blocks. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
adding a respective cyclic redundancy check to each block of the plurality of blocks. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein each codeword, of the plurality of codewords, is associated with a same resource size and a same configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the same configuration comprises at least one of:
a modulation and coding scheme, a rate matching scheme, or a redundancy version. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein two or more codewords, of the plurality of codewords, are associated with at least one of:
different modulation and coding schemes, different rate matching schemes, different resource sizes, or different redundancy versions. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information indicates a common time/frequency resource grid for payloads of a plurality of UEs. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the configuration information indicates a plurality of frequency hopping spaces associated with the common time/frequency resource grid. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information identifies at least one of:
a resource unit size associated with the frequency hopping space, an aggregation level associated with the frequency hopping space, a time location of the frequency hopping space, a frequency location of the frequency hopping space, or a frequency hopping pattern of the frequency hopping space. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting at least one of a resource unit size for the payload, an aggregation level for the payload, or the frequency hopping pattern based at least in part on at least one of:
a size of the payload,
a coverage requirement associated with the UE,
a redundancy version of the payload,
a power class of the UE,
a radio frequency (RF) capability of the UE, or
a bandwidth of the UE. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the one or more codewords to the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space is based at least in part on a frequency hopping pattern. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving configuration information indicating the frequency hopping pattern. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the configuration information indicates a guard time configuration for the frequency hopping pattern. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on a hash function. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the frequency hopping pattern includes a change in a hopping direction of the frequency hopping pattern. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on a virtual resource block to physical resource block mapping pattern. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein mapping the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space comprises mapping the one or more codewords in accordance with a guard period configuration of the frequency hopping pattern. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein respective scrambling identifiers of the plurality of resource units are based at least in part on at least one of:
a cell identifier, a UE identifier of the UE, or a hop index of a frequency hopping pattern adopted by the UE. 25. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration information indicating at least one of a frequency hopping space or a frequency hopping pattern for a payload of a two-step random access channel of a two-step random access procedure; and receiving, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the payload as one or more codewords on a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space in accordance with the configuration information. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more codewords are a plurality of codewords corresponding to respective blocks of a plurality of blocks of the payload. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the configuration information indicates a plurality of frequency hopping spaces including the frequency hopping space. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the configuration information identifies at least one of:
a resource unit size associated with the frequency hopping space, an aggregation level associated with the frequency hopping space, a time location of the frequency hopping space, a frequency location of the frequency hopping space, a guard time associated with the frequency hopping pattern, or a frequency hopping pattern of the frequency hopping space. 29. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive, from a base station, configuration information for a two-step random access procedure;
determine a frequency hopping space for transmitting a payload of a two-step random access channel of the two-step random access procedure;
encode the payload into one or more codewords;
map the one or more codewords to a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space; and
transmit, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the one or more codewords to the base station on the plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space. 30. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
transmit, to a user equipment (UE), configuration information indicating at least one of a frequency hopping space or a frequency hopping pattern for a payload of a two-step random access channel of a two-step random access procedure; and
receive, during a first step of the two-step random access procedure, the payload as one or more codewords on a plurality of resource units of the frequency hopping space in accordance with the configuration information. | 2,400 |
344,255 | 16,803,713 | 2,416 | In an embodiment is provided a polymer that includes a plurality of N-J-N or N—C—S repeating units, wherein each J is independently a carbon atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; a plurality of hydrophilic groups bonded with the repeating units; and a plurality of hydrophobic groups bonded with the hydrophilic groups and the repeating units. In another embodiment is provided hydrogels of such polymers. The hydrogels may be used as delivery vehicles for various payloads. In another embodiment is provided methods of forming such polymers. | 1. A method of forming a polymer, comprising:
reacting a hydrophobic component with a hydrophilic component to form a polymer having hydrophobic sections and hydrophilic sections, the polymer having a general structure selected from the group consisting of 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a thioaminal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—C—S linkages. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—R3—N—C—S linkages. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic component is a monothiol. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the hydrophobic component is a theranostic agent. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the hydrophobic component is selected from the group consisting of 9. A method of forming a polymer, comprising:
reacting a hydrophobic component with a hydrophilic component to form a polymer having hydrophobic sections and hydrophilic sections, the polymer having a general structure selected from the group consisting of 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal, the polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—C—S linkages. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal, the polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—R3—N—C—S linkages. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophobic component is a monothiol. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the hydrophobic component is a theranostic agent. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hydrophobic component is selected from the group consisting of 15. A hydrogel comprising:
water; and a polymer, comprising:
a plurality of N-J-N or N—C—S repeating units, wherein each J is independently a carbon atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group;
a plurality of hydrophilic groups bonded with the repeating units; and
a plurality of hydrophobic groups bonded with the hydrophilic groups and the repeating units. 16. The hydrogel of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of the hydrophobic groups are theranostic agents. 17. The hydrogel of claim 15, wherein the polymer comprises a portion that is a hexahydrotriazine adduct or a portion that is a PTA adduct. 18. The hydrogel of claim 15, wherein the polymer comprises a portion having a general structure selected from the group consisting of 19. The hydrogel of claim 18, wherein each X is independently a hydrophobic group derived from a precursor selected from the group consisting of 20. The hydrogel of claim 18, wherein the polymer has a general structure selected from the group consisting of | In an embodiment is provided a polymer that includes a plurality of N-J-N or N—C—S repeating units, wherein each J is independently a carbon atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; a plurality of hydrophilic groups bonded with the repeating units; and a plurality of hydrophobic groups bonded with the hydrophilic groups and the repeating units. In another embodiment is provided hydrogels of such polymers. The hydrogels may be used as delivery vehicles for various payloads. In another embodiment is provided methods of forming such polymers.1. A method of forming a polymer, comprising:
reacting a hydrophobic component with a hydrophilic component to form a polymer having hydrophobic sections and hydrophilic sections, the polymer having a general structure selected from the group consisting of 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a thioaminal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—C—S linkages. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—R3—N—C—S linkages. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic component is a monothiol. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the hydrophobic component is a theranostic agent. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the hydrophobic component is selected from the group consisting of 9. A method of forming a polymer, comprising:
reacting a hydrophobic component with a hydrophilic component to form a polymer having hydrophobic sections and hydrophilic sections, the polymer having a general structure selected from the group consisting of 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal, the polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—C—S linkages. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophilic component or the hydrophobic component comprises a polythioaminal, the polythioaminal having repeated S—C—N—R3—N—C—S linkages. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophobic component is a monothiol. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the hydrophobic component is a theranostic agent. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hydrophobic component is selected from the group consisting of 15. A hydrogel comprising:
water; and a polymer, comprising:
a plurality of N-J-N or N—C—S repeating units, wherein each J is independently a carbon atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group;
a plurality of hydrophilic groups bonded with the repeating units; and
a plurality of hydrophobic groups bonded with the hydrophilic groups and the repeating units. 16. The hydrogel of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of the hydrophobic groups are theranostic agents. 17. The hydrogel of claim 15, wherein the polymer comprises a portion that is a hexahydrotriazine adduct or a portion that is a PTA adduct. 18. The hydrogel of claim 15, wherein the polymer comprises a portion having a general structure selected from the group consisting of 19. The hydrogel of claim 18, wherein each X is independently a hydrophobic group derived from a precursor selected from the group consisting of 20. The hydrogel of claim 18, wherein the polymer has a general structure selected from the group consisting of | 2,400 |
344,256 | 16,803,700 | 2,416 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. The UE may receive, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. The UE may generate a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. The UE may determine, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
transmitting, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities; receiving, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; generating a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and determining, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a control channel monitoring span capability, of the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, identifies a minimum distance between a start of two spans and a maximum length of a span of the one or more spans. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot is based at least in part on determining a span length, wherein the span length is based at least in part on the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities and a maximum length of respective control resource sets of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces and common search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more locations are determined based at least in part on combining information indicating locations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions across multiple different slots of the plurality of slots. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a location, of the one or more locations, starts at a first symbol of a first control channel monitoring occasion, of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, across all slots that include the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a last span, of the one or more spans, is shortened when the last span is associated with a span length that would exceed an end of the slot. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a last symbol of the last span is determined as a last symbol of the slot. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot comprises:
mapping a first span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1,
wherein a span length of the one or more spans is equal to a maximum between a maximum value of all control resource set durations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions and a minimum value of maximum span lengths identified by the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the span pattern repeats across multiple slots of the plurality of slots. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more locations of the one or more spans are determined for multiple slots of the plurality of slots, and wherein a first symbol of every span, of the one or more spans, has a monitoring occasion in at least one slot of the multiple slots. 14. A user equipment for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
transmit, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities;
receive, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions;
generate a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and
determine, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 15. The UE of claim 14, wherein a control channel monitoring span capability, of the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, identifies a minimum distance between a start of two spans and a maximum length of a span of the one or more spans. 16. The UE of claim 14, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot is based at least in part on determining a span length, wherein the span length is based at least in part on the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities and a maximum length of respective control resource sets of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 17. The UE of claim 14, wherein a control channel monitoring occasion, of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, is associated with a search space periodicity longer than the slot, and
wherein the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot are based at least in part on the search space periodicity. 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 19. The UE of claim 17, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces and common search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 20. The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more locations are determined based at least in part on combining information indicating locations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions across multiple different slots of the plurality of slots. 21. The UE of claim 17, wherein a location, of the one or more locations, starts at a first symbol of a first control channel monitoring occasion, of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, across all slots that include the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 22. The UE of claim 21, wherein a last span, of the one or more spans, is shortened when the last span is associated with a span length that would exceed an end of the slot. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein a last symbol of the last span is determined as a last symbol of the slot. 24. (canceled) 25. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot, are configured to:
map a first span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1,
wherein a span length of the one or more spans is equal to a maximum between a maximum value of all control resource set durations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions and a minimum value of maximum span lengths identified by the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. 26. The UE of claim 14, wherein the span pattern repeats across multiple slots of the plurality of slots. 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment, cause the one or more processors to:
transmit, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities;
receive, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions;
generate a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and
determine, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the one or more locations are determined based at least in part on combining information indicating locations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions across multiple different slots of the plurality of slots. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for transmitting, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities; means for receiving, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; means for generating a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and means for determining, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans of the slot comprises:
means for mapping a first span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to,
wherein a span length of the one or more spans is equal to a maximum between a maximum value of all control resource set durations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions and a minimum value of maximum span lengths identified by the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot comprises,
mapping a next span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1 and is not included in one or more previous spans of the one or more spans. 32. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in slot, are configured to:
map a next span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1 and is not included in one or more previous spans of the one or more spans. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. The UE may receive, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. The UE may generate a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. The UE may determine, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
transmitting, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities; receiving, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; generating a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and determining, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a control channel monitoring span capability, of the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, identifies a minimum distance between a start of two spans and a maximum length of a span of the one or more spans. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot is based at least in part on determining a span length, wherein the span length is based at least in part on the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities and a maximum length of respective control resource sets of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces and common search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more locations are determined based at least in part on combining information indicating locations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions across multiple different slots of the plurality of slots. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a location, of the one or more locations, starts at a first symbol of a first control channel monitoring occasion, of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, across all slots that include the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a last span, of the one or more spans, is shortened when the last span is associated with a span length that would exceed an end of the slot. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a last symbol of the last span is determined as a last symbol of the slot. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot comprises:
mapping a first span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1,
wherein a span length of the one or more spans is equal to a maximum between a maximum value of all control resource set durations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions and a minimum value of maximum span lengths identified by the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the span pattern repeats across multiple slots of the plurality of slots. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more locations of the one or more spans are determined for multiple slots of the plurality of slots, and wherein a first symbol of every span, of the one or more spans, has a monitoring occasion in at least one slot of the multiple slots. 14. A user equipment for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
transmit, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities;
receive, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions;
generate a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and
determine, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 15. The UE of claim 14, wherein a control channel monitoring span capability, of the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, identifies a minimum distance between a start of two spans and a maximum length of a span of the one or more spans. 16. The UE of claim 14, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot is based at least in part on determining a span length, wherein the span length is based at least in part on the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities and a maximum length of respective control resource sets of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 17. The UE of claim 14, wherein a control channel monitoring occasion, of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, is associated with a search space periodicity longer than the slot, and
wherein the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot are based at least in part on the search space periodicity. 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 19. The UE of claim 17, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations is based at least in part on locations of UE-specific search spaces and common search spaces identified by the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 20. The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more locations are determined based at least in part on combining information indicating locations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions across multiple different slots of the plurality of slots. 21. The UE of claim 17, wherein a location, of the one or more locations, starts at a first symbol of a first control channel monitoring occasion, of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, across all slots that include the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions. 22. The UE of claim 21, wherein a last span, of the one or more spans, is shortened when the last span is associated with a span length that would exceed an end of the slot. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein a last symbol of the last span is determined as a last symbol of the slot. 24. (canceled) 25. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot, are configured to:
map a first span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1,
wherein a span length of the one or more spans is equal to a maximum between a maximum value of all control resource set durations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions and a minimum value of maximum span lengths identified by the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. 26. The UE of claim 14, wherein the span pattern repeats across multiple slots of the plurality of slots. 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment, cause the one or more processors to:
transmit, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities;
receive, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions;
generate a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and
determine, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the one or more locations are determined based at least in part on combining information indicating locations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions across multiple different slots of the plurality of slots. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for transmitting, to a base station, information identifying one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities; means for receiving, from the base station, information identifying a plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; means for generating a bitmap based at least in part on the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions, wherein the bitmap corresponds to a plurality of slots, and wherein an lth bit of the bitmap is equal to 1 when an lth symbol of any slot is part of any control channel monitoring occasion of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions; and means for determining, in accordance with the bitmap and based at least in part on the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities, a span pattern indicating one or more locations of one or more spans in a slot of the plurality of slots. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans of the slot comprises:
means for mapping a first span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to,
wherein a span length of the one or more spans is equal to a maximum between a maximum value of all control resource set durations of the plurality of control channel monitoring occasions and a minimum value of maximum span lengths identified by the information identifying the one or more control channel monitoring span capabilities. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in the slot comprises,
mapping a next span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1 and is not included in one or more previous spans of the one or more spans. 32. The UE of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the span pattern indicating the one or more locations of the one or more spans in slot, are configured to:
map a next span, of the one or more spans, to begin at a smallest lth bit of the bitmap which is equal to 1 and is not included in one or more previous spans of the one or more spans. | 2,400 |
344,257 | 16,803,726 | 2,416 | A dynamic power reduction method and apparatus for use in an ultrasound system are described. In one embodiment, the ultrasound system comprises: a transducer assembly and imaging subsystem having a transmit data path having a transmitter to transmit acoustic signals and a receive data path having including signal acquisition circuitry with a receiver to receive acoustic signals representing echoes; a plurality of real-time signals indicative of status of imaging operations being performed by the transmit and receive paths; a clock generator to generate one or more clocks for use by the transmit and receive data paths; clock gating circuitry coupled to the clock generator and the transmit and receive paths and having circuits to gate clocks to at least one of the transmit and receive paths; and a clock gating controller coupled to the clock gating circuitry to control the circuits to gate or pass clock signals to at least one of the transmit and receive paths automatically in response to receipt of one or more signals from the plurality of real-time signals. | 1. An ultrasound system comprising:
a transducer assembly and imaging subsystem having a transmit data path having a transmitter to transmit acoustic signals and a receive data path having including signal acquisition circuitry with a receiver to receive acoustic signals representing echoes; a plurality of real-time signals indicative of status of imaging operations being performed by the transmit and receive paths; a clock generator to generate one or more clocks for use by the transmit and receive data paths; clock gating circuitry coupled to the clock generator and the transmit and receive paths and having circuits to gate clocks to at least one of the transmit and receive paths; and a clock gating controller coupled to the clock gating circuitry to control the circuits to gate or pass clock signals to at least one of the transmit and receive paths automatically in response to receipt of one or more signals from the plurality of real-time signals. 2. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more signals, to gate a clock to the transmit path to turn off a transmitter of the transmit path after transmitting an acoustic signal for a line and to control the clock gating circuitry to pass a previously gated second clock signal to the receive path to turn on a receiver when valid echo signals are expected to arrive at the receiver. 3. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more signals, to gate clocks to the transmit and receive paths at an end of one frame until another frame is started. 4. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is responsive to a first condition to ignore a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating one or more receive path registers are being programmed, when the imaging mode indicates that reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 5. The ultrasound system defined in claim 4 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the circuits to pass clock signals to the receive path when programming the one or more receive path registers and thereafter not gate the clock signals to the receive path after programming the one or more receive path registers while waiting for valid echo signals return to the transducer if the transducer is in the imaging mode in which reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 6. The ultrasound system defined in claim 5 wherein the imaging mode includes reshooting of a line into an object to obtain a series of data for use in measuring changes in motion in the object on the line. 7. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is responsive to a first condition to ignore a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintain gating of the clocks to the receive path after transmit beams have been transmitted from the transducer, the first condition indicating the transducer is in in ping generation mode. 8. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is responsive to a first condition to ignore a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintain gating of the clocks to the receive path after register programming, the first condition indicating the transducer is in a mode in which one or more receive path registers are program yet no valid echo signal acquisition is to occur. 9. The ultrasound system defined in claim 8 wherein the mode relates to system initialization or a mode change. 10. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the circuits to gate or pass clock signals without intervention of system software. 11. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of signals comprise:
a first signal indicating a user has indicated a desire to freeze the image currently being display on a display of the ultrasound system;
a second signal indicating a start of a line;
a third signal indicating registers are being programmed (the registers being for the receive path);
a fourth signal indicating the receive path has been enabled to receive echoed acoustic signals; and
a fifth signal indicating an end of the line has been reached. 12. A method comprising:
monitoring a plurality of real-time signals indicative of status of imaging operations being performed by the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer during use of the ultrasound transducer; automatic detecting a state in which one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer can be placed in a reduce power consumption state in response to receipt of one or more signals from the plurality of real-time signals; and placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state using clock gating circuitry controlled by the one or more real-time signals. 13. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more of the plurality of real-time signals, to gate a clock to the transmit path to turn off a transmitter of the transmit path after transmitting an acoustic signal for a line and controlling the clock gating circuitry to pass a previously gated second clock signal to the receive path to turn on a receiver when valid echo signals are expected to arrive at the receiver. 14. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more of the real-time signals, to gate clocks to the transmit and receive paths at an end of one frame until another frame is started. 15. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to a first condition, by ignoring a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating one or more receive path registers are being programmed, when the imaging mode indicates that reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 16. The method defined in claim 15 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to the first condition, by passing clock signals to the receive path when programming the one or more receive path registers and thereafter not gate the clock signals to the receive path after programming the one or more receive path registers while waiting for valid echo signals return to the transducer if the transducer is in the imaging mode in which reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 17. The ultrasound system defined in claim 16 wherein the imaging mode includes reshooting of a line into an object to obtain a series of data for use in measuring changes in motion in the object on the line. 18. The ultrasound system defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to a first condition, by ignoring a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintaining gating of the clocks to the receive path after transmit beams have been transmitted from the transducer, the first condition indicating the transducer is in in ping generation mode. 19. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to a first condition, by ignoring a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintain gating of the clocks to the receive path after register programming, the first condition indicating the transducer is in a mode in which one or more receive path registers are program yet no valid echo signal acquisition is to occur. 20. The method defined in claim 19 wherein the mode relates to system initialization or a mode change. 21. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state using clock gating circuitry controlled by the one or more real-time signals comprises controlling the circuits to gate or pass clock signals without intervention of system software. 22. The method defined in claim 12 wherein the plurality of real-time signals comprise:
a first signal indicating a user has indicated a desire to freeze the image currently being display on a display of the ultrasound system;
a second signal indicating a start of a line;
a third signal indicating registers are being programmed (the registers being for the receive path);
a fourth signal indicating the receive path has been enabled to receive echoed acoustic signals; and
a fifth signal indicating an end of the line has been reached. | A dynamic power reduction method and apparatus for use in an ultrasound system are described. In one embodiment, the ultrasound system comprises: a transducer assembly and imaging subsystem having a transmit data path having a transmitter to transmit acoustic signals and a receive data path having including signal acquisition circuitry with a receiver to receive acoustic signals representing echoes; a plurality of real-time signals indicative of status of imaging operations being performed by the transmit and receive paths; a clock generator to generate one or more clocks for use by the transmit and receive data paths; clock gating circuitry coupled to the clock generator and the transmit and receive paths and having circuits to gate clocks to at least one of the transmit and receive paths; and a clock gating controller coupled to the clock gating circuitry to control the circuits to gate or pass clock signals to at least one of the transmit and receive paths automatically in response to receipt of one or more signals from the plurality of real-time signals.1. An ultrasound system comprising:
a transducer assembly and imaging subsystem having a transmit data path having a transmitter to transmit acoustic signals and a receive data path having including signal acquisition circuitry with a receiver to receive acoustic signals representing echoes; a plurality of real-time signals indicative of status of imaging operations being performed by the transmit and receive paths; a clock generator to generate one or more clocks for use by the transmit and receive data paths; clock gating circuitry coupled to the clock generator and the transmit and receive paths and having circuits to gate clocks to at least one of the transmit and receive paths; and a clock gating controller coupled to the clock gating circuitry to control the circuits to gate or pass clock signals to at least one of the transmit and receive paths automatically in response to receipt of one or more signals from the plurality of real-time signals. 2. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more signals, to gate a clock to the transmit path to turn off a transmitter of the transmit path after transmitting an acoustic signal for a line and to control the clock gating circuitry to pass a previously gated second clock signal to the receive path to turn on a receiver when valid echo signals are expected to arrive at the receiver. 3. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more signals, to gate clocks to the transmit and receive paths at an end of one frame until another frame is started. 4. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is responsive to a first condition to ignore a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating one or more receive path registers are being programmed, when the imaging mode indicates that reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 5. The ultrasound system defined in claim 4 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the circuits to pass clock signals to the receive path when programming the one or more receive path registers and thereafter not gate the clock signals to the receive path after programming the one or more receive path registers while waiting for valid echo signals return to the transducer if the transducer is in the imaging mode in which reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 6. The ultrasound system defined in claim 5 wherein the imaging mode includes reshooting of a line into an object to obtain a series of data for use in measuring changes in motion in the object on the line. 7. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is responsive to a first condition to ignore a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintain gating of the clocks to the receive path after transmit beams have been transmitted from the transducer, the first condition indicating the transducer is in in ping generation mode. 8. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is responsive to a first condition to ignore a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintain gating of the clocks to the receive path after register programming, the first condition indicating the transducer is in a mode in which one or more receive path registers are program yet no valid echo signal acquisition is to occur. 9. The ultrasound system defined in claim 8 wherein the mode relates to system initialization or a mode change. 10. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the clock gating controller is configured to control the circuits to gate or pass clock signals without intervention of system software. 11. The ultrasound system defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of signals comprise:
a first signal indicating a user has indicated a desire to freeze the image currently being display on a display of the ultrasound system;
a second signal indicating a start of a line;
a third signal indicating registers are being programmed (the registers being for the receive path);
a fourth signal indicating the receive path has been enabled to receive echoed acoustic signals; and
a fifth signal indicating an end of the line has been reached. 12. A method comprising:
monitoring a plurality of real-time signals indicative of status of imaging operations being performed by the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer during use of the ultrasound transducer; automatic detecting a state in which one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer can be placed in a reduce power consumption state in response to receipt of one or more signals from the plurality of real-time signals; and placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state using clock gating circuitry controlled by the one or more real-time signals. 13. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more of the plurality of real-time signals, to gate a clock to the transmit path to turn off a transmitter of the transmit path after transmitting an acoustic signal for a line and controlling the clock gating circuitry to pass a previously gated second clock signal to the receive path to turn on a receiver when valid echo signals are expected to arrive at the receiver. 14. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, in response to the one or more of the real-time signals, to gate clocks to the transmit and receive paths at an end of one frame until another frame is started. 15. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to a first condition, by ignoring a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating one or more receive path registers are being programmed, when the imaging mode indicates that reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 16. The method defined in claim 15 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to the first condition, by passing clock signals to the receive path when programming the one or more receive path registers and thereafter not gate the clock signals to the receive path after programming the one or more receive path registers while waiting for valid echo signals return to the transducer if the transducer is in the imaging mode in which reprogramming of the one or more receive path registers for transmit and receive operations for successive beams is not needed. 17. The ultrasound system defined in claim 16 wherein the imaging mode includes reshooting of a line into an object to obtain a series of data for use in measuring changes in motion in the object on the line. 18. The ultrasound system defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to a first condition, by ignoring a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintaining gating of the clocks to the receive path after transmit beams have been transmitted from the transducer, the first condition indicating the transducer is in in ping generation mode. 19. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state comprises controlling, using a clock gating controller, the clock gating circuitry, responsive to a first condition, by ignoring a first signal of the plurality of real-time signals indicating a start of the receive operation and maintain gating of the clocks to the receive path after register programming, the first condition indicating the transducer is in a mode in which one or more receive path registers are program yet no valid echo signal acquisition is to occur. 20. The method defined in claim 19 wherein the mode relates to system initialization or a mode change. 21. The method defined in claim 12 wherein placing one or both of the transmit and receive paths of an ultrasound transducer in a reduce power consumption state using clock gating circuitry controlled by the one or more real-time signals comprises controlling the circuits to gate or pass clock signals without intervention of system software. 22. The method defined in claim 12 wherein the plurality of real-time signals comprise:
a first signal indicating a user has indicated a desire to freeze the image currently being display on a display of the ultrasound system;
a second signal indicating a start of a line;
a third signal indicating registers are being programmed (the registers being for the receive path);
a fourth signal indicating the receive path has been enabled to receive echoed acoustic signals; and
a fifth signal indicating an end of the line has been reached. | 2,400 |
344,258 | 16,803,748 | 2,416 | An ESD protection circuit includes a first fin structure having fins of a first conductivity type and a second fin structure having fins of a second conductivity type, the second fin structure being opposed to the first fin structure. A first power interconnect connected with the first fin structure and a signal interconnect connected with the second fin structure are formed in a first interconnect layer, and a second power interconnect connected with the first power interconnect is formed in a second interconnect layer. The width occupied by the second fin structure is greater than that of the first fin structure, and the width of the signal interconnect is greater than that of the first power interconnect. | 1. A semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with fin field effect transistors (FETs) comprising:
an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, 2. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the third direction is identical to the first direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the second direction. 3. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the third direction is identical to the second direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the first direction. 4. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
a number of fins of the second fin structure is greater than a number of fins of the first fin structure. 5. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the first and second fin structures each include a gate formed above the fins to extend in the second direction. 6. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 5, wherein
in the second fin structure, the gate is floating. 7. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the ESD protection circuit includes
a third fin structure placed on at least one side of the second fin structure in the first direction, the third fin structure including a plurality of fins of the first conductivity type that extend in the first direction and are placed side by side in the second direction, and
the third fin structure is supplied with power via the first and second power interconnects. 8. A semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) comprising:
an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, 9. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
the third direction is identical to the first direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the second direction. 10. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
the third direction is identical to the second direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the first direction. 11. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
a number of rows of pads of the second pad structure in the second direction is greater than a number of rows of pads of the first pad structure in the second direction. 12. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 9, wherein
the first and second pad structures each include a structural unit having the pads and nanowires alternately lining up in the first direction and a gate formed to surround the nanowires and extend in the second direction. 13. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 12, wherein
in the second pad structure, the gate is floating. 14. A semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with fin field effect transistors (FETs) comprising:
an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, | An ESD protection circuit includes a first fin structure having fins of a first conductivity type and a second fin structure having fins of a second conductivity type, the second fin structure being opposed to the first fin structure. A first power interconnect connected with the first fin structure and a signal interconnect connected with the second fin structure are formed in a first interconnect layer, and a second power interconnect connected with the first power interconnect is formed in a second interconnect layer. The width occupied by the second fin structure is greater than that of the first fin structure, and the width of the signal interconnect is greater than that of the first power interconnect.1. A semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with fin field effect transistors (FETs) comprising:
an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, 2. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the third direction is identical to the first direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the second direction. 3. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the third direction is identical to the second direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the first direction. 4. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
a number of fins of the second fin structure is greater than a number of fins of the first fin structure. 5. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the first and second fin structures each include a gate formed above the fins to extend in the second direction. 6. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 5, wherein
in the second fin structure, the gate is floating. 7. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 1, wherein
the ESD protection circuit includes
a third fin structure placed on at least one side of the second fin structure in the first direction, the third fin structure including a plurality of fins of the first conductivity type that extend in the first direction and are placed side by side in the second direction, and
the third fin structure is supplied with power via the first and second power interconnects. 8. A semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) comprising:
an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, 9. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
the third direction is identical to the first direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the second direction. 10. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
the third direction is identical to the second direction, and the fourth direction is identical to the first direction. 11. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 8, wherein
a number of rows of pads of the second pad structure in the second direction is greater than a number of rows of pads of the first pad structure in the second direction. 12. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 9, wherein
the first and second pad structures each include a structural unit having the pads and nanowires alternately lining up in the first direction and a gate formed to surround the nanowires and extend in the second direction. 13. The semiconductor integrated circuit device of claim 12, wherein
in the second pad structure, the gate is floating. 14. A semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with fin field effect transistors (FETs) comprising:
an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, | 2,400 |
344,259 | 16,803,733 | 2,416 | Technology neutral coexistence and high priority traffic is disclosed for use in unlicensed frequency bands. Synchronization boundaries are defined in which synchronous contention windows across all radio access technologies attempting access to a shared communication channel occur periodically. Between the synchronous contention windows, the nodes may return to asynchronous access procedures. Such synchronous access procedures may be applicable to certain power classes or deployment type nodes. Additionally, various priority schemes for the synchronous contention window may be used to ensure protection of higher priority nodes or traffic, such as ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) traffic. According to certain aspects, the deployment of such synchronous access methodology may be triggered via signaling from initiating devices. Additional aspects may provide for a technology neutral receiver protection mechanism by defining resources for protection signaling during receiver protection intervals between successive synchronous contention windows. | 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines a synchronous contention window and periodicity for synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; identifying, by the wireless node, a next synchronous contention window according to the synchronization boundary configuration using an absolute system timing reference; initiating, by the wireless node, a synchronous contention procedure at the next synchronous contention window; conducting, by the wireless node, transmissions according to a result of the synchronous contention procedure; and returning, by the wireless node, to asynchronous access contention for one or more asynchronous contention windows after the next synchronous contention window and prior to a subsequent synchronous contention window. 2. The method of claim 1, further including:
ceasing, by the wireless node, all current transmissions on the shared communication channel in response to identification of the next synchronous contention window, wherein the initiating the synchronous contention procedure is performed after the ceasing. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronous access contention according to the obtaining, the identifying, the initiating, the conducting, and the returning is performed in response to a predetermined node class of the wireless node, wherein the predetermined node class includes one or more of: a power class and a deployment location. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the periodicity is defined for one or more maximum channel occupancy times (MCOTs). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronous contention procedure determines access to the shared communication channel according to one of:
a listen before talk (LBT) procedure between one or more equal priority wireless nodes of the one or more radio access technologies; a rotating priority, wherein one or more wireless nodes of the one or more radio access technologies are divided into one or more access groups for which a priority sequence rotates between each of the one or more access groups every synchronous contention window; or a fixed priority, wherein a priority access type is assigned to each of one or more priority wireless nodes having high priority traffic, and a low-priority access type is assigned to each of one or more nodes not having the high priority traffic. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the conducting the transmissions includes:
switching access to another shared communication channel for the transmissions in response to the result of the synchronous contention procedure including the wireless node having the low-priority access type detecting a priority wireless node with a priority access type contending for the shared communication channel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the synchronization boundary configuration includes receiving the synchronization boundary configuration from a synchronization initiating node. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the absolute system timing reference is obtained according to one of:
autonomously determining the absolute system timing reference within the wireless node; receiving the absolute system timing reference from a neighboring node in a same radio access technology as the wireless node; receiving the absolute system timing reference in a separate radio access technology signal received at the wireless node; or monitoring for the absolute system timing reference in a detected signal from a different radio access technology. 9. The method of claim 1, further including:
detecting, by the wireless node, success of the synchronous contention procedure; transmitting, by the wireless node, a signaling grant to a receiver node, wherein the signaling grant provides resources for the receiver node to transmit protection signals prior to an end of the next synchronous contention window. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the signaling grant further provides a plurality of additional resources for the receiver node to transmit the protection signals at intervals between the next synchronization contention window and the subsequent synchronization contention window. 11. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines synchronous access parameters for periodic synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; attempting, by the wireless node, transmissions on the shared communication channel using a synchronous contention procedure at a next synchronous contention window determined according to the synchronous access parameters; configuring, by the wireless node in response to detection of data for transmission in a buffer of the wireless node, one or more preferred contention windows between the next synchronous contention window and the subsequent synchronous contention window; attempting, by the wireless node, access of the shared communication channel for further transmissions of the data at a next preferred contention window of the one or more preferred contention windows; and in response to success of the access, ceasing, by the wireless node, the further transmissions at a boundary of a subsequent preferred contention window of the one or more preferred contention windows when a portion of the data remains in the buffer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the synchronous access parameters further define a synchronous periodicity between the next synchronous contention window and the subsequent synchronous contention window as a multiple of a maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT) for the shared communication channel and a preferred periodicity between each of the one or more preferred contention windows as a single MCOT. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
failing to detect, by the wireless node, the data in the buffer; returning, by the wireless node, to asynchronous access contention for one or more asynchronous contention windows after the next synchronous contention window and prior to the subsequent synchronous contention window; attempting, by the wireless node, other transmissions of new data in the buffer using an asynchronous contention procedure at a next asynchronous contention window of the one or more asynchronous contention windows outside of the one or more preferred contention windows; and continuing, by the wireless node, the other transmission of the new data after success of the asynchronous contention procedure beyond a boundary of the subsequent preferred synchronous contention window when remaining data of the new data remains in the buffer at the boundary. 14. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines a synchronous contention window and periodicity for synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; identifying, by the wireless node, a next synchronous contention window according to the synchronization boundary configuration using an absolute system timing reference; initiating, by the wireless node, a synchronous contention procedure at the next synchronous contention window; conducting, by the wireless node, transmissions using synchronous transmission parameters according to a result of the synchronous contention procedure; and returning, by the wireless node, to asynchronous access contention for one or more asynchronous contention windows after the next synchronous contention window and prior to a subsequent synchronous contention window. 15. The method of claim 14, further including:
determining, by the wireless node, to perform the identifying, the initiating, and the conducting in response to detection of a communication state of the wireless node identified for synchronous access. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the communication state includes one or more of:
a maximum threshold number of failed attempts to access the shared communication channel; or a data buffer filled above a threshold amount of data for transmission. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the synchronous transmission parameters include one or more of: maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT), and backoff window, and
wherein the synchronous transmission parameters are more favorable than asynchronous transmission parameters used in transmissions according to the asynchronous access contention. 18. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines synchronous access parameters for periodic synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; deriving, by the wireless node, a plurality of synchronizing boundaries based on the synchronous access parameters relative to an absolute timing reference, wherein the synchronous access parameters include a synchronizing boundary location and a periodicity of the plurality of synchronizing boundaries; determining, by the wireless node, a condition at the wireless node associated with synchronous operation; initiating, by the wireless node in response to the condition, a synchronous contention procedure during a current synchronization period between a last prior synchronizing boundary and a next current synchronizing boundary at the end of the current synchronization period; participating, by the wireless node, in a communication burst in response to success of the synchronous contention procedure, wherein a length of the communication burst is set by the wireless node up to a maximum length of two times the periodicity; and stopping, by the wireless node, the participating in the communication burst at a next synchronizing boundary after the length. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the communication burst includes:
idle time during the synchronous contention procedure; transmission time of the wireless node; reception time of the wireless node; and switching time between the transmission time and the reception time. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the length of the communication burst is defined according to a predefined percentage of the two times the periodicity. 21. The method of claim 20, further including:
determining, by the wireless node, an available length for the communication burst, wherein the available length includes an available transmission time between the synchronous contention procedure and the next synchronizing boundary; ending, by the wireless node, the communication burst at the next current synchronization boundary in response to one of:
the available length exceeding the predefined percentage of the two times the periodicity, wherein the participating and the stopping are in response to the available length satisfying the predefined percentage of the two time the periodicity, and
the synchronous contention procedure occurs at the last prior synchronization boundary. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the synchronous access parameters further define periodic synchronizing super boundaries within the plurality of synchronizing boundaries located at a super periodicity within the plurality. 23. The method of claim 22, further including:
ending, by the wireless node, the communication burst at a next synchronizing super boundary without regard to the length set by the wireless node. | Technology neutral coexistence and high priority traffic is disclosed for use in unlicensed frequency bands. Synchronization boundaries are defined in which synchronous contention windows across all radio access technologies attempting access to a shared communication channel occur periodically. Between the synchronous contention windows, the nodes may return to asynchronous access procedures. Such synchronous access procedures may be applicable to certain power classes or deployment type nodes. Additionally, various priority schemes for the synchronous contention window may be used to ensure protection of higher priority nodes or traffic, such as ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) traffic. According to certain aspects, the deployment of such synchronous access methodology may be triggered via signaling from initiating devices. Additional aspects may provide for a technology neutral receiver protection mechanism by defining resources for protection signaling during receiver protection intervals between successive synchronous contention windows.1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines a synchronous contention window and periodicity for synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; identifying, by the wireless node, a next synchronous contention window according to the synchronization boundary configuration using an absolute system timing reference; initiating, by the wireless node, a synchronous contention procedure at the next synchronous contention window; conducting, by the wireless node, transmissions according to a result of the synchronous contention procedure; and returning, by the wireless node, to asynchronous access contention for one or more asynchronous contention windows after the next synchronous contention window and prior to a subsequent synchronous contention window. 2. The method of claim 1, further including:
ceasing, by the wireless node, all current transmissions on the shared communication channel in response to identification of the next synchronous contention window, wherein the initiating the synchronous contention procedure is performed after the ceasing. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronous access contention according to the obtaining, the identifying, the initiating, the conducting, and the returning is performed in response to a predetermined node class of the wireless node, wherein the predetermined node class includes one or more of: a power class and a deployment location. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the periodicity is defined for one or more maximum channel occupancy times (MCOTs). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronous contention procedure determines access to the shared communication channel according to one of:
a listen before talk (LBT) procedure between one or more equal priority wireless nodes of the one or more radio access technologies; a rotating priority, wherein one or more wireless nodes of the one or more radio access technologies are divided into one or more access groups for which a priority sequence rotates between each of the one or more access groups every synchronous contention window; or a fixed priority, wherein a priority access type is assigned to each of one or more priority wireless nodes having high priority traffic, and a low-priority access type is assigned to each of one or more nodes not having the high priority traffic. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the conducting the transmissions includes:
switching access to another shared communication channel for the transmissions in response to the result of the synchronous contention procedure including the wireless node having the low-priority access type detecting a priority wireless node with a priority access type contending for the shared communication channel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the synchronization boundary configuration includes receiving the synchronization boundary configuration from a synchronization initiating node. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the absolute system timing reference is obtained according to one of:
autonomously determining the absolute system timing reference within the wireless node; receiving the absolute system timing reference from a neighboring node in a same radio access technology as the wireless node; receiving the absolute system timing reference in a separate radio access technology signal received at the wireless node; or monitoring for the absolute system timing reference in a detected signal from a different radio access technology. 9. The method of claim 1, further including:
detecting, by the wireless node, success of the synchronous contention procedure; transmitting, by the wireless node, a signaling grant to a receiver node, wherein the signaling grant provides resources for the receiver node to transmit protection signals prior to an end of the next synchronous contention window. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the signaling grant further provides a plurality of additional resources for the receiver node to transmit the protection signals at intervals between the next synchronization contention window and the subsequent synchronization contention window. 11. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines synchronous access parameters for periodic synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; attempting, by the wireless node, transmissions on the shared communication channel using a synchronous contention procedure at a next synchronous contention window determined according to the synchronous access parameters; configuring, by the wireless node in response to detection of data for transmission in a buffer of the wireless node, one or more preferred contention windows between the next synchronous contention window and the subsequent synchronous contention window; attempting, by the wireless node, access of the shared communication channel for further transmissions of the data at a next preferred contention window of the one or more preferred contention windows; and in response to success of the access, ceasing, by the wireless node, the further transmissions at a boundary of a subsequent preferred contention window of the one or more preferred contention windows when a portion of the data remains in the buffer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the synchronous access parameters further define a synchronous periodicity between the next synchronous contention window and the subsequent synchronous contention window as a multiple of a maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT) for the shared communication channel and a preferred periodicity between each of the one or more preferred contention windows as a single MCOT. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
failing to detect, by the wireless node, the data in the buffer; returning, by the wireless node, to asynchronous access contention for one or more asynchronous contention windows after the next synchronous contention window and prior to the subsequent synchronous contention window; attempting, by the wireless node, other transmissions of new data in the buffer using an asynchronous contention procedure at a next asynchronous contention window of the one or more asynchronous contention windows outside of the one or more preferred contention windows; and continuing, by the wireless node, the other transmission of the new data after success of the asynchronous contention procedure beyond a boundary of the subsequent preferred synchronous contention window when remaining data of the new data remains in the buffer at the boundary. 14. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines a synchronous contention window and periodicity for synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; identifying, by the wireless node, a next synchronous contention window according to the synchronization boundary configuration using an absolute system timing reference; initiating, by the wireless node, a synchronous contention procedure at the next synchronous contention window; conducting, by the wireless node, transmissions using synchronous transmission parameters according to a result of the synchronous contention procedure; and returning, by the wireless node, to asynchronous access contention for one or more asynchronous contention windows after the next synchronous contention window and prior to a subsequent synchronous contention window. 15. The method of claim 14, further including:
determining, by the wireless node, to perform the identifying, the initiating, and the conducting in response to detection of a communication state of the wireless node identified for synchronous access. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the communication state includes one or more of:
a maximum threshold number of failed attempts to access the shared communication channel; or a data buffer filled above a threshold amount of data for transmission. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the synchronous transmission parameters include one or more of: maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT), and backoff window, and
wherein the synchronous transmission parameters are more favorable than asynchronous transmission parameters used in transmissions according to the asynchronous access contention. 18. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
obtaining, by a wireless node, a synchronization boundary configuration for a shared communication channel, wherein the synchronization boundary configuration defines synchronous access parameters for periodic synchronous access contention by all accessing nodes of one or more radio access technologies; deriving, by the wireless node, a plurality of synchronizing boundaries based on the synchronous access parameters relative to an absolute timing reference, wherein the synchronous access parameters include a synchronizing boundary location and a periodicity of the plurality of synchronizing boundaries; determining, by the wireless node, a condition at the wireless node associated with synchronous operation; initiating, by the wireless node in response to the condition, a synchronous contention procedure during a current synchronization period between a last prior synchronizing boundary and a next current synchronizing boundary at the end of the current synchronization period; participating, by the wireless node, in a communication burst in response to success of the synchronous contention procedure, wherein a length of the communication burst is set by the wireless node up to a maximum length of two times the periodicity; and stopping, by the wireless node, the participating in the communication burst at a next synchronizing boundary after the length. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the communication burst includes:
idle time during the synchronous contention procedure; transmission time of the wireless node; reception time of the wireless node; and switching time between the transmission time and the reception time. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the length of the communication burst is defined according to a predefined percentage of the two times the periodicity. 21. The method of claim 20, further including:
determining, by the wireless node, an available length for the communication burst, wherein the available length includes an available transmission time between the synchronous contention procedure and the next synchronizing boundary; ending, by the wireless node, the communication burst at the next current synchronization boundary in response to one of:
the available length exceeding the predefined percentage of the two times the periodicity, wherein the participating and the stopping are in response to the available length satisfying the predefined percentage of the two time the periodicity, and
the synchronous contention procedure occurs at the last prior synchronization boundary. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the synchronous access parameters further define periodic synchronizing super boundaries within the plurality of synchronizing boundaries located at a super periodicity within the plurality. 23. The method of claim 22, further including:
ending, by the wireless node, the communication burst at a next synchronizing super boundary without regard to the length set by the wireless node. | 2,400 |
344,260 | 16,803,760 | 2,416 | A car window circuit is provided. The car window circuit provides a closed-circuit voltage step up converter that increases the car window movement speed of slow or old window power circuits. The car window circuit contains a DC converter module, a case, an electrical input, an electrical output, and a circuit check module. The DC converter module resides within the case, serving as the voltage step up converter. The electrical input, the electrical output, and a ground wiring are electrically connected to the DC converter module. The circuit check module is electrically connected between the electrical input and the DC converter module, serving as the car window circuit voltage regulator. When installed to a window power circuit, the car window circuit will indicate successful installation through the activation and illumination of a power indicator LED and a bridge indicator LED. | 1. A car window circuit comprising:
a DC converter module; a case; an electrical input; an electrical output; a circuit check module; the DC converter module being positioned within the case; the electrical input being electrically connected to the DC converter module; the electrical output being electrically connected to the DC converter module; and the circuit check module being electrically connected between the electrical input and the DC converter module; wherein the circuit check module is configured to determine whether the car window circuit is capable of operating at a specified voltage threshold. 2. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the case comprising a case body and a cover; and
the case body being connected adjacent to the cover. 3. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the case body comprising an electronics cavity, an electronics mounting surface, at least one electronics mounting bracket, a seal mounting tab, and a plurality of vent apertures;
the electronics cavity being positioned within the case body;
the electronics mounting surface being positioned within the electronics cavity;
the at least one electronics mounting bracket being connected on the electronics mounting surface;
the seal mounting tab being connected to the case body opposite to the electronics mounting surface;
the seal mounting tab being positioned between the case body and the cover; and
the plurality of vent apertures traversing through the case body. 4. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the cover comprising a wire aperture;
the wire aperture traversing through the cover; and
the wire aperture being aligned with a seal mounting tab of the case body. 5. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the case comprising at least one light aperture, and a fuse aperture;
the at least one light aperture traversing through the case; and
the fuse aperture traversing through the case. 6. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a circuit breaker connector;
the circuit breaker connector comprising an electrical input terminal and an electrical output terminal;
the electrical input terminal being electrically connected with the electrical input; and
the electrical output terminal being electrically connected with the electrical output. 7. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a fuse; and
the fuse being electrically connected between the electrical input and the circuit check module. 8. The car window circuit as claimed in claims 1 comprising:
a fuse connector;
a fuse;
the case comprising a fuse aperture;
the fuse connector being electrically connected between the electrical input and the circuit check module;
the fuse being electrically connected with the fuse connector; and
the fuse connector being aligned with the fuse aperture. 9. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a power indicator;
a bridge indicator;
the case comprising at least one light aperture;
the power indicator being electrically connected with the circuit check module;
the bridge indicator being electrically connected with the circuit check module; and
the power indicator and the bridge indicator each being aligned with one of the at least one light aperture. 10. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a grommet;
a case body of the case comprising a seal mounting tab;
a cover of the case comprising a wire aperture; and
the grommet being connected between the seal mounting tab and the wire aperture. 11. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a ground; and
the ground being electrically connected to the DC converter module. 12. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
an electronics board; and
the electronics board being connected adjacent to an electronics mounting bracket of the case. 13. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a heatsink; and
the heatsink being connected adjacent to the DC converter module and the circuit check module. | A car window circuit is provided. The car window circuit provides a closed-circuit voltage step up converter that increases the car window movement speed of slow or old window power circuits. The car window circuit contains a DC converter module, a case, an electrical input, an electrical output, and a circuit check module. The DC converter module resides within the case, serving as the voltage step up converter. The electrical input, the electrical output, and a ground wiring are electrically connected to the DC converter module. The circuit check module is electrically connected between the electrical input and the DC converter module, serving as the car window circuit voltage regulator. When installed to a window power circuit, the car window circuit will indicate successful installation through the activation and illumination of a power indicator LED and a bridge indicator LED.1. A car window circuit comprising:
a DC converter module; a case; an electrical input; an electrical output; a circuit check module; the DC converter module being positioned within the case; the electrical input being electrically connected to the DC converter module; the electrical output being electrically connected to the DC converter module; and the circuit check module being electrically connected between the electrical input and the DC converter module; wherein the circuit check module is configured to determine whether the car window circuit is capable of operating at a specified voltage threshold. 2. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the case comprising a case body and a cover; and
the case body being connected adjacent to the cover. 3. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the case body comprising an electronics cavity, an electronics mounting surface, at least one electronics mounting bracket, a seal mounting tab, and a plurality of vent apertures;
the electronics cavity being positioned within the case body;
the electronics mounting surface being positioned within the electronics cavity;
the at least one electronics mounting bracket being connected on the electronics mounting surface;
the seal mounting tab being connected to the case body opposite to the electronics mounting surface;
the seal mounting tab being positioned between the case body and the cover; and
the plurality of vent apertures traversing through the case body. 4. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the cover comprising a wire aperture;
the wire aperture traversing through the cover; and
the wire aperture being aligned with a seal mounting tab of the case body. 5. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the case comprising at least one light aperture, and a fuse aperture;
the at least one light aperture traversing through the case; and
the fuse aperture traversing through the case. 6. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a circuit breaker connector;
the circuit breaker connector comprising an electrical input terminal and an electrical output terminal;
the electrical input terminal being electrically connected with the electrical input; and
the electrical output terminal being electrically connected with the electrical output. 7. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a fuse; and
the fuse being electrically connected between the electrical input and the circuit check module. 8. The car window circuit as claimed in claims 1 comprising:
a fuse connector;
a fuse;
the case comprising a fuse aperture;
the fuse connector being electrically connected between the electrical input and the circuit check module;
the fuse being electrically connected with the fuse connector; and
the fuse connector being aligned with the fuse aperture. 9. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a power indicator;
a bridge indicator;
the case comprising at least one light aperture;
the power indicator being electrically connected with the circuit check module;
the bridge indicator being electrically connected with the circuit check module; and
the power indicator and the bridge indicator each being aligned with one of the at least one light aperture. 10. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a grommet;
a case body of the case comprising a seal mounting tab;
a cover of the case comprising a wire aperture; and
the grommet being connected between the seal mounting tab and the wire aperture. 11. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a ground; and
the ground being electrically connected to the DC converter module. 12. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
an electronics board; and
the electronics board being connected adjacent to an electronics mounting bracket of the case. 13. The car window circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a heatsink; and
the heatsink being connected adjacent to the DC converter module and the circuit check module. | 2,400 |
344,261 | 16,803,750 | 2,416 | A flexible display device including a first display area including first data lines arranged in a first direction, first scan lines arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and first pixels arranged in regions defined by the first data lines and the first scan lines, a second display area including second data lines arranged in the first direction, second scan lines arranged in the second direction, and second pixels arranged in regions defined by the second data lines and the second scan lines, a first bending area disposed between the first and second display areas, a first circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the first display area, a second circuit unit disposed adjacent to a second side of the first display area, and a third circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the second display area. | 1. A flexible display device comprising:
a first display area including first data lines arranged in a first direction, first scan lines arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and first pixels arranged in regions defined by the first data lines and the first scan lines; a second display area including second data lines arranged in the first direction, second scan lines arranged in the second direction, and second pixels arranged in regions defined by the second data lines and the second scan lines; a first bending area disposed between the first and second display areas; a first circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the first display area; a second circuit unit disposed adjacent to a second side of the first display area; and a third circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the second display area. 2. The flexible display device of claim 1, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply first scan signals to the first scan lines of the first display area; the second circuit unit is configured to apply first data voltages to the first data lines of the first display area; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply second scan signals to the second scan lines of the second display area. 3. The flexible display device of claim 2, further comprising first data connecting lines disposed in the first bending area and connected to the first data lines and the second data lines. 4. The flexible display device of claim 3, wherein:
the first circuit unit is further configured to apply the first scan signals to the first scan lines during a first period; and the third circuit unit is further configured to apply the second scan signals to the second scan lines during a second period. 5. The flexible display device of claim 4, wherein the second circuit unit is configured to apply the first data voltages to the first data lines, the first connecting lines, and the second data lines during the first period, and apply second data voltages to the first data lines, the first connecting lines, and the second data lines during the second period. 6. The flexible display device of claim 3, further comprising
carry signal lines disposed in the first bending area and connected to the first and second circuit units. 7. The flexible display device of claim 6, wherein the first circuit unit is configured to apply a scan signal to a nearest first scan line from the second display area as a carry signal. 8. The flexible display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a pad area including first routing lines connected to the second circuit unit and pads connected to the first routing lines; and a flexible circuit board attached on the pads, wherein the second circuit unit is disposed between the pad area and the first display area. 9. The flexible display device of claim 2, further comprising a fourth circuit unit disposed in the first bending area,
wherein the fourth circuit unit is configured to apply second data voltages to the second data lines of the second display area. 10. The flexible display device of claim 9, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply the first scan signals to the first scan lines during a first period; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply the second scan signals to the second scan lines during a second period. 11. The flexible display device of claim 10, wherein:
the second circuit unit is configured to apply the first data voltages to the first data lines during the first period; and the fourth circuit unit is configured to apply the second data voltages to the second data lines during the second period. 12. The flexible display device of claim 3, further comprising
first scan connecting lines disposed in the first bending area and connected to the first scan lines and the second scan lines. 13. The flexible display device of claim 12, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply first data voltages to the first data lines of the first display area; the second circuit unit is configured to apply first scan signals to the first scan lines, the first scan connecting lines, and the second scan lines of the first display area; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply second data voltages to the second data lines of the second display area. 14. The flexible display device of claim 1, wherein:
the first display area is disposed on a first side of the second circuit unit; and the second display area is disposed on a second side of the second circuit unit opposing the first side of the second circuit unit. 15. The flexible display device of claim 14, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply first scan signals to the first scan lines of the first display area; the second circuit unit is configured to apply first data voltages to the first data lines of the first display area and second data voltages to the second data lines of the second display area; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply second scan signals to the second scan lines of the second display area. 16. The flexible display device of claim 15, further comprising:
pads disposed in the first bending area and electrically connected to the second circuit unit; and a flexible circuit board attached on the pads. 17. The flexible display device of claim 15, further comprising a third display area including third data lines arranged in the first direction, third scan lines arranged in the second direction, and third pixels arranged in regions defined by the third data lines and the third scan lines,
wherein the first bending area is disposed between the third display area and the first display area. 18. An optical device comprising:
a lens including a first surface and a plurality of sides; a display panel disposed on at least two sides of the lens; and a plurality of reflective members disposed in the lens to reflect light from the display panel to the first surface, wherein the display panel includes:
a first display area disposed on a first side of the lens to provide light to the first side of the lens; and
a second display area disposed on a second side of the lens extending from one end of the first side to provide light to the second side of the lens. 19. The optical device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of reflective members include:
a first reflective member to reflect light emitted from the first display area and incident through the first side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens; and a second reflective member to reflect light emitted from the second display area and incident through the second side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens. 20. The optical device of claim 19, wherein the display panel further includes:
a first bending area between the first and second display areas; a third display area disposed on a third side of the lens extending from one end of the second side of the lens to provide light to the third side of the lens; a second bending area disposed between the second and third display areas; a fourth display area disposed on a fourth side of the lens extending from one end of the third side of the lens to provide light to the fourth side of the lens; and a third bending area disposed between the third and fourth display areas. 21. The optical device of claim 20, wherein the plurality of reflective members further include:
a third reflective member to reflect light emitted from the third display area and incident through the third side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens; and a fourth reflective member to reflect light emitted from the fourth display area and incident through the fourth side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens. 22. The optical device of claim 21, further comprising:
a first flexible circuit board attached to one end of the first display area adjacent to the fourth display area; and a second flexible circuit board attached to one end of the fourth display area adjacent to the first display area. 23. The optical device of claim 19, wherein the display panel further includes:
a third display area disposed on a third side of the lens extending from the other end of the first side of the lens to provide light to the third side of the lens; a first bending area disposed between the first and third display areas; a fourth display area disposed on a fourth side of the lens extending form the other end of the second side of the lens to provide light to the fourth side of the lens; and a second bending area disposed between the second and fourth display areas. 24. The optical device of claim 23, wherein the plurality of reflective members include:
a third reflective member to reflect light emitted from the third display area and incident through the third side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens; and a fourth reflective member to reflect light emitted from the fourth display area and incident through the fourth side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens. 25. The optical device of claim 23, further comprising a first flexible circuit board attached to a pad area between the first display area and the second display area. 26. An optical device comprising:
a first lens including a first surface and a plurality of sides; a second lens including a first surface and a plurality of sides; a display panel including a first display area disposed on one of the sides of the first lens, a second display area disposed on one of the sides of the second lens, and a first bending area disposed between the first and second display areas; a first reflective member disposed in the first lens to reflect light from the first display area toward the first surface of the first lens; and a second reflective member disposed in the second lens to reflect light from the second display area toward the first surface of the second lens. | A flexible display device including a first display area including first data lines arranged in a first direction, first scan lines arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and first pixels arranged in regions defined by the first data lines and the first scan lines, a second display area including second data lines arranged in the first direction, second scan lines arranged in the second direction, and second pixels arranged in regions defined by the second data lines and the second scan lines, a first bending area disposed between the first and second display areas, a first circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the first display area, a second circuit unit disposed adjacent to a second side of the first display area, and a third circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the second display area.1. A flexible display device comprising:
a first display area including first data lines arranged in a first direction, first scan lines arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and first pixels arranged in regions defined by the first data lines and the first scan lines; a second display area including second data lines arranged in the first direction, second scan lines arranged in the second direction, and second pixels arranged in regions defined by the second data lines and the second scan lines; a first bending area disposed between the first and second display areas; a first circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the first display area; a second circuit unit disposed adjacent to a second side of the first display area; and a third circuit unit disposed adjacent to a first side of the second display area. 2. The flexible display device of claim 1, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply first scan signals to the first scan lines of the first display area; the second circuit unit is configured to apply first data voltages to the first data lines of the first display area; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply second scan signals to the second scan lines of the second display area. 3. The flexible display device of claim 2, further comprising first data connecting lines disposed in the first bending area and connected to the first data lines and the second data lines. 4. The flexible display device of claim 3, wherein:
the first circuit unit is further configured to apply the first scan signals to the first scan lines during a first period; and the third circuit unit is further configured to apply the second scan signals to the second scan lines during a second period. 5. The flexible display device of claim 4, wherein the second circuit unit is configured to apply the first data voltages to the first data lines, the first connecting lines, and the second data lines during the first period, and apply second data voltages to the first data lines, the first connecting lines, and the second data lines during the second period. 6. The flexible display device of claim 3, further comprising
carry signal lines disposed in the first bending area and connected to the first and second circuit units. 7. The flexible display device of claim 6, wherein the first circuit unit is configured to apply a scan signal to a nearest first scan line from the second display area as a carry signal. 8. The flexible display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a pad area including first routing lines connected to the second circuit unit and pads connected to the first routing lines; and a flexible circuit board attached on the pads, wherein the second circuit unit is disposed between the pad area and the first display area. 9. The flexible display device of claim 2, further comprising a fourth circuit unit disposed in the first bending area,
wherein the fourth circuit unit is configured to apply second data voltages to the second data lines of the second display area. 10. The flexible display device of claim 9, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply the first scan signals to the first scan lines during a first period; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply the second scan signals to the second scan lines during a second period. 11. The flexible display device of claim 10, wherein:
the second circuit unit is configured to apply the first data voltages to the first data lines during the first period; and the fourth circuit unit is configured to apply the second data voltages to the second data lines during the second period. 12. The flexible display device of claim 3, further comprising
first scan connecting lines disposed in the first bending area and connected to the first scan lines and the second scan lines. 13. The flexible display device of claim 12, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply first data voltages to the first data lines of the first display area; the second circuit unit is configured to apply first scan signals to the first scan lines, the first scan connecting lines, and the second scan lines of the first display area; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply second data voltages to the second data lines of the second display area. 14. The flexible display device of claim 1, wherein:
the first display area is disposed on a first side of the second circuit unit; and the second display area is disposed on a second side of the second circuit unit opposing the first side of the second circuit unit. 15. The flexible display device of claim 14, wherein:
the first circuit unit is configured to apply first scan signals to the first scan lines of the first display area; the second circuit unit is configured to apply first data voltages to the first data lines of the first display area and second data voltages to the second data lines of the second display area; and the third circuit unit is configured to apply second scan signals to the second scan lines of the second display area. 16. The flexible display device of claim 15, further comprising:
pads disposed in the first bending area and electrically connected to the second circuit unit; and a flexible circuit board attached on the pads. 17. The flexible display device of claim 15, further comprising a third display area including third data lines arranged in the first direction, third scan lines arranged in the second direction, and third pixels arranged in regions defined by the third data lines and the third scan lines,
wherein the first bending area is disposed between the third display area and the first display area. 18. An optical device comprising:
a lens including a first surface and a plurality of sides; a display panel disposed on at least two sides of the lens; and a plurality of reflective members disposed in the lens to reflect light from the display panel to the first surface, wherein the display panel includes:
a first display area disposed on a first side of the lens to provide light to the first side of the lens; and
a second display area disposed on a second side of the lens extending from one end of the first side to provide light to the second side of the lens. 19. The optical device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of reflective members include:
a first reflective member to reflect light emitted from the first display area and incident through the first side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens; and a second reflective member to reflect light emitted from the second display area and incident through the second side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens. 20. The optical device of claim 19, wherein the display panel further includes:
a first bending area between the first and second display areas; a third display area disposed on a third side of the lens extending from one end of the second side of the lens to provide light to the third side of the lens; a second bending area disposed between the second and third display areas; a fourth display area disposed on a fourth side of the lens extending from one end of the third side of the lens to provide light to the fourth side of the lens; and a third bending area disposed between the third and fourth display areas. 21. The optical device of claim 20, wherein the plurality of reflective members further include:
a third reflective member to reflect light emitted from the third display area and incident through the third side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens; and a fourth reflective member to reflect light emitted from the fourth display area and incident through the fourth side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens. 22. The optical device of claim 21, further comprising:
a first flexible circuit board attached to one end of the first display area adjacent to the fourth display area; and a second flexible circuit board attached to one end of the fourth display area adjacent to the first display area. 23. The optical device of claim 19, wherein the display panel further includes:
a third display area disposed on a third side of the lens extending from the other end of the first side of the lens to provide light to the third side of the lens; a first bending area disposed between the first and third display areas; a fourth display area disposed on a fourth side of the lens extending form the other end of the second side of the lens to provide light to the fourth side of the lens; and a second bending area disposed between the second and fourth display areas. 24. The optical device of claim 23, wherein the plurality of reflective members include:
a third reflective member to reflect light emitted from the third display area and incident through the third side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens; and a fourth reflective member to reflect light emitted from the fourth display area and incident through the fourth side of the lens towards the first surface of the lens. 25. The optical device of claim 23, further comprising a first flexible circuit board attached to a pad area between the first display area and the second display area. 26. An optical device comprising:
a first lens including a first surface and a plurality of sides; a second lens including a first surface and a plurality of sides; a display panel including a first display area disposed on one of the sides of the first lens, a second display area disposed on one of the sides of the second lens, and a first bending area disposed between the first and second display areas; a first reflective member disposed in the first lens to reflect light from the first display area toward the first surface of the first lens; and a second reflective member disposed in the second lens to reflect light from the second display area toward the first surface of the second lens. | 2,400 |
344,262 | 16,803,761 | 3,774 | A self-sealing tubular graft is provided for implantation within a patient's body that includes an elongate tubular body including first and second self-sealing cannulation regions and a loop region extending between the first and second cannulation regions. The loop region includes one or more reinforcement members attached to a first length of the loop region and extending at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body. For example, the reinforcement members may include one or more sinusoidal or zigzag members extending along the first length with alternating peaks and valleys extending at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body. Self-sealing patches are also provided that include one or more reinforcement members embedded within base material. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. A tubular graft, comprising:
an elongate tubular body including a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending between the first and second ends; and a first self-sealing region at least partially surrounding a first length of the tubular body, the self-sealing region including one or more reinforcement members embedded within a base material, the one or more reinforcement members comprising a first helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the helical coil applying an axially compressive force to the base material. 24. The tubular graft of claim 23, wherein the base material comprises an elastomeric material. 25. The tubular graft of claim 23, wherein the one or more reinforcement members further comprise a second helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the second helical coil spaced apart radially from the first helical coil. 26. The tubular graft of claim 25, wherein the second helical coil is located closer to an outer surface of the base material than the first helical coil. 27. The tubular graft of claim 25, wherein the first helical coil includes windings extending in a first helical direction and the second helical coil includes windings extending in a second helical direction opposite the first helical direction. 28. The tubular graft of claim 27, wherein the second helical coil contacts the first helical coil at points where the second helical coil overlaps the first helical coil. 29. The tubular graft of claim 25, wherein the second helical coil includes windings extending in the same direction as windings of the first helical coil. 30. The tubular graft of claim 29, wherein the windings of the first and second helical coils are in phase with one another. 31. The tubular graft of claim 29, wherein the windings of the first and second helical coils are out of phase with one another. 32. A tubular graft, comprising:
an elongate tubular body including a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending between the first and second ends; and a first self-sealing region at least partially surrounding a first length of the tubular body, the self-sealing region including reinforcement members embedded within a base material, the reinforcement members comprising a first helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the helical coil applying an axially compressive force to the base material, and a second helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the second helical coil spaced apart radially from the first helical coil, wherein the first helical coil includes windings extending in a first helical direction and the second helical coil includes windings extending in a second helical direction opposite the first helical direction. 33. (canceled) 34. A tubular graft, comprising:
an elongate tubular body including a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending between the first and second ends; and a first self-sealing region at least partially surrounding a first length of the tubular body, the self-sealing region including first and second reinforcement members embedded within a base material, the first reinforcement member extending axially along the first length and including elements that extend at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body, the second reinforcement member extending axially along the first length and including elements that extend at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body, the second reinforcement member spaced apart radially from the first reinforcement member. 35. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the first and second reinforcement members do not contact one another. 36. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein base material is located between the first and second reinforcement members. 37. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the second reinforcement member contacts the first reinforcement member at points where the second reinforcement member overlaps the first reinforcement member. 38. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the first and second reinforcement members comprise first and second helical coils that extend around the circumference and apply axially compressive forces to the base material. 39. The tubular graft of claim 38, wherein the first helical coil includes windings extending in a first helical direction and the second helical coil includes windings extending in a second helical direction opposite the first helical direction. 40. The tubular graft of claim 39, wherein the second helical coil contacts the first helical coil at points where the second helical coil overlaps the first helical coil. 41. The tubular graft of claim 38, wherein the second helical coil includes windings extending in the same direction as windings of the first helical coil. 42. The tubular graft of claim 41, wherein the windings of the first and second helical coils are in phase with one another. 43. (canceled) 44. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the first and second reinforcement members comprise first and second zigzag members that extends axially along the first length and include alternating loops defining peaks and valleys that extend at least partially around the circumference of the tubular body. 45-52. (canceled) | A self-sealing tubular graft is provided for implantation within a patient's body that includes an elongate tubular body including first and second self-sealing cannulation regions and a loop region extending between the first and second cannulation regions. The loop region includes one or more reinforcement members attached to a first length of the loop region and extending at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body. For example, the reinforcement members may include one or more sinusoidal or zigzag members extending along the first length with alternating peaks and valleys extending at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body. Self-sealing patches are also provided that include one or more reinforcement members embedded within base material.1-22. (canceled) 23. A tubular graft, comprising:
an elongate tubular body including a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending between the first and second ends; and a first self-sealing region at least partially surrounding a first length of the tubular body, the self-sealing region including one or more reinforcement members embedded within a base material, the one or more reinforcement members comprising a first helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the helical coil applying an axially compressive force to the base material. 24. The tubular graft of claim 23, wherein the base material comprises an elastomeric material. 25. The tubular graft of claim 23, wherein the one or more reinforcement members further comprise a second helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the second helical coil spaced apart radially from the first helical coil. 26. The tubular graft of claim 25, wherein the second helical coil is located closer to an outer surface of the base material than the first helical coil. 27. The tubular graft of claim 25, wherein the first helical coil includes windings extending in a first helical direction and the second helical coil includes windings extending in a second helical direction opposite the first helical direction. 28. The tubular graft of claim 27, wherein the second helical coil contacts the first helical coil at points where the second helical coil overlaps the first helical coil. 29. The tubular graft of claim 25, wherein the second helical coil includes windings extending in the same direction as windings of the first helical coil. 30. The tubular graft of claim 29, wherein the windings of the first and second helical coils are in phase with one another. 31. The tubular graft of claim 29, wherein the windings of the first and second helical coils are out of phase with one another. 32. A tubular graft, comprising:
an elongate tubular body including a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending between the first and second ends; and a first self-sealing region at least partially surrounding a first length of the tubular body, the self-sealing region including reinforcement members embedded within a base material, the reinforcement members comprising a first helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the helical coil applying an axially compressive force to the base material, and a second helical coil that extends axially along the first length, the second helical coil spaced apart radially from the first helical coil, wherein the first helical coil includes windings extending in a first helical direction and the second helical coil includes windings extending in a second helical direction opposite the first helical direction. 33. (canceled) 34. A tubular graft, comprising:
an elongate tubular body including a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending between the first and second ends; and a first self-sealing region at least partially surrounding a first length of the tubular body, the self-sealing region including first and second reinforcement members embedded within a base material, the first reinforcement member extending axially along the first length and including elements that extend at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body, the second reinforcement member extending axially along the first length and including elements that extend at least partially around a circumference of the tubular body, the second reinforcement member spaced apart radially from the first reinforcement member. 35. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the first and second reinforcement members do not contact one another. 36. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein base material is located between the first and second reinforcement members. 37. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the second reinforcement member contacts the first reinforcement member at points where the second reinforcement member overlaps the first reinforcement member. 38. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the first and second reinforcement members comprise first and second helical coils that extend around the circumference and apply axially compressive forces to the base material. 39. The tubular graft of claim 38, wherein the first helical coil includes windings extending in a first helical direction and the second helical coil includes windings extending in a second helical direction opposite the first helical direction. 40. The tubular graft of claim 39, wherein the second helical coil contacts the first helical coil at points where the second helical coil overlaps the first helical coil. 41. The tubular graft of claim 38, wherein the second helical coil includes windings extending in the same direction as windings of the first helical coil. 42. The tubular graft of claim 41, wherein the windings of the first and second helical coils are in phase with one another. 43. (canceled) 44. The tubular graft of claim 34, wherein the first and second reinforcement members comprise first and second zigzag members that extends axially along the first length and include alternating loops defining peaks and valleys that extend at least partially around the circumference of the tubular body. 45-52. (canceled) | 3,700 |
344,263 | 16,803,762 | 3,774 | A method (and system) includes retrieving a dataset from a database, creating a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric, displaying the report on a graphical user interface and providing a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric. The selector is configurable to target one or multiple representations of data on the report. The selector is configurable to add or replace attributes or metrics to the representation of the dataset. | 1. A method, comprising:
retrieving a dataset from a database; creating a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric; displaying the report on a graphical user interface; and providing a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the representation of the dataset is one of a plurality of representations in the report. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of representations includes a grid representation and a visualization representation. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the selector comprises:
a replace-type selector configured to replace the data attribute or the data metric with a new data attribute or a new data metric; or a multi-type selector configured to add an additional data attribute or an additional data metric to the data attribute or the data metric, wherein the replace-type selector is configured to be used with the grid representation and the visualization representation and the multi-type selector is configured to be used with only the grid representation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selector comprises:
a replace-type selector configured to replace the data attribute or the data metric with a new data attribute or a new data metric; or a multi-type selector configured to add an additional data attribute or an additional data metric to the data attribute or the data metric. 6. The method according to claim 6, wherein the replace-type selector is configured with a single selection from n attributes or n metrics to replace a single specific target in the grid representation or the visualization representation. 7. The method according to claim 6, multi-type selector is configured with any combination of n attributes or n metrics to be included in the grid representation. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the configurable selector is adapted to selectively adjust the attribute or the metric in one or all of the plurality of representations in the report. 9. The method according to claim 2, further comprising selecting one or all of the plurality of representations in the report as a target to be edited. 10. A non-transitory computer processor-readable storage medium storing instructions configured for execution by a computer for:
retrieving a dataset from a database; creating a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric; displaying the report on a graphical user interface; and providing a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric. 11. A system, comprising:
a database storing a dataset; a processor configured to:
create a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric; and
provide a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric; and
a graphical user interface configured to display the report. | A method (and system) includes retrieving a dataset from a database, creating a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric, displaying the report on a graphical user interface and providing a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric. The selector is configurable to target one or multiple representations of data on the report. The selector is configurable to add or replace attributes or metrics to the representation of the dataset.1. A method, comprising:
retrieving a dataset from a database; creating a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric; displaying the report on a graphical user interface; and providing a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the representation of the dataset is one of a plurality of representations in the report. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of representations includes a grid representation and a visualization representation. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the selector comprises:
a replace-type selector configured to replace the data attribute or the data metric with a new data attribute or a new data metric; or a multi-type selector configured to add an additional data attribute or an additional data metric to the data attribute or the data metric, wherein the replace-type selector is configured to be used with the grid representation and the visualization representation and the multi-type selector is configured to be used with only the grid representation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selector comprises:
a replace-type selector configured to replace the data attribute or the data metric with a new data attribute or a new data metric; or a multi-type selector configured to add an additional data attribute or an additional data metric to the data attribute or the data metric. 6. The method according to claim 6, wherein the replace-type selector is configured with a single selection from n attributes or n metrics to replace a single specific target in the grid representation or the visualization representation. 7. The method according to claim 6, multi-type selector is configured with any combination of n attributes or n metrics to be included in the grid representation. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the configurable selector is adapted to selectively adjust the attribute or the metric in one or all of the plurality of representations in the report. 9. The method according to claim 2, further comprising selecting one or all of the plurality of representations in the report as a target to be edited. 10. A non-transitory computer processor-readable storage medium storing instructions configured for execution by a computer for:
retrieving a dataset from a database; creating a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric; displaying the report on a graphical user interface; and providing a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric. 11. A system, comprising:
a database storing a dataset; a processor configured to:
create a report including a representation of the dataset, the representation of the dataset including a data attribute and a data metric; and
provide a configurable selector adapted to adjust the attribute or the metric; and
a graphical user interface configured to display the report. | 3,700 |
344,264 | 16,803,740 | 3,774 | A system for managing media content annotations is configured to generate annotations having a format similar to a title and tailored to a user profile. The system identifies a media content item and identifies a user entity. The system selects from among a plurality of annotations linked to the media content item and stored in metadata. For example, the system may generate more than one annotation, generate links between each annotation and user profile information, and then select among the annotations for the most appropriate annotation for a given user. The annotation may include keywords or entities that are included in, linked to, or otherwise associated with the user profile information. The system outputs, or generates for output, a display that includes a representation of the media content item and the selected annotation. | 1. A method for managing media content annotations, the method comprising:
identifying a media content item and a user entity; identifying a plurality of annotations stored in metadata associated with the media content item, wherein the plurality of annotations are based on content and a title of the media content item, and wherein the plurality of annotations are generated from a title template generated based on parts of speech of words in the title; selecting at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations based on user profile information linked to the user entity; and generating for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the at least one annotation comprises text. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a position on the display to arrange each of the at least one annotation, wherein the at least one annotation is overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, and wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords, further comprising selecting the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations by comparing the one or more keywords to the one or more words. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the media content item and the entity comprises:
identifying the user entity by identifying a user associated with the display device; and receiving input at an input device identifying the media content item. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile information comprises information selected from the group comprising a viewing history associated with the user entity, user preferences, one or more other user entities the user entity is linked to, and user recommendations. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations further comprises:
identifying one or more keywords from the information; identifying one or more words of the plurality of annotations; and comparing the one or more keywords and the one or more words to determine which of the plurality of annotations match the one or more keywords. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether input is received selecting the display for consuming the media content item; if input is not received, selecting another annotation of the plurality of annotations that is different from at least one of the at least one annotation; and generating for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the media content item comprises identifying a plurality of media content items, wherein the media content item is one of the plurality of media content items, the method further comprising:
selecting a respective annotation from the plurality of annotations for each media content item of the plurality of media content items; and generating for output on the display device a plurality of representations corresponding to the plurality of media content items and each respective annotation. 11. A system for managing media content annotations, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
identifying a media content item and a user entity;
identifying a plurality of annotations stored in metadata associated with the media content item, wherein the plurality of annotations are based on content and a title of the media content item, and wherein the plurality of annotations are generated from a title template generated based on parts of speech of words in the title; and
selecting at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations based on user profile information linked to the user entity; and
an output device coupled to the control circuitry and configured to generate a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the at least one annotation comprises text. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry if further configured to determine a position on the display to arrange each of the at least one annotation, and wherein the at least one annotation is overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to select the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations by comparing the one or more keywords to the one or more words. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to identify the media content item and the entity by:
identifying the user entity by identifying a user associated with the display device; and receiving input at an input device identifying the media content item. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the user profile information comprises information selected from the group comprising a viewing history associated with the user entity, user preferences, one or more other user entities the user entity is linked to, and user recommendations. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to select the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations further by:
identifying one or more keywords from the information; identifying one or more words of the plurality of annotations; and comparing the one or more keywords and the one or more words to determine which of the plurality of annotations match the one or more keywords. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine whether input is received selecting the display for consuming the media content item; if input is not received, select another annotation of the plurality of annotations that is different from at least one of the at least one annotation; and generate for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
identify the media content item by identifying a plurality of media content items, wherein the media content item is one of the plurality of media content items; select a respective annotation from the plurality of annotations for each media content item of the plurality of media content items; and generate for output on the display device a plurality of representations corresponding to the plurality of media content items and each respective annotation. 21-30. (canceled) | A system for managing media content annotations is configured to generate annotations having a format similar to a title and tailored to a user profile. The system identifies a media content item and identifies a user entity. The system selects from among a plurality of annotations linked to the media content item and stored in metadata. For example, the system may generate more than one annotation, generate links between each annotation and user profile information, and then select among the annotations for the most appropriate annotation for a given user. The annotation may include keywords or entities that are included in, linked to, or otherwise associated with the user profile information. The system outputs, or generates for output, a display that includes a representation of the media content item and the selected annotation.1. A method for managing media content annotations, the method comprising:
identifying a media content item and a user entity; identifying a plurality of annotations stored in metadata associated with the media content item, wherein the plurality of annotations are based on content and a title of the media content item, and wherein the plurality of annotations are generated from a title template generated based on parts of speech of words in the title; selecting at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations based on user profile information linked to the user entity; and generating for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the at least one annotation comprises text. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a position on the display to arrange each of the at least one annotation, wherein the at least one annotation is overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, and wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords, further comprising selecting the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations by comparing the one or more keywords to the one or more words. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the media content item and the entity comprises:
identifying the user entity by identifying a user associated with the display device; and receiving input at an input device identifying the media content item. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile information comprises information selected from the group comprising a viewing history associated with the user entity, user preferences, one or more other user entities the user entity is linked to, and user recommendations. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations further comprises:
identifying one or more keywords from the information; identifying one or more words of the plurality of annotations; and comparing the one or more keywords and the one or more words to determine which of the plurality of annotations match the one or more keywords. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether input is received selecting the display for consuming the media content item; if input is not received, selecting another annotation of the plurality of annotations that is different from at least one of the at least one annotation; and generating for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the media content item comprises identifying a plurality of media content items, wherein the media content item is one of the plurality of media content items, the method further comprising:
selecting a respective annotation from the plurality of annotations for each media content item of the plurality of media content items; and generating for output on the display device a plurality of representations corresponding to the plurality of media content items and each respective annotation. 11. A system for managing media content annotations, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
identifying a media content item and a user entity;
identifying a plurality of annotations stored in metadata associated with the media content item, wherein the plurality of annotations are based on content and a title of the media content item, and wherein the plurality of annotations are generated from a title template generated based on parts of speech of words in the title; and
selecting at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations based on user profile information linked to the user entity; and
an output device coupled to the control circuitry and configured to generate a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the at least one annotation comprises text. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry if further configured to determine a position on the display to arrange each of the at least one annotation, and wherein the at least one annotation is overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to select the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations by comparing the one or more keywords to the one or more words. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to identify the media content item and the entity by:
identifying the user entity by identifying a user associated with the display device; and receiving input at an input device identifying the media content item. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the user profile information comprises information selected from the group comprising a viewing history associated with the user entity, user preferences, one or more other user entities the user entity is linked to, and user recommendations. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to select the at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations further by:
identifying one or more keywords from the information; identifying one or more words of the plurality of annotations; and comparing the one or more keywords and the one or more words to determine which of the plurality of annotations match the one or more keywords. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine whether input is received selecting the display for consuming the media content item; if input is not received, select another annotation of the plurality of annotations that is different from at least one of the at least one annotation; and generate for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the at least one annotation. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
identify the media content item by identifying a plurality of media content items, wherein the media content item is one of the plurality of media content items; select a respective annotation from the plurality of annotations for each media content item of the plurality of media content items; and generate for output on the display device a plurality of representations corresponding to the plurality of media content items and each respective annotation. 21-30. (canceled) | 3,700 |
344,265 | 16,803,768 | 3,774 | A method of unsupervised protein sequence generation includes determining a dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the dataset comprises unlabeled or sparsely labeled data. The method further includes training, by a processing device, a generative model on the dataset. The method further includes generating, using the generative model, a semantically-valid protein sequence example based on the dataset. | 1. A method of unsupervised protein sequence generation, comprising:
determining a dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the dataset comprises unlabeled or sparsely labeled data; training, by a processing device, a generative model on the dataset; and generating, using the generative model, a semantically-valid protein sequence example based on the dataset. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dataset is a subset of known protein sequences from a complete dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the subset is determined based on selecting a defined number of protein sequences from each cluster of the complete dataset. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, using the generative model and a supervised learning model, a function of the semantically-valid protein sequence example. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the function comprises predicting a phenotype of the semantically-valid protein sequence by inputting a point, associated with the semantically-valid protein sequence, in a latent feature space of the generative model into the supervised learning model. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the supervised learning model is trained by:
encoding, using the generative model, the dataset of known protein sequences into a latent feature vector; and training the supervised learning model on the latent feature vector and an associated phenotype. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generative model is to analyze protein sequences of variable lengths, model interactions between distant amino acid residues, utilize a latent feature space, and generate realistic protein sequences. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating, using the generative model and a supervised model, a protein sequence having a target phenotype. 8. A variational autoencoder for unsupervised protein sequence generation, comprising:
a parameterized encoder to estimate a latent variable in a latent space given a particular data point in data space; and a decoder to produce an output in the data space given a particular point in the latent space, wherein the decoder is augmented with an autoregressive module to learn a local structure of an amino acid sequence. 9. The variational autoencoder of claim 8, the parameterized encoder comprising a plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks. 10. The variational autoencoder of claim 9, the parameterized encoder further comprising a one-dimensional convolution layer, in which a length of an input to the parameterized encoder is halved which a stride of two, and a channel associated with the parameterized encoder is doubled. 11. The variational autoencoder of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks comprises a plurality of strided convolution layers for downscaling and channel doubling. 12. The variational autoencoder of claim 11, wherein a dilation pattern of the plurality of strided convolution layers repeats every five blocks. 13. The variational autoencoder of claim 8, the decoder comprising a plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks. 14. The variational autoencoder of claim 13, the decoder further comprising a first one-dimensional convolution layer, transposed with respect to a second one-dimensional convolution layer of the parameterized encoder. 15. The variational autoencoder of claim 13, each of the plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks comprising a plurality of strided convolution layers. 16. The variational autoencoder of claim 15, wherein a dilation pattern of the plurality of strided convolution layers repeats every five blocks. 17. The variational autoencoder of claim 15, wherein a first pattern of the plurality of strided convolution layers of the decoder is opposite a second pattern of a plurality of strided convolution layers of the parameterized encoder. 18. The variational autoencoder of claim 15, wherein the parameterized encoder and the decoder are deep learning models parameterized by respective weights. 19. The variational autoencoder of claim 8, wherein the variational autoencoder is to:
determine a dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the dataset comprises unlabeled or sparsely labeled data; train a generative model on the dataset; and generate, using the generative model, a semantically-valid protein sequence example based on the dataset. 20. The variational autoencoder of claim 19, wherein the variational autoencoder is further to determine, using the generative model and a supervised learning model, a function of the semantically-valid protein sequence example. | A method of unsupervised protein sequence generation includes determining a dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the dataset comprises unlabeled or sparsely labeled data. The method further includes training, by a processing device, a generative model on the dataset. The method further includes generating, using the generative model, a semantically-valid protein sequence example based on the dataset.1. A method of unsupervised protein sequence generation, comprising:
determining a dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the dataset comprises unlabeled or sparsely labeled data; training, by a processing device, a generative model on the dataset; and generating, using the generative model, a semantically-valid protein sequence example based on the dataset. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dataset is a subset of known protein sequences from a complete dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the subset is determined based on selecting a defined number of protein sequences from each cluster of the complete dataset. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, using the generative model and a supervised learning model, a function of the semantically-valid protein sequence example. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the function comprises predicting a phenotype of the semantically-valid protein sequence by inputting a point, associated with the semantically-valid protein sequence, in a latent feature space of the generative model into the supervised learning model. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the supervised learning model is trained by:
encoding, using the generative model, the dataset of known protein sequences into a latent feature vector; and training the supervised learning model on the latent feature vector and an associated phenotype. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generative model is to analyze protein sequences of variable lengths, model interactions between distant amino acid residues, utilize a latent feature space, and generate realistic protein sequences. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating, using the generative model and a supervised model, a protein sequence having a target phenotype. 8. A variational autoencoder for unsupervised protein sequence generation, comprising:
a parameterized encoder to estimate a latent variable in a latent space given a particular data point in data space; and a decoder to produce an output in the data space given a particular point in the latent space, wherein the decoder is augmented with an autoregressive module to learn a local structure of an amino acid sequence. 9. The variational autoencoder of claim 8, the parameterized encoder comprising a plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks. 10. The variational autoencoder of claim 9, the parameterized encoder further comprising a one-dimensional convolution layer, in which a length of an input to the parameterized encoder is halved which a stride of two, and a channel associated with the parameterized encoder is doubled. 11. The variational autoencoder of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks comprises a plurality of strided convolution layers for downscaling and channel doubling. 12. The variational autoencoder of claim 11, wherein a dilation pattern of the plurality of strided convolution layers repeats every five blocks. 13. The variational autoencoder of claim 8, the decoder comprising a plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks. 14. The variational autoencoder of claim 13, the decoder further comprising a first one-dimensional convolution layer, transposed with respect to a second one-dimensional convolution layer of the parameterized encoder. 15. The variational autoencoder of claim 13, each of the plurality of convolutional ResNet blocks comprising a plurality of strided convolution layers. 16. The variational autoencoder of claim 15, wherein a dilation pattern of the plurality of strided convolution layers repeats every five blocks. 17. The variational autoencoder of claim 15, wherein a first pattern of the plurality of strided convolution layers of the decoder is opposite a second pattern of a plurality of strided convolution layers of the parameterized encoder. 18. The variational autoencoder of claim 15, wherein the parameterized encoder and the decoder are deep learning models parameterized by respective weights. 19. The variational autoencoder of claim 8, wherein the variational autoencoder is to:
determine a dataset of known protein sequences, wherein the dataset comprises unlabeled or sparsely labeled data; train a generative model on the dataset; and generate, using the generative model, a semantically-valid protein sequence example based on the dataset. 20. The variational autoencoder of claim 19, wherein the variational autoencoder is further to determine, using the generative model and a supervised learning model, a function of the semantically-valid protein sequence example. | 3,700 |
344,266 | 16,803,742 | 3,774 | A system for generating annotations is configured to generate annotations having a format similar to a title and tailored to a user profile. The system identifies a media content item, and associated metadata, and determines a title corresponding to the media content item. The system generates a title template based on the title and based on metadata associated with the media content item. Based on the title template and user profile information, the system generates an annotation, which is linked to the media content item. The system may generate more than one annotation, and then select among the annotations for the most appropriate annotation for a given user. The annotation may include keywords or entities that are included in, linked to, or otherwise associated with the user profile information. The system outputs, or generates for output, a display that includes a representation of the media content item and the annotation. | 1. A method for generating media content annotations, the method comprising:
identifying a media content item and metadata associated with the media content item; determining a title corresponding to the media content item, wherein the title comprises a plurality of words; generating a title template based on the title and metadata associated with the media content item by identifying one or more parts of speech among the plurality of words; generating an annotation based on the title template and user profile information, wherein the annotation is linked to the media content item; and generating for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the annotation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising connecting a user to the annotation linked to the media content based on the user profile information. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising updating the metadata associated with the media content item based on at least one of the title template and the annotation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the title template comprises:
identifying one or more entities based on the plurality of words; and determining a relationship among the one or more parts of speech and the one or more entities. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the annotation comprises:
generating a plurality of annotations based on the title template; and updating the metadata associated with the media content item with the plurality of annotations. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising selecting at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations for output on the display device based on user profile information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the annotation comprises text. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a position on the display to arrange the annotation, wherein the display comprises the annotation overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, and wherein the annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the annotation represents to the media content item based on one or more criteria; and if it is determined that the annotation represents to the media content item, generating for output the display. 12. A system for generating media content annotations, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
identify a media content item and metadata associated with the media content item;
determine a title corresponding to the media content item, wherein the title comprises a plurality of words;
generate a title template based on the title and metadata associated with the media content item by identifying one or more parts of speech among the plurality of words; and
generate an annotation based on the title template and based on user profile information, wherein the annotation is linked to the media content item; and
an output device coupled to the control circuitry for generating a representation of the media content item and the annotation. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to connect a user to the annotation linked to the media content based on the user profile information. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to update the metadata associated with the media content item based on at least one of the title template and the annotation. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the title template by:
identifying one or more entities based on the plurality of words; and determining a relationship among the one or more parts of speech and the one or more entities. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the annotation by:
generating a plurality of annotations based on the title template; and updating the metadata associated with the media content item with the plurality of annotations. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to select at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations for output on the display device based on user profile information. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the annotation comprises text. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine a position on the display to arrange the annotation, and wherein the display comprises the annotation overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, and wherein the annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the annotation represents to the media content item based on one or more criteria, and if it is determined that the annotation represents to the media content item, the output device generates for output the display. 23-33. (canceled) | A system for generating annotations is configured to generate annotations having a format similar to a title and tailored to a user profile. The system identifies a media content item, and associated metadata, and determines a title corresponding to the media content item. The system generates a title template based on the title and based on metadata associated with the media content item. Based on the title template and user profile information, the system generates an annotation, which is linked to the media content item. The system may generate more than one annotation, and then select among the annotations for the most appropriate annotation for a given user. The annotation may include keywords or entities that are included in, linked to, or otherwise associated with the user profile information. The system outputs, or generates for output, a display that includes a representation of the media content item and the annotation.1. A method for generating media content annotations, the method comprising:
identifying a media content item and metadata associated with the media content item; determining a title corresponding to the media content item, wherein the title comprises a plurality of words; generating a title template based on the title and metadata associated with the media content item by identifying one or more parts of speech among the plurality of words; generating an annotation based on the title template and user profile information, wherein the annotation is linked to the media content item; and generating for output on a display device a representation of the media content item and the annotation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising connecting a user to the annotation linked to the media content based on the user profile information. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising updating the metadata associated with the media content item based on at least one of the title template and the annotation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the title template comprises:
identifying one or more entities based on the plurality of words; and determining a relationship among the one or more parts of speech and the one or more entities. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the annotation comprises:
generating a plurality of annotations based on the title template; and updating the metadata associated with the media content item with the plurality of annotations. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising selecting at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations for output on the display device based on user profile information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the annotation comprises text. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a position on the display to arrange the annotation, wherein the display comprises the annotation overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, and wherein the annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the annotation represents to the media content item based on one or more criteria; and if it is determined that the annotation represents to the media content item, generating for output the display. 12. A system for generating media content annotations, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
identify a media content item and metadata associated with the media content item;
determine a title corresponding to the media content item, wherein the title comprises a plurality of words;
generate a title template based on the title and metadata associated with the media content item by identifying one or more parts of speech among the plurality of words; and
generate an annotation based on the title template and based on user profile information, wherein the annotation is linked to the media content item; and
an output device coupled to the control circuitry for generating a representation of the media content item and the annotation. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to connect a user to the annotation linked to the media content based on the user profile information. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to update the metadata associated with the media content item based on at least one of the title template and the annotation. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the title template by:
identifying one or more entities based on the plurality of words; and determining a relationship among the one or more parts of speech and the one or more entities. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to generate the annotation by:
generating a plurality of annotations based on the title template; and updating the metadata associated with the media content item with the plurality of annotations. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to select at least one annotation from the plurality of annotations for output on the display device based on user profile information. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the media content item comprises a video, wherein the representation of the media content item comprises a thumbnail image associated with the video, and wherein the annotation comprises text. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine a position on the display to arrange the annotation, and wherein the display comprises the annotation overlaid on the representation of the media content item. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the user profile information comprises one or more keywords, and wherein the annotation comprises one or more words that correspond to the one or more keywords. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the annotation comprises one or more keywords included in at least one of the group comprising content associated with media content item and the metadata associated with the media content item. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the annotation represents to the media content item based on one or more criteria, and if it is determined that the annotation represents to the media content item, the output device generates for output the display. 23-33. (canceled) | 3,700 |
344,267 | 16,803,747 | 3,774 | A method for underwater acoustic communication includes steps of S1: capturing a synchronization signal using a replica correlation operation; S2: performing time reversal forward shift processing and time reversal backward shift processing, respectively, on the synchronization signal to obtain a forward shift time reversal coefficient and a backward shift time reversal coefficient; S3: performing a convolution operation of the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient, respectively, with a subsequently captured information sequence to obtain a forward shift time reversal output and a backward shift time reversal output; S4: processing the forward shift time reversal output and the backward shift time reversal output, respectively, with a forward shift equalizer and a backward shift equalizer to obtain two sets of equalizer outputs; and S5: selecting one of the two sets of equalizer outputs with a smaller error for data decoding to obtain a desired signal. | 1. A method for underwater acoustic communication, comprising steps of:
S1: capturing a synchronization signal using a replica correlation operation; S2: performing time reversal forward shift processing and time reversal backward shift processing, respectively, on the synchronization signal to obtain a forward shift time reversal coefficient and a backward shift time reversal coefficient; S3: performing a convolution operation of the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient, respectively, with a subsequently captured information sequence to obtain a forward shift time reversal output and a backward shift time reversal output; S4: processing the forward shift time reversal output and the backward shift time reversal output, respectively, with a forward shift equalizer and a backward shift equalizer to obtain two sets of equalizer outputs; and S5: selecting one of the two sets of equalizer outputs with a smaller error for data decoding to obtain a desired signal. 2. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps between steps S1 and S2:
S11: capturing a calibration signal that arrives after the synchronization signal using the replica correlation;
S12: obtaining an actual delay between the synchronization signal and the calibration signal, and obtaining an initial Doppler estimated value by comparing the actual delay with an original delay; and
S13: performing carrier compensation on a received signal in a de-carrier processing according to the initial Doppler estimated value. 3. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, further comprising a step of adaptively iterating the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient, comprising:
S6: calculating gradient values corresponding to forward and backward shifts according to errors outputted by the two sets of equalizer outputs; and S7: adaptively updating the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient using a gradient descent iterative principle. 4. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, further comprising a step of equalizer coefficient iteration between steps S3 and S4, comprising:
S8: capturing a training sequence that arrives before the information sequence, performing a convolution calculation of the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient with the training sequence, and sending a result of the convolution calculation for the forward shift time reversal coefficient and a result of the convolution calculation for the backward shift time reversal coefficient, respectively, to the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, wherein the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer respectively run an adaptive algorithm, with the training sequence as a target sequence, to perform equalizer coefficient iteration; and
S9: running the adaptive algorithm in an information sequence phase, with decided symbols as the training sequence, to perform the equalizer coefficient iteration. 5. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 4, wherein the step of equalizer coefficient iteration comprises the following steps:
e fi[i]=s[i]−{w fi[i,1],L,w fi[i,L]}{r fi[i],r fi[i+1],L,r fi[i+L−1]}T
w fi[i+1,j]=w fi[i,j]+2μe fi[i]r fi[i+j−1]
e bi[i]=s[i]−{w bi[i,1],L,w bi[i,L]}{r bi[i],r bi[i+1],L,r bi[i+L−1]}T
w bi[i+1,j]=w bi[i,j]+2μe bi[i]r bi[i+j−1] 6. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 5, wherein step S5 comprises:
S51: inputting the forward shift time reversal output and the backward shift time reversal output to the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer for adaptive iteration through an LMS algorithm to obtain the error signals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, respectively;
S52: deriving mean square values of the error signals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, respectively, to obtain mean square errors of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer; and
S53: selecting, for decoding, one of the two sets of equalizer outputs outputted from the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer with a smaller mean square error. 7. A device for underwater acoustic communication, comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter; a set of time reversal-equalizers; an adaptive gradient iterator; and a data decoder, wherein the set of time reversal-equalizers comprises a forward shift time reverser, a forward shift equalizer, a backward shift time reverser, and a backward shift equalizer, input terminals of the forward shift time reverser and the backward shift time reverser are respectively connected to an output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, output terminals of the forward shift time reverser and the backward shift time reverser are respectively connected to input terminals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, and output terminals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer are respectively connected to the input terminals of the adaptive gradient iterator, wherein an output terminal of the adaptive gradient iterator is connected to input terminals of the forward shift time reverser and the backward shift time reverser, and wherein the data decoder is configured to perform data decoding on outputs of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer. 8. The device for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 7, further comprising a synchronizer connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, wherein the synchronizer is configured to capture a synchronization signal for frame synchronization to establish synchronization. 9. The device for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 7, further comprising a data preprocessor connected to an input terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, wherein the data preprocessor comprises a receiving transducer, a preamplifier and a filter connected to each other. 10. A system for underwater acoustic communication, comprising:
the device for underwater acoustic communication of claim 7; and a transmitting device comprising a power amplifier and a transmitting transducer, wherein a transmission interface of the data decoder is connected to the power amplifier, and wherein the power amplifier is connected to the transmitting transducer. 11. The system for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 10, wherein the device for underwater acoustic communication further comprises a synchronizer connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, and the synchronizer is configured to capture a synchronization signal for frame synchronization to establish synchronization. 12. The system for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 10, wherein the device for underwater acoustic communication further comprises a data preprocessor connected to an input terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, and the data preprocessor comprises a receiving transducer, a preamplifier and a filter connected to each other. | A method for underwater acoustic communication includes steps of S1: capturing a synchronization signal using a replica correlation operation; S2: performing time reversal forward shift processing and time reversal backward shift processing, respectively, on the synchronization signal to obtain a forward shift time reversal coefficient and a backward shift time reversal coefficient; S3: performing a convolution operation of the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient, respectively, with a subsequently captured information sequence to obtain a forward shift time reversal output and a backward shift time reversal output; S4: processing the forward shift time reversal output and the backward shift time reversal output, respectively, with a forward shift equalizer and a backward shift equalizer to obtain two sets of equalizer outputs; and S5: selecting one of the two sets of equalizer outputs with a smaller error for data decoding to obtain a desired signal.1. A method for underwater acoustic communication, comprising steps of:
S1: capturing a synchronization signal using a replica correlation operation; S2: performing time reversal forward shift processing and time reversal backward shift processing, respectively, on the synchronization signal to obtain a forward shift time reversal coefficient and a backward shift time reversal coefficient; S3: performing a convolution operation of the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient, respectively, with a subsequently captured information sequence to obtain a forward shift time reversal output and a backward shift time reversal output; S4: processing the forward shift time reversal output and the backward shift time reversal output, respectively, with a forward shift equalizer and a backward shift equalizer to obtain two sets of equalizer outputs; and S5: selecting one of the two sets of equalizer outputs with a smaller error for data decoding to obtain a desired signal. 2. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps between steps S1 and S2:
S11: capturing a calibration signal that arrives after the synchronization signal using the replica correlation;
S12: obtaining an actual delay between the synchronization signal and the calibration signal, and obtaining an initial Doppler estimated value by comparing the actual delay with an original delay; and
S13: performing carrier compensation on a received signal in a de-carrier processing according to the initial Doppler estimated value. 3. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, further comprising a step of adaptively iterating the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient, comprising:
S6: calculating gradient values corresponding to forward and backward shifts according to errors outputted by the two sets of equalizer outputs; and S7: adaptively updating the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient using a gradient descent iterative principle. 4. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, further comprising a step of equalizer coefficient iteration between steps S3 and S4, comprising:
S8: capturing a training sequence that arrives before the information sequence, performing a convolution calculation of the forward shift time reversal coefficient and the backward shift time reversal coefficient with the training sequence, and sending a result of the convolution calculation for the forward shift time reversal coefficient and a result of the convolution calculation for the backward shift time reversal coefficient, respectively, to the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, wherein the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer respectively run an adaptive algorithm, with the training sequence as a target sequence, to perform equalizer coefficient iteration; and
S9: running the adaptive algorithm in an information sequence phase, with decided symbols as the training sequence, to perform the equalizer coefficient iteration. 5. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 4, wherein the step of equalizer coefficient iteration comprises the following steps:
e fi[i]=s[i]−{w fi[i,1],L,w fi[i,L]}{r fi[i],r fi[i+1],L,r fi[i+L−1]}T
w fi[i+1,j]=w fi[i,j]+2μe fi[i]r fi[i+j−1]
e bi[i]=s[i]−{w bi[i,1],L,w bi[i,L]}{r bi[i],r bi[i+1],L,r bi[i+L−1]}T
w bi[i+1,j]=w bi[i,j]+2μe bi[i]r bi[i+j−1] 6. The method for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 5, wherein step S5 comprises:
S51: inputting the forward shift time reversal output and the backward shift time reversal output to the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer for adaptive iteration through an LMS algorithm to obtain the error signals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, respectively;
S52: deriving mean square values of the error signals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, respectively, to obtain mean square errors of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer; and
S53: selecting, for decoding, one of the two sets of equalizer outputs outputted from the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer with a smaller mean square error. 7. A device for underwater acoustic communication, comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter; a set of time reversal-equalizers; an adaptive gradient iterator; and a data decoder, wherein the set of time reversal-equalizers comprises a forward shift time reverser, a forward shift equalizer, a backward shift time reverser, and a backward shift equalizer, input terminals of the forward shift time reverser and the backward shift time reverser are respectively connected to an output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, output terminals of the forward shift time reverser and the backward shift time reverser are respectively connected to input terminals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer, and output terminals of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer are respectively connected to the input terminals of the adaptive gradient iterator, wherein an output terminal of the adaptive gradient iterator is connected to input terminals of the forward shift time reverser and the backward shift time reverser, and wherein the data decoder is configured to perform data decoding on outputs of the forward shift equalizer and the backward shift equalizer. 8. The device for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 7, further comprising a synchronizer connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, wherein the synchronizer is configured to capture a synchronization signal for frame synchronization to establish synchronization. 9. The device for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 7, further comprising a data preprocessor connected to an input terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, wherein the data preprocessor comprises a receiving transducer, a preamplifier and a filter connected to each other. 10. A system for underwater acoustic communication, comprising:
the device for underwater acoustic communication of claim 7; and a transmitting device comprising a power amplifier and a transmitting transducer, wherein a transmission interface of the data decoder is connected to the power amplifier, and wherein the power amplifier is connected to the transmitting transducer. 11. The system for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 10, wherein the device for underwater acoustic communication further comprises a synchronizer connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, and the synchronizer is configured to capture a synchronization signal for frame synchronization to establish synchronization. 12. The system for underwater acoustic communication according to claim 10, wherein the device for underwater acoustic communication further comprises a data preprocessor connected to an input terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, and the data preprocessor comprises a receiving transducer, a preamplifier and a filter connected to each other. | 3,700 |
344,268 | 16,803,752 | 3,774 | Disclosed is an electronic device including: a cartridge holder that holds a cartridge; a motor for moving the cartridge holder in a moving direction; and a motor control circuit that controls a movement in the moving direction of the cartridge holder by the motor, wherein the motor control circuit applies a voltage or a current to the motor to apply, to the cartridge holder, a resisting force in a direction facing an external force, against the external force which is applied along the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge so as to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a cartridge holder that holds a cartridge; a motor for moving the cartridge holder in a moving direction; and a motor control circuit that controls a movement in the moving direction of the cartridge holder by the motor, wherein the motor control circuit applies a voltage or a current to the motor to apply, to the cartridge holder, a resisting force in a direction facing an external force, against the external force which is applied along the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge so as to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the moving direction is at least one of an X-axis direction that is a left-right direction of the electronic device and a Y-axis direction that is a front-rear direction of the electronic device, the Y-axis direction being orthogonal to the X-axis direction. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit controls the voltage or the current applied to the motor so that an absolute value of the resisting force is larger than an absolute value of the external force that is a minimum value required for mounting the cartridge in the cartridge holder. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit controls the voltage or the current applied to the motor so that an absolute value of the resisting force is smaller than an absolute value of a force having a possibility of damaging a component that causes the cartridge holder to move by pressing the cartridge holder. 5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit controls the voltage or the current applied to the motor so that the voltage or the current has a constant value. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit performs control so that a magnitude of the voltage or the current applied to the motor changes according to a magnitude of the external force applied to the cartridge holder through the cartridge. 7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the cartridge includes an ink storage that stores ink for printing on a print target. 8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein
the cartridge includes an ink ejection surface, and printing is performed on a print target by ejecting ink from the ink ejection surface. 9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the cartridge is a pen for printing, and the cartridge holder is a pen holder that holds the pen. 10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the resisting force is a force that stops the cartridge holder. 11. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a second motor for moving the cartridge holder in a second moving direction orthogonal to the moving direction, wherein the motor control circuit controls a movement in the second moving direction of the cartridge holder by the second motor. 12. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising an opening for attaching and detaching of the cartridge on a front surface side of a housing of the electronic device. 13. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a guide that is provided in the cartridge holder to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. 14. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit applies the voltage or the current to the motor to apply, to the cartridge holder, the resisting force in a second direction facing the external force, against the external force which is applied along a first direction in the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge so as to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. 15. A drive method of a motor in an electronic device that includes: a cartridge holder which holds a cartridge; the motor for moving the cartridge holder in a moving direction; and a guide which is provided in the cartridge holder to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction, the drive method comprising applying a voltage or a current to the motor for moving the cartridge holder to apply, to the cartridge holder, a resisting force in a direction facing an external force, against the external force which is applied along the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge in mounting of the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. | Disclosed is an electronic device including: a cartridge holder that holds a cartridge; a motor for moving the cartridge holder in a moving direction; and a motor control circuit that controls a movement in the moving direction of the cartridge holder by the motor, wherein the motor control circuit applies a voltage or a current to the motor to apply, to the cartridge holder, a resisting force in a direction facing an external force, against the external force which is applied along the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge so as to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction.1. An electronic device comprising:
a cartridge holder that holds a cartridge; a motor for moving the cartridge holder in a moving direction; and a motor control circuit that controls a movement in the moving direction of the cartridge holder by the motor, wherein the motor control circuit applies a voltage or a current to the motor to apply, to the cartridge holder, a resisting force in a direction facing an external force, against the external force which is applied along the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge so as to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the moving direction is at least one of an X-axis direction that is a left-right direction of the electronic device and a Y-axis direction that is a front-rear direction of the electronic device, the Y-axis direction being orthogonal to the X-axis direction. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit controls the voltage or the current applied to the motor so that an absolute value of the resisting force is larger than an absolute value of the external force that is a minimum value required for mounting the cartridge in the cartridge holder. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit controls the voltage or the current applied to the motor so that an absolute value of the resisting force is smaller than an absolute value of a force having a possibility of damaging a component that causes the cartridge holder to move by pressing the cartridge holder. 5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit controls the voltage or the current applied to the motor so that the voltage or the current has a constant value. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit performs control so that a magnitude of the voltage or the current applied to the motor changes according to a magnitude of the external force applied to the cartridge holder through the cartridge. 7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the cartridge includes an ink storage that stores ink for printing on a print target. 8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein
the cartridge includes an ink ejection surface, and printing is performed on a print target by ejecting ink from the ink ejection surface. 9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the cartridge is a pen for printing, and the cartridge holder is a pen holder that holds the pen. 10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the resisting force is a force that stops the cartridge holder. 11. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a second motor for moving the cartridge holder in a second moving direction orthogonal to the moving direction, wherein the motor control circuit controls a movement in the second moving direction of the cartridge holder by the second motor. 12. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising an opening for attaching and detaching of the cartridge on a front surface side of a housing of the electronic device. 13. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a guide that is provided in the cartridge holder to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. 14. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the motor control circuit applies the voltage or the current to the motor to apply, to the cartridge holder, the resisting force in a second direction facing the external force, against the external force which is applied along a first direction in the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge so as to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. 15. A drive method of a motor in an electronic device that includes: a cartridge holder which holds a cartridge; the motor for moving the cartridge holder in a moving direction; and a guide which is provided in the cartridge holder to mount the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction, the drive method comprising applying a voltage or a current to the motor for moving the cartridge holder to apply, to the cartridge holder, a resisting force in a direction facing an external force, against the external force which is applied along the moving direction to the cartridge holder through the cartridge in mounting of the cartridge in the cartridge holder from the moving direction. | 3,700 |
344,269 | 16,803,775 | 2,683 | A building security system of a building including one or more memory devices configured to store instructions causing one or more processors to receive door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within the building indicating operation of the one or more doors, select a period for which the door lock data was collected, select a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected, and identify segments of the data indicating activity of the door. The instructions also apply a model to segments of the data indicating activity of the first door, compute a probability metric for each segment of the data, compute a combined probability score for the first door based on the computed probability metrics, and classify the first door as normally functioning or malfunctioning by comparing the combined probability score to a threshold. | 1. A building security system of a building, the building security system comprising one or more memory devices configured to store instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within the building indicating operation of the one or more doors; select a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected; identify segments of the data indicating activity of the door; apply a model to the identified segments of the data indicating activity of the door to compute a probability metric for each identified segment of the data; compute a combined probability score for the door based on the computed probability metrics for the identified segment of the data; and classify the function of the first door by comparing the combined probability score to a threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the one or more processors to classify the first door as normally functioning or malfunctioning by comparing the combined probability score to the threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the one or more processors to combined probability generate an alert indicating that the first door is classified as malfunctioning responsive to the combined probability score exceeding the threshold, wherein the threshold is computed based on at least one of historical system data or user preferences. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the combined probability score is a mean probability score. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein different doors of the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected have different thresholds for classification as normally functioning or malfunctioning. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the segments of the data indicating activity of the first door comprise door forced open events. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the model is a two state model with a first state corresponding to normal functioning behavior of the first door and second state corresponding to malfunctioning behavior of the first door, wherein the model is specific to the selected door. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the model is a Hidden Markov model. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the door lock data is received from a common database for the one or more doors within the building, the door lock data from a designated time period. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the designated time period for which the door lock data was collected is adjustable and selectable by a user. 11. A method of door lock fault detection, the method comprising:
receiving door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within the building indicating operation of the one or more doors; selecting a period for which the door lock data was collected; selecting a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected; identifying segments of the data indicating activity of the first door; applying a generated model to the identified segments of the data indicating activity of the first door; computing a probability metric for each identified segment of the data; computing a combined probability score for the first door based on the computed probability metrics for each identified segment of the data, wherein the combined probability score indicates normal function or malfunction of the first door; and classifying the function of the first door by comparing the combined probability score to a threshold. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising classifying the function of the first door as normally functioning or malfunctioning by comparing the combined probability score to the threshold and generating a maintenance alert for the first door responsive to the combined probability score exceeding the threshold. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the threshold is computed based on historical system data or user preferences. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein different doors of the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected have different thresholds for classification as normally functioning or malfunctioning. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the segments of the data indicating activity of the first door comprise door forced open events. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the generated model is a two state model with a first state corresponding to normal functioning behavior of the first door and second state corresponding to malfunctioning behavior of the first door, wherein the generated model is specific to a selected door. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the generated model is a Hidden Markov Model. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the door lock data is received from an access control system comprising a common database for the one or more doors within the building, the door lock data from a designated time period. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the period for which the door lock data was collected is be adjustable and can further be selected by a user. 20. A door lock fault detection system comprising:
one or more computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement operations comprising:
receiving door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within a building indicating operation of the one or more doors;
selecting a period for which the door lock data was collected;
selecting a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected;
identifying segments of the data indicating activity of the first door;
applying a generated model to the identified segments of the data indicating activity of the first door;
computing a probability metric for each identified segment of the data;
computing a combined probability score for the first door based on the computed probability metrics for each identified segment of the data, wherein the combined probability score indicates normal function or malfunction of the door;
applying a threshold to the combined probability score for the first door to classify the first door as normally functioning responsive to the combined probability score being at or below the threshold and classifying the first door as malfunctioning responsive to the combined probability score being above the threshold; and
generating an alert responsive to the combined probability score for the first door being above the threshold. | A building security system of a building including one or more memory devices configured to store instructions causing one or more processors to receive door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within the building indicating operation of the one or more doors, select a period for which the door lock data was collected, select a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected, and identify segments of the data indicating activity of the door. The instructions also apply a model to segments of the data indicating activity of the first door, compute a probability metric for each segment of the data, compute a combined probability score for the first door based on the computed probability metrics, and classify the first door as normally functioning or malfunctioning by comparing the combined probability score to a threshold.1. A building security system of a building, the building security system comprising one or more memory devices configured to store instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within the building indicating operation of the one or more doors; select a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected; identify segments of the data indicating activity of the door; apply a model to the identified segments of the data indicating activity of the door to compute a probability metric for each identified segment of the data; compute a combined probability score for the door based on the computed probability metrics for the identified segment of the data; and classify the function of the first door by comparing the combined probability score to a threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the one or more processors to classify the first door as normally functioning or malfunctioning by comparing the combined probability score to the threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the one or more processors to combined probability generate an alert indicating that the first door is classified as malfunctioning responsive to the combined probability score exceeding the threshold, wherein the threshold is computed based on at least one of historical system data or user preferences. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the combined probability score is a mean probability score. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein different doors of the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected have different thresholds for classification as normally functioning or malfunctioning. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the segments of the data indicating activity of the first door comprise door forced open events. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the model is a two state model with a first state corresponding to normal functioning behavior of the first door and second state corresponding to malfunctioning behavior of the first door, wherein the model is specific to the selected door. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the model is a Hidden Markov model. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the door lock data is received from a common database for the one or more doors within the building, the door lock data from a designated time period. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the designated time period for which the door lock data was collected is adjustable and selectable by a user. 11. A method of door lock fault detection, the method comprising:
receiving door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within the building indicating operation of the one or more doors; selecting a period for which the door lock data was collected; selecting a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected; identifying segments of the data indicating activity of the first door; applying a generated model to the identified segments of the data indicating activity of the first door; computing a probability metric for each identified segment of the data; computing a combined probability score for the first door based on the computed probability metrics for each identified segment of the data, wherein the combined probability score indicates normal function or malfunction of the first door; and classifying the function of the first door by comparing the combined probability score to a threshold. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising classifying the function of the first door as normally functioning or malfunctioning by comparing the combined probability score to the threshold and generating a maintenance alert for the first door responsive to the combined probability score exceeding the threshold. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the threshold is computed based on historical system data or user preferences. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein different doors of the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected have different thresholds for classification as normally functioning or malfunctioning. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the segments of the data indicating activity of the first door comprise door forced open events. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the generated model is a two state model with a first state corresponding to normal functioning behavior of the first door and second state corresponding to malfunctioning behavior of the first door, wherein the generated model is specific to a selected door. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the generated model is a Hidden Markov Model. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the door lock data is received from an access control system comprising a common database for the one or more doors within the building, the door lock data from a designated time period. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the period for which the door lock data was collected is be adjustable and can further be selected by a user. 20. A door lock fault detection system comprising:
one or more computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement operations comprising:
receiving door lock data collected from one or more sensors for one or more doors within a building indicating operation of the one or more doors;
selecting a period for which the door lock data was collected;
selecting a first door from the one or more doors of the building for which data is collected;
identifying segments of the data indicating activity of the first door;
applying a generated model to the identified segments of the data indicating activity of the first door;
computing a probability metric for each identified segment of the data;
computing a combined probability score for the first door based on the computed probability metrics for each identified segment of the data, wherein the combined probability score indicates normal function or malfunction of the door;
applying a threshold to the combined probability score for the first door to classify the first door as normally functioning responsive to the combined probability score being at or below the threshold and classifying the first door as malfunctioning responsive to the combined probability score being above the threshold; and
generating an alert responsive to the combined probability score for the first door being above the threshold. | 2,600 |
344,270 | 16,803,746 | 2,683 | An apparatus for capturing an image of at least one object appearing in an imaging field of view (FOV). A housing has an imaging sensor operably coupled with the circuit board, the imaging sensor configured to capture an image frame appearing in the imaging FOV and defining an imaging axis. An illumination assembly has a plurality of light sources operably coupled with the circuit board, a diffuser positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources, the diffuser configured to generate a diffused light pattern, and a light pipe positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources to generate a direct illumination pattern and an off-axis illumination pattern, wherein the direct illumination pattern is oriented generally parallel to the imaging axis and the off-axis illumination pattern is configured to intersect the imaging axis. | 1. An assembly for capturing at least one image of an object appearing in an imaging field of view (FOV) the assembly comprising:
a circuit board; an imaging sensor operably coupled with the circuit board, the imaging sensor configured to capture an image frame appearing in the imaging FOV and defining an imaging axis; an illumination assembly including:
a plurality of light sources operably coupled with the circuit board, the plurality of light sources configured to emit light to illuminate the object;
a diffuser positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources, the diffuser configured to generate a diffused light pattern; and
a first light pipe positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources to generate a direct illumination pattern and an off-axis illumination pattern, wherein the direct illumination pattern is oriented generally parallel to the imaging axis and the off-axis illumination pattern is configured to intersect the imaging axis,
wherein the first light pipe includes:
a body having a first end and a second end and defining a longitudinal light pipe axis;
an input surface positioned at the first end of the body, the input surface configured to be positioned adjacent to, and to receive the emitted light from, the plurality of light sources; and
an exit surface positioned at the second end of the body extending across a width of the first light pipe, the exit surface including a first exit surface portion and a second exit surface portion, the first exit surface portion being oriented generally perpendicular to the imaging axis and the second exit surface portion being oriented at an angle greater than approximately 85° relative to the imaging axis;
wherein the longitudinal light pipe axis of the body of the first light pipe is configured to be parallel to the imaging axis and wherein the exit surface is configured to direct the emitted light towards the object. 2. (canceled) 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the input surface has a positive optical power. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the input surface includes a plurality of surfaces each having a positive optical power. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the exit surface has a negative optical power. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the exit surface includes a first exit surface portion having a concave surface and a second exit surface portion having a convex surface being positioned adjacent to the first exit surface portion. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the second exit surface portion defines a wedge. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the diffuser includes a diffusing body and a flange portion surrounding the diffusing body, the diffusing body having a central region defining an opening dimensioned to be at least equal to the imaging FOV, and the central region extending from a first height to a second height to define a curved wall corresponding to the imaging FOV. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the flange portion includes a flange opening configured to receive a portion of the first light pipe. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the first light pipe further includes a mounting member configured to operably couple the first light pipe with the diffuser. 11. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the imaging FOV includes an imaging FOV width and an imaging FOV height, wherein the width of the first light pipe is configured to be positioned parallel to the imaging FOV width along the flange portion of the diffuser. 12. The assembly of claim 11, further comprising a second light pipe positioned on the flange portion of the diffuser opposite the first light pipe. 13. The assembly of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of light sources positioned relative to surfaces of the diffuser configured to provide optical energy to the diffuser to generate diffuse illumination of the object, and at least two light sources configured to provide optical energy to the light pipe to generate direct and indirect illumination of the object. 14. A light pipe for use in a barcode reader having an illumination assembly configured to illuminate at least one object to be captured by an imaging assembly, the light pipe including:
a body having a first end and a second end and defining a longitudinal light pipe axis; an input surface positioned at the first end of the body, the input surface configured to be positioned adjacent to and receive emitted light from an illumination source of the imaging assembly; an exit surface positioned at the second end of the body, the exit surface including a first exit surface portion and a second exit surface portion, the first exit surface portion being oriented generally perpendicular to the longitudinal light pipe axis and the second exit surface portion being oriented at an angle greater than approximately 85° relative to the longitudinal light pipe axis, wherein the exit surface is configured to direct the emitted light towards the object; wherein the body is configured to generate a direct illumination pattern and an off-axis illumination pattern at the exit surface, wherein the direct illumination pattern exits the exit surface at the first exit surface portion and the off-axis illumination pattern exits the exit surface at the second exit surface portion. 15. The light pipe of claim 14, wherein the light pipe is configured to transmit at approximately 90% of the emitted light received at the input surface through the exit surface. 16. The light pipe of claim 15, wherein the exit surface portion is configured to transmit at least approximately 40% of the emitted light received at the input surface as direct illumination to the object. 17. The light pipe of claim 14, wherein the input surface has a positive optical power. 18. The light pipe of claim 17, wherein the input surface includes a plurality of converging lenses. 19. The light pipe of claim 14, wherein the exit surface has a negative optical power. 20. The light pipe of claim 19, wherein the first exit surface portion has a concave surface and the second exit surface portion has a convex surface, and wherein the second exit surface portion is positioned adjacent to the first exit surface portion. 21. The light pipe of claim 19, wherein the second exit surface portion defines a wedge. 22. The light pipe of claim 14, further including a mounting member extending from the first end of the body, the mounting member configured to engage a corresponding mounting member on an illumination circuit board of the illumination assembly. 23. The light pipe of claim 22, wherein the mounting member includes a locating pin. 24-41. (canceled) | An apparatus for capturing an image of at least one object appearing in an imaging field of view (FOV). A housing has an imaging sensor operably coupled with the circuit board, the imaging sensor configured to capture an image frame appearing in the imaging FOV and defining an imaging axis. An illumination assembly has a plurality of light sources operably coupled with the circuit board, a diffuser positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources, the diffuser configured to generate a diffused light pattern, and a light pipe positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources to generate a direct illumination pattern and an off-axis illumination pattern, wherein the direct illumination pattern is oriented generally parallel to the imaging axis and the off-axis illumination pattern is configured to intersect the imaging axis.1. An assembly for capturing at least one image of an object appearing in an imaging field of view (FOV) the assembly comprising:
a circuit board; an imaging sensor operably coupled with the circuit board, the imaging sensor configured to capture an image frame appearing in the imaging FOV and defining an imaging axis; an illumination assembly including:
a plurality of light sources operably coupled with the circuit board, the plurality of light sources configured to emit light to illuminate the object;
a diffuser positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources, the diffuser configured to generate a diffused light pattern; and
a first light pipe positioned adjacent to the plurality of light sources to generate a direct illumination pattern and an off-axis illumination pattern, wherein the direct illumination pattern is oriented generally parallel to the imaging axis and the off-axis illumination pattern is configured to intersect the imaging axis,
wherein the first light pipe includes:
a body having a first end and a second end and defining a longitudinal light pipe axis;
an input surface positioned at the first end of the body, the input surface configured to be positioned adjacent to, and to receive the emitted light from, the plurality of light sources; and
an exit surface positioned at the second end of the body extending across a width of the first light pipe, the exit surface including a first exit surface portion and a second exit surface portion, the first exit surface portion being oriented generally perpendicular to the imaging axis and the second exit surface portion being oriented at an angle greater than approximately 85° relative to the imaging axis;
wherein the longitudinal light pipe axis of the body of the first light pipe is configured to be parallel to the imaging axis and wherein the exit surface is configured to direct the emitted light towards the object. 2. (canceled) 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the input surface has a positive optical power. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the input surface includes a plurality of surfaces each having a positive optical power. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the exit surface has a negative optical power. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the exit surface includes a first exit surface portion having a concave surface and a second exit surface portion having a convex surface being positioned adjacent to the first exit surface portion. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the second exit surface portion defines a wedge. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the diffuser includes a diffusing body and a flange portion surrounding the diffusing body, the diffusing body having a central region defining an opening dimensioned to be at least equal to the imaging FOV, and the central region extending from a first height to a second height to define a curved wall corresponding to the imaging FOV. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the flange portion includes a flange opening configured to receive a portion of the first light pipe. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the first light pipe further includes a mounting member configured to operably couple the first light pipe with the diffuser. 11. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the imaging FOV includes an imaging FOV width and an imaging FOV height, wherein the width of the first light pipe is configured to be positioned parallel to the imaging FOV width along the flange portion of the diffuser. 12. The assembly of claim 11, further comprising a second light pipe positioned on the flange portion of the diffuser opposite the first light pipe. 13. The assembly of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of light sources positioned relative to surfaces of the diffuser configured to provide optical energy to the diffuser to generate diffuse illumination of the object, and at least two light sources configured to provide optical energy to the light pipe to generate direct and indirect illumination of the object. 14. A light pipe for use in a barcode reader having an illumination assembly configured to illuminate at least one object to be captured by an imaging assembly, the light pipe including:
a body having a first end and a second end and defining a longitudinal light pipe axis; an input surface positioned at the first end of the body, the input surface configured to be positioned adjacent to and receive emitted light from an illumination source of the imaging assembly; an exit surface positioned at the second end of the body, the exit surface including a first exit surface portion and a second exit surface portion, the first exit surface portion being oriented generally perpendicular to the longitudinal light pipe axis and the second exit surface portion being oriented at an angle greater than approximately 85° relative to the longitudinal light pipe axis, wherein the exit surface is configured to direct the emitted light towards the object; wherein the body is configured to generate a direct illumination pattern and an off-axis illumination pattern at the exit surface, wherein the direct illumination pattern exits the exit surface at the first exit surface portion and the off-axis illumination pattern exits the exit surface at the second exit surface portion. 15. The light pipe of claim 14, wherein the light pipe is configured to transmit at approximately 90% of the emitted light received at the input surface through the exit surface. 16. The light pipe of claim 15, wherein the exit surface portion is configured to transmit at least approximately 40% of the emitted light received at the input surface as direct illumination to the object. 17. The light pipe of claim 14, wherein the input surface has a positive optical power. 18. The light pipe of claim 17, wherein the input surface includes a plurality of converging lenses. 19. The light pipe of claim 14, wherein the exit surface has a negative optical power. 20. The light pipe of claim 19, wherein the first exit surface portion has a concave surface and the second exit surface portion has a convex surface, and wherein the second exit surface portion is positioned adjacent to the first exit surface portion. 21. The light pipe of claim 19, wherein the second exit surface portion defines a wedge. 22. The light pipe of claim 14, further including a mounting member extending from the first end of the body, the mounting member configured to engage a corresponding mounting member on an illumination circuit board of the illumination assembly. 23. The light pipe of claim 22, wherein the mounting member includes a locating pin. 24-41. (canceled) | 2,600 |
344,271 | 16,803,738 | 2,683 | The invention relates to dual targeting siRNA agents targeting a PCSK9 gene and a second gene, and methods of using dual targeting siRNA agents to inhibit expression of PCSK9 and to treat PCSK9 related disorders, e.g., hyperlipidemia. | 1. A dual targeting siRNA agent comprising a first dsRNA targeting a PCSK9 gene and a second dsRNA targeting a second gene, wherein the first dsRNA and the second dsRNA are linked with a covalent linker. 2. (canceled) 3. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the second gene is selected from the group consisting of XBP-1, PCSK9, PCSK5, ApoC3, SCAP, and MIG12. 4. (canceled) 5. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first dsRNA comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of an antisense strand of one of Tables 1, 2, or 4-8, or comprises an antisense strand of one of Tables 1, 2, or 4-8, or comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand of one of Tables 1, 2, or 4-8. 6. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first dsRNA comprises AD-9680 or AD-10792. 7. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the second dsRNA comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of an antisense strand of one of Tables 3 or 9-13, or comprises an antisense strand of one of Tables 3 or 9-13, or comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand of one of Tables 3 or 9-13. 8. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the second dsRNA comprises AD-18038. 9. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first and second dsRNA comprises at least one modified nucleotide. 10. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 9, wherein the modified nucleotide is chosen from the group of: a 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphorothioate group, and a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group. 11. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 9, wherein the modified nucleotide is chosen from the group of: a 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2′-deoxy-modified nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, a 2′-amino-modified nucleotide, a 2′-alkyl-modified nucleotide, a morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, and a non-natural base comprising nucleotide. 12. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein each strand of each dsRNA is 19-23 bases in length. 13. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first and second dsRNAs are linked with a disulfide linker. 14. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the covalent linker links the sense strand of the first dsRNA to the sense strand of the second dsRNA. 15. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the covalent linker links the antisense strand of the first dsRNA to the antisense strand of the second dsRNA. 16. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, further comprising a ligand. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1 and a pharmaceutical carrier. 20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutical carrier is a lipid formulation. 21.-23. (canceled) 24. A method of inhibiting expression of the PCSK9 gene and a second gene in a cell, the method comprising (a) introducing into the cell the dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1; and (b) maintaining the cell produced in step (a) for a time sufficient to obtain degradation of the mRNA transcript of the PCSK9 gene and the second gene, thereby inhibiting expression of the PCSK9 gene and the second gene in the cell. 25. A method of treating a disorder mediated by PCSK9 expression or of reducing total serum cholesterol in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 19. 26.-30. (canceled) | The invention relates to dual targeting siRNA agents targeting a PCSK9 gene and a second gene, and methods of using dual targeting siRNA agents to inhibit expression of PCSK9 and to treat PCSK9 related disorders, e.g., hyperlipidemia.1. A dual targeting siRNA agent comprising a first dsRNA targeting a PCSK9 gene and a second dsRNA targeting a second gene, wherein the first dsRNA and the second dsRNA are linked with a covalent linker. 2. (canceled) 3. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the second gene is selected from the group consisting of XBP-1, PCSK9, PCSK5, ApoC3, SCAP, and MIG12. 4. (canceled) 5. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first dsRNA comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of an antisense strand of one of Tables 1, 2, or 4-8, or comprises an antisense strand of one of Tables 1, 2, or 4-8, or comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand of one of Tables 1, 2, or 4-8. 6. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first dsRNA comprises AD-9680 or AD-10792. 7. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the second dsRNA comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of an antisense strand of one of Tables 3 or 9-13, or comprises an antisense strand of one of Tables 3 or 9-13, or comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand of one of Tables 3 or 9-13. 8. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the second dsRNA comprises AD-18038. 9. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first and second dsRNA comprises at least one modified nucleotide. 10. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 9, wherein the modified nucleotide is chosen from the group of: a 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphorothioate group, and a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group. 11. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 9, wherein the modified nucleotide is chosen from the group of: a 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2′-deoxy-modified nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, a 2′-amino-modified nucleotide, a 2′-alkyl-modified nucleotide, a morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, and a non-natural base comprising nucleotide. 12. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein each strand of each dsRNA is 19-23 bases in length. 13. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the first and second dsRNAs are linked with a disulfide linker. 14. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the covalent linker links the sense strand of the first dsRNA to the sense strand of the second dsRNA. 15. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, wherein the covalent linker links the antisense strand of the first dsRNA to the antisense strand of the second dsRNA. 16. The dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1, further comprising a ligand. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1 and a pharmaceutical carrier. 20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutical carrier is a lipid formulation. 21.-23. (canceled) 24. A method of inhibiting expression of the PCSK9 gene and a second gene in a cell, the method comprising (a) introducing into the cell the dual targeting siRNA agent of claim 1; and (b) maintaining the cell produced in step (a) for a time sufficient to obtain degradation of the mRNA transcript of the PCSK9 gene and the second gene, thereby inhibiting expression of the PCSK9 gene and the second gene in the cell. 25. A method of treating a disorder mediated by PCSK9 expression or of reducing total serum cholesterol in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 19. 26.-30. (canceled) | 2,600 |
344,272 | 16,803,755 | 2,856 | This invention concerns a volumetric meter used to measure the empty volume of a reservoir/tank (RT) in automobiles, industrial reservoirs, and others, which may be irregular in shape, undeformable and hermetic, stationary or moving, flat or on an incline. This innovative electro-pneumatic volumetric meter allows the volume of the contents of a reservoir/tank to be measured precisely. | 1. A volumetric meter comprising:
a reservoir/tank connected by tubes or air hoses to a lung/air piston, wherein the lung/air piston is configured to be moved by an actuator; a pressure sensor connected thereto to an assembly comprising the reservoir/tank, the tubes or air hoses, the lung/air piston and the actuator, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to allow movement of air to be recorded and senses pressure in the assembly; an electronic command and control module that is connected by electric wires attached to the assembly wherein the pressure sensor senses the pressure each time the actuator is turned on, which, in conjunction with the lung/piston once started, at least one of suctions air from the reservoir/tank or returns air to the reservoir/tank; a display that is designed to display a result of a volume scan; a power source that connects the volumetric meter to a power grid, wherein in response to energy being available at 12 volts, the power source is disconnected and the electronic command and control module is connected directly to an electricity network, wherein the volumetric meter is configured to be controlled via a remote control with a liquid crystal display (LCD) that indicates the result of the volume scan using a radiofrequency signal (RF), and controls an on/off function of the electronic command and control module, wherein data obtained by the pressure sensor is stored in a memory in the command and control module, wherein the command and control module performs calculations and displays results of the calculations. 2. The volumetric meter of claim 1, further comprising a set of rules for sequencing empty volume calculations in the reservoir/tank, where:
constant fixed records—MF 3. The volumetric meter of claim 1, wherein the volumetric meter is an electro-pneumatic volumetric meter. 4. The volumetric meter of claim 1, wherein the volumetric meter is used to measure empty volume of the reservoir/tank in at least one of automobiles or industrial reservoirs, wherein the at least one of automobiles or industrial reservoirs are at least one of irregular in shape, undeformable and hermetic, stationary or moving, flat or on an incline. 5. The volumetric meter of claim 1, wherein the electronic command and control module is coupled to the pressure sensor, the display, the actuator, and the power source. | This invention concerns a volumetric meter used to measure the empty volume of a reservoir/tank (RT) in automobiles, industrial reservoirs, and others, which may be irregular in shape, undeformable and hermetic, stationary or moving, flat or on an incline. This innovative electro-pneumatic volumetric meter allows the volume of the contents of a reservoir/tank to be measured precisely.1. A volumetric meter comprising:
a reservoir/tank connected by tubes or air hoses to a lung/air piston, wherein the lung/air piston is configured to be moved by an actuator; a pressure sensor connected thereto to an assembly comprising the reservoir/tank, the tubes or air hoses, the lung/air piston and the actuator, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to allow movement of air to be recorded and senses pressure in the assembly; an electronic command and control module that is connected by electric wires attached to the assembly wherein the pressure sensor senses the pressure each time the actuator is turned on, which, in conjunction with the lung/piston once started, at least one of suctions air from the reservoir/tank or returns air to the reservoir/tank; a display that is designed to display a result of a volume scan; a power source that connects the volumetric meter to a power grid, wherein in response to energy being available at 12 volts, the power source is disconnected and the electronic command and control module is connected directly to an electricity network, wherein the volumetric meter is configured to be controlled via a remote control with a liquid crystal display (LCD) that indicates the result of the volume scan using a radiofrequency signal (RF), and controls an on/off function of the electronic command and control module, wherein data obtained by the pressure sensor is stored in a memory in the command and control module, wherein the command and control module performs calculations and displays results of the calculations. 2. The volumetric meter of claim 1, further comprising a set of rules for sequencing empty volume calculations in the reservoir/tank, where:
constant fixed records—MF 3. The volumetric meter of claim 1, wherein the volumetric meter is an electro-pneumatic volumetric meter. 4. The volumetric meter of claim 1, wherein the volumetric meter is used to measure empty volume of the reservoir/tank in at least one of automobiles or industrial reservoirs, wherein the at least one of automobiles or industrial reservoirs are at least one of irregular in shape, undeformable and hermetic, stationary or moving, flat or on an incline. 5. The volumetric meter of claim 1, wherein the electronic command and control module is coupled to the pressure sensor, the display, the actuator, and the power source. | 2,800 |
344,273 | 16,803,744 | 2,856 | A beverage container having a straw storage compartment in the base of the container for a self-contained straw is described herein. The beverage container may comprise a container body having a beverage holding chamber and a straw storage compartment configured to enable storage of a removable drinking straw. A removable bottom closure component may be provided for opening and closing the straw storage compartment. The straw-holding structure may be attached to a wall defining the straw storage compartment or attached to an inner portion of the removable bottom closure component, such that when the removable bottom closure component is positioned to close the straw storage compartment, the straw-holding structure is located within the straw storage compartment. When the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at an open lower end of the container body, the removable drinking straw may be entirely enclosed within the beverage container. | 1. A beverage container comprising:
a container body having a container wall, a beverage holding chamber for holding a liquid having an open upper end and a closed lower end, and a straw storage compartment having a closed upper end and an open lower end, wherein an interior divider of the container body integral with the container wall defines the closed lower end of the beverage holding chamber and the closed upper end of the straw storage compartment; and a removable bottom closure component configured to engage the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment and temporarily enclose the straw storage compartment, wherein a removable drinking straw is entirely enclosed within the straw storage compartment when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 2. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the beverage container further comprises:
a lid configured to engage the container body at the open upper end of the beverage holding chamber and temporarily enclose the beverage holding chamber. 3. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the removable bottom closure component further comprises a straw-holding structure configured to secure the removable drinking straw within the removable bottom closure component. 4. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the straw storage compartment further comprises a straw-holding structure configured to secure the removable drinking straw within the straw storage compartment. 5. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the beverage container further comprises a straw-holding structure, the straw-holding structure comprising one or more channels configured to receive the removable drinking straw and hold the removable drinking straw in a relatively fixed position within the straw storage compartment. 6. The beverage container of claim 5, wherein the one or more channels are configured to receive and hold the removable drinking straw, the removable drinking straw having one or more bends. 7. The beverage container of claim 6, wherein the one or more channels include one or more protrusions configured to retain the removable drinking straw within the channel. 8. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the interior divider physically separates the beverage holding chamber from the straw storage compartment. 9. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the removable bottom closure component comprises an outer wall having at least a first portion configured to engage the open lower end of the straw storage compartment, wherein the first portion of the outer wall is enclosed within the straw storage compartment when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 10. The beverage container of claim 9, wherein the first portion of the outer wall comprises screw threads configured to engage screw threads on an inner wall of the straw storage compartment. 11. The beverage container of claim 9, wherein the outer wall further comprises a second portion integral with the first portion, wherein an outer diameter of the second portion is greater than an outer diameter of the first portion, and wherein the second portion forms an exposed lip extending below the container wall when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 12. The beverage container of claim 11, wherein the second portion of the outer wall comprises ridges configured to facilitate engagement with the removable bottom closure component by a user when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 13. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the container wall comprises an interior wall and an exterior wall separated by a gap having at least a partial vacuum therein. 14. The beverage container of claim 13, wherein interior divider comprises an upper wall and a lower wall separated by a gap having at least a partial vacuum therein. 15. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the open upper end of the beverage holding chamber comprises an opening through which the liquid is accessed by a user. 16. The beverage container of claim 2, wherein the lid seals the beverage holding chamber opening in a closed position. 17. The beverage container of claim 2, wherein in an open position the lid comprises a straw opening configured to receive the removable straw, wherein a diameter of the straw opening is no smaller than an outer diameter of the removable straw. 18. The beverage container of claim 2, wherein in an open position the lid comprises a first opening through which the liquid is accessed by a user. 19. The beverage container of claim 18, wherein in an open position the lid further comprises a second opening configured to equalize pressure within the beverage holding chamber when the liquid is dispensed through the first opening. 20. The beverage container of claim 19, wherein the second opening is integral with the first opening. | A beverage container having a straw storage compartment in the base of the container for a self-contained straw is described herein. The beverage container may comprise a container body having a beverage holding chamber and a straw storage compartment configured to enable storage of a removable drinking straw. A removable bottom closure component may be provided for opening and closing the straw storage compartment. The straw-holding structure may be attached to a wall defining the straw storage compartment or attached to an inner portion of the removable bottom closure component, such that when the removable bottom closure component is positioned to close the straw storage compartment, the straw-holding structure is located within the straw storage compartment. When the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at an open lower end of the container body, the removable drinking straw may be entirely enclosed within the beverage container.1. A beverage container comprising:
a container body having a container wall, a beverage holding chamber for holding a liquid having an open upper end and a closed lower end, and a straw storage compartment having a closed upper end and an open lower end, wherein an interior divider of the container body integral with the container wall defines the closed lower end of the beverage holding chamber and the closed upper end of the straw storage compartment; and a removable bottom closure component configured to engage the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment and temporarily enclose the straw storage compartment, wherein a removable drinking straw is entirely enclosed within the straw storage compartment when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 2. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the beverage container further comprises:
a lid configured to engage the container body at the open upper end of the beverage holding chamber and temporarily enclose the beverage holding chamber. 3. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the removable bottom closure component further comprises a straw-holding structure configured to secure the removable drinking straw within the removable bottom closure component. 4. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the straw storage compartment further comprises a straw-holding structure configured to secure the removable drinking straw within the straw storage compartment. 5. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the beverage container further comprises a straw-holding structure, the straw-holding structure comprising one or more channels configured to receive the removable drinking straw and hold the removable drinking straw in a relatively fixed position within the straw storage compartment. 6. The beverage container of claim 5, wherein the one or more channels are configured to receive and hold the removable drinking straw, the removable drinking straw having one or more bends. 7. The beverage container of claim 6, wherein the one or more channels include one or more protrusions configured to retain the removable drinking straw within the channel. 8. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the interior divider physically separates the beverage holding chamber from the straw storage compartment. 9. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the removable bottom closure component comprises an outer wall having at least a first portion configured to engage the open lower end of the straw storage compartment, wherein the first portion of the outer wall is enclosed within the straw storage compartment when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 10. The beverage container of claim 9, wherein the first portion of the outer wall comprises screw threads configured to engage screw threads on an inner wall of the straw storage compartment. 11. The beverage container of claim 9, wherein the outer wall further comprises a second portion integral with the first portion, wherein an outer diameter of the second portion is greater than an outer diameter of the first portion, and wherein the second portion forms an exposed lip extending below the container wall when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 12. The beverage container of claim 11, wherein the second portion of the outer wall comprises ridges configured to facilitate engagement with the removable bottom closure component by a user when the removable bottom closure component is fully engaged with the container body at the open lower end of the straw storage compartment. 13. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the container wall comprises an interior wall and an exterior wall separated by a gap having at least a partial vacuum therein. 14. The beverage container of claim 13, wherein interior divider comprises an upper wall and a lower wall separated by a gap having at least a partial vacuum therein. 15. The beverage container of claim 1, wherein the open upper end of the beverage holding chamber comprises an opening through which the liquid is accessed by a user. 16. The beverage container of claim 2, wherein the lid seals the beverage holding chamber opening in a closed position. 17. The beverage container of claim 2, wherein in an open position the lid comprises a straw opening configured to receive the removable straw, wherein a diameter of the straw opening is no smaller than an outer diameter of the removable straw. 18. The beverage container of claim 2, wherein in an open position the lid comprises a first opening through which the liquid is accessed by a user. 19. The beverage container of claim 18, wherein in an open position the lid further comprises a second opening configured to equalize pressure within the beverage holding chamber when the liquid is dispensed through the first opening. 20. The beverage container of claim 19, wherein the second opening is integral with the first opening. | 2,800 |
344,274 | 16,803,753 | 2,856 | A vehicle truck includes a first side frame, a second side frame, a bolster, a first yaw separator connected to the first side frame, and a second yaw separator connected to the second side frame. Each yaw separator includes two steering arms and an arm connector assembly. The yaw separators are configured to alter yaw movement of the truck that leads to truck hunting. | 1. A vehicle truck comprising:
a side frame; a yaw separator connected to the side frame including:
a first steering arm;
a second steering arm; and
an arm connector assembly connected to a first end of the first steering arm and a first end of the second steering arm,
the yaw separator configured to alter yaw movement of the truck that leads to truck hunting via elastic movement of the first steering arm, the second steering arm, and the arm connector assembly. 2. The truck of claim 1, wherein the yaw separator partially extends through a hollow space within the side frame. 3. The truck of claim 2, wherein a second end of the first steering arm is connected to a first roller bearing adapter assembly connector and a second end of the second steering arm is connected to a second roller bearing adapter assembly connector. 4. The truck of claim 3, wherein the first roller bearing adapter assembly connector and the second roller bearing adapter assembly connector each include a first bearing coupler and a second bearing coupler. 5. The truck of claim 4, wherein the first bearing coupler includes a curved bottom having engagement members configured to match a curvature of a bearing adapter of a wheel set of the truck. 6. The truck of claim 5, wherein the second bearing coupler is a mirror image of the first bearing coupler and includes a curved bottom having engagement members configured to match the curvature of the bearing adapter of the wheel set of the truck. 7. The truck of claim 6, wherein the first roller bearing adapter assembly connector is engaged with the bearing adapter of the wheel set via the first bearing coupler and the second bearing coupler. 8. The truck of claim 7, wherein the second roller bearing adapter assembly connector is engaged with another bearing adapter of the wheel set via another first bearing coupler and another second bearing coupler. 9. The truck of claim 8, wherein yaw movement of a wheel of the wheelset is transferred to onto the yaw separator via the first roller bearing adapter assembly or the second roller bearing adapter assembly. 10. The truck of claim 9, wherein the yaw movement is transferred from the bearing adapter to the first roller bearing adapter assembly connector to the first end of the first steering arm, and where the yaw movement is subsequently transferred to the another bearing adapter from the second steering arm via the arm connector assembly. 11. The truck of claim 10, wherein the yaw movement is transferred from the another bearing adapter to the second roller bearing adapter assembly connector to the first end of the second steering arm where the movement is subsequently transferred to the bearing adapter from the first steering arm via the arm connector assembly. 12. The truck of claim 1, wherein the yaw separator is retrofit into the side frame. 13. The truck of claim 1, wherein the yaw separator is connected to an external surface of the side frame. 14. A yaw separator comprising:
a first steering arm including:
a first interior force transfer member connected to a first exterior force transfer member via a first transfer member connector assembly, the first exterior force transfer member also connected to a first roller bearing adapter assembly connector;
a second steering arm including:
a second interior force transfer member connected to a second exterior force transfer member via a second transfer member connector assembly, the second exterior force transfer member also connected to a second roller bearing adapter assembly connector; and
an arm connector assembly connected to the first interior force transfer member of the first steering arm and the second interior force transfer member of the second steering arm. 15. The yaw separator of claim 14, wherein the first interior force transfer member and the second interior force transfer member are each connected to a pivot bracket. 16. The yaw separator of claim 14, wherein the arm connector assembly includes a spring assembly, the spring assembly comprising two sets of angle brackets and a lateral bracket connection plate. 17. A yaw separator device for a vehicle truck comprising:
a first steering arm configured to be connected to an end of a first wheel set of the truck; a second steering arm configured to be connected to an end of a second wheel set of the truck; and an arm connector assembly configured to connect the first steering arm and the second steering arm, the arm connector assembly including one or more spring assemblies, the first steering arm, the second steering arm, and the arm connector assembly configured to be connected to a side frame of the truck, the first wheel set and the second wheel set, such that when a force acts on the end of the first wheel set in a first direction, the arm connector assembly transmits a corresponding force to the end of the second wheel set in a second direction opposite the first direction. 18. The yaw separator device of claim 17, wherein the arm connector assembly is configured to align the first steering arm and the second steering arm along a longitudinal axis of the side frame in an equilibrium position. 19. The yaw separator device of claim 17, wherein the one or more spring assemblies of the arm connector assembly are configured to enable movement of the arm connector assembly in a lateral direction responsive to movement of the end of the first wheel set in the first direction and movement of the end of the second wheel set in the second direction opposite the first direction. 20. The yaw separator device of claim 17, wherein the one or more spring assemblies of the arm connector assembly are configured to prevent movement of the arm connector assembly in a lateral direction responsive to movement of the end of the first wheel set in the first direction and movement of the end of the second wheel set in the first direction. | A vehicle truck includes a first side frame, a second side frame, a bolster, a first yaw separator connected to the first side frame, and a second yaw separator connected to the second side frame. Each yaw separator includes two steering arms and an arm connector assembly. The yaw separators are configured to alter yaw movement of the truck that leads to truck hunting.1. A vehicle truck comprising:
a side frame; a yaw separator connected to the side frame including:
a first steering arm;
a second steering arm; and
an arm connector assembly connected to a first end of the first steering arm and a first end of the second steering arm,
the yaw separator configured to alter yaw movement of the truck that leads to truck hunting via elastic movement of the first steering arm, the second steering arm, and the arm connector assembly. 2. The truck of claim 1, wherein the yaw separator partially extends through a hollow space within the side frame. 3. The truck of claim 2, wherein a second end of the first steering arm is connected to a first roller bearing adapter assembly connector and a second end of the second steering arm is connected to a second roller bearing adapter assembly connector. 4. The truck of claim 3, wherein the first roller bearing adapter assembly connector and the second roller bearing adapter assembly connector each include a first bearing coupler and a second bearing coupler. 5. The truck of claim 4, wherein the first bearing coupler includes a curved bottom having engagement members configured to match a curvature of a bearing adapter of a wheel set of the truck. 6. The truck of claim 5, wherein the second bearing coupler is a mirror image of the first bearing coupler and includes a curved bottom having engagement members configured to match the curvature of the bearing adapter of the wheel set of the truck. 7. The truck of claim 6, wherein the first roller bearing adapter assembly connector is engaged with the bearing adapter of the wheel set via the first bearing coupler and the second bearing coupler. 8. The truck of claim 7, wherein the second roller bearing adapter assembly connector is engaged with another bearing adapter of the wheel set via another first bearing coupler and another second bearing coupler. 9. The truck of claim 8, wherein yaw movement of a wheel of the wheelset is transferred to onto the yaw separator via the first roller bearing adapter assembly or the second roller bearing adapter assembly. 10. The truck of claim 9, wherein the yaw movement is transferred from the bearing adapter to the first roller bearing adapter assembly connector to the first end of the first steering arm, and where the yaw movement is subsequently transferred to the another bearing adapter from the second steering arm via the arm connector assembly. 11. The truck of claim 10, wherein the yaw movement is transferred from the another bearing adapter to the second roller bearing adapter assembly connector to the first end of the second steering arm where the movement is subsequently transferred to the bearing adapter from the first steering arm via the arm connector assembly. 12. The truck of claim 1, wherein the yaw separator is retrofit into the side frame. 13. The truck of claim 1, wherein the yaw separator is connected to an external surface of the side frame. 14. A yaw separator comprising:
a first steering arm including:
a first interior force transfer member connected to a first exterior force transfer member via a first transfer member connector assembly, the first exterior force transfer member also connected to a first roller bearing adapter assembly connector;
a second steering arm including:
a second interior force transfer member connected to a second exterior force transfer member via a second transfer member connector assembly, the second exterior force transfer member also connected to a second roller bearing adapter assembly connector; and
an arm connector assembly connected to the first interior force transfer member of the first steering arm and the second interior force transfer member of the second steering arm. 15. The yaw separator of claim 14, wherein the first interior force transfer member and the second interior force transfer member are each connected to a pivot bracket. 16. The yaw separator of claim 14, wherein the arm connector assembly includes a spring assembly, the spring assembly comprising two sets of angle brackets and a lateral bracket connection plate. 17. A yaw separator device for a vehicle truck comprising:
a first steering arm configured to be connected to an end of a first wheel set of the truck; a second steering arm configured to be connected to an end of a second wheel set of the truck; and an arm connector assembly configured to connect the first steering arm and the second steering arm, the arm connector assembly including one or more spring assemblies, the first steering arm, the second steering arm, and the arm connector assembly configured to be connected to a side frame of the truck, the first wheel set and the second wheel set, such that when a force acts on the end of the first wheel set in a first direction, the arm connector assembly transmits a corresponding force to the end of the second wheel set in a second direction opposite the first direction. 18. The yaw separator device of claim 17, wherein the arm connector assembly is configured to align the first steering arm and the second steering arm along a longitudinal axis of the side frame in an equilibrium position. 19. The yaw separator device of claim 17, wherein the one or more spring assemblies of the arm connector assembly are configured to enable movement of the arm connector assembly in a lateral direction responsive to movement of the end of the first wheel set in the first direction and movement of the end of the second wheel set in the second direction opposite the first direction. 20. The yaw separator device of claim 17, wherein the one or more spring assemblies of the arm connector assembly are configured to prevent movement of the arm connector assembly in a lateral direction responsive to movement of the end of the first wheel set in the first direction and movement of the end of the second wheel set in the first direction. | 2,800 |
344,275 | 16,803,729 | 2,856 | A method and apparatus for (a) operating a first full-duplex transceiver to exchange radio-frequency signals with a second full-duplex transceiver, (b) determining at the first full-duplex transceiver that a residual self-interference signal exceeds a threshold, (c) in response to the determination that the residual self-interference signal exceeds the threshold, performing a self-training operation. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a first full-duplex transceiver including:
an antenna configured to exchange radio-frequency signals with a second full-duplex transceiver;
a processor coupled to the antenna, the processor configured to:
measure a self-interference signal;
compare the self-interference signal with a threshold to determine whether a residual self-interference signal exceeds the threshold; and
in response to the determination that the residual self-interference signal exceeds the threshold, direct a self-training operation, the self-training operation using self-training signals that are phase-shifted versions of a set of distant-training signals. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to embed information based on a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio in a distant training signal transmitted to the second full-duplex transceiver. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to embed information on an index of a layer to use for self-training, including information related to phase of distant-training symbols sent to a distant counterpart. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
direct the self-training operation by transmission of self-training symbols in half-duplex mode; and send a message to the second full-duplex transceiver to remain silent during the self-training operation. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit a first distant-training symbol of the set of distant-training symbols to the second full-duplex transceiver to teach the second full-duplex transceiver of a channel from the first to second full-duplex transceiver; and receive a second distant-training symbol from the second full-duplex transceiver to enable teaching of the first full-duplex transceiver of a channel from the second to the first full-duplex transceiver. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training signal by time-multiplexing the first distant-training signal in half-duplex mode. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training signal by time-multiplexing the first distant-training signal in full-duplex mode. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training symbol by time-multiplexing the first distant-training symbol in a different time slot than a time slot used for receiving the second distant-training symbol. 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training symbol by time-multiplexing the first distant-training symbol in a time slot equal to a time slot used for receiving the second distant-training symbol. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to use the second distant-training symbol to determine self-interference in the channel from the second full-duplex transceiver to the first full-duplex transceiver. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to direct the self-training operation based on the determined self-interference in the channel from the second full-duplex transceiver to the first full-duplex transceiver. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first transceiver sends a message to the second transceiver to delay performing a distant training operation if performing a self-training operation. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the self-training operation comprises transmitting successively first and second distant-training symbols of the set of distant-training symbols from the first full-duplex transceiver to the second full-duplex transceiver with a time interval for the successive transmission that is adapted to a rate of variations in a channel from the first full-duplex transceiver to the second full-duplex transceiver. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein performing a self-training operation comprises transmitting a partial self-training signal that comprises multiple layers of different depths in a nested manner. | A method and apparatus for (a) operating a first full-duplex transceiver to exchange radio-frequency signals with a second full-duplex transceiver, (b) determining at the first full-duplex transceiver that a residual self-interference signal exceeds a threshold, (c) in response to the determination that the residual self-interference signal exceeds the threshold, performing a self-training operation.1. An apparatus comprising:
a first full-duplex transceiver including:
an antenna configured to exchange radio-frequency signals with a second full-duplex transceiver;
a processor coupled to the antenna, the processor configured to:
measure a self-interference signal;
compare the self-interference signal with a threshold to determine whether a residual self-interference signal exceeds the threshold; and
in response to the determination that the residual self-interference signal exceeds the threshold, direct a self-training operation, the self-training operation using self-training signals that are phase-shifted versions of a set of distant-training signals. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to embed information based on a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio in a distant training signal transmitted to the second full-duplex transceiver. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to embed information on an index of a layer to use for self-training, including information related to phase of distant-training symbols sent to a distant counterpart. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
direct the self-training operation by transmission of self-training symbols in half-duplex mode; and send a message to the second full-duplex transceiver to remain silent during the self-training operation. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit a first distant-training symbol of the set of distant-training symbols to the second full-duplex transceiver to teach the second full-duplex transceiver of a channel from the first to second full-duplex transceiver; and receive a second distant-training symbol from the second full-duplex transceiver to enable teaching of the first full-duplex transceiver of a channel from the second to the first full-duplex transceiver. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training signal by time-multiplexing the first distant-training signal in half-duplex mode. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training signal by time-multiplexing the first distant-training signal in full-duplex mode. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training symbol by time-multiplexing the first distant-training symbol in a different time slot than a time slot used for receiving the second distant-training symbol. 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the first distant-training symbol by time-multiplexing the first distant-training symbol in a time slot equal to a time slot used for receiving the second distant-training symbol. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to use the second distant-training symbol to determine self-interference in the channel from the second full-duplex transceiver to the first full-duplex transceiver. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to direct the self-training operation based on the determined self-interference in the channel from the second full-duplex transceiver to the first full-duplex transceiver. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first transceiver sends a message to the second transceiver to delay performing a distant training operation if performing a self-training operation. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the self-training operation comprises transmitting successively first and second distant-training symbols of the set of distant-training symbols from the first full-duplex transceiver to the second full-duplex transceiver with a time interval for the successive transmission that is adapted to a rate of variations in a channel from the first full-duplex transceiver to the second full-duplex transceiver. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein performing a self-training operation comprises transmitting a partial self-training signal that comprises multiple layers of different depths in a nested manner. | 2,800 |
344,276 | 16,803,716 | 2,856 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A parent wireless node may determine that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a child wireless node. The parent wireless node may modify, by at least one of the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, or a second communication link interface of the parent wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the low latency communications. The parent wireless node may transmit, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, a grant to the child wireless node indicating that the low latency communications are to be performed. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a parent wireless node, comprising:
determining that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a child wireless node; modifying, by at least one of a first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, or a second communication link interface of the parent wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the low latency communications; transmitting, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, a grant to the child wireless node indicating that the low latency communications are to be performed; and communicating, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, the low latency communications with the child wireless node using resources identified in the grant, wherein the resource identified in the grant comprises at least a portion of resources of the modified previously configured resource type. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling request from the child wireless node, wherein determining that low latency communications to be performed is based at least in part on the scheduling request; and modifying the previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the scheduling request. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the scheduling request indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the previously configured resource type comprises:
determining that the previously configured resource type comprises resources that are restricted for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with the child wireless node and are allocated for the second communication link interface to use for communicating with an upstream wireless node; overriding, by the first communication link interface, the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type to use for transmitting the grant and the low latency communications to the child wireless node; and overriding, by the second communication link interface, the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type to cancel communicating with an upstream wireless node. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the previously configured resource type comprises at least one of a not available resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as not available, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to an upstream wireless node of the parent wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type were interrupted. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a resource configuration of the child wireless node comprises control channel resources used for transmitting the grant; and selecting, based at least in part on the control channel resources and a processing time of the child wireless node, a scheduling gap for communicating the low latency communications with the child wireless node, the scheduling gap comprising a time gap between transmitting the grant and communicating the low latency communications with the child wireless node. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a field in the grant to indicate that the low latency communications are to be performed. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) associated with low latency communications for the grant to indicate that the low latency communications are to be performed. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the grant to indicate next-hop resources for the child wireless node to forward the grant and the low latency communications to a grandchild wireless node of the parent wireless node. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication link interface comprises a distributed unit function of the parent wireless node, and the second communication link interface comprises a mobile termination function of the parent wireless node. 12. A method for wireless communications at a child wireless node, comprising:
receiving, by a second communication link interface of the child wireless node, a grant from a parent wireless node indicating that low latency communications are to be performed and identifying resources for the low latency communications; modifying, by at least one of a first communication link interface of the child wireless node, or the second communication link interface of the child wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the low latency communications; and communicating the low latency communications with the parent wireless node using resource identified in the grant, wherein at least a portion of the resources identified in the grant comprise at least a portion of resources of the previously configured resource type. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining that low latency communications are to be performed with the parent wireless node; transmitting, based at least in part on the low latency communications, a scheduling request to the parent wireless node; and modifying the previously configured resource type based at least in part on the scheduling request. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
configuring the scheduling request to indicate that the low latency communications are to be performed. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining that the previously configured resource type comprises resources that are restricted for the second communication link interface to use for communicating with the parent wireless node and are allocated for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with a downstream wireless node of the child wireless node; overriding, by the second communication link interface, the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type to use for receiving the grant and the low latency communications from the parent wireless node; and overriding, by the first communication link interface, the portion of the resource of the previously configured resource type to cancel communicating with the downstream wireless node. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the previously configured resource type comprises at least one of a hard resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as available, or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to a downstream wireless node of the child wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type were interrupted. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
decoding a field in the grant to identify the indication that the low latency communications are to be performed. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
decoding a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) in the grant; and determining that the grant indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed based at least in part on the RNTI being associated with low latency communications. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the first communication link interface comprises a distributed unit function of the child wireless node, and the second communication link interface comprises a mobile termination function of the child wireless node. 21. A method for wireless communications at a parent wireless node comprising:
receiving, prior to a determination that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a child wireless node, a configuration signal configuring periodic or semi-static resources; receiving a scheduling request from the child wireless node, wherein the determination that low latency communications are to be performed is based at least in part on the scheduling request; modifying a resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources for a first communication link interface based at least in part on the scheduling request; and communicating, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, the low latency communications with the child wireless node using resources identified in a grant, wherein the resources identified in the grant comprise at least a portion of the periodic or semi-static resources based according to the modified resource type. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the scheduling request indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining that the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises resources that are restricted for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with the child wireless node and are allocated for a second communication link interface to use for communicating with an upstream wireless node; overriding, by the first communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to use for the low latency communications to the child wireless node; and overriding, by a second communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to cancel communicating with the upstream wireless node. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises at least one of a not available resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as not available, or a combination thereof. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to an upstream wireless node of the parent wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the resource type were interrupted. 26. A method for wireless communications at a child wireless node comprising:
receiving, prior to a determination that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a parent wireless node, a configuration signal configuring periodic or semi-static resources; transmitting a scheduling request to the parent wireless node, wherein the determination that low latency communications are to be performed is based at least in part on the scheduling request; modifying, by at least one of a first communication link interface of the child wireless node, or a second communication link interface of the child wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the scheduling request; and communicating, from the first communication link interface of the child wireless node, the low latency communications with the parent wireless node using resources identified in a grant, wherein the resources identified in the grant comprise at least a portion of the periodic or semi-static resources based according to the modified resource type. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the scheduling request indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
determining that the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises resources that are restricted for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with the parent wireless node and are allocated for the second communication link interface to use for communicating with an upstream wireless node; overriding, by the first communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to use for performing the low latency communications with the parent wireless node; and overriding, by the second communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to cancel communicating with the upstream wireless node. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises at least one of a not available resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as not available, or a combination thereof. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to a downstream wireless node of the child wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the resource type were interrupted. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A parent wireless node may determine that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a child wireless node. The parent wireless node may modify, by at least one of the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, or a second communication link interface of the parent wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the low latency communications. The parent wireless node may transmit, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, a grant to the child wireless node indicating that the low latency communications are to be performed.1. A method for wireless communication at a parent wireless node, comprising:
determining that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a child wireless node; modifying, by at least one of a first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, or a second communication link interface of the parent wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the low latency communications; transmitting, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, a grant to the child wireless node indicating that the low latency communications are to be performed; and communicating, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, the low latency communications with the child wireless node using resources identified in the grant, wherein the resource identified in the grant comprises at least a portion of resources of the modified previously configured resource type. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling request from the child wireless node, wherein determining that low latency communications to be performed is based at least in part on the scheduling request; and modifying the previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the scheduling request. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the scheduling request indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the previously configured resource type comprises:
determining that the previously configured resource type comprises resources that are restricted for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with the child wireless node and are allocated for the second communication link interface to use for communicating with an upstream wireless node; overriding, by the first communication link interface, the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type to use for transmitting the grant and the low latency communications to the child wireless node; and overriding, by the second communication link interface, the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type to cancel communicating with an upstream wireless node. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the previously configured resource type comprises at least one of a not available resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as not available, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to an upstream wireless node of the parent wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type were interrupted. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a resource configuration of the child wireless node comprises control channel resources used for transmitting the grant; and selecting, based at least in part on the control channel resources and a processing time of the child wireless node, a scheduling gap for communicating the low latency communications with the child wireless node, the scheduling gap comprising a time gap between transmitting the grant and communicating the low latency communications with the child wireless node. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a field in the grant to indicate that the low latency communications are to be performed. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) associated with low latency communications for the grant to indicate that the low latency communications are to be performed. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the grant to indicate next-hop resources for the child wireless node to forward the grant and the low latency communications to a grandchild wireless node of the parent wireless node. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication link interface comprises a distributed unit function of the parent wireless node, and the second communication link interface comprises a mobile termination function of the parent wireless node. 12. A method for wireless communications at a child wireless node, comprising:
receiving, by a second communication link interface of the child wireless node, a grant from a parent wireless node indicating that low latency communications are to be performed and identifying resources for the low latency communications; modifying, by at least one of a first communication link interface of the child wireless node, or the second communication link interface of the child wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a previously configured resource type for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the low latency communications; and communicating the low latency communications with the parent wireless node using resource identified in the grant, wherein at least a portion of the resources identified in the grant comprise at least a portion of resources of the previously configured resource type. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining that low latency communications are to be performed with the parent wireless node; transmitting, based at least in part on the low latency communications, a scheduling request to the parent wireless node; and modifying the previously configured resource type based at least in part on the scheduling request. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
configuring the scheduling request to indicate that the low latency communications are to be performed. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining that the previously configured resource type comprises resources that are restricted for the second communication link interface to use for communicating with the parent wireless node and are allocated for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with a downstream wireless node of the child wireless node; overriding, by the second communication link interface, the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type to use for receiving the grant and the low latency communications from the parent wireless node; and overriding, by the first communication link interface, the portion of the resource of the previously configured resource type to cancel communicating with the downstream wireless node. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the previously configured resource type comprises at least one of a hard resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as available, or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to a downstream wireless node of the child wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the previously configured resource type were interrupted. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
decoding a field in the grant to identify the indication that the low latency communications are to be performed. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
decoding a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) in the grant; and determining that the grant indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed based at least in part on the RNTI being associated with low latency communications. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the first communication link interface comprises a distributed unit function of the child wireless node, and the second communication link interface comprises a mobile termination function of the child wireless node. 21. A method for wireless communications at a parent wireless node comprising:
receiving, prior to a determination that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a child wireless node, a configuration signal configuring periodic or semi-static resources; receiving a scheduling request from the child wireless node, wherein the determination that low latency communications are to be performed is based at least in part on the scheduling request; modifying a resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources for a first communication link interface based at least in part on the scheduling request; and communicating, from the first communication link interface of the parent wireless node, the low latency communications with the child wireless node using resources identified in a grant, wherein the resources identified in the grant comprise at least a portion of the periodic or semi-static resources based according to the modified resource type. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the scheduling request indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining that the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises resources that are restricted for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with the child wireless node and are allocated for a second communication link interface to use for communicating with an upstream wireless node; overriding, by the first communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to use for the low latency communications to the child wireless node; and overriding, by a second communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to cancel communicating with the upstream wireless node. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises at least one of a not available resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as not available, or a combination thereof. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to an upstream wireless node of the parent wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the resource type were interrupted. 26. A method for wireless communications at a child wireless node comprising:
receiving, prior to a determination that low latency communications having a latency below a threshold are to be performed with a parent wireless node, a configuration signal configuring periodic or semi-static resources; transmitting a scheduling request to the parent wireless node, wherein the determination that low latency communications are to be performed is based at least in part on the scheduling request; modifying, by at least one of a first communication link interface of the child wireless node, or a second communication link interface of the child wireless node that is different from the first communication link interface, or a combination thereof, a resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources for the first communication link interface based at least in part on the scheduling request; and communicating, from the first communication link interface of the child wireless node, the low latency communications with the parent wireless node using resources identified in a grant, wherein the resources identified in the grant comprise at least a portion of the periodic or semi-static resources based according to the modified resource type. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the scheduling request indicates that the low latency communications are to be performed. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
determining that the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises resources that are restricted for the first communication link interface to use for communicating with the parent wireless node and are allocated for the second communication link interface to use for communicating with an upstream wireless node; overriding, by the first communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to use for performing the low latency communications with the parent wireless node; and overriding, by the second communication link interface, a portion of the resources of the resource type to cancel communicating with the upstream wireless node. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the resource type associated with the periodic or semi-static resources comprises at least one of a not available resource type, or a soft resource type indicated as not available, or a combination thereof. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
transmitting an interruption message to a downstream wireless node of the child wireless node indicating that wireless communications using the portion of the resources of the resource type were interrupted. | 2,800 |
344,277 | 16,803,759 | 2,856 | Disclosed is a gripper including a pair of main bodies each having an internal space and spaced apart from each other, a pair of openings provided at ends of the pair of main bodies, a pair of moving bodies protruding from the ends of the pair of main bodies through the openings, a pair of inner bodies fixed in the internal space of the pair of main bodies, and a pair of springs configured to be compressed between the inner body and the moving body. | 1. A gripper for a manipulator of a robot, the gripper comprising:
a pair of main bodies each having an internal space and spaced apart from each other; a pair of openings provided at ends of the pair of main bodies; a pair of moving bodies protruding from the ends of the pair of main bodies through the openings; a pair of inner bodies fixed in the internal space of the pair of main bodies; and a pair of springs configured to be compressed between the inner body and the moving body. 2. The gripper of claim 1, further comprising:
a connecting bar fastened to the moving body, configured to move together with the moving body, and having the spring on an outer circumference thereof, wherein the inner body has a hollow container shape into which the connecting bar is inserted. 3. The gripper of claim 1, further comprising:
a pair of sub-openings provided at the pair of main bodies connected to the openings, and facing each other; and a pair of grip pads fastened to the moving bodies through the sub-openings and facing each other. 4. The gripper of claim 3, wherein
the grip pad includes an elastically deformed material. 5. The gripper of claim 3, wherein
the grip pad protrudes with respect to a virtual surface passing through both ends of the pair of moving bodies. 6. The gripper of claim 3, further comprising:
a pair of rollers located outside the main body and connected to the pair of moving bodies. 7. The gripper of claim 6, wherein
the grip pad is adjacent to a virtual surface tangent to the pair of rollers. 8. The gripper of claim 3, wherein
the moving body comprises: a first surface to which the grip pad is fastened; a second surface located on the opposite side of the first surface; and a third surface connecting the first surface and the second surface, having at least a portion located outside the main body, and inclined to be closer to the main body from the first surface to the second surface. 9. The gripper of claim 8, further comprising:
a roller located outside the main body and connected to the moving body, wherein a rotary shaft of the roller is more adjacent to the second surface or the third surface than to the first surface. 10. The gripper of claim 1, further comprising:
a grip mechanism configured to vary a distance between the pair of main bodies. 11. A gripper for a manipulator of a robot, the gripper comprising:
a pair of bases spaced apart from each other; a pair of flexible bodies mounted at the pair of bases; and a pair of main bodies fastened to the pair of bases and configured to support the pair of flexible bodies, wherein the main body comprises: a fastening portion fastened to the base; a grip portion configured to cover an end of the flexible body; and a connecting portion connecting the fastening portion and the grip portion. 12. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
an object is gripped between the pair of flexible bodies or between a pair of grip portions. 13. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
the flexible body comprises: a first pad in contact with an object; a second pad located outside with respect to the first pad; and a plurality of third pads connecting the first pad and the second pad and spaced apart from each other. 14. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
an opening in which the flexible body is disposed is provided at the main body, and the opening is located between the fastening portion and the grip portion and located on an inner side than the connecting portion. 15. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
the connecting portion has an opening through which the flexible body passes when the flexible body is deformed. 16. The gripper of claim 11, further comprising:
a grip mechanism configured to vary a distance between the pair of bases. | Disclosed is a gripper including a pair of main bodies each having an internal space and spaced apart from each other, a pair of openings provided at ends of the pair of main bodies, a pair of moving bodies protruding from the ends of the pair of main bodies through the openings, a pair of inner bodies fixed in the internal space of the pair of main bodies, and a pair of springs configured to be compressed between the inner body and the moving body.1. A gripper for a manipulator of a robot, the gripper comprising:
a pair of main bodies each having an internal space and spaced apart from each other; a pair of openings provided at ends of the pair of main bodies; a pair of moving bodies protruding from the ends of the pair of main bodies through the openings; a pair of inner bodies fixed in the internal space of the pair of main bodies; and a pair of springs configured to be compressed between the inner body and the moving body. 2. The gripper of claim 1, further comprising:
a connecting bar fastened to the moving body, configured to move together with the moving body, and having the spring on an outer circumference thereof, wherein the inner body has a hollow container shape into which the connecting bar is inserted. 3. The gripper of claim 1, further comprising:
a pair of sub-openings provided at the pair of main bodies connected to the openings, and facing each other; and a pair of grip pads fastened to the moving bodies through the sub-openings and facing each other. 4. The gripper of claim 3, wherein
the grip pad includes an elastically deformed material. 5. The gripper of claim 3, wherein
the grip pad protrudes with respect to a virtual surface passing through both ends of the pair of moving bodies. 6. The gripper of claim 3, further comprising:
a pair of rollers located outside the main body and connected to the pair of moving bodies. 7. The gripper of claim 6, wherein
the grip pad is adjacent to a virtual surface tangent to the pair of rollers. 8. The gripper of claim 3, wherein
the moving body comprises: a first surface to which the grip pad is fastened; a second surface located on the opposite side of the first surface; and a third surface connecting the first surface and the second surface, having at least a portion located outside the main body, and inclined to be closer to the main body from the first surface to the second surface. 9. The gripper of claim 8, further comprising:
a roller located outside the main body and connected to the moving body, wherein a rotary shaft of the roller is more adjacent to the second surface or the third surface than to the first surface. 10. The gripper of claim 1, further comprising:
a grip mechanism configured to vary a distance between the pair of main bodies. 11. A gripper for a manipulator of a robot, the gripper comprising:
a pair of bases spaced apart from each other; a pair of flexible bodies mounted at the pair of bases; and a pair of main bodies fastened to the pair of bases and configured to support the pair of flexible bodies, wherein the main body comprises: a fastening portion fastened to the base; a grip portion configured to cover an end of the flexible body; and a connecting portion connecting the fastening portion and the grip portion. 12. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
an object is gripped between the pair of flexible bodies or between a pair of grip portions. 13. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
the flexible body comprises: a first pad in contact with an object; a second pad located outside with respect to the first pad; and a plurality of third pads connecting the first pad and the second pad and spaced apart from each other. 14. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
an opening in which the flexible body is disposed is provided at the main body, and the opening is located between the fastening portion and the grip portion and located on an inner side than the connecting portion. 15. The gripper of claim 11, wherein
the connecting portion has an opening through which the flexible body passes when the flexible body is deformed. 16. The gripper of claim 11, further comprising:
a grip mechanism configured to vary a distance between the pair of bases. | 2,800 |
344,278 | 16,803,749 | 3,633 | A manufactured wood based siding or cladding product made from an engineered wood composite including, but not limited to, oriented strand board (OSB), hardboard, plywood, and combinations thereof, with fire-resistant properties (e.g., resistance to flame spread, ignition and combustion) imparted during the manufacturing process. An engineered wood-based composite siding product (in various forms, including lap, panel or trim) possessing such material properties is better suited for meeting the requirements of certain communities or areas where building codes require such protection due to the risk of fires (such as those posed within the boundaries of the wildland-urban interface, WUI). | 1. A product, comprising:
a piece of siding with a front face, back face, top edge, bottom edge, right edge, and left edge, and comprising a wood-based fines layer treated with one or more fire-resistant additives during manufacture of the piece of siding. 2. The product of claim 1, wherein the one or more fire resistant additives comprise alumina trioxide, boric acid, sodium borate, or combinations thereof. 3. The product of claim 2, further comprising pMDI adhesive resin. 4. The product of claim 1, wherein the fines layer is pre-assembled into a mat or laminate prior to bonding to the siding product. 5. The product of claim 1, further comprising a resin-impregnated overlay factory-applied to the fines layer, wherein the overlay comprises a fire-resistant primer or coating. 6. The product of claim 1, further comprising a fire-resistant coating cover one or both ends of the piece of siding. 7. The product of claim 1, further comprising a spline extending from the back for the siding proximate the bottom edge. 8. The product of claim 7, wherein the spline extends downward from the back at an acute angle towards the bottom edge. 9. The product of claim 7, wherein the spline extends the length of the piece of siding, and is configured to hold the bottom of the piece of siding proximate to the top of an adjacent piece of siding when installed on a building structure or frame. 10. The product of claim 9, further comprising at least one strip of intumescent fire resistant material extending the length of the siding product. 11. The product of claim 10, wherein said intumescent fire resistant material expands when exposed to heat or flame. 12. The product of claim 9, further comprising two strips of intumescent fire resistant material extending the length of the siding product, a first strip above and proximate to the spline, and a second strip below and proximate to the spline. 13. The product of claim 1, further comprising at least one strip of intumescent fire resistant material extending the length of the siding product. | A manufactured wood based siding or cladding product made from an engineered wood composite including, but not limited to, oriented strand board (OSB), hardboard, plywood, and combinations thereof, with fire-resistant properties (e.g., resistance to flame spread, ignition and combustion) imparted during the manufacturing process. An engineered wood-based composite siding product (in various forms, including lap, panel or trim) possessing such material properties is better suited for meeting the requirements of certain communities or areas where building codes require such protection due to the risk of fires (such as those posed within the boundaries of the wildland-urban interface, WUI).1. A product, comprising:
a piece of siding with a front face, back face, top edge, bottom edge, right edge, and left edge, and comprising a wood-based fines layer treated with one or more fire-resistant additives during manufacture of the piece of siding. 2. The product of claim 1, wherein the one or more fire resistant additives comprise alumina trioxide, boric acid, sodium borate, or combinations thereof. 3. The product of claim 2, further comprising pMDI adhesive resin. 4. The product of claim 1, wherein the fines layer is pre-assembled into a mat or laminate prior to bonding to the siding product. 5. The product of claim 1, further comprising a resin-impregnated overlay factory-applied to the fines layer, wherein the overlay comprises a fire-resistant primer or coating. 6. The product of claim 1, further comprising a fire-resistant coating cover one or both ends of the piece of siding. 7. The product of claim 1, further comprising a spline extending from the back for the siding proximate the bottom edge. 8. The product of claim 7, wherein the spline extends downward from the back at an acute angle towards the bottom edge. 9. The product of claim 7, wherein the spline extends the length of the piece of siding, and is configured to hold the bottom of the piece of siding proximate to the top of an adjacent piece of siding when installed on a building structure or frame. 10. The product of claim 9, further comprising at least one strip of intumescent fire resistant material extending the length of the siding product. 11. The product of claim 10, wherein said intumescent fire resistant material expands when exposed to heat or flame. 12. The product of claim 9, further comprising two strips of intumescent fire resistant material extending the length of the siding product, a first strip above and proximate to the spline, and a second strip below and proximate to the spline. 13. The product of claim 1, further comprising at least one strip of intumescent fire resistant material extending the length of the siding product. | 3,600 |
344,279 | 16,803,757 | 3,633 | Detection and tracking of a totem by a touchscreen touch controller mitigates false touches and false inputs by adapting capacitance at the totem feet. Totem feet have a capacitance that falls between a noise threshold and a finger touch threshold so that a pattern of the totem feet is detected separate from finger touches. Active capacitance is applied to one or more of the totem feet to enhance totem detection, such as by highlighting totem contact points of interest to an end user for a rotational versus linear input. | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. A method for detecting an object at a touchscreen display, the method comprising:
disposing plural feet at a bottom surface of the object with a predetermined touch pattern, the plural feet having a predetermined passive capacitance; detecting finger touches at the touchscreen display only if a sensed capacitance exceeds a finger touch threshold; discarding touches at the touchscreen display if a sensed capacitance fall below a noise threshold; and searching for the predetermined pattern at a sensed capacitance between the finger touch threshold and the noise threshold, the predetermined passive capacitance between the finger touch threshold and the noise threshold. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the predetermined pattern comprises plural feet disposed at a perimeter of the object and at least one of the plural feet disposed at a central location. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
presenting a user interface at the touchscreen display, the user interface associated with inputs made by movement of the object; and
in response to the presenting, activating a capacitance source interfaced with at least some of the plural feet. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein:
the user interface comprises a rotational interface associating input values with rotation of the object; and
activating a capacitance source further comprises activating capacitance at the feet of the perimeter of the object while maintaining passive capacitance at the at least one of the plural feet at the central location. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein:
the user interface comprises a linear interface associating input values with a position of the object along a length; and
activating a capacitance source further comprises activating capacitance at the at least one of the plural feet at the central location while maintaining passive capacitance at the feet of the perimeter. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
defining a region of the touchscreen within a predetermined distance of the object; and
discarding touches in the defined region having a capacitance above the finger touch threshold. 16. A method for tracking a totem at a touchscreen display, the method comprising:
placing the totem on the touchscreen display, the totem having plural feet in contact with the touchscreen display in a predetermined pattern; detecting the plural feet at the touchscreen display as having the predetermined pattern with touches having a capacitance of less than a finger touch threshold; detecting finger touches at the touchscreen display, the finger touches having a capacitance of at least the finger touch threshold; and discarding touches at the touchscreen display having a capacitance below the finger touch threshold that lack the predetermined pattern. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
determining that the detected capacitance of the plural feet falls below a predetermined noise capacitance;
in response to the determining, communicating to the totem an active capacitance for the plural feet to increase the detected capacitance above the predetermined noise capacitance; and
applying the active capacitance at the plural feet. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising applying the active capacitance at less than all the plural feet based at least in part on a user interface presented at the touchscreen display. 19. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
tracking rotational orientation of the totem with an optical sensor integrated in the totem to detect the touchscreen display;
detecting with the optical sensor an increase in distance between the touchscreen display and the totem; and
in response to detecting, adjusting the capacitance at the plural feet. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
turning off power to activate capacitance at the plural feet when distal the touchscreen display; and
turning on power to activate capacitance at the plural feet when approaching the touchscreen display. | Detection and tracking of a totem by a touchscreen touch controller mitigates false touches and false inputs by adapting capacitance at the totem feet. Totem feet have a capacitance that falls between a noise threshold and a finger touch threshold so that a pattern of the totem feet is detected separate from finger touches. Active capacitance is applied to one or more of the totem feet to enhance totem detection, such as by highlighting totem contact points of interest to an end user for a rotational versus linear input.1.-9. (canceled) 10. A method for detecting an object at a touchscreen display, the method comprising:
disposing plural feet at a bottom surface of the object with a predetermined touch pattern, the plural feet having a predetermined passive capacitance; detecting finger touches at the touchscreen display only if a sensed capacitance exceeds a finger touch threshold; discarding touches at the touchscreen display if a sensed capacitance fall below a noise threshold; and searching for the predetermined pattern at a sensed capacitance between the finger touch threshold and the noise threshold, the predetermined passive capacitance between the finger touch threshold and the noise threshold. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the predetermined pattern comprises plural feet disposed at a perimeter of the object and at least one of the plural feet disposed at a central location. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
presenting a user interface at the touchscreen display, the user interface associated with inputs made by movement of the object; and
in response to the presenting, activating a capacitance source interfaced with at least some of the plural feet. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein:
the user interface comprises a rotational interface associating input values with rotation of the object; and
activating a capacitance source further comprises activating capacitance at the feet of the perimeter of the object while maintaining passive capacitance at the at least one of the plural feet at the central location. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein:
the user interface comprises a linear interface associating input values with a position of the object along a length; and
activating a capacitance source further comprises activating capacitance at the at least one of the plural feet at the central location while maintaining passive capacitance at the feet of the perimeter. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
defining a region of the touchscreen within a predetermined distance of the object; and
discarding touches in the defined region having a capacitance above the finger touch threshold. 16. A method for tracking a totem at a touchscreen display, the method comprising:
placing the totem on the touchscreen display, the totem having plural feet in contact with the touchscreen display in a predetermined pattern; detecting the plural feet at the touchscreen display as having the predetermined pattern with touches having a capacitance of less than a finger touch threshold; detecting finger touches at the touchscreen display, the finger touches having a capacitance of at least the finger touch threshold; and discarding touches at the touchscreen display having a capacitance below the finger touch threshold that lack the predetermined pattern. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
determining that the detected capacitance of the plural feet falls below a predetermined noise capacitance;
in response to the determining, communicating to the totem an active capacitance for the plural feet to increase the detected capacitance above the predetermined noise capacitance; and
applying the active capacitance at the plural feet. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising applying the active capacitance at less than all the plural feet based at least in part on a user interface presented at the touchscreen display. 19. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
tracking rotational orientation of the totem with an optical sensor integrated in the totem to detect the touchscreen display;
detecting with the optical sensor an increase in distance between the touchscreen display and the totem; and
in response to detecting, adjusting the capacitance at the plural feet. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
turning off power to activate capacitance at the plural feet when distal the touchscreen display; and
turning on power to activate capacitance at the plural feet when approaching the touchscreen display. | 3,600 |
344,280 | 16,803,758 | 3,633 | An imaging device incudes a pixel array including pixels arranged in columns and rows, one of the columns including a first pixel in a first row and a second pixel in a second row; a first signal line, to which the first pixel is coupled, and a second signal line, to which the second pixel is coupled, extending in a column direction of the pixels; and a first shield line, to which the first pixel is coupled, extending in the column direction. The first signal line, the first shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. | 1. An imaging device comprising:
a pixel array including pixels arranged in columns and rows, one of the columns including a first pixel in a first row and a second pixel in a second row; a first signal line, to which the first pixel is coupled, and a second signal line, to which the second pixel is coupled, extending in a column direction of the pixels; and a first shield line supplied with a constant voltage, to which the first pixel is coupled, extending in the column direction, wherein the first signal line, the first shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising
a second shield line supplied with a constant voltage, to which the second pixel is coupled, extending in the column direction and electrically connected to the first shield line, wherein the first signal line, the second shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first pixel includes a first amplifier transistor having a gate, and the first shield line overlaps the gate of the first amplifier transistor in a plan view. 4. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein
the second pixel includes a second amplifier transistor having a gate, and the second shield line overlaps the gate of the second amplifier transistor in a plan view. 5. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first pixel comprises:
a first photoelectric conversion film, disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode, for converting incident light into signal charge, and
a first floating diffusion line coupled to the second electrode, and
the first signal line, the first floating diffusion line of the first pixel, the shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. 6. The imaging device according to claim 5, wherein
the second pixel comprises:
a second photoelectric conversion film, disposed between a third electrode and a forth electrode, for converting incident light into signal charge, and
a second floating diffusion line coupled to the forth electrode, and
the first signal line, the shield line, the second floating diffusion line of the second pixel, and the second signal line are arranged along the row direction in that order. 7. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first shield line is a first power line. 8. The imaging device according to claim 2, wherein
the second shield line is a second power line. 9. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein
the first shield line is a first power line. 10. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein
the second shield line is a second power line. | An imaging device incudes a pixel array including pixels arranged in columns and rows, one of the columns including a first pixel in a first row and a second pixel in a second row; a first signal line, to which the first pixel is coupled, and a second signal line, to which the second pixel is coupled, extending in a column direction of the pixels; and a first shield line, to which the first pixel is coupled, extending in the column direction. The first signal line, the first shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order.1. An imaging device comprising:
a pixel array including pixels arranged in columns and rows, one of the columns including a first pixel in a first row and a second pixel in a second row; a first signal line, to which the first pixel is coupled, and a second signal line, to which the second pixel is coupled, extending in a column direction of the pixels; and a first shield line supplied with a constant voltage, to which the first pixel is coupled, extending in the column direction, wherein the first signal line, the first shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising
a second shield line supplied with a constant voltage, to which the second pixel is coupled, extending in the column direction and electrically connected to the first shield line, wherein the first signal line, the second shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first pixel includes a first amplifier transistor having a gate, and the first shield line overlaps the gate of the first amplifier transistor in a plan view. 4. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein
the second pixel includes a second amplifier transistor having a gate, and the second shield line overlaps the gate of the second amplifier transistor in a plan view. 5. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first pixel comprises:
a first photoelectric conversion film, disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode, for converting incident light into signal charge, and
a first floating diffusion line coupled to the second electrode, and
the first signal line, the first floating diffusion line of the first pixel, the shield line, and the second signal line are arranged along a row direction of the pixels in that order. 6. The imaging device according to claim 5, wherein
the second pixel comprises:
a second photoelectric conversion film, disposed between a third electrode and a forth electrode, for converting incident light into signal charge, and
a second floating diffusion line coupled to the forth electrode, and
the first signal line, the shield line, the second floating diffusion line of the second pixel, and the second signal line are arranged along the row direction in that order. 7. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first shield line is a first power line. 8. The imaging device according to claim 2, wherein
the second shield line is a second power line. 9. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein
the first shield line is a first power line. 10. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein
the second shield line is a second power line. | 3,600 |
344,281 | 16,803,732 | 3,633 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The UE may identify, based at least in part on the DCI message and/or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used and/or a resource allocation type. The UE may assign the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used and/or the resource allocation type. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states; identifying, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control (RRC) configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and assigning the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states includes:
dividing the allocated RBs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated RBs based at least in part on determining that the allocated RBs are contiguous and the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the unit of contiguous RBs with the same precoding is wideband per TCI state for a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme with the multiple TCI states. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the allocated RBs are contiguous within the n sets. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states includes:
determining that the allocated RBs are not contiguous but include n contiguous parts and that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n contiguous parts to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocated RBs include allocated PRGs that are assigned to the individual TCI states according to a scheme that is determined based at least in part on one or more of a dynamic indicator included in the DCI message or the RRC configuration based at least in part on determining that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is a value other than wideband. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the scheme includes:
assigning an index to each individual PRG among the allocated PRGs based at least in part on an indication in the FDRA field, wherein the index assigned to each individual PRG is mapped to a respective one of the individual TCI states according to a function that is based at least in part on a quantity of the individual TCI states. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the function causes the first set of PRGs, that are assigned even indices, to be mapped to the first TCI state and causes the second set of PRGs, that are assigned odd indices, to be mapped to the second TCI state when the quantity of the individual TCI states is two. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the function is a modulo operator that causes a set of PRGs that are assigned a particular index to be mapped to a particular TCI state when dividing the particular index by the quantity of the individual TCI states results in a remainder that equals the particular index. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to an entire bandwidth part. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to only the allocated RBs indicated in the FDRA field. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the scheme includes:
dividing the allocated PRGs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated PRGs, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 15. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states;
identify, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and
assign the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. 16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states, are further configured to:
divide the allocated RBs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated RBs based at least in part on determining that the allocated RBs are contiguous and the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assign each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 18. The UE of claim 16, wherein the unit of contiguous RBs with the same precoding is wideband per TCI state for a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme with the multiple TCI states. 19. The UE of claim 16, wherein the allocated RBs are contiguous within the n sets. 20. The UE of claim 15, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states, are further configured to:
determine that the allocated RBs are not contiguous but include n contiguous parts and that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assign each of the n contiguous parts to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 21. The UE of claim 15, wherein the allocated RBs include allocated PRGs that are assigned to the individual TCI states according to a scheme that is determined based at least in part on one or more of a dynamic indicator included in the DCI message or the RRC configuration based at least in part on determining that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is a value other than wideband. 22. The UE of claim 21, wherein the scheme includes:
assigning an index to each individual PRG among the allocated PRGs based at least in part on an indication in the FDRA field, wherein the index assigned to each individual PRG is mapped to a respective one of the individual TCI states according to a function that is based at least in part on a quantity of the individual TCI states. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the function causes the first set of PRGs, that are assigned even indices, to be mapped to the first TCI state and causes the second set of PRGs, that are assigned odd indices, to be mapped to the second TCI state when the quantity of the individual TCI states is two. 24. The UE of claim 22, wherein the function is a modulo operator that causes a set of PRGs that are assigned a particular index to be mapped to a particular TCI state when dividing the particular index by the quantity of the individual TCI states results in a remainder that equals the particular index. 25. The UE of claim 22, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to an entire bandwidth part. 26. The UE of claim 22, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to only the allocated RBs indicated in the FDRA field. 27. The UE of claim 21, wherein the scheme includes:
dividing the allocated PRGs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated PRGs, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states;
identify, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and
assign the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states; means for identifying, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and means for assigning the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The UE may identify, based at least in part on the DCI message and/or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used and/or a resource allocation type. The UE may assign the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used and/or the resource allocation type. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states; identifying, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control (RRC) configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and assigning the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states includes:
dividing the allocated RBs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated RBs based at least in part on determining that the allocated RBs are contiguous and the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the unit of contiguous RBs with the same precoding is wideband per TCI state for a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme with the multiple TCI states. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the allocated RBs are contiguous within the n sets. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states includes:
determining that the allocated RBs are not contiguous but include n contiguous parts and that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n contiguous parts to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocated RBs include allocated PRGs that are assigned to the individual TCI states according to a scheme that is determined based at least in part on one or more of a dynamic indicator included in the DCI message or the RRC configuration based at least in part on determining that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is a value other than wideband. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the scheme includes:
assigning an index to each individual PRG among the allocated PRGs based at least in part on an indication in the FDRA field, wherein the index assigned to each individual PRG is mapped to a respective one of the individual TCI states according to a function that is based at least in part on a quantity of the individual TCI states. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the function causes the first set of PRGs, that are assigned even indices, to be mapped to the first TCI state and causes the second set of PRGs, that are assigned odd indices, to be mapped to the second TCI state when the quantity of the individual TCI states is two. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the function is a modulo operator that causes a set of PRGs that are assigned a particular index to be mapped to a particular TCI state when dividing the particular index by the quantity of the individual TCI states results in a remainder that equals the particular index. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to an entire bandwidth part. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to only the allocated RBs indicated in the FDRA field. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the scheme includes:
dividing the allocated PRGs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated PRGs, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 15. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states;
identify, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and
assign the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. 16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states, are further configured to:
divide the allocated RBs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated RBs based at least in part on determining that the allocated RBs are contiguous and the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assign each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 18. The UE of claim 16, wherein the unit of contiguous RBs with the same precoding is wideband per TCI state for a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme with the multiple TCI states. 19. The UE of claim 16, wherein the allocated RBs are contiguous within the n sets. 20. The UE of claim 15, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when assigning the allocated RBs to the individual TCI states, are further configured to:
determine that the allocated RBs are not contiguous but include n contiguous parts and that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is wideband, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assign each of the n contiguous parts to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 21. The UE of claim 15, wherein the allocated RBs include allocated PRGs that are assigned to the individual TCI states according to a scheme that is determined based at least in part on one or more of a dynamic indicator included in the DCI message or the RRC configuration based at least in part on determining that the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used is a value other than wideband. 22. The UE of claim 21, wherein the scheme includes:
assigning an index to each individual PRG among the allocated PRGs based at least in part on an indication in the FDRA field, wherein the index assigned to each individual PRG is mapped to a respective one of the individual TCI states according to a function that is based at least in part on a quantity of the individual TCI states. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the function causes the first set of PRGs, that are assigned even indices, to be mapped to the first TCI state and causes the second set of PRGs, that are assigned odd indices, to be mapped to the second TCI state when the quantity of the individual TCI states is two. 24. The UE of claim 22, wherein the function is a modulo operator that causes a set of PRGs that are assigned a particular index to be mapped to a particular TCI state when dividing the particular index by the quantity of the individual TCI states results in a remainder that equals the particular index. 25. The UE of claim 22, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to an entire bandwidth part. 26. The UE of claim 22, wherein the index assigned to each PRG is determined with respect to only the allocated RBs indicated in the FDRA field. 27. The UE of claim 21, wherein the scheme includes:
dividing the allocated PRGs into n sets that include an equal number of the allocated PRGs, where n is a quantity of the individual TCI states; and assigning each of the n sets to a respective one of the individual TCI states. 28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the equal number of the allocated RBs to include in the n sets is determined using one or more ceiling operations and one or more floor operations based at least in part on a total quantity of the allocated RBs and the quantity of the individual TCI states. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states;
identify, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and
assign the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving a downlink control information (DCI) message that includes a frequency domain resource allocation field to indicate allocated resource blocks (RBs) across multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states; means for identifying, based at least in part on one or more of the DCI message or a radio resource control configuration, at least one parameter that indicates a unit of contiguous RBs over which a same precoding is used, wherein the at least one parameter includes one or more of a precoding RB group (PRG) size or a physical RB (PRB) bundle size; and means for assigning the allocated RBs to individual TCI states among the multiple TCI states based at least in part on the at least one parameter that indicates the unit of contiguous RBs over which the same precoding is used, wherein a first set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a first TCI state and a second set of PRGs or PRBs are assigned to a second TCI state. | 3,600 |
344,282 | 16,803,776 | 3,633 | Data ownership of a single record data object comprising a plurality of individual data elements may be distributed across a plurality of users, such that each individual user is capable of separately controlling access to those data elements for which the data owner has ownership privileges. These data ownership privileges, and corresponding access rights which may be individually provided by distinct data owners, is managed by a data management computing entity such that a single composite user interface may be generated for a user viewing a particular record data object such that the viewer is provided with viewing access to only those data elements for which the viewer has access. Thus, separate user interfaces may be generated and provided for different viewers accessing the same record data object. | 1. An electronic record data object storage system configured for maintaining a plurality of record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, the system comprising:
one or more memory storage repositories storing one or more record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each of the one or more record data objects comprises access data for each data element stored therein, and wherein the access data for each data element has associated ownership data identifying access credentials of the data element and wherein the record data object comprises a first data element identifying first access credentials associated with a first user identifier and a second data element identifying second access credentials associated with a second user identifier; one or more processors collectively configured to:
receive a record data object access request for a particular record data object, wherein the record data object access request is associated with a requesting user identifier;
retrieve access data associated with the particular record data object; and
generate a user interface for the record data object by:
identifying one or more authorized data elements from the one or more data elements stored within the particular record data object, wherein the one or more authorized data elements have associated ownership data identifying the requesting user identifier; and
populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the one or more authorized data elements. 2. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the record data object access request identifies a requested data element of the particular record data object, and wherein the one or more processors are collectively further configured to:
determine whether the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is not identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, transmit an access request notification to a user computing entity associated with a user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element; and upon receipt of an approval response from the user computing entity associated with the user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element. 3. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory storage repositories store the one or more record data objects in one or more relational database tables, wherein each of the one or more data elements are reflected within corresponding entries of the database tables, and wherein the ownership data is reflected within entries associated with the one or more data elements. 4. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, where in the one or more memory storage repositories are embodied as distributed memory storage areas, and wherein the one or more processors are associated with a central data management computing entity. 5. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 4, wherein the central data management computing entity additionally comprises data management storage areas storing ownership data corresponding to data elements stored within a plurality of distributed memory storage areas. 6. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive an ownership transfer request from a user computing entity for a specific data element of a record data object; determine a current owner of the specific data element; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element; and upon receipt of a transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 7. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, upon receipt of the ownership transfer request for the specific data element of the record data object:
determine a current owner of the record data object; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object associated with the specific data element; and upon receipt of the transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element and a second transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 8. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a new data element from a user computing entity, wherein the new data element has corresponding metadata identifying the user computing entity; based at least in part on the metadata, identify a record data object corresponding to the data element; and based at least in part on the identified record data object corresponding to the data element and the metadata, identify ownership data corresponding with the new data element. 9. A computer-implemented method for maintaining a plurality of record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, the method comprising:
storing, within one or more memory storage repositories, one or more record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each of the one or more record data objects comprises access data for each data element stored therein, and wherein the access data for each data element has associated ownership data identifying access credentials of the data element and wherein the record data object comprises a first data element identifying first access credentials associated with a first user identifier and a second data element identifying second access credentials associated with a second user identifier; receiving, via one or more processors, a record data object access request for a particular record data object, wherein the record data object access request is associated with a requesting user identifier; retrieving, via the one or more processors, access data associated with the particular record data object; generating a user interface for the record data object, via the one or more processors, by:
identifying one or more authorized data elements from the one or more data elements stored within the particular record data object, wherein the one or more authorized data elements have associated ownership data identifying the requesting user identifier; and
populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the one or more authorized data elements. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the record data object access request identifies a requested data element of the particular record data object, and wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is not identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, transmitting an access request notification to a user computing entity associated with a user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element; and upon receipt of an approval response from the user computing entity associated with the user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element, populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the one or more memory storage repositories store the one or more record data objects in one or more relational database tables, wherein each of the one or more data elements are reflected within corresponding entries of the database tables, and wherein the ownership data is reflected within entries associated with the one or more data elements. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving an ownership transfer request from a user computing entity for a specific data element of a record data object; determining a current owner of the specific data element; transmitting an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element; and upon receipt of a transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element, updating ownership data associated with the specific data element. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, further comprising, upon receipt of the ownership transfer request for the specific data element of the record data object:
determining a current owner of the record data object; transmitting an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object associated with the specific data element; and upon receipt of the transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element and a second transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object, updating ownership data associated with the specific data element. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a new data element from a user computing entity, wherein the new data element has corresponding metadata identifying the user computing entity; based at least in part on the metadata, identifying a record data object corresponding to the data element; and based at least in part on the identified record data object corresponding to the data element and the metadata, identifying ownership data corresponding with the new data element. 15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer program instructions stored therein, the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
store, within one or more memory storage repositories, one or more record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each of the one or more record data objects comprises access data for each data element stored therein, and wherein the access data for each data element has associated ownership data identifying access credentials of the data element and wherein the record data object comprises a first data element identifying first access credentials associated with a first user identifier and a second data element identifying second access credentials associated with a second user identifier; receive a record data object access request for a particular record data object, wherein the record data object access request is associated with a requesting user identifier; retrieve access data associated with the particular record data object; generate a user interface for the record data object by:
identifying one or more authorized data elements from the one or more data elements stored within the particular record data object, wherein the one or more authorized data elements have associated ownership data identifying the requesting user identifier; and
populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the one or more authorized data elements. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the record data object access request identifies a requested data element of the particular record data object, and wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further:
determine whether the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is not identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, transmit an access request notification to a user computing entity associated with a user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element; and upon receipt of an approval response from the user computing entity associated with the user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the one or more memory storage repositories store the one or more record data objects in one or more relational database tables, wherein each of the one or more data elements are reflected within corresponding entries of the database tables, and wherein the ownership data is reflected within entries associated with the one or more data elements. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further:
receive an ownership transfer request from a user computing entity for a specific data element of a record data object; determine a current owner of the specific data element; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element; and upon receipt of a transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further, upon receipt of the ownership transfer request for the specific data element of the record data object:
determine a current owner of the record data object; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object associated with the specific data element; and upon receipt of the transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element and a second transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further:
receive a new data element from a user computing entity, wherein the new data element has corresponding metadata identifying the user computing entity; based at least in part on the metadata, identify a record data object corresponding to the data element; and based at least in part on the identified record data object corresponding to the data element and the metadata, identify ownership data corresponding with the new data element. | Data ownership of a single record data object comprising a plurality of individual data elements may be distributed across a plurality of users, such that each individual user is capable of separately controlling access to those data elements for which the data owner has ownership privileges. These data ownership privileges, and corresponding access rights which may be individually provided by distinct data owners, is managed by a data management computing entity such that a single composite user interface may be generated for a user viewing a particular record data object such that the viewer is provided with viewing access to only those data elements for which the viewer has access. Thus, separate user interfaces may be generated and provided for different viewers accessing the same record data object.1. An electronic record data object storage system configured for maintaining a plurality of record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, the system comprising:
one or more memory storage repositories storing one or more record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each of the one or more record data objects comprises access data for each data element stored therein, and wherein the access data for each data element has associated ownership data identifying access credentials of the data element and wherein the record data object comprises a first data element identifying first access credentials associated with a first user identifier and a second data element identifying second access credentials associated with a second user identifier; one or more processors collectively configured to:
receive a record data object access request for a particular record data object, wherein the record data object access request is associated with a requesting user identifier;
retrieve access data associated with the particular record data object; and
generate a user interface for the record data object by:
identifying one or more authorized data elements from the one or more data elements stored within the particular record data object, wherein the one or more authorized data elements have associated ownership data identifying the requesting user identifier; and
populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the one or more authorized data elements. 2. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the record data object access request identifies a requested data element of the particular record data object, and wherein the one or more processors are collectively further configured to:
determine whether the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is not identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, transmit an access request notification to a user computing entity associated with a user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element; and upon receipt of an approval response from the user computing entity associated with the user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element. 3. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory storage repositories store the one or more record data objects in one or more relational database tables, wherein each of the one or more data elements are reflected within corresponding entries of the database tables, and wherein the ownership data is reflected within entries associated with the one or more data elements. 4. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, where in the one or more memory storage repositories are embodied as distributed memory storage areas, and wherein the one or more processors are associated with a central data management computing entity. 5. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 4, wherein the central data management computing entity additionally comprises data management storage areas storing ownership data corresponding to data elements stored within a plurality of distributed memory storage areas. 6. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive an ownership transfer request from a user computing entity for a specific data element of a record data object; determine a current owner of the specific data element; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element; and upon receipt of a transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 7. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, upon receipt of the ownership transfer request for the specific data element of the record data object:
determine a current owner of the record data object; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object associated with the specific data element; and upon receipt of the transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element and a second transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 8. The electronic record data object storage system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a new data element from a user computing entity, wherein the new data element has corresponding metadata identifying the user computing entity; based at least in part on the metadata, identify a record data object corresponding to the data element; and based at least in part on the identified record data object corresponding to the data element and the metadata, identify ownership data corresponding with the new data element. 9. A computer-implemented method for maintaining a plurality of record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, the method comprising:
storing, within one or more memory storage repositories, one or more record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each of the one or more record data objects comprises access data for each data element stored therein, and wherein the access data for each data element has associated ownership data identifying access credentials of the data element and wherein the record data object comprises a first data element identifying first access credentials associated with a first user identifier and a second data element identifying second access credentials associated with a second user identifier; receiving, via one or more processors, a record data object access request for a particular record data object, wherein the record data object access request is associated with a requesting user identifier; retrieving, via the one or more processors, access data associated with the particular record data object; generating a user interface for the record data object, via the one or more processors, by:
identifying one or more authorized data elements from the one or more data elements stored within the particular record data object, wherein the one or more authorized data elements have associated ownership data identifying the requesting user identifier; and
populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the one or more authorized data elements. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the record data object access request identifies a requested data element of the particular record data object, and wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is not identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, transmitting an access request notification to a user computing entity associated with a user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element; and upon receipt of an approval response from the user computing entity associated with the user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element, populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the one or more memory storage repositories store the one or more record data objects in one or more relational database tables, wherein each of the one or more data elements are reflected within corresponding entries of the database tables, and wherein the ownership data is reflected within entries associated with the one or more data elements. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving an ownership transfer request from a user computing entity for a specific data element of a record data object; determining a current owner of the specific data element; transmitting an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element; and upon receipt of a transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element, updating ownership data associated with the specific data element. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, further comprising, upon receipt of the ownership transfer request for the specific data element of the record data object:
determining a current owner of the record data object; transmitting an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object associated with the specific data element; and upon receipt of the transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element and a second transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object, updating ownership data associated with the specific data element. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a new data element from a user computing entity, wherein the new data element has corresponding metadata identifying the user computing entity; based at least in part on the metadata, identifying a record data object corresponding to the data element; and based at least in part on the identified record data object corresponding to the data element and the metadata, identifying ownership data corresponding with the new data element. 15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer program instructions stored therein, the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
store, within one or more memory storage repositories, one or more record data objects each comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each of the one or more record data objects comprises access data for each data element stored therein, and wherein the access data for each data element has associated ownership data identifying access credentials of the data element and wherein the record data object comprises a first data element identifying first access credentials associated with a first user identifier and a second data element identifying second access credentials associated with a second user identifier; receive a record data object access request for a particular record data object, wherein the record data object access request is associated with a requesting user identifier; retrieve access data associated with the particular record data object; generate a user interface for the record data object by:
identifying one or more authorized data elements from the one or more data elements stored within the particular record data object, wherein the one or more authorized data elements have associated ownership data identifying the requesting user identifier; and
populating one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the one or more authorized data elements. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the record data object access request identifies a requested data element of the particular record data object, and wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further:
determine whether the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element; upon determining that the requesting user identifier is not identified within the ownership data associated with the requested data element, transmit an access request notification to a user computing entity associated with a user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element; and upon receipt of an approval response from the user computing entity associated with the user identifier included within the ownership data of the requested data element, populate one or more user interface data elements of the user interface with the requested data element. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the one or more memory storage repositories store the one or more record data objects in one or more relational database tables, wherein each of the one or more data elements are reflected within corresponding entries of the database tables, and wherein the ownership data is reflected within entries associated with the one or more data elements. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further:
receive an ownership transfer request from a user computing entity for a specific data element of a record data object; determine a current owner of the specific data element; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element; and upon receipt of a transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further, upon receipt of the ownership transfer request for the specific data element of the record data object:
determine a current owner of the record data object; transmit an ownership transfer request notification to a user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object associated with the specific data element; and upon receipt of the transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the specific data element and a second transfer approval from the user computing entity associated with the current owner of the record data object, update ownership data associated with the specific data element. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions when executed by a processor, cause the processor to further:
receive a new data element from a user computing entity, wherein the new data element has corresponding metadata identifying the user computing entity; based at least in part on the metadata, identify a record data object corresponding to the data element; and based at least in part on the identified record data object corresponding to the data element and the metadata, identify ownership data corresponding with the new data element. | 3,600 |
344,283 | 16,803,792 | 3,642 | The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to a method of continuously supplying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant species to a processing facility. The method includes cultivating a microcrop (e.g., a floating aquatic plant species) in a bioreactor system, harvesting the microcrop to generate the harvested biomass, and conveying the harvested biomass to a first position of a harvest canal to form a conveyed biomass. A harvest canal may include a trough configured to contain the conveyed biomass in a volume of a medium and a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested biomass may be transported from the first position to the second position within the harvest canal. The harvest canal may be positioned adjacent to an outer perimeter of bioreactor system and form an infinity loop. The method may further include activating the propulsion mechanism to impart motion on the first medium and propel the harvested biomass from the first position to the second position, and transferring at least a portion of the propelled biomass from the second position of the harvest canal to a processing facility. | 1. A harvest canal system for conveying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant, the system comprising:
a trough comprising at least two peripheral walls joined to generate a bottom surface and an open top surface and configured to contain the harvested biomass in a volume of a first medium; a canopy secured over the open top surface of the trough to generate a shaded interior having at least a 60% reduction in solar radiation compared to an external surface of the canopy; and a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested aquatic biomass is transported from a first position to a second position. 2. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the canopy comprises a woven material comprising one or more of a polyester, a polyethylene, an aramid, an acrylic, a nylon, a polyurethane, a spandex, an olefin, a lurex, a carbon fiber, a grass, a straw, a cotton, a rayon, a silk, and a wool. 3. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion mechanism comprises one or more of a paddle wheel, a bubbler, a submerged, and a surface water jet. 4. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the shaded interior generated by the canopy has at least an 80% reduction in solar radiation compared to the external surface of the canopy. 5. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the canopy comprises at least one of a light inhibitor and a thermal stabilizer. 6. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the harvest canal system further comprises one or more of:
a nutrient delivery system; a monitor configured to measure at least one of a nutrient composition, a gas composition, and a temperature of the first medium; a monitor configured to measure a velocity of the first medium; a monitor configured to measure a thickness of a mat of the harvested biomass; and a monitor configured to measure a percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. 7. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the harvest canal is positioned adjacent to an outer perimeter of a bioreactor system and forms an infinity loop. 8. A method for conveying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant species from a harvest apparatus to a second location, the method comprising:
conveying the harvested biomass to a first position of a harvest canal, the harvest canal comprising:
a trough comprising at least two peripheral walls joined to generate a bottom surface and an open top surface and configured to contain the harvested biomass in a volume of a first medium;
a canopy secured over the open top surface of the trough to generate a shaded interior having at least a 60% reduction in solar radiation compared to an external surface of the canopy; and
a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested biomass is transported from the first position to the second position.
activating the propulsion mechanism to impart the motion on the first medium and propel the harvested biomass from the first position to the second position. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises washing the harvested biomass before the harvested biomass is conveyed to the first position of the harvest canal. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein activating the propulsion mechanism imparts a velocity on the first medium in a range from about 0.1 m/s to about 0.20 m/s. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising monitoring at least one of:
a nutrient composition of the first medium; a gas composition of the first medium; a temperature of the first medium; a velocity of the first medium; a thickness of a mat of the harvested biomass; and a percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. 12. The method according to claim 11 further comprising adjusting the propulsion mechanism to alter at least one of:
the thickness of the mat of the harvested biomass; and
the percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. 13. The method according to claim 8 further comprising adjusting a composition of the first medium by adding one or more of a calcium, a nitrogen, a phosphorous, a potassium, an oxygen, a carbon dioxide, an acid, a base, and a buffer. 14. The method of continuously supplying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant species to a processing facility, the method comprising:
(a) cultivating a microcrop comprising the floating aquatic plant species in a bioreactor system; (b) harvesting the microcrop to generate the harvested biomass; (c) conveying the harvested biomass to a first position of a harvest canal to form a conveyed biomass, wherein the harvest canal comprises:
(i) a trough comprising at least two peripheral walls joined to generate a bottom surface and an open top surface and configured to contain the conveyed biomass in a volume of a medium, and
(ii) a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested biomass is transported from the first position to the second position within the harvest canal;
wherein the harvest canal is positioned adjacent to an outer perimeter of bioreactor system and forms an infinity loop;
(b) activating the propulsion mechanism to impart the motion on the first medium and propel the harvested biomass from the first position to the second position; and (c) transferring at least a portion of the propelled biomass from the second position of the harvest canal to a processing facility to form a transferred biomass. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the harvest canal further comprises a canopy secured over the open top surface of the trough to generate a shaded interior having at least a 60% reduction in solar radiation compared to an external surface of the canopy. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a ratio of the conveyed biomass to the transferred biomass ranges from about 1:10 to about 10:1 on a volume basis. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the motion imparted on the first medium results in a velocity of the first medium ranging from about 0.1 m/s to about 0.20 m/s. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising monitoring at least one of:
a nutrient composition of the first medium; a gas composition of the first medium; a temperature of the first medium; a velocity of the first medium; a thickness of a mat of the harvested biomass; and a percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged in the first medium. 19. The method according to claim 18 further comprising triggering the transferring of the propelled biomass from the second position of the harvest canal to the processing facility when greater than about 40% of the harvested biomass is submerged in the first medium. 20. The method according to claim 18 further comprising adjusting the propulsion mechanism to alter at least one of:
the thickness of the mat of the harvested biomass; and
the percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. | The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to a method of continuously supplying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant species to a processing facility. The method includes cultivating a microcrop (e.g., a floating aquatic plant species) in a bioreactor system, harvesting the microcrop to generate the harvested biomass, and conveying the harvested biomass to a first position of a harvest canal to form a conveyed biomass. A harvest canal may include a trough configured to contain the conveyed biomass in a volume of a medium and a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested biomass may be transported from the first position to the second position within the harvest canal. The harvest canal may be positioned adjacent to an outer perimeter of bioreactor system and form an infinity loop. The method may further include activating the propulsion mechanism to impart motion on the first medium and propel the harvested biomass from the first position to the second position, and transferring at least a portion of the propelled biomass from the second position of the harvest canal to a processing facility.1. A harvest canal system for conveying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant, the system comprising:
a trough comprising at least two peripheral walls joined to generate a bottom surface and an open top surface and configured to contain the harvested biomass in a volume of a first medium; a canopy secured over the open top surface of the trough to generate a shaded interior having at least a 60% reduction in solar radiation compared to an external surface of the canopy; and a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested aquatic biomass is transported from a first position to a second position. 2. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the canopy comprises a woven material comprising one or more of a polyester, a polyethylene, an aramid, an acrylic, a nylon, a polyurethane, a spandex, an olefin, a lurex, a carbon fiber, a grass, a straw, a cotton, a rayon, a silk, and a wool. 3. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion mechanism comprises one or more of a paddle wheel, a bubbler, a submerged, and a surface water jet. 4. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the shaded interior generated by the canopy has at least an 80% reduction in solar radiation compared to the external surface of the canopy. 5. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the canopy comprises at least one of a light inhibitor and a thermal stabilizer. 6. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the harvest canal system further comprises one or more of:
a nutrient delivery system; a monitor configured to measure at least one of a nutrient composition, a gas composition, and a temperature of the first medium; a monitor configured to measure a velocity of the first medium; a monitor configured to measure a thickness of a mat of the harvested biomass; and a monitor configured to measure a percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. 7. The harvest canal system according to claim 1, wherein the harvest canal is positioned adjacent to an outer perimeter of a bioreactor system and forms an infinity loop. 8. A method for conveying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant species from a harvest apparatus to a second location, the method comprising:
conveying the harvested biomass to a first position of a harvest canal, the harvest canal comprising:
a trough comprising at least two peripheral walls joined to generate a bottom surface and an open top surface and configured to contain the harvested biomass in a volume of a first medium;
a canopy secured over the open top surface of the trough to generate a shaded interior having at least a 60% reduction in solar radiation compared to an external surface of the canopy; and
a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested biomass is transported from the first position to the second position.
activating the propulsion mechanism to impart the motion on the first medium and propel the harvested biomass from the first position to the second position. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises washing the harvested biomass before the harvested biomass is conveyed to the first position of the harvest canal. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein activating the propulsion mechanism imparts a velocity on the first medium in a range from about 0.1 m/s to about 0.20 m/s. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising monitoring at least one of:
a nutrient composition of the first medium; a gas composition of the first medium; a temperature of the first medium; a velocity of the first medium; a thickness of a mat of the harvested biomass; and a percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. 12. The method according to claim 11 further comprising adjusting the propulsion mechanism to alter at least one of:
the thickness of the mat of the harvested biomass; and
the percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. 13. The method according to claim 8 further comprising adjusting a composition of the first medium by adding one or more of a calcium, a nitrogen, a phosphorous, a potassium, an oxygen, a carbon dioxide, an acid, a base, and a buffer. 14. The method of continuously supplying a harvested biomass comprising a floating aquatic plant species to a processing facility, the method comprising:
(a) cultivating a microcrop comprising the floating aquatic plant species in a bioreactor system; (b) harvesting the microcrop to generate the harvested biomass; (c) conveying the harvested biomass to a first position of a harvest canal to form a conveyed biomass, wherein the harvest canal comprises:
(i) a trough comprising at least two peripheral walls joined to generate a bottom surface and an open top surface and configured to contain the conveyed biomass in a volume of a medium, and
(ii) a propulsion mechanism configured to impart a motion on the first medium such that the harvested biomass is transported from the first position to the second position within the harvest canal;
wherein the harvest canal is positioned adjacent to an outer perimeter of bioreactor system and forms an infinity loop;
(b) activating the propulsion mechanism to impart the motion on the first medium and propel the harvested biomass from the first position to the second position; and (c) transferring at least a portion of the propelled biomass from the second position of the harvest canal to a processing facility to form a transferred biomass. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the harvest canal further comprises a canopy secured over the open top surface of the trough to generate a shaded interior having at least a 60% reduction in solar radiation compared to an external surface of the canopy. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a ratio of the conveyed biomass to the transferred biomass ranges from about 1:10 to about 10:1 on a volume basis. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the motion imparted on the first medium results in a velocity of the first medium ranging from about 0.1 m/s to about 0.20 m/s. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising monitoring at least one of:
a nutrient composition of the first medium; a gas composition of the first medium; a temperature of the first medium; a velocity of the first medium; a thickness of a mat of the harvested biomass; and a percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged in the first medium. 19. The method according to claim 18 further comprising triggering the transferring of the propelled biomass from the second position of the harvest canal to the processing facility when greater than about 40% of the harvested biomass is submerged in the first medium. 20. The method according to claim 18 further comprising adjusting the propulsion mechanism to alter at least one of:
the thickness of the mat of the harvested biomass; and
the percentage of the harvested biomass that is submerged. | 3,600 |
344,284 | 16,803,803 | 1,798 | An apparatus includes a housing, a sample carrier device. The sample carrier device includes samples and is mounted in the housing such that the samples are external to the housing. The apparatus further includes a sample cover mounted to the housing such that the sample cover and the housing enclose the sample carrier device. The apparatus further includes a sensor directed to the sample carrier device. The apparatus further includes a processor and a memory device storing instructions executable by the processor to initiate removal of the sample cover from the sample carrier device. The instructions are further executable by the processor to initiate capture of data by the sensor. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a housing; a sample carrier device, including one or more samples, mounted in the housing such that the one or more samples are external to the housing; a sample cover mounted to the housing such that the sample cover and the housing enclose the sample carrier device; a sensor directed to the sample carrier device; a processor; and a memory device storing instructions executable by the processor to:
initiate removal of the sample cover from the sample carrier device; and
initiate capture of data by the sensor. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second sample carrier device, including one or more second samples, mounted in the housing such that the one or more second samples are external to the housing and unenclosed by the sample cover. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sensor is further directed to the second sample carrier device. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a second sensor directed to the second sample carrier device. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a camera. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the camera is located within a camera enclosure mounted on an external surface of the housing. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a second camera located within the housing and directed to the sample carrier device, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:
initiate capture of a second image of the sample carrier device by the second camera. 8. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising an actuator, configured to drive the sample carrier device and move a sample of the sample carrier device within the camera enclosure responsive to a command from the processor. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises an ultraviolet sensor, a radiation sensor, or a combination thereof. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a spectrometer. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to initiate removal of the sample cover from the housing in response to receiving a command from a remote control station. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to initiate removal of the sample cover from the housing in response to detecting an environmental condition. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a motor, wherein initiating removal of the sample cover from the housing includes activating the motor to drive the sample cover from the housing. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lighting device configured to project light onto the sample carrier device. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to initiate movement of the sample cover to enclose the sample carrier device. 16. A method comprising:
initiating, at an apparatus including a sample carrier device, removal of a sample cover from the sample carrier device, wherein the sample carrier device includes samples and is mounted in a housing such that the samples are external to the housing; and initiating capture of sensor data associated with the sample carrier device by a sensor directed to the sample carrier device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor includes a camera, and wherein the data includes image data. 18. A computer readable storage device storing instructions executable by a processor to:
initiate, at an apparatus including a sample carrier device, removal of a sample cover from the sample carrier device, wherein the sample carrier device includes samples and is mounted in a housing such that the samples are external to the housing; and initiate capture of sensor data associated with the sample carrier device by a sensor directed to the sample carrier device. 19. The computer readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the sensor includes an ultraviolet sensor, a radiation sensor, or a combination thereof directed to the sample carrier device. 20. The computer readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the sensor includes a camera directed to the sample carrier device. | An apparatus includes a housing, a sample carrier device. The sample carrier device includes samples and is mounted in the housing such that the samples are external to the housing. The apparatus further includes a sample cover mounted to the housing such that the sample cover and the housing enclose the sample carrier device. The apparatus further includes a sensor directed to the sample carrier device. The apparatus further includes a processor and a memory device storing instructions executable by the processor to initiate removal of the sample cover from the sample carrier device. The instructions are further executable by the processor to initiate capture of data by the sensor.1. An apparatus comprising:
a housing; a sample carrier device, including one or more samples, mounted in the housing such that the one or more samples are external to the housing; a sample cover mounted to the housing such that the sample cover and the housing enclose the sample carrier device; a sensor directed to the sample carrier device; a processor; and a memory device storing instructions executable by the processor to:
initiate removal of the sample cover from the sample carrier device; and
initiate capture of data by the sensor. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second sample carrier device, including one or more second samples, mounted in the housing such that the one or more second samples are external to the housing and unenclosed by the sample cover. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sensor is further directed to the second sample carrier device. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a second sensor directed to the second sample carrier device. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a camera. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the camera is located within a camera enclosure mounted on an external surface of the housing. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a second camera located within the housing and directed to the sample carrier device, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:
initiate capture of a second image of the sample carrier device by the second camera. 8. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising an actuator, configured to drive the sample carrier device and move a sample of the sample carrier device within the camera enclosure responsive to a command from the processor. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises an ultraviolet sensor, a radiation sensor, or a combination thereof. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a spectrometer. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to initiate removal of the sample cover from the housing in response to receiving a command from a remote control station. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to initiate removal of the sample cover from the housing in response to detecting an environmental condition. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a motor, wherein initiating removal of the sample cover from the housing includes activating the motor to drive the sample cover from the housing. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lighting device configured to project light onto the sample carrier device. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to initiate movement of the sample cover to enclose the sample carrier device. 16. A method comprising:
initiating, at an apparatus including a sample carrier device, removal of a sample cover from the sample carrier device, wherein the sample carrier device includes samples and is mounted in a housing such that the samples are external to the housing; and initiating capture of sensor data associated with the sample carrier device by a sensor directed to the sample carrier device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor includes a camera, and wherein the data includes image data. 18. A computer readable storage device storing instructions executable by a processor to:
initiate, at an apparatus including a sample carrier device, removal of a sample cover from the sample carrier device, wherein the sample carrier device includes samples and is mounted in a housing such that the samples are external to the housing; and initiate capture of sensor data associated with the sample carrier device by a sensor directed to the sample carrier device. 19. The computer readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the sensor includes an ultraviolet sensor, a radiation sensor, or a combination thereof directed to the sample carrier device. 20. The computer readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the sensor includes a camera directed to the sample carrier device. | 1,700 |
344,285 | 16,803,780 | 1,798 | A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a pressure roller, a reserving portion, and a heater. The pressure roller is provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt. The reserving portion is provided inside the fixing belt and configured to reserve a lubricant. The heater is provided between the reserving portion and the fixing belt in such a way as to be pressed against the fixing belt, wherein a moving path is formed in the heater such that the lubricant moves from the reserving portion toward the pressure roller in the moving path. | 1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing belt; a pressure roller provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt; a reserving portion provided inside the fixing belt and configured to reserve a lubricant; and a heater provided between the reserving portion and the fixing belt in such a way as to be pressed against the fixing belt, wherein a moving path is formed in the heater such that the lubricant moves from the reserving portion toward the pressure roller in the moving path. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heater support portion configured to support the heater by coming in contact with a second surface of the heater that is opposite from a first surface of the heater that comes in contact with the fixing belt, wherein the reserving portion is formed by the heater support portion and the second surface of the heater. 3. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein
the moving path is formed at an upstream end of the heater in a running direction of the fixing belt. 4. The fixing device according to claim 3, wherein
the heater includes a substrate, a cut portion being formed at an upstream end of the substrate in the running direction, the heater support portion is in contact with the upstream end of the substrate in the running direction, and the moving path is a space surrounded by the heater support portion and the cut portion of the substrate. 5. The fixing device according to claim 4, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of cut portions formed in line along a width direction of the fixing belt. 6. The fixing device according to claim 5, wherein
the cut portions include a first cut portion and a second cut portion, the first cut portion including a first wall surface that faces in a direction between a direction opposite to the running direction and a first direction that is one of opposite directions of the width direction, the second cut portion including a second wall surface that faces in a direction between the direction opposite to the running direction and a second direction that is the other of the opposite directions of the width direction, and the fixing belt and the heater are arranged in a positional relation where: an upstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of a surface of the substrate and the first wall surface; and a downstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of the surface of the substrate and the second wall surface. 7. The fixing device according to claim 4, wherein
the substrate is formed in a shape that allows a specific end portion of the substrate to be fitted with the specific end portion of another substrate, the specific end portion including the cut portion. 8. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet by using the fixing device according to claim 1. | A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a pressure roller, a reserving portion, and a heater. The pressure roller is provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt. The reserving portion is provided inside the fixing belt and configured to reserve a lubricant. The heater is provided between the reserving portion and the fixing belt in such a way as to be pressed against the fixing belt, wherein a moving path is formed in the heater such that the lubricant moves from the reserving portion toward the pressure roller in the moving path.1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing belt; a pressure roller provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt; a reserving portion provided inside the fixing belt and configured to reserve a lubricant; and a heater provided between the reserving portion and the fixing belt in such a way as to be pressed against the fixing belt, wherein a moving path is formed in the heater such that the lubricant moves from the reserving portion toward the pressure roller in the moving path. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heater support portion configured to support the heater by coming in contact with a second surface of the heater that is opposite from a first surface of the heater that comes in contact with the fixing belt, wherein the reserving portion is formed by the heater support portion and the second surface of the heater. 3. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein
the moving path is formed at an upstream end of the heater in a running direction of the fixing belt. 4. The fixing device according to claim 3, wherein
the heater includes a substrate, a cut portion being formed at an upstream end of the substrate in the running direction, the heater support portion is in contact with the upstream end of the substrate in the running direction, and the moving path is a space surrounded by the heater support portion and the cut portion of the substrate. 5. The fixing device according to claim 4, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of cut portions formed in line along a width direction of the fixing belt. 6. The fixing device according to claim 5, wherein
the cut portions include a first cut portion and a second cut portion, the first cut portion including a first wall surface that faces in a direction between a direction opposite to the running direction and a first direction that is one of opposite directions of the width direction, the second cut portion including a second wall surface that faces in a direction between the direction opposite to the running direction and a second direction that is the other of the opposite directions of the width direction, and the fixing belt and the heater are arranged in a positional relation where: an upstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of a surface of the substrate and the first wall surface; and a downstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of the surface of the substrate and the second wall surface. 7. The fixing device according to claim 4, wherein
the substrate is formed in a shape that allows a specific end portion of the substrate to be fitted with the specific end portion of another substrate, the specific end portion including the cut portion. 8. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet by using the fixing device according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
344,286 | 16,803,723 | 1,798 | The present embodiments provide methods, compounds, and compositions useful for inhibiting MALAT1 expression, which may be useful for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a cancer associated with MALAT1. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. A modified oligonucleotide according to the following chemical structure: 29. The modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is the sodium salt or the potassium salt. 30. A modified oligonucleotide according to the following chemical structure: 31. A composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 32. A composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, and water. 33. (canceled) 34. A method of treating or ameliorating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, thereby treating or ameliorating the cancer. 35. (canceled) 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic hematopoetic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 37. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide inhibits or reduces cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis. 38. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide increases or induces cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 42. A method of inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in a cancer cell, comprising contacting the cancer cell with the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, thereby inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in the cancer cell. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 44. A method of reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in the individual. 45. A method of increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in the individual. 46. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 47. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 49. The method of claim 44, wherein the individual has breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 50. (canceled) 51. (canceled) 52. The method of claim 34, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. 53. (canceled) 54. (canceled) 55. (canceled) 56. (canceled) 57. (canceled) 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. (canceled) 61. (canceled) 62. (canceled) 63. (canceled) 64. (canceled) 65. (canceled) 66. (canceled) 67. (canceled) 68. (canceled) 69. (canceled) 70. (canceled) 71. The method of claim 44, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. 72. A composition, comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 73. A composition, comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 and water. 74. A method of treating or ameliorating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30, thereby treating or ameliorating the cancer. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 76. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide inhibits or reduces cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis. 77. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide increases or induces cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation. 78. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 79. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 81. A method of inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in a cancer cell comprising contacting the cancer cell with the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30, thereby inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in the cancer cell. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 83. A method of reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in an individual having cancer, comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in the individual. 84. A method of increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in the individual. 85. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 86. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure, comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 87. The method of claim 86, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 88. The method of claim 86, wherein the individual has breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 89. The method of claim 74, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. 90. The method of claim 83, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. | The present embodiments provide methods, compounds, and compositions useful for inhibiting MALAT1 expression, which may be useful for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a cancer associated with MALAT1.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. A modified oligonucleotide according to the following chemical structure: 29. The modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is the sodium salt or the potassium salt. 30. A modified oligonucleotide according to the following chemical structure: 31. A composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 32. A composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, and water. 33. (canceled) 34. A method of treating or ameliorating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, thereby treating or ameliorating the cancer. 35. (canceled) 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic hematopoetic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 37. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide inhibits or reduces cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis. 38. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide increases or induces cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 42. A method of inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in a cancer cell, comprising contacting the cancer cell with the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28, thereby inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in the cancer cell. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 44. A method of reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in the individual. 45. A method of increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in the individual. 46. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 47. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 28 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 49. The method of claim 44, wherein the individual has breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 50. (canceled) 51. (canceled) 52. The method of claim 34, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. 53. (canceled) 54. (canceled) 55. (canceled) 56. (canceled) 57. (canceled) 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. (canceled) 61. (canceled) 62. (canceled) 63. (canceled) 64. (canceled) 65. (canceled) 66. (canceled) 67. (canceled) 68. (canceled) 69. (canceled) 70. (canceled) 71. The method of claim 44, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. 72. A composition, comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 73. A composition, comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 and water. 74. A method of treating or ameliorating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30, thereby treating or ameliorating the cancer. 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 76. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide inhibits or reduces cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis. 77. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide increases or induces cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation. 78. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 79. The method of claim 74, wherein administering the modified oligonucleotide induces a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 81. A method of inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in a cancer cell comprising contacting the cancer cell with the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30, thereby inhibiting expression of MALAT1 in the cancer cell. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the cancer is breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 83. A method of reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in an individual having cancer, comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby reducing or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell migration, cancer cell branching morphogenesis, tumor progression, tumor growth, or metastasis in the individual. 84. A method of increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby increasing or inducing cancer cell differentiation, cancer cell adhesion, or tumor differentiation in the individual. 85. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology in an individual having cancer comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a cystic, ductular, or acinar phenotype or morphology. 86. A method of inducing a cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure, comprising administering the modified oligonucleotide of claim 30 to the individual, thereby inducing the cancer cell or tumor to have a more differentiated phenotype or structure. 87. The method of claim 86, wherein the more differentiated phenotype or structure comprises presence of secretory lipid droplets, increased desmosomal structures, polarized ductal structures, or increased levels of E-cadherin or casein. 88. The method of claim 86, wherein the individual has breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; breast ductal carcinoma; breast lobular carcinoma; luminal A breast cancer; luminal B breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer; HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer; HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor negative (ER−) breast cancer; Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer; Progesterone Receptor positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and PR negative (PR−) breast cancer; ER negative (ER−) and PR positive (PR+) breast cancer; ER positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer; ER−, PR−, and HER2− triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−; TNBC); hormone receptor negative breast cancer (ER− and PR−); ER+, PR+, and HER2+ triple positive breast cancer (ER+, PR+, HER2+; TPBC); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC); sarcomas; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); gastrointestinal cancer; large intestinal cancer; small intestinal cancer; stomach cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; bladder cancer; liver cancer; biliary tract cancer; urothelial cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; prostate cancer; mesothelioma; chordoma; renal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC); brain cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma; skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; blood cancer; hematopoietic cancer; myeloma; multiple myeloma (MM); B cell malignancies; lymphoma; B cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell lymphoma; leukemia; or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 89. The method of claim 74, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. 90. The method of claim 83, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is administered parenterally. | 1,700 |
344,287 | 16,803,802 | 3,732 | An adjustable, detachable cleat support device panel and method of cleat securement to a shoe which also provide lateral and medial support to an ankle. The cleat securement device comprises, in some embodiments, a resilient body panel having a generally elongated rearwardly-protruding component that encapsulates the heel of the shoe. The device and allows cleats to pass through apertures, which may be circumscribed with a polymeric coating, on a base member of the device. The resilient body panel defines an open end. The detachable body panel adheres to the shoe through the use of a fastening mechanism such as hook-loop fastener. Stitching may provide enhanced stability. The present invention improves the fit of shoes, protects cleats from tire crumb, and provides orthopedic support to players' ankles. | 1. An adjustable, detachable, cleat securement device comprising:
a first flexible, planar body panel defining a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface, the first flexible, planar body panel for circumscribing an exterior surface of a shoe of the wearer; a second flexible, planar body panel defined by a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface, the second flexible, planar body panel affixed to the first flexible planar body panel for circumscribing a surface of the shoe of the wearer; a planar base member affixed to the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel defining a plurality of apertures for receiving cleats on a sole of the shoe; wherein the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel and the base member define a heel opening through which the heel of user protrudes; a first protuberance cantilevering forward from the first flexible, planar body panel, the first protuberance comprises a rounded forward edge; a second protuberance cantilevering forward from the second flexible, planar body panel, the second protuberance comprising a flat forward edge; and fastening means affixed to the second flexible, planar body panel for affixed said second flexible, planar body panel to said first flexible, planar body panel. 2. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 1, wherein the fastening means comprise a pad of hooks and a pad of loops. 3. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 1, wherein edges of the device defining the heel opening are stitched. 4. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of apertures is four or more. 5. A detachable, cleat securement device comprising:
a first sidewall comprising a rearwardly-jutting component and an inferiorly jutting component, wherein the rearwardly-jutting component affixes to a second sidewall and the inferiorly jutting component affixes to a planar bottom surface; a second sidewall comprises a rearwardly-jutting component which affixes to the planar bottom surface; a planar base member defining a plurality of apertures for receiving cleats on a sole of the shoe; wherein a heel opening is defined between the bottom surface and the rearwardly-jutting component through which the heel of user protrudes; a first protuberance cantilevering forward from the first sidewall, the first protuberance comprises a rounded forward edge; a second protuberance cantilevering forward from the second sidewall, the second protuberance comprising a flat forward edge positioning more distally from the second sidewall than the first protuberance positions from the first sidewall; and a convex polymeric disk affixed to the second protuberance comprising a hook pad adapted to affix to a loop pad on first sidewall, wherein the loop pad is larger in area than the hook pad such that the hook pad may be selectively mated with a portion of the loop pad to adjust a size of the apparatus. 6. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 6, wherein the convex polymeric disk exceeds three square inches in diameter. 7. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 6, wherein the convex polymeric disk exceeds three square inches in diameter. 8. A method of protecting cleats from crumb rubber and dirt and affixing cleats more securely to a wearer's foot, the steps of the method comprising:
wrapping an inner surface of a shoe with a first flexible, planar body panel defining a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface; affixing a second flexible, planar body panel to the first flexible planar body panel, the second flexible planar body panel defined by a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface, wrapping an outer surface of the shoe with the second flexible; affixing a planar base member to an inferiorly jutting component of the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel, the planar base member defining a plurality of apertures for receiving cleats on a sole of the shoe; wherein the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel and the base member define a heel opening through which the heel of user protrudes; affixing a first protuberance cantilevering forward of the first flexible, planar body panel to the first flexible, planar body panel, the first protuberance comprising a rounded forward edge; affixing a second protuberance cantilevering forward of the second flexible to the second flexible, planar body panel, planar body panel, the second protuberance comprising a flat forward edge; and fastening the second flexible, planar body panel to said first flexible, planar body panel such that said first flexible planar body panel and said second flexible planar body panel circumscribe the shoe and the ankle of a wearer and partially envelope a vamp of the shoe. 9. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 8, wherein the second, planar body panel is fastened to the first flexible planar body panel using a hook-loop fastener. 10. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 8, wherein the second, planar body panel is fabricated of one of nylon and leather. | An adjustable, detachable cleat support device panel and method of cleat securement to a shoe which also provide lateral and medial support to an ankle. The cleat securement device comprises, in some embodiments, a resilient body panel having a generally elongated rearwardly-protruding component that encapsulates the heel of the shoe. The device and allows cleats to pass through apertures, which may be circumscribed with a polymeric coating, on a base member of the device. The resilient body panel defines an open end. The detachable body panel adheres to the shoe through the use of a fastening mechanism such as hook-loop fastener. Stitching may provide enhanced stability. The present invention improves the fit of shoes, protects cleats from tire crumb, and provides orthopedic support to players' ankles.1. An adjustable, detachable, cleat securement device comprising:
a first flexible, planar body panel defining a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface, the first flexible, planar body panel for circumscribing an exterior surface of a shoe of the wearer; a second flexible, planar body panel defined by a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface, the second flexible, planar body panel affixed to the first flexible planar body panel for circumscribing a surface of the shoe of the wearer; a planar base member affixed to the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel defining a plurality of apertures for receiving cleats on a sole of the shoe; wherein the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel and the base member define a heel opening through which the heel of user protrudes; a first protuberance cantilevering forward from the first flexible, planar body panel, the first protuberance comprises a rounded forward edge; a second protuberance cantilevering forward from the second flexible, planar body panel, the second protuberance comprising a flat forward edge; and fastening means affixed to the second flexible, planar body panel for affixed said second flexible, planar body panel to said first flexible, planar body panel. 2. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 1, wherein the fastening means comprise a pad of hooks and a pad of loops. 3. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 1, wherein edges of the device defining the heel opening are stitched. 4. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of apertures is four or more. 5. A detachable, cleat securement device comprising:
a first sidewall comprising a rearwardly-jutting component and an inferiorly jutting component, wherein the rearwardly-jutting component affixes to a second sidewall and the inferiorly jutting component affixes to a planar bottom surface; a second sidewall comprises a rearwardly-jutting component which affixes to the planar bottom surface; a planar base member defining a plurality of apertures for receiving cleats on a sole of the shoe; wherein a heel opening is defined between the bottom surface and the rearwardly-jutting component through which the heel of user protrudes; a first protuberance cantilevering forward from the first sidewall, the first protuberance comprises a rounded forward edge; a second protuberance cantilevering forward from the second sidewall, the second protuberance comprising a flat forward edge positioning more distally from the second sidewall than the first protuberance positions from the first sidewall; and a convex polymeric disk affixed to the second protuberance comprising a hook pad adapted to affix to a loop pad on first sidewall, wherein the loop pad is larger in area than the hook pad such that the hook pad may be selectively mated with a portion of the loop pad to adjust a size of the apparatus. 6. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 6, wherein the convex polymeric disk exceeds three square inches in diameter. 7. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 6, wherein the convex polymeric disk exceeds three square inches in diameter. 8. A method of protecting cleats from crumb rubber and dirt and affixing cleats more securely to a wearer's foot, the steps of the method comprising:
wrapping an inner surface of a shoe with a first flexible, planar body panel defining a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface; affixing a second flexible, planar body panel to the first flexible planar body panel, the second flexible planar body panel defined by a generally elongated Y-shaped exterior surface, wrapping an outer surface of the shoe with the second flexible; affixing a planar base member to an inferiorly jutting component of the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel, the planar base member defining a plurality of apertures for receiving cleats on a sole of the shoe; wherein the first flexible, planar body panel and the second flexible planar body panel and the base member define a heel opening through which the heel of user protrudes; affixing a first protuberance cantilevering forward of the first flexible, planar body panel to the first flexible, planar body panel, the first protuberance comprising a rounded forward edge; affixing a second protuberance cantilevering forward of the second flexible to the second flexible, planar body panel, planar body panel, the second protuberance comprising a flat forward edge; and fastening the second flexible, planar body panel to said first flexible, planar body panel such that said first flexible planar body panel and said second flexible planar body panel circumscribe the shoe and the ankle of a wearer and partially envelope a vamp of the shoe. 9. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 8, wherein the second, planar body panel is fastened to the first flexible planar body panel using a hook-loop fastener. 10. The detachable, cleat securement device of claim 8, wherein the second, planar body panel is fabricated of one of nylon and leather. | 3,700 |
344,288 | 16,803,795 | 3,732 | An adder circuit provides a first operand input and a second operand input to an XNOR cell. The XNOR cell transforms these inputs to a propagate signal that is applied to an OAT cell to produce a carry out signal. A third OAT cell transforms a third operand input and the propagate signal into a sum output signal. | 1. An adder circuit comprising:
a first operand input and a second operand input to an XNOR cell; an OAI cell transforming an output of the XNOR cell into a carry out signal; and an XOR cell comprising a NOR gate and an AOI cell configured to transform a third operand input and the output of the XNOR cell into a sum output signal. 2. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the XNOR cell comprises a NAND gate coupled to an input of the OAI cell. 3. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein an output of the NOR gate is coupled to an input of the AOI cell. 4. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein an output of the NOR gate is coupled to an input of an OAI cell. 5. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the third operand input is a complement operand input. 6. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the third operand input is an un-complemented operand input. 7. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the sum output signal is an un-complemented sum output signal. 8. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the sum output signal is a complement sum output signal. 9. A compressor circuit comprising:
a first full adder; a second full adder; and each full adder comprising:
a first operand input and a second operand input to both of a NAND gate and a first OAI cell;
a second OAI cell to transform outputs of the NAND gate and the first OAI cell into a carry out signal; and
an output stage comprising an AOI cell to transform outputs of the first OAI cell and a third operand input into a sum output signal. 10. The compressor circuit of claim 9, wherein a sum output of the first full adder is applied to an input stage of the second full adder without an intervening inverter. 11. The compressor circuit of claim 10, wherein the sum output is a complement sum output. 12. The compressor circuit of claim 9, further comprising:
a third full adder coupled to a sum output of the second full adder. 13. An adder circuit comprising:
an XNOR cell; an OAI cell; an AOI cell; and the XNOR cell configured to transform a first operand input and a second operand input into a propagate signal applied to each of the OAI cell and the AOI cell. 14. The adder circuit of claim 13, the XNOR cell further configured to output a generate signal. 15. The adder circuit of claim 14, the OAI cell configured to transform the propagate signal and the generate signal into a carry out signal. 16. The adder circuit of claim 14, the OAI cell further configured to receive a third input. 17. The adder circuit of claim 16, wherein the third input is a third operand input of the adder circuit. 18. The adder circuit of claim 16, wherein the third input is the propagate signal NORed with a third operand input of the adder circuit. 19. A compressor circuit comprising:
a first full adder; a second full adder; and the second full adder comprising:
a first operand input and a carry in input to both of a NAND gate and a first OAI cell;
a second OAI cell transforming outputs of the NAND gate and the first OAI cell into a carry out signal; and
an AOI cell transforming outputs of the first OAI cell and a complement sum input signal into a sum output signal. | An adder circuit provides a first operand input and a second operand input to an XNOR cell. The XNOR cell transforms these inputs to a propagate signal that is applied to an OAT cell to produce a carry out signal. A third OAT cell transforms a third operand input and the propagate signal into a sum output signal.1. An adder circuit comprising:
a first operand input and a second operand input to an XNOR cell; an OAI cell transforming an output of the XNOR cell into a carry out signal; and an XOR cell comprising a NOR gate and an AOI cell configured to transform a third operand input and the output of the XNOR cell into a sum output signal. 2. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the XNOR cell comprises a NAND gate coupled to an input of the OAI cell. 3. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein an output of the NOR gate is coupled to an input of the AOI cell. 4. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein an output of the NOR gate is coupled to an input of an OAI cell. 5. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the third operand input is a complement operand input. 6. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the third operand input is an un-complemented operand input. 7. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the sum output signal is an un-complemented sum output signal. 8. The adder circuit of claim 1, wherein the sum output signal is a complement sum output signal. 9. A compressor circuit comprising:
a first full adder; a second full adder; and each full adder comprising:
a first operand input and a second operand input to both of a NAND gate and a first OAI cell;
a second OAI cell to transform outputs of the NAND gate and the first OAI cell into a carry out signal; and
an output stage comprising an AOI cell to transform outputs of the first OAI cell and a third operand input into a sum output signal. 10. The compressor circuit of claim 9, wherein a sum output of the first full adder is applied to an input stage of the second full adder without an intervening inverter. 11. The compressor circuit of claim 10, wherein the sum output is a complement sum output. 12. The compressor circuit of claim 9, further comprising:
a third full adder coupled to a sum output of the second full adder. 13. An adder circuit comprising:
an XNOR cell; an OAI cell; an AOI cell; and the XNOR cell configured to transform a first operand input and a second operand input into a propagate signal applied to each of the OAI cell and the AOI cell. 14. The adder circuit of claim 13, the XNOR cell further configured to output a generate signal. 15. The adder circuit of claim 14, the OAI cell configured to transform the propagate signal and the generate signal into a carry out signal. 16. The adder circuit of claim 14, the OAI cell further configured to receive a third input. 17. The adder circuit of claim 16, wherein the third input is a third operand input of the adder circuit. 18. The adder circuit of claim 16, wherein the third input is the propagate signal NORed with a third operand input of the adder circuit. 19. A compressor circuit comprising:
a first full adder; a second full adder; and the second full adder comprising:
a first operand input and a carry in input to both of a NAND gate and a first OAI cell;
a second OAI cell transforming outputs of the NAND gate and the first OAI cell into a carry out signal; and
an AOI cell transforming outputs of the first OAI cell and a complement sum input signal into a sum output signal. | 3,700 |
344,289 | 16,803,745 | 3,732 | The present invention concerns modified recombinant J-chain polypeptides, binding molecules, such as antibodies comprising the same, and their uses. | 1. A polymeric antibody that specifically binds to an antigen, the polymeric antibody comprising at least two immunoglobulin monomers and a modified J-chain, wherein the modified J-chain comprises an extraneous binding moiety introduced into a native J-chain, or a variant of the native J-chain, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer comprises two heavy chains or polymerizing fragments thereof, and wherein each heavy chain comprises a tail-piece domain and a heavy chain constant domain fused to an antibody variable domain. 2. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the native J-chain is a native human J-chain. 3. The polymeric antibody of claim 2, wherein the native human J-chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 1. 4. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain by indirect fusion through a peptide linker. 5. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the peptide linker is located at or around the C- and/or N-terminus of the binding moiety. 6. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain at the C-terminus of the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain. 7. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain at the N-terminus of the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain. 8. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the peptide linker is about 10 to 20 amino acids long. 9. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the peptide linker is 15 amino acids long. 10. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, further comprising an additional extraneous binding moiety, wherein the additional extraneous binding moiety is a polypeptide introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain by direct or indirect fusion. 11. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody, an antibody-drug conjugate, an antibody-like molecule, an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody-like molecule, a soluble protein, a ligand, a receptor, a virus-like particle, a protein toxin, an enzyme, a darpin, a fibronectin domain, an adnectin, and a knottin. 12. The polymeric antibody of claim 11, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody selected from the group consisting of an F(ab′)2, an F(ab)2, an Fab′, an Fab, an Fv, an scFv, and a single domain antibody. 13. The polymeric antibody of claim 12, wherein the antigen-binding fragment is an scFv. 14. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the extraneous binding moiety binds to an effector cell selected from the group consisting of a T-cell, a natural killer (NK) cell, a macrophage, and a neutrophil. 15. The polymeric antibody of claim 14, wherein the effector cell is a T-cell. 16. The polymeric antibody of claim 15, wherein the extraneous binding moiety binds to CD3ε on the T-cell. 17. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, which comprises five immunoglobulin monomers to form a pentamer, wherein the two heavy chains or polymerizing fragments thereof of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise an IgM tail-piece (μtp) and a Cμ4 domain. 18. The polymeric antibody of claim 17, wherein the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer each further comprise a Cμ1 domain, a Cμ2 domain, and a Cμ3 domain. 19. The polymeric antibody of claim 18, wherein the antibody variable domains of the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH), and wherein each heavy chain comprises, starting at the N-terminus, the VH, the Cμ1 domain, the Cμ2 domain, the Cμ3 domain, the Cμ4 domain, and the μtp. 20. The polymeric antibody of claim 19, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). 21. The polymeric antibody of claim 17, wherein the two heavy chains of immunoglobulin monomer are hybrid heavy chains further comprising one or more heavy chain constant region domains of a non-IgM isotype. 22. The polymeric antibody of claim 21, wherein the non-IgM isotype is IgG. 23. The polymeric antibody of claim 21, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). 24. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, which comprises two immunoglobulin monomers to form a dimer, wherein the two heavy chains or polymerizing fragments thereof of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise an IgA tail-piece (αtp) and a Cα3 domain. 25. The polymeric antibody of claim 24, wherein the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer each further comprise a Cα1 domain, and a Cα2 domain. 26. The polymeric antibody of claim 25, wherein the antibody variable domains of the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH), and wherein each heavy chain comprises, starting at the N-terminus, the VH, the Cα1 domain, the Cα2 domain, the Cα3 domain, and the atp. 27. The polymeric antibody of claim 26, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). 28. The polymeric antibody of claim 24, wherein the two heavy chains of immunoglobulin monomer are hybrid heavy chains further comprising one or more heavy chain constant region domains of a non-IgA isotype. 29. The polymeric antibody of claim 28, wherein the non-IgA isotype is IgG. 30. The polymeric antibody of claim 29, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). | The present invention concerns modified recombinant J-chain polypeptides, binding molecules, such as antibodies comprising the same, and their uses.1. A polymeric antibody that specifically binds to an antigen, the polymeric antibody comprising at least two immunoglobulin monomers and a modified J-chain, wherein the modified J-chain comprises an extraneous binding moiety introduced into a native J-chain, or a variant of the native J-chain, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer comprises two heavy chains or polymerizing fragments thereof, and wherein each heavy chain comprises a tail-piece domain and a heavy chain constant domain fused to an antibody variable domain. 2. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the native J-chain is a native human J-chain. 3. The polymeric antibody of claim 2, wherein the native human J-chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 1. 4. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain by indirect fusion through a peptide linker. 5. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the peptide linker is located at or around the C- and/or N-terminus of the binding moiety. 6. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain at the C-terminus of the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain. 7. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain at the N-terminus of the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain. 8. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the peptide linker is about 10 to 20 amino acids long. 9. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, wherein the peptide linker is 15 amino acids long. 10. The polymeric antibody of claim 4, further comprising an additional extraneous binding moiety, wherein the additional extraneous binding moiety is a polypeptide introduced into the native J-chain or the variant of the native J-chain by direct or indirect fusion. 11. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody, an antibody-drug conjugate, an antibody-like molecule, an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody-like molecule, a soluble protein, a ligand, a receptor, a virus-like particle, a protein toxin, an enzyme, a darpin, a fibronectin domain, an adnectin, and a knottin. 12. The polymeric antibody of claim 11, wherein the extraneous binding moiety is an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody selected from the group consisting of an F(ab′)2, an F(ab)2, an Fab′, an Fab, an Fv, an scFv, and a single domain antibody. 13. The polymeric antibody of claim 12, wherein the antigen-binding fragment is an scFv. 14. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, wherein the extraneous binding moiety binds to an effector cell selected from the group consisting of a T-cell, a natural killer (NK) cell, a macrophage, and a neutrophil. 15. The polymeric antibody of claim 14, wherein the effector cell is a T-cell. 16. The polymeric antibody of claim 15, wherein the extraneous binding moiety binds to CD3ε on the T-cell. 17. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, which comprises five immunoglobulin monomers to form a pentamer, wherein the two heavy chains or polymerizing fragments thereof of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise an IgM tail-piece (μtp) and a Cμ4 domain. 18. The polymeric antibody of claim 17, wherein the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer each further comprise a Cμ1 domain, a Cμ2 domain, and a Cμ3 domain. 19. The polymeric antibody of claim 18, wherein the antibody variable domains of the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH), and wherein each heavy chain comprises, starting at the N-terminus, the VH, the Cμ1 domain, the Cμ2 domain, the Cμ3 domain, the Cμ4 domain, and the μtp. 20. The polymeric antibody of claim 19, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). 21. The polymeric antibody of claim 17, wherein the two heavy chains of immunoglobulin monomer are hybrid heavy chains further comprising one or more heavy chain constant region domains of a non-IgM isotype. 22. The polymeric antibody of claim 21, wherein the non-IgM isotype is IgG. 23. The polymeric antibody of claim 21, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). 24. The polymeric antibody of claim 1, which comprises two immunoglobulin monomers to form a dimer, wherein the two heavy chains or polymerizing fragments thereof of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise an IgA tail-piece (αtp) and a Cα3 domain. 25. The polymeric antibody of claim 24, wherein the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer each further comprise a Cα1 domain, and a Cα2 domain. 26. The polymeric antibody of claim 25, wherein the antibody variable domains of the two heavy chains of each immunoglobulin monomer comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH), and wherein each heavy chain comprises, starting at the N-terminus, the VH, the Cα1 domain, the Cα2 domain, the Cα3 domain, and the atp. 27. The polymeric antibody of claim 26, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). 28. The polymeric antibody of claim 24, wherein the two heavy chains of immunoglobulin monomer are hybrid heavy chains further comprising one or more heavy chain constant region domains of a non-IgA isotype. 29. The polymeric antibody of claim 28, wherein the non-IgA isotype is IgG. 30. The polymeric antibody of claim 29, wherein each immunoglobulin monomer further comprises two light chains associated with the two heavy chains, each light chain comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL). | 3,700 |
344,290 | 16,803,710 | 3,732 | The present invention relates to a novel bacteriophage ΦCJ28 (KCCM11466P) and a composition containing the same as an active ingredient. Further, the present invention relates to a method for preventing and/or treating infective diseases caused by enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) of animals excluding humans by using the composition. A bacteriophage ΦCJ28 (KCCM11466P) has a specific ability to kill enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A composition comprising a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 and an effective amount of a binder sufficient to reduce deterioration of the bacteriophage, wherein the composition is in a dried state. 14. The composition according to claim 13, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 15. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the dried state is a dried powder state. 16. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the composition is formulated in pills, capsules, granules, or tablets. 17. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, mannitol, starch, amylopectin, cellulose, and gelatin. 18. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the composition is an additive for adding to an animal feed or drinking water. 19. A method for preventing or treating infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a non-human animal infected by enterotoxigenic E. coli having F4, F5, F6 or F18 serotype. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 21. A method for preventing or treating infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a composition comprising a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a non-human animal infected by enterotoxigenic E. coli having F4, F5, F6 or F18 serotype. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 23. A method for preventing infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a pig. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 25. A method for preventing infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a composition comprising a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a pig. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 27. A method of preparing an additive composition, the method comprising:
providing the bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P; and mixing the bacteriophage with at least one additional material to provide the additive composition. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the bacteriophage is in an amount of 0.05 wt % to 10 wt % based on the weight of the additive composition. 29. A method of preparing a feed composition, the method comprising:
preparing an additive composition according to the method of claim 27; and mixing the additive composition with an animal feed to provide the feed composition. 30. A method of feeding, the method comprising:
preparing a feed composition according to the method of claim 29; and providing the feed composition to an animal. 31. A method of preparing a drinking water composition, the method comprising:
preparing an additive composition according to the method of claim 27; and mixing the additive composition with drinking water to provide the drinking water composition. 32. A method of providing drinking water to an animal, the method comprising:
preparing the drinking water composition according to the method of claim 31; and providing the drinking water composition to an animal. | The present invention relates to a novel bacteriophage ΦCJ28 (KCCM11466P) and a composition containing the same as an active ingredient. Further, the present invention relates to a method for preventing and/or treating infective diseases caused by enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) of animals excluding humans by using the composition. A bacteriophage ΦCJ28 (KCCM11466P) has a specific ability to kill enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.1-12. (canceled) 13. A composition comprising a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 and an effective amount of a binder sufficient to reduce deterioration of the bacteriophage, wherein the composition is in a dried state. 14. The composition according to claim 13, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 15. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the dried state is a dried powder state. 16. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the composition is formulated in pills, capsules, granules, or tablets. 17. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, mannitol, starch, amylopectin, cellulose, and gelatin. 18. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the composition is an additive for adding to an animal feed or drinking water. 19. A method for preventing or treating infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a non-human animal infected by enterotoxigenic E. coli having F4, F5, F6 or F18 serotype. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 21. A method for preventing or treating infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a composition comprising a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a non-human animal infected by enterotoxigenic E. coli having F4, F5, F6 or F18 serotype. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 23. A method for preventing infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a pig. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 25. A method for preventing infectious disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, comprising:
administering a composition comprising a bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P to a pig. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the infectious disease is colibacillosis. 27. A method of preparing an additive composition, the method comprising:
providing the bacteriophage ΦCJ28 deposited as accession number KCCM11466P; and mixing the bacteriophage with at least one additional material to provide the additive composition. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the bacteriophage is in an amount of 0.05 wt % to 10 wt % based on the weight of the additive composition. 29. A method of preparing a feed composition, the method comprising:
preparing an additive composition according to the method of claim 27; and mixing the additive composition with an animal feed to provide the feed composition. 30. A method of feeding, the method comprising:
preparing a feed composition according to the method of claim 29; and providing the feed composition to an animal. 31. A method of preparing a drinking water composition, the method comprising:
preparing an additive composition according to the method of claim 27; and mixing the additive composition with drinking water to provide the drinking water composition. 32. A method of providing drinking water to an animal, the method comprising:
preparing the drinking water composition according to the method of claim 31; and providing the drinking water composition to an animal. | 3,700 |
344,291 | 16,803,777 | 3,732 | Training an artificial intelligence model to determine whether a text document is written about a particular concept. A set of key terms that relate to the particular concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest is identified. The set of key terms is expanded into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms. Candidate documents having a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset are identified based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents. Training documents are generated from the candidate documents and unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept. | 1. A method for training an artificial intelligence model, the method comprising:
identifying, by a computer system, a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest; expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms; identifying, by the computer system, candidate documents that have a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents; and generating, by the computer system, training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept, wherein time is reduced in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computer system, the set of key terms comprises:
receiving, by the computer system, the set of key terms in a user input generated by at least one of a human machine interface or artificial intelligence system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into the key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have meanings related to the number of key terms in the set of key terms comprises:
expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into the key term superset using a synonym model, wherein the key term superset comprises the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the number of key terms in the set of key terms that are obtained from the synonym model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the synonym model comprises at least one of an anchor link method, a URL redirects and disambiguation method, a wikidata synonym ranking method, a word embedding, or a word vector model. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computer system, candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents comprises:
identifying, by the computer system, the candidate documents from a collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form breadth first prioritized documents and how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth first prioritized documents. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, by the computer system, identifying the candidate documents from the collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and how many times the term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth the first prioritized documents comprises:
identifying, by the computer system, the candidate documents from the collection of documents using a first threshold of how many different terms in the key term superset are present in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and a second threshold of how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form the depth first prioritized documents. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computer system, candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents comprises:
prioritizing, by the computer system, a collection of documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents; and identifying, by the computer system, the candidate documents based on a number of prioritized documents having a priority level that indicates the likelihood of being relevant to the concept. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein prioritizing, by the computer system, the documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents comprises:
prioritizing, by the computer system, the documents based on how many different terms in the key term superset are in each document in the documents to form breadth first prioritized documents; and prioritizing, by the computer system, the documents based on how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents, wherein the documents having a higher priority have a higher likelihood of being relevant to the concept as compared to the documents having a lower priority. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept comprises:
selecting, by the computer system, a number of the breadth first prioritized documents and a number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level; and randomly selecting, by the computer system, a number of the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and. combining, by the computer system, the number of the breadth first prioritized documents and the number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level with the number of unlabeled documents to form the training documents to form the training documents with binary labels. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a document in the breadth first prioritized documents is also in the number of the depth first prioritized documents. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected base on the likelihood of being relevant to the concept comprises:
generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept using a set of machine learning algorithms. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of machine learning algorithms comprises at least one of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm, a SPY algorithm, a partially supervised classifier, a weakly supervised classifier, a semi-supervised classifier, a positive-unlabeled classifier, a bag-of-words model, a term frequency model-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vectorization, a Naive Bayes classifier, a Complement Naive Bayes classifier, a Logistic Regression classifier, an artificial neural network classifier, a random forest classifier, a support vector machine classifier, or a distributed word embedding. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected base on the likelihood of being relevant to the concept comprises:
selecting, by the computer system, a number of SPY documents from among the candidate documents; removing, by the computer system, the selected SPY documents from the candidate documents; adding, by the computer system, the selected SPY documents to the unlabeled documents; training, by the computer system, a weak classification model with the candidate documents and unlabeled documents, wherein the unlabeled documents include the SPY documents; calculating, by the computer system with the weak classification model, a SPY score for each candidate document and unlabeled document; sorting, by the computer system, the SPY documents in order of respective SPY score; selecting, by the computer system, a pivot SPY document at a specified quantile of the SPY documents, wherein the SPY score of the pivot document constitutes a pivot score; constructing, by the computer system, a set of reliably positive documents from all candidate documents with SPY scores greater than the pivot score; and constructing, by the computer system, a set of reliably negative documents from all unlabeled documents with SPY scores less than the pivot score. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SPY documents are selected from among candidate documents having relevance scores within a specified quantile. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
training, by the computer system, the artificial intelligence model using the training documents to create a text classifier. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
classifying, by the computer system, documents using the text classifier trained using the training documents. 17. A method for training an artificial intelligence model, the method comprising:
identifying, by a computer system, a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest; expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms; searching, by the computer system, a collection of documents using the terms in the key term superset to identify unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and generating, by the computer system, training documents from the unlabeled documents using a machine learning model, wherein the training documents comprises a positive sample and a negative sample, wherein the positive sample comprises documents in the unlabeled documents that have been prioritized based on a presence of terms in the documents and the negative sample comprises a random sampling of unlabeled documents from the collection of documents, wherein the method enables reducing a time in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept by the computer system generating the training documents. 18. A concept recognition system comprising:
a computer system; and a concept modeling engine in the computer system, wherein the concept modeling engine operates to:
identify a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of an artificial intelligence model is of interest;
expand the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms;
identify candidate documents that have a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents; and
generate training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept, wherein time is reduced in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 19. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in identifying the set of key terms, the concept modeling engine operates to:
receive the set of key terms in a user input generated by at least one of a human machine interface or artificial intelligence system. 20. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in expanding the set of key terms into the key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the set of key terms, the concept modeling engine operates to:
expand the set of key terms into the key term superset using a synonym model, wherein the key term superset comprises the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the number of terms in the set of key terms that are obtained from the synonym model. 21. The concept recognition system of claim 20, wherein the synonym model comprises at least one of an anchor link method, a URL redirects and disambiguation method, a wikidata synonym ranking method, a word embedding, or a word vector model. 22. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in identifying candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents, concept modeling engine operates to: identify the candidate documents from a collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form breadth first prioritized documents and how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth first prioritized documents. 23. The concept recognition system of claim 22, wherein, by the computer system, in identifying the candidate documents from the collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and how many times the term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth the first prioritized documents, concept modeling engine operates to:
identify the candidate documents from the collection of documents using a first threshold of how many different terms in the key term superset are present in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and a second threshold of how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form the depth first prioritized documents. 24. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in identifying candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents, the concept modeling engine operates to:
prioritize documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents; and identify the candidate documents based on a number of prioritized documents having a priority level that indicates the likelihood of being relevant to the concept. 25. The concept recognition system of claim 24, wherein in prioritizing the documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents, the concept modeling engine operates to:
prioritize the documents based on how many different terms in the key term superset are in each document in the documents to form breadth first prioritized documents; and prioritize the documents based on how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents, wherein the documents having a higher priority have a higher likelihood of being relevant to the concept as compared to the documents having a lower priority. 26. The concept recognition system of claim 25, wherein in generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept, the concept modeling engine operates to:
select a number of the breadth first prioritized documents and a number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level; randomly select a number of the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and combine number of the breadth first prioritized documents and the number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level with the number of unlabeled documents to form the training documents to form the training documents with binary labels. 27. The concept recognition system of claim 26, wherein a document in the breadth first prioritized documents is also in the number of the depth first prioritized documents. 28. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept, the concept modeling engine operates to:
generate the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept using a set of machine learning algorithms. 29. The concept recognition system of claim 28, wherein the set of machine learning algorithms comprises at least one of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm, a SPY algorithm, a partially supervised classifier, a weakly supervised classifier, a semi-supervised classifier, a positive-unlabeled classifier, a bag-of-words model, a term frequency model-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vectorization, a Naive Bayes classifier, a Complement Naive Bayes classifier, a Logistic Regression classifier, an artificial neural network classifier, a random forest classifier, a support vector machine classifier, or a distributed word embedding. 30. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the likelihood of the unlabeled documents being relevant to the concept, the concept modeling engine operates to:
select a number of SPY documents from among the candidate documents; remove the selected SPY documents from the candidate documents; add the selected SPY documents to the unlabeled documents; train a weak classification model with the candidate documents and unlabeled documents, wherein the unlabeled documents include the SPY documents; calculate, with the weak classification model, a SPY score for each candidate document and unlabeled document; sort the SPY documents in order of respective SPY score; select a pivot SPY document at a specified quantile of the SPY documents, wherein the SPY score of the pivot document constitutes a pivot score; construct a set of reliably positive documents from all candidate documents with SPY scores greater than the pivot score; and construct a set of reliably negative documents from all unlabeled documents with SPY scores less than the pivot score. 31. The concept recognition system of claim 30, wherein the SPY documents are selected from among candidate documents having relevance scores within a specified quantile. 32. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein the concept modeling engine operates to:
train the artificial intelligence model using the training documents to create a text classifier. 33. The concept recognition system of claim 32 further comprising:
classifying, by the computer system, documents using the text classifier trained using the training documents. 34. A concept recognition system comprising:
a computer system that operates to:
identify a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest;
expand the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms;
search a collection of documents using the terms in the key term superset to identify unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and
generate training documents from the unlabeled documents using a machine learning model, wherein the training documents comprises a positive sample and a negative sample, wherein the positive sample comprises documents in the unlabeled documents that have been prioritized based on a presence of terms in the documents and the negative sample comprises a random sampling of unlabeled documents from the collection of documents, wherein the concept recognition system enables reducing time in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 35. A computer program product for training an artificial intelligence model, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage media; first program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest; second program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for expanding the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms; third program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying candidate documents that have a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents; and fourth program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for generating training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept, wherein time is reduced in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 36. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein third program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for receiving the set of key terms in a user input generated by at least one of a human machine interface or artificial intelligence system. 37. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein second program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for expanding the set of key terms into the key term superset using a synonym model, wherein the key term superset comprises the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the number of terms in the set of key terms that are obtained from the synonym model. 38. The computer program product of claim 37, wherein the synonym model comprises at least one of an anchor link method, a URL redirects and disambiguation method, a wikidata synonym ranking method, a word embedding, or a word vector model. 39. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein third program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying the candidate documents from a collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form breadth first prioritized documents and how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth first prioritized documents. 40. The computer program product of claim 39 wherein the third program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying the candidate documents from the collection of documents using a first threshold of how many different terms in the key term superset are present in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and a second threshold of how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form the depth first prioritized documents. 41. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the fourth program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept using a set of machine learning algorithms. 42. The computer program product of claim 41, wherein the set of machine learning algorithms comprises at least one of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm, a SPY algorithm, a partially supervised classifier, a weakly supervised classifier, a semi-supervised classifier, a positive-unlabeled classifier, a bag-of-words model, a term frequency model-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vectorization, a Naive Bayes classifier, a Complement Naive Bayes classifier, a Logistic Regression classifier, an artificial neural network classifier, a random forest classifier, a support vector machine classifier, or a distributed word embedding. 43. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the fourth program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for: selecting a number of SPY documents from among the candidate documents; removing the selected SPY documents from the candidate documents; adding the selected SPY documents to the unlabeled documents; training a weak classification model with the candidate documents and unlabeled documents, wherein the unlabeled documents include the SPY documents; calculating, with the weak classification model, a SPY score for each candidate document and unlabeled document; sorting the SPY documents in order of respective SPY score; selecting a pivot SPY document at a specified quantile of the SPY documents, wherein the SPY score of the pivot document constitutes a pivot score; constructing a set of reliably positive documents from all candidate documents with SPY scores greater than the pivot score; and constructing a set of reliably negative documents from all unlabeled documents with SPY scores less than the pivot score. 44. The computer program product of claim 43, wherein the SPY documents are selected from among candidate documents having relevance scores within a specified quantile. | Training an artificial intelligence model to determine whether a text document is written about a particular concept. A set of key terms that relate to the particular concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest is identified. The set of key terms is expanded into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms. Candidate documents having a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset are identified based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents. Training documents are generated from the candidate documents and unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept.1. A method for training an artificial intelligence model, the method comprising:
identifying, by a computer system, a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest; expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms; identifying, by the computer system, candidate documents that have a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents; and generating, by the computer system, training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept, wherein time is reduced in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computer system, the set of key terms comprises:
receiving, by the computer system, the set of key terms in a user input generated by at least one of a human machine interface or artificial intelligence system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into the key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have meanings related to the number of key terms in the set of key terms comprises:
expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into the key term superset using a synonym model, wherein the key term superset comprises the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the number of key terms in the set of key terms that are obtained from the synonym model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the synonym model comprises at least one of an anchor link method, a URL redirects and disambiguation method, a wikidata synonym ranking method, a word embedding, or a word vector model. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computer system, candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents comprises:
identifying, by the computer system, the candidate documents from a collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form breadth first prioritized documents and how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth first prioritized documents. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, by the computer system, identifying the candidate documents from the collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and how many times the term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth the first prioritized documents comprises:
identifying, by the computer system, the candidate documents from the collection of documents using a first threshold of how many different terms in the key term superset are present in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and a second threshold of how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form the depth first prioritized documents. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, by the computer system, candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents comprises:
prioritizing, by the computer system, a collection of documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents; and identifying, by the computer system, the candidate documents based on a number of prioritized documents having a priority level that indicates the likelihood of being relevant to the concept. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein prioritizing, by the computer system, the documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents comprises:
prioritizing, by the computer system, the documents based on how many different terms in the key term superset are in each document in the documents to form breadth first prioritized documents; and prioritizing, by the computer system, the documents based on how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents, wherein the documents having a higher priority have a higher likelihood of being relevant to the concept as compared to the documents having a lower priority. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept comprises:
selecting, by the computer system, a number of the breadth first prioritized documents and a number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level; and randomly selecting, by the computer system, a number of the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and. combining, by the computer system, the number of the breadth first prioritized documents and the number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level with the number of unlabeled documents to form the training documents to form the training documents with binary labels. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a document in the breadth first prioritized documents is also in the number of the depth first prioritized documents. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected base on the likelihood of being relevant to the concept comprises:
generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept using a set of machine learning algorithms. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of machine learning algorithms comprises at least one of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm, a SPY algorithm, a partially supervised classifier, a weakly supervised classifier, a semi-supervised classifier, a positive-unlabeled classifier, a bag-of-words model, a term frequency model-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vectorization, a Naive Bayes classifier, a Complement Naive Bayes classifier, a Logistic Regression classifier, an artificial neural network classifier, a random forest classifier, a support vector machine classifier, or a distributed word embedding. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computer system, the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected base on the likelihood of being relevant to the concept comprises:
selecting, by the computer system, a number of SPY documents from among the candidate documents; removing, by the computer system, the selected SPY documents from the candidate documents; adding, by the computer system, the selected SPY documents to the unlabeled documents; training, by the computer system, a weak classification model with the candidate documents and unlabeled documents, wherein the unlabeled documents include the SPY documents; calculating, by the computer system with the weak classification model, a SPY score for each candidate document and unlabeled document; sorting, by the computer system, the SPY documents in order of respective SPY score; selecting, by the computer system, a pivot SPY document at a specified quantile of the SPY documents, wherein the SPY score of the pivot document constitutes a pivot score; constructing, by the computer system, a set of reliably positive documents from all candidate documents with SPY scores greater than the pivot score; and constructing, by the computer system, a set of reliably negative documents from all unlabeled documents with SPY scores less than the pivot score. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SPY documents are selected from among candidate documents having relevance scores within a specified quantile. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
training, by the computer system, the artificial intelligence model using the training documents to create a text classifier. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
classifying, by the computer system, documents using the text classifier trained using the training documents. 17. A method for training an artificial intelligence model, the method comprising:
identifying, by a computer system, a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest; expanding, by the computer system, the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms; searching, by the computer system, a collection of documents using the terms in the key term superset to identify unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and generating, by the computer system, training documents from the unlabeled documents using a machine learning model, wherein the training documents comprises a positive sample and a negative sample, wherein the positive sample comprises documents in the unlabeled documents that have been prioritized based on a presence of terms in the documents and the negative sample comprises a random sampling of unlabeled documents from the collection of documents, wherein the method enables reducing a time in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept by the computer system generating the training documents. 18. A concept recognition system comprising:
a computer system; and a concept modeling engine in the computer system, wherein the concept modeling engine operates to:
identify a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of an artificial intelligence model is of interest;
expand the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms;
identify candidate documents that have a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents; and
generate training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept, wherein time is reduced in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 19. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in identifying the set of key terms, the concept modeling engine operates to:
receive the set of key terms in a user input generated by at least one of a human machine interface or artificial intelligence system. 20. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in expanding the set of key terms into the key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the set of key terms, the concept modeling engine operates to:
expand the set of key terms into the key term superset using a synonym model, wherein the key term superset comprises the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the number of terms in the set of key terms that are obtained from the synonym model. 21. The concept recognition system of claim 20, wherein the synonym model comprises at least one of an anchor link method, a URL redirects and disambiguation method, a wikidata synonym ranking method, a word embedding, or a word vector model. 22. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in identifying candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents, concept modeling engine operates to: identify the candidate documents from a collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form breadth first prioritized documents and how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth first prioritized documents. 23. The concept recognition system of claim 22, wherein, by the computer system, in identifying the candidate documents from the collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and how many times the term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth the first prioritized documents, concept modeling engine operates to:
identify the candidate documents from the collection of documents using a first threshold of how many different terms in the key term superset are present in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and a second threshold of how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form the depth first prioritized documents. 24. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in identifying candidate documents that have the selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the key term superset based on the occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents, the concept modeling engine operates to:
prioritize documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents; and identify the candidate documents based on a number of prioritized documents having a priority level that indicates the likelihood of being relevant to the concept. 25. The concept recognition system of claim 24, wherein in prioritizing the documents based on the occurrence of the terms in the documents, the concept modeling engine operates to:
prioritize the documents based on how many different terms in the key term superset are in each document in the documents to form breadth first prioritized documents; and prioritize the documents based on how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the documents to form depth first prioritized documents, wherein the documents having a higher priority have a higher likelihood of being relevant to the concept as compared to the documents having a lower priority. 26. The concept recognition system of claim 25, wherein in generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept, the concept modeling engine operates to:
select a number of the breadth first prioritized documents and a number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level; randomly select a number of the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and combine number of the breadth first prioritized documents and the number of the depth first prioritized documents having a highest priority level with the number of unlabeled documents to form the training documents to form the training documents with binary labels. 27. The concept recognition system of claim 26, wherein a document in the breadth first prioritized documents is also in the number of the depth first prioritized documents. 28. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept, the concept modeling engine operates to:
generate the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept using a set of machine learning algorithms. 29. The concept recognition system of claim 28, wherein the set of machine learning algorithms comprises at least one of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm, a SPY algorithm, a partially supervised classifier, a weakly supervised classifier, a semi-supervised classifier, a positive-unlabeled classifier, a bag-of-words model, a term frequency model-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vectorization, a Naive Bayes classifier, a Complement Naive Bayes classifier, a Logistic Regression classifier, an artificial neural network classifier, a random forest classifier, a support vector machine classifier, or a distributed word embedding. 30. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein in generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the likelihood of the unlabeled documents being relevant to the concept, the concept modeling engine operates to:
select a number of SPY documents from among the candidate documents; remove the selected SPY documents from the candidate documents; add the selected SPY documents to the unlabeled documents; train a weak classification model with the candidate documents and unlabeled documents, wherein the unlabeled documents include the SPY documents; calculate, with the weak classification model, a SPY score for each candidate document and unlabeled document; sort the SPY documents in order of respective SPY score; select a pivot SPY document at a specified quantile of the SPY documents, wherein the SPY score of the pivot document constitutes a pivot score; construct a set of reliably positive documents from all candidate documents with SPY scores greater than the pivot score; and construct a set of reliably negative documents from all unlabeled documents with SPY scores less than the pivot score. 31. The concept recognition system of claim 30, wherein the SPY documents are selected from among candidate documents having relevance scores within a specified quantile. 32. The concept recognition system of claim 18, wherein the concept modeling engine operates to:
train the artificial intelligence model using the training documents to create a text classifier. 33. The concept recognition system of claim 32 further comprising:
classifying, by the computer system, documents using the text classifier trained using the training documents. 34. A concept recognition system comprising:
a computer system that operates to:
identify a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest;
expand the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms;
search a collection of documents using the terms in the key term superset to identify unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept; and
generate training documents from the unlabeled documents using a machine learning model, wherein the training documents comprises a positive sample and a negative sample, wherein the positive sample comprises documents in the unlabeled documents that have been prioritized based on a presence of terms in the documents and the negative sample comprises a random sampling of unlabeled documents from the collection of documents, wherein the concept recognition system enables reducing time in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 35. A computer program product for training an artificial intelligence model, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage media; first program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying a set of key terms that relate to a concept for which training of the artificial intelligence model is of interest; second program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for expanding the set of key terms into a key term superset comprising terms that include the set of key terms and a number of additional terms that have meanings related to a number of key terms in the set of key terms; third program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying candidate documents that have a selected likelihood of being relevant to the concept using the terms in the key term superset based on an occurrence of the terms in the candidate documents; and fourth program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for generating training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents in which the unlabeled documents have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having a likelihood of being relevant to the concept, wherein time is reduced in training the artificial intelligence model to identify documents relating to the concept with the computer generating the training documents. 36. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein third program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for receiving the set of key terms in a user input generated by at least one of a human machine interface or artificial intelligence system. 37. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein second program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for expanding the set of key terms into the key term superset using a synonym model, wherein the key term superset comprises the set of key terms and the number of additional terms that have the meanings related to the number of terms in the set of key terms that are obtained from the synonym model. 38. The computer program product of claim 37, wherein the synonym model comprises at least one of an anchor link method, a URL redirects and disambiguation method, a wikidata synonym ranking method, a word embedding, or a word vector model. 39. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein third program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying the candidate documents from a collection of documents based on how many of the terms in the key term superset are in each document in the collection of documents to form breadth first prioritized documents and how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form depth first prioritized documents. 40. The computer program product of claim 39 wherein the third program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying the candidate documents from the collection of documents using a first threshold of how many different terms in the key term superset are present in each document in the collection of documents to form the breadth first prioritized documents and a second threshold of how many times a term in the key term superset is present in each document in the collection of documents to form the depth first prioritized documents. 41. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the fourth program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for generating the training documents from the candidate documents and from unlabeled documents that have not been selected based on the unlabeled documents having the likelihood of being relevant to the concept using a set of machine learning algorithms. 42. The computer program product of claim 41, wherein the set of machine learning algorithms comprises at least one of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm, a SPY algorithm, a partially supervised classifier, a weakly supervised classifier, a semi-supervised classifier, a positive-unlabeled classifier, a bag-of-words model, a term frequency model-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vectorization, a Naive Bayes classifier, a Complement Naive Bayes classifier, a Logistic Regression classifier, an artificial neural network classifier, a random forest classifier, a support vector machine classifier, or a distributed word embedding. 43. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the fourth program code comprises:
program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for: selecting a number of SPY documents from among the candidate documents; removing the selected SPY documents from the candidate documents; adding the selected SPY documents to the unlabeled documents; training a weak classification model with the candidate documents and unlabeled documents, wherein the unlabeled documents include the SPY documents; calculating, with the weak classification model, a SPY score for each candidate document and unlabeled document; sorting the SPY documents in order of respective SPY score; selecting a pivot SPY document at a specified quantile of the SPY documents, wherein the SPY score of the pivot document constitutes a pivot score; constructing a set of reliably positive documents from all candidate documents with SPY scores greater than the pivot score; and constructing a set of reliably negative documents from all unlabeled documents with SPY scores less than the pivot score. 44. The computer program product of claim 43, wherein the SPY documents are selected from among candidate documents having relevance scores within a specified quantile. | 3,700 |
344,292 | 16,803,706 | 3,732 | A method of coding video data is provided to include resetting one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; coding a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; deriving motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and coding the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. | 1. A method of coding video data, the method comprising:
resetting one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; coding a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; deriving motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and coding the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: disabling usage of motion candidates in the table derived from the first video region during the coding of a second video region which is different from the first video region. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and the second video region respectively comprise one of a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) row, a tile or a slice. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and the second video region are respectively one of a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) row in a tile or a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) row in a slice. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the first region is a CTU row above the second region which is another CTU row. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resetting comprises:
resetting the number of available motion candidates in the one or more tables to zero. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein further comprising:
maintaining a counter for the table, wherein the counter indicates a number of available motion candidates in the table and the counter is not greater than the size of the table. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein further comprising:
in respond to derivation of motion information for the video block, determining whether the counter is increased at least based on size of the video block. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the counter is initialized to a zero in response to resetting the table. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion candidate in the table is associated with motion information including at least one of: a prediction direction, a reference picture index, motion vector values, an intensity compensation flag, an affine flag, a motion vector difference precision, a filtering parameter, or a motion vector difference value. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein resetting the table is determined further based on whether a prediction crossing video regions is enabled. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein checking the one or more candidates of the one or more tables is determined at least based on a number of motion candidates in the motion candidate list not reaching a maximally allowed number. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion candidate list is a merge candidate list or an Advanced Motion Vector Prediction (AMVP) candidate list. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the coding process includes encoding video blocks into a video bitstream. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the coding process includes decoding video blocks from a video bitstream. 16. A video coding apparatus comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to:
reset one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; code a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; derive motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and code the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to:
disable use of motion candidates in the table derived from the first video region during the coding of a second video region which is different from the first video region. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first region is a CTU row above the second region which is another CTU row. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to:
reset the number of available motion candidates in the one or more tables to zero. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to:
reset one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; code a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; derive motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and code the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. | A method of coding video data is provided to include resetting one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; coding a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; deriving motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and coding the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block.1. A method of coding video data, the method comprising:
resetting one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; coding a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; deriving motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and coding the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: disabling usage of motion candidates in the table derived from the first video region during the coding of a second video region which is different from the first video region. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and the second video region respectively comprise one of a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) row, a tile or a slice. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and the second video region are respectively one of a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) row in a tile or a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) row in a slice. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the first region is a CTU row above the second region which is another CTU row. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resetting comprises:
resetting the number of available motion candidates in the one or more tables to zero. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein further comprising:
maintaining a counter for the table, wherein the counter indicates a number of available motion candidates in the table and the counter is not greater than the size of the table. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein further comprising:
in respond to derivation of motion information for the video block, determining whether the counter is increased at least based on size of the video block. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the counter is initialized to a zero in response to resetting the table. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion candidate in the table is associated with motion information including at least one of: a prediction direction, a reference picture index, motion vector values, an intensity compensation flag, an affine flag, a motion vector difference precision, a filtering parameter, or a motion vector difference value. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein resetting the table is determined further based on whether a prediction crossing video regions is enabled. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein checking the one or more candidates of the one or more tables is determined at least based on a number of motion candidates in the motion candidate list not reaching a maximally allowed number. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion candidate list is a merge candidate list or an Advanced Motion Vector Prediction (AMVP) candidate list. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the coding process includes encoding video blocks into a video bitstream. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the coding process includes decoding video blocks from a video bitstream. 16. A video coding apparatus comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to:
reset one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; code a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; derive motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and code the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to:
disable use of motion candidates in the table derived from the first video region during the coding of a second video region which is different from the first video region. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first region is a CTU row above the second region which is another CTU row. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to:
reset the number of available motion candidates in the one or more tables to zero. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to:
reset one or more tables including motion candidates before coding video blocks that are in a first video region of a picture in a video; code a video block in the first video region, and determining whether to update the one or more tables using motion information derived for the video block; derive motion information for a subsequent video block to the video block in the first video region; and code the subsequent video block using the motion information derived for the subsequent video block; wherein one or more candidates from the one or more table are selectively checked during a motion candidate list construction process which is used to derive the motion information for the subsequent video block. | 3,700 |
344,293 | 16,803,765 | 3,732 | A number of approaches for transcoding media is described, which allow various users to control one or more aspects of transcoding (e.g. bit rate, resolution) when delivering media content to a client device from a network edge server or other location. The client device is provided with an interface that allows the user to increase or decrease the resolution, bit rate or other settings of the media content. Upon receiving a request from the user, the system transcodes the media content in accordance with the request and dynamically delivers the transcoded media content to the user's device. The system also enables content publishers and network operators to impose restrictions (e.g. minimum and maximum values for various settings) on user control. | 1. A computer implemented method, comprising:
receiving, in an interface associated with a service provider, restrictions from different entities to a range of bit rates and resolutions for distributing media; storing a profile associated with the restrictions; providing access to the profile using an application programming interface (API); providing the media associated with the restrictions in the profile based in part on a request through the API; receiving an adjustment to a user-adjustable quality setting for the media; and transcoding the media from a source format into at least one different format based at least in part on the adjustment to the user-adjustable quality setting being within the restrictions in the profile to produce at least one transcoded version of the media. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
verifying that the user-adjustable quality setting complies with at least one first restriction specified by a content publisher and at least one second restriction specified by a network operator, the content publisher and the network operator being the different entities. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the restrictions comprise a minimum bit rate for the range of bit rates, a maximum bit rate for the range of bit rates, and a resolution for the transcoding of the media. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
enabling one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to receive at least one of the restrictions and the user-adjustable quality setting. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing the profile associated with the restrictions; determining at least one of a bit rate for the media or a resolution of the media based at least in part on time-of-day or network traffic congestion associated with a network over which the media is to be provided to the client device; determining that the bit rate is within the range of bit rates from the restrictions or that the resolution is one of the resolutions for distributing the media from the restrictions; and transcoding the media by modifying the bit rate or the resolution of the media. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a default profile associated with an operating system of a client device; and modifying the default profile using the restrictions to generate the profile associated with the restrictions. 7. A system, comprising:
at least one processor; and memory including instructions that, when executed, cause the system to: store a profile of restrictions received through an interface for at least one of a range of bit rates and resolutions for distributing media from a service provider; enable access to the profile using an application programming interface (API); receive an adjustment to a user-adjustable quality setting for the media; determine that the adjustment is within the restrictions in the profile based in part on a request through the API; and transcode the media from a source format into at least one different format based to produce at least one transcoded version of the media. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the user-adjustable quality setting for the media is generated by at least one of: a browser on a client device; an application executing on the client device, or an operating system of the client device. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein a network operator is enabled to modify at least one of the user-adjustable quality setting to adjust a quality of service associated with the network. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the restrictions comprise a minimum bit rate for the range of bit rates, a maximum bit rate for the range of bit rates, and a resolution for the transcoding of the media. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
enable one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to receive at least one of the restrictions and the user-adjustable quality setting. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
access the profile associated with the restrictions; determine at least one of a bit rate for the media or a resolution of the media based at least in part on time-of-day or network traffic congestion associated with a network over which the media is to be provided to the client device; determine that the bit rate is within the range of bit rates from the restrictions or that the resolution is one of the resolutions for distributing the media from the restrictions; and transcode the media by modifying the bit rate or the resolution of the media. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
store a default profile associated with an operating system of a client device; and modify the default profile using the restrictions to generate the profile associated with the restrictions. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
determine an attribute associated with the media or a location of the media received from a content publisher; select a default profile to be applied to the media based in part on the attribute or the location; and enable modification of the default profile using the restrictions to generate the profile associated with the restrictions. 15. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
receive, in the interface, at least one of a first restriction specified by a content publisher and a second restriction specified by a network operator; verify that the user-adjustable quality setting for the media, defined by a content publisher, complies with at least one of the first restriction and the second restriction; and enable the adjustment to the user-adjustable quality setting for the media. 16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
storing a profile of restrictions received through an interface for at least one of a range of bit rates and resolutions for distributing media from a service provider; enabling access to the profile using an application programming interface (API); receiving an adjustment to a user-adjustable quality setting for the media; determining that the adjustment is within the restrictions in the profile based in part on a request through the API; and transcoding the media from a source format into at least one different format based to produce at least one transcoded version of the media. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the user-adjustable quality setting for the media is generated by at least one of: a browser on a client device; an application executing on the client device, or an operating system of the client device. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein a network operator is enabled to modify at least one of the user-adjustable quality setting to adjust a quality of service associated with the network. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the restrictions comprise a minimum bit rate for the range of bit rates, a maximum bit rate for the range of bit rates, and a resolution for the transcoding of the media. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions executable by the one or more processors further perform steps comprising:
access the profile associated with the restrictions; determine at least one of a bit rate for the media or a resolution of the media based at least in part on time-of-day or network traffic congestion associated with a network over which the media is to be provided to the client device; determine that the bit rate is within the range of bit rates from the restrictions or that the resolution is one of the resolutions for distributing the media from the restrictions; and transcode the media by modifying the bit rate or the resolution of the media. | A number of approaches for transcoding media is described, which allow various users to control one or more aspects of transcoding (e.g. bit rate, resolution) when delivering media content to a client device from a network edge server or other location. The client device is provided with an interface that allows the user to increase or decrease the resolution, bit rate or other settings of the media content. Upon receiving a request from the user, the system transcodes the media content in accordance with the request and dynamically delivers the transcoded media content to the user's device. The system also enables content publishers and network operators to impose restrictions (e.g. minimum and maximum values for various settings) on user control.1. A computer implemented method, comprising:
receiving, in an interface associated with a service provider, restrictions from different entities to a range of bit rates and resolutions for distributing media; storing a profile associated with the restrictions; providing access to the profile using an application programming interface (API); providing the media associated with the restrictions in the profile based in part on a request through the API; receiving an adjustment to a user-adjustable quality setting for the media; and transcoding the media from a source format into at least one different format based at least in part on the adjustment to the user-adjustable quality setting being within the restrictions in the profile to produce at least one transcoded version of the media. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
verifying that the user-adjustable quality setting complies with at least one first restriction specified by a content publisher and at least one second restriction specified by a network operator, the content publisher and the network operator being the different entities. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the restrictions comprise a minimum bit rate for the range of bit rates, a maximum bit rate for the range of bit rates, and a resolution for the transcoding of the media. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
enabling one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to receive at least one of the restrictions and the user-adjustable quality setting. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing the profile associated with the restrictions; determining at least one of a bit rate for the media or a resolution of the media based at least in part on time-of-day or network traffic congestion associated with a network over which the media is to be provided to the client device; determining that the bit rate is within the range of bit rates from the restrictions or that the resolution is one of the resolutions for distributing the media from the restrictions; and transcoding the media by modifying the bit rate or the resolution of the media. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a default profile associated with an operating system of a client device; and modifying the default profile using the restrictions to generate the profile associated with the restrictions. 7. A system, comprising:
at least one processor; and memory including instructions that, when executed, cause the system to: store a profile of restrictions received through an interface for at least one of a range of bit rates and resolutions for distributing media from a service provider; enable access to the profile using an application programming interface (API); receive an adjustment to a user-adjustable quality setting for the media; determine that the adjustment is within the restrictions in the profile based in part on a request through the API; and transcode the media from a source format into at least one different format based to produce at least one transcoded version of the media. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the user-adjustable quality setting for the media is generated by at least one of: a browser on a client device; an application executing on the client device, or an operating system of the client device. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein a network operator is enabled to modify at least one of the user-adjustable quality setting to adjust a quality of service associated with the network. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the restrictions comprise a minimum bit rate for the range of bit rates, a maximum bit rate for the range of bit rates, and a resolution for the transcoding of the media. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
enable one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to receive at least one of the restrictions and the user-adjustable quality setting. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
access the profile associated with the restrictions; determine at least one of a bit rate for the media or a resolution of the media based at least in part on time-of-day or network traffic congestion associated with a network over which the media is to be provided to the client device; determine that the bit rate is within the range of bit rates from the restrictions or that the resolution is one of the resolutions for distributing the media from the restrictions; and transcode the media by modifying the bit rate or the resolution of the media. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
store a default profile associated with an operating system of a client device; and modify the default profile using the restrictions to generate the profile associated with the restrictions. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
determine an attribute associated with the media or a location of the media received from a content publisher; select a default profile to be applied to the media based in part on the attribute or the location; and enable modification of the default profile using the restrictions to generate the profile associated with the restrictions. 15. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
receive, in the interface, at least one of a first restriction specified by a content publisher and a second restriction specified by a network operator; verify that the user-adjustable quality setting for the media, defined by a content publisher, complies with at least one of the first restriction and the second restriction; and enable the adjustment to the user-adjustable quality setting for the media. 16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
storing a profile of restrictions received through an interface for at least one of a range of bit rates and resolutions for distributing media from a service provider; enabling access to the profile using an application programming interface (API); receiving an adjustment to a user-adjustable quality setting for the media; determining that the adjustment is within the restrictions in the profile based in part on a request through the API; and transcoding the media from a source format into at least one different format based to produce at least one transcoded version of the media. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the user-adjustable quality setting for the media is generated by at least one of: a browser on a client device; an application executing on the client device, or an operating system of the client device. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein a network operator is enabled to modify at least one of the user-adjustable quality setting to adjust a quality of service associated with the network. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the restrictions comprise a minimum bit rate for the range of bit rates, a maximum bit rate for the range of bit rates, and a resolution for the transcoding of the media. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions executable by the one or more processors further perform steps comprising:
access the profile associated with the restrictions; determine at least one of a bit rate for the media or a resolution of the media based at least in part on time-of-day or network traffic congestion associated with a network over which the media is to be provided to the client device; determine that the bit rate is within the range of bit rates from the restrictions or that the resolution is one of the resolutions for distributing the media from the restrictions; and transcode the media by modifying the bit rate or the resolution of the media. | 3,700 |
344,294 | 16,803,751 | 3,732 | Anti-SIRPα antibodies, including multi-specific anti-SIRPα antibodies, are provided, as are related compositions and methods. The antibodies of the disclosure bind to SIRPα and can block the interaction of CD47 on one cell with SIRPα on a phagocytic cell. The subject anti-SIRPα antibodies find use in various therapeutic methods. Embodiments of the disclosure include isolated antibodies and derivatives and fragments thereof, pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more of the anti-SIRPα antibodies; and cell lines that produce the antibodies. Also provided are amino acid sequences of exemplary anti-SIRPα antibodies. | 1. An isolated, therapeutic antibody comprising:
(i) a variable region that specifically binds to human SIRPα, and (ii) a human Fc region comprising a modification that reduces binding to a human Fc receptor. 2. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the modification reduces glycosylation of the human Fc region. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein glycosylation is reduced by enzymatic deglycosylation, expression in a bacterial host, or modification of an amino acid residue required for glycosylation. 4. The antibody of claim 3, wherein the amino acid residue required for glycosylation is EU index position asparagine 297. 5. The antibody of claim 3, comprising an amino acid substitution of N297A/Q/D/H/G/C. 6. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the modification is amino acid substitutions in the CH2 region at EU index positions 234, 235, or 237. 7. The antibody of claim 5, wherein the modification is L234A/L235A. 8. The antibody of claim 6, further comprising the modification K322A. 9. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the modification comprises E233P/L234V/L235A/G236+A327G/A330S/P331S. 10. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is pan-specific for human SIRPα isotypes. 11. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is specific for a human SIRPα isotype. 12. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises one or more CDR sequences of the 6 sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 3-5 and 6-8. 13. The antibody of claim 1, comprising the variable region sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2; or SEQ ID NO:9 and SEQ ID NO:10, or a biologically active variant derived therefrom 14. An isolated antibody comprising one or both variable region sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, or a biologically active variant derived therefrom having at least about 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2. 15. The isolated antibody of claim 14, wherein the antibody comprises both variable region sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, or a biologically active variant derived therefrom having at least about 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2. 16. The isolated antibody of claim 14, comprising an Fc region. 17. The isolated antibody of claim 16, wherein the Fc region is a human Fc region comprising a modification that reduces binding to a human Fc receptor. 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody set forth in claim 1. 19. The composition of claim 18, in a unit dose formulation. 20. The composition of claim 19, provided as a sterile pre-pack in a unit dose with diluent. 21. The composition of claim 18, further comprising a second therapeutic antibody. 22. A method of increasing phagocytosis of a targeted cell in a human subject, the method comprising:
administering to the subject a composition comprising an antibody set forth in claim 1, in a dose effective to increase phagocytosis of the targeted cell. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the targeted cell is a cancer cell. 24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising administering a second therapeutic antibody. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the second therapeutic antibody binds to a protein on the surface of a cancer cell. | Anti-SIRPα antibodies, including multi-specific anti-SIRPα antibodies, are provided, as are related compositions and methods. The antibodies of the disclosure bind to SIRPα and can block the interaction of CD47 on one cell with SIRPα on a phagocytic cell. The subject anti-SIRPα antibodies find use in various therapeutic methods. Embodiments of the disclosure include isolated antibodies and derivatives and fragments thereof, pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more of the anti-SIRPα antibodies; and cell lines that produce the antibodies. Also provided are amino acid sequences of exemplary anti-SIRPα antibodies.1. An isolated, therapeutic antibody comprising:
(i) a variable region that specifically binds to human SIRPα, and (ii) a human Fc region comprising a modification that reduces binding to a human Fc receptor. 2. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the modification reduces glycosylation of the human Fc region. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein glycosylation is reduced by enzymatic deglycosylation, expression in a bacterial host, or modification of an amino acid residue required for glycosylation. 4. The antibody of claim 3, wherein the amino acid residue required for glycosylation is EU index position asparagine 297. 5. The antibody of claim 3, comprising an amino acid substitution of N297A/Q/D/H/G/C. 6. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the modification is amino acid substitutions in the CH2 region at EU index positions 234, 235, or 237. 7. The antibody of claim 5, wherein the modification is L234A/L235A. 8. The antibody of claim 6, further comprising the modification K322A. 9. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the modification comprises E233P/L234V/L235A/G236+A327G/A330S/P331S. 10. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is pan-specific for human SIRPα isotypes. 11. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is specific for a human SIRPα isotype. 12. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises one or more CDR sequences of the 6 sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 3-5 and 6-8. 13. The antibody of claim 1, comprising the variable region sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2; or SEQ ID NO:9 and SEQ ID NO:10, or a biologically active variant derived therefrom 14. An isolated antibody comprising one or both variable region sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, or a biologically active variant derived therefrom having at least about 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2. 15. The isolated antibody of claim 14, wherein the antibody comprises both variable region sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, or a biologically active variant derived therefrom having at least about 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2. 16. The isolated antibody of claim 14, comprising an Fc region. 17. The isolated antibody of claim 16, wherein the Fc region is a human Fc region comprising a modification that reduces binding to a human Fc receptor. 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody set forth in claim 1. 19. The composition of claim 18, in a unit dose formulation. 20. The composition of claim 19, provided as a sterile pre-pack in a unit dose with diluent. 21. The composition of claim 18, further comprising a second therapeutic antibody. 22. A method of increasing phagocytosis of a targeted cell in a human subject, the method comprising:
administering to the subject a composition comprising an antibody set forth in claim 1, in a dose effective to increase phagocytosis of the targeted cell. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the targeted cell is a cancer cell. 24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising administering a second therapeutic antibody. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the second therapeutic antibody binds to a protein on the surface of a cancer cell. | 3,700 |
344,295 | 16,803,793 | 3,732 | An example method includes storing marking data to specify at least one selected marking to apply at a target location along a vehicle path of travel, the marking data including a machine-readable description and a marking reference coordinate frame for the selected marking. The method also includes generating task plan data to apply the selected marking based on the marking data and at least one parameter of an application tool. The method also includes determining a location and orientation of the application tool with respect to the vehicle path of travel based on location data representing a current location of a vehicle carrying the application tool. The method also includes computing a joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the determined location of the application tool. | 1. A system to apply markings to a surface, the system comprising:
at least one sensor to provide location data representing a current pose of a vehicle carrying an application tool along a vehicle path of travel; one or more non-transitory machine-readable media to store instructions, marking data and task plan data, the marking data describing at least one selected marking to apply at a target location, including a marking reference frame for the selected marking, the task plan data describing a process of applying the selected marking based on at least one parameter of the application tool; a processor to execute the instructions to at least:
determine a pose of the application tool along the vehicle path of travel based on the location data; and
compute a joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool; and
a tool controller configured to control the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the joint-space trajectory. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate guidance to inform a vehicle operator whether or not the application tool is within a marking zone that defines a spatial region from which the application tool has sufficient reachability to apply at least a substantial portion of the selected marking at the target location, wherein the guidance includes a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
enable the tool controller to execute the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction confirming application of the selected marking at the target location; or disable the tool controller from executing the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, receive a user input to adjust the target location to a modified target location; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the modified target location based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the modified target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected marking and/or target location covers a region extending beyond a reachability of the application tool, the processor is to further execute the instructions to intermittently re-compute the joint-space trajectory based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool at each of a plurality of spaced apart locations along the vehicle path of travel, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at each of the spaced apart locations based on the re-computed joint-space trajectory. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor comprises
a global positioning system device to provide geospatial coordinates of the vehicle along the vehicle path of travel; and at least one other sensor configured to sense fiducials along the vehicle path of travel, the location data being determined from the geospatial coordinates and the sensed fiducials. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the vehicle path of travel is an application path of travel for the vehicle during which each selected marking is to be applied to the surface by the application tool based on the marking data,
the system further comprising at least one other sensor to sense the fiducials as the vehicle moves along the application path of travel; wherein the non-transitory machine-readable media further stores survey data based on the location data acquired during a previous vehicle trajectory along a survey path of travel, the survey data including fiducial survey data describing a reference coordinate frame for each of a plurality of sensed fiducials along the survey path of travel, the target location for each selected marking being set based on the survey data including the fiducial survey data; wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
determine a spatial coordinate frame for fiducials sensed by the at least one other sensor along the application path of travel;
compute a transformation to correlate the spatial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel to the spatial coordinate frame determined for each respective fiducial sensed along the survey path of travel; and
determine the pose of the application tool along the application path of travel based on the transformation and the geospatial coordinates of the vehicle along the vehicle path of travel. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of sensed fiducials along the survey path of travel are selected in response to a user input from the fiducials sensed by the at least one other sensor during the survey path of travel. 9. The system of claim 1,
wherein the at least one sensor comprises:
a global positioning system device to provide geospatial data representing the pose a vehicle reference frame along the vehicle path of travel; and
at least one other sensor configured to provide other sensor data along the vehicle path of travel; and
wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to fuse the other sensor data with the geospatial data to provide fused location data representing the current pose of the application tool or the current pose of the vehicle along the vehicle path of travel. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, determine an updated location and orientation of the application tool based on the vehicle being moved to an updated position; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the updated location and orientation of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
in response to a user input instruction to provide a new marking, store new marking data in the non-transitory machine-readable media, the new marking data including a marking identifier to identify the new marking, a heading of the new marking and geospatial coordinates specifying a user-selected target location where the new marking it to be applied. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein, in response to a user input instruction to apply the new marking, the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
determine a current position and orientation of the application tool based on the current pose of the vehicle; and compute a corresponding joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the new marking at the user-selected target location based on the new marking data and the current position and orientation of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the new marking at the user-selected target location based on the corresponding joint-space trajectory, wherein the user-selected target location either has no existing marking or has an existing marking. 13. A method comprising:
storing marking data to specify at least one marking that an application tool, which is carried by a vehicle, is to apply at a target location along an application path of travel for the vehicle; receiving geospatial coordinate data from a global positioning system device to represent a current pose of a vehicle along the application path of travel for the vehicle; sensing fiducials by at least one other sensor along the application path of travel; determining fiducial data representing a fiducial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel with respect to a reference coordinate frame; computing a transformation to correlate the fiducial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel to a spatial coordinate frame for respective fiducials sensed along a previous survey path of travel, the application path of travel to approximate the survey path of travel; and determining a pose of the application tool along the application path of travel based on the transformation and the geospatial coordinate data. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
computing a joint-space trajectory for the application tool based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one marking at the target location; generating a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real time image of a surface that includes the target location; and in response to a user input instruction confirming to apply the selected marking at the target location, controlling the application tool to apply the marking at the target location based on the computed joint-space trajectory. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
computing a joint-space trajectory for the application tool based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one marking at the target location; generating a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real time image of a surface that includes the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, the method further comprises:
receiving a user input to adjust the target location to a modified target location;
computing a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the modified target location based on the task plan data and the determined location of the application tool; and
controlling the application tool to apply the marking at the modified target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
computing a joint-space trajectory for the application tool based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one marking at the target location; generating a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, moving the vehicle and determining an updated location and orientation of the application tool based on the vehicle being moved; and computing a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the updated location of the application tool, the application tool being controlled to apply the marking at the target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
estimating incremental motion of the vehicle along the application path of travel based on other sensor data acquired by the at least one other sensor along the application path of travel from a first location to a second location, wherein the pose of the application tool is updated based on the estimated incremental motion along a portion of the application path of travel between the first location and the second location. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to a user input instruction to provide a new marking, storing new marking data in the non-transitory machine-readable media, the new marking data including a marking identifier to identify the new marking, a heading of the new marking and geospatial coordinates specifying a user-selected target location where the new marking it to be applied 19. A system to apply markings to a surface, the system comprising:
a global positioning system device to provide geospatial coordinate data representing a current pose of a vehicle carrying an application tool along an application path of travel; at least one other sensor to sense fiducials along the application path of travel; one or more non-transitory machine-readable media to store instructions and marking data, the marking data describing at least one selected marking that the application tool is to apply at a target location, including a marking reference frame for the selected marking; a processor to execute the instructions to at least:
determine a spatial coordinate frame for the fiducials sensed by the at least one other sensor along the application path of travel;
compute a transformation to correlate the spatial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel to the spatial coordinate frame determined for respective fiducials sensed along a previous survey path of travel, the application path of travel to approximate the survey path of travel; and
determine a pose of the application tool along the application path of travel based on the transformation and the geospatial coordinate data. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to compute a joint-space trajectory based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one selected marking at the target location,
wherein the system further comprises a tool controller configured to control the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the computed joint-space trajectory. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real-time image of the surface that includes the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, determining an updated location and orientation of the application tool based on the vehicle being moved to an updated position; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the updated location and orientation of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
enable the tool controller to execute the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction confirming application of the selected marking at the target location; or disable the tool controller from executing the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location. 23. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real-time image of the surface that includes the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, receive a user input to adjust the target location to a modified target location; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the modified target location based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the modified target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the selected marking and/or target location covers a region extending beyond a reachability of the application tool, the processor is to further execute the instructions to intermittently re-compute the joint-space trajectory based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool at each of a plurality of spaced apart locations along the application path of travel, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at each of the spaced apart locations based on the re-computed joint-space trajectory. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
in response to a user input instruction to provide a new marking, store new marking data in the non-transitory machine-readable media, the new marking data including a marking identifier to identify the new marking, a heading of the new marking and geospatial coordinates specifying a user-selected target location where the new marking it to be applied. | An example method includes storing marking data to specify at least one selected marking to apply at a target location along a vehicle path of travel, the marking data including a machine-readable description and a marking reference coordinate frame for the selected marking. The method also includes generating task plan data to apply the selected marking based on the marking data and at least one parameter of an application tool. The method also includes determining a location and orientation of the application tool with respect to the vehicle path of travel based on location data representing a current location of a vehicle carrying the application tool. The method also includes computing a joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the determined location of the application tool.1. A system to apply markings to a surface, the system comprising:
at least one sensor to provide location data representing a current pose of a vehicle carrying an application tool along a vehicle path of travel; one or more non-transitory machine-readable media to store instructions, marking data and task plan data, the marking data describing at least one selected marking to apply at a target location, including a marking reference frame for the selected marking, the task plan data describing a process of applying the selected marking based on at least one parameter of the application tool; a processor to execute the instructions to at least:
determine a pose of the application tool along the vehicle path of travel based on the location data; and
compute a joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool; and
a tool controller configured to control the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the joint-space trajectory. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate guidance to inform a vehicle operator whether or not the application tool is within a marking zone that defines a spatial region from which the application tool has sufficient reachability to apply at least a substantial portion of the selected marking at the target location, wherein the guidance includes a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
enable the tool controller to execute the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction confirming application of the selected marking at the target location; or disable the tool controller from executing the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, receive a user input to adjust the target location to a modified target location; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the modified target location based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the modified target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected marking and/or target location covers a region extending beyond a reachability of the application tool, the processor is to further execute the instructions to intermittently re-compute the joint-space trajectory based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool at each of a plurality of spaced apart locations along the vehicle path of travel, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at each of the spaced apart locations based on the re-computed joint-space trajectory. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor comprises
a global positioning system device to provide geospatial coordinates of the vehicle along the vehicle path of travel; and at least one other sensor configured to sense fiducials along the vehicle path of travel, the location data being determined from the geospatial coordinates and the sensed fiducials. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the vehicle path of travel is an application path of travel for the vehicle during which each selected marking is to be applied to the surface by the application tool based on the marking data,
the system further comprising at least one other sensor to sense the fiducials as the vehicle moves along the application path of travel; wherein the non-transitory machine-readable media further stores survey data based on the location data acquired during a previous vehicle trajectory along a survey path of travel, the survey data including fiducial survey data describing a reference coordinate frame for each of a plurality of sensed fiducials along the survey path of travel, the target location for each selected marking being set based on the survey data including the fiducial survey data; wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
determine a spatial coordinate frame for fiducials sensed by the at least one other sensor along the application path of travel;
compute a transformation to correlate the spatial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel to the spatial coordinate frame determined for each respective fiducial sensed along the survey path of travel; and
determine the pose of the application tool along the application path of travel based on the transformation and the geospatial coordinates of the vehicle along the vehicle path of travel. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of sensed fiducials along the survey path of travel are selected in response to a user input from the fiducials sensed by the at least one other sensor during the survey path of travel. 9. The system of claim 1,
wherein the at least one sensor comprises:
a global positioning system device to provide geospatial data representing the pose a vehicle reference frame along the vehicle path of travel; and
at least one other sensor configured to provide other sensor data along the vehicle path of travel; and
wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to fuse the other sensor data with the geospatial data to provide fused location data representing the current pose of the application tool or the current pose of the vehicle along the vehicle path of travel. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, determine an updated location and orientation of the application tool based on the vehicle being moved to an updated position; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the updated location and orientation of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
in response to a user input instruction to provide a new marking, store new marking data in the non-transitory machine-readable media, the new marking data including a marking identifier to identify the new marking, a heading of the new marking and geospatial coordinates specifying a user-selected target location where the new marking it to be applied. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein, in response to a user input instruction to apply the new marking, the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
determine a current position and orientation of the application tool based on the current pose of the vehicle; and compute a corresponding joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the new marking at the user-selected target location based on the new marking data and the current position and orientation of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the new marking at the user-selected target location based on the corresponding joint-space trajectory, wherein the user-selected target location either has no existing marking or has an existing marking. 13. A method comprising:
storing marking data to specify at least one marking that an application tool, which is carried by a vehicle, is to apply at a target location along an application path of travel for the vehicle; receiving geospatial coordinate data from a global positioning system device to represent a current pose of a vehicle along the application path of travel for the vehicle; sensing fiducials by at least one other sensor along the application path of travel; determining fiducial data representing a fiducial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel with respect to a reference coordinate frame; computing a transformation to correlate the fiducial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel to a spatial coordinate frame for respective fiducials sensed along a previous survey path of travel, the application path of travel to approximate the survey path of travel; and determining a pose of the application tool along the application path of travel based on the transformation and the geospatial coordinate data. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
computing a joint-space trajectory for the application tool based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one marking at the target location; generating a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real time image of a surface that includes the target location; and in response to a user input instruction confirming to apply the selected marking at the target location, controlling the application tool to apply the marking at the target location based on the computed joint-space trajectory. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
computing a joint-space trajectory for the application tool based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one marking at the target location; generating a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real time image of a surface that includes the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, the method further comprises:
receiving a user input to adjust the target location to a modified target location;
computing a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the modified target location based on the task plan data and the determined location of the application tool; and
controlling the application tool to apply the marking at the modified target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
computing a joint-space trajectory for the application tool based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one marking at the target location; generating a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto an image of the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, moving the vehicle and determining an updated location and orientation of the application tool based on the vehicle being moved; and computing a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the updated location of the application tool, the application tool being controlled to apply the marking at the target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
estimating incremental motion of the vehicle along the application path of travel based on other sensor data acquired by the at least one other sensor along the application path of travel from a first location to a second location, wherein the pose of the application tool is updated based on the estimated incremental motion along a portion of the application path of travel between the first location and the second location. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to a user input instruction to provide a new marking, storing new marking data in the non-transitory machine-readable media, the new marking data including a marking identifier to identify the new marking, a heading of the new marking and geospatial coordinates specifying a user-selected target location where the new marking it to be applied 19. A system to apply markings to a surface, the system comprising:
a global positioning system device to provide geospatial coordinate data representing a current pose of a vehicle carrying an application tool along an application path of travel; at least one other sensor to sense fiducials along the application path of travel; one or more non-transitory machine-readable media to store instructions and marking data, the marking data describing at least one selected marking that the application tool is to apply at a target location, including a marking reference frame for the selected marking; a processor to execute the instructions to at least:
determine a spatial coordinate frame for the fiducials sensed by the at least one other sensor along the application path of travel;
compute a transformation to correlate the spatial coordinate frame for each of the sensed fiducials along the application path of travel to the spatial coordinate frame determined for respective fiducials sensed along a previous survey path of travel, the application path of travel to approximate the survey path of travel; and
determine a pose of the application tool along the application path of travel based on the transformation and the geospatial coordinate data. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to compute a joint-space trajectory based on the pose of the application tool and task plan data to enable the application tool to apply the at least one selected marking at the target location,
wherein the system further comprises a tool controller configured to control the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the computed joint-space trajectory. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real-time image of the surface that includes the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, determining an updated location and orientation of the application tool based on the vehicle being moved to an updated position; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the updated location and orientation of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
enable the tool controller to execute the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction confirming application of the selected marking at the target location; or disable the tool controller from executing the joint-space trajectory in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location. 23. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
generate a graphical representation of the selected marking superimposed onto a real-time image of the surface that includes the target location; in response to a user input instruction rejecting application of the selected marking at the target location, receive a user input to adjust the target location to a modified target location; and compute a modified joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the modified target location based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at the modified target location based on the modified joint-space trajectory. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the selected marking and/or target location covers a region extending beyond a reachability of the application tool, the processor is to further execute the instructions to intermittently re-compute the joint-space trajectory based on the task plan data and the pose of the application tool at each of a plurality of spaced apart locations along the application path of travel, wherein the tool controller is configured to control the application tool to apply the marking at each of the spaced apart locations based on the re-computed joint-space trajectory. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is to further execute the instructions to at least:
in response to a user input instruction to provide a new marking, store new marking data in the non-transitory machine-readable media, the new marking data including a marking identifier to identify the new marking, a heading of the new marking and geospatial coordinates specifying a user-selected target location where the new marking it to be applied. | 3,700 |
344,296 | 16,803,770 | 3,732 | A composite cable is composed of a plurality of power supply wires, a plurality of signal wires, two or more of which are configured to be connected to a common terminal member, and a sheath provided to cover the plurality of power supply wires and the plurality of signal wires together. The two or more of the plurality of signal wires being configured to be connected to the common terminal member are provided adjacent to each other. | 1. A composite cable, comprising:
a plurality of power supply wires; a plurality of signal wires, two or more of which are configured to be connected to a common terminal member; and a sheath provided to cover the plurality of power supply wires and the plurality of signal wires together, wherein the two or more of the plurality of signal wires being configured to be connected to the common terminal member are provided adjacent to each other. 2. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the two or more of the plurality of signal wires being configured to be connected to the common terminal member are provided to remain in contact with each other. 3. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires include two signal wires, which are configured to be connected to a sensor section of an ABS sensor for measuring a rotation speed of a wheel,
wherein the two signal wires being configured to be connected to the sensor section of the ABS sensor are provided adjacent to each other. 4. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein two or more of the plurality of power supply wires, which are configured to be connected to an other common terminal member, are provided adjacent to each other. 5. The composite cable according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of power supply wires include two power supply wires, which are configured to be connected to an electric parking brake device for braking a rotation of a wheel after vehicle stopping, wherein the two power supply wires being configured to be connected to the electric parking brake device are provided adjacent to each other. 6. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires are each configured to include a twisted wire pair comprising one pair of insulated electric wires being twisted together, and an internal sheath for coating together the one pair of insulated electric wires of the twisted wire pair. 7. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires are each configured to include a twisted wire pair comprising one pair of insulated electric wires being twisted together, and
wherein an internal sheath is provided to cover together the twisted wire pairs of the plurality of signal wires being twisted around each other. 8. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires are each configured to include one pair of insulated electric wires, with the one pairs of insulated electric wires of the plurality of signal wires being laid together to provide an aggregate, and
wherein an internal sheath is provided to cover a whole of the aggregate. 9. A composite harness, comprising:
a composite cable composed of a plurality of power supply wires, a plurality of signal wires, and a sheath provided to cover the plurality of power supply wires and the plurality of signal wires together; and a common terminal member provided to be connected to one end portions of two or more of the plurality of signal wires, wherein the two or more of the plurality of signal wires being connected to the common terminal member are provided adjacent to each other. | A composite cable is composed of a plurality of power supply wires, a plurality of signal wires, two or more of which are configured to be connected to a common terminal member, and a sheath provided to cover the plurality of power supply wires and the plurality of signal wires together. The two or more of the plurality of signal wires being configured to be connected to the common terminal member are provided adjacent to each other.1. A composite cable, comprising:
a plurality of power supply wires; a plurality of signal wires, two or more of which are configured to be connected to a common terminal member; and a sheath provided to cover the plurality of power supply wires and the plurality of signal wires together, wherein the two or more of the plurality of signal wires being configured to be connected to the common terminal member are provided adjacent to each other. 2. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the two or more of the plurality of signal wires being configured to be connected to the common terminal member are provided to remain in contact with each other. 3. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires include two signal wires, which are configured to be connected to a sensor section of an ABS sensor for measuring a rotation speed of a wheel,
wherein the two signal wires being configured to be connected to the sensor section of the ABS sensor are provided adjacent to each other. 4. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein two or more of the plurality of power supply wires, which are configured to be connected to an other common terminal member, are provided adjacent to each other. 5. The composite cable according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of power supply wires include two power supply wires, which are configured to be connected to an electric parking brake device for braking a rotation of a wheel after vehicle stopping, wherein the two power supply wires being configured to be connected to the electric parking brake device are provided adjacent to each other. 6. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires are each configured to include a twisted wire pair comprising one pair of insulated electric wires being twisted together, and an internal sheath for coating together the one pair of insulated electric wires of the twisted wire pair. 7. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires are each configured to include a twisted wire pair comprising one pair of insulated electric wires being twisted together, and
wherein an internal sheath is provided to cover together the twisted wire pairs of the plurality of signal wires being twisted around each other. 8. The composite cable according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wires are each configured to include one pair of insulated electric wires, with the one pairs of insulated electric wires of the plurality of signal wires being laid together to provide an aggregate, and
wherein an internal sheath is provided to cover a whole of the aggregate. 9. A composite harness, comprising:
a composite cable composed of a plurality of power supply wires, a plurality of signal wires, and a sheath provided to cover the plurality of power supply wires and the plurality of signal wires together; and a common terminal member provided to be connected to one end portions of two or more of the plurality of signal wires, wherein the two or more of the plurality of signal wires being connected to the common terminal member are provided adjacent to each other. | 3,700 |
344,297 | 16,803,734 | 3,732 | In one embodiment the golf club head includes three main components, a frame component, a rear cap component, and a striking plate. | 1. A golf club head having a face, sole, crown, heel, and toe, the club head comprising:
a face component made of a metal or metal alloy, and having surfaces defining the face, a portion of the sole, a portion of the crown, a portion of the toe, and a portion of the heel, the face having a variable thickness comprising a maximum thickness greater than about 3.0 mm and a minimum thickness less than about 3.0 mm, wherein the face component comprises one or more elongate structural reinforcement members; a rear shell joined to the face component to provide a club head having an interior volume and having a rear portion with an aft end positioned opposite the face, the rear shell comprising at least two layers including an injection molded inner layer and an outer composite layer, wherein at least one of the inner layer or the outer layer comprises a polymeric material having:
a tensile strength of from about 50 to about 1300 MPa,
a tensile modulus of from about 2 to about 100 GPa,
a flexural strength from about 50 to about 1000 MPa,
a flexural modulus of from about 2 to about 120 GPa, and
a tensile elongation of greater than about 1%;
one or more rear weight ports located at the rear portion of the rear shell and proximate to the aft end, the one or more rear weight ports each configured to secure a replaceable weight, and defining a first central axis that extends through the sole portion and the crown portion of the golf club head; a slidable weight track located in the face component near the face, the slidable weight track configured to secure one or more moveable weights; and an adjustable head-shaft connection assembly comprising a sleeve secured by a fastening member in a locked position, the head-shaft connection system configured to allow the golf club head to be adjustably attachable to a golf club shaft in a plurality of different positions resulting in different combinations of loft angle, face angle, or lie angle; wherein the club head has:
an x-axis moment of inertia (Ixx) greater than 270 kg·mm2,
a z-axis moment of inertia (Izz) greater than 440 kg·mm2, and
a Delta 1 of about 16 to 30 mm, wherein Delta 1 is defined as the distance of a center of gravity of the club head rearward of a hosel longitudinal axis of the club head. 2. The golf club head of claim 1 wherein the face component is made of a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, one or more titanium alloys, aluminum, one or more aluminum alloys, steel, one or more steel alloys, and any combination thereof and the rear shell comprises a thermoplastic carbon composite material. 3. The golf club head of claim 2 wherein the rear shell has a mass less than 50 g. 4. The golf club head of claim 1 wherein the head has a center of gravity located between about 4 mm below a horizontal centerline of the head to about 2 mm above the horizontal centerline. 5. A golf club head, comprising:
a club head body having an external surface with a heel portion, a toe portion, a crown portion, a sole portion, a striking surface positioned at a forward portion, an aft end positioned at a rear portion opposite the striking surface, and a hosel extending outward from the body proximate to a crown and heel transition region; wherein the striking surface of the club head body has a geometric center and a variable thickness with a maximum thickness greater than about 3.0 mm and a minimum thickness less than about 3.0 mm; wherein the club head body has:
a face component made of a metal or metal alloy, and having surfaces defining the striking surface, a portion of the sole, a portion of the crown, a portion of the toe, and a portion of the heel, wherein the face component comprises one or more elongate structural reinforcement members; and
a rear shell joined to the face component to provide a club head having an interior volume and having a rear portion including the aft end, the rear shell comprising at least two layers including an injection molded inner layer and an outer composite layer, wherein at least one of the inner layer or the outer layer comprises a polymeric material having:
a tensile strength of from about 50 to about 1300 MPa,
a tensile modulus of from about 2 to about 100 GPa,
a flexural strength from about 50 to about 1000 MPa,
a flexural modulus of from about 2 to about 120 GPa, and
a tensile elongation of greater than about 1%;
one or more rear weight ports located at the rear portion of the rear shell and proximate to the aft end, the one or more rear weight ports each configured to secure a replaceable weight, and defining a first central axis that extends through the sole portion and the crown portion of the golf club head;
a slidable weight track located in the face component near the striking surface, the slidable weight track configured to secure one or more moveable weights; and
a head origin defined as a position on the striking surface at approximately the geometric center, the head origin including a head origin x-axis, a head origin y-axis, and a head origin z-axis;
wherein the head origin x-axis is tangential to the striking surface and generally parallel to a ground plane when the head is in an address position and a positive x-axis extends towards a heel portion;
wherein the head origin y-axis extends perpendicular to the head origin x-axis and generally parallel to the ground plane when the head is in the address position and a positive y-axis extends from the striking surface and through the rear portion of the club head body; and
wherein the head origin z-axis extends perpendicular to the ground plane,
and perpendicular to both the head origin x-axis and y-axis when the head is in the address position and a positive z-axis extends from the head origin and generally upward; and wherein the golf club head has:
a center of gravity with a head origin z-axis coordinate less than about 0 mm;
a moment of inertia about a center of gravity x-axis (CG x-axis), wherein the CG x-axis is parallel to the head origin x-axis and passes through the center of gravity of the golf club head; and
a moment of inertia about a center of gravity z-axis (CG z-axis), wherein the CG z-axis is parallel to the head origin z-axis and passes through the center of gravity of the golf club head; and
wherein a golf club head moment of inertia about the CG x-axis is greater than 270 kg·mm2 and a moment of inertia about the CG z-axis is greater than 440 kg·mm2. 6. The golf club head of claim 5 wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity located about 4 mm below a horizontal centerline of the head to about 2 mm above the horizontal centerline. 7. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the face comprises two or more threaded apertures configured to retain two or more fasteners. 8. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the one or more elongate structural reinforcement members comprise two or more ribs located within an interior cavity of the golf club head. 9. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 200 g/m2. 10. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 100 g/m2. 11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the outer composite layer comprises carbon fiber. 12. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 100 g/m2. 13. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 70 g/m2. 14. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the outer composite layer comprises carbon fiber. 15. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component using at least one of a bonded overlay joint, a full lap joint, or a half lap joint. 16. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component to form an overlay joint, either by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the face component over an exterior abutment surface of the rear shell, or by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the rear shell component over an exterior abutment surface of the face component. 17. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 1 mm to about 20 mm. 18. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 4 mm to 8 mm. 19. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 5 mm to about 7 mm. 20. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component using at least one of a bonded overlay joint, a full lap joint, or a half lap joint. 21. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component to form an overlay joint, either by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the face component over an exterior abutment surface of the rear shell, or by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the rear shell component over an exterior abutment surface of the face component. 22. The golf club head of claim 21, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 4 mm to about 8 mm. 23. The golf club head of claim 21, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 5 mm to 7 mm. | In one embodiment the golf club head includes three main components, a frame component, a rear cap component, and a striking plate.1. A golf club head having a face, sole, crown, heel, and toe, the club head comprising:
a face component made of a metal or metal alloy, and having surfaces defining the face, a portion of the sole, a portion of the crown, a portion of the toe, and a portion of the heel, the face having a variable thickness comprising a maximum thickness greater than about 3.0 mm and a minimum thickness less than about 3.0 mm, wherein the face component comprises one or more elongate structural reinforcement members; a rear shell joined to the face component to provide a club head having an interior volume and having a rear portion with an aft end positioned opposite the face, the rear shell comprising at least two layers including an injection molded inner layer and an outer composite layer, wherein at least one of the inner layer or the outer layer comprises a polymeric material having:
a tensile strength of from about 50 to about 1300 MPa,
a tensile modulus of from about 2 to about 100 GPa,
a flexural strength from about 50 to about 1000 MPa,
a flexural modulus of from about 2 to about 120 GPa, and
a tensile elongation of greater than about 1%;
one or more rear weight ports located at the rear portion of the rear shell and proximate to the aft end, the one or more rear weight ports each configured to secure a replaceable weight, and defining a first central axis that extends through the sole portion and the crown portion of the golf club head; a slidable weight track located in the face component near the face, the slidable weight track configured to secure one or more moveable weights; and an adjustable head-shaft connection assembly comprising a sleeve secured by a fastening member in a locked position, the head-shaft connection system configured to allow the golf club head to be adjustably attachable to a golf club shaft in a plurality of different positions resulting in different combinations of loft angle, face angle, or lie angle; wherein the club head has:
an x-axis moment of inertia (Ixx) greater than 270 kg·mm2,
a z-axis moment of inertia (Izz) greater than 440 kg·mm2, and
a Delta 1 of about 16 to 30 mm, wherein Delta 1 is defined as the distance of a center of gravity of the club head rearward of a hosel longitudinal axis of the club head. 2. The golf club head of claim 1 wherein the face component is made of a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, one or more titanium alloys, aluminum, one or more aluminum alloys, steel, one or more steel alloys, and any combination thereof and the rear shell comprises a thermoplastic carbon composite material. 3. The golf club head of claim 2 wherein the rear shell has a mass less than 50 g. 4. The golf club head of claim 1 wherein the head has a center of gravity located between about 4 mm below a horizontal centerline of the head to about 2 mm above the horizontal centerline. 5. A golf club head, comprising:
a club head body having an external surface with a heel portion, a toe portion, a crown portion, a sole portion, a striking surface positioned at a forward portion, an aft end positioned at a rear portion opposite the striking surface, and a hosel extending outward from the body proximate to a crown and heel transition region; wherein the striking surface of the club head body has a geometric center and a variable thickness with a maximum thickness greater than about 3.0 mm and a minimum thickness less than about 3.0 mm; wherein the club head body has:
a face component made of a metal or metal alloy, and having surfaces defining the striking surface, a portion of the sole, a portion of the crown, a portion of the toe, and a portion of the heel, wherein the face component comprises one or more elongate structural reinforcement members; and
a rear shell joined to the face component to provide a club head having an interior volume and having a rear portion including the aft end, the rear shell comprising at least two layers including an injection molded inner layer and an outer composite layer, wherein at least one of the inner layer or the outer layer comprises a polymeric material having:
a tensile strength of from about 50 to about 1300 MPa,
a tensile modulus of from about 2 to about 100 GPa,
a flexural strength from about 50 to about 1000 MPa,
a flexural modulus of from about 2 to about 120 GPa, and
a tensile elongation of greater than about 1%;
one or more rear weight ports located at the rear portion of the rear shell and proximate to the aft end, the one or more rear weight ports each configured to secure a replaceable weight, and defining a first central axis that extends through the sole portion and the crown portion of the golf club head;
a slidable weight track located in the face component near the striking surface, the slidable weight track configured to secure one or more moveable weights; and
a head origin defined as a position on the striking surface at approximately the geometric center, the head origin including a head origin x-axis, a head origin y-axis, and a head origin z-axis;
wherein the head origin x-axis is tangential to the striking surface and generally parallel to a ground plane when the head is in an address position and a positive x-axis extends towards a heel portion;
wherein the head origin y-axis extends perpendicular to the head origin x-axis and generally parallel to the ground plane when the head is in the address position and a positive y-axis extends from the striking surface and through the rear portion of the club head body; and
wherein the head origin z-axis extends perpendicular to the ground plane,
and perpendicular to both the head origin x-axis and y-axis when the head is in the address position and a positive z-axis extends from the head origin and generally upward; and wherein the golf club head has:
a center of gravity with a head origin z-axis coordinate less than about 0 mm;
a moment of inertia about a center of gravity x-axis (CG x-axis), wherein the CG x-axis is parallel to the head origin x-axis and passes through the center of gravity of the golf club head; and
a moment of inertia about a center of gravity z-axis (CG z-axis), wherein the CG z-axis is parallel to the head origin z-axis and passes through the center of gravity of the golf club head; and
wherein a golf club head moment of inertia about the CG x-axis is greater than 270 kg·mm2 and a moment of inertia about the CG z-axis is greater than 440 kg·mm2. 6. The golf club head of claim 5 wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity located about 4 mm below a horizontal centerline of the head to about 2 mm above the horizontal centerline. 7. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the face comprises two or more threaded apertures configured to retain two or more fasteners. 8. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the one or more elongate structural reinforcement members comprise two or more ribs located within an interior cavity of the golf club head. 9. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 200 g/m2. 10. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 100 g/m2. 11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the outer composite layer comprises carbon fiber. 12. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 100 g/m2. 13. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the outer composite layer has a fiber areal weight (FAW) below 70 g/m2. 14. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the outer composite layer comprises carbon fiber. 15. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component using at least one of a bonded overlay joint, a full lap joint, or a half lap joint. 16. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component to form an overlay joint, either by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the face component over an exterior abutment surface of the rear shell, or by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the rear shell component over an exterior abutment surface of the face component. 17. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 1 mm to about 20 mm. 18. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 4 mm to 8 mm. 19. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 5 mm to about 7 mm. 20. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component using at least one of a bonded overlay joint, a full lap joint, or a half lap joint. 21. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the rear shell is joined to the face component to form an overlay joint, either by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the face component over an exterior abutment surface of the rear shell, or by overlaying an inner abutment surface of the rear shell component over an exterior abutment surface of the face component. 22. The golf club head of claim 21, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 4 mm to about 8 mm. 23. The golf club head of claim 21, wherein a degree of overlay of the overlay joint is from about 5 mm to 7 mm. | 3,700 |
344,298 | 16,803,730 | 3,732 | A first and second display assembly are moveably mounted to a frame. At least one of the display assemblies includes a cover, an electronic display located behind the cover, and a first and second channel. A fixed plate is attached to the frame and positioned entirely within a cavity located between the display assemblies and the frame. The cavity and the first channel are part of a closed loop pathway, while the second channel is part of an open loop pathway. The closed loop is sealed when the display assemblies are in a closed position, and the fixed plate is accessible when the display assemblies are in an open position. | 1. An electronic display assembly comprising:
a frame; a first and second display assembly mounted to the frame, at least one of said first and second display assemblies comprising:
a cover;
an electronic display located behind the cover;
a first channel configured to receive circulating gas; and
a second channel configured to receive ambient air;
a cavity located between rear surfaces of the first and second display assemblies and within the frame; a fixed plate attached to said frame and positioned entirely within the cavity, wherein said fixed plate is spaced apart from the rear surfaces of said first and second display assemblies, and wherein said fixed plate is configured to receive electronic components; a closed loop pathway comprising said cavity and said first channel; and an open loop pathway comprising said second channel; wherein said first and second display assemblies are mounted to said frame in a manner which permits movement between a closed position where said closed loop pathway is sealed and an opened position where said fixed plate is accessible. 2. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the first channel is located between the cover and the electronic display. 3. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the second channel is located behind the electronic display. 4. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic display comprises a layer of liquid crystals. 5. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic display is directly backlit. 6. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic display is edge lit. 7. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the frame is configured to be mounted to a sidewalk. 8. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the frame is configured to be mounted to the roof of vehicle. 9. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
at least one of the first and second display assemblies is configured to accommodate a static poster. 10. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
at least one of the first and second display assemblies is configured to accommodate an access panel. 11. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 further comprising:
an open loop fan located along said open loop pathway and configured to move ambient air through said open loop pathway when operated; and
a closed loop fan located along said closed loop pathway and configured to move circulating gas through said closed loop pathway when operated. 12. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said fixed plate comprises a server rack. 13. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 further comprising:
a number of pass through devices located on the frame and configured to permit cabling to pass into the cavity. 14. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said first and second display assemblies are moveably mounted to the frame in a manner which permits rotation of said first and second display assemblies about a first and second vertical axis. 15. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said first and second display assemblies are moveably mounted to the frame in a manner which permits rotation of said first and second display assemblies about a first and second horizontal axis. 16. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said first and second display assemblies are provided in a back to back arrangement with one another. 17. A method for providing an electronic display assembly comprising the steps of:
securing a fixed plate to a frame; mounting a first and a second display assembly to the frame such that fixed plate is located between rear surfaces of said first and second display assemblies, wherein at least one of said first and second display assemblies comprise:
a cover;
an electronic display located behind the cover;
a first channel configured to receive circulating gas; and
a second channel configured to receive ambient air;
moving circulating gas through a closed loop pathway comprising the first channel and a cavity located between the rear surfaces of the first and second display assemblies, an upper edge, a lower edge, a side edges of the frame; moving ambient air through an open loop pathway comprising the second channel; and moving at least one of said first and second display assemblies between a closed position where said closed loop pathway is sealed, and an opened position where said fixed plate is accessible, wherein said fixed plate is located entirely within said cavity. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:
mounting at least one electronic component to said fixed plate; and
removing said at least one electronic component from said fixed plate. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:
removing at least one of said first and second display assemblies; and
replacing the removed one of first and second display assemblies with a replacement display assembly. 20. An electronic display assembly comprising:
a frame having an upper edge, a lower edge, and side edges; a first and second display assembly mounted to the frame in a back to back arrangement, each of said first and second display assemblies comprising:
a cover layer;
an electronic display located behind the cover layer;
a first channel located between a front surface of the electronic display and a rear surface of the cover layer, wherein said first channel is configured to receive circulating gas; and
a second channel located behind a rear surface of the electronic display, wherein said second channel is configured to receive ambient air;
a cavity located between a rear surface of the first display assembly, a rear surface of the second display assembly, the upper edge, the lower edge, the side edges of the frame; a fixed plate affixed to said frame and positioned entirely within the cavity, wherein said fixed plate is spaced apart from the rear surfaces of said first and second display assemblies, and wherein said fixed plate is configured to receive electronic components for operating said electronic display assembly; a closed loop pathway comprising said cavity and said first channel; and an open loop pathway comprising said second channel; wherein said first and second display assemblies are moveably mounted to said frame; wherein said closed loop pathway is sealed when said first and second display assemblies are located in a closed position; and wherein said fixed plate is accessible when said first and second display assemblies are located in an open position. | A first and second display assembly are moveably mounted to a frame. At least one of the display assemblies includes a cover, an electronic display located behind the cover, and a first and second channel. A fixed plate is attached to the frame and positioned entirely within a cavity located between the display assemblies and the frame. The cavity and the first channel are part of a closed loop pathway, while the second channel is part of an open loop pathway. The closed loop is sealed when the display assemblies are in a closed position, and the fixed plate is accessible when the display assemblies are in an open position.1. An electronic display assembly comprising:
a frame; a first and second display assembly mounted to the frame, at least one of said first and second display assemblies comprising:
a cover;
an electronic display located behind the cover;
a first channel configured to receive circulating gas; and
a second channel configured to receive ambient air;
a cavity located between rear surfaces of the first and second display assemblies and within the frame; a fixed plate attached to said frame and positioned entirely within the cavity, wherein said fixed plate is spaced apart from the rear surfaces of said first and second display assemblies, and wherein said fixed plate is configured to receive electronic components; a closed loop pathway comprising said cavity and said first channel; and an open loop pathway comprising said second channel; wherein said first and second display assemblies are mounted to said frame in a manner which permits movement between a closed position where said closed loop pathway is sealed and an opened position where said fixed plate is accessible. 2. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the first channel is located between the cover and the electronic display. 3. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the second channel is located behind the electronic display. 4. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic display comprises a layer of liquid crystals. 5. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic display is directly backlit. 6. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the electronic display is edge lit. 7. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the frame is configured to be mounted to a sidewalk. 8. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
the frame is configured to be mounted to the roof of vehicle. 9. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
at least one of the first and second display assemblies is configured to accommodate a static poster. 10. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
at least one of the first and second display assemblies is configured to accommodate an access panel. 11. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 further comprising:
an open loop fan located along said open loop pathway and configured to move ambient air through said open loop pathway when operated; and
a closed loop fan located along said closed loop pathway and configured to move circulating gas through said closed loop pathway when operated. 12. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said fixed plate comprises a server rack. 13. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 further comprising:
a number of pass through devices located on the frame and configured to permit cabling to pass into the cavity. 14. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said first and second display assemblies are moveably mounted to the frame in a manner which permits rotation of said first and second display assemblies about a first and second vertical axis. 15. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said first and second display assemblies are moveably mounted to the frame in a manner which permits rotation of said first and second display assemblies about a first and second horizontal axis. 16. The electronic display assembly of claim 1 wherein:
said first and second display assemblies are provided in a back to back arrangement with one another. 17. A method for providing an electronic display assembly comprising the steps of:
securing a fixed plate to a frame; mounting a first and a second display assembly to the frame such that fixed plate is located between rear surfaces of said first and second display assemblies, wherein at least one of said first and second display assemblies comprise:
a cover;
an electronic display located behind the cover;
a first channel configured to receive circulating gas; and
a second channel configured to receive ambient air;
moving circulating gas through a closed loop pathway comprising the first channel and a cavity located between the rear surfaces of the first and second display assemblies, an upper edge, a lower edge, a side edges of the frame; moving ambient air through an open loop pathway comprising the second channel; and moving at least one of said first and second display assemblies between a closed position where said closed loop pathway is sealed, and an opened position where said fixed plate is accessible, wherein said fixed plate is located entirely within said cavity. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:
mounting at least one electronic component to said fixed plate; and
removing said at least one electronic component from said fixed plate. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:
removing at least one of said first and second display assemblies; and
replacing the removed one of first and second display assemblies with a replacement display assembly. 20. An electronic display assembly comprising:
a frame having an upper edge, a lower edge, and side edges; a first and second display assembly mounted to the frame in a back to back arrangement, each of said first and second display assemblies comprising:
a cover layer;
an electronic display located behind the cover layer;
a first channel located between a front surface of the electronic display and a rear surface of the cover layer, wherein said first channel is configured to receive circulating gas; and
a second channel located behind a rear surface of the electronic display, wherein said second channel is configured to receive ambient air;
a cavity located between a rear surface of the first display assembly, a rear surface of the second display assembly, the upper edge, the lower edge, the side edges of the frame; a fixed plate affixed to said frame and positioned entirely within the cavity, wherein said fixed plate is spaced apart from the rear surfaces of said first and second display assemblies, and wherein said fixed plate is configured to receive electronic components for operating said electronic display assembly; a closed loop pathway comprising said cavity and said first channel; and an open loop pathway comprising said second channel; wherein said first and second display assemblies are moveably mounted to said frame; wherein said closed loop pathway is sealed when said first and second display assemblies are located in a closed position; and wherein said fixed plate is accessible when said first and second display assemblies are located in an open position. | 3,700 |
344,299 | 16,803,731 | 3,732 | Disclosed are a nanostructure including a nanoparticle, and a first compound including a probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, a second compound including a DNA sequence encoding the probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, and optionally substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein when the nanostructure does not include substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, a ratio ((n1+n2)/w) of the sum of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound and the number of moles (n2) of the second compound relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is about 1.2 nmol/g to about 85 μmol/g on average, a biosensor including the nanostructure, and a method of screening a biological material using the nanostructure or the biosensor. | 1. A nanostructure comprising
a nanoparticle, a first compound comprising a probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, a second compound comprising a DNA sequence encoding the probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, and optionally substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein when the nanostructure does not comprise the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol, a ratio ((n1+n2)/w) of the sum of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound and the number of moles (n2) of the second compound relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is about 1.2 nmol/g to about 85 μmol/g on average. 2. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle comprises an organic polymer nanoparticle, an inorganic nanoparticle, an organic-inorganic composite nanoparticle, or a combination thereof. 3. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein
the nanoparticle has a core-shell structure, wherein the core comprises substituted or unsubstituted polystyrene optionally comprising ferrite, substituted or unsubstituted polyglycidyl methacrylate optionally comprising ferrite, a substituted or unsubstituted polystyrene-polyglycidyl methacrylate copolymer optionally comprising ferrite, or a combination thereof, and the shell is a substituted or unsubstituted polyglycidylmethacrylate. 4. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle has a size of about 10 nm to about 1,000 nm 5. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the second compound have at least two ends, wherein one end of which is bound to the nanoparticle, and the other end of which is a sticky end. 6. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a peptide, a peptide mimetic, a small molecule, or a combination thereof. 7. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a D-peptide, an L-peptide, a cyclic peptide, a stapled peptide, a peptoid, a cyclic peptoid, a foldamer, a small molecule comprising a triazine moiety, a small molecule comprising a pyrrolopyrimidine moiety, a small molecule comprising a benzimidazole moiety, or a combination thereof. 8. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the second compound comprises a primer at both ends of the DNA sequence encoding the probe. 9. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein a weight average molecular weight of the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol is about 1,000 Da to about 10,000 Da. 10. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol is substituted or unsubstituted polyethylene glycol. 11. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein a ratio (n1:n2) of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound and the number of moles (n2) of the second compound is about 1.5:1 to about 1,000:1. 12. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein
when the nanostructure comprises the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol, a ratio (n3/w) of the number of moles (n3) of the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is greater than or equal to 100 μmol/g on average. 13. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein
when the nanostructure does not comprise the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol, a ratio (n1/w) of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is less than or equal to about 60 μmol/g. 14. A biosensor comprising the nanostructure of claim 1. 15. A screening method comprising contacting a biological material with the biosensor of claim 14. 16. The screening method of claim 15, wherein
the biological material is labeled with a labeling material (label), and the labeling material is biotin, histag, Ni-NTA, N-hydroxysuccinmide, amine, thiol, histidine, phosphine, aldehyde tag, hydrazide tag, halide, alkyne, azide, halotag, benzlguanin, snap tag, benzylcytosine, CLIP-tag, flag-tag, maleiimide, or a combination thereof. 17. The screening method of claim 15, which further comprises selecting a nanostructure that is interacted with the biological material in the biosensor. 18. The screening method of claim 17, wherein
the selecting of the nanostructure that is interacted with the biological material comprises preparing a container coated with a material that is bound to the biological material, and attaching the nanostructure interacted with the biological material to the container. 19. The screening method of claim 17, which further comprises identifying a compound interacted with the biological material from the selected nanostructure interacted with the biological material. 20. The screening method of claim 19, wherein
the identifying of the compound interacted with the biological material from the selected nanostructure interacted with the biological material comprises amplifying a DNA sequence of the second compound of the selected nanostructure interacted with the biological material, and analyzing the amplified DNA sequence. | Disclosed are a nanostructure including a nanoparticle, and a first compound including a probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, a second compound including a DNA sequence encoding the probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, and optionally substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein when the nanostructure does not include substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, a ratio ((n1+n2)/w) of the sum of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound and the number of moles (n2) of the second compound relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is about 1.2 nmol/g to about 85 μmol/g on average, a biosensor including the nanostructure, and a method of screening a biological material using the nanostructure or the biosensor.1. A nanostructure comprising
a nanoparticle, a first compound comprising a probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, a second compound comprising a DNA sequence encoding the probe and bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, and optionally substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein when the nanostructure does not comprise the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol, a ratio ((n1+n2)/w) of the sum of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound and the number of moles (n2) of the second compound relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is about 1.2 nmol/g to about 85 μmol/g on average. 2. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle comprises an organic polymer nanoparticle, an inorganic nanoparticle, an organic-inorganic composite nanoparticle, or a combination thereof. 3. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein
the nanoparticle has a core-shell structure, wherein the core comprises substituted or unsubstituted polystyrene optionally comprising ferrite, substituted or unsubstituted polyglycidyl methacrylate optionally comprising ferrite, a substituted or unsubstituted polystyrene-polyglycidyl methacrylate copolymer optionally comprising ferrite, or a combination thereof, and the shell is a substituted or unsubstituted polyglycidylmethacrylate. 4. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle has a size of about 10 nm to about 1,000 nm 5. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the second compound have at least two ends, wherein one end of which is bound to the nanoparticle, and the other end of which is a sticky end. 6. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a peptide, a peptide mimetic, a small molecule, or a combination thereof. 7. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a D-peptide, an L-peptide, a cyclic peptide, a stapled peptide, a peptoid, a cyclic peptoid, a foldamer, a small molecule comprising a triazine moiety, a small molecule comprising a pyrrolopyrimidine moiety, a small molecule comprising a benzimidazole moiety, or a combination thereof. 8. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the second compound comprises a primer at both ends of the DNA sequence encoding the probe. 9. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein a weight average molecular weight of the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol is about 1,000 Da to about 10,000 Da. 10. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol is substituted or unsubstituted polyethylene glycol. 11. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein a ratio (n1:n2) of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound and the number of moles (n2) of the second compound is about 1.5:1 to about 1,000:1. 12. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein
when the nanostructure comprises the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol, a ratio (n3/w) of the number of moles (n3) of the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is greater than or equal to 100 μmol/g on average. 13. The nanostructure of claim 1, wherein
when the nanostructure does not comprise the substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene glycol, a ratio (n1/w) of the number of moles (n1) of the first compound relative to the weight (w) of the nanostructure is less than or equal to about 60 μmol/g. 14. A biosensor comprising the nanostructure of claim 1. 15. A screening method comprising contacting a biological material with the biosensor of claim 14. 16. The screening method of claim 15, wherein
the biological material is labeled with a labeling material (label), and the labeling material is biotin, histag, Ni-NTA, N-hydroxysuccinmide, amine, thiol, histidine, phosphine, aldehyde tag, hydrazide tag, halide, alkyne, azide, halotag, benzlguanin, snap tag, benzylcytosine, CLIP-tag, flag-tag, maleiimide, or a combination thereof. 17. The screening method of claim 15, which further comprises selecting a nanostructure that is interacted with the biological material in the biosensor. 18. The screening method of claim 17, wherein
the selecting of the nanostructure that is interacted with the biological material comprises preparing a container coated with a material that is bound to the biological material, and attaching the nanostructure interacted with the biological material to the container. 19. The screening method of claim 17, which further comprises identifying a compound interacted with the biological material from the selected nanostructure interacted with the biological material. 20. The screening method of claim 19, wherein
the identifying of the compound interacted with the biological material from the selected nanostructure interacted with the biological material comprises amplifying a DNA sequence of the second compound of the selected nanostructure interacted with the biological material, and analyzing the amplified DNA sequence. | 3,700 |
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